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THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018 THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018
OUTLINE
THE CORDIC ALGORITHM AND
• CORDIC algorithm:
CORDIC ARCHITECTURES
– Rotation and vectoring modes
• CORDIC architectures
Implementation of Digital Signal Processing
• Applications of CORDIC
Sabih H. Gerez
University of Twente
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
IMPLEMENTATION OF DSP 5 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSP 6
THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018 THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018
• After rewrite:
• Angles involved:
• If is chosen such that , with , 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
then the rotations can be executed without multiplications 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/128 1/256
except for initial factor [deg] 45.0 26.6 14.0 7.1 3.6 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.2
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/128 1/256
45.0 26.6 14.0 7.1 3.6 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.2 • The angle accumulator can be used to determine :
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1
– Initialize .
45.0 18.4 4.4 11.5 15.1 13.3 14.2 14.7 14.9
– Factor becomes 1 when and -1 otherwise.
• The arctangent values can be precomputed and stored in a
look-up table (LUT), say .
• The depend on the required rotation angle.
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
IMPLEMENTATION OF DSP 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSP 10
THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018 THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018
ROTATION-MODE CORDIC
CORDIC EQUATIONS SUMMARY
• Goal is to rotate vector • Final result:
• Original equations were: by angle .
• Initialization:
• Making use of the special values for the tangent, leaving out the • Where:
multiplication by the cosine and combining with angle
accumulation, one gets:
converges to 1.647.
• Conclusion: the result vector is
rotated but scaled version of
original vector.
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
TVC
DUV
TB
Modulated signal has 16 samples per transmitted bit.
DUV = design under verification
TVC = test-vector controller; TB = testbench
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
LPF DAM
The 16 samples per transmitted bit are first reduced
to 4 and later back to 1.
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
© Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands © Sabih H. Gerez, University of Twente, The Netherlands
IMPLEMENTATION OF DSP 25
THE CORDIC ALGORITHM March 16, 2018