Low Cost Digital

Tachometer
Date: 15.12.2018

Under Supervision
Of
Md. Aticur Rahman
Lecturer, Dept of EETE

1
 Submitted By:
Name Roll
Md. Abdul Awal Juwel 09
Md. Reful Mia 21
Razu Ahmmed 23
Md. Zihad Rana 24
Stoper Kumar Roy 25
Md. Razaul Islam 33
Md. Tayabur Rahaman 46

2
RPM METER OR TACHOMETER
A tachometer is an
instrument measuring the
rotation speed of a shaft or
disk, as in a motor or other
machine. The device usually
displays the revolutions per
minute (RPM) on a
calibrated analogue dial, but
digital displays are
increasingly common.

3
 History
• The inventor is assumed to be the German engineer
Dietrich Uhlhorn
• He used it for measuring the speed of machines in
1817
• Since 1840, it has been used to measure the speed of
locomotives

4
 Objective
• Make a digital rpm meter at low cost.
• Modify the RPM meter and use it in vehicle.
• We , in this project are measuring the RPM of a
motor using an IR sensor.
• The motor speed control using IC555.
• RPM and Frequency shown on LCD display.

5
 Types of Tachometer
• Digital tachometer are classified into following types
• Contact type A tachometer that need a physical
contact with rotating shaft.
• Contactless type A tachometer that does not need
any physical contact with the rotating shaft

Contact type Tachometer Contactless type Tachometer

6
Bock Diagram

7
 Major Components
• pic16f76 microcontroller
• Crystal 16mhz
• LCD display
• IR Sensor Module
• Capacitors
• Some resistor
• Diode
• Transformer
• pcb Transistor (tip122)
• Voltage Regulator (7085)

8
Tachometer Circuit Diagram

9
DC Motor Speed Control Circuit
Diagram

10
Top view our Tachometer

11
Top view our dc Motor speed control
unit

12
 Microcontroller
• It’s a full computer system on a chip, even if its
resources are far more limited than of a desktop
personal computer.
• Designed for stand alone operations

13
PIC16F76 Microcontroller

14
 Microcontroller Overview
• This product offer all of the advantages of the
well recognized mid-range x14 architecture with
standardized features including 14kB of
addressable program memory size
• 368bytes of data memory size, 22 general-
purpose I/O pins and 5-channel 8-bit analog-to-
digital (A/D) converter.
• This device operates at a maximum frequency of
20MHz
• Operating voltage of 2 to 5.5V.
15
 LCD Display
• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic
display module and find a wide range of applications.
A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits.
These modules are preferred over seven
segments and other multi segment LEDs.

16
 IR sensor Module
• IR sensor work on the principal in which IR LED
emits IR radiation and Photodiode sense that IR
radiation. Photodiode resistance changes according
to the amount of IR radiation falling on it, hence the
voltage drop across it also changes and by using the
voltage comparator (like LM358) we can sense the
voltage change and generate the output accordingly.

17
 How?
• Transformer steps down 220V to 9-0-9V.
• converts the ac into dc and Charge dc Battery.
• 7805 voltage regulator regulates the voltage to 5V,
which is the operating voltage of our microcontroller.
• LCD is interfaced with microcontroller.
• IR sensor is used to count the RPM. It consists of an
emitter and a receiver. The second input terminal of
photodiode is connected to a comparator which is fed
to the microcontroller.
• Crystal (12MHz) is used to generate a stable clock
signal for the microcontroller. Duty cycle is varied so
as to change the speed of motor.

18
Performance analysis

19
 Performance analysis between
conventional and proposed tachometer

Observati Speed measurement Speed measurement % of deviation from the

on No. using conventional using proposed speed measured by
optical tachometer tachometer (RPM conventional
(RPM) tachometer

1 2580 2600 0.77

2 1920 1900 -1.04

3 1520 1490 -1.97

20
 Cost analysis between conventional
and proposed tachometer

Type of Range of Basic Circuits Used Cost per Meter

Tachometer RPM (Approximately)

Proposed Optical 1 to (1)pic16f76microcontroller

Tachometer 9999 (2)IR Sensor Module TK 700
(3) 7 Segment display
Conventional 0.1 to 1) Micro Computer LSI
Optical 99999 Circuit TK 5200 [1]
Tachometer (2) LCD Display

[1] Bdstall.com, ‘Lutron Digital Photo Tacho and Speed Meter’ , 2018. [Online]. Available: 21
http://www.bdstall.com/listingDetail/index/4072/
 Applications
• The contactless Digital Tachometer circuit can
be used to calculate speed of rotating wheels,
discs and motor shafts.
• This project can be used at places where direct
contact with motor shafts or wheels is not
possible to be made, as in case of vehicles and
also in industrials machines.
• This project can be used at home to check speed
of small battery operated fans and other motor
based devices.

22
 Limitation !
• The main limitation of this project is that the
IR sensor we are using for measuring RPM
needs to be kept very close (< 1 inch) to the
moving object, hence its practical use can
become a bit limited.

23
24