LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR THE RESULTS

COMPONENTS EXPLANATION CHECK

1. Flow and baseline data  90 HSP patients were randomized √
into 3 groups (NMES = 36, TENS =
36, control group = 18).
 81 patients completed all
evaluations after 4 weeks of √
treatment. 62 patients completed
all evaluations at 8 weeks. The
percentage of subjects that
completed the study is 44%.
 54 patients were excluded:
 Severe cognitive impairment
(MMSE < 24) √
 Suffered from
cerebrovascular disease and
left dysfunction
 Implantation of pacemakers
 Any other disorder that
affects neuromuscular
function
 37 patients were excluded:
 Unwilling to sign informed
consent
 An unstable medical
condition
 A comparison of the
demographic characteristics NRS,
AROM/PROM, FMA, MAS, BI, and
SSQOLS scores did not exhibit
statistically significant √
differences at baseline between
the 3 groups

PRIMARY OUTCOME The primary outcome measurements, √

that is, NRS scors, were decreased by
an average of 2.03, 1.44, and 0.61
points in NMES, TENS, and the control
groups after 20 sessions. All
differences were statistically
significant among the 3 groups
SECONDARY OUTCOME During the current study, all groups √
displayed significant improvements in
the mean shoulder AROM/PROM,
FMA, BI, and SSQOLS scores at each
assessment posttreatment. The
treatment groups, including NMES and
TENS, experienced significantly
reduced NRS scores at 2 weeks, which
were even further reduced at 4 weeks
and maintained at 8 weeks compared
to baseline. A gradual reduction could
also be seen in the control group
throughout the entire phase, with a
significant difference at 4 and 8 weeks
but not at 2 weeks. Similarly, the
differences in the improvements of
mean shoulder AROM/PROM, FMA,
BI, and SSQOLS were statistically
significant as compared to the
baseline levels within each group