SCC EPRMP Draft Aug2017 PDF

Proposed Expansion of Cement Manufacturing and Quarry Operation Project
Solid Cement Corporation (SCC)

SCC Compound, Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City, Province of Rizal
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 6
Project Fact Sheet PD Summary ................................................................................................. 6
Summary of Project Description ................................................................................................... 6
Process Documentation .............................................................................................................. 11
EIA Summary ................................................................................................................................ 15
Summary of alternatives considered in terms of siting, technology selection/operation
processes and design.................................................................................................................. 15
Concise integrated summary of the main impacts and residual effects after applying
mitigation ................................................................................................................................... 15
Risks and uncertainties relating to the findings and implications for decision making ............ 16
Summary of Baseline Characterization (based on the result of the long term monitoring and
compared with the previous baseline), Key Environmental Impacts and Management &
Monitoring Plan (including assessment of the effectivity of the measures and the propose
changes to consider the expansion), and status of EMF & EGF implementation (including the
proposed changes to include the expansion)............................................................................. 16
Summary of Key Environmental Impacts and Management and Monitoring Plan as well as the
plan for the EMF and EGF ........................................................................................................... 17
SECTION I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 43
Project Information .................................................................................................................... 43
1.1 Project Location ................................................................................................................ 45
1.1.1 Project Location and Area ............................................................................................ 45
1.1.2 Geographical Coordinates of Project Area ................................................................... 48
1.1.3 Vicinity and Accessibility of the Project Site ................................................................ 50
Rationale for Selection of Primary & Secondary Impact Areas ................................................. 50
1.2 Project Rationale............................................................................................................... 52
1.2.1 Need for the project based on national and local economic development and in terms
of contribution to sustainable development agenda or current development thrusts of the
Philippines .................................................................................................................................. 52
1.3 Project Alternatives .......................................................................................................... 52
1.3.1 Alternatives and Criteria for the Mining Method and Technology Selection for the
Mineral Processing, Alternative and Criteria for Methods of Tailings and Mine Supporting
Resources Selection.................................................................................................................... 53
1.3.2 No Project Option ......................................................................................................... 53
1.3.3 Reasons for selecting the preferred options delineated in terms of technical,
commercial, social and natural environmental ......................................................................... 53
1.3.4 Summary of the comparative environmental impacts of each alternative ................. 53
An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 1

1.4 Project Component ........................................................................................................... 54

1.4.1 Major Components ....................................................................................................... 54
1.4.2 Support Facilities (i.e. energy/power generating facility, water supply system) ........ 55
1.4.3 Pollution control devices and corresponding facilities being served or connected .... 61
1.4.4 Footprint of proposed layout of project facilities ........................................................ 61
1.5 Process / Technology ........................................................................................................ 63
1.5.1 Production process (indicate type of raw material & final product) if process industry;
Construction if infrastructure such as buildings, roads & bridges............................................. 63
1.5.2 Power generation & water supply system ................................................................... 72
1.5.3 Waste Management Systems ....................................................................................... 77
1.5.3.1 Ore/mineral processing (indicate type of raw material & final product). Indicative
process flow-sheets showing material balances for the processing plant, and the anticipated
rates of inputs, along with similar data on products, wastes and recycle streams .................. 83
1.5.3.2 Power & water supply system; Waste Management Systems (tailings pond,
wastewater treatment facility, siltation ponds, tailings dam, etc.) .......................................... 85
1.6 Project Size ........................................................................................................................ 86
1.6.1 Cement production capacity: from 1.8 MMTPY existing to 4.5 MMTPY combined
capacity 86
1.6.2 Quarrying operations: from Existing 9,500 Metric Tons/day to 19,000 Metric Tons/day
Expansion .................................................................................................................................... 86
1.6.3 Project area in square meters or hectares ................................................................... 86
1.6.4 Annual production rate & working days/hours if process industry ............................ 86
1.7 Development Plan, Description of Project Phases and Corresponding Timeframes ....... 89
1.7.1 Pre-construction (planning, securing of ECC and other permits) ................................ 89
1.7.2 Construction (land/site clearing, temporary housing, transport of materials, health
and other services for the workforce) ....................................................................................... 89
1.7.2.1 Construction Phase Timetable ................................................................................. 89
1.7.3 Operation (projected period of start-up/commissioning/full operation of various
project components) .................................................................................................................. 89
1.7.3.1 Cement Production................................................................................................... 89
1.7.3.2 Quarry Operation ..................................................................................................... 96
CHAPTER II: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .............................. 106
2.1 LAND .............................................................................................................................. 106
2.1.1 Land Use and Classification ........................................................................................ 106
2.1.2 Geology/Geomorphology ........................................................................................... 110

2.1.2.1 Change in surface Landform / Geomorphology/ Topography/Terrain/Slope ...... 110

2.1.2.2 Change in sub-surface geology/underground conditions ...................................... 110
2.1.2.3 Inducement of Subsidence, Liquefaction, Landslide, Mud/Debris Flow, Earthquake
Hazard 114
2.1.3 Pedology .......................................................................................................................... 121
2.1.3.1 Soil erosion / loss of topsoil / overburden ............................................................ 121
2.1.3.2 Change in soil quality/fertility................................................................................ 121
2.1.4 Terrestrial Ecology ...................................................................................................... 126
2.1.4.1 Terrestrial Flora ....................................................................................................... 126
2.1.4.2 Terrestrial Fauna ..................................................................................................... 176
2.2 The Water ...................................................................................................................... 188
2.2.1 Hydrology/Hydrosampling map ................................................................................. 188
2.2.1.1 Change in drainage morphology/inducementof flooding/Reduction in stream
volumetric flow ........................................................................................................................ 188
2.2.1.2 Change in stream, lake water depth ...................................................................... 188
2.2.1.3 Depletion of water resources/ Competition in water use ..................................... 188
2.2.2 Oceanography............................................................................................................. 188
2.2.3 Water Quality ............................................................................................................. 188
2.2.3.1 Degradation of groundwater quality ..................................................................... 188
2.2.3.2 Degradation of surface water quality .................................................................... 188
2.2.3.3 Degradation of coastal/marine water quality ....................................................... 188
2.2.3.4 Water Sample Collection and Analysis .................................................................. 188
2.2.3.5 Water Quality Sampling Stations ........................................................................... 189
2.2.3.6 Water Quality Assessment ..................................................................................... 191
2.2.3.7 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ........................................................................ 191
2.2.4 Freshwater Ecology..................................................................................................... 194
Figure 2.2.3.5.1a: Tagbac River ............................................................................................ 194
2.2.4.1 Threat to existence and/or loss of local species of important habitat.................. 194
2.2.4.2 Threat to abundance, frequency and distribution of species ...................................... 195
2.2.4.3 Mitigation Measures .............................................................................................. 195
2.3 The Air ............................................................................................................................ 200
2.3.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................... 200
2.3.1.1 Climate Type ........................................................................................................... 200
2.3.1.2 Wind Regime .......................................................................................................... 201

2.3.1.3 Rainfall .................................................................................................................... 202

2.3.1.4 Relative Humidity ................................................................................................... 202
2.3.1.5 Temperature ........................................................................................................... 203
2.3.1.6 Cyclone Frequency ................................................................................................. 204
2.3.2 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ............................................................................ 207
2.3.2.1 Change in the Local Micro-Climate ........................................................................ 207
2.3.2.2 Contribution in Terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (or GHG Mitigation Potential)
210
2.3.3 Air Quality and Noise .................................................................................................. 211
2.3.3.1 Ambient Air Quality................................................................................................ 211
2.3.3.2.1 Construction Phase ............................................................................................ 224
2.3.3.2.2 Operation Phase................................................................................................. 225
2.3.4 Noise Quality .............................................................................................................. 243
2.3.4.1 Baseline Environmental Condition ......................................................................... 243
2.3.4.2.1 Construction Phase ............................................................................................ 243
2.3.4.2.2 Operation Phase................................................................................................. 250
4.0 PEOPLE ......................................................................................................................... 253
4.1 Displacement of Settlers ..................................................................................................... 267
4.2 In-Migration ..................................................................................................................... 267
4.3 Cultural/Lifestyle Change (especially on indigenous people) .......................................... 267
4.4 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources ........................................................................... 267
4.5 Threat To Delivery Of Basic Services /Resource Competition ............................................. 267
4.6 Threat to Public Health and Safety ...................................................................................... 267
4.7 Generation of Local Benefits from the Project .................................................................... 268
4.8 Traffic Congestion ............................................................................................................ 272
CHAPTER III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................... 277
3.1 EMP for Project Phase- Construction ........................................................................ 277
3.2 EMP for Project Phase- Operations ........................................................................... 279
3.3 Project Phase – Decommissioning/Abandonment ................................................... 280
3.4 Summary Matrix of the Impact Management Plan ................................................... 280
CHAPTER IV. ENVIRONMENT RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA) AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE POLICY AND GUIDELINES .......................................................................... 285

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 285

Scope and Coverage ................................................................................................................. 285
Type of Risks .............................................................................................................................. 286
Safety Risks ............................................................................................................................... 286
Release of Toxic Substances ...................................................................................................... 286
Physical Risks............................................................................................................................. 287
Breakdown of Pollution Control Facilities ................................................................................. 287
Breakdown or Failure of Equipment and Facilities .................................................................... 288
Hazard Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 288
CHAPTER V. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN/FRAMEWORK (SDP) AND IEC
FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 289
5.1 The Social Development Plan (SDP) ................................................................................ 289
5.2 The Information, Education and Communications (IEC) Implementation Plan ........... 291
CHAPTER VI. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE MONITORING ............................ 292
1.4 Self-Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................................... 292
6.2 Multi-Sectoral Monitoring Framework ........................................................................ 292
6.3 Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Fund Commitments ............................. 292
CHAPTER VII. DECOMMISSIONING/ ABANDONMENT/ REHABILITATION
POLICY ......................................................................................................................................... 308
CHAPTER VIII. INSTITUTIONAL PLAN FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ................ 310
CHAPTER IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 312
CHAPTER X. ANNEXES ......................................................................................................... 314

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project Fact Sheet PD Summary
Summary of Project Description
Solid Cement Corporation (SCC), a corporation duly organized under the laws of the Philippines, is
currently operating a cement plant and quarry areas within MPSA 116 and 124. Because of the need
for a bigger cement production capacity, SCC proposed expansion of the Cement Manufacturing and
Quarry Operations.
At present, in connection with the cement manufacturing and quarry operations of Solid Cement
Corporation, it has the following valid and existing Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECCs):
1. ECC No. 8808-018-302A dated 27 June 1990 for the siliceous ore mining project located at Barrio
Pantay and Tagbac, Antipolo, Rizal;
2. ECC No. 9105-0360-301C dated 14 January 1992 for expansion of limestone, diorite and dacite
mining; and Cement Plant;
3. ECC No. 193-RI-207-95 dated 27 April 1995 for the Power Plant Station Project;
4. ECC No. 04 98 12-16-0785-120 dated 28 December 1998 for the 5.2MW and 4.2MW Diesel Engine
Generator Set Project;
5. Amendment of ECC No. 9105-036-301 dated 15 July 2004, to also cover Alternative Fuel and Raw
Material Facilities within the existing plant;
6. Amendment of ECC No. 9105-036-301 dated 04 October 2010, for addition of volcanic tuff dryer
facility; and
7. Amendment of ECC No. 9105-036-301 dated 17 September 2013, for the installation of the
screening system at limestone storage project.
Solid Cement Corporation (SCC) operates its quarry areas thru a valid and MGB-approved Operating
Agreement with Teresa Marble Corporation (TMC). Provided in Annex M is MGB-approved Operating
Agreement between SCC and TMC.
This Expansion Project, which will involve the construction of a new cement line, an increase in cement
production capacity, increase in AFR substitution and increase in extraction capacity is not covered by
the aforementioned ECCs thus this application for ECC amendment through an Environmental
Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) and consolidation of all of the issued
aforementioned ECCs. Copy of ECCs are provided in Annex B.
Provided below is the photograph of the Project site.

Plate ES1: Panoramic view of the Project Site
A tabulated summary of the Project Description is provided in the table below:
Table ES1.1: Project Description Summary Matrix

Official Name of Cement Manufacturing and Quarry Expansion Project
the Project
Project The Proponent is Solid Cement Corporation (SCC), a cement manufacturing
Proponent company which produces Type 1 and Type 1-P cement.Copy of SEC
Registration is provided in Annex “A”.
Project Site The existing cement plant covers 37.2 hectares. The expansion area is estimated
Location and to occupy 14 hectares. The total cement plant complex is 63.3 hectares.
total land area
The quarry area is composed of Pantay and Pamias 2 quarry areas which shall
cover an area of about 117.5 hectares. The expansion is confined within Sitio
Tagbak, Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City.
The project is bounded by the following coordinates:
Table ES 1.1A: Cement Complex Site Geographical Coordinates of the Farthest

Corners of the Project Site:

Table ES1.1B: Pamias 2 Quarry Area
MPSA-124 (Pamias 2) After New MOA

Area = 46.5138 Has.
MPSA COORDINATES
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Corner Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec
1 14 34 57.82 121 12 39.14
2 14 34 59.33 121 12 39.9
3 14 35 0.36 121 12 40.15
4 14 35 2.27 121 12 41.17
5 14 35 6.71 121 12 39.53
6 14 35 14.44 121 12 39.82
7 14 35 17.26 121 12 39.34
8 14 35 16.98 121 12 51.33
9 14 35 15.76 121 12 51.71
10 14 35 15.31 121 12 51.6
11 14 35 13.52 121 12 51.94
12 14 35 13.71 121 12 52.69
13 14 35 10.01 121 12 54.48
14 14 34 57.1 121 12 57.36
15 14 34 49.07 121 13 1.69
16 14 34 39.7 121 12 47.56
17 14 34 45.39 121 12 46
18 14 34 49.15 121 12 45.18
19 14 34 53.86 121 12 43.48
Table ES1.1C: Pantay Quarry Area
MPSA-116-98 (Pantay Quarry)

70.98 Has.
MPSA COORDINATES
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
1 14 36 46.8 121 12 52
2 14 37 0 121 12 52
3 14 37 0 121 13 18.7
4 14 36 50.6 121 13 24
5 14 36 45.7 121 13 13.6
6 14 36 33.2 121 13 18.4
7 14 36 33.5 121 13 27.8
8 14 36 28.3 121 13 27.8
9 14 36 25.8 121 13 30
10 14 36 1.7 121 13 30

11 14 36 1.7 121 13 36.4

12 14 35 51.28 121 13 36.4
13 14 35 47.6 121 13 30
14 14 36 1.7 121 13 22.95
15 14 36 26 121 13 16.8
16 14 36 26 121 13 6.19
17 14 36 46.8 121 13 6.19
The site can be reached from Manila by land via Ortigas Extension, passing
through the Kaytikling Road which is the main artery road of the Cainta-Taytay,
and Antipolo, Rizal provinces. The total distance from Manila to the Project site is
approximately 33 kilometers with a travel time of 1 to 1.5 hours.
Project Status The existing ECCs of Solid Cement Corporation enumerated in page 6 will be
amended to include the proposed expansion of Cement Manufacturing and
Quarry Operations.
Project Capacity Provided below is the project’s capacity per major component:
1. Increase of extraction rate of Limestone, Diorite and Dacite mining to 19,000
Mt/day;
2. Increase in cement production capacity from 1.8MMTPY to a total capacity of
4.5MMTPY of Cement; and
3. Increase in AFR substitution from 50% to 80% rate of substitution.
Project Provided in Table ES1.2 below is the table of the project’s major components
Components and support facilities:
and Process
Technology
Table ES1.2: Comparative tabulation of the project components of the existing and expansion project
EXPANSION PROJECT COMPARATIVE TABULATION
MAJOR EQUIPMENT PROPOSED TOTAL MAJOR
EXISTING PLANT TOTAL
DESCRIPTION EXPANSION COMPONENT
Limestone Crusher 1 400 MTPH
1,100 MTPH
Limestone Crusher 2 1,100 MTPH 1,100 MTPH
Pozzolana Crusher 1 250 MTPH 250 TPH
650 MTPH
Pozzolana Crusher 2 400 TPH 400 TPH
Extraction Rate 9500 MTPD 9500 MTPD 19000 MTPD 19000 MTPD
Vertical Raw Mill 3 280 MTPH 280 TPH
560 MTPH
23,250 METRIC 23,250 METRIC
Homogenization Silo 1
TONS TONS 40,250 METRIC
17,000 METRIC 17,000 METRIC TONS
Homogenization Silo 2
TONS TONS
Kiln 3 3,800 MTPD 3,800 MTPD
7,300 MTPD
Vertical Coal Mill 1 27 MTPH 27 MTPH
54 MTPH
70,000 METRIC 70,000 METRIC
Clinker Storage
TONS TONS 120,000
50,000 METRIC 50,000 METRIC METRIC TONS
Clinker Silo
TONS TONS

Cement Mill 1 60 MTPH 60 MTPH

Cement Mill 2 60MTPH 60 MTPH
Cement Mill 3 120 MTPH 120 MTPH 450 MTPH
Total Cement Mill 1+2+3
240 MTPH
Capacity
Vertical Cement Mill 4 210 MTPH 210 MTPH
8 x 1,500 METRIC 2 x 5,000 METRIC 22,000 METRIC 22,000 METRIC
Cement Silos
TONS TONS TONS TONS
Tuff Dryer 60 MTPH 60 MTPH 60 MTPH
Bulk Dispatch 2 x 60 MTPH 2x 250 MTPH 620 MTPH 620 MTPH
Bagging System 4 x 90 MTPH 2 x120 MTPH 600 MTPH 600 MTPH
Power Plant 3 x 5.3MW 1 x 10MW 25.9 MW 25.9 MW
33.4 MW @115KV
Connected Load 24MW @34.5KV Line 57.4 MW 57.4 MW
Line
Water source from River & 120,000
60,000 m3/month 60,000 m3/month 120,000 m3/month
Deep Wells m3/month
158,000 METRIC 50,000 METRIC 208,000 METRIC 208,000
Raw material storage
TONS TONS TONS METRIC TONS
90,000 METRIC 90,000 METRIC 90,000 METRIC
Coal storage
TONS TONS TONS
Note: The existing Limestone Crusher 1 highlighted in yellow will be reused to crush Pozzolan materials represented
as Pozzolana Crusher 2.The New Line Crusher
with Capacity of 1,100 MTPH will take care of the existing and New Line requirements.
The New Integrated Cement Plant shall use of the existing infrastructures of the existing plant such as
inner roads,perimeter fences,services and utilities,available clear spaces,shall connect to existing water
distribution and the area where existing electrical distribution system are place but will require upgrading
to 115KV transmission system as mentioned in Table ES1.2 above, Electrical Underground Tunnels, 5
depth, shall be constructed to connect the New Line to the 115KV receiving substation to be located at
the back of the power plant building.
Environmental Safeguards and Management

Generally, following are the environmental management that will be implemented:
 Strict implementation of emission abatement techniques
 Environmental Management System implementation.
 Adequate emergency and safety equipment and procedures, and regular training.
Specifically, provided below is the tabulated Environmental Safeguards and Management for the
existing and proposed project.
Table ES1.3: Environmental Safeguards and Management for the existing and proposed project
Environmental Original Project Expansion
Safeguards and (Existing) Project
Management (Proposed)
Monitoring of Ambient Done on a Quarterly basis as committed & part of the Same
Air Quality EMP
Noise Level Monitoring Part of the internal facility inspection & monitoring Same
Water Quality Monitoring Conducted by a 3rd Party Service provider on a Same

quarterly basis
Solid Waste Waste segregation (biodegradable, non-biodegradable Same
Management Program and hazardous) from the source. Recyclable materials
are identified and segregated and sold to scrap buyer.

Residual waste are contained on specific bins and

collected by the barangay garbage collector. These are
transported at the municipality’s recovery facility and
ground to include on the manufacturing of decorative
bricks and hollow blocks.
Hazardous waste is properly contained. Used oil,

bunker fuel oil sludge, busted bulbs and expired
chemicals are used for the existing AFR facilities & the
rest are collected and transported by DENR accredited
transporter and treated with compliance to RA 6969.
Types and Air emission of criteria pollutants such as CO, particulates, NO X, and SOX, solid
Estimated wastes such as domestic wastes, sludge or residue, hazardous wastes such as
Generation Rate busted bulbs, lamps and used batteries, are among the wastes generated. These
of Major Waste are wastes from the over-all process which are reported in the regular SMR and
Streams CMR. The same waste profile is expected to be generated for the expansion
project. AFR Substitution rate will increase and can be seen as an enhancement.
Project Duration Construction timetable is expected / projected to commence as soon as the ECC
and Schedule has been secured and is estimated to be completed in 30 months.
Manpower During construction, we estimate a manpower requirement of up to more

than 707 during the peak of the construction activities. During operations,
existing manpower will be tapped but additional hiring of 275 will be hired.
Project Cost Two Hundred Twenty-Five Million United States Dollars (US$225M), which
considering an exchange rate of 50Php/US$ is equal to Eleven Billion Two
Hundred Fifty Million Philippine Pesos (Php11.25B).
Project Engr. Normandy A. Chan

Proponent Plant Director- SOLID Plant - Operations - Philippines
Contact Person Address: SOLID Cement Corporation Sitio Tagbac, Brgy San Jose
and Contact Antipolo City, Philippines 1870
Details e-Mail: normandy.chan@cemex.com
Engr. Alberto A. Afable

Technical and Operations Support Manager
CEMEX Asia Pte. Ltd. Phil Headquarters
Address: 8th Flr., Petron Megaplaza Bldg.,
Senator Gil Puyat Ave., Makati City, Philippines 1200
e-Mail: alberto.afable@cemex.com
Process Documentation
EIA Team MEDIATRIX BUSINESS CONSULTANCY
Matilde J. Fernando, LL.B., Project Manager and EIA Team Leader

L29 Joy-Nostalg Centre, 17 ADB Ave., Ortigas Centre, Pasig City 1600
Telephone No.: (+632)689.7114
Mobile No.: +63917.5064499
Email: mediatrixbusinessconsultancy@gmail.com; medi1425@yahoo.com
EIA Team of Preparers

Name Field of Expertise
Matilde R. Jimenez-Fernando Team Leader and socio module

Engr. Reynaldo Tejada Air and noise quality, aie and noise
modeling
Ria Caramoan Assistant Team Leader
Juvinal Esteban Socio-economics
Gregorio Baguioro Air and water quality
Alexis Fernando Research
Jessan Jello Bernales Field Assignment
Maria Liza Martin Field Assignment
The Proponent, principally Engr. Alberto A. Afable and his Team provided the in-
house inputs/data involving the plans, site and miscellaneous aspects of the existing
and expansion project. The Team from SCC include the following:
1. Engr. Normandy Chan
2. Engr. Alberto Afable
3. Atty. Lally Mallari
4. Engr. Nino Bert Advincula
5. Engr. Rochelle Vicencio
6. Mr. Ariel Yson

EIA Study Schedule Presented in the Gantt chart below are the key EIA activities and target approval
and ECC issuance:
Activity Date
2/22/16 3/16 5/16 5/16 6/16 6/16 7/16 8/16 9/17 9/17 Estimated
7/17 period: 10-
08/17
Submission of PDS with request
for Technical Scoping
Public Scoping
Site assessment and validation
Technical Scoping with EMB
Casehandlers, EIARC and EIA
Preparers
Data gathering
Report preparation
Procedural screening by EMB
Casehandler
Public Hearing
Review and evaluation by EIARC
ECC issuance
EIA Study Area Inasmuch as the expansion project involves increase in cement production capacity
and quarry extraction capacity, the EPRMP includes principally the extension and
continuation of the original EIA works.
The study is focused on the cumulative impacts of the expansion project principally
on the land, air and water.
The project is within the existing cement manufacturing compound which has been
operated under the existing ECC. Thus, the major modules of this EIA were based
from the miscellaneous EIA-related studies/documents which have been completed
at various time frames and most are updated for this integrated EIA. These include:
A. MMT/MRFC minutes of meeting
B. Compliance Monitoring Reports
C. SDMP Annual Programs
D. Safety and Health Program
E. Disaster Preparedness Plan
F. Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP)
G. Final Mine Rehablitation and Decommissioning Plan (FMRDP)
H. National Greening Program Participation
Based from the Revised Procedural Manual (RPM), the Impact area for the proposed
expansion project are the following:
 Direct Impact Area (DIA) is the projects site itself and the possible air receptor
of the proposed expansion project during the construction phase and operation
phase specifically Sitio Tagbac in Barangay San Jose and Brgy. San Luis
because of the expected air emissions especially particulates from cement and
quarry production.
 Indirect Impact Area (IIA) is the area that can be affected by the transportation
of construction materials during the construction phase and the quarrying and
hauling of raw materials during operations stage.
The Map of the Impact Areas is provided in Figure ES 2.
EIA Provided below is the table on the EIA modules and methodology undertaken for
Methodology the Project.
Module EIA Methodology, sampling, tools

Land
Geology/ Geomorphology Assessment of the compatibility of the proposed project in relation to
Pedology, land use of the LGU if any.

Land Use & Classification

Discussions on impacts/effects of natural hazard on the project.
USLE / similar modeling when applicable.
Terrestrial Biology - To establish baseline,
Wildlife - Use quadrat sampling for flora to cover all land cover types
Terrestrial Biology - - Use transect walk , mist nets, traps, for fauna
Vegetation - show survey locations in a map
Identify and assess specific impacts of the project activities guided by

the following:
1. Habitat loss or degradation – Land clearing, river damming, etc.
that will result in the loss of habitat. Some activities may lead to the
alteration of habitat composition, structure or function. Some habitats,
e.g., wetlands, are critical to ecological processes or endangered
species.
2. Habitat fragmentation – This is the break-up of the natural
landscape into small patches isolated from one another. It affects the
number of species present, movement of species, and transfer of
materials among habitats.
3. Loss of species – Of special interest are the keystone, endangered,
and endemic species.
4. Pollution effects on species – The stressors include dust, noise,
chemical/ petrochemical spills, eroded sediment, increased
temperature, etc.
Relate discussions to estimated GHG emissions and possible carbon

sequestration program/s
Assessment should include comparison of the baseline data (pre -

ECC) with the current monitoring data or current baseline and
discuss where these changes being attribute to)
Water
Water Quality Physico-Chemical characterization of water: Use DENR standard
methods and procedures for sampling and analysis
Air and Noise
Air Quality Used DENR standard methods and procedures for sampling and
analysis.
Heavy metals (baseline and modeling) apply to selected processing

facilities.
Noise Use DENR standard methods and procedures for sampling and
measurement.
Meteorology / Climatology
Air Dispersion Modeling Conducted air dispersion modeling using TIER 3 (included worst
case scenario of failure of APCD)
Socio Economics and People
People Discussed the in-migration patterns as a result of project
implementation
Discussed how the project would affect the delivery of basic

services and may result to resource competition in the area
Socio-economic Socioeconomic data:
 Main sources of Income
 Employment rate/ profile
 sources of livelihood
 commercial establishments and activities
 banking and financial institutions

Public Although the SCC’s operations is being monitored by the already constituted
participation Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) under the Mine Rehabilitation Fund Committee
in the conduct (MRFC), public participation through the following means were also conducted:
of the EIA 1. Public Scoping – 22 February 2016
Study 2. Perception Survey - June 2016
The existing Multi-partite Monitoring Team (MMT) meets regularly to monitor the
Proponnet’s compliances, inform the stakeholders about the project, including its
impacts and benefits and provide them the opportunity to present their issues and
concerns as well as provide their clarification on pertinent matters concerning the
same project. Copy of the latest MMT/MRFC meeting is provided in Annex “E”.
On the other hand, the approved Environmental Protection and Enhancement

Program (EPEP) and the Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan
(FMRDP) of SCC as submitted to the MGB are also being implemented.
CLRF For resource extractive projects where this Project of SCC falls, a financial
Commitments mechanism called Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF) is established
in lieu of the EMF and EGF. This CLRF is an environmental guarantee fund
mechanism that ensures the just and timely compensation for damages and
progressive and suitable rehabilitation for any adverse effect a mining operation or
activity may cause. This fund is further broken down as follows:
 Environmental Trust Fund (ETF) which is divided into Rehabilitation Cash Fund
(RCF) and Monitoring Trust Fund (MTF)
 Mine Rehabilitation Fund (MRF)
 Mine Waste Tailings Reserve Fund (MWTRF) and
 Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Fund (FMRDF)
As of 2nd Quarter of 2016, SCC has maintained the following accounts with
Landbank:
 CLRF Php 5,397,850.51
 MTF 150,000.00
 ETF 50,000.00
For the implementation of the Social Development and Management Program

(SDMP), an SDMP budget was also established by the company and for 2017, the
SDMP budget is PhP8,851,703.51.
EIA Summary
Summary of alternatives considered in terms of siting, technology selection/operation

processes and design
There is no other project alternative considered for the expansion project because the primary
consideration is the proximity of the new plant to the existing cement plant and its facilities. For the
quarry operations, the main consideration is the MPSA area where SCC has authority over the project
area.
Concise integrated summary of the main impacts and residual effects after applying mitigation
The main impact for this project is the generation of dust by the cement plant and the generation of dust
and noise by the quarry activities which can be mitigated as regularly practiced by SCC. More
importantly, among the main impacts of the project is the positive impact of community benefits under
the SDMP, environmental protection under the EPEP and progressive rehabilitation under the FMRDP
which are all religiously being implemented by SCC.

Risks and uncertainties relating to the findings and implications for decision making
Among the risks of the project is 1). air emissions but this is continuously being mitigated using air
pollution control devices such as ESPs and dust mitigation measures and 2). oil spill which SCC has
doubled its mitigation and improved its control systems.
Summary of Baseline Characterization (based on the result of the long term monitoring and
compared with the previous baseline), Key Environmental Impacts and Management &
Monitoring Plan (including assessment of the effectivity of the measures and the propose
changes to consider the expansion), and status of EMF & EGF implementation (including the
proposed changes to include the expansion).
Summary of Key Environmental Impacts and Management & Monitoring Plan

Baseline (including assessment of the effectivity of the measures and the
Characterization proposed changes to consider the expansion)
Land The current land use and classification and the zoning of the area is mining
area. Thus, since the proposed project will be co-located within the existing
Plant site, there will be no impact on the current land use.
The major impact of this proposed project on land is the construction of the
cement manufacturing facility which will include land clearing.
Water The proposed expansion will have very minimal water requirement. The
water is necessary primarily for use in the control of dust emission, fire
fighting, watering and domestic use. Water will be sourced primarily from the
existing deepwells of Solid Cement Corporation which can still accommodate
the Plant’s and its expansion’s requirements.
Water sampling is regularly conducted for Kaynaog upstream and

downstream. Results were assessed against the DENR Standards
prescribed under DAO 2016-08 for Class C waters and results showed that
they are compliant which also showed that the water quality management
measure/water pollution prevention measures are effectively being
implemented such as strict implementation of wastewater management plan.
Monthly monitoring of quality of groundwater and fresh water. Storm runoff
are directed through the siltation pond system. Contaminated rainwater in the
maintenance area are directed to the oil and water separator before
discharged to the drainage system and regular inspection and maintenance
of the siltation ponds are conducted to avoid leakage, which can pollute the
drainage system and water bodies.
The comparison of the results and trending of performance is show

in Annex D.
Air There will be impact on air during the construction of the plant and during
operations because of the expected air emissions especially particulates
from cement manufacturing and quarry operations through its equipment and
vehicles.
Based on the results of the air quality monitoring, the concentrations of NO2,
and SO2 are below the CAA limit of 340 µg/Ncm and 260 µg/Ncm,
respectively in all stations collected on August 2, 2013; June 5, 2013; August
12, 2013; November 19, 2013; February 17, 2014; and May 23, 2014.
However, the TSP concentrations at stations in Day Care Center and Nursery
School collected on November 19, 2013 and February 14, 2014 failed to
meet the CAA limit of 300µg/Ncm for TSP, 200µg/Ncm for PM10, 260µg/Ncm
for NO2, and 340µg/Ncm for SO2, respectively.
People With the construction and operation of the expanded cement production
capacity, no settlers will be affected. Additional employment will be
generated, with preference to qualified local residents. Also, implementation

of the Social Development and Management Program of SCC will continue.

Provided in Annex “F” is the latest status of the SDMP implementation.
In 2007, the city registered a total revenue of ₱993.1 million, an increase of

5.6 percent from the previous fiscal year, in 2010 this amount has grown to
₱1.56 billion. Its proximity to Metro Manila has continuously spurred the
growth of the real estate industry and by 2007, revenue from real property
taxes has ballooned by 32.1 percent from 2006 to ₱146.2 million as there
are also about 456 residential subdivisions in the city.
Over-all, with the expansion project, consumption of the following utilities

will be increased thus contribute to the revenue increase of its suppliers
and ultimately of the national and local governmet:
 Raw Materials
 Fuels
 Power
 Others
Also, because of the expansin project, the following fixed cost of Solid
Cement will increase
 Wages
 Fees
 Hired Manpower
 Maintenance
 Services
 Rentals
 Other Fixed Costs
Summary of Key Environmental Impacts and Management and Monitoring Plan as well as the
plan for the EMF and EGF
Potential cumulative environmental impacts were comprehensively evaluated for the construction and
operation phase of the expansion project/additional facility. Increased emission and dust generation
will be expected because of the expansion project. A more effective dust managemet system will be
implemented such as conversion of the electrostatic precipitator to bag house/filters to improve dust-
capture. This document also ensures that the overall project benefits are optimized and adverse
impacts are minimized. Tables A and B present the impact mitigation matrix for this project as well as
the summary table for the Impact Management and Monitoring Plan (IMMoP).
The CLRF budget will definitely be augmented as prescribed by the Mining Law to include operations
and activities of the cement plant and quarry expansion. This will be submitted and discussed with the
MRFC and CLRFSC.

Table A: Summary of Key Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Plan

Project Phase / Environmental Environmental Potential Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or Enhancement Responsible Cost in PhP Guarantee /
Aspect (Project Activity Which will Component Entry Financial
likely Impact the Environmental Likely to be Arrangements
Component) Affected
I- PRE CONSTRUCTION PHASE Sourcing of equipment and contractors; Securing of approvals like MGB approval for AEPEP, etc.
II- CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Generation of Scraps and  Good housekeeping; sell scraps Proponent 10,000 min Compiance
construction debris and  Manual sweeping with RA 9003
generation of hazardous  Minimal site preparation work because land already
wastes developed
 Disposal and/or use of overburdens
 Securing of hazwaste generator ID
 treatment and disposal with Certificate of Treatment by
DENR-accredited third party treaters
Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Water contamination due to Use of Portable toilets Proponent 5,000 ECC conditions
domestic waste discharges and compliance
Water contamination due to Provision of a Hazardous Waste Area with proper labeling, Proponent No cost because this with the Clean
generation of used oil and oil segregation and storage of wastes is being bought by Water Act
spill DENR accredited
Transport, treatment and disposal by DENR accredited third party
third party contractors contractors
Environmental Aspect # 3 The Air Generation of dust which may  Road water sprinkling Proponent 10,000.00 ECC conditions
pollute the air  Tree nursery and tree planting and compliance
Gas emission from motors/  Proper maintenance of construction equipment and Proponent with the Clean
engine of construction vehicles Air Act and
equipment and vehicles DENR
standards on
Noise  Use of PPE, i.e. ear muffs when needed Proponent noise
 Distance from population
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. People Employment Employment generation Proponent Part of Porject cost Contract
provisions
Increase in taxes, community Coordination with LGU on hiring policy No cost MOA with LGU
programs and increase
economic activity
Immigration/in-migration Local hiring priority policy Part of project cost Contract
provisions
Occupational safety and health  Strict implementation of DOLE DO 13-98 Part of project cost Contract
hazards  Health and safety policies provisions

 Employee safety inspections and toolbox meetings

 Regular APE and use of PPEs
 First aid training
 Provision of ambulance and Clinic
 Provision of Fire Fighting System
II- OPERATION PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Loss of vegetation  Open and unused areas within the project site will be Proponent Part of AEPEP EPEP
Disturbance of wildlife resulting replanted as soon as practicable
in displacement  Development of a carbon sink program and provision of
a nursery for the program
 Revegetation using native or indigenous species
 Retaining existing vegetation not affected by
construction
 Briefing of field personnel for proper and efficient
environmental awareness and education
 Proper segregation and disposal of wastes
 Observance of specific regulations towards prohibition
of hunting and poaching (or support of these activities)
of any present wildlife
 Proper maintenance of vehicles and heavy equipment
including fitting with appropriate mufflers or silencers to
decrease noise levels
Generation of sewage and  Placement of regulations on proper waste disposal Proponent 10,000 Compliance
solid wastes  Provide proper waste disposal facilities and toilet with RA 9003
facilities
 Proper segregation of waste and implementation of 3Rs
(reduce, reuse, recycling)
Fugitive dust resulting from  Regular spraying of water where earthwork activities Proponent
ground clearing operations and are concentrated
structure erection.  Replacement of vegetation in non-structure areas.
 Compacting of exposed soil and immediate hauling of
spoils
 Provision of cover on trucks loaded with quarry
materials
 Impose speed restrictions for trucks
Blasting, loading, Vibration, airblasts, flyrocks  Hiring of competent and well trained personnel Proponent
hauling, crushing,  Implement controlled blasting and personnel
screening of ores evacuation within safety zones during blasting
 Designation of buffer zones
 Regular safety training of workers

 Proper use of PPEs

Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Domestic waste discharges  Use of Portable toilets Proponent 15,000 Agreement with
 Establishment of drainage system contractor
 Establishment of siltation ponds
Water pollution to receiving  Conduct of regular water sampling
bodies of water due to cement  Strict implementation of wastewater management plan.
operations and quarrying  Monthly monitoring of quality of groundwater and fresh
activities water
 Storm runoff are directed through the siltation pond
system
 Contaminated rainwater in the maintenance area are
directed to the oil and water separator before discharge
to the drainage system
 Regular inspection and maintenance of the siltation
ponds to avoid leakage, which can pollute the drainage
system and water bodies.
Water resource use  Identify community’s primary water source and Proponent N.A.
competition/ depletion due to requirements and do not compete with it; secure water
use of river water for make up permit
water
Environmental Aspect # 3 C. Air Fugitive Dusts  Use of dust collectors Proponent 20,000
 Manual sweeping
 Replacement of filter bags
 Enhancement of dust collectors
 Road water sprinkling
 Tree nursery and tree planting
SOx and NOx emissions from Regular maintenance of heavy equipment and motor Proponent
heavy equipment vehicles
Increase in sound levels during  Regular maintenance of motor vehicle Proponent
operations  Use of mufflers
 Provision of barriers and shielding stationary vibrating
equipment
 Provision of ear mufflers to workers
 Proper scheduling of noisy activities during day time
 Inform community when activities will generate
excessive noise
 Use of PPEs
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. The People Benefits Employee benefits Proponent Part of project cost Contract
provisions
II- ABANDONMENT PHASE More detailed plan will be provided in the FMRDP.

A. The Land Solid waste pollution/  Good housekeeping Proponent N.A. N.A.
contamination brought about  Planting of endemic species or reforestation
by scraps and debris from
demolished structures
Contamination due to wastes
and oil spills, Removal of all
equipment, rehabilitation
Change in land form and use  Turn-over of the facilities which can still be used by the Proponent
new project especially drainage system and rain
collection
 Implementation of final land use as described in the
FMRDP which may be an agroforest area
C. Air Generation of dusts from Sprinkling of water Proponent
Generation of noise from No population center at construction sites Proponent
structures being demolished
Grading, drainage and slope  Sprinkling of water Proponent
stabilization works including  Soil Conditioning
levelling of sediment trap and  Planting of endemic species or reforestation
settling ponds
D. The People Loss of Jobs  Payment of legal social benefits Proponent
 Retrenchment package
 Labor support programs
Loss of community income Sustaining alternative livelihood programs granted by
Proponent
Health data of employees and Recording based on annual physical checkup of Proponent
communities employees and data from Rural Health Units for the
community

Table B. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) with ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE LEVELS (EQPLs
Lead Annual EQPL MANAGEMENT SCHEME
Frequency Location
Person Estimated Cost
Potential Parameter
Key Environmental Aspects EQPL RANGE MANAGEMENT MEASURE
Impacts Per to be Method
per Project Phase
Envit’l Sector Monitored
ALERT ACTION LIMIT ALERT ACTION LIMIT
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
I.
PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Nil
B. The People Employment Visual Proponent Part of
generation construction
Environmental Aspect # 4 cost; implement
minimum wage
law
II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Increased Silts in Visual/Observation Quarterly Cement Proponent 15,000 Partly Immediat Sediment Clogged IEC Regular
sediment drainage plant Mill contaminate e clean- deposition drainage coordinati
Environmental Aspect # 1: The deposition system area d up on with
Land: stakehold
Land clearing ers thru
regular
IEC
Soil Contaminate Visual and TCPL Quarterly Working Proponent 15,000 Coordinat
contamination d areas e with the
fromhaz and soil/presence garbage
Ensure
chemical wastes of VOCs, Regular hauler
regular Presence of
(used oil / BTE (oil garbage immediat IEC
garbage Complaints
pollution) parameter) collection e
collection
collection Regular
of coordinati
Environmental Aspect # 1: The garbage on with
Land – solid wastes/garbage Generation of Sludge Presence of Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Septic tank stakehold
Ensure
accumulation sludge from sludge/Visual areas desludging ers thru
1 pale 1 drum regular IEC
septage Presence of regular
desludging
Complaints IEC
Contamination Heavy TCLP/AAS Annually Area near PCO 50,000 Increased
and improper metals hazwaste mitigation
management storage Regular for Presence of
IEC
of hazardous desilting hazwaste Complaints
waste managem
materials, e.g. ent


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
transformer oil
spill
Water BOD5 Azide Modification- Quarterly Downstream Project 7,000
pollution from Dilution Technique / Per Proponent
used oil (USEPA method DAO Monitoring
3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
Presence of Review Check
Environmental Aspect # 2: The 7 maintenance
Effluents complaints performance WWTF
Water - Use, operation and of WWTF
From
Maintenance of heavy equipment
Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Multiple tube Quarterly Ground Project 10,000 3000
Coliform Fermentation – Proponent 4000 5000
Method 9221B&E
Fecal Multiple tube Quarterly Existing Project 100
Coliform Fermentation – stations Proponent 150 200
Method 9221B&E
Total Gravimetric (Dried at Quarterly Existing Project
Suspended 103-105o C) (USEPA stations Proponent 150 Review Check
100 120
Solids method 3010) performance WWTF
(TSS)
pH pH probe(USEPA Quarterly Existing Project
method 3010) stations Proponent
By electrode Review Check
5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Noise Sound Sound Quarterly Noise Proponent 5,000 Recorded Multiple Multiple Corrective Identificati Detailed
levels/noise measurements Sensitive complain recorded recorded action on the on of the evaluation of
using handheld Receptor complains complains identified source of noise
sound meter Areas from the from the source of noise exceedance if
identified receptor receptor noise any
during areas areas Check
baseline Conduct buffer
monitoring zones and
after source noise
Environmental Aspect # 3: The identification attenuatio
Air –Operation of equipment and n
vehicles measures
Conduct
noise
modeling
Air pollution TSP (S)24 hr High Quarterly Constructio Proponent 100,000.00 400 ug/Ncm 500 600 ug/Ncm Check Stop
from Volume n site through PCO; ug/Ncm APCD operation
construction MMT
vehicles and (A)Gravimetric
equipments USEPA 40 CFR,
Part 50
SO2 (S)24 hr Gas Part of 126 144 180 -do-
Bubbler Operating Cost
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
NO2 S)24 hr Gas Part of 105 120 150 -do-
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
Traffic Traffic Visual: Number of Daily Access Project Part of the Review
Increased Unresolved
Environmental Aspect # 4: The congestion condition / vehicles per report of Road Proponent Proponent’s Half fullor 1 traffic
deployme recurring
People Road Receiving Clerk responsibilities hour traffic managem
nt of traffic jam
Accessibility ent plan


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Representation with traffic

the LGU regarding enforcers
road network and its
infrastructure plans
Traffic Impact
Assessment
Accidents Incident Records from Clinics Monthly NA Health and
reports Safety Records Safety
Loss time
5 10 No loss time injury
injury
Monitoring of use of
PPEs
Land: stakehold
regular
IEC
Ensure
regular Presence of
garbage Complaints
collection Regular
collection
coordinati
of
Environmental Aspect # 1: The on with
garbage
Land – solid wastes/garbage stakehold
Generation of Sludge Presence of Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Septic tank
accumulation Ensure ers thru
sludge from sludge/Visual areas desludging
1 pale 1 drum regular IEC regular
septage Presence of
desludging IEC
Complaints
Contamination Heavy TCLP/AAS Annually Area near PCO 50,000
Increased
and improper metals hazwaste
Regular mitigation Presence of
management storage IEC
desilting for Complaints
of hazardous
hazwaste
waste


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
materials, e.g. managem

transformer oil ent
spill
3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
From
Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Multiple tube Quarterly Groundwater Project 10,000 3000
Coliform Fermentation – Proponent 4000 5000
Method 9221B&E
Method 9221B&E
100 120
(TSS)
5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
after source noise
vehicles measures
Conduct
noise
modeling
construction MMT
Part 50
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
deployme recurring
nt of traffic jam


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

Traffic Impact
Assessment
Loss time
injury
PPEs
Land: stakehold
regular
IEC
Ensure
regular Presence of
garbage Complaints
collection Regular
collection
coordinati
of
Environmental Aspect # 1: The on with
garbage
Land – solid wastes/garbage stakehold
Generation of Sludge Presence of Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Septic tank
accumulation Ensure ers thru
sludge from sludge/Visual areas desludging
1 pale 1 drum regular IEC regular
septage Presence of
desludging IEC
Complaints
Increased
and improper metals hazwaste
Regular mitigation Presence of
management storage IEC
desilting for Complaints
of hazardous
hazwaste
waste


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

transformer oil ent
spill
3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
From
Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Multiple tube Quarterly Ground- Project 10,000 3000
Coliform Fermentation – water Proponent 4000 5000
Method 9221B&E
Method 9221B&E
100 120
(TSS)
5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
after source noise
vehicles measures
Conduct
noise
modeling
construction MMT
Part 50
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
deployme recurring
nt of traffic jam


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

Traffic Impact
Assessment
Loss time
injury
PPEs
III. OPERATIONS PHASE
A. The Land: Soil Scraps and debris Observati Quarterly Working Proponent 15,000
Soil wastes contamination / on areas
pollution
Generation Sludge Septic Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Coordinate
Environmental Aspect # 1 Presence
of sludge tank areas Irregular with the Ensure
of
from desludgin desludgin garbage regular IEC
Complaint
septage g g desludging desludging
s
company
and improper metals hazwaste Increased
management storage mitigation
Visual
of hazardous for Presence of
observation of IEC
waste hazwaste Complaints
silt deposition
transformer oil ent
spill
B. The Water BOD, COD, Laboratory Quarterly Existing Proponent 30,000/monitorin Exceedance  BOD=45  BOD=55m Inspection of Correctiv Stoppage
pH, DO, Oil analysis stations g period from the mg/L g/L Activities e action
and grease, baseline  pH  pH on the
fecal and  COD  COD identified
Environmental Aspect # 2 total coliform, source of
 DO  DO
TSS: impact  Oil and  Oil and water
to water grease=4 grease=5 impact
quality mg/L mg/L


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
 TSS=50  TSS=70mg
mg/L /L
 Fecal and Fecal and
total total
coliform= coliform=10
8,000MP ,000MPN/1,
N/1,000m 000ml
l
C. The Air Dust  Manual sweeping Quarterly Part of Proponent 50,000 / Noticeable For Exceedanc Identification Correctiv Stoppage
 Replacement of EPEP monitoring dust sampling e from the of the e action
filter bags Cost period and testing baseline source of on the
 Enhancement of to verify dust identified
dust collectors results. source of
Environmental Aspect # 3 dust
 Road water
sprinkling Monitoring of
 Maintenance of Sources and
tree nursery and Control of pH
tree planting from sources
Noise Sound 24 hr sound Quarterly Existing Proponent Recorded Multiple Multiple Identification Correctiv Detailed
generation in levels measurements stations complain recorded recorded of the source e action evaluation
receptor areas using handheld complains complains of noise on the of noise
sound meter from the from the identified exceedanc
receptor receptor Check buffer source of e if any
areas areas zones and noise
noise
attenuation Conduct
measures monitorin
g after
Conduct noise source
modeling identifica
tion
Environmental Aspect # 3: The Air – (S1-hr & )24 Quarterly Area Proponent 100,000.00 400 ug/Ncm 500 ug/Ncm 600  Identify Check Stop Environment
Ambient air hr High Sensitive through ug/Ncm APCD operation al Aspect # 3:
plant operation possible
pollution: Volume Receptors as PCO; MMT  Investigate if the
sources The Air –
Increase in provided in including and conduct cause of plant
dust (A)Gravimet he baseline exceeda operation
site visit
generation, ric USEPA in the EIS nce is
and


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Increase in 40 CFR, external retesting at from the

exhaust or Part 50 factor the furnace
SOx and NOx  Check sampling operation
emission status of station.
TSP furnace for  Inform MMT
any upset if the
operating investion
parameters found that
and have it the source
adjusted as of
needed exceedance
is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
SO2 (S)24 hr Part of 126 144 180 -do- -do- -do-
Gas Bubbler Operating
(A) Cost
Pararosanili
ne Method
(West and
Gaeke
Method)
NO2 S)24 hr Gas Part of 105 120 150 -do- -do- -do-
Bubbler Operating
(A) Griess- Cost
Saltzman or
Chemi
luminescenc
e Method


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
PM10 (S)24 hr Part of Check APCD Stop

High Operating Conduct operation
Volume Cost adjustment of until the
70% of the CAA 90% of
80% of the the unit’s problem
limit (absolute the CAA
(A)Gravimet CAA limit operation as has been
value) limit
ric USEPA per operating resolved.
40 CFR, manual.
Part 50
(S1-hr & )24 Quarterly Area Proponent 100,000.00 400 ug/Ncm 500 ug/Ncm 600  Identify Check Stop
hr High Sensitive through ug/Ncm possible APCD operation
Volume Receptors as PCO; MMT sources  Investigate if the
provided in including and conduct cause of
(A)Gravimet he baseline external site visit exceeda
ric USEPA in the EIS factor and nce is Environment
40 CFR, retesting at from the al Aspect # 3:
 Check
Ambient air Part 50 the furnace The Air –
status of operation
Environmental Aspect # 3: The Air – pollution: furnace for sampling plant
plant operation Increase in any upset station. operation
dust  Inform MMT
operating
generation, if the
parameters
Increase in
and have it investion
exhaust or
adjusted as found that
SOx and NOx
emission needed the source
TSP of
exceedance
is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
Cost


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
(A)
Pararosanili
ne Method
(West and
Gaeke
Method)
CO2, CH4, Implementation of Reforestation Proponent Part of Operating  Identify Check Stop
and N2O Reforestation and areas Cost possible APCD operation
Emissions Carbon-Sink / sources  Investigate if the
based on greenhouse gas including and cause of
IPCC 2006 reduction program external conduct site exceedan
Guidelines factor visit and ce is from
and USEPA retesting at the
 Check
Procedure the furnace
status of operation
furnace for sampling
any upset station.
operating  Inform
Environmental Aspect # 3: The parameters MMT if the
Greenhouse
Air – Operation of Cement plant and have it investion
gas emission
Mill adjusted as found that
needed the source
of
exceedanc
e is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
D. The People SDP Meetings Quarterly Proponent and Part of SDMP Complains Check Updating of Complains Check Updating
LGU Cost from host SDMP SDMP from host SDMP of SDMP
Environmental Aspect # 4 community/i implement community/i implem
es ation es entatio
n


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
IV. ABANDONMENT PHASE

Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Tree Proponent Part of FMRDP Implementation of FMRDP and appropriate planting and replanting measures
Planting
Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Based on Based on ESA Proponent 30,000 Based on ESA recommendations Based on ESA recommendations
Environmental Aspect # 3 C. The Air the results recommendations thru MEPEO;
of MMT
Environmen
tal Site
Assessment
(ESA) that
will be
conducted
prior to
abandonme
nt
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. The People Social Plan Separation Proponent Part of FMRDP Demands Check Check Demands Check Check
package Cost from awarding of separation from awarding separation
workers separation package workers of package
packages provisions separatio provisions
n
packages
The EMoP will be subject to the requirements of and agreements with the operational requirements of the MMT. The existing MMT covers the entire project
and may be modified to include additional operational capacity of SCC.

Figure ES1: Project Site Location (clearer and bigger map atached in hard file)

Figure ES2: Map of the Impact Areas
1. Direct Impact Area - The Project site itself, i.e. Sitio Tagbac of Brgy. San Jose and Brgy. San Luis
and the posible air receptor within 1 km due to the expected air emissions from the existing cement
complex including the access road immediately adjacent to the site.
Based from air quality monitoring results, SCC was able to maintain and regulate pollutant
measurements because of the existing environmental safeguards that SCC has faithfully established.
2. Indirect Impact Area – the hauling route of during construction and operation phase and the
community at the periphery of the project site which are the beneficiaries of the Social Development
and Management Program (SDMP).
Provided in Figure ES3 is the Site Development Plant for the Cement Manufacturing Expansion while
Figure ES4 is the Mine Development Plan for the Quarry Expansion.
Shown in Figure ES4 is the relative location of Patents 9,11,12 and 14 which Patents are among the
sources of raw materials for the cement manufacturing expansion project.


Figure ES3: Site Development Plant for the Cement Manufacturing Expansion (clearer and bigger map atached in hard file)

Figure ES4: Mine Development Plan for the Quarry Expansion

Looking South Looking North
Looking East Looking West
Figure ES5: Collage of photos or plates of proposed project site

SECTION I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Information
Provided below is the basic information on the project and project proponent.
Table 1.1: Basic information about the Project and Project Proponent
Official Name of Cement Manufacturing Expansion Project
the Project
Project Solid Cement Corporation (SCC). Copy of SEC Registration is provided in
Proponent Annex “A”.
Project Site The Project, which is estimated to occupy 30 hectares for the cement plant
Location and expansion shall be located within the present 64.5 hectares cement plant complex
total land area of SCC while the quarry expansion area shall cover an area of about 80 hectares.
The expansion is confined within Sitio Tagbak, Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City.
The project is bounded by the following coordinates:
Cement Complex Site Geographical Coordinates of the Farthest Corners of

the Project Site:
Quarry Area:

Area = 46.5138 Has.
MPSA 124 COORDINATES
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
1 14 34 57.82 121 12 39.14
2 14 34 59.33 121 12 39.9
3 14 35 0.36 121 12 40.15
4 14 35 2.27 121 12 41.17
5 14 35 6.71 121 12 39.53
6 14 35 14.44 121 12 39.82
7 14 35 17.26 121 12 39.34
8 14 35 16.98 121 12 51.33
9 14 35 15.76 121 12 51.71
10 14 35 15.31 121 12 51.6
11 14 35 13.52 121 12 51.94
12 14 35 13.71 121 12 52.69
13 14 35 10.01 121 12 54.48
14 14 34 57.1 121 12 57.36
15 14 34 49.07 121 13 1.69

16 14 34 39.7 121 12 47.56

17 14 34 45.39 121 12 46
18 14 34 49.15 121 12 45.18
19 14 34 53.86 121 12 43.48

70.98 Has.
MPSA 116 COORDINATES
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
1 14 36 46.8 121 12 52
2 14 37 0 121 12 52
3 14 37 0 121 13 18.7
4 14 36 50.6 121 13 24
5 14 36 45.7 121 13 13.6
6 14 36 33.2 121 13 18.4
7 14 36 33.5 121 13 27.8
8 14 36 28.3 121 13 27.8
9 14 36 25.8 121 13 30
10 14 36 1.7 121 13 30
11 14 36 1.7 121 13 36.4
12 14 35 51.28 121 13 36.4
13 14 35 47.6 121 13 30
14 14 36 1.7 121 13 22.95
15 14 36 26 121 13 16.8
16 14 36 26 121 13 6.19
17 14 36 46.8 121 13 6.19
The site can be reached from Manila by land via Ortigas Extension, passing
through the Kaytikling Road which is the main artery road of the Cainta-Taytay,
and Antipolo, Rizal provinces. The total distance from Manila to the Project site is
approximately 33 kilometers with a travel time of 1 to 1.5 hours.
Project Status The existing ECCs of Solid Cement Corporation enumerated in page 1-1 will be
amended to include the proposed Cement Manufacturing and Quarry Expansion
Project.
Project Capacity Provided below is the project’s capacity per major component:
4. Increase of extraction rate of Limestone, Diorite and Dacite mining from 9,500
Mt/day to 19,000 Mt/day;
5. Increase in cement production capacity from 1.8MMTPY to a total capacity of
4.5MTPY of Cement; and
6. Increase in AFR substitution from 50% to 80% rate of substitution.
Project Duration Construction timetable is expected / projected to commence as soon as the ECC
and Schedule has been secured and is estimated to be completed in 30 months.
Manpower During construction, we estimate a manpower requirement of up to 707

workers during construction stage. During operations, existing manpower
will be tapped but an aAdditional 275 will be hired.

Project Cost Two Hundred Twenty-Five Million United States Dollars (US$225M), which
considering an exchange rate of 50Php/US$ is equal to Eleven Billion Two
Hundred Fifty Million Philippine Pesos (Php11.25B).
Project Engr. Normandy A. Chan

Proponent Plant Director- SOLID Plant - Operations - Philippines
Contact Person Address: SOLID Cement Corporation Sitio Tagbac, Brgy San Jose
and Contact Antipolo City, Philippines 1870
Details e-Mail: normandy.chan@cemex.com
Engr. Alberto A. Afable
Technical and Operations Support Manager
CEMEX Asia Pte. Ltd. Phil Headquarters
Address: 8th Flr., Petron Megaplaza Bldg.,
Senator Gil Puyat Ave., Makati City, Philippines 1200
e-Mail: alberto.afable@cemex.com
1.1 Project Location
1.1.1 Project Location and Area

The proposed expansion of Cement Manufacturing and Quarry Operations Project is estimated to occupy
an area of approximately 30 hectares that will be co-located within the existing 64.5 hectares cement plat
complex of Solid Cement Corporation situated in Sitio Tagbak, Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City.
Following data are maps showing Sitio, Barangay, City, Province, Region Boundaries, Vicinity, proposed
buffers surrounding the area and Primary and Secondary Impact Areas.
 Figure 1.1: Location Map
 Figure 1.2: Map showing the site and the distant community
 Figure 1.3: Aerial Photo of the Project Site
The site can be reached from Manila by land via Ortigas Extension, passing through the Kaytikling Road
which is the main artery road of the Cainta-Taytay, and Antipolo, Rizal provinces. The total distance from
Manila to the Project site is approximately 33 kilometers with a travel time of 1 to 1.5 hours.
Another route option is thru Marcos Highway to Cogeo and the 4- kilometer road leading to the entrance
gate at the back of the Cement plant.
ECA Category
The project will be located in an Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) inasmuch as it will be co-located in
the same land already occupied by the existing cement manufacturing plant.
Shown in Figure 1.2 is the map showing the political boundaries in relation to the project site.

Figure 1.1: Location Map (clearer and bigger map atached in hard file)

Figure 1.2: Map Showing the Project Site and the Distant Community in a NAMRIA Map
(Original Scale 1:50,000)

Figure 1.3: Aerial Photo of the Project Site
From the above maps, it can be seen that the City of Antipolo has the political jurisdiction of the
project.
1.1.2 Geographical Coordinates of Project Area

Provided below is the coordinates of the project area:
Table 1.1.2A: Cement Complex Site Geographical Coordinates of the Farthest Corners of the Project Site

Quarry Area:

Area = 46.5138 Has.
Table 1.1.2B1: MPSA 124 Coordinates
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
1 14 34 57.82 121 12 39.14
2 14 34 59.33 121 12 39.9
3 14 35 0.36 121 12 40.15
4 14 35 2.27 121 12 41.17
5 14 35 6.71 121 12 39.53
6 14 35 14.44 121 12 39.82
7 14 35 17.26 121 12 39.34
8 14 35 16.98 121 12 51.33
9 14 35 15.76 121 12 51.71
10 14 35 15.31 121 12 51.6
11 14 35 13.52 121 12 51.94
12 14 35 13.71 121 12 52.69
13 14 35 10.01 121 12 54.48
14 14 34 57.1 121 12 57.36
15 14 34 49.07 121 13 1.69
16 14 34 39.7 121 12 47.56
17 14 34 45.39 121 12 46
18 14 34 49.15 121 12 45.18
19 14 34 53.86 121 12 43.48

70.98 Has.
Table 1.1.2B2: MPSA 116 Coordinates
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
1 14 36 46.8 121 12 52
2 14 37 0 121 12 52
3 14 37 0 121 13 18.7
4 14 36 50.6 121 13 24
5 14 36 45.7 121 13 13.6
6 14 36 33.2 121 13 18.4
7 14 36 33.5 121 13 27.8
8 14 36 28.3 121 13 27.8
9 14 36 25.8 121 13 30
10 14 36 1.7 121 13 30
11 14 36 1.7 121 13 36.4
12 14 35 51.28 121 13 36.4
13 14 35 47.6 121 13 30

14 14 36 1.7 121 13 22.95

15 14 36 26 121 13 16.8
16 14 36 26 121 13 6.19
17 14 36 46.8 121 13 6.19
1.1.3 Vicinity and Accessibility of the Project Site

The site can be reached from Manila by land via Ortigas Extension, passing through the Kaytikling Road
which is the main artery road of the Cainta-Taytay, and Antipolo, Rizal province. The total distance from
Manila to the Project site is approximately 33 kilometers with a travel time of 1 to 1.5 hours.
Another route option is thru Marcos Highway to Cogeo and the 4- kilometer road leading to the entrance
gate at the back of the Cement plant. Shown in Figure 1.4 is the road network map to and from the project
site.
Rationale for Selection of Primary & Secondary Impact Areas
The guidelines provided by the Revised Procedural Manual relevant to this project are used for the
delineation of the DIA and IIA:
a) Direct impactarea (DIA) is the area where ALL project facilities are proposed to be constructed/situated
and where all operations are proposed to be undertaken. For most projects, the DIA is equivalent to the
total area applied for an ECC and the source of water that will be used for the project operations.
b) Indirect
Impact Area (IIA) is an area which can be the stretch of the river/s OUTSIDE the project area
but draining the project site which can potentially transport Total Suspended Solids and other
discharges from the project towards downstream communities.
On the basis of the foregoing guidelines, impacts areas were delineated as follows:
1. Direct Impact Area - The Project site itself, i.e. Sitio Tagbac of Brgy. San Jose and Brgy. San Luis and
the posible air receptor within 1 km due to the expected air emissions from the existing cement complex
including the access road immediately adjacent to the site.
Based from air quality monitoring results, SCC was able to maintain and regulate pollutant measurements
because of the existing environmental safeguards that SCC has faithfully established.
2. Indirect Impact Area – the hauling route of during construction and operation phase and the community
at the periphery of the project site which are the beneficiaries of the Social Development and Management
Program (SDMP).
The map of the DIA and IIA overlaid in the official NAMRIA Topographic map is shown in Figure 1.5.

Figure 1.4: Road Network Map

Legend:
Impact area
Figure 1.5: Map of the Impact Areas
1.2 Project Rationale
1.2.1 Need for the project based on national and local economic development and in terms of
contribution to sustainable development agenda or current development thrusts of the
Philippines
The expansion project will be undertaken to address the demand for cement, particularly in the Metro
Manila & the surrounding regions, and to supply the need for raw materials for cement for Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) projects and to support the growing strong demand for construction materials is
consistently increasing and is projected to grow until 2030.
The project is expected to contribute more to the national/regional and local economic development with
social benefits to the host Barangay and City, an essential driving force to the national economic growth
that promotes sustainable development
1.3 Project Alternatives

Following factors are the rationale for the selection of the site and the justification why there are no other
sites feasible:
 The project area is the exact location of the proposed expansion project where the new cement line
will be constructed;
 The project area is owned by the Proponent; and
 The same technical, commercial and social & natural environmental aspects are involved in the
expansion project.

1.3.1 Alternatives and Criteria for the Mining Method and Technology Selection for the Mineral
Processing, Alternative and Criteria for Methods of Tailings and Mine Supporting Resources
Selection
Constraints for project alternatives are influenced by the location of the project site. The location of the
project site was specifically identified to maximize the area for cement manufacturing. Also, the following
criteria were also considered:
 Distance to residents thru provision of buffer distances between cement manufacturing facilities,
activities and the boundary, to limit potential impacts on neighboring residential areas.
 Provision for sufficient safe distances for the development and operation of the equipment for site
development and civil works;
 The basis for technology selection is the efficiency of the technology to produce the target
production rate at the equipment’s rated capacity.
 Topography of the project site
Project implementation will result in actual physical disturbance of the land. These physical disturbances
are inherent and principally required for projects like this. To address these physical disturbances,
rehabilitation and closure strategies have been integral part of the project design. A Conceptual and
Rehabilitation and Mine closure Plan will be developed as part of the bigger ECC application that will be
filed later at the EMB Central Office which is consistent with relevant Philippine regulatory requirements
and the proponent’s corporate standards. These corporate standards requires international standards
to be considered, where relevant.
1.3.2 No Project Option

If the project will not proceed, there will be no additional disturbance to the environment. The ‘no project’
option must be weighed against the economic benefit that the project would bring to
the host barangays and to the national and regional economies. The economic benefits
that would be derived from the project are:
 Potential to create up to 2,000 jobs during the construction phase;
 Local taxes include the local distribution of real property taxes and local business tax;
 Capital investment;
 Contribution to the combined Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) for Region IVA;
 The overall impact of these economic contributors from the project to the national economy will be
added to the annual GDP.
If the project will not proceed, the above benefits will not materialize.
It is noted that the comparison is made with the original project and not with other alternative site options
because as explained, there are no viable other alternative sites.
1.3.3 Reasons for selecting the preferred options delineated in terms of technical, commercial,
social and natural environmental
Following factors are the rationale for the selection of the site and the justification why there are no other
sites feasible:
 Project will be located within the cement plant complex and quarry areas of SCC;
 Accessibility of the area to the market where there is demand for the product;
 Availability of raw materials and existence of relevant license; and
 Familiarity with the impact areas such that the potential impacts of the Project is easily identifiable, it
being similar to the original project, which will simply be expanded within the existing cement complex
of Solid Cement Corporation.
 The same technical, commercial and social & natural environmental aspects are involved in the
expansion project.
1.3.4 Summary of the comparative environmental impacts of each alternative

With the choiseof locating the expansion project within the exisiting cement plant complex as for the
cement manufacturing and within the MPSA area as for the quarrying, following are the environmental
impacts:
 Because of proximity, there are savings on green house gas emission and not much increase
in dust generation

 Continuity of SDMP for the host and neighboring barangays
Provided in Table 1.1 is the comparison of impacts from the existing and the proposed development and
not the alternatives considered.
Table 1.3.4.1: Summary Matrix of Comparative Environmental Impacts of the Existing and
Proposed Expansion
Environmental Safeguards Original Project Expansion Project
and Management (Existing) (Proposed)
Monitoring of Ambient Air On a Quarterly basis as committed & part of the EMP Same
Quality
Noise Level Monitoring Part of the internal facility inspection & monitoring Same
Water Quality Monitoring Conducted by a 3rd Party Service provider on a quarterly Same
basis
Solid Waste Management Waste segregation (biodegradable, non-biodegradable Same
Program and hazardous) from the source. Recyclable materials are
identified and segregated and sold to scrap buyer.
Residual waste are contained on specific bins and

collected by the barangay garbage collector. These are
transported at the municipality’s recovery facility and
ground to include on the manufacturing of decorative
bricks and hollow blocks.
Hazardous waste is properly contained. Used oil, bunker

fuel oil sludge, busted bulbs and expired chemicals are
used for the existing AFR facilities & the rest are collected
and transported by DENR accredited transporter and
treated with compliance to RA 6969.
1.4 Project Component
1.4.1 Major Components

Shown in Table 1.4.1 is the comparative tabulation of the project components of the existing and
expansion project.
Table 1.4.1: Comparative tabulation of the project components of the existing and expansion project
EXPANSION PROJECT COMPARATIVE TABULATION
MAJOR EQUIPMENT EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL MAJOR

TOTAL
DESCRIPTION PLANT EXPANSION COMPONENT
To be used as
To be used as pozzolana
Limestone Crusher 1 400 MTPH pozzolana
crusher 2
crusher 2
Limestone Crusher 2 1,100 MTPH 1,100 MTPH 1,100 MTPH
Pozzolana Crusher 1 250 MTPH 250 TPH 250 MTPH
Formerly
Pozzolana Crusher 2 Limestone 400 TPH 400 TPH 400 MTPH
Crusher 1
9500
Extraction Rate 9500 MTPD 19000 MTPD 19000 MTPD
MTPD
560 MTPH

23,250
Homogenization Silo 1 METRIC 23,250 METRIC TONS
TONS 40,250 METRIC TONS
17,000
Homogenization Silo 2 17,000 METRIC TONS
METRIC TONS
3,800
Kiln 3 3,800 MTPD
MTPD 7,300 MTPD
54 MTPH
70,000
Clinker Storage METRIC 70,000 METRIC TONS
TONS 120,000 METRIC TONS
50,000
Clinker Silo 50,000 METRIC TONS
METRIC TONS
Cement Mill 1 60 MTPH
Cement Mill 2 60MTPH 240 MTPH
450 MTPH
Cement Mill 3 120 MTPH
Vertical Cement Mill 4 210 MTPH 210 MTPH
8 x 1,500
2 x 5,000
Cement Silos METRIC 22,000 METRIC TONS 22,000 METRIC TONS
METRIC TONS
TONS
Tuff Dryer 60 MTPH 60 MTPH 60 MTPH
2 x 60
Bulk Dispatch 2x 250 MTPH 620 MTPH 620 MTPH
MTPH
4 x 90
Bagging System 2 x120 MTPH 600 MTPH 600 MTPH
MTPH
Power Plant 3 x 5.3MW 1 x 10MW 25.9 MW 25.9 MW
24MW
33.4 MW
Connected Load @34.5KV 57.4 MW 57.4 MW
@115KV Line
Line
Water source from River 60,000 60,000
120,000 m3/month 120,000 m3/month
& Deep Wells m3/month m3/month
158,000
50,000
Raw material storage METRIC 208,000 METRIC TONS 208,000 METRIC TONS
METRIC TONS
TONS
90,000
Coal storage METRIC 90,000 METRIC TONS 90,000 METRIC TONS
TONS
Note: The existing Limestone Crusher 1 highlighted in yellow will be used as Pozzolan Crusher 2 also highlighted in
yellow. A New Limestone Crusher with Capacity of 1,100 MTPH will then be installed.
The new integrated and complete cement plant will make use of the existing infrastructure at the cement
plant such as roads and perimeter fence, available clear spaces, shall connect to existing water
distribution, compressed air lines, and the use the area where existing electrical distribution systems are
in place but will require upgrading to 115KV transmission system as provided in the tabulation above.
1.4.2 Support Facilities (i.e. energy/power generating facility, water supply system)
POWER
The power requirement of the new line is 33.5MW and the current line is 24 MW. The main source of
power is MERALCO. The 6MW power from Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) Facility is another power source
internally generated from the process. In case of power outages, Solid Cement Corporation has 12.72

MW output standby power generators that are readily available for use during NPC emergency power
shutdown. A 10 MW output genset will be provided as standby power source for the expansion.
Provided below are the support facilities for the project.
Table 1.4.2: Support Facilities

Components Existing Proposed Expansion
RATES ESTIMATED AREA
(in m2/has) ESTIMATED AREA
RATES (in has)
Power from Waste Heat
Recovery 6 MW 6MW
Power Plant Generating Sets 12.72 MW 11,744 m2 10 MW existing powerplant to
and Auxiliaries be expanded to house
the additional genset
Utility and Auxiliaries 24 MW N/A 33.4 MW N/A
Substation and auxiliaries 55 MW 0.5 hectare 51MW 0.4 hectare
2 X25/30 MVA
45 XP and 46 XP 5,000 m2 Transformer 3,596 m2
Transmission line and
auxiliaries 34 kV 115 kV
This existing 34.5

kV line will migrate
to 115 kV by 2019.
30 meters 4km
Air Compressor and Centralized compressor
auxiliaries Total of Four (4) Units: room
6517 cu ft/ min · Old
broken down as Compressor
follows: Room(.05Hec) (0.5 Hec)
1449+ cu ft/min · Packhouse
960+ cu ft/min (0.06Hec)
· Kiln
2297+ cu ft/min (0.03Hec) Compressor
· Conditioni room 6
ng Tower units,6000 cu
1811 cu ft/min (0.01Hec) ft/min 924 m2
Power Plant Oil and Fuel 1 X BFO Tank 500 m2
Tanks 220,000Liters,1 X
BFO Tank
110,000Liters,2 X
Diesel Tank
15,000Liters each,4
X Oil Tanks 15,000
Liters each,2
Xsludge Tanks
15,000 Liters each
Electrical Buildings Powerhouse,Switch 4,700 m2 Electrical rooms 3,066 m2
gear and for Offices
Transformer Laboratory,,Cru
yard,Preheater,VR sher,Vertical
M MCC/ACC,EP Raw
Preheater MCC,PH Mill,Kiln,Cooler
Fan VFD and Preheater
MCC,Emergency tower,Cement
Genset room,RDF Mill,Bagging
Control Plant,Coal

room,Cooler and Mill,Main

Kiln Substation and
MCC/ACC,Central other auxilliaries
control
room,Reclaimer
MCC,Packhouse
MCC,Crusher
MCC,Finish Mill
1,2,3 MCC and
cotrol room
Fuelling Station and 4 X 15,000Liters
various Lubricant Storage Fuel Tanks
areas ,locations inside the
Plant
Logistics field offices,
Drivers lounge and Loading Several locations Additional for
platforms for trucks New Line
Recovery of waste heat from thru hot gas ducts thru hot gas
the kiln and clinker cooler to conveying systems ducts conveying
generate electricity and for systems
drying of Raw Materials in the
cement Mill and Dryer.
Inner Roads, Bridges and Existing 40,842 m2 New Roads and Preliminary @ 24,041
drainage system Bridges m2 and may change
accordingly after the
Traffic simulation study.
Alternative fuel substitution 50% to 80% for the 80% for the new
existing kiln kiln
Alternative raw materials 30% to 60% for the 60% for the new
substitution existing kiln kiln
Parking spaces for existing 30,000 m2 30,000 m2
and New Line.
Temporary offices and 925 m2
installations for Contractors
Temporary laydown area for For use by
Contractors as indicated on contracotrs for
the plant General layout assembly and
labelled 2,3,4,5. construction
equipment
storages
Various Mobile Equipment for Frontloaders,Dumpt Additional
Quarrying operation rucks,Bulldozers,Tr Mobile
ack equipment for
Drills,Backhoe,Boul quarry
der Breaker, operations
Compressors
Perimeter fence surrounding The whole complex Estimated total The whole Estimated total area 70
the entire industrial plant, are formed by area 70 hectares complex are hectares
offices, schools and housing Industrial plant, formed by
area various buildings Industrial plant,
and housing area. various
buildings and
housing area.
Others In as much as it is Please refer to
the objective of the notes as
List to present the indicated at the
existing and new beginning of the
line as complete as Major
possible for component list

purposes of
consolidating and
integrating all the
ECCs, there is a
long list of
equipment
associated with the
complete
installations of the
plant that were not
mentioned on the
list and are
represented as part
of the auxiliary
component of the
industrial plant.
Additional
references are
required in
validating the list
such as the Plant
general layout,
detailed
engineering
drawings, Technical
specifications and
manuals, process
flow diagrams that
include all the
component of the
entire Industrial
complex and shall
be provided as part
of the EPRMP.
Anything not
covered by the list
can be referred to
the mentioned
references which
will be made
available upon
request.
WATER
Existing water utilities shall be continuously utilized because the capacity of the deepwells within the SCC
compound (water permits attached in the Annexes) as well as extraction of water from Tagbac River will
sufficiently supply up to the proposed expansion operations.
Water balance is provided below.

135 cu.m/h
Industrial Tank Housekeeping trucks

1,136 Cu.m and Fire truck
A
40 - 60 cu.m/h
Tagbak River
SINOMA WHR
110 cu.m/h KILN 3 (Existing)
Industrial Tank
1,136 Cu.m
Recyling Pond
520 cu.m
220 cu.m/h
Existing 4 units DW – 80 cum/h
80 to 160 Cu.m/h 10 cu.m/h
C
Potable Tank
Manila Water 151 Cu.m
20 Cu.m/h Employee
Offices
Housing
LEGEND:
Process
Equipment Close Water Tank
Recycled water
Water Pump
Open Water tank Supply water from
Surface/Ground Surface/Ground/MW
water
Recyling Recycling/
Pond Recovery Pond
Figure 1.6: Water Balance for the Existing Line

WATER BALANCE FOR EXPANSION
#21
#15
#12
80m3/hr #17 New deep wells next to the following wells #17, #12,
190m3/hr #15 and a new pump and pipe for deep well #21
Utilities
63.5 m3/hr
River Pumps
Main Tank
800 m3 To equipment that requires
60-135m3/hr cooling water and
returning to a couple of
Recirculating tank cooling towers and finally
200 m3 returning to recirculating
Pumps
Pumps 7 m3/hr
To fire
fighting
Pumps system
Process tank Water pump to each small
200 m3 capacity tank before the
Pumps water spray systems for
process water
54 m3/hr
Figure 1.7: Water Balance for Expansion
Water pump supply water
Potable
to all bathrooms, canteen
water tank and any place that require
2.5 m3/hrPumps
100 m3 potable water

Table 1.4.2.1: Water Source and Requirements

Existing Proposed EXPANSION
Sources Rates/ AREA Rates/ AREA
Capacity (in hectares) Capacity (in hectares)
River 60-121 cuM/Hr 0.5 hectare same same
Deep well 80 cuM/Hr N/A 80 cuM/Hr N/A
Utility 80 cuM/Hr N/A 80 cuM/Hr N/A
Exisitng Plant’s Water Balance
1.4.3 Pollution control devices and corresponding facilities being served or connected
Provided below are the pollution control devices and corresponding facilities that will be implemented
for the Project.
Table 1.4.3: Pollution Control Devices
Pollutants Control System Equipment
Dust Particles Air pollution Control Devices Water Spray System
Enclosure with Curtains
Wind breaker
Bag Filters
Conveyor cover
Solid waste and Solid and Waste Water Management Catch Basin / Siltation Pond
waste water System and Devices 1 - 8m X 8m X 4m
generated 2 - 8m X 8m X 4m
Water recycling system
Drainage System
Road Water Spraying
Silts and sediments Siltation / sedimentation ponds
Noise Noise pollution Control Devices Enclosure with Curtains
Conveyor cover
Heavy Equipment Mufflers with
silencers
Ear Muffs for Personnel
Monitoring of Noise level
Air emission of criteria pollutants such as CO, particulates, NOX, and SOX, solid wastes such as domestic
wastes, sludge or residue, hazardous wastes such as busted bulbs, lamps and used batteries, are among
the wastes generated. These are wastes from the over-all process which are reported in the regular SMR
and CMR. The same waste profile is expected to be generated for the expansion project. AFR Substitution
rate will increase and can be seen as an enhancement.
1.4.4 Footprint of proposed layout of project facilities

Provided in Figure 1.8 is the Site Development Plan.

4Km Road
PAMIAS 2
Figure 1.8: Site Development Plan for Cement Manufacturing Expansion (clearer and bigger map atached in hard file)

Figure 1.9: Mine Development Plan for the Quarry Expansion
1.5 Process / Technology

Provided below is the existing, proposed modification & resulting final process/technology in terms of:
1.5.1 Production process (indicate type of raw material & final product) if process industry;
Construction if infrastructure such as buildings, roads & bridges
The existing cement plant operations of SCC employs the cement manufacturing process as follows:
 Mining and preliminary crushing of raw materials (primarily, limestone and clay).
 Handling and storage of raw materials and fuel.
 Fine grinding and mixing of raw materials.
 Introduction for the mixture into a rotary kiln for drying, calcining, and fusing into clinker.
 Air-cooling of the clinker by a forced draft system.
 Clinker handling and storage.
 Mixing of clinker with gypsum, and final fine milling.
 Cooling and storage of finished cement.
 Bagging or bulk loading of cement for shipment.
For Coal Sources:

 Coal from East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan: Indonesia

 Semirara Coal- Panay Island Philippines
Provided below is the average coal analysis.
For Gypsum Sources:

 Synthetic Gypsum source is from Korea
 Natural Gypsum source is from Thailand
Source of Clinker:
 From the Existing and New Kiln at Solid Plant.
Source of Fly Ash

 From Thermal Coal Fired Power plants

Figure 1.10: Average Coal Analysis

Provided in Figure 1.11A to 1.11C are the cement process flow diagrams, illustration and flowsheet.
RAW
MATERIALS STORAGE
CRUSHING
RAW
MATERIALS
PROPORTIONED
AND MIXED
AIR DUST
GRINDING COLLECTOR
SEPARATOR
DRY MIXING
AND BLENDING
KILN
CLINKER CLINKER
COOLER STORAGE
DUST FINISH
COLLECTOR GRINDING AND
GYPSUM
ADDITION
CEMENT
COOLER
STORAGE
BAGGING
SHIPPING
Figure 1.11A: Cement process flow diagram

Clinker Silo
4 units Roto packers
Figure 1.11B: Illustration of Cement Processing

Figure 1.11C: Layout for K4 Expansion

QUARRYING RAW
9,500 MT/day DUST
MATERIALS
9,500 COLLECTOR
CRUSHING
STORAGE
450 MT/hr
30,000 MT
RAW MATERIALS
PROPORTIONED
AND MIXED ESP
GRINDING
SEPARATOR CYCLONE
240 MT/hr
Dust
Collector RAW MEAL
AND BLENDING
SILO
ESP 23,500 MT CLINKER
BYPASS
CLINKERING
COAL Fine DUST
3,500 MT/day
MILL Coal Bin COLLECTOR
25 DUST
MT/hr
CLINKER
COLLECTOR
ESP COOLING CLINK
6,000 MT/day ER
STORA
FINISH MILL 1 & 2 GE
DUST 65T/hr
GRINDING
COLLECTOR FINISH MILL 3
SEPARATOR 130 MT/hr
DUST CYCLONE
COLLECTOR
CEMENT STORAGE
(1,2) 1,500 T DUST
(3, 4, 5 6) 1,600 T COLLECTOR
DUST
CEMENT
COLLECTOR PACKAGING
2,400 Bags/hr
Figure 1.12: Cement process flowsheet

Table 1.5: Environmental Control Measures

Area Activity Impacts Wastes Generated Control Measures
Drilling Noise Pollution Use of Muffler with
Noise
Silencers
Drilling Air Pollution thru Water sprinkling and
dust emission use of drills Equipment
Dust
fitted with dust
collectors
Blasting Noise Pollution Noise Controlled Blasting
Air Pollution thru Water sprinkling
Dust
dust emission
Proper Bench Design,
Soil Erosion / Slope
Blasting Silts Slope Protection
stability
Projects
Watering sprinkling &
Air Pollution thru
Dust regulating the truckers
dust emission
i.e. over speeding
Roadworthiness
Quarry Inspection of Vehicles &
Noise Pollution Noise Proper Maintenance of
Loading
Equipment
(Use of Mufflers)
Proper placement of
Improper placement materials in truck
of materials No overloading of
materials in truck
Hauling
Watering sprinkling &
Air Pollution thru
Dust regulating the truckers
dust emission
i.e. over speeding
Roadworthiness
Inspection of Vehicles &
Noise Pollution Noise Proper Maintenance of
Equipment
(Use of Mufflers)
Crushing Crushing Air Pollution thru Maintenance of dust
Dust
dust emission collectors
Enclosure of Building /
Noise Pollution Noise
Building Maintenance
Noise Pollution Noise Controlled Blasting
Conveying Noise Pollution Noise Proper Engineering
Design, Enclosure, etc.
Air Pollution thru Dust Maintenance of Dust
dust emission Collecting System
Storage (Raw Open Storage Water Silts Installation of siltation
Materials) Contamination due control
to siltation Minimize by proper
storage practices
Land Silts Minimize by proper
Contamination by storage practices
Improper storage
Air Pollution thru Dust Watering of roadways/
dust emission proper loading of trucks
Closed Storage Air Pollution thru Dust Maintenance of
dust emission Enclosures

Processing Loading Air Pollution thru Dust Maintenance of Dust

Enclosure install and
Noise Pollution Noise provision of designated
buffer zones
Conveying Air Pollution thru Maintenance of Dust
Dust
Proper Engineering
Design, Enclosure, etc.
Raw Grinding Air Pollution thru Maintenance of Dust
Dust
Enclosure install and
Noise Pollution Noise provision of designated
buffer zones
Processing Blending Air Pollution thru Dust Maintenance of Dust
Land Silts Minimize by proper
Contamination by storage practices
Improper storage
Water Silts Installation of siltation
Contamination due control
to siltation Minimize by proper
storage practices
Homegenizing Air Pollution thru Maintenance of Dust
Dust
Clinkering Installation of Dust
Air Pollution thru Collectors & Trees
Dust
dust emission Planting as buffer
zones
Enclosure and tree
buffer zones
Finish Grinding Finish Grinding Air Pollution thru Dust Maintenance of Dust
and Storage, and Storage dust emission Collecting System
Packaging and Proper Design and
Distribution Noise Pollution Noise
Enclosure
Packaging and Dust Maintenance of Dust
Air Pollution thru
Distribution Collecting System and
dust emission
designated buffer zones
Awareness to Haulers
Noise Pollution – (Drivers).
noise coming from Noise Roadworthiness
trucks Inspection Program of
vehicles

1.5.2 Power generation & water supply system

The power requirement of the new line is 33.5MW and the current line is 24 MW. The main source of
power is MERALCO. The 6MW power from Waste Heat Recovery is a standby power source. Also, in
case of power outages, Solid Cement Corporation has 12.72 MW output standby power generators that
are readily available for use during NPC emergency power shutdown. Another 10 MW output genset
will be provided for the expansion.
During this emergency power shutdown, the non-critical plant machineries/ equipment will be put on
standby during power shutdowns. Provided in Table 1.5.2.1 is the list of Plant’s support facilities
Table 1.5.2.1: Support Facilities

Components Existing Proposed Expansion
RATES ESTIMATED AREA
(in m2/has) ESTIMATED AREA
RATES (in has)
Power from Waste Heat
Recovery 6 MW 6MW
Power Plant Generating Sets 12.72 MW 11,744 m2 10 MW existing powerplant to
and Auxiliaries be expanded to house
the additional genset
Utility and Auxiliaries 24 MW N/A 33.4 MW N/A
Substation and auxiliaries 55 MW 0.5 hectare 51MW 0.4 hectare
2 X25/30 MVA
45 XP and 46 XP 5,000 m2 Transformer 3,596 m2
Transmission line and
auxiliaries 34 kV 115 kV
This existing 34.5

kV line will migrate
to 115 kV by 2019.
30 meters 4km
Air Compressor and Centralized compressor
auxiliaries Total of Four (4) Units: room
6517 cu ft/ min · Old
broken down as Compressor
follows: Room(.05Hec) (0.5 Hec)
1449+ cu ft/min · Packhouse
960+ cu ft/min (0.06Hec)
· Kiln
2297+ cu ft/min (0.03Hec) Compressor
· Conditioni room 6
ng Tower units,6000 cu
1811 cu ft/min (0.01Hec) ft/min 924 m2
Power Plant Oil and Fuel 1 X BFO Tank 500 m2
Tanks 220,000Liters,1 X
BFO Tank
110,000Liters,2 X
Diesel Tank
15,000Liters each,4
X Oil Tanks 15,000
Liters each,2
Xsludge Tanks
15,000 Liters each

Electrical Buildings Powerhouse,Switch 4,700 m2 Electrical rooms 3,066 m2

gear and for Offices
Transformer Laboratory,,Cru
yard,Preheater,VR sher,Vertical
M MCC/ACC,EP Raw
Preheater MCC,PH Mill,Kiln,Cooler
Fan VFD and Preheater
MCC,Emergency tower,Cement
Genset room,RDF Mill,Bagging
Control Plant,Coal
room,Cooler and Mill,Main
Kiln Substation and
MCC/ACC,Central other auxilliaries
control
room,Reclaimer
MCC,Packhouse
MCC,Crusher
MCC,Finish Mill
1,2,3 MCC and
cotrol room
Fuelling Station and 4 X 15,000Liters
various Lubricant Storage Fuel Tanks
areas ,locations inside the
Plant
Logistics field offices,
Drivers lounge and Loading Several locations Additional for
platforms for trucks New Line
Recovery of waste heat from thru hot gas ducts thru hot gas
the kiln and clinker cooler to conveying systems ducts conveying
generate electricity and for systems
drying of Raw Materials in the
cement Mill and Dryer.
Inner Roads, Bridges and Existing 40,842 m2 New Roads and Preliminary @ 24,041
drainage system Bridges m2 and may change
accordingly after the
Traffic simulation study.
Alternative fuel substitution 50% to 80% for the 80% for the new
existing kiln kiln
Alternative raw materials 30% to 60% for the 60% for the new
substitution existing kiln kiln
Parking spaces for existing 30,000 m2 30,000 m2
and New Line.
Temporary offices and 925 m2
installations for Contractors
Temporary laydown area for For use by
Contractors as indicated on contracotrs for
the plant General layout assembly and
labelled 2,3,4,5. construction
equipment
storages
Various Mobile Equipment for Frontloaders,Dumpt Additional
Quarrying operation rucks,Bulldozers,Tr Mobile
ack equipment for
Drills,Backhoe,Boul quarry
der Breaker, operations
Compressors

Perimeter fence surrounding The whole complex Estimated total The whole Estimated total area 70
the entire industrial plant, are formed by area 70 hectares complex are hectares
offices, schools and housing Industrial plant, formed by
area various buildings Industrial plant,
and housing area. various
buildings and
housing area.
Others In as much as it is Please refer to
the objective of the notes as
List to present the indicated at the
existing and new beginning of the
line as complete as Major
possible for component list
purposes of
consolidating and
integrating all the
ECCs, there is a
long list of
equipment
associated with the
complete
installations of the
plant that were not
mentioned on the
list and are
represented as part
of the auxiliary
component of the
industrial plant.
Additional
references are
required in
validating the list
such as the Plant
general layout,
detailed
engineering
drawings, Technical
specifications and
manuals, process
flow diagrams that
include all the
component of the
entire Industrial
complex and shall
be provided as part
of the EPRMP.
Anything not
covered by the list
can be referred to
the mentioned
references which
will be made
available upon
request.
Provided below is the transmission line lay-out both for the original and expansion project.

Figure 1.13: Transmission Line Lay-out
WATER
The primary source of water shall be the deep wells within the SCC compound to be supplemented as
may be necessary from water utilities and water from Tagbac River.
There will be no water resource use competition because based on the perception survey conducted in June
2016, the area primarily sources its water requirements from Manila Water
Water balance and sources of water are provided below.

135 cu.m/h
Industrial Tank Housekeeping trucks

1,136 Cu.m and Fire truck
A
40 - 60 cu.m/h
Tagbak River
SINOMA WHR
110 cu.m/h KILN 3 (Existing)
Industrial Tank
1,136 Cu.m
Recyling Pond
520 cu.m
220 cu.m/h
Figure 1.10: Water Balance

B
Existing 4 units DW – 80 cum/h
80 to 160 Cu.m/h 10 cu.m/h
C
Potable Tank
Manila Water 151 Cu.m
20 Cu.m/h Employee
Offices
Housing
LEGEND:
Process
Equipment Close Water Tank
Recycled water
Water Pump
Open Water tank Supply water from
Surface/Ground Surface/Ground/MW
water
Recyling Recycling/
Pond Recovery Pond
Figure 1.14: Water Balance for Existing Plant

WATER REQUIREMENT FOR SOLID PLANT K4

#2
#1
#1 1
80m3/hr #1 5 New deep wells next to the following wells #17,
190m3/hr 2
7 #12, #15 and a new pump and pipe for deep well
Utilities
63.5 m3/hr #21
River Pumps
Main Tank
60-135m3/hr To equipment that
800 m3
requires cooling water
Recirculating tank and returning to a
200 m3 Pumps couple of cooling towers
and finally returning to
Pumps 7 m3/hr recirculating water tank
To fire
Pumps fighting
system Process tank Water pump to each
200 m3 Pumps small capacity tank
before the water spray
54 m3/hr systems for process
water
Potable water tank Water pump supply

100 m3 Pumps water to all bathrooms,
canteen and any place
2.5 m3/hr that require potable
water
Figure 1.15: Water Balance for Expansion
Table 1.5.2.2: Water Source and requirements

Existing Proposed EXPANSION
Sources Rates/ AREA Rates/ AREA
Capacity Capacity
 Deep well 190 cuM/Hr N/A same N/A
 River 60-135 cuM/Hr 0.5 hectare 60-135 cuM/Hr 0.5 hectare
 Utility 80 cuM/Hr N/A 80 cuM/Hr N/A
1.5.3 Waste Management Systems

Air emission of criteria pollutants such as CO, particulates, NOX, and SOX, solid wastes such as domestic
wastes, sludge or residue, hazardous wastes such as busted bulbs and lamps are among the wastes
generated. These are wastes from the over-all manufacturing process which are reported in the regular
SMR and CMR. For the expansion project, only CO, particulates, solid wastes such as domestic wastes,
sludge or residue, hazardous wastes such as busted bulbs and lamps are among the wastes that may be
generated.
Sources of materials:
For Coal Sources:

 Coal from East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan: Indonesia

 Semirara Coal- Panay Island Philippines
For Gypsum Sources:

 Synthetic Gypsum source is from Korea
 Natural Gypsum source is from Thailand
Clinker Source:
 From the Existing and New Kiln at Solid Plant.
Fly Ash Source:

 From Thermal Coal Fired Power plants
Provided below is the coal analysis test result.


Table 1.5.3.1: Summary of Wastes Generated at Different Project Phases

Other Key Built-in
Environment Pollution
Associated Wastes
al and Social control
Issues Measures
Activities/
Project Estimated
Environmental
Phases Estimated Volume for
Aspects
Wastes the
Types of Wastes
Generation Duration of
Rate the Project
Phase
Pre-
Construction Not applicable --- --- --- --- ---
Phase
Multiple-
Domestic More or No process chambered
Generation of 50L/capita/
wastewater (from less 5,000 wastewater is septic tank is
wastewater day
100 workers) L /day generated. provided in the
plant complex.
All recyclable
wastes are to
sold to an
accredited
Domestic solid scrap buyer/
wastes are basically Domestic recyclers;
Construction
composed of office solid wastes The plant is
Phase
wastes such as used are estimated 100 x implementing All residual
Generation of
papers, newspaper, at 0.2 0.2kg/day = solid waste solid wastes
domestic solid
cartons, aluminum kg/capita/day _________ management in are to be
wastes
cans, PET bottles generation _ accordance with collected by
and residual wastes rate RA 9003 accredited
from office workers garbage
and visitors. collector and
disposed to
nearest
sanitary
landfill.
Development
phase is
comprised
mostly of civil
works
construction. It
is estimated
that the
construction of
all the
necessary
structures will
be finished in
approximately
one and a half
year. The major
activities are as
follows:
 land/site
clearing
 land
development
 provision of
services for the

workforce such
as temporary
housing and
toilet facilities
 transport of
materials
 mobilization of
personnel and
equipment
 finishing
 equipment
installation
An established
guideline for
contractors is
set by CSI.
During
construction, all
contractors are
required to have
their safety
officer on
site. The DOLE
standard for
construction
(DO 13-98)
should also be
complied with
by all of the
contractors.
Multiple-
No additional
chambered
domestic
No process septic tank is
Generation of wastewater
wastewater is provided to
wastewater generation because
generated. treat its
existing personnel
domestic
will be tapped
wastewater;
All recyclable
wastes are to
sold to an
accredited
scrap buyer/
Domestic recyclers;
No additional
solid wastes The plant is
domestic solid waste
are estimated implementing All residual
Operation Generation of generation except
at 0.2 100 x 0.2 solid waste solid wastes
Phase domestic solid from visitors
kg/capita/day kg/day management in are to be
wastes because existing
generation accordance with collected by
personnel will be
rate RA 9003 accredited
tapped.
garbage
collector and
disposed to
nearest
sanitary
landfill.
Generation of Generated Variable Variable Occupational The
limited hazardous wastes health and generated
hazardous are limited to the safety of the hazardous
wastes from following: workers wastes shall
facility fluorescent light be temporarily
operation and bulbs, compact stored and

maintenance fluorescent light disposed of

bulbs, incandescent on a yearly
light bulbs, halogen basis through
bulbs, used oil and accredited
lubricants recyclers and
treaters.
Generation of
fugitive dust Use of installed
Mostly carbon
from open air pollution
Generation of dioxide, NOx, SOx,
Variable Variable spaces during source and
emission gases volatile organics and
dry season may control
metal traces
be visible but installations.
manageable.
Dump trucks
will be
Generation of
provided to
solid wastes Solid wastes are
Generation of carry those
from composed of waste
scraps and wastes into
Abandonm dismantling, lumber, metals, Not yet Not yet
other residual the nearest
ent Phase packing and concrete bricks and estimated estimated
abandonment sanitary
hauling of others that will be
wastes landfill and
operation left behind.
recyclable
equipment.
materials will
be recycled.
Extraction
The quarrying operations involves 46. 5138 Hectares for limestone and 70.98 hectares for diorite/dacite
with an increased capacity from 9,500 Metric Tons/day to 19,000 Metric Tons/day.
Figure 1.16: Quarry areas

1.5.3.1 Ore/mineral processing (indicate type of raw material & final product). Indicative process
flow-sheets showing material balances for the processing plant, and the anticipated rates of inputs,
along with similar data on products, wastes and recycle streams
The process generally starts at production of the raw materials through the kiln line then through the cement
line. Clinker is the basic material required for the production of all types of cement.
Explosives are used for controlled blasting. The explosives powder factor for Limestone is 0.25kg/metric
ton of Limestone depending on desired blast size of Limestone.
Provided below is the material balance of the existing and proposed cement plant.

Figure 1.17: Material Balance of Existing and Proposed Cement Plant

Provided below is the quarry process flow.
Figure 1.18: Quarry process
1.5.3.2 Power & water supply system; Waste Management Systems (tailings pond, wastewater
treatment facility, siltation ponds, tailings dam, etc.)
 Siltation ponds will be made along access roads and plant site to address runoff water during heavy
rains.
 Drainage systems will be made to direct water flow to the sumps/ponds.
 For Air emission (TSP, PM10, PM2.5, SOX, NOX) and noise pollution from equipment and vehicles,
following will be implemented:
• Limiting construction deliveries during night time and training on proper equipment and
vehicle use and speed and proper maintenance, designation of no idling zone Water sprays,
use of enclosures, barriers and buffer zones
• Implementation of reforestation and Carbon-sink Program
 Potential impact to surrounding communities due to air emission and noise pollution, following will
be implemented:
• Training on proper equipment use and speed
• Water sprays, use of enclosures, barriers, and buffer zone
• Use of housed equipment
 Provide a more economically and environmentally sound means of disposal of industrial waste, as
opposed to landfill, reducing the volume of waste requiring landfill disposal
 Use of AFR
 Waste Heat recovery operated by 3rd party
 Increase in economic opportunities through associated incomes and taxes
 Health and safety hazards
 Health and safety policies, employee safety inspections and toolbox meetings
 Regular APE, PPEs
 First aid and rescue training
 Occupational training

1.6 Project Size

Provided below is the cement production capacity of the cement plant and quarrying operations.
1.6.1 Cement production capacity: from 1.8 MMTPY existing to 4.5 MMTPY combined capacity
1.6.2 Quarrying operations: from Existing 9,500 Metric Tons/day to 19,000 Metric Tons/day Expansion
1.6.3 Project area in square meters or hectares

 The Project is estimated to occupy 42 hectares which shall be located within the present 64.5 hectares cement
plant complex of Solid Cement Corporation.
 46. 5138 Hectares for limestone and 70.98 hectares for diorite/dacite.
1.6.4 Annual production rate & working days/hours if process industry

This project will involve a maximum volume of 4.5 MMTPY metric tons/year. Provided in Table 1.5 production volume
projections for both existing and the proposed project.
The expanded cement manufacturing will operate 365 days / year for 24 hours which is targeted at 90% of
the time operation efficiency with maintenance shutdown of 15days per year.
Provided below is the Pamias 2 Limestone Resource and Estimated Pantay Silica Quarry Resource
Inventory and the Production and Resource Inventory for Pantay and Pamias 2 Quarries.
Table 1.6.4.1: Pamias 2 Limestone Resource Inventory
Elevation Volume (m3) Tonnage (Mt)

0 99,059.47 237,742.73
10 2,688,141.06 6,451,538.54
20 2,861,112.65 6,866,670.36
30 3,040,665.65 7,297,597.56
40 3,220,182.84 7,728,438.82
50 3,402,716.76 8,166,520.22
60 3,498,466.03 8,396,318.47
70 3,276,033.11 7,862,479.46
80 3,222,505.03 7,734,012.07
90 2,839,763.93 6,815,433.43
100 2,435,910.80 5,846,185.92
110 2,164,163.99 5,193,993.58
120 1,965,080.44 4,716,193.06
130 1,802,909.76 4,326,983.42
140 1,649,069.16 3,957,765.98
150 1,462,048.74 3,508,916.98
160 1,231,465.14 2,955,516.34
170 1,001,452.56 2,403,486.14
180 792,110.54 1,901,065.30
190 559,742.36 1,343,381.66
200 352,668.01 846,403.22
210 152,036.33 364,887.19
220 44,907.86 107,778.86
230 4,376.94 10,504.66

Total 43,766,589.16 105,039,813.98
Table 1.6.4.2: Production and Resource Inventory (Pamias 2 Quarry)

Estimated Estimated
Inventory for the Production Remaining
Year year (MT) (MT/Yr) Inventory (MT)
2018 105,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 101,639,813.98
2019 101,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 98,239,813.98
2020 98,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 94,839,813.98
2021 94,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 91,439,813.98
2022 91,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 88,039,813.98
2023 88,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 84,639,813.98
2024 84,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 81,239,813.98
2025 81,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 77,839,813.98
2026 77,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 74,439,813.98
2027 74,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 71,039,813.98
2028 71,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 67,639,813.98
2029 67,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 64,239,813.98
2030 64,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 60,839,813.98
2031 60,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 57,439,813.98
2032 57,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 54,039,813.98
2033 54,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 50,639,813.98
2034 50,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 47,239,813.98
2035 47,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 43,839,813.98
2036 43,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 40,439,813.98
2037 40,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 37,039,813.98
2038 37,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 33,639,813.98
2039 33,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 30,239,813.98
2040 30,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 26,839,813.98
2041 26,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 23,439,813.98
2042 23,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 20,039,813.98
2018 20,039,813.98 3,400,000.00 16,639,813.98
2019 16,639,813.98 3,400,000.00 13,239,813.98
2020 13,239,813.98 3,400,000.00 9,839,813.98
2021 9,839,813.98 3,400,000.00 6,439,813.98
2022 6,439,813.98 3,400,000.00 3,039,813.98
Total 102,000,000.00
Table 1.6.4.3: Estimated Pantay Silica Quarry Resource Inventory

Elevation Volume(m3) Tonnage (MT)
100 1,628,395 3,419,630
110 1,441,478 3,027,104
120 1,397,816 2,935,414

130 1,334,386 2,802,211

140 1,206,535 2,533,724
150 591,252 1,241,629
160 314,099 659,608
170 175,929 369,451
180 33,798 70,976
190 209 439
Total 8,123,897 17,060,183
Table 1.6.4.4: Production and Resource Inventory (Pantay Quarry)

Estimated Estimated
Inventory for the Production
Year year (MT) (MT/Yr) Remaining Inventory (MT)
2018 17,060,183 511,000 16,549,183
2019 16,549,183 511,000 16,038,183
2020 16,038,183 511,000 15,527,183
2021 15,527,183 511,000 15,016,183
2022 15,016,183 511,000 14,505,183
2023 14,505,183 511,000 13,994,183
2024 13,994,183 511,000 13,483,183
2025 13,483,183 511,000 12,972,183
2026 12,972,183 511,000 12,461,183
2027 12,461,183 511,000 11,950,183
2028 11,950,183 511,000 11,439,183
2029 11,439,183 511,000 10,928,183
2030 10,928,183 511,000 10,417,183
2031 10,417,183 511,000 9,906,183
2032 9,906,183 511,000 9,395,183
2033 9,395,183 511,000 8,884,183
2034 8,884,183 511,000 8,373,183
2035 8,373,183 511,000 7,862,183
2036 7,862,183 511,000 7,351,183
2037 7,351,183 511,000 6,840,183
2038 6,840,183 511,000 6,329,183
2039 6,329,183 511,000 5,818,183
2040 5,818,183 511,000 5,307,183
2041 5,307,183 511,000 4,796,183
2042 4,796,183 511,000 4,285,183
2018 4,285,183 511,000 3,774,183
2019 3,774,183 511,000 3,263,183
2020 3,263,183 511,000 2,752,183
2021 2,752,183 511,000 2,241,183
2022 2,241,183 511,000 1,730,183

Total 15,330,000
1.7 Development Plan, Description of Project Phases and Corresponding Timeframes
1.7.1 Pre-construction (planning, securing of ECC and other permits)

This phase is dedicated mostly to activities like clearing of the Project Site, procurement of permits and clearances
from concerned government agencies and local government units and design conceptualization for all the civil works
that will be undertaken during the developing stage.
1.7.2 Construction (land/site clearing, temporary housing, transport of materials, health and other
services for the workforce)
The activities during this phase are listed below:
 Construction of new cement plant. The construction will involve civil works confined to construction of foundation.
 Quarrying of new areas within MPSA 116 and 124
 Installation of transmission line
1.7.2.1 Construction Phase Timetable

Provided below is the execution schedule which is targeted to be completed in 30 months.
Table 1.7.2.1: Execution Schedule
1.7.3 Operation (projected period of start-up/commissioning/full operation of various project

components)
1.7.3.1 Cement Production

As stated in Item 1.5 above, the sequence of cement operation involves the following activities:
 Cement processing uses quarried materials such as limestone and silica. These materials are then
crushed. From the crusher, the material is sent to the limestone storage and is loaded on the low
grade pile by a moving tripper car, which distributes the material along the pile.
 When the material crushed is high grade, an operator is needed to move the tripper car along the
pile. There are two high-grade piles with a total capacity of 20,000 tons. Pozzolan is also piled the
same way as high-grade limestone.
 From the low grade pile a 1,000 tph bridge reclaimer which is composed of a bridge support
moving along a rail track, a slope clearer and a series of moving scrapers, load the material
on a receiving conveyor to bring it to the low grade bin at the raw material dosing. The brid ge
reclaimer form a “T" with the pile and moves into the pile.
 The slope clearer moves along the bridge support and cuts across the pile to bring material to the

scrapers. The 500 tph sidescraper is like a truck mounted crane that moves on a rail and its boom
is composed of moving scrapers that scrapes materials from the top of the high grade pile surface
to a receiving conveyor which brings it to the high grade bin at the material dosing. The sidescraper
moves across the pile surface and the loading to the conveyor is done by lowering the boom of
moving scrapers on the pile.
 Pyrite cinder (iron ore) is delivered to SCC by barge and loaded on trucks for delivery to 3,500 ton
covered storage near the limestone storage. The pyrite cinder is loaded to the raw mill dosing
through the additive hopper, which is loaded either by truck or front-end loader. The adverse impacts
of the cinders will later be discussed in item 3.4.1.2. Dust from the Plant Processing Area.
 From the raw material dosing, the high and low grade limestone together with the pyrite is brought
to a 400 cu. meter raw mill feed bin by weigh feeder and belt conveyor. The weigh feeder weighs
each component at the raw material dosing according to the raw mix design of Quality Assurance.
 The raw mill teed bin is where the raw mix is stored before being fed to the 300 tph (dry basis) raw
mill no. 1 and 2 through a weigh feeder. In the raw mill the raw mix is dried by gases from APO 2
preheater and pulverized by a combination of rotating grinding table and a pair of grinding roller
sitting on opposite sides of the table. The material falling off the table goes back to the mill through
a reject elevator.
 The grinding product passes through a separator which is a series of blades rotating at an adjusted
speed which permits dust (which we call the raw meal) to pass with a fineness of 85% passing 90
microns screen. The raw meal is collected through a pair of high efficiency cyclones and dust not
collected by the 85% efficient cyclones is collected by a 99 % efficient Electrostatic Precipitator.
 The raw meal is then brought to the 20,800 cubic meter raw meal silo where it is homogenized. The
product of this homogenization is the kiln feed which is weighed through a weighfeeder and fed to
the top of the preheater by an air screw conveyor.
 The kiln feed passes through the preheater where it is calcined to approximately 85 to 90% when it
enters the rotary kiln. In the 2,500 tpd kiln the calcined material temperature is raised to 1,300 deg.
C from 1,000 deg. C at the inlet and is pelletized by the rotating action of the kiln.
 The material as it leaves the kiln is already clinker, and it goes down to the clinker cooler. The clinker
cooler is composed of a segment of stationary grates and 2 segments of moving grates where hot
clinker is cooled down to 80 to 150 deg. C by introducing air by high pressure fans through the
grates.
 This clinker is the brought to the 100,000-ton clinker storage silo. In cases when an upset in the kiln
occurs and the clinker is underburned (does not meet specification), it is placed in the by-pass silo
where its load is discharged by truck and placed in an open storage.
 The underburned clinker is being recycled back to the cement mill in small quantities at a time
through the additive hopper. To raise the temperatures in the kiln and preheater a firing system is
used. This system uses either coal dust or diesel as fuel.
 The clinker from the silo is loaded to the clinker feed bin through a series of conveyors before being
fed to the 170 tph cement mill nos. 1&2 by a weigh feeder and mill feed belt conveyor. The cement
mill is a 2-compartmented cylinder with steel liners, which uses steel balls to pulverize clinker,
gypsum and pozzolan depending on the type of cement manufactured.
 Gypsum is fed to the mill the same way as the clinker but the gypsum bin is loaded through the
additive hopper by trucks getting gypsum from the storage in front of the hopper. The proportion of
gypsum is set by the Quality Assurance Department. The cement which has the fineness of 85-87%
passing 120 microns screen is then brought to the cement silos.
 For Pozzolan Cement grinding, pozzolan is fed to the mill the same way gypsum is fed (but taken
from the limestone storage) and stored at the cement silo assigned for pozzolan cement. From the

cement silos, cement is packed in bags or loaded in bulk trucks or ships.
Provided below is the details on the use of alternative fuels and raw materials.

Table 1.7.3.1ALTERNATIVE FUELS DATA 2014-2015

Air Dried As Received Dry Basis
Current
Air Dry Residual Total Total Gross SIZE/
Gross CV Net CV Ash Gross CV Net CV Net CV Handling/
Loss Moisture Sulfur Moisture CV Granulometry
Storage
Semirara
Average 5445 5166 12.64 14.09 6.01 0.85 24.95 4757 6338 6059
Minimum 4158 3879 8.84 7.17 2.48 0.48 15.38 3841 3562 4539 4260 2-100mm Open Area
Maximum 5922 5643 17.61 20.96 12.75 1.96 34.88 4507 4228 6921 6642
RDF Montalban
Average 5897 5442 21.67 7.33 10.14 1.07 27.42 4620 4165 6362 5907
35mm max
Minimum 5622 5167 20.1 3.98 7.55 0.88 24.98 4372 3917 6145 5690 RDF Storage
(Shredded)
Maximum 6275 5820 22.92 9.88 12.58 1.34 29.76 4992 4537 6771 6316
Rice Husk
Average 3292 3035 6.88 6.42 20.38 0.40 13.91 3008 2773 3535 3259
Minimum 3003 2746 1.28 1.26 15.83 0.21 7.77 2456 2248 3220 2948 10mm Open Area
Maximum 3546 3289 19.12 10.25 25.28 0.59 36.93 3276 3031 3778 3499
Rubber Chips (Tyre Char)
Average 5495 5216 22.73 9.00 19.57 2.26 29.72 4340 4061 6293 6014
90% Passing 90 Tyre Char
Minimum 4385 4106 5.86 0.76 13.26 1.78 9.15 3234 2955 5478 5199
microns (Fines) Storage
Maximum 6706 6427 43.22 27.72 28.03 2.95 49.78 5269 4990 7021 6742
Waste Plastic
Average 8149 7694 1.64 0.70 14.05 1.31 2.33 8016 7561 8209 7751
Minimum 6427 6017 0.12 0.04 0.46 0.54 0.33 5840 5385 6493 6037 35mm max
RDF Storage
(Shredded)
Maximum 9716 9261 11.25 6.27 27.76 1.86 12.12 9665 9210 9782 9323
Cashew Shells
Average 7694 1.64 0.70 14.05 1.31 2.33 8016 7561 8209 7751
Minimum 6427 6017 0.12 0.04 0.46 0.54 0.33 5840 5385 6493 6037 10-40mm RDF Storage
Maximum 9716 9261 11.25 6.27 27.76 1.86 12.12 9665 9210 9782 9323

Table 1.7.3.2: Rice Husk

As Dry
Air Dried (Ungrind)
Received Basis
Residual Total Total
Gross CV Net CV Ash Gross CV Net CV Gross CV Net CV
Moisture Sulfur Moisture
kcal/kg kcal/kg % % % % kcal/kg kcal/kg kcal/kg kcal/kg
Average 3,311 3,054 6.60 20.30 0.14 10.04 3,204 2,955 3,574 3,296
MGD 2016 Minimum 3,161 2,904 3.63 16.96 0.07 6.51 2,931 2,693 3,444 3,177
Maximum 3,563 3,306 9.34 28.26 0.20 15.65 3,456 3,207 3,837 3,561
Average 3,214 2,957 7.25 21.31 0.10 10.88 3,088 2,842 3,465 3,188
MGD 2017 Minimum 2,950 2,693 5.45 20.41 0.05 7.99 2,418 2,207 3,317 3,041
Maximum 3,327 3,070 14.37 22.64 0.15 29.81 3,258 3,007 3,575 3,297
Average 3,272 3,015 8.21 20.84 0.15 13.83 3,071 2,830 3,564 3,284
Golden Hull
Minimum 3,051 2,794 5.38 18.02 0.11 9.50 2,507 2,296 3,416 3,137
2016
Maximum 3,527 3,270 13.18 27.01 0.19 28.67 3,376 3,130 3,801 3,524
Average 3,166 2,909 8.53 20.83 0.12 23.94 2,632 2,419 3,463 3,182
Golden Hull
Minimum 3,055 2,798 4.66 19.01 0.08 10.33 2,205 2,024 3,262 2,992
2017
Maximum 3,286 3,029 13.59 22.18 0.15 37.22 3,055 2,806 3,535 3,248

Table 1.7.3.3: Char

Air Dried Dry Basis
Residual Total Total
Gross CV Net CV Ash Gross CV Net CV Gross CV Net CV
Moisture Sulfur Moisture
kcal/kg kcal/kg % % % % kcal/kg kcal/kg kcal/kg kcal/kg
Average 6090 5811 7.46 16.76 2.47 26.55 4856 4577 6632 6353
Anupol 2016 Minimum 4740 4461 1.62 11.81 2.18 15.16 3772 3493 5464 5185
Maximum 6790 6511 22.85 29.86 2.67 38.61 5777 5498 7475 7196
Average 5895 5616 6.26 21.16 2.47 25.45 4692 4413 6283 6004
Anupol 2017 Minimum 4272 3993 1.06 14.13 2.21 18.51 3560 3281 5001 4722
Maximum 6698 6419 22.28 34.40 2.80 35.16 5431 5152 6862 6583
Average 5973 5694 7.61 16.58 2.41 25.85 4876 4597 6497 6218
Golden Hull 2016 Minimum 4043 3764 1.88 11.43 2.17 7.44 3082 2803 5137 4858
Maximum 6885 6606 27.08 27.04 2.63 44.41 6300 6021 7217 6938
Average 5946 5667 6.10 19.57 2.45 26.76 4642 4363 6325 6046
Golden Hull 2017 Minimum 4559 4280 1.17 12.57 2.18 14.57 3244 2965 4649 4370
Maximum 6627 6348 19.57 33.61 3.05 45.80 5680 5401 6804 6525

Table 1.7.3.4: CBMI Parameters

Parameters Unit Value
Gross As Received CV kcal / kg 4284

32 to
Total Moisture % 35%
Size mm <35 mm
Ash % <15
Sulfur % <1
Chlorine % <2
Table 1.7.3.5: AFR Components

As Received
Total Total
Specifications Ash Gross CV
Sulfur Moisture
% % % kcal/kg
RDF Average 11.20 0.50 32.40 4,284
Waste
Plastics Average 15.82 0.46 11.85 6,644
Tobacco
wastes Average 17.35 0.46 9.65 4,665.69
Cashew
Shells Average 2.39 0.13 11.12 5,434
Rice Husk Average 20.82 0.13 14.67 2,999
Tire Char Average 18.52 2.45 26.15 4,766

1.7.3.2 Quarry Operation
Material Sourcing/Quarrying
Two types of materials are necessary for the production of cement: one rich in calcium or calcareous
materials such as limestone, chalk, etc., and one that is rich in silica or argillaceous materials such as
clay. Limestone and clay are either scraped or blasted from the quarry and then transported to the
crusher.
Plate 1: Photograph of the Pantay Quarry
The limestone requirement of the cement plant is sourced from Pamias II Quarry, which is the subject
of the Operating Agreement between SCC and Teresa Marble Corporation. The silica and pozzolan
requirements of the project are provided by SCC’s subsidiary, Island Quarry and Aggregates
Corporation (IQAC). The silica requirement is sourced from Pantay quarry and the Pozzolan from
CALABAR Quarry.
Pantay Quarry
Pantay Quarry is located at Sitio Pantay, Barangay San Jose, Antipolo City, Rizal. The project is located
on the NE of the cement plant at approximately 3 kilometers.
The project involves the quarrying of diorite and andesite with some low quality silica as feed material
for the cement plant of Solid Cement Corporation. It is also referred to as the Diorite Quarry.
The Pantay Quarry involves the following activities:
Stripping of the overburden

Stripping involves the removal of the top soil to expose the diorite/ andesite. Dozers pushes the top soil
to designated loading areas and excavators load it to off road dump trucks. Stripping of the overburden
is done until the diorite/andesite is exposed. Weathered diorite/andesite is also transported to the
cement plant while fresh diorite/andesite are drilled and blasted. The overburden stockpile is located
within the disturbed mined out area of the quarry. The overburden thickness varies from 1-2 meters.
Drilling and blasting

Drilling is driving of holes thru the in-situ diorite/andesite in regular pattern and intervals. Percussion
drills (pneumatic and hydraulic) are used to drill blast holes.
Blasting is the breaking of the in-situ diorite/andesite into smaller pieces for easy handling and loading
to the off road dump trucks for delivery to the crushers. The drilled holes are loaded with dynamite and
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO). This is a non-volatile explosive that can only be initiated using
blasting caps. The blasting design uses state of the art technology to ensure safe and efficient blasting.
Blasting utilizes non-electric delay detonators to minimize ground vibration, fly rocks, dust and
generation of unnecessary sound waves.

The drilling and blasting is conducted by a contractor. An explosives magazine is maintained near the
cement plant.
Excavation and Loading

The blasted materials are extracted and loaded into trucks by backhoe excavators for transport to the
crusher.
Hauling
Upon loading of the blasted materials to the dump trucks, it will be transported to crusher traversing a
4.5-kilometer inner road.
The Pantay Quarry has an estimated resource of 13,276,870 metric tons of diorite/andesite materials.
Under the current production of 255,500 MT/year, it will last until 2060 or an estimated mine life of 51
years. However, for purposes of this FMRDP, the minelife will be simultaneous with the life of the MPSA
116-98-IV which is up to year 2023 or 11 years from now (2012). There is a strong possibility that IQAC
will request for the renewal of said MPSA 116-98-IV for another twenty-five (25) years in the year 2023.
Table No. 1.10: Estimated Pantay Quarry Resource

Elevation Volume(m3) Tonnage (MT)
100 1,628,395 2,605,432
110 1,441,478 2,306,365
120 1,397,816 2,236,506
130 1,334,386 2,135,018
140 1,206,535 1,930,456
150 765,398 1,224,638
160 314,099 502,558
170 175,929 281,487
180 33,798 54,077
190 209 334
Total 8,298,044 13,276,870
The estimated production and resource for the remaining minelife of eleven (11) years for the Pantay
Quarry are as follows:
Table No. 1.11: Estimated Annual Production and Resource Inventory of Pantay Quarry
Amount of Diorite/Andesite to be Quarried
Year Remaining
Estimated Inventory Estimated Diorite/Andesite
for the Year (MT) Production (MT) Materials (Mt)
2009 (mined) 13,276,870 255,500 13,021,370
2010 (mined) 13,021,370 255,500 12,765,870
2011 (mined) 12,765,870 255,500 12,510,370
2012 12,510,370 255,500 12,254,870
2013 12,254,870 255,500 11,999,370
2014 11,999,370 255,500 11,743,870
2015 11,743,870 255,500 11,488,370
2016 11,488,370 255,500 11,232,870
2017 11,232,870 255,500 10,977,370

2018 10,977,370 255,500 10,721,870

2019 10,721,870 255,500 10,466,370
2020 10,466,370 255,500 10,210,870
2021 10,210,870 255,500 9,955,370
2022 9,955,370 255,500 9,699,870
2023 9,699,870 255,500 9,444,370
Total 3,066,000
MPSA 116-98-IV occupies an area of 70.98 hectares, of which, 33.6 hectares or approximately 47.33%
of the total area will be disturbed by the end of the minelife of the Pantay Quarry. The Pantay Quarry
components and estimated areas disturbed at the end of minelife are the following.
Table No. 1.12: Estimated Disturbed Areas of Pantay Quarry

Component Estimated Area
(Has)
1. Quarry Benches 8.1
2. Quarry Pit Bottom Area 25.5
Haul roads (within the quarry area)
Topsoil stockpile area (within the quarry area)
Settling Pond (within the pit bottom) (4.1 hectares) Used as
source of irrigation within the immediate vicinity
Total Area 33.6
Quarry Benches Pit Bottom
Settling Pond Signage

Plate 2: Photographs of the quarry areas
Progressive rehabilitation is yet to be implemented because all areas are still active mining area and
no declared mine out areas yet. At the end of the MPSA life, a total of 25 hectares will be
progressively rehabilitated out of the 33.6 disturbed areas. The remaining 8.6 hectares will be
rehabilitated under the FMRDP.

Shown below is the location of silation ponds for Pantay and Pamias 2 Quarry areas.
Figure 1.19: Pamias 2 Silt Pond

Figure 1.20: Pantay Silt Pond
Crushing
The crusher is responsible for the primary size reduction of the quarried materials. Boulders as big as 1
meter are being crushed to material sizes less than 80 mm. The crushing facility is installed near the
cement plant to process to appropriate size ready for cement manufacturing. The crushing plant is
equipped with an apron feeder, a jaw crusher, belt conveyors, two cone crushers, a scalping screen,
two sizing screens, a sand classifier, silt traps and water reservoirs with pumps.

Pre-blending
The crushed materials pass through an on-line analyzer to determine the pile composition. A stacker is
then used to create different piles of materials and to reduce variation in material beds.
Raw grinding and blending

A belt conveyor transports the pre-blended piles into
individual bins where a weighing feeder proportions it
according to the type of clinker to be produced. The
materials are then ground into the desired fineness by the
raw mill equipment.
The powdered raw meal is then transported into a

continuous blending storage silo where variations are
further reduced by
Coal Storage Area
mixing using
aeration.
Burning and clinker cooling

The homogenized raw mix is fed into the pre-heater, heat
exchange equipment composed of a series of cyclones wherein
heat transfer between the raw mix feed and the counter current hot
gases from the kiln take place. Calcinations partially take place in
the preheater. Raw meal is fed directly from the preheater to the
rotary kiln. The slight angle of inclination and rotation of the kiln
causes the raw feed to slowly make its way through the kiln counter
current to the
burner flame. The
heat of the kiln
breaks the
Pre-Heater
chemical
components and
brings the raw mix into a semi-molten state.
At this point, raw materials form
compounds that produce the cementitous properties.
After the burning section of the kiln, the materials turn
into solid nodules known as clinker and discharge into
the clinker cooler. Clinkerization occurs between 1350-
1400 °C wherein fine coal, pulverized by coal milling, is
often used as heating fuel.
The clinker cooler cools the hot granular mass of clinker by quenching air into it bringing the temperature
down to 100 °C. So air becomes hot and clinker cold. This hot air is then utilized as combustion air for
the firing system of the kiln. Conveyors transport then the cooled clinker to the clinker storage silo.
Finish grinding n
From the clinker silo, clinker is transferred to the clinker bin. It passes through the weighing feeder,
which regulates its flow in proportion with the additive materials. At this stage, gypsum is added to the
clinker and then fed to the finish grinding mills. Gypsum serves as a retarder in the too rapid setting or
hardening of cement.
Either the mixture of clinker and gypsum for Type-1 cement or the mixture of clinker, gypsum and
pozzolan material for Type-P cement is pulverized in a closed circuit system in the finish mills to the
desired fineness. Cement is now piped to cement silos.

Packing and distribution

The cement from the cement silos are packed into bags
by rotary packers or loaded as bulk and are distributed
either by land using forwarder trucks and bulk trucks or
by sea using barges or bulk ships.
The Project has support facilities such as office

buildings, warehouse, laboratory, truck scale,
hardstands, powerhouse, machine shop, Motorpool
area, guard houses/gate, canteen/cooperative, chapel,
housing compound, guest house, clinic, environmental
protection structures and nursery. Packhouse
Canteen and Cooperative Chapel

Clinic Plant Manager Building
EHS Office Warehouse
Truck Scale
Nursery
Plate 3: Photographs of the cement plant complex
1.6.3 Abandonment (Land/soil restoration, decontamination or remediation activities and

procedures & projected year of Abandonment)
DECOMMISSIONING PLAN
The decommissioning of this Project will abide by good environmental practices and principles,
especially the management of wastes resulting from the dismantling process. The separate and detailed
Abandonment Plan will be integrated with the Final Mines Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan for
the manufacturing plant itself and submitted to all the government regulatory agencies concerned.
By the nature of the project, there are no anticipated residual soil, water and air contamination with
hazardous substances in event of project abandonment.
Project closure will result to the following:
Loss/decrease taxes by the National Government. These taxes are Corporate Income Tax, Excise Tax
on Minerals, Customs Duties, Value Added Tax, Documentary Stamp Tax and Capital Gains Tax. On

the local government level, the following taxes will be affected such as Business Tax, Real Property
Tax, Registration Fees, Occupation Fees, Community Tax and other Local Taxes. Other taxes such as
Withholding Taxes on Payroll, Interest Income in Banks and Stockholders Dividends will likewise be
affected.
Loss of financial allocations for approved plans/programs such as the Social Development and
Management Plan (Php5.2M), Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (Php40M) and
Final Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan.
Loss of employment. Currently (2009) there are 167 employees of the project excluding the contractors.
The closure of the project will meant loss of income or business opportunities derived from the project
such as the transport sector, the Small-Medium Enterprises like stores, eateries, etc.
Loss of funding for various company supported social work projects such as medical missions, outreach
programs, support to education, etc.
The company proposes a final land use of a stable and revegetated area for the disturbed areas and
the conversion of the support structures to other productive uses such as offices, warehouses, etc.
Eventually, the area can become a residential and/or commercial area.
The selection of the final land use for the Project was based on the following four (4) point criteria:
1st criteria. The naturally occurring hazard in the area that may render it unusable or unfit for other
productive land use. There are no naturally occurring hazards in the area. The area is not traversed by
major active faults, it is not located within typhoon belt, it is not located in steep and landslide prone
areas, etc. Hence, the area can be revegetated after the commercial life of the Project.
2nd Criteria. The level of environmental and social impacts cause by the operation. The environmental
impacts of the project will not render the area unusable after the life of the project. There are no toxic
wastes generated by the Project. It has lesser impact to the environmental considering that it is a non-
metallic project. Moreover, the impact area of the project remains constant throughout the operating life.
No additional areas are disturbed. On the social impacts of operations, the Project provided a positive
effect to the host community in particular and to the national government in general. These are in terms
of employments provided, taxes paid, etc. The Project is in operation since 1967, since then, other
industries and residential areas continue to develop near the Project.
3rd Criteria. The expected post-closure operational use of the land. The development of other industries
and residential areas near the project and within the city of Antipolo and town of Teresa as a whole
caters well to the proposed final land use. The proximity of the project to Metro Manila makes it also an
ideal for the proposed final land use that could eventually become a residential and/or commercial area.
4th Criteria. The productivity of the land surrounding the site. The proposed final land use will adapts and
fit in with the surrounding land use of the city of Antipolo, the Municipalities of Teresa and Binangonan.
Currently, there are other quarrying/manufacturing industries and residential areas near the project as
well as residential areas and agricultural lands.
Considering the abovecited criteria, SCC is proposing a five (5) FMRDP. However, if the proposed five
(5) year FMRDP is not sufficient to guarantee the success of rehabilitation as determined during the
periodic review of the FMRDP every two (2) years, SCC commits to amend the FMRDP and provide the
necessary financial requirement. Moreover, any residual care after the implementation of the FMRDP
will be shouldered by SCC.
Final Land Use
1.7 Manpower
Manpower complement will be composed of men and women and able-bodiedfit to work personnel of
no particular age. During construction, an estimated manpower of 500 workers for the first 6 months will
be required. The SCC’s Contractor will be in charge of hiring workers wherein SCC will impose on the
prioritization of local residents. Provided in Table 1.16 below is an illustration of the manpower
requirement that may be required for this project. This was based on a similar project abroad. The first

five to six months are site development and after that period, manpower requirement would increase for
the partial execution of civil works for foundations which may reach around 707 people in 12 months
which will peak on the 17 month. During operations, existing manpower will be tapped. All in all including
additional hiring, an estimated total of 275 manpower will compose operations and maintenance.
Table 1.16: Manpower
LOCAL HIRES
1.8 Project Cost

The expansion project will entail an estimated capital cost of Two Hundred Twenty-Five Million United
States Dollars (US$225M), which considering an exchange rate of 50Php/US$ is equal to Eleven Billion
Two Hundred Fifty Million Philippine Pesos (Php11.250B).
After securing all the required and necessary clearances and permits, additional construction will
commence and be completed in approximately Thirty (30) months.

CHAPTER II: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
2.1 LAND
2.1.1 Land Use and Classification
IMPACT IN TERMS OF COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING LAND USE

The Project has no impact on land use and classification because the current classification of the project
area of Solid Cement Corporation is industrial. Shown in Figure 2.1.1 is the Land use map of Antipolo
superimposing the project site.
IMPACT ON COMPATIBILITY WITH CLASSIFICATION AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY

CRITICAL AREA (ECA)
There is no ECA in the and near the project area / site thus no impact on ECA. Provided in Figure 2.1.2
is the NAMRIA Map showing the project area.
IMPACT ON EXISTING LAND TENURE ISSUE/S

The project area is not under CARP or with CADC/CADT/CALC/CALT, IFMA or CBFMA. It is owned by
Solid Cement Corporation with respect to the cement plant area and has existing and valid MPSA with
respect to the quarry areas. Attached in Annex C is the Lease Contract between Solid Cement
Corporation and IQAc. Also, with respect to land tenure issues, discussions with informal settlers are
prioritized in cases where their areas will be affected. Provided in Figure 2.1.3 is the Antipolo Base Map
showing the project area.
IMPAIRMENT OF VISUAL AESTHETICS

There are no visually significant landforms/ landscape/structures near the project site.
DEVALUATION OF LAND VALUE AS A RESULT OF IMPROPER SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT AND OTHER RELATED IMPACTS
The Project will not contribute to the devaluation of land value resulting from improper solid waste
management and other related impacts because the Project will faithfully comply with the provisions of
RA 9003 and adhere to Antipolo’s ordinances on solid waste and environmental programs because the
City of Antipolo is one of the cities which fully implement the Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.

Figure 2.1.1: Land use map of Antipolo superimposing the project site

Figure 2.1.2: NAMRIA map superimposing the project site (enlarged map in hard copy)

Figure 2.1.3: Antipolo Base Map

2.1.2 Geology/Geomorphology
2.1.2.1 Change in surface Landform / Geomorphology/ Topography/Terrain/Slope

Antipolo City including the project area is generally hilly and mountainous, with the hilly portions lying in
the west and the mountainous area concentrated in the east as part of the Sierra Madre Mountain
Range. Well-watered valleys are located in the middle of the city and in the northern and southern edges.
Plateaus of over 200 meters above sea level are seen in the western half of the study area, including
the site of the Poblacion and portions of Barangay Cupang and San Juan. In the eastern half, these are
seen in Brgy. Calawis and San Jose overlooking the Boso-Boso River Valley to the west. Shown in
Figure 2.1.2 is the NAMRIA map showing the topography of the project area while shown in Figure
2.1.2.0 is the slope and elevation map.
2.1.2.2 Change in sub-surface geology/underground conditions

The northwestern margin of Rizal Province is distinctly mountainous characterized by moderately- to
highly-steep topography. The Project Area is bounded by several mountain ridges, From its north to
south, a series of sloping ridges, hills and mountain ranges garnish the Municipality of Rodriguez
trending almost northward and attaining a maximum elevation of1,469 -meters (Mt. Irid).The gently
cement plant slopes comprises the Marikina River Valley, where water from higher elevations drains
towards the Marikina River and its tributaries at the southwestern portion of the municipality, elevations
at these western lowlands ranges from 10 to 30 meters above sea level(masl). The western portion of
the flatlands gently rises towards the west, which is part of Quezon City. These high elevations are
drained by several major rivers, namely, Tanay, Puray and Rodriguez Rivers. Generally, these rivers
display dendritic to trellis patterns.
The Bureau of Soils and Water Management recognized five geomorphic management units in Antipolo,
namely, minor alluvial plain, plateau, sedimentary hills, volcanic hills, and miscellaneous, (Table 2.1)
which may be further subdivided into various land management units (LMU).
Table 2.1: Landforms in Antipolo, Rizal

Geomorphic Management Unit Land Management Unit Area (has.) Share (%)
Minor alluvial plain interhill mini plain 1015 52
Plateau basaltic plateau 41 2
Sedimentary hill Limestone hill 40 2
shale/sandstone low relief 61 3
Volcanic hill basaltic hill, low relief 104 5
andesitic hill, low relief 260 13
ultrabasic hill, high relief 40 2
Miscellaneous urban 100 5
quarry 296 15
Total 1957 100.00
A minor alluvial plain is formed by recent alluvium consisting of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and some cobbles
deposited by gravity from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. InAntipolo, this is observed as
an interhill mini plain, which is a level to nearly level, narrow plain in between hills with slopes ranging
from 0 to 3 percent.
Mixed sediments, shale/sandstone, limestone, basalt, andesite and agglomerate are the parent
materials of different rock types in the municipality (Table 2.2), Common minerals calcite and carbonate
materials from limestone made up 10% of the province’s rock type.
Table 2.2: Distribution of Rock Type/Parent Materials By Mode of Formation, 1987

Parent Material Common minerals Mode of Formation Area % to the
(has) Province
Mixed Mainly quartz and clay Fluviatile deposition 803 4.7
sediments
Shale/sandstone Quartz,clay and some Mechanical deposition 151 1.3
authigenic minerals
Limestone Calcite, carbonate minerals Chemical deposition 420 10.0

Basalt Feldspar,biotite,hornblende Volcanic flow effusion 126 4.0

Andesite Quartz, feldspar, biotite Volcanic flow effusion 291 1.18
hornblende
Agglomerate Quartz,feldspar Accumulation of 69 0.69
ferromagnesian volcanic ejecta
Source: The Physical Environment and Agro-Socio Economics; Province of Rizal, DA BSWM Manila
Mineral Resources
The City of Antipolo is endowed with natural and mineral resources as evidenced by the mining and
quarrying activities in the locality. It has several mining and quarrying projects with MPSA which is a
mineral agreement wherein the government shares in the production of the contractor, whether in kind
or in value, as owner of the minerals. In return, the contractor shall provide the necessary financing,
technology, management and personnel for the mining project.
The regional ground motion hazard study for the entire Philippines that was carried out by Thenhaus
and others (1994) was able to come up with peak horizontal ground acceleration maps for different types
of materials. The peak horizontal ground acceleration (g) with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50
years was measured (Figure 2.1.2.2).
Shown in Figure 2.1.2.1 is the Geologic Map of Antipolo City and its vicinity.
Figure 2.1.2.1: Geologic Map of Antipolo City and its vicinity

Figure 2.1.2.2: Topographic Map Showing the Cross Section Line Along the Project

Figure 2.1.2.0A: Cross Sectios Along the Project Site elevation
The cross section shows that the limestone claim MPSA 124-98 has slope ranging from 12 degrees at section A
and 20 to 30 slope angle at Section B. The MPSA 116 - 98 has slope of 15 degrees Section C.

2.1.2.3 Inducement of Subsidence, Liquefaction, Landslide, Mud/Debris Flow, Earthquake

Hazard
Regional Tectonic Setting

The Luzon Island lies approximately 800 km southeast of mainland China. It is situated at the margins
of the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. The stresses induced by these two plates resulted in the
formation of two oppositely dipping subduction zones bounding the archipelago. These subduction
zones delineate the active deformation zone in the region known as the Philippine Mobile Belt (Gervasio
1966). A major strike slip fault zone, the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), transects this belt from Luzon to
Eastern Mindanao. It is also bounded by several subduction zones that include the Manila-Negros-Sulu-
Cotabato Trench and the East Luzon Trough - Philippine Trench along its western and eastern
boundary, respectively. In addition, it is transected by the NE-SW trending left-lateral strike slip
Philippine Fault Zone. The 1200-km, sinistral PFZ transecting the archipelago has an average slip rates
of 3 to 5 cm/yr. Barrier (1991) proposed a synchronous formation of Philippine rates of 3 to 5 cm/yr.
Barrier (1991) Fault and the Philippine Trench under a shear partitioning mechanism. The Project Site
is located in Rizal at the western flank of SSM in northeastern Luzon, Philippines. There are three
prominent structural features located in the said province which had a significant influence on their
tectonic evolution. These are: (1) Valley Fault System; (2) Angat Fault; and (3) Philippine Fault. The
Valley Fault System consists of two NE-trending faults namely, the West Valley Fault (WVF) and the
East Valley Fault (EVF) (MGB-DENR, 2004).
The Angat Fault is a NW-SE trending fault, extending from Palale up to Anginan River in Rodriguez for
about 75-km in length (Revilla,1988). The Philippine Fault is a left-lateral type of fault, which bisects
most of the Philippine archipelago from eastern Mindanao to Luzon for more than 1,200-km (Aurelio et
al., 1991). This fault together with the Philippine Trench appears to have been formed synchronously,
under the so-called shear partitioning mechanism as proposed by some previous authors (e.g. Aurelio,
2000).
Earthquake hazard is the perceptible trembling to violent shaking of ground caused by either tectonic
movements or volcanic activity. Areas that are susceptible to this hazard are those underlain by
unconsolidated soils and sediments deposited on the low-lying areas (Figure 2.1.2.2). The potential
earthquake related hazards that are likely to occur in the project area are ground shaking, settlement
and flooding.
Amplification of shaking (surface

Low waves) Hig
h
.. . .
. . .. .
.
Hard Igneous Sedimentary Rocks Alluviu Silt, mud

Rock m
Figure 2.1.2.2: Generalized Relationship Between Near Earth Surface Earth Material and Amplification
of Shaking During Seismic Event
The area investigated is prone to ground shaking hazards due to the presence of several earthquake
generators in the region (Punongbayan, 1989). There are three prominent structural features located in
Rizal which had a significant influence on their tectonic evolution. These are: (1) Valley Fault System;

(2) Angat Fault; and (3) Philippine Fault. The Valley Fault System consists of two NE-trending faults
namely, the West Valley Fault (WVF) and the East Valley Fault (EVF) (MGB-DENR, 2004).
The regional ground motion hazard study for the entire Philippines that was carried out by Thenhaus
and others (1994) was able to come up with peak horizontal ground acceleration maps for different types
of materials. The peak horizontal ground acceleration (g) with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50
years was measured.
Natural Hazards
Fault Line
An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock
materials below the earth’s surface (L.Bautista, 2008). Earthquakes are caused either by the sudden
movement along faults and trenches (tectonic), or by the movement of magma beneath the volcanoes
(volcanic).In the province, there is the West Valley Fault System (WVFS) composed of two major
northeast trending faults). The East Valley Fault and the West Valley Fault, traverse the Marikina Valley
and the adjoining municipalities of Rodriguez, San Mateo, and Antipolo as well as some portions of
eastern Metro Manila. According to Philvocs, the fault line is active and further study is being conducted.
Fault line is one where vertical or lateral movement (displacement) is still likely to occur. Movement
along the fault line causes earthquake with accompanying destruction of property and even loss of lives.
Antipolo is not prone to liquefaction as shown in Figure 2.1.2.3 and prone to earthquake triggered
landslide as shown in Figure 2.1.2.5.
The past earthquake event along the West Valley Fault was last August 19, 1658 while on the East
Valley fault was on Feb. 1, 1771.
There are 8 municipalities of Rizal near Laguna Lake (Angono, Binangonan, Cardona, Morong, Baras,
Tanay, Pilia, Jala-jala) Antipolo City, Taytay, E. Rodriguez, San Mateo, Cainta, Teresa
Figure 2.1.2.3 shows the Active Faults and Liquefaction Map while Figure 2.1.2.4 is the Distribution of
Active Faults and Trenches in Region IVA.

Figure 2.1.2.3: Active Faults and Liquefaction Map

Figure 2.1.2.4: Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region IVA

Figure 2.1.2.5: Earthquake-triggered Landslide Susceptibility

Flood Prone Areas

Flood is the overflowing of water to land that is normally dry. It is a temporary rise of the water level, as
in a river or lake or along a seacoast, resulting in its spilling over and out of its natural or artificial confines
onto land that is normally dry. It is a form of natural disaster when there is more water than the lakes,
rivers, oceans, or ground can hold. Floods are usually caused by excessive runoff from precipitation or
snowmelt, or by coastal storm surges or other tidal phenomena. Floods are sometimes described
according to their statistical occurrence. A fifty-year flood is a flood having a magnitude that is reached
in a particular location on average once every fifty years. In any given year there is a two percent
statistical chance of the occurrence of a fifty-year flood and a one percent chance of a hundred-year
flood.
The city is not susceptible to flooding. In rare occasion where it experienced heavy flooding specifically
during Tropical Storm Ondoy, Barangays May-iba, Dalig, San Gabriel, San Roque and Bagumbayan
which are located near the rivers were inundated. The silted and shallow river overflowed causing
widespread flooding.
Landslide prone
Rizal
Following are the areas which are landslide prone:
 Angono
 Binangonan
 Cardona
 Morong
 Baras
 Tanay
 Pilia
 Jala-jala
 Antipolo City (moderately susceptible as per MGB Hazard map)
 Taytay
 E. Rodriguez
 San Mateo
 Cainta
 Teresa
Based on the Geohazard Map where the the Project site is located is in a moderate landslide and
flood susceptible area.

Project site
Figure 2.1.2.6: Geohazard Map of Antipolo, Rizal

Pollution-Hazard
The municipality is prone to pollution hazards specifically air, noise water pollution. The cement plant
is a threat to nearby residents considering its accompanying waterborne, airborne, and noise pollutants.
Pollution devices to trap dust and purify smoke emanating from the smokestacks should be in place.
Disturbing noise from truck engines, rock grinders, and plant turbines are expected hence, as a matter
of policy these plants should be situated as far away from populated sections of the area as possible.
However, for SCC, history wil show that it was built in the area even when the communities now present
are not yet in the area.
2.1.3 Pedology
2.1.3.1 Soil erosion / loss of topsoil / overburden

Erosion is a geologic phenomenon involving the removal of surface soil particles by the action of water
or wind and the transport of the removed soil to another location. Erosion can be triggered by a
combination of factors such as: steep slopes, type of soil, cycle of dry and rainfall events, sparse
vegetation or forest fires. For this project the erodibility at site is a function of several parameters other
than those cited above.
Mine Rehabilitation
The project will employ underground mining method where minimal surface will be affected and the use
of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), given below is deemed as not applicable and unnecessary.
A=RkLSCP
Where:
A = mean annual loss of soil in hectares
R = rainfall factor
k = soil erodability
L = slope length
S = steepness
C = cover and management
P = erosion management Practice
Moreover the mine rehabilitation will integrate the actual experiences from the initial mining operations
under the existing ECC. Planting of trees were undertaken to rehabilitate and to stabilize the cut slopes.
There is no mine out area yet because all areas at the quarry site are all active areas.
Considering that the surface drainage of the soil s good to excessive but highly susceptible to erosion
especially in the upland and steep areas as indicated in the report, the proponent will implement
measures such as proper drainage system, stabilization of slopes and use of proper mining procedures
and technology.
2.1.3.2 Change in soil quality/fertility

The aspects of soil erosion/soil quality/fertility are not relevant for the project site which is dedicated to
cement manufacturing operations and wherein no agricultural activities are undertaken and no land
conversion is necessary.
Soils and Land Capability

Antipolo has two types of soils. These are the Antipolo Clay and Binangonan Clay. Around 88.42% of
the total land area of the city is covered by Antipolo Clay. It is characterized by a reddish brown, granular
and friable soil surface. The surface drainage of the soil is good to excessive but highly susceptible to
erosion especially in the upland and steep areas.
Soil Suitability
Antipolo’s suitable area for rice crops is approximately 12.36 percent of land area (Table 2.9) and is
located in the southwestern and central sections’ flat land.

Table 2.9: Soil Suitability for Rice Crops

Classification Area (hectares), 1984a Area (hectares), 2000 b
Highly suitable 2002.50 2174
Moderately suitable 721.47 554.6
Marginally suitable 269.39 284.04
Not suitable 12204.64 12114.3
Total 16198.00 15126.97
Antipolo’s highly and moderately suitable areas for tree crops, at 19.45 percent and 15.65 percent of
land area (Table 2.10), respectively, are distributed throughout except at Teresa’s northern boundary.
Table 2.10: Soil Suitability for Tree Crops

Classification Area (hectares), 1984a Percent of land Area (hectares),
area (%) 2000 b
Highly suitable 3151.18 19.45 2945.04
Moderately suitable 2535.15 15.65 2318.65
Marginally suitable 6561.46 40.51 4408.93
Not suitable 3950.21 24.39 5454.35
Total 16198.00 15126.97
Antipolo’s highly and moderately to marginally suitable areas for diversified crops, at 17.51 percent
and 17.66 percent of land area, respectively, are dispersed throughout Antipolo (Table 2.11).
Table 2.11: Soil Suitability for Diversified Crops

Classification Area (hectares), Percent of land area Area (hectares),
1984a (%) 2000 b
Highly suitable 2836.65 17.51 2603
Moderately suitable 281.67 1.74 335.6
Marginally suitable 2578.45 15.92 2362.68
Not suitable 10501.23 64.83 9825.69
Total 16198.00 15126.97
Antipolo’s highly and fairly suitable areas for urban development, are approximately 19.83 percent and
11.96 percent of land area, respectively (Table 2.12).
Table 2.12: Soil Suitability for Urban Use

b
Classification Area (hectares), Percent of land area Area (hectares), 2000
1984a (%)
Good 3211.95 19.83
Fair 1937.63 11.96
Not suitable 11048.42 68.21
Total 16198.00
Also, the project will even enhance the environment compared to a no project scenario because
mitigating measures, dust management system in particular will be installed versus uncontrolled dust
emission from the open project area on a no project scenario.
Soil quality has been tested and attached are the soil test results and sampling site map.



Figure 2.1.2.7: Soil sampling site map

2.1.4 Terrestrial Ecology
2.1.4.1 Terrestrial Flora

The Terrestrial Flora assessment of Solid Cement Corporation (SCC) Mineral Production Sharing
Agreement (MPSA) 124-98 (Pamias 2) & MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) covering 47 hectares
and 70 hectares, respectively located at Barangay San Jose, Antipolo City, Rizal (Table 1 and Figure 1)
were conducted in May 26 to 28, 2016.
Table 2.1.4.1. Geographical coordinates of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) & MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Corners Northing Easting Corners Northing Easting
1 121° 12' 44.18" E 14° 35' 12.06" N 1 14° 36' 55.20" N 121° 12' 55.80" E
2 121° 12' 56.43" E 14° 35' 10.94" N 2 14° 36' 54.71" N 121° 13' 24.49" E
3 121° 12' 56.69" E 14° 35' 08.19" N 3 14° 36' 46.12" N 121° 13' 27.73" E
4 121° 12' 57.38" E 14° 35' 08.25" N 4 14° 36' 40.81" N 121° 13' 18.48" E
5 121° 12' 59.10" E 14° 35' 03.91" N 5 14° 36' 27.89" N 121° 13' 22.69" E
6 121° 13' 02.58" E 14° 34' 51.38" N 6 14° 36' 27.13" N 121° 13' 33.34" E
7 121° 13' 05.62" E 14° 34' 44.04" N 7 14° 36' 23.01" N 121° 13' 33.44" E
8 121° 12' 52.99" E 14° 34' 34.74" N 8 14° 36' 19.98" N 121° 13' 35.81" E
9 121° 12' 48.66" E 14° 34' 48.03" N 9 14° 35' 56.96" N 121° 13' 36.50" E
10 121° 12' 43.53" E 14° 34' 52.42" N 10 14° 35' 56.15" N 121° 13' 41.44" E
11 121° 12' 46.12" E 14° 34' 56.99" N 11 14° 35' 45.93" N 121° 13' 41.83" E
12 121° 12' 44.67" E 14° 35' 00.89" N 12 14° 35' 42.19" N 121° 13' 34.95" E
Area: 47 hectares 13 14° 35' 56.45" N 121° 13' 27.45" E
14 14° 36' 20.39" N 121° 13' 22.18" E
15 14° 36' 20.21" N 121° 13' 10.97" E
16 14° 36' 41.40" N 121° 13' 11.00" E
17 14° 36' 42.66" N 121° 12' 56.09" E
Area: 70 hectares
Source: Solid Cement Corporation, Antipolo City, Rizal
Methodology
Data Gathering
Secondary data/ information such as MPSA maps were gathered from SCC and land cover map from
the DENR. These maps were overlaid and processed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
ArcView 10.1 software application to generate reference map showing various types of ecosystems,
topography, slope, elevations, access roads/ trails, tributaries, and residential/ built-up areas. These
reference map serves as a guide map and was instrumental in the determination and selection of
appropriate actions/ methods to be employed for each type of ecosystems. Other secondary information
was obtained from the websites, specifically DENR and relevant institutions/ organization with database
on floral taxonomy, endemicity/ geographical distribution, known conservation status, and uses/
importance. Reconnaissance survey prior to conduct of actual assessment was conducted to gather
initial impression of the subject MPSA areas with respect to types of ecosystems, floral assemblages,
and composition.

Figure 2.1.4.1: Location map of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) and MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Map Source: Solid Cement Corporation, Antipolo City, Rizal

Primary data gathering for assessing the floral composition of the two MPSAs follows Patch Sampling
Technique (Oshawa, 1991; Rice and Lambshed, 1994) based on land cover or landuse. The approach
uses the selection of patches as a landscape element to determine floral composition of the study area,
specifically in areas with vegetative cover. Nested sampling plots using Quadrat Sampling Method
(QSM) measured at 20m x 20m (400m2) dimensions were established within the vegetative cover along
transect walk/line with roads and foot trails as access point. The location of each sampling plots were
recorded using handheld GeoCam application for android mobile phones and tablets with build-in World
Geodetic Systems 1984 (WGS 84) geographical datum/reference commonly used in geo-tagging and
locational survey. In all, floral assessment was conducted in 13 sampling points with an aggregate area
of 5,200m2 as presented in Table 2 and in Figures 1 and 2 for the sampling locations. Complete
enumeration and documentation of floral assemblages in each sampling plots as well as species
encountered along trails were recorded in-situ following international and local standard of scientific
taxonomic nomenclatural and classification systems, characterization of plant community with respect
to species composition, plant form/ habit, geographical distribution/ ecology, conservation status and
endemism, species importance value indices (density, frequency, and dominance), biodiversity and
evenness, and uses/importance of each species.
Table 2.1.4.2: Geographical coordinates of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) and MPSA 124-98
(Pamias 2) sampling plots by type of ecosystems
MPSA/ Sampling Points Northing Easting Landuse/ Land Cover
MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
SP1 14°35'58.39"N 121°13'35.77"E Brushland/ Wooded Grassland
SP5 14°36'20.79"N 121°13'30.98"E Mixed Plantation
SP6 14°36'24.96"N 121°13'30.26"E Mixed Plantation
MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
Estimation of Relative Indices

Terrestrial flora assessment involves complete enumeration and documentation of plant species
encountered in each sampling points and recorded in-situ following acceptable scientific and standard
taxonomic nomenclatural classification systems. The assessment involves characterization of plant
community in relation to species composition, taxonomic classification or group, plant form and habit,
geographical distribution, relative indices of each species (density, frequency, dominance), importance
value (IV), biodiversity measurement and evenness index, endemicity and conservation status, and
importance/uses.
For the determination of importance value indices (IVIs), measures of absolute and relative abundances
of each species (density, frequency, and dominance) was used to describe the floral composition of
each Block. Below are the formulas used in determining the IVIs for each species (Curtes and Mc
Intosh, 1950), to wit;
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑅𝐷 ), 𝑖𝑛 % = 𝑥 100%;
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝑅𝐹 ), 𝑖𝑛 % = 𝑥 100%;
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑅𝐷𝑜𝑚), 𝑖𝑛 % = 𝑥 100%;
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 (𝐼𝑉𝐼) = ∑(𝑅𝐷 + 𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅𝐷𝑜𝑚)

Figure 2.1.4.2: Land cover map and location of sampling plots of MPSA 116-98 (Pamias 2)
Map Source: DENR-NAMRIA

Figure 2.1.4.3: Land cover map and location of sampling plots of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
Map Source: DENR-NAMRIA

Biodiversity and Evenness Measurement

Shannon-Weiner Index or 𝑯′ was used in computing the biodiversity measurement for comparing plant
communities. It is a measure of the average degree of “uncertainty” in predicting to what an individual
species chosen at random from a collection of 𝑺 species and 𝑵 individuals will belong (Magurran, 1988).
Shannon-Weiner information theoretic index is one of the most popular methods for expressing diversity
and important in determining the quality of every ecosystem. It is also being used as an indicator of
biodiversity loss or gain when applied to monitoring. The computed index may result in diversity values
𝑯′ ranging from zero (0) indicating low community complexity to 3.5 and above which implies a very
high complexity of plant community. The index is computed using the relative densities of species (𝒑𝒊 =
𝒏𝒊/𝑵), where 𝑛𝑖 are the abundance values for each 𝑖 species and 𝑁 is the total abundance for the data
set. The maximum likelihood estimator of 𝒑𝒊 = 𝒏𝒊/𝑵, where 𝒏𝒊 are the observed abundances for each
species 𝒊 and 𝑵 is the total abundance observes from the sample. Below is the formula for Shannon-
Weiner Biodiversity Index:
𝑯′ = − ∑𝑺𝒊=𝟎[(𝒑𝒊) 𝒍𝒏(𝒑𝒊)], where;

𝑯’, represents the symbol for the amount of diversity in ecosystem;
𝒑𝒊, represents the proportion or relative abundance of each individual species to the total (measured
from 0 to 1); and
𝒍𝒏 𝒑𝒊, represents the natural logarithm of 𝒑𝒊
On the other hand, Pielou’s Evenness Index or 𝑱’ denotes the maximum possible species diversity
𝑯𝒎𝒂𝒙 for a community were evenly distributed among all 𝑺 species. It expresses 𝑯’ relative to the
maximum value that 𝑯’ can obtain when all of the species in the sample are perfectly even with one
individual per species (Magurran, 1988). It is also expresses the condition of maximum evenness of
species in a plant community. Species evenness is calculated as the proportion of species diversity of
a particular plant community 𝑯’ by the maximum possible diversity for the community denoted by 𝑱’ =
𝑯/𝑯𝒎𝒂𝒙 when 𝑯/𝑯𝒎𝒂𝒙 the community has reached its maximum diversity. The value of 𝑱’ will
approach zero (0) as the community becomes dominated by a single species indicating decreasing
diversity. Below is the equation for computing evenness index;
𝑱’ = 𝑯/𝑯𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ∑(𝒑𝒊)(𝒍𝒏 𝒑𝒊)/𝒍𝒏𝑺, where

𝑺, is the number of species in a community;
𝒑𝒊, represents the proportion or relative abundance of each individual species to the total (measured
from 0 to 1); and
𝒍𝒏 𝒑𝒊, represents the natural logarithm of 𝒑𝒊
Computed values for 𝑯’ and 𝑱’ were then referred to the Fernando Biodiversity Scale in Table 2.1.4.3
to qualify the sampled areas in terms of biodiversity and evenness levels.
Table 2.1.4.3. The Fernando Biodiversity and Evenness Indices (1988)

Relative Values Shannon Biodiversity (H’) Index Pielou (J’) Evenness Index
Very High 3.5 and above 0.75-1.00
High 3.0 – 3.49 0.50-0.74
Moderate 2.5 – 2.99 0.25-0.49
Low 2.0 – 2.49 0.15-0.24
Very Low 1.9 and below 0.05-0.14
Species Conservation Status and Endemicity

On determining conservation status and endemicity of each species, the International Union for the
Conservation and Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species 2014.2 and DENR-AO 2007-01
“Establishing the National List of Threatened Philippine Plant and Their Categories, and the List of Other
Wildlife Species were employed. The IUCN Red List is the world’s largest and most comprehensive
inventory of the global conservation of biological species. The Red List is set upon precise criteria to
evaluate the extinction of thousands of species and subspecies. The aim of the Red List is to convey
the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy-makers, as well as help the international
community to try to reduce species extinction. It is aimed to provide scientifically based information on
the status of the species and subspecies at a global level; draw attention to the magnitude and
importance of threatened biodiversity; influence national and international policy and decision-making;

and provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity (Source: Convention on
International Trade of Wild Flora and Fauna, Joint Meeting of the Animals and Plants Committee,
Shepherdstown, USA., December 2000, retrieved November 2012). Plants and animal assessed for
the IUCN Red List are the bearers of genetically and the building blocks of ecosystems, and information
on their conservation status and distribution provides the foundation of making informed decisions about
conserving extinction and the main purpose of the Red List is to catalogue and highlight those plants
and animals that are facing higher risk of extinction either those listed in Table 4. In addition, the DENR
AO 2007-01 was also used pursuant to Section 22 of Republic Act 9147, otherwise known as the Wildlife
Conservation and Protection Act of 2001.
Table 2.1.4.4: Definition of Conservation Status and/or Categories

Conservation International Union for the Conservation
DENR Administrative Order 2007-01
Status/ Categories of Nature (IUCN)
EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct when there is no Not defined.
reasonable doubt that the last individual
has died.
EXTINCT IN THE A taxon is Extinct in the wild when it is Not defined.
WILD (EW) known only to survive in cultivation, in
captivity or as a naturalized population
(or populations) well outside the past
range. A taxon is presumed extinct in the
wild when exhaustive surveys in known
and/or expected habitat, at appropriate
times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), and
throughout its historic range have failed
to record an individual. Surveys should
be over a time frame appropriate to the
taxon's life cycle and life form.
CRITICALLY A taxon is Critically Endangered when it Species or subspecies facing extremely high
ENDANGERED is facing an extremely high risk of risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate
(CR) extinction in the wild in the immediate future. This shall include varieties, formae,
future. or other infraspecific categories;
ENDANGERED A taxon is Endangered when it is not Species or subspecies that is not critically
(EN) Critically Endangered but is facing a very endangered but whose survival in the wild is
high risk of extinction in the wild in the unlikely of the causal factors continue
near future. operating. This shall include varities, formae,
or other infraspecific categories.
VULNERABLE A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Species or subspecies that is not critically
(VU) Critically Endangered or Endangered but endangered nor endangered but is under
is facing a high risk of extinction in the threat from adverse factors throughout its
wild in the medium-term future. range and is likely to move to the
endangered category in the future. This shall
include varieties, formae or other
infraspecific categories.
LOWER RISK (LR) A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been Not defined.
evaluated, does not satisfy the criteria for
any of the categories Critically
Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable.
Taxa included in the Lower Risk category
can be separated into three
subcategories:
Conservation Dependent (CD). Taxa Not defined.
which are the focus of a continuing
taxon-specific or habitat-specific
conservation programme targeted
towards the taxon in question, the
cessation of which would result in the
taxon qualifying for one of the threatened

Conservation International Union for the Conservation

DENR Administrative Order 2007-01
Status/ Categories of Nature (IUCN)
categories above within a period of five
years.
Near Threatened (NT). Taxa which do Not defined.
not qualify for Conservation Dependent,
but which are close to qualifying for
Vulnerable.
Least Concern (LC). Taxa which do not Not defined.
qualify for Conservation Dependent or
Near Threatened.
DATA DEFICIENT A taxon is Data Deficient when there is Not defined.
(DD) inadequate information to make a direct, or
indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction
based on its distribution and/or population
status. A taxon in this category may be well
studied, and its biology is well known, but
appropriate data on abundance and/or
distribution is lacking. Data Deficient is
therefore not a category of threat or Lower
Risk. Listing of taxa in this category
indicates that more information is required
and acknowledges the possibility that future
research will show that threatened
classification is appropriate. If the range of a
taxon is suspected to be relatively
circumscribed, if a considerable period of
time has elapsed since the last record of the
taxon, threatened status may well be
justified.
NOT EVALUATED A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet Not defined.
(NE) been assessed against the criteria.
Source: International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucn.org)
DENR Administrative Order 2007-01 “Establishing the National List of Threatened Philippine Plants and Their Categories,
and the List of Other Wildlife Species”. January 22, 2007.
Uses/ Importance
Plants play a key role in maintaining ecological balance and ecosystems stability. It provides ecological
goods and services for various purposes such as clean air and water, soil anchorage and slope
stabilization, herbal or alternative medicines as remedy for various ailments of folkloric and traditional
beliefs, sources of food and as shelter/ habitat for wildlife species, dyes/ tannins as coloring pigments,
fuelwood and firewood, pulp and paper production, essential oils for cosmetic purposes, building and
construction materials, aesthetic and recreational values, musical instruments and farm implements,
shelterbelts and windbreaks, and many other applications. Some species are used by researchers and
enthusiasts as keystone or indicator species for identifying quality of ecosystems. Uses and importance
of each plant species were documented through the use of technical researches/ studies conducted
and or compiled by various institutions. Uses of plant species found within the community were
documented through observations and interviews with local residents during the period of field
assessment.
Results and Discussions
Summary of Floral Species and Morphological Composition

A total of 66 morpho-species composed of 4118 individuals belonging to 61 genera and 36 families of
seed plants (angiosperm) that include monocots and dicots were identified and recorded within MPSA
116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) as shown in Table 5.

Table 2.1.4.5: Taxonomic/ Morphological Classification of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Taxa Number
Family 36
Genera 61
Species 66
Number of Individuals 4,118
On species composition (richness), the most speciosae (having several species) in terms of taxonomic
classification belongs to family Moraceae with 5 representative species (Ficus minahassae, F. nota, F.
ulmifolia, F. pseudopalma, and F. septica) and Annonaceae with 2 representative species (Annona
muricata and A. squamosal). Sampling points 1 and 2 recorded the highest number with 26 species
composed of 154 and 143 individuals, respectively. This was followed by sampling point 5 with 24
species and 254 individuals; sampling points 3 and 4 having 26 species each and number of individuals
at 220 and 252, respectively (Table 2.1.4.6 and Figure 2.1.4.4). Presence of other families represented
by species such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Musa sapientum, Gmelina arborea,
Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, and Chromolaena odorata and other agricultural/
horticultural crop species are indicators of disturbed/ fragmented ecosystems due to loss of original
vegetative cover in favor of other form of landuse that changes the overall landscape of the area.
Table 2.1.4.6: Species Composition/ Richness of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

Sampling Points No. of Species No. of Individuals
SP 1 26 154
SP 2 26 143
SP 3 23 220
SP 4 23 252
SP 5 24 254
TOTAL 1023
Species Richness of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

300
250
No. of Species No. of Individuals
No. of Species, Individuals
200
150
100
50
0
SP 1 SP 2 SP 3 SP 4 SP 5
Sampling Points
Figure 2.1.4.4: Species composition/ richness of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
In terms of morphological composition (plant growth/ habit), the MPSA recorded 5 different growths or
plant habit either trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, and herbs. The most number of species observed
belongs to trees with 30 representative species covering 53.03% represented by 35 species with 639
individuals; herbs with 11 representative species or 16.67% composed of 961 individuals; shrubs with
9 species or 13.64% and 575 individuals; vines with 6 representative species or 9.09% composed of

429 individuals; and grasses with 5 species representatives or 7.58% consisting of 1514 individuals
(Table 2.1.4.7).
Table 2.1.4.7: Morphological characteristics of Floral Species of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Plant Form/ Habit No. of Species Percent (%) No. of Individuals
Trees 35 53.03 639
Herbs 11 16.67 961
Shrubs 9 13.64 575
Vines 6 9.09 429
Grasses 5 7.58 1514
TOTAL 66 100 4,118

A total of 35 morpho-species composed of 1023 individuals belonging to 31 genera and 22 families of
seed plants (angiosperm) that include monocots and dicots were identified and recorded within MPSA
124-98 (Pamias 2) as shown in Table 2.1.4.8.
Table 2.1.4.8: Taxonomic/ Morphological Classification of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

Taxa Number
Family 21
Genera 34
Species 35
Number of Individuals 1,023
On species composition/ richness, the most speciosae (having several species) in terms of taxonomic
classification belongs to families Moraceae (Ficus ulmifolia and F. septica). Sampling point 1 registered
the highest number with 52 species with 536 individuals followed by sampling point 8 with 45 species
composed of 360 individuals; sampling point 7 with 42 species and 461 individuals; sampling point 5
with 40 species and 591 individuals; sampling point 6 with 38 species and 511 individuals; sampling
point 3 with 37 species and 518 individuals; sampling point 4 with 36 species and 628 individuals, and
sampling point 2 with 31 species and 513 individuals (Table 2.1.4.9 and Figure 2.1.4.5). Presence of
other associated families are represented by species such as Mangifera indica, Leucaena
leucocephala, and Chromolaena odorata and other agricultural/ horticultural crop species are indicators
of disturbed/ fragmented ecosystems due to loss of original vegetative cover in favor of other form of
landuse that changes the overall landscape of the area.
Table 2.1.4.9: Species Composition/ Richness of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

Sampling Points No. of Species No. of Individuals
SP 1 52 536
SP 2 31 513
SP 3 37 518
SP 4 36 628
SP 5 40 591
SP 6 38 511
SP 7 42 461
SP 8 45 360
TOTAL 4118

Species Richness of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

700
No. of Species No. of Individuals

600
No. of Species, Individuals
500
400
300
200
100
0
SP 1 SP 2 SP 3 SP 4 SP 5 SP 6 SP 7 SP 8
Sampling Points
Figure 2.1.4.5: Species composition/ richness of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
In terms of morphological composition (plant growth/ habit), the MPSA recorded 5 different growths or
plant habit either trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, and herbs. The most number of species observed
belongs to trees with 30 representative species covering 42.86% represented by 15 species with 150
individuals; herbs with 8 representative species or 22.86% composed of 250 individuals; shrubs with 6
species or 17.14% and 76 individuals; vines with 2 representative species or 5.71% composed of 228
individuals; and grasses with 4 species representatives or 11.43% consisting of 319 individuals (Table
2.1.4.10).
Table 2.1.4.10: Morphological characteristics of Floral Species of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

Plant Form/ Habit No. of Species Percent (%) No. of Individuals
Trees 15 42.86 150
Herbs 8 22.86 250
Shrubs 6 17.14 76
Vines 2 5.71 228
Grasses 4 11.43 319
TOTAL 35 100.00 1,023
Summary of Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, and Importance Value
Indices (IVIs)
Measures of absolute and relative abundance are used to assess the contribution of each species to a
community. These measures include density, the number of individuals within a chosen area; relative
density, the density of one species as a percentage of total density; frequency, the percentage of total
quadrats or points that contains at least one individual of a given species; relative frequency, the
frequency of one species as a percentage of total frequency; dominance, the total basal area of a given
species per unit area within the community; relative dominance, the dominance of one species as a
percentage of total dominance; and importance value, expressed as the relative contribution of a
species to the entire community expressed as a combination of relative density, relative frequency, and
relative dominance.
Each measures offer a different insight into the abundance of the species composing a community.
Density tells us the number of individuals per unit area but density is not necessarily proportional to
dominance because dominance for a given species expresses the area occupied by the species per

unit area. A species composed of primarily large individuals can have high dominance but it will likely
have low density, and unless regularly distributed, it will also have low frequency. Frequency, which is
often independent of density, expresses one measure of the distribution of individuals within the
community. A clumped species can have high density but also low frequency because it occurs in a
limited portion of the community. In contrast, a species that is individually and regularly distributed over
the landscape will have a high frequency but can have low density. Relative importance, as a
combination of relative values for density, frequency, and dominance, is used as a summary of the
influence that an individual species may have within the community. Recognize that two species with
the same relative importance can have markedly different values for relative density, frequency, or
dominance as any differences can be overshadowed by the addition process.

The Importance Value Indices of all species found in MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) are listed in
Table 11. The highest IVIs are Leucaena leucocephala with 96.26% followed by Paspalum conjugatum
with 23.62% and Imperata cylindrica with 14.52%; Chromolaena odorata with 14%; Centrocema
pubescens with 11.16%; Triumfetta rhomboidea with 9.88%; Ageratum conyzoides with 8.32%;
Bauhinia malabarica with 6.24%; Mangifera indica with 5.11%; and Gmelina arborea with 4.95%.The
IVIs of species does not necessarily indicate the ecological importance of the species but merely
summarizes the relativeness of species that can be used to profile and compare plant communities of
the MPSA. In the computed IVI, Leucaena leucocephala, a common species that thrives in open and
dry thickets have the highest IV due to numerous individuals and wide distribution is responsible for the
highest value compared to other species. This means that these species may have the tendency to
dominate the area and their contribution to biodiversity may manifest influence to the overall species
composition in the future. In the case of species with low IVIs which is largely attributed to low frequency
and few number of individuals growing in the area might be at risk in the future. The decline of individual
population of species with low IVIs might happen in the future due to succession of pioneer species
and/or land cultivation for agricultural production and/or other purposes.
Table 2.1.4.11: Summary of Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, and
Importance Value Index of all species in MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Plant Relative Relative
Species Common/ TOTAL No. Relative
Scientific Name Family Name Habit/ Density Dominance IVI
No. Local Name of Individuals Frequency (%)
Form (%) (%)
1 Hagimit Ficus minahassae Moraceae Tree 12 0.2914 0.9346 0.3973 1.62
(Teijsm. & de Vr.) Miq.
2 Tibig Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr. Moraceae Tree 5 0.1214 1.2461 0.0269 1.39
3 Hagonoy/ Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Herb 474 11.5104 2.4922 - 14.00
Gonoi (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
4 Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala Leguminosae Tree 259 6.2895 2.4922 87.4804 96.26
Lam.
5 Bayok Pterospermum Dombeyaceae Tree 12 0.2914 1.5576 0.0993 1.95
diversifolium Blume
6 Loher’s Ayo Tetrastigma loheri Vitaceae Vine 13 0.3157 1.5576 - 1.87
Gagnep.
7 Danupra Toona sureni (Blume) Meliaceae Tree 5 0.1214 0.3115 0.0097 0.44
Merr.
8 Gmelina/ Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lamiaceae Tree 31 0.7528 1.8692 2.3304 4.95
Yemane
9 Anonang Cordia dichotoma G. Boraginaceae Tree 8 0.1943 1.2461 0.0441 1.48
Forster
10 Agas-moro Vernonia cinerea (L.) Asteraceae Herb 29 0.7042 1.5576 - 2.26
Less.
11 Talitan Casearia fuliginosa Salicaceae Tree 4 0.0971 1.2461 0.0062 1.35
(Blanco) Blanco
12 Buho Schizostachyum Poaceae Grass 11 0.2671 1.5576 - 1.82
lumampao (Blanco) Merr.
13 Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lamk Moraceae Tree 7 0.1700 1.2461 0.0132 1.43
14 Ligas Semecarpus cuneiformis Anacardiaceae Tree 4 0.0971 1.2461 0.0248 1.37
Blanco
15 Kayumanis Clausena anisum-olens Rutaceae Tree 4 0.0971 1.2461 0.0559 1.40
(Blanco) Merr.


Form (%) (%)
16 Amor-seco Andropogon aciculatus Poaceae Grass 105 2.5498 1.5576 - 4.11
Retz.
17 Sablot Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Lauraceae Tree 12 0.2914 1.2461 0.1552 1.69
C.B. Rob.
18 Banato Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Tree 11 0.2671 1.5576 0.2556 2.08
(Lamk) Muell.-Arg.
19 Tarabtab Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Vine 4 0.0971 0.6231 - 0.72
20 Lanete Wrightia pubescens R. Apocynaceae Tree 18 0.4371 1.5576 0.2235 2.22
Br. subsp. laniti (Blanco)
Ngan
21 Santol Sandoricum koetjape Meliaceae Tree 4 0.0971 0.9346 0.1352 1.17
(Burm. f.) Merr.
22 Malunggay Moringa oleifera Lamk Moringaceae Tree 14 0.3400 0.9346 0.2112 1.49
23 Banana Musa sapientum L. Musaceae Herb 9 0.2186 0.6231 - 0.84
24 Nangka/ Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree 9 0.2186 0.9346 0.2828 1.44
Jackfruit Lam.
25 Carabao Paspalum conjugatum Poaceae Grass 870 21.1268 2.4922 - 23.62
grass P.J. Begius
26 Mango Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree 14 0.3400 2.1807 2.5877 5.11
27 Kakawate Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Mimosaceae Tree 38 0.9228 2.1807 1.2606 4.36
Kunth ex. Walp.
28 Coronitas Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Herb 27 0.6557 2.4922 - 3.15
29 Cogon Imperata cylindrica (L.) Poaceae Grass 521 12.6518 1.8692 - 14.52
Beauv.
30 Running Phyllostachys negripes Poaceae Grass 7 0.1700 1.2461 - 1.42
Bamboo Hayata
31 Tubang-usa Costus speciosus Costaceae Herb 9 0.2186 1.8692 - 2.09
(Koenig) Smith
32 Tagbak Alpinia elegans (Presl.) Zingiberaceae Herb 13 0.3157 1.2461 - 1.56
K. Schum.
33 Bagan- Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Solanaceae Shrub 15 0.3643 2.4922 - 2.86
bagan Bitter
34 Guyabano Annona muricata L. Annonaceae Tree 10 0.2428 1.2461 0.1078 1.60
35 Atis Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Tree 3 0.0729 0.9346 0.0048 1.01
36 Lanutan Mitrephora lanotan Annonaceae Tree 4 0.0971 1.2461 0.0084 1.35
(Blanco) Merr.
37 Avocado Persea Americana Miller Lauraceae Tree 7 0.1700 1.5576 0.1035 1.83
38 Tiesa Pouteria rivicoa Sapotaceae Tree 9 0.2186 1.2461 0.1964 1.66
(Gaertn.f.) Ducke
39 Aroma Acacia farnesiana (L.) Leguminosae Tree 15 0.3643 1.5576 0.1552 2.08
Willd.
40 Binunga Macarnga tanarius (L.) Euphorbiaceae Tree 13 0.3157 2.4922 0.1821 2.99
Muell.-Arg.
41 Sampalok/ Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae Tree 2 0.0486 0.3115 0.0110 0.37
Tamarind
42 Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Cannabaceae Tree 4 0.0971 1.2461 0.0172 1.36
Blume
43 Niog-niogan Ficus pseudopalma Moraceae Shrub 8 0.1943 1.2461 - 1.44
Blanco
44 Hauili Ficus septica Burm.f. Moraceae Tree 12 0.2914 1.8692 0.1552 2.32
45 Makahiya Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Herb 90 2.1855 2.1807 - 4.37
46 Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata Urticaceae Tree 5 0.1214 0.9346 0.0269 1.08
(Poir.) Wedd.
47 Papaya Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Herb 18 0.4371 1.2461 - 1.68
48 Malasapsap Ailanthus integrifolia Simaroubaceae Tree 5 0.1214 1.5576 0.0455 1.72
Lam.
49 Kulot-kulotan Triumfetta rhomboidea Malvaceae Shrub 317 7.6979 2.1807 - 9.88
(Turez.) Merr.
50 Kasoy Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree 4 0.0971 0.9346 0.0172 1.05
L.


Form (%) (%)
51 Pandakaki Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae Shrub 17 0.4128 1.5576 - 1.97
pandacaqui Poir.
52 Dalunot Pipturus arborescences Urticaceae Herb 13 0.3157 1.2461 - 1.56
(Link) C.B Rob.
53 Kollo-kollot Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Shrub 90 2.1855 1.8692 - 4.05
54 Lipang-aso Laportea interrupta (L.) Urticaceae Herb 26 0.6314 0.9346 - 1.57
Chew
55 Centrocema Centrocema pubescens Leguminosae Vine 357 8.6693 2.4922 - 11.16
Benth.
56 Tamling Coccinea grandis (L.) Cucurbitaceae Vine 25 0.6071 1.2461 - 1.85
Voigt
57 Hanopol- Poikilospermum erectum Uticaceae Vine 22 0.5342 1.2461 - 1.78
tindig (Blanco) Merr.
58 Albutra Arcangelisia flava (L.) Menispermaceae Vine 8 0.1943 1.2461 - 1.44
Merr.
59 Kahoy- Mussaenda philippica A. Rubiaceae Shrub 4 0.0971 0.9346 - 1.03
dalaga Rich.
60 Talong Datura metel L. Solanaceae Shrub 24 0.5828 1.8692 - 2.45
punay
61 Payang- Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Leguminosae Shrub 80 1.9427 2.4922 - 4.43
payang Roxb. ex. W. Aiton
62 Tubang- Jathropa curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub 20 0.4857 1.8692 - 2.35
bakod
63 Malapapaya Polyscias nodosa Araliaceae Tree 8 0.1943 0.9346 0.0441 1.17
(Blume) Seem.
64 Bulak-manok Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Herb 253 6.1438 2.1807 - 8.32
65 Alibangbang Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae Tree 41 0.9956 2.1807 3.0618 6.24
Roxb
66 Kusibeng Sapindus saponaria L. Sapindanceae Tree 26 0.6314 1.8692 0.2623 2.76
forma mirocarpa Radlk.
TOTAL 4118 100 100 100 300

For MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2), the species with the highest IVIs are Leucaen leucocephala with 85.56%
followed by Imperata cylindrica with 28.74%; Centrocema pubescens with 24.83%; Gliricidia sepium
with 22.03%; and Lantana camara with 20.43%. The IVIs of species does not necessarily indicate the
ecological importance of the species but merely summarizes the relativeness of species that can be
used to profile and compare plant communities of the MPSA. In the computed IVI, Leucaena
leucocephala, a common species that thrives in open and dry thickets have the highest IV due to
numerous individuals and wide distribution is responsible for the highest value compared to other
species. This means that these species may have the tendency to dominate the area and their
contribution to biodiversity may manifest influence to the overall species composition in the future. In
the case of species with low IVIs which is largely attributed to low frequency and few number of
individuals growing in the area might be at risk in the future. The decline of individual population of
species with low IVIs might happen in the future due to succession of pioneer species and/or land
cultivation for agricultural production and/or other purposes. The summary of relative density, relative
frequency, relative dominance, and importance value indices of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) is provided
in Table 2.1.4.12.

Table 2.1.4.12: Summary of Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, and
Importance Value Index of all species in MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
Form (%) (%)
1 Hagonoy/ Chromolaena odorata (L.) Asteraceae Herb 26 2.5415 4.4006 - 6.94
Gonoi R.M. King & H. Rob.
2 Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala Leguminosae Tree 58 5.6696 4.4006 75.4939 85.56
Lam.
3 Bayok Pterospermum diversifolium Dombeyaceae Tree 4 0.3910 2.6404 0.1899 3.22
Blume
4 Loher’s Ayo Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. Vitaceae Vine 10 0.9775 3.5205 - 4.50
5 Gmelina/ Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lamiaceae Tree 3 0.2933 1.7603 0.3756 2.43
Yemane
6 Anonang Cordia dichotoma G. Boraginaceae Tree 2 0.1955 1.7603 0.0475 2.00
Forster
7 Buho Schizostachyum lumampao Poaceae Grass 7 0.6843 2.6404 0.3272 3.65
(Blanco) Merr.
8 Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lamk Moraceae Tree 3 0.2933 1.7603 0.0417 2.10
9 Ligas Semecarpus cuneiformis Anacardiaceae Tree 3 0.2933 2.6404 0.2404 3.17
Blanco
10 Amor-seco Andropogon aciculatus Poaceae Grass 9 0.8798 2.6404 2.5389 6.06
Retz.
11 Sablot Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Lauraceae Tree 4 0.3910 1.7603 0.2967 2.45
Rob.
12 Banato Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Tree 5 0.4888 1.7603 0.9088 3.16
(Lamk) Muell.-Arg.
13 Lanete Wrightia pubescens R. Br. Apocynaceae Tree 6 0.5865 1.7603 0.4273 2.77
subsp. laniti (Blanco) Ngan
14 Carabao Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Poaceae Grass 54 5.2786 4.4006 - 9.68
grass Begius
15 Kakawate Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Mimosaceae Tree 32 3.1281 3.5205 15.3835 22.03
Kunth ex. Walp.
16 Coronitas Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Herb 164 16.0313 4.4006 - 20.43
17 Cogon Imperata cylindrica (L.) Poaceae Grass 249 24.3402 4.4006 - 28.74
Beauv.
18 Tubang-usa Costus speciosus (Koenig) Costaceae Herb 4 0.3910 3.5205 - 3.91
Smith
19 Tagbak Alpinia elegans (Presl.) K. Zingiberaceae Herb 2 0.1955 1.7603 - 1.96
Schum.
20 Bagan-bagan Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Solanaceae Shrub 18 1.7595 4.4006 - 6.16
Bitter
21 Aroma Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Leguminosae Tree 6 0.5865 2.6404 0.4273 3.65
22 Binunga Macarnga tanarius (L.) Euphorbiaceae Tree 10 0.9775 4.4006 1.8547 7.23
Muell.-Arg.
23 Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Cannabaceae Tree 2 0.1955 1.7603 0.0742 2.03
24 Hauili Ficus septica Burm.f. Moraceae Tree 7 0.6843 2.6404 0.9088 4.23
25 Makahiya Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Herb 18 1.7595 4.4006 - 6.16
26 Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata Urticaceae Tree 5 0.4888 1.7603 0.4637 2.71
(Poir.) Wedd.
27 Papaya Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Herb 3 0.2933 2.6404 - 2.93
28 Kulot-kulotan Triumfetta rhomboidea Malvaceae Shrub 24 2.3460 4.4006 - 6.75
(Turez.) Merr.
29 Pandakaki Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae Shrub 2 0.1955 1.7603 - 1.96
pandacaqui Poir.
30 Dalunot Pipturus arborescences Urticaceae Herb 1 0.0978 0.8801 - 0.98
(Link) C.B Rob.
31 Kollo-kollot Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Shrub 20 1.9550 3.5205 - 5.48
32 Centrocema Centrocema pubescens Leguminosae Vine 218 21.3099 3.5205 - 24.83
Benth.
33 Talong punay Datura metel L. Solanaceae Shrub 7 0.6843 2.3470 - 3.03
34 Payang- Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Leguminosae Shrub 5 0.4888 2.0709 - 2.56
payang Roxb. ex. W. Aiton
35 Bulak-manok Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Herb 32 3.1281 1.4082 - 4.54
TOTAL 1023 100 100 100 300

Species Diversity and Evenness MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) and MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to variety or variability among living organisms and the
ecological complexes in which they occur, and encompasses ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity
(D.B. Jensen, M. Torn, and J. Harte., 1990). Having a variety of livings in an area is important in the
health of the environment or biological systems. In general, the higher or the more diversity of life in the
environment, the better the environment is. On the other hand, species richness occurring within a
specific area or community measures a unique level of ecological organization which reflects the
biological structure of a community. A community with high species richness and diversity will likely
have a complex network of trophic pathways. In contrast, a community with low species richness and
diversity likely have a fewer species and trophic interactions. Interactions among species within the food
web of communities with high species diversity are theoretically more complex and varied than in
communities of low species diversity. Indices of species richness and species diversity are often used
in a comparative manner, that is, to compare communities growing under different environmental
conditions or to contrast stages of succession. Measurement of biodiversity is important given the
obvious declines on habitat quality in almost every ecological system. For this purpose, the Shannon’s
Biodiversity Index, the most practical and popular biodiversity measurement were used to examine the
overall community characteristics and quality of two or more distinct habitats and to describe the degree
of uncertainty of predicting the species of an individual picked at random from the community. The
uncertainty of occurrence increases both as the number of species increases and the individuals are
evenly distributed among all species in a given community. Using the, Shannon’s Biodiversity Index
may result in diversity value (H) ranging from zero indicating low community complexity to 3.5 and above
which indicates very high community complexity. This is the condition where maximum possible species
diversity composing the community is evenly distributed among all species. It is also a condition where
biodiversity is high and have reached its maximum evenness while a community composed of single
species or being dominated by a single species will have low biodiversity as its evenness reaches zero.
The overall floral diversity and evenness index of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) is H’ = 2.88
indicating a low biodiversity level and very high evenness index of 0.69. The high values for evenness
index can be attributed to the current landuse ecosystems consist of agricultural areas planted to fruit-
bearing trees and brushland/ wooded grassland ecosystem with scattered solitary trees. The highest
computed Shannon Biodiversity Index can be found in SP1 with H’ = 2.99 indicating a moderate
biodiversity which is attributed to disturbance of the ecosystem due to conversion into other land forms
and J’ = 0.78 with very high evenness index. The lowest floral diversity is recorded in SP4 with H’ =
2.31 and J’ = 0.65 then followed by SP2 and SP3 having the second lowest H’ = 2.44 each and J’ =
0.71 and J = 0.68, respectively (Table 13 and Figure 6).
Table 2.1.4.13: Shannon’s Biodiversity (H’) and Pielou’s Evenness Index of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay
Silica Quarry)
Sampling Points No. Species Biodiversity Level (H') Evenness (J')
SP1 52 2.99 0.76
SP2 31 2.44 0.71
SP3 37 2.44 0.68
SP4 36 2.31 0.65
SP5 40 2.72 0.74
SP6 38 2.61 0.72
SP7 42 2.64 0.71
SP8 45 2.70 0.71
Overall 2.88 0.69

Biodiversity (H') and Evenness (J') Index of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

4.00
Biodiversity (H') Evenness (J')
3.50
Shannon-Weiner (H') and Pielou's (J')
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-
SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5
Sampling Points
Figure 2.1.4.6: Shannon Biodiversity (H’) and Pielou’s Evenness Index (J’) of MPSA 116-98 (Pantay
Silica Quarry)
Meanwhile, the floral diversity and evenness index of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) is H’ = 2.64 indicating
a moderate biodiversity level with very high evenness indext at 0.76. The very high values for evenness
index of the MPSA can be attributed to homogenous plant ecosystem with few or little number of species
dominating the area. The highest computed Shannon Biodiversity Index can be found in sampling point
1 with 2.74 and evenness index at 0.84. The H’ values of sampling point 1 indicating a low biodiversity
is attributed to the disturbance of the ecosystem brought about by the on-going quarry extraction in the
area. Table 2.1.4.14 and Figure 2.1.4.7 presents the floral diversity and evenness indices of MPSA 124-
98 (Pamias 2).
Table 2.1.4.14: Shannon’s Biodiversity (H’) and Pielou’s Evenness Index of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)
Sampling Points No. Species Biodiversity (H') Evenness (J')
SP1 26 2.74 0.84
SP2 26 2.42 0.74
SP3 23 2.24 0.71
SP4 23 2.13 0.68
SP5 24 1.99 0.62
Overall 2.46 0.78

Biodiversity (H') and Evenness (J') Index of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2)

4.00
Biodiversity (H') Evenness (J')
3.50
Shannon-Weiner (H') and Pielou's (J')
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-
SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5
Sampling Points
Figure 2.1.4.7: Shannon Biodiversity (H’) and Pielou’s Evenness Index (J’) of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias
2)
Conservation Status and Endemism

The Philippines is considered as one of the megadiverse country in the world. The 7,100 islands
comprising the Philippines possesses high level of endemicity of marine/aquatic and terrestrial flora and
fauna species, regarded as one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world, Philippines is one of the world’s
biologically richest nation and has the most threatened and fragile ecosystems. Many endemic species
are confined to forest fragments that cover 7% of the original extent of the hotspots. The 93% of the
original forest have been cleared due to logging and extractive activities for agricultural/farming
expansions and other developments to accommodate the needs of the growing population. And with
this, the Philippines have been placed as one of the most endangered areas at the same time remains
as one of the most diverse area on the planet. At the very least, one-third of more than 9,250 vascular
plant species are endemic to the Philippines (Source: Conservation International, 2007 Biodiversity
Hotspots – Philippines. Accessed from www.biodiversityhotspots.org).
Of the 66 morpho-species recorded at MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) and 35 morpho-species in
MPSA 124-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry), only one (1) species Ficus ulmifolia of the family Moraceae is
cited by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species
as Vulnerable (Vu) and Mangifera indica as Data Deficient (DD). No threatened species were recorded
based on the list under DENR Administrative Order 2007-01. Their classification as Vu or Threatened
Species were mainly attributed to overexploitation and loss of habitat as a result of rampant extraction
activities and shifting cultivation that have led to considerable decline in population. In most cases,
forest land and mangrove forest conversion into other purposes for industrial, commercial, and
agricultural expansion are attributed to the conservation status of a particular species. Meanwhile,
Mangifera indica of the family Anacardiaceae was classified as Data Defficient (DD) by the IUCN. M.
indica L. have been cultivated for thousands of years and become pantropic in distribution. IUCN cited
that wild populations can be found in Assam, India and Myanmar (Assam-Chittagong Hills). However,
appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution is lacking, hence more information/ data on the
species in the wild is required to approximate its status whether it is threatened or not. The species is
said to be restricted (native) to India and an introduced species in Bangladesh, China, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.
The MPSAs also recorded 1 species in the Lower Risk/ Least Concern category and 48 species have
yet to be evaluated against the criteria. There are also 12 species have been identified as invasive in
the IUCN-Global Invasive Species Database (www.issg.org/database) and these are; Litsea glutinosa
Lour. Rob., Leucaena leucocephala Lam., Chromolaena odorata Blanco, Gmelina arborea Roxb.,
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp, Lantana camara L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.,
Phyllostachys negripes Hayata, Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith, Alpinia elegans (Presl.) K. Schum.,
Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Roxb. ex. W. Aiton, Jathropa curcas L. Most of these species forms a dense
stands spreading naturally and has been reported as weeds preventing establishment of other species

due to competition and allelophatic effects thereby replacing the native species. It invades natural stand
and agricultural ecosystem and can grow individually in clumps or dense thickets, crowing out more
desirable species and it can become the dominant species, disrupting succession and decreasing the
biodiversity. Their allelophatic effects can really reduce vigor of plant species nearby, thus reducing
productivity.
In terms of endemism/ geographic distribution of species of both MPSAs, only 24 species are said to
be endemic/ indigenous found in the low and medium elevations and are distributed in various regions
or geographic locations of the Philippines. Endemic species are those which are only confined to a
certain land mass, region, or country and cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The remaining
29 species are said to be introduced/ exotic which are brought from country of origin to Philippines for
cultivation and since then, these species have become acclimatized or naturalized such as Gmelina
arborea Roxb. (Lamiaceae), a large tree with extensive distribution in the country is native to North
America; Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. Walp (Leguminosae) introduced during Spanish colonization
from Mexico for the cultivation of cacao, Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (Leguminosae) which happened
to be a reforestation species in the 1960’s to 1970’s for the operationalization of denrothermal, is a
native of Mexico and Central America. The sistribution of species is widely occurring in Asian Region
to Australia, Africa, Americas, and the Pacific Region. Among the notable species that are restricted to
the Philippines are Mithepora lanotan, and Ziziphus talanai.
Uses/ Importance
Ecological Importance/ Intangible Benefits

Other than sources of foods and shelter/ nesting/ breeding area for various wildlife species, terrestrial
flora also provides ecological/ intangible benefits to mankind. Plants acts as an agent that filters the air
that mankind is breathing; act as soil anchorage to prevent soil erosion; as storage for water
conservation; and many more. Other benefits include nitrogen-fixation of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena
leucocephala, Acacia farnesiana, and Flemingia strobilifera. All plants, including forage crops, need
relatively large amounts of nitrogen for proper growth and development. Biological nitrogen fixation is
the process by which nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere is incorporated into the tissue of certain
group of plants, mostly species belonging to family Leguminosae. These plant group contain symbiotic
bacteria called rhizobia within nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compound that help the
plant to grow and compete with other plants. As soil improver, the species of Moringa oleifera produces
green leaves that can be used as mulch and press cake of seeds after oil extraction is used as soil
conditioner or as fertilizer. Other tree species are used as windbreaks, shade or shelter, live trellis for
climbing vines, cover crops, intercrop, and hedges/fences. The species of Gliricidia sepium and
Leucaena leucocephala are known to be the most suitable and a perfect shade tree species for growing
cacao, perfect live trellis for growing black pepper and ubi, a good cover crops and hedges/ fences in
sloping areas, usually applied as hedgerows in agroforestry systems). Other species such as
Mussaenda philippica, Moringa oleifera, and fruit-bearing trees are employed as ornamental due to their
attractive tree architecture and flowers. Other important ecological benefits include symbiotic
relationship of bee pollinators and flower-nectar rich of Mangifera indica, Gliricidia sepium, Moringa
oleifera, Persea americana, Trema orientalis, Gmelina arborea, and Tamarindus indica which are all
important species for bees in order to create/ produce high-quality honey. The species of Tetrastigma
loheri are known host plant species for the development and growth of Rafflesia species, the largest
flower on earth that produces unpleasant odor.
Economic Importance
Known commercial hardwood tree species producing timber for medium to heavy construction are
Gmelina, Danupra, Santol, Sampalok, Lanutan, and Balakat. Other than tree species suitable for
construction materials, there are fruit-bearing trees/ herbs/ shrubs that produces fruits edible to mankind
and have been cultivated for many years for economic and livelihood activities such as Nangka,
Avocado, Banana, Mango, Atis, and Guyabano. Likewise, other by-products derived from the trees such
as tannins/dyes, bast fiber, essential oil, fuelwood, and timber are of good source of income.
Tannins/dyes and essential oil are usually used as primary raw materials for the production of various
cosmetic products and for the production of varnish and paints.

Alternative/ Folkloric Medicine

Other than ecological/ intangible benefits and economic importance, floral species identified within the
MPSA also possesses medicinal value known to traditional healers (folkloric medicines) and have been
determined to have properties that could be used as alternative medicines based on experiment,
researches, and studies conducted by health experts. Medicinal application or treatment derived from
plant part, from bark to roots; leaves, fruits, and seeds contains medicinal properties that can be
employed to cure/treat/remedy to simple/common ailment to cancer, diabetes, rheumatism, tumor, and
many more. Examples are Ficus ulmifolia used to treat allergy, asthma, diarrhea, diabetes, tumor, and
cancer. Studies evaluated the leaves of F. ulmifolia for its effect on blood glucose in streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats. Results suggest the leaves extract has the ability to reduce oxidative stress and
possess antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats probably through its antioxidant property (Ling, Lina.,
University of Malaysia, Sabah. 2008). Another study evaluated the adaptogenic effect of aqueous
extracts of roots of F. ulmifolia on stress-induced mice based on time of exhaustion using the Swim
endurance test. Mice pretreated with higher doses of alagasi roots exhibited longer duration of time
compared to control (Mangawang, 2013). Another study evaluated various extracts of leaves five plant
species, the decoction, crude ethanol and 50:50 ethanol-water extracts of F. ulmifolia and L. aculeate
showed antioxidant profiles comparable to those of standards ascorbic acid and butylated
hydroxytoluene (Villazorda, 2015). Ziziphus talanai also have medicinal properties that contains
analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and antioxidant. It also contains
several phytochemicals such as saponins, pectin, fatty acid, triterpenoic acids, and cyclopeptide
alkaloids having significant role in the treatment of cancer and diabetes. It is used as folkloric medicine
to treat jaundice, diarrhea, ulcers, and fevers. Also used as remedy for hypertorias, anemia, nephritis,
and nervous diseases. Fruits and roots are used to cure sun stroke, healing cuts, inhibiting
gastrointestinal infections, and removing stones, and enhance the immune system and blood
nourishment. It also possesses hair growth promoting activity. In the study conducted by Kumar, et.al,
in 2009, revealed that hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Ziziphus fruits in rat models of
paracetamol and thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage showed significant inhibition of biomarker
elevation. Hispathological studies supported the biochemical findings. The study concluded a
hepatoprotective activity probably due to antioxidant effect. Extracts from the species had higher
antioxidant activity that ameliorates ethanol-induced memory deficits, both in the acquisition process
and retrieval process of spatial memory performance in rats. The improvement is attributed to the
antioxidant properties of flavonoids present in the extracts. Sandorium koetjape also possesses
medicinal properties from leaves which are considered sudorific when applied to the skin and are used
to make a decocotion against diarrhea and fever. Powdered bark is an effective treatment for ringworms
and contains triterpenes with anticancer activity. Aromatic roots are employed s anti-diarrhetic, anti-
spasmodic, carminative, antiseptic, astringent and are prescribed as a general tonic after childbirth.
Persea americana anti-cancerous activity has been reported in extracts of leaves and fresh shoots. Oil
extracted from the seed has astringent properties, and an oral infusion of the leaves us used to treat
dysentery. The skin of the fruit has anti-heliminitic properties. The species is also said to have
spasmolytic and abortive properties. The seed is ground and made into ointment used to treat various
skin afflictions such as scabies wounds, lessions of the scalp and dandruff. Hypoglycemic activity of
aquaeous extracts of Avocado revealed that the leaf extract contained various pharmacologically active
compounds such as saponins, tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides.
Although the result was incomparable to chlorpropamide, it confirms the ethnomedical use of the plant
for diabeted management. Hypoglyemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of the species, the effect of
aquaeous and methanol extracts on plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-CHOL), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) in rats was investigated
and the results suggested lowering effected on glucose and lipid metabolism influences with lowering
of total LDL cholesterols, an effect of HDL-cholesterol and a potential protective mechanism against
atherosclerosis. The species also possesses anti-obesity and hypolipidemic. Effects of leaf extracts on
body weight and liver lipid in rats fed hyperlipidemic diet. Leaf extract increases catabolism of lipids
accumulated in the adipose tissue causing a decrese in mean body weight gain and raises the question
if higher concentrations of the leaf extracts would reduce liver levels in obesity and fatty liver conditions.
It is also said to be hypotensive by which leaf constituents of the species given intravenously induced
a marked fall in mean arterial blood pressure lasting 2-3 minutes. Study conducted on Arcangelisia flava
on antioxidant and cytotoxic activities showed antioxidant activity and pronounced cytotoxic activity
against human cancer cell line MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma). Study on phytocahemical yielded four
new furanoditerpenes plus fibraurin, fibleucin, and 6-hydroxyfibraurin. Costus speciosus also
possesses medicinal properties. In the Visayas Region, juice of stems is used for dysentery; rhizomes

have been reported to cure diabeted, fevers, asthma, bronchitis, intestinal worms, and rashes; roots
are employed for catarrhal fevers, coughs, dyspepsia, worms, and skin diseases. The species of
Mithepora lanotan have been reported to treat fevers using boiled fruits, decocotion of the fruit is used
for amenorrhea, decocotion of bark with dried leaves of garlic is used for urticarial.

ANNEX 1: List of all floral species recorded in MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) and MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)
Species Local/ Common Plant Form/ Geographical Range/ Distribution/ Conservation Status
Scientific Name Family Name Endemism Uses/ Importance Threats/ Remarks
No. Name Habit Habitat IUCN DENR AO 2007-01
1 Hagimit Ficus minahassae Moraceae Tree Common. Widely distributed Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: leaves used topically as anti- No threats to this species
(Teijsm. & de Vr.) throughout the country in primary Indigenous rheumatic; reddish color of bark decoction
Miq. and secondary forests, primarily suggests astringent properties; In Mindanao,
along streams at low to medium the Higaonon Tribe of Iligan City use the roots,
elevations. Also occurs in Northern boiled in water, and drank three times daily to
Borneo, Northeastern Sulawesi enhance milk production in lactating mothers;
also for relief of muscle pains or fatigue or
“bughat” in women;
Food: sap employed as beverage;
Wood: used as fuelwood/ firewood; for light
construction
2 Tibig Ficus nota Moraceae Tree Common. Widely distributed in the Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Food: ripe fruits are edible but rather tasteless; No threats to this species
(Blanco) Merr. country; in thickets and forests, Indigenous usually eaten with sugar; young leaves eaten as
especially in areas saturated with vegetable;
water at low to medium elevations. Timber: used as live fence;
Also occurs in Northern Borneo, Wood: used as fuelwood and as charcoal;
Northeastern Sulawesi Medicine: water extracted from tree drunk three
times daily for fever; also applied to relieve
muscle pain; decoction of roots and bark used
for urinary tract infections, hypertension, and
diabetes; the Mansaka Tribe of Compostela
Valley used bark decoction to treat astma,
cough, and other respiratory ondictions; in
Pampanga, Aeta people use the stem as
repellant against hematophagous insects, for
toothaches, and stomaches;
3 Hagonoy/ Gonoi Chromolaena Asteraceae Herb Philippines (distributed throughout Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Services: sometimes encourage for use in No threats to this species
odorata (L.) R.M. the country, in thickets and Exotic shifting slash-and-burn agriculture to compete Cited in the GISD as
King & H. Rob. open/wooded grassland area. Native with cogon grass; ornamental, cover crop, and invasive species
to North America as hedges/ fence;
Medicine: crushed leaves used for “kulebra”
boils and tumorous inflammatory conditions;
used to stop bleeding and wound healing;
4 Ipil-ipil Leucaena Leguminosae Tree Widely distributed throughout the Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Fuelwood: used as feedstock for biomass No threats to this species
leucocephala Lam. Philippines; in agricultural areas, Exotic energy production due to its high calorific Cited in the GISD as
coastal land, natural forests, planted content and low ash content; invasive species
forests, rangeland/ grassland/ Timber: wood is used for light construction;
brushlands, riparian zones, and Food: leaves used as forage to domesticated
urban areas. Native to Mexico and animals; seeds are often used as substitute for
Central America coffee;
Services: reforestation species for fuelwood
production, nitrogen-fixing agent, hedgerows for
alley cropping;

5 Bayok Pterospermum Dombeyaceae Tree Occurs in Luzon from Cagayan to Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Fuelwood: used as fuelwood/ firewood; No threats to this species
diversifolium Camarines, Mindoro, Palawan, Indigenous Services: soil erosion control
Blume Ticao, Masbate, Guimaras, Negros, Timber: wood is used for light construction
Mindanao, Basilan. In forests and materials
thickets at low and medium
elevation. Also occurs in Indo-China,
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Java, and Moluccas.
6 Loher’s Ayo Tetrastigma loheri Vitaceae Vine Occurs in Luzon (Ilocos Norte to Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Handicraft: used for weaving, basketry, and No threats to this species;
Gagnep. Sorsogon including Rizal, Mindoro, Indigenous rope albeit poor quality; Genus Tetrastigma is
Palawan, and Mindanao. In low and Food: pulp of the fruit is green, sour but edible; known as plant host of
medium elevation thickets and suitable for making preserves; leaves are Rafflesia.
forests, ascending up to 1,400 cooked with other foods for flavoring;
meters above sea level Medicine: decoction of the plant used as
powerful diuretic; externally, lotion made from
plant used for scabies
7 Danupra Toona sureni Meliaceae Tree Common in primary forests, often Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Timber: used for high class cabinet wood, No threats to this species;
(Blume) Merr. found in riparian hillsides and slopes Indigenous furniture, interior finishing, decorative paneling,
but also in secondary semi-green crafts, musical instruments, cigar boxes, and
forests. Found in Bhutan, China, veneers;
India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Essential Oil: bark and fruits produces essential
Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New oils for cosmetics;
Guinea, Thailand Medicine: bark and roots are astringent and
tonic, used against diarrhea, leaves antibiotic
effect;
Services: shade or shelter; often planted in tea
estates as windbreaks; intercropped with other
species hence an agroforestry species;
Ornamental: used as shade and as roadside
tree;
8 Gmelina/ Gmelina arborea Lamiaceae Tree The species occurs in a variety of Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: fruit of is edible; No threats to this species
Yemane Roxb. forest habitats, including tropical Exotic Fodder: leaves are regarded as good fodder Cited in the GISD as
semi-evergreen, sub-montane, very and cattle eat the fruit; invasive species
moist teak forests. The tree is a light Fuel: planted mostly for firewood, which has a
demander, although it can stand calorific value of 4800 kcal/kg;
some shade. It is moderately frost Apiculture: flowers produce abundant nectar,
hardy and recovers quickly from frost which produces high-quality honey;
injuries. It does not thrive where the Fiber: wood produces good-quality pulp,
drainage is poor, while on dry, sandy unmixed semi-chemical pulp is suitable for
or otherwise poor soil it remains carton board or low-grade writing paper, but
stunted and is apt to assume little kraft pulp of wood is suitable for higher grades
more than a shrubby form because of writing paper; used for particle board
of repeated dying back through Timber: 1st cut, the wood is yellowish- to
drought. Native to Bangladesh, reddish-white, turning light russet or yellowish-
Cambodia, China, India, Japan, brown with a density of 400-560 kg/m3; wood

Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri seasons well without degrading, but it is slow to
Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam dry both in the open and in a kiln; it is regarded
as a valuable general-purpose wood because of
its dimensional stability; natural durability of the
wood is about 15 years; uses include the
manufacture of furniture, plywood core stock,
mine props, matches and timber for light
construction;
Tannin or dyestuff: both wood ash and fruit yield
a very persistent yellow dye;
Medicine: bark, leaves and roots contain traces
of alkaloids and are used medicinally in its
native range, such as in Hindu medicine. both
fruit and bark have medicinal properties against
bilious fever;
Other products: Recommended for silkworm
culture; used for high grade tobacco curing;
Services: reclamation (highly light-demanding
species and regenerates naturally only in the
open and on the edge of forests); an ideal
choice for large-scale afforestation programs;
Ornamental: sometimes planted as an avenue
tree;
Intercropping: planted with crops like maize and
cassava has been found beneficial in increasing
the simultaneous production of wood and food;
performs better under closely stocked stands of
cassava, yams and maize; valuable in coffee
and cocoa plantations to protect young trees
and to suppress invasive grasses;
Other services: After 18 months of growth, the
tree’s low, dense canopy provides effective
weed control.
9 Anonang Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae Tree Throughout the Philippines in most Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: immature fruits are pickled and also used No threats to this species;
G. Forster islands and provinces, usually Exotic as a vegetable; leaves are used to wrapped fish
common in secondary forests and and cooked;
thickets, at low and medium Fodder: leaves yield good fodder and are
altitudes. Native to India, Myanmar, lopped for this purpose; seed kernel contains
Himalayas through Nepal. Also high proportion of fatty oils and proteins which
occurs in Australia and Polynesia is a potential cattle;
Fuel: used as fuelwood;
Timber: wood is used to make agricultural
implements;
Fiber: used in making ropes

Poison: fruit extract suppresses larval hatching
of ringworms;
Medicine: seeds are anti-inflammatory; bark is
medicinal and several chemicals have been
identified as remedy to boils, tumors,
headaches and stomached, as antidyspeptic
and as febrifuge, gargle to treat mouth ulcer;
Services: boundary or barrier or support;
planted along boundary and farm roads.
10 Agas-moro Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae Herb Common. Found throughout the Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: infusion of plant taken internally for No threats to this species
(L.) Less. country; in open spaces and waste Exotic cough; also used to treat wounds; decoction of
lands, settlement areas, abandoned leaves used against humid herpes, eczema,
cultivation at low to medium etc.; can be used as ornamentals for its flower
elevations. occurring all year round; an invasive weed.
11 Talitan Casearia fuliginosa Salicaceae Tree Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Wood: used in charcoal production and as No threats to this species
(Blanco) Blanco Indigenous fuelwood.
12 Buho Schizostachyum Poaceae Grass Grows extensively in large, natural Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Handicraft: widely used as matting known as One of the economically
lumampao stands throughout the country in Indigenous sawali, a material woven from thin strips usually important bamboo species
(Blanco) Merr. thickets and secondary forests, used in rural areas as divider or walls, used in providing materials for a
sometimes nearly exclusive making baskets, spears, fish cage, flutes; wide range of uses. Its
occupying large areas at elevations Fiber: used in plybamboo panels, pulp and exploitation is generally
up to 1,500 meters above sea level. paper; unregulated and no
Services: planted along riverbanks for soil economic data or statistics
erosion control/ slope stabilization, perimeter with regard to production
fence and utilization are
available. Consumption
and trade are mainly local
in rural areas.
13 Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Moraceae Tree Grows thickets and secondary Endemic/ Vulnerable Not listed Leaves: used for scrubbing dirt and as sanders; Rates of habitat loss
Lamk forests, in rural settlement areas Indigenous dried leaves are fragrant; through logging and
(backyard), along riparian slopes Fuel; used as firewood in rural areas; shifting cultivation have led
throughout the country. Medicine: used in the treatment of allergy, to considerable population
asthma, diarrhea, diabetes, tumor and cancer. declines.
Study of dichlormethane extract of leaves
yielded 6 compounds that shoed cytotoxicity
against human stomach adenocarcinoma cell
line with growth inhibition. Other study showed
potential for medical application for its pro-
oxidant activity (for functional food and
nutraceutical and medicine development)
14 Ligas Semecarpus Anacardiaceae Tree Common. Widely distributed in the Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Timber: used for light construction materials, No threats to this species
cuneiformis Blanco country, in dry thickets, primary and Indigenous fuelwood and charcoal;
secondary forests at low to medium Fuelwood: used as firewood in local/ rural
elevations. Occurs in Taiwan, areas;
Borneo, and Sulawesi, Indonesia

Medicine: oil of pericarp is used as caustic or
escharotic, sometimes used for indolent ulcers;
fruit is traditionally used as remedy for non-
bleeding hemorrhoids; also used as adjuvant
treatment for scites and tumors; used for
bronchospasm; gum-resin used in leprosy and
nervous debility;
Tannin/ dye stuff: resin from bark and pericarp
used in teeth blackening;
Essential oils: used in cosmetics

15 Kayumanis Clausena anisum- Rutaceae Tree In forests, at low and medium Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Fuelwood: used as firewood in rural areas; No threats to this species;
olens (Blanco) elevation in Bontoc, Benguet, Indigenous Timber: farm implements and very light
Merr. Pampanga, Batangas, Laguna, construction materials;
Rizal, Quezon, Bataan, Sorsogon, Food: essential oil from the leaves considered a
Masbate, Basilan, and Mindanao. potential substitute of anise oil for making
Also occurs in Borneo, Vietnam, änisado”, a local alcoholic beverage; used in
Cambodia, and Taiwan. Naturalized preparing local dishes such as macapuno
in China preservatives;
Medicine: decoction of roots and fruits used for
cough and fever, leaves used for nausea of
preganancy; stuffed in pillows for is soporific
effect; used in baths for rheumatism; dysentery
and arthritis;
Essential oil: used to flavor tobacco/ cigarettes
16 Amor-seco Andropogon Poaceae Grass Common. Found throughout the Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of root is used for diarrhea; No threats to this species;
aciculatus Retz. country; in open places at low to Exotic the entire plant is used as diuretic; the whole
medium elevations; in abandoned plant is used for cattle leg swelling in
cultivations on poor soil conditions; Bangladesh. An invasive species.
Occurs from India to China and
southward through Malaya to tropical
Australia and Polynesia.
17 Sablot Litsea glutinosa Lauraceae Tree In thickets, secondary and primary Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Timber: used in light construction; No threats to this species
(Lour.) C.B. Rob. forests at low and medium altitudes Indigenous Fuelwood: charcoal and firewood; Cited in the GISD as
throughout the Philippines. Also Dyes and Tannins: used in tanning industry and invasive species
occurs in India to southern China, textiles
through Malaya to tropical Australia Essential oils: used in soap making in China
Medicine: decoction of roots used as
emmenagogue; poultice of roots and leaves
used for sprains and bruises; decoction of bark
used for catarrh; seeds are pounded and
applied to boils. In a study of ethyl acetate and
methanol leaf extracts showed antioxidant
activity; extracts of leaves and twigs yielded 2
new aporphine alkaloids: litseglutine A and B

with two known aporphine alkaloids, bildine and
laurolitsine; phytochemical screening yielded
flavone glycosides, reducing sugars, amino-
acids, and tannins which have significant
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound
healing activity and supports the used of the
plant for some painful and inflammatory
conditions.
18 Banato Mallotus Euphorbiaceae Tree In thickets, secondary and primary Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Food: serves as a preservative for vegetable No threats to this species
philippensis forests at low and medium altitudes Indigenous oils and dairy products. Kamala also recorded
(Lamk) Muell.-Arg. throughout the Philippines. It has a to be used as a dye for food-stuffs and
widespread natural distribution, from beverages, which seems unlikely because it is
the western Himalayas, through generally known as a purgative;
India, Sri Lanka, to southern China, Fodder: leaves are used as fodder, a host plant
and throughout Malesia to Australia for lac insects;
and Melanesia. Sometimes Fuel: wood is often used as fuelwood.
gregarious but more usually mixed Fibre: wood is suitable for paper pulp. The
with other species, both in forests fibrous bark is used to make rope and artificial
and in open scrubland. Kamala tree fur.
is common in evergreen forest, Timber: wood is whitish to pale reddish-grey,
especially in secondary forest, and often with darker streaks, and fairly close and
sometimes even dominant in the straight grained; heartwood not distinct;
undergrowth. Kamala tree withstands somewhat lustrous, working to a smooth
considerable shade, it is frost-hardy surface under tools, without characteristic odour
and resistant to drought. or taste; hard and moderately heavy, averaging
770 kg/m3; wood is sometimes used as timber
for implements.
Tannin or dyestuff: granules which cover the
ripe fruit are used in India as a dye ('kamala')
for dyeing silk and wool bright orange. A red
dye has been extracted from the roots.
Medicine: In pharmacy kamala is used as
anthelmintic and an extract of kamala in
hexachlorethane may be useful in treating liver
fluke in cattle. Kamala is also known to affect
the fertility of animal and man. All parts of the
tree can be applied externally to treat parasitic
infections of the skin. The fruits and bark have
been reported to be used medicinally to treat
stomach ulcers and tapeworm.
Services: shade or shelter (considered to be a
valuable nurse tree for more important forest
tree; reclamation (colonizes fertile soils.
Intercropping: The tree is usually planted in
rows with field crops.

19 Tarabtab Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae Vine Common. Widely distributed Endemic to Not cited Not listed Medicine: used as febrifuge, alterative, and No threats to this species
L. throughout the country; in thickets at the tonic; also used for skin disease treatment.
low to medium elevations. Occurs in Philippines
India to Malaya and Australia.
20 Lanete Wrightia Apocynaceae Tree Occurs in lowland thickets and Endemic/ Least Not listed Wood: used for making furniture, polse, and No threats to this species
pubescens R. Br. forests Indigenous Concern musical instruments; Population very common
subsp. laniti Fiber: bark fiber used for making paper and and widespread
(Blanco) Ngan artificial cotton
Medicine: extracts from roots and barks used to
treat scrofula and rheumatic arthralgia; latex
used for severe dysentery; and ingredient in
Chinese medicines used for hiccups, arthritis
upper respiratory infections in children; used by
Malay people for toothache
21 Santol Sandoricum Meliaceae Tree Found scattered in primary or Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Food: fruit is edible, being eaten fresh or No threats to this species
koetjape (Burm. f.) sometimes secondary forests. It also Indigenous processed into jam or chutney; fruit is peeled,
Merr. occurs in lowland dipterocarp forests, quartered and cooked in syrup to make
in thickets and rural settlement delicious preserves;
areas. Timber: yields a lightweight to medium-weight
hardwood with a density of 290-590 kg/m³ at
15% moisture content; heartwood is pale red,
yellowish-red or yellow-brown with a pink tinge,
indistinct or distinguishable from the pale white
or pinkish sapwood; grain straight or slightly
wavy.
Tannin or dyestuff: bark is used for tanning
fishing nets;
Poison: seeds contain limonoids( antifeedant
compounds);
Medicine: pounded leaves are sudorific when
applied to the skin and are used to make a
decoction against diarrhea and fever; powdered
bark is an effective treatment for ringworms,
and contains triterpenes with anticancer activity;
aromatic roots are employed as an anti-
diarrhetic, anti-spasmodic, carminative,
antiseptic, astringent, stomachic and are
prescribed as a general tonic after childbirth;
Other products: fruits are used as fish bait in
Sarawak; fragrant wood is used in perfumery;
Services: erosion control, shade or shelter,
reclamation, soil improver (known to form
vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae), ornamental
(planted for aesthetic purposes along avenues

and in parks), boundary or barrier or support
(poles from the tree are used for fencing).
22 Malunggay Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Tree Planted throughout the Philippines in Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: leaves, a good source of protein, vitamins No threats to this species
Lamk settled areas at low and medium Exotic A, B and C and minerals such as calcium and
altitudes; common backyard iron, are used as a spinach equivalent;
vegetable and a border plant; excellent source of the sulphur-containing
introduced from Malaya or some amino acids methionine and cystine, which are
other part of tropical Asia in often in short supply; young plants are eaten as
prehistoric times. a tender vegetable and the taproots as an
alternative for horseradish; young pods are
edible and reportedly have a taste reminiscent
of asparagus; seeds from mature pods (which
can be 40-50 cm long) can be browned in a
skillet, mashed and placed in boiling water,
which causes an excellent cooking or
lubricating oil to float to the surface. pleasantly
flavoured edible oil, resembling olive oil, is an
excellent salad oil; flowers can be eaten or used
to make a tea;
Fodder: leaves are mainly used for human food
and not to any great extent for livestock, but
branches are occasionally lopped for feeding
camels and cattle;
Apiculture: silviculture, involving regeneration
by cuttings, coppicing and pollarding, keeps
flowering on and off most parts of the year
which provides nectar to honey bees for a long
period;
Fuel: soft and light wood is an acceptable
firewood for cooking but makes poor charcoal. It
has a density of 0.5-0.7 and yields
approximately 4600 kcal/kg;
Fiber: bark, when beaten, produces fiber used
to make small ropes and mats;
Timber: wood is very soft and light and is useful
only for light construction work.
Gum or resin: when the tree is injured, the stem
exudes a gum that is used in calico printing, as
a condiment, and for stomach and bladder
ailments; mucilaginous gum has a bland taste
and belongs to the hog series of gums;
Tannin or dyestuff: bark used for tanning hides
and wood yields a blue dye;
Lipids: oil extracted from the mature pods (oil of
Ben) is yellowish, non-drying, good keeping

qualities but eventually turns rancid; it is used
as a lubricant, in cosmetics and perfumes, and
to some extent is a substitute for sperm-whale
oil;
Medicine: seeds are effective against skin-
infecting bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; contain potent
antibiotic and fungicide terygospermin; alkaloid
spirachin (a nerve paralysant) has been found
in the roots; decoction of the flowers is used as
a cold remedy; gum is diuretic, astringent and
abortifacient and is used against asthma; oil of
Ben is used for hysteria, scurvy, prostate
problems and bladder troubles; roots and bark
are used for cardiac and circulatory problems,
as a tonic and for inflammation; bark is an
appetizer and digestive; iron content of the
leaves is high, and they are reportedly
prescribed for anaemia in the Philippines.
Services: erosion control (suited to areas where
strong winds and long, dry spells occur
simultaneously, causing serious soil erosion),
soil improver (green leaves make a useful
mulch; press cake left after oil extraction from
the seeds can be used as a soil conditioner or
as fertilizer), ornamental, boundary/ barrier/
support (planted as a hedge in courtyards;
provides wind protection, shade and support for
climbing garden plants; widely used for live
fences and hedges), intercropping (provides
semi-shade, useful in intercropping systems
where intense direct sunlight can damage
crops), and pollution control (suspension of the
ground seed of M. oleifera, the benzolive tree,
is used as a primary coagulant; it can clarify
water of any degree of visible turbidity).
23 Banana Musa sapientum L. Musaceae Herb Cultivated throughout the Philippines Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: male inflorescence or “puso” is No threats to this species
in various varieties. Exotic extensively used a vegetable; unripe fruit is
sugared and candied, ripe fruits is eaten raw or
cooked as dessert or preserves, also used in
making brandy, rum, and wine; leaves used for
lining pots for cooking rice; a favorite “container
for food packs” in rural areas;
Medicine: young leaves used for cool dressing
of inflamed and blistered surfaces and cool

application for headaches; powdered roots used
for anemia and cachexia; mucilage prepared
from seeds used for catarrhal and mild
inflammatory forms of diarrhea; juice of tender
roots used as mucilage for checking
hemorrhages from genitalia and air passages;
Fibers: used for making paper and cloths;
24 Nangka/ Jackfruit Artocarpus Moraceae Tree Cultivated throughout the Philippines Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: pulp of young fruit is cooked as a No threats to this species
heterophyllus Lam. in various varieties. Native to Exotic vegetable, pickled or canned in brine or curry;
Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India pulp of ripe fruit is eaten fresh or made into
various local delicacies (jam, jelly and paste, or
preserved as candy by drying or mixing with
sugar, honey or syrup); pulp is also used to
flavor ice cream and beverages, or reduced to a
concentrate or powder and used for preparing
drinks; male spikes left to rot on trees are used
as a salad or pickle.
Fodder: leaves are cropped in India for fodder,
and overripe, immature or fallen fruits are fed to
hogs and cattle. Elephants eat the bark, leaves
and fruits;
Fiber: inner part of the bark or bast is
occasionally made into cordage or cloth;
Timber: wood is yellow at first, becoming red,
with a specific gravity of 0.6-0.7; classified as
medium hardwood; resistant to termite attack
and fungal and bacterial decay and is easy to
season; takes polish beautifully; though not as
strong as teak, wood is considered superior to
for furniture, construction, turnery and inlay
work, masts, oars, implements and musical
instruments (best for guitar sounding board);
roots are highly prized for carvings and picture
framing.
Gum or resin: latex yields 71.8% resin,
consisting of 63.3% fluavilles (yellow) and 8.5%
albanes (white) valuable in varnishes.
Latex or rubber: latex is commonly used as
adhesive for mending broken chinaware or
earthenware, caulking boats, mending holes of
buckets and trapping birds;
Tannin or dyestuff: bark gives a dark, water-
soluble resinous gum that contains 3.3% tannin;
when boiled with alum, the sawdust or chips of

the heartwood produce a rich yellow dye used
for silk and the cotton robes of Buddhist priests;
Alcohol: arils can be fermented and distilled to
produce an alcoholic beverage;
Medicine: ashes of leaves, with or without oil,
are used in Malaysia and Philippines to treat
ulcers, diarrhea, boils, stomach-ache and
wounds; pulp and seeds of the fruit are
regarded as a cooling tonic; seeds are said to
be an aphrodisiac; sap is an anti-syphilitic and a
vermifuge; wood is claimed to have sedative
properties, and its pith is said to be able to
induce abortion.; root decoction is used to
alleviate fever, treat diarrhea, skin diseases and
asthma;
Services: erosion control (can be planted to
control floods and soil erosion in farms), shade
or shelter (planted at a close spacing act as a
windbreak and are sometimes used as shade
for coffee), boundary or barrier or support (trunk
is occasionally used as living support for
pepper), intercropping (in the Philippines, it is
planted with coconut groves; in Malaysia, trees
have been used as an intercrop in durian
orchards, and in India the trees are
intercropped with mango and citrus).
25 Carabao grass Paspalum Poaceae Grass Common. Widely distributed Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of fresh roots are taken No threats to this species
conjugatum P.J. throughout the country; in settlement Exotic internally for diarrhea; leaves used for fever,
Begius areas, along trails, streams, often in debility, stomach troubles and pulmonary
gregarious and abundant in open afflictions; roots used for diarrhea and
spaces and abandoned cultivated dysentery; fodders for cattle, carabao, and
areas. Native to tropical America, horses; cats and dogs eat the leaves as
now pantropic. purgative.
26 Mango Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree The common mango has been Introduced/ Data Not listed Food: widely cultivated for its high prized fruit, No threats to this species
cultivated for thousands of years and Exotic Deficient which can be eaten in 3 distinct ways,
now has a pantropical distribution. depending largely on the cultivar: unripe
Native to India, Malaysia, (mature green, very popular in Thailand and the
Bangladesh, and Myanmar Philippines), ripe (the common way to enjoy
mango throughout the world), and processed
(at various stages of maturity, in the form of
pickles or chutneys, dried slices, canned slices
in syrup, juice and puree or paste). The fruit is
surrounded by golden, juicy flesh, rich in
vitamins A and C. The green fruit is also used to

flavour fish and meat dishes in the same way as
tamarind and other sour fruits;
Apiculture: an important honey plant, secreting
large quantities of nectar;
Fuel: with a calorific value of 4200 kcal/kg, the
wood makes excellent charcoal and firewood;
Timber: heartwood is pale yellowish-brown to
reddish-brown, darkening on exposure, not
clearly demarcated from the pale yellowish-
brown sapwood. Grain somewhat wavy, texture
moderately coarse; freshly cut wood is
scentless; used for many purposes, including
indoor construction, meat-chopping blocks,
furniture, carpentry, flooring, boxes, crates and
boat building (canoes and dugouts);
Tannin or dyestuff: bark is the source of a
yellowish-brown dye used for silk;
Poison: in sensitive individuals, ingestion of the
fruit or skin contact with the juice may cause a
rash like that of poison ivy;
Medicine: charred and pulverized leaves make
a plaster to remove warts and also act as a
styptic; seeds are used to treat stubborn colds
and coughs, obstinate diarrhea and bleeding
piles; bark is astringent, homeostatic and
antirheumatic;
Services: shade or shelter (its umbrella-shaped
crown makes the mango tree a suitable shade
for people and their livestock; it also acts as a
firebreak), soil improver (leaves improve soil
fertility when used as mulch for crops),
intercropping (often interplanted with other fruits
and vegetables, and the tree is a valued
component of the traditional homegarden
agroforestry system).
27 Kakawate Gliricidia sepium Mimosaceae Tree Occurs naturally in early and middle Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Poison: the leaves, seeds or powdered bark are No threats to this species
(Jacq.) Kunth ex. successional vegetation types on Exotic toxic to humans when mixed with cooked rice or Cited in the GISD as
Walp. disturbed sites such as coastal sand maize and fermented; can be used as invasive species
dunes, river banks, floodplains and rodenticide and general pesticide and as control
fallow land. Native range are El of cogon grass
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Services: erosion control (hedgerows in alley
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, United cropping serve to suppress weed growth and
States of America control erosion and have been shown to reduce
the incidence of disease in groundnut crops);
shade or shelter (widely cultivated as shade for

perennial crops such as tea, coffee and cocoa);
also used as a nurse tree for shade-loving
species; nitrogen fixing (capable of fixing
atmospheric nitrogen); suitable for live fencing
around cattle pastures and for delineating
boundaries; soil improver (as a green manure,
increases soil organic matter; it aids in recycling
of soil nutrients as it produces much litter,
improves soil aeration and reduces soil
temperature; a drought-resistant and valuable
water-conserving species, because in the dry
season it sheds most of its leaves, hence
reducing water loss through transpiration;
Food: flowers can be fried and eaten; leaves
are rich in protein and highly digestible, and low
in fibre and tannin. There is evidence of
improved animal production (both milk and
meat) in large and small ruminants when G.
sepium is used as a supplement.
Apiculture: The flowers attract honeybees (Apis
spp.), hence it is an important species for honey
production;
Wood: often used for firewood and charcoal
production. The wood burns slowly without
sparking and with little smoke, so it is an
important fuelwood in the subhumid tropics. The
calorific value of a 5-year-old tree is 4550
kcal/kg.
Timber: Gliricidia has light brown sapwood and
dark brown heartwood, turning reddish-brown
on exposure to air. It is hard, coarse textured
with an irregular grain, very durable and termite
resistant. Wood is utilized for railway sleepers,
farm implements, furniture, house construction
and as mother posts in live-fence
establishment.
Medicine: Crude extracts have been shown to
have antifungal activity. Reported to be
expectorant, sedative and suppurative. Madre
de cacao is a folk remedy for alopecia, boils,
bruises, burns, colds, cough, debility, eruptions,
erysipelas, fever, fractures, gangrene,
headache, itch, prickly heat, rheumatism, skin
tumours, ulcers, urticaria and wounds.

28 Coronitas Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Herb Native to tropical America. A Introduced/ Not Not listed Services: certain varieties are cultivated as a No threats to this species
gregarious weed in the Philippines, Exotic evaluated trimmed hedge either alone or with other Cited in the GISD as
in settled areas in thickets and waste shrubs; invasive species
places at low and medium altitudes. Food: fruit is eaten in Malay and Sierra Leone;
used as flavoring; in some parts of India, leaves
used as tea substitute.
Medicine: in the Philippines, decoction of fresh
roots used as gargle for toothaches, and a
decoction of the leaves and fruits to clean
wounds; decoction or syrup of roots;
29 Cogon Imperata cylindrica Poaceae Grass Found in open, rather dry lands, Introduced/ Not Not listed Services: soil stabilization; roofing materials; No threats to this species
(L.) Beauv. often forming extensive cogon Exotic evaluated Fiber: used in paper making; Cited in the GISD as
grasslands called cogonales, Fodder: animal fodder; imported and distributed invasive species
ascending to 2,300 meters in by the United States Department of Agriculture Invasion of this species will
altitude. Native to the Philippines and for use as a forage grass and for soil erosion likely cause significant
Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. control. In the United States, losses of short habitat-
specialists and reduce the
distinctiveness of the native
flora;
Invasive plant species alter
normal ecological
processes and highlights a
possible mechanism
(alteration of microbial
assemblages) by which I.
cylindrica may alter an
ecosystem process
(decomposition).
Inhibits other species
(extensive rhizome network
of I. cylindrica not only
allows rapid regeneration
of foliage, but also
produces allelopathic root
exudates that can inhibit
germination and growth of
other plants, including
some pines (Hussain et al.,
1994, in Ramsey et al.
2003).
30 Running Bamboo Phyllostachys Poaceae Grass Occurs in thickets and secondary Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Services: soil erosion control/ slope No threats to this species
negripes Hayata forests. Native to Southeast China Exotic stabilization; roofing materials ornamental
(landscaping);
Handicraft: ropes and basketry

31 Tubang-usa Costus speciosus Costaceae Herb Found in thickets, cultivated areas, Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: in India, the rhizome has been used as No threats to this species
(Koenig) Smith and abandoned sites. Occurs in the Exotic famine food; rhizomes are mucilaginous when
moist and wet evergreen areas of the boiled; tender shoots reportedly used as
Indo-Malayan region and Sri Lanka. vegetable.
Within India, C. speciosus occurs Medicine: in the Visayas, juice of stems used
throughout the foot hills of Himalayas for dysentery; rhizome has been used for
diabetes, fevers, asthma, bronchitis, intestinal
worms, rashes; roots used for catarrhal fevers,
coughs, dyspepsia, worms and skin diseases;
Services: widely cultivated for ornamental
32 Tagbak Alpinia elegans Zingiberaceae Herb Found in lowland thickets along Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of rhizomes used to treat No threats to this species
(Presl.) K. Schum. streams at low and medium Indigenous hemoptysis; pounded leaves, mized with little
elevations throughout the salt rubbed on paralyzed extremeities; juice
Philippines. from macerated young stems used in urticarial;
Food: fruits are edible, a little woody in texture;
Services: cover crop; ornamental
33 Bagan-bagan Lycianthes biflora Solanaceae Shrub Common. Widespread throughout Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: fresh leaves used as topical for No threats to this species
(Lour.) Bitter the country. Occurs in India, China, Indigenous articular rheumatism; blood tonic, stomachic,
Taiwan, Japan, across Malesia to antipyretic, and muscular pain; used in erectile
Papua New Guinea dysfunction or impotence problem (herbal
supplement)
34 Guyabano Annona muricata Annonaceae Tree Widely cultivated in the Philippines. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Poison: powder of dried leaves and sap from No threats to this species
L. Common in settlement areas; Native Exotic fresh ones are useful in destroying vermin. A
range Antigua and Barbuda, powder or oil from the seeds has been used to
Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, kill lice and bedbugs; all tree parts have
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, insecticidal properties and can be used, with
Cuba, Dominica, Dominican fruit as bait, to kill fish;
Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Food: consumed fresh for dessert when fully
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, ripe or mixed with ice cream or milk to make a
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, delicious drink; more often the puree is
Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, consumed after squeezing the pulp through a
Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, sieve; can be made into fruit jelly, juice (with
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto sugar added), nectar or syrup;
Rico, Sri Lanka, St Kitts and Nevis, Timber: wood is soft, light (specific gravity of
St Lucia, St Vincent and the 0.4), not durable; it is rarely used as timber but
Grenadines, Surinam, Trinidad and has been used for ox yokes;
Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Medicine: crushed leaves are applied to mature
Islands (US), Zanzibar boils and abscesses or are used as a remedy
for distention and dyspepsia, scabies and skin
diseases, rheumatism, coughs and colds;
leaves may also be used to make a decoction,
which is taken orally with salt for digestive tract
ailments and to relieve fatigue; crushed leaf and
seed decoction is taken orally for intestinal
malaise; a massage of the leaves is good for

nervous shock, while a leaf or bark decoction is
used for anxiety attacks; flower or flower bud
tea is mixed with honey for colds, chest pain
and nerve disorders, and the bark and young
fruits, which contain tannin, are used to treat
diarrhoea and dysentery. The green bark is
rubbed on wounds to stop bleeding.
Intercropping: Being a small and early-bearing
tree, A. muricata may be planted as an
intercrop between larger fruit trees such as
mango, avocado and santol. The A. muricata
trees are grubbed out when the main crop
requires space.
35 Atis Annona squamosa Annonaceae Tree Cultivated throughout Philippines. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: fruits are normally eaten fresh. The pulp No threats to this species
L. Occasionally spontaneous. Native of Exotic can be used as a flavoring in ice cream;
tropical America Poison: Green fruits, seeds and leaves have
effective vermicidal and insecticidal properties;
Timber: The light yellow sapwood and brownish
heartwood are soft, light in weight and weak.
Shade or shelter: can be planted as shade tree;
Ornamental: attractive tree is grown in gardens
Intercropping: trees are grown along with
mango, banana, and coffee;
Medicine: leaves, shoots, bark and roots have
been reported to have medicinal properties. The
unripe fruit is astringent, and the root is a
drastic purgative.
36 Lanutan Mitrephora lanotan Annonaceae Tree Occurs in dry forest at low and Endemic/ Vulnerable Vulnerable Medicine: boiled fruit used for fevers; decoction Rates of habitat loss
(Blanco) Merr. medium elevations. Found in islands Indigenous of fruit used for amenorrhea; decoction of bark through logging and
of Luzon (Iocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, with dried leaves of garlic used for urticarial; shifting cultivation have led
Apayao, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, decoction of fruit used as antidysenteric; to considerable population
Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, decoction of bark used for diabetes; declines.
Laguna, Quezon), Pililio, Mindoro, Services: ornamental;
Palawan, and Mindanao Wood: used for making baseball bats and
bowling pins
37 Avocado Persea Americana Lauraceae Tree Widely cultivated in the Philippines. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Fruit: the tree is grown for its nutritious value No threats to this species
Miller Native to Antigua and Barbuda, Exotic and has long been important in the diets of the
Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, people. Surplus/ excess fruit is an important
Dominican Republic, Grenada, food source for pigs and other livestock;
Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Apiculture: Bees, important for pollination and
Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and honey production;
the Grenadines, Trinidad and Timber: wood is used for house construction
Tobago, US, Virgin Islands (US) especially for posts, light construction, furniture,
cabinet making, agricultural implements,
carvings, sculptures, musical instruments,

paddles, small articles like pens and brush
folders, and other novelty items. It also yields a
good quality veneer and plywood;
Lipids: the pulp and the seeds contain fatty
acids such as oleic, lanolic, palmitic, stearic,
linoleic, capric, and meristic acid which
constitutes 80% of the fruits fatty contents. The
oil is used by the cosmetic industry in soaps
and skin moisturizer products;
Medicine: recently anti-cancerous activity has
been reported in extracts of leaves and fresh
shoots of avocado. Oil extracted from the seeds
has astringent protperties, and an oral infusion
of the leaves is used to treat dysentery. The
skin of the fruit has anti-helminitic properties.
The avocado is also said to have spasmolytic
and abortive properties. The seed is ground and
made into an ointment used to treat various skin
afflictions such as scabies purulent wounds,
lesions of the scalp and dandruff;
Essential Oil: watery extracts of the avocado
leaves contain a yellowish-green essential oil.
38 Tiesa Pouteria rivicoa Sapotaceae Tree Cultivated in the Philippines. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: The fruit is edible, but not highly No threats to this species
(Gaertn.f.) Ducke Common in settlement areas. Native Exotic regarded; as it is not crispy and juicy like so
to Bahamas, Belize, El Salvador, many other fruits. Eaten with salt, pepper and
Guatemala, Mexico lime or lemon juice or mayonnaise, either fresh
or after light baking. It has been often likened in
texture to the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. The
pureed flesh may be used in custards or added
to ice cream mix just before freezing.
Timber: The fine-grained, compact, strong,
moderate to very heavy and hard timber is
valued especially for planks and rafters in
construction. The heartwood is greyish-brown to
reddish-brown and blends into the sapwood,
which is somewhat lighter in color. The darker
the color, the more resistant to decay. Latex or
rubber: Extracted from the tree in Central
America has been used to adulterate chicle.
Medicine: A decoction of the astringent bark is
taken as a febrifuge in Mexico and applied on
skin eruptions in Cuba. A preparation of the
seeds has been employed as a remedy for
ulcers.

Services: shade or shelter (provides
considerable shade when mature).
39 Aroma Acacia farnesiana Leguminosae Tree Occurs in thickets and ruderal areas. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Fodder: Leaves are lopped for fodder. No threats to this species
(L.) Willd. Native to India, Nepal, Sri Lanka Exotic Timber: Wood is very heavy (1120-
1168kg/Cubic M), straight grained and very
coarse-textured. Sapwood is thick; yellowish
white. Heartwood is olive-brown, turning darker
with age. It can be seasoned well with
considerable care. The wood is mostly used in
cartwheels, posts, beams and agricultural
implements.
Alcohol: The bark is steeped in jaggery and
then distilled, yielding intoxicating liquor
Medicine: A bark decoction, in conjunction with
ginger is frequently used as an astringent for
the teeth.
Services: nitrogen fixing species; intercropping
(various arable crops from ground nuts and
sorghum are grown with the trees; it has been
observed that this tree does not interfere with
the growth of trees in the farm; some crops
there is even an apparent advantage when
grown under the canopies of such trees.
Other services: Lac insect feed on this tree.
40 Binunga Macarnga tanarius Euphorbiaceae Tree A very fast-growing pioneer species, Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Food: In Sumatra, fruit are added to palm juice
(L.) Muell.-Arg. often common in secondary forests, Indigenous when it is boiled down into crystals, improving
especially in logging areas. It is also the quality of the sugar produced.
found in thickets, brushwood, village Fuel: Good firewood
groves and beach vegetation. Also Fiber: yields a high-quality pulp and produces
occurs in Australia, Brunei, high-quality particleboard.
Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Timber: The timber is soft and light, about 500
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua kg/cubic m air-dry. It is not durable or resistant
New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, to termite attack but is fairly tough. The grain is
Province of China, Thailand, Vietnam straight or only shallowly interlocked, with a
moderately fine and even texture. Pepper
growers in southern Sumatra use it to make
temporary ladders to harvest their crop.
Gum or resin: In Indonesia and the Philippines,
the gum tapped from the bark is used as a glue,
particularly for joining parts of musical
instruments.
Tannin or dyestuff: The bark contains tannin,
which is used for toughening fishing nets. Nets
dipped in a decoction of the bark will stand the

influence of seawater for a considerable amount
of time.
Alcohol: Bark and leaves are widely used in the
Philippines in the preparation of a fermented
drink called ‘basi’ made from sugarcane.
Services: shade or shelter (has been
recommended as a shade and shelter tree to
promote natural regeneration on deforested
land)
41 Sampalok/ Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Tree Widely planted in the Philippines; Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: The fruit pulp, mixed with a little salt, is a No threats to this species
Tamarind L. grows well over a wide range of soil Exotic favorite ingredient of the curries and chutneys
and climatic conditions, occurring in popular throughout India, though most of the
low-altitude woodland, savannah and tamarind imported into Europe today comes
bush, often associated with termite from the West Indies, where sugar is added as
mounds. Native to Burkina Faso, a preservative. Acidity is caused by the tartaric
Central African Republic, Chad, acid, which on ripening does not disappear, but
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, is matched more or less by increasing sugar
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, levels;
Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Fodder: The foliage has a high forage value,
Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, though rarely lopped for this purpose because it
Zimbabwe affects fruit yields. In the southern states of
India cooked seeds of Tamarind tree are fed to
draught animals regularly.
Apiculture: Flowers are reportedly a good
source for honey production. The second grade
honey is dark-colored.
Fuel: Provides good firewood with calorific
value of 4 850 kcal/kg, it also produces an
excellent charcoal.
Timber: Sapwood is light yellow, heartwood is
dark purplish brown; very hard, durable and
strong (specific gravity 0.80.9g/cubic m), and
takes a fine polish. It is used for general
carpentry, sugar mills, wheels, hubs, wooden
utensils, agricultural tools, mortars, boat planks,
toys, panels and furniture. In North America,
tamarind wood has been traded under the
name of ‘madeira mahogany’.
Lipids: An amber colored seed oil - which
resembles linseed oil - is suitable for making
paints and varnishes and for burning in lamps.
Tannin or dyestuff: Both leaves and bark are
rich in tannin. The bark tannins can be used in
ink or for fixing dyes. Leaves yield a red dye,
which is used to give a yellow tint to clothe

previously dyed with indigo. Ashes from the
wood are used in removing hair from animal
hides.
Medicine: The bark is astringent and tonic and
its ash may be given internally as a digestive.
Incorporated into lotions or poultices, the bark
may be used to relives sores, ulcers, boils and
rashes. It may also be administered as a
decoction against asthma and amenorrhea and
as a febrifuge. Leaf extracts exhibit anti-oxidant
activity in the liver, and are a common
ingredient in cardiac and blood sugar reducing
medicines. The pulp may be used as a
massage is used to treat rheumatism, as an
acid refrigerant, a mild laxative and also to treat
scurvy. Powdered seeds may be given to cure
dysentery and diarrhea.
Other products: The pulp of the fruit,
sometimes mixed with sea-salt, is used to
polish silver, copper and brass in India and
elsewhere. The seed contains pectin that can
be used for sizing textiles.
Services: shade or shelter (the extended crown
of the tamarind offers shade so that it is used as
a ‘rest and consultation tree’ in villages), it can
also be used as a windbreak; boundary or
barrier or support (could be inserted into a live
fence), ornamental (evergreen habit and the
beautiful flowers make it suitable for ornamental
planting in parks, along roads and riverbanks).
42 Anabiong Trema orientalis Cannabaceae Tree Found in the lowland humid tropics. Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Erosion Control: rapidly grows on disturbed soil; No threats to this species
(L.) Blume It is among the first trees to establish Indigenous used in reclamation area; flood-damaged
in clearings, on flood-damaged riverbanks; and denuded soils;
riverbanks, and also colonizes Fodder: the leaves, pods, and seeds are used
denuded poor soils. The species is for fodder. Silage made from the foliage has a
intolerant of fire. Also occurs in crude protein content 18.9 g/100g dry matter
Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, and fed to cattle, buffaloes, and goats. The high
Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, fiber content and toxins usually limit the use of
Central African Republic, Chad, leaf meal in feeds. However, these limitations
China, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic can be overcome by extracting protein from the
Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, leaves.
Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Apiculture: makes good bee forage.
Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Fiber: An appropriate tropical hardwood for
Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, paper and pulp production which produces
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, good tensile strength and folding endurance.

Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Bark is made into ropes and employed as
Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, waterproof fishing lines;
Zambia, Zimbabwe Timber: Wood is off-white or tinged with pink
and fine grained but of low durability. Used in
manufacturing panel products, poles and
drumsticks.
Shade or shelter: often planted as shade tree in
coffee and cocoa plantations and also in other
crops;
Tannin or dyestuff: The bark yields a black dye
and the leaves a coffee colored one. The bark
and leaves contain a saponin and tannin;
Lipids: the seeds contain a dark green fixed oil;
Medicine: Both bark and leaf decoctions are
used as gargle, inhalation, drink, lotion, bath or
vapor bath for cough, sore throats, asthma,
bronchitis, gonorrhea, yellow fever, toothache,
as a vermifuge, and it is known to have anti-
plasmodium properties. The leaves are reported
to be a general antidote to poisons and a bark
infusion is drunk to control dysentery. A leaf
decoction is used to deworm dogs.
Ornamental: It is often planted a garden tree. Its
fast growing makes it a popular choice for new
garden;
Soil Improver: The mulch is used to improve
soil. The tree is common as a fallow species in
shifting cultivation.
43 Niog-niogan Ficus Moraceae Shrub In thickets and forests, especially in Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Flowers and shoots are edible; There is a general loss of
pseudopalma areas saturated with water, at low Indigenous Medicine: Anthelmintic (dried seeds preferable habitat across the
Blanco and medium altitudes. Also occurs in for deworming) distribution of this species
North Borneo. Services: ornamental mainly due to conversion of
land for various types of
plantations, however it has
also been found in
disturbed areas.
44 Hauili Ficus septica Moraceae Tree Common and widely distributed Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of roots used as diuretic, No threats to this species
Burm.f. throughout the Philippines at low and Indigenous treat boils; leaves as anti-rheumatic, used are
medium elevations, in thickets and sudorific; laxative, herpes, diarrhea, cough,
secondary forests. Also occurs in malaria, and stomach problems
Java, Northeast India, and China
45 Makahiya Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Herb Common. Widely distributed Introduced/ Least Not listed Medicine: Used as diuretic; also used for No threats to this species
throughout the country; in open Exotic concern dysentery and dysmenorrhea.
wastes at low and medium alttudes,
in settled areas. Native to South

America, now pantopic. In Malesia:
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls (Timor),
Moluccas (Seram).
46 Alagasi Leucosyke Urticaceae Tree Common and widely distributed Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of roots used for phthisis, No threats to this species
capitellata (Poir.) throughout the Philippines at low and Indigenous coughs, headache and gastralgia; Subanens in
Wedd. medium elevations, in thickets and Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, apply the bark
secondary forests. Also occurs in on the throat for treatment of cough;
Java, Northeast India, and China Fiber: Bark used for its strong bast fibers in
making ropes
Services: scouring (leaves, with its one-sided
roughness, used for scouring pots and pans).
47 Papaya grows satisfactorily in a wide range Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: fruit is a favorite breakfast and dessert No threats to this species
of areas from the equatorial tropics Exotic that is available year-round; young leaves are
to temperate latitudes. Widely sometimes eaten;
cultivated in the Philippines. Native Medicine: Carapine, an alkaloid present in
to Mexico. Costa Rica, and US papaya, can be used as a heart depressant,
amoebicide and diuretic. The fruit and juice are
eaten for gastrointestinal ailments; a fresh leaf
poultice is used to treat sores. The fresh root
with sugarcane alcohol can be taken orally or
as a massage to soothe rheumatism. A flower
decoction is taken orally for coughs, bronchitis,
asthma and chest colds. In some countries, the
seeds are used as an abortifacient and
vermifuge.
Latex or rubber: In some countries, C. papaya
is grown in sizeable plantations for the
extraction of papain, a proteolytic enzyme
present in the latex, collected mainly from green
fruit. Papain has varied uses in beverage, food
and pharmaceutical industry
48 Ailanthus Malasapsap Simaroubaceae Tree Common. Widely distributed Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Fiber: pulp is used for newsprint making; No threats to this species
integrifolia Lam. throughout the country; in thickets Exotic Timber is used for tea chests, matches,
and forests; in open and mixed laminated boards, packing cases or crates.
plantation. Native to India; Indonesia
(Bali, Irian Jaya, Maluku, Sulawesi,
Sumatera); Malaysia; Papua New
Guinea; Solomon Islands; Vietnam;
49 Kulot-kulotan Triumfetta Malvaceae Shrub Common and widespread in the Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: pounded or decoction of roots used No threats to this species
rhomboidea Philippines, in open grassland and Exotic to cure intestinal ulcers; decoction of leaves,
(Turez.) Merr. ruderal areas, settlement, and flowers, and roots used in gonorrhea and
scrubland. Native to Africa. Occurs in leprosy;
open waste places throughout the Food: used also as fodder for livestock
Philippines.

50 Kasoy Anacardium Anacardiaceae Tree Widely cultivated in the tropics for its Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: cultivated for its nuts; seed kernels are No threats to this species
occidentale L. nut, the cashew. Naturalized Exotic extracted by shelling the roasted nuts; in
throughout the seasonal parts of the production areas, cashew serves as food;
Philippines in settled areas at low elsewhere it forms a delicacy; the kernels are
and medium altitudes, often on nutritious, containing fats, proteins,
sandy soils in villages near carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals; young
seacoasts. Native to Brazil, Mexico, shoots and leaves are eaten fresh or cooked;
and US Fodder: the cake remaining after oil has been
extracted from the kernel serves as animal
food; seed coats are used as poultry feed;
Fuel: wood is popular for firewood and charcoal;
residue of the shell is often used as fuel in
cashew nut shell liquid extraction plants;
Fiber: pulp from the wood is used to fabricate
corrugated and hardboard boxes;
Timber: wood is known as ‘white mahogany’ in
Latin America that is fairly hard with a density of
500 kg/cm; it finds useful applications in wheel
hubs, yoke, fishing boats, furniture, false
ceilings and interior decoration; boxes made
from the wood are collapsible but are strong
enough to compete with conventional wooden
packing cases
Gum or resin: bark contains an acrid sap of
thick brown resin, which becomes black on
exposure to air. This is used as indelible ink in
marking and printing linens and cottons; resin is
also used as a varnish, a preservative for
fishnets and a flux for solder metals; stem also
yields an amber-colored gum, which is partly
soluble in water, the main portion swelling into a
jellylike mass. This gum is used as an adhesive
(for woodwork panels, plywood, bookbinding),
partly because it has insecticidal properties.
Tannin or dyestuff: acrid sap of the bark
contains 3-5% tannin and is employed in the
tanning industry;
Lipids: an oil, cashew nut shell liquid, is
produced in the large cells of the pericarp; it has
industrial applications and is used as a
preservative to treat, for instance, wooden
structures and fishing nets; it is also in good
demand for paints, synthetic resins, laminated
products, brake linings and clutch facings.

Alcohol: In Brazil, Mozambique, Philippines,
and Indonesia cashew wine (slightly fermented
juice) is enjoyed at harvest time and can be
distilled to produce strong alcoholic drinks;
Medicine: cashew syrup is a good remedy for
coughs and colds; apple juice is said to be
effective for the treatment of syphilis.; root
infusion is an excellent purgative; old cashew
liquor in small doses cures stomach-ache; oil
obtained from the shell by maceration in spirit is
applied to cure cracks on the sole of the feet,
common in villagers; cashew apple is anti-
scorbutic, astringent and diuretic, and is used
for cholera and kidney troubles; bark is
astringent, counterirritant, rubefacient, vesicant,
and used for ulcer; cashew nut shell oil is anti-
hypertensive and purgative; it is used for blood
sugar problems, kidney troubles, cholera,
cracks on soles of feet, hookworms, corns and
warts;
Services: reclamation (because of its extreme
tolerance of external conditions, it has been
planted in poor soils to check erosion,
intercropping (has been intercropped with
cowpea, groundnuts and horsegram in India)
51 Pandakaki Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae Shrub Common in lowland thickets or Endemic/ Not Not listed Medicine: decoction of roots and bark used to No threats to this species
pandacaqui Poir. brushland or scrubland areas and Indigenous evaluated treat stomach and intestinal ailments; white sap
along trails of abandoned/ waste lots. of the stem is applied to thorn injuries; boiled
Also found in Thailand, Taiwan, leaves (decoction) is known to cure erectile
Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, New dysfunction or known as ““herbal viagra.”;
Guinea, Australia, and Pacific. Services: widely cultivated for bonsai-making
and as ornamental due to its attractive white
flowers
52 Dalunot Pipturus Urticaceae Herb Very common and wide distributed Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: fruits are reportedly edible; No threats to this species
arborescences species. In thickets and secondary Exotic Medicine: in the Philippines, bark scrapping is
(Link) C.B Rob. forests at low and medium used externally as cataplasm for boils; leaves
altitudes. Also occurs in Borneo, used for treating herpes, simplex and skin
Rickeys, and Taiwan. diseases; Mansaka people of Mindanao apply
scrapped and pounded bark or pulp on wounds
to enhance healing.
53 Kollo-kollot Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Shrub Pantropic in distribution. Found in all Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Food: in Africa, leaves and flowers are eaten as No threats to this species
regions, in open places, thickets, and Exotic famine food;
damp areas. Native to Africa. Medicine: root decoction used to relieve colic;
infusion of root used internally as emollient and
refrigerant and externally for skin diseases

associated with pain and inflammation; used to
treat diabetes in Nigeria; in Congo, part of a
herbal concoction used for abdominal inflation
associated with schistosomiasis;
Fiber: bast fiber of the plant is of the jute type,
more easily extracted than jute; rope made from
fiber is fairly strong; used as cordage material;
favored fiber in the manufacture of coffee bags;
makes a strong paper and said to be twice as
strong as “Bank of England” note pulp
54 Lipang-aso Laportea interrupta Urticaceae Herb Native of Mexico and Americas. Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Poison: hairs can cause contact dermatitis; No threats to this species
(L.) Chew Common in agricultural areas, Exotic Medicine: leaves applied locally for carbuncles;
thickets, and ruderal areas. decoction of root used as diuretic.
55 Centrocema Centrocema Fabaceae Vines Native of South America, Mexico, Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Services: grows widely as ornamental plant; No threats to this species
pubescens Benth. Guatemala. Widespread in the Exotic Medicine: seed is crushed and applied to skin
Philippines, in denuded, ruderal, and for scorpion and snake bites
waste areas
56 Tamling Coccinea grandis Cucurbitaceae Vines Common in primary and secondary Endemic/ Not Not listed Medicine: employed as a bechic in the No threats to this species
(L.) Voigt forests, in thickets, often along Indigenous evaluated treatment of coughs in India; decoction of the
tributaries. Also occurs in SE Asia, leaves is an effective antiscobutic and may also
PNG, Australia. be used in aromatic baths;
57 Hanopol-tindig Poikilospermum Uticaceae Vines Also occurs in Indo-China and the Endemic/ Not Not listed Food: leaves and berries are edible; used for No threats to this species
erectum (Blanco) Malay Peninsula to the Moluccas. Indigenous evaluated green peppercorn spice
Merr. Common in thickets and damp Medicine: root is chewed and the saliva
places. swallowed, or the decoction of root taken
internally as cure for colic, dyspepsia and
gastralgia.
58 Albutra Arcangelisia flava Menispermaceae Vines Scattered in thickets and forests at Endemic/ Not Not listed Medicine: decoction of wood used for cleansing No threats to this species
(L.) Merr. low and medium altitudes from the Indigenous evaluated wounds; used as a cure for itches and tropical
Batan Islands to Palawan and ulcers; decoction or infusion of plant used as
Mindanao. Widely distributed from stomachic and febrifuge; decoction of roots and
China, Indo-China, Malaysia, stem used as febrifuge, and tonic; also used as
Borneo, the Moluccas to New abortive; in Zambales used as expectorant in
Guinea. bronchial affections.
Dye: stems used for its yellow dye (berberine),
a single plant yielding as much as one kilo of
berberine;
Others: popular in the Philippines as a
germicide.
59 Kahoy-dalaga Mussaenda Rubiaceae Shrub Native to South America. In thickets Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: used for dysentery and snake bites; No threats to this species
philippica A. Rich. and secondary forests at low and Exotic decoction of roots and leaves used for
medium altitudes, in almost all affections of the chest and lung; bark used for
islands and provinces stomach ache; externally, decoction of leaves
used as emollient; for influenza,
the tambalan healers of Samar use the

scrapping of the bark of M. philippica and C.
dichotoma; mixed and pounded, the expressed
juice strained and mixed with lemon extract;
taken three times daily;
Services: widely cultivated as ornamental
60 Talong punay Datura metel L. Solanaceae Shrub Native of tropical Asia, now pantropic Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Services: cultivated also for ornamental No threats to this species
in distribution. Occurs in open, waste Exotic purposes;
places in and about settlements, Medicine: leaves used a lot in resolutive and
throughout the settled areas in the mitigant poultices; used to cure asthma (dried
Philippines leaves and stems); muscle pain and cramps
due to rheumatism; gastric pain; sprains,
contusions, snakebites, piles; severe cold
accompanied by excessive sneezing similar to
hay fever symptoms; psoriasis; for rheumatic
swelling of the joints, lumbago, painful tumors,
nodes; applied locally as poultice of leaves,
epithem, fomentation or liniment; leaves applied
as anodyne poultice to inflamed breasts, or to
check excessive secretion of milk; leaves boiled
in oil, or the oil itself, is a useful application for
hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and other rectal
diseases associated with tenesmus; juice of
leaves administered internally for the prevention
of gonorrhea; hallucinogenic (used as a
ritualistic herb for its hallucinogenic effects. In
Nigeria, decoction of leaves or fruits added to
drinks to achieve a "high," as a substitute for
marijuana. It has been reported that the Moros
intoxicated themselves with the plant before
committing their massacres: poison (: in India
and Indo-China, reportedly used quite
commonly with criminal intent;
61 Payang-payang Flemingia Leguminosae Shrub Introduced to Micronesia, Polynesia, Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: decoction of dried leaves used for No threats to this species
strobilifera (L.) Guam, Hawaii, Caledonia, Samoa, in Indigenous colds and fever; dried roots used for malaria,
Roxb. ex. W. Aiton almost Pacific Islands. Occurs in swelling and enlargement of liver and spleen,
agricultural area, ruderal and decoction of charred roots used for excessive
disturbed places menstrual flow; decoction of bark used for
hemorrhages, diarrhea, poisoning, and eye
diseases; decoction of flowers for bile and liver
afflictions;
Services: soil cover and erosion control;
nitrogen-fixing
62 Tubang-bakod Jathropa curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Native range Belize, Costa Rica, El Introduced/ Not Not listed Wax: bark contains a wax composed of a No threats to this species
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Exotic evaluated mixture of ‘melissyl alcohol’ and its melissimic
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. Very acid ester.

common in and about towns, in Poison: oil contains a toxin, curcasin; albumen
thickets and hedges along roadsides. of the kernel is a poison, toxalbumen cursin,
Best adapted to arid and semi-arid most abundant in the embryo; croton resin,
conditions. Most Jatropha spp. occur occurs in the seeds and causes redness and
in the following seasonally dry areas: pustular eruptions of the skin; listed as a fish
grassland-savannah and thorn forest poison; seed oil, extracts of seeds and phorbol
scrub but, are completely lacking esters from the oil have been used to control
from the moist Amazon region. The various pests, often with successful results; oil
current distribution of J. curcas has purgative properties, but seeds are
shows that introduction has been poisonous; even the remains from pressed
most successful in drier regions of seeds can be fatal.
the tropics. It is very tolerant and Erosion control: In Cape Verde, planted in arid
thrives under a wide range of climatic areas for soil-erosion control;
and edaphic conditions. It is Food: ashes from the roots and branches are
particularly hardy at medium altitude used as cooking salt; young leaves may be
and in humid zones. It is not safely eaten when steamed or stewed; cooked
sensitive to day length. nuts are eaten in certain regions of Mexico
Oil/ Resin: oil is an environmentally safe, cost-
effective renewable source of non-conventional
energy and a promising substitute for diesel,
kerosene and other fuels; (biodiesel); oil burns
without smoke and has been employed for
street lighting near Rio de Janeiro;
Tannin or dyestuff: leaf juice stains red and
marks linen an indelible black. The 37% tannin
found in bark is said to yield a dark blue dye;
latex also contains 10% tannin and can be used
as marking ink; ashes from the roots and
branches are used in the dyeing industry, and
pounded seeds in tanning in Ghana.
Lipids: seeds yield up to 31-37% of a valuable
oil; used to prepare varnish after calcination
with iron oxides; hardened physic nut oil could
be a satisfactory substitute for tallow or
hardened rice bran oil;
Medicine: seeds were formerly exported from
the Cape Verde Islands to Portugal and the
‘curcas’, or purging oil, from them is a drastic
purgative.; oil is widely used for skin diseases
and to soothe pain such as that caused by
rheumatism; oil is used to stimulate hair growth;
seeds are also used in the treatment of syphilis;
juice or latex is applied directly to wounds and
cuts as a styptic and astringent to clean teeth,

gums, and to treat sores on the tongue and in
the mouth;
Services: widely cultivated in the tropics as a
living fence in fields and settlements; not
browsed by cattle; grows without protection and
can be used as a hedge to protect fields; soil
improver (press cake cannot be used in animal
feed because of its toxic properties, but it is
valuable as organic manure due to a nitrogen
content similar to that of seed cake from castor
bean and chicken manure. Tender branches
and leaves are used as a green manure for
coconut trees. All plant parts can be used as a
green manure); intercropping.
63 Malapapaya Polyscias nodosa Araliaceae Tree Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Timber: for light to medium construction; No threats to this species
(Blume) Seem. Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Indigenous furniture;
Solomom Isls. LUZON: Benguet, Services: reforestation species
Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan,
Rizal, Quezon, Laguna, Batangas,
Sorsogon, PALAWAN, LEYTE,
BASILAN, MINDANAO. Disturbed
lowland forests and associated
thickets generally, ascending to
1000m.
64 Bulak-manok Ageratum Asteraceae Herb A common weed flowering year- Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: juice of fresh leaves is widely used as No threats to this species
conyzoides L. round throughout the Philippines Exotic a vulnerary, pounded and mixed with salt; stem,
from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 roots, and flowers of the plant are boiled, the
meters. The seeds are light, easily resulting decoction used for stomach troubles;
dispersed and disseminated by wind. whole plant has been used as a decoction for
Of American origin and now cough, colds, fever, skin disease, and high
pantropic. blood pressure; also for bleeding due to
external wounds; furuncle, eczema, carbuncle
65 Bauhinia Alibangbang Leguminosae Tree Very common; in open, dry slopes, in Endemic/ Not cited Not listed Food: leaves are sour; commonly used as No threats to this species
malabarica Roxb regions with long dry seasons in Indigenous flavoring for meat and fish (sinigang dishes);
Luzon (Ilocos Norte to Laguna). Also excellent source of calcium and iron;
occurs in India to Indo-China, Java Medicine: infusion of fresh flowers for
and Timor. dysentery; decoction of bark used for liver
problems; leaves are applied to forehead for
fevers;
Tannin and Dye Stuff: pods are sources of
black and blue dyes;
Fiber: crumbled bark is a source of fiber for
cordage;
Wood: light construction materials, farm
implements; fuelwood

Timber: planted as live post/fence; ornamental
66 Sapindus Kusibeng Sapindaceae Tree Common. Widely cultivated and Introduced/ Not cited Not listed Medicine: used for dysentery and snake bites; No threats to this species
saponaria L. naturalized in the tropics and Exotic decoction of roots and leaves used for
forma mirocarpa subtropics. Native to America and affections of the chest and lung; bark used for
Radlk. Argentina stomach ache; externally, decoction of leaves
used as emollient; for influenza,
the tambalan healers of Samar use the
scrapping of the bark of M. philippica and C.
dichotoma; mixed and pounded, the expressed
juice strained and mixed with lemon extract;
taken three times daily;
Services: widely cultivated as ornamental

2.1.4.2 Terrestrial Fauna

Fauna assessment is also an important aid in evaluating the significant impacts of the project into the
environment especially to faunal species on site. This is important to determine if there are any
endangered or threatened species in the proposed project area. Result of the study will also focus on
faunal diversity composition with an intention to identify significant environmental impacts and
recommend appropriate mitigating measures. Assessing areas of high biodiversity, especially within
the quarry areas plays a vital role to determine the key areas for conservation and in establishing
conservation priorities. The assessment was conducted in May 26 to 28, 2016. Table 2.1.4.15 and
Figure 2.1.4.8 shows the geographical location and sampling points of terrestrial fauna assessment of
MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry) and MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2).
Table 2.1.4.15: Sampling Points and Geographical Coordinates of Terrestrial Fauna

Geographic
Sampling Existing land use
Location Coordinates
Points
Northing Easting
1 MPSA124-98 (Pamias 2) 14° 34' 45.45" 121° 12' 58.38" Grass land area in between quarry area
and agricultural area
2 MPSA124-98 (Pamias 2) 14° 34' 53.11" 121° 13' 1.11" Shrub land area, adjacent the quarry
area
3 MPSA124-98 (Pamias 2) 14° 35' 6.02" 121° 12' 54.21" Shrub land and near settlement
4 MPSA 116-98 (Pantay 14° 36' 35.85" 121° 13' 17.44" Shrub land. Within Top ridge.
Silica Quarry)
5 MPSA 125-98 Parcel 2 14° 36' 17.82" 121° 13' 29.78" Shrub land, along settlement.
(Pamias 3)
6 MPSA 125-98 Parcel 2 14° 35' 54.34" 121° 13' 33.86" Shrub land, along settlement area
(Pamias 3)
Methodology
The survey covers vertebrates which include the groups of avi-fauna, mammals, herpeto-fauna and
amphibians. Prior to the conduct of sampling, general assessment of different ecosystem/ habitat was
undertaken to determine the areas for actual observation and setting up of sampling points. Selected
sites for sampling covers the primary impact area of the project where structural developments and
areas proposed for physical modification are prioritized for assessment.
Birds. Point Area or Time Count Method following transect line/ walk primarily used for bird sampling.
All bird species sighted, heard, and/or observed on both sides of the transect line were recorded and
documented. Four (4) transect lines covering three (3) types of ecosystems (wooded grassland,
brushland, and cultivated area along shoreline) were assessed early in the morning from 6am to 9am
and late afternoon from 3 to 6pm where birds are most active and feeding during the said time of the
day. Mist netting were also conducted using 3 sets of 4m x 12m fine mist nets to observe and document,
not only bird species but also other flying mammals. Capture species through mist nets were
immediately retrieved, documented, and released. As much as possible, no double counting was made.
Reptiles and Amphibians. Active search for reptiles and amphibians was conducted systematically in
all sampling points and immediate vicinity especially in the presence of suitable habitats such as holes
and or underneath of the decaying logs or large stones. For each species observed and heard, the
name of the species, number of individuals, and the type of habitat where reptiles and amphibians are
encountered will be recorded. Double counting of the same species was definitely avoided. Photos of
species encountered at the sampling plots were documented. The length of time spent searching a
particular site for the presence of reptiles and amphibians was set at about one hour per sampling site.
Mammals. For non-volant mammals such as rodents, cage trapping using Sherman’s traps was
conducted within the floral sampling plots. Ten (10) traps with grilled coconut laced with peanut butter
as bait was placed more or less equidistant to each other at about 20 meters apart and were left
overnight. The species, number of individuals for each rodent species trapped and the habitat condition
were recorded.

Figure 2.1.4.8: Location of sampling points and transect walk/line of terrestrial fauna assessment for
MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) and MPSA 116-98 (Pantay Silica Quarry)

For volant (flying) mammals, primarily bats, mist-netting was done in each sampling site. A 4m x 12m
mist net was set up along the potential flight ways or pathways of the bats and was left overnight.
Trapped bats were identified, photo-documented and recorded together with the number of individuals
per species.
Results and Discussions
Summary of Fauna species

The overall result of the assessment revealed a total of 35 faunal species, including the 3 reported
species by key informant, which is dominated by bird species. Out of the total observed species, birds
are the dominant fauna in the area composed of 28 species or 80%, reptiles with 3 species or 8.57%,
mammals with 3 species or 8.57% and amphibian with only 1 species representing 2.85%. In terms of
family composition birds comprised of 22 families dominated by Columbidae having 5 species (22.72%),
reptiles are represented by 3 families, mammals with 3 families and amphibian with only1 family.
Majority of the species identified on site are native to the Philippines comprised of 85.7%, Only two
species-the Pygmy Flower Pecker (bird) and Bat/kabag (mammal) species are known to be endemic in
the country, and the two species-the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (bird) and Marine Toad (amphibian) are
introduced species into the country. These species observed are common in different types of
ecosystem including in lowland areas, along rivers, agricultural, shrub lands along and within
settlements which could thrive even in highly disturb habitats including urban areas.
Species not encountered during the entire duration of assessment were generated through ethno-
biological interview to some locals. Result of informal interviews revealed that some reptile species are
still present within and adjacent the project area, both in the proposed expansion areas. Reported
species includes the Philippine Cobra/Ulupong (Naja philipinensis) and Monitor Lizard or locally known
as Bayawak (Varanus salvator) which are sometimes sighted and/or catch by some locals. One of the
interviewed local in barangay San Jose (Pamias 2) claimed that in the previous month he killed a Cobra
locally known as ulupong adjacent their settlement area along the MPSA 124-98 boundary. Likewise,
the same species is being reported to be present in the other site (Pantay) including a Monitor Lizard
which are sometimes sighted along the lagoon. Pervasiveness of small caves, rock openings in the
area as well as the present of lagoon provides a favorable abode for reptile species specially during
summer months.
Relative Frequency
Within the 6 sampling points established in MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) and MPSA 116-98 (Pantay) of
the proposed expansion project area, a total of 32 faunal species were sighted comprised of 28 aves,
3 mammals and 1 amphibian (excluding those reported species) with a total population of 166. The
dominant species with reference to population, the Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla) recorded the
have the highest count of 22 seconded by Tawny Grass Bird (Megalurus timoriensis) with a population
count of 18.
In terms of species occurrence, the Tawny Grass Bird (Megalurus timoriensis) is sighted in all the
established sampling points followed by the White Collared King Fisher (Halcyon chloris) with a relative
frequency of 0.0800 and 0.0667, respectively. Table 16 shows the summary list of species, population,
occurrence and relative frequency.
Table 2.1.4.16: Summary of Fauna Species, Population and Relative Frequency

To no. of No. of times Relative
No.. Common Name Scientific name Frequency
individuals intercepted Frequency (%)
Aves
1 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis 10 4 0.667 0.0533
2 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis 2 2 0.333 0.0267
3 Blue Tailed Bee Eater Merops philippinus 9 3 0.500 0.0400
4 Buff-Banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 3 1 0.167 0.0133
5 Chesnut Munia Lonchura atricapilla 22 3 0.500 0.0400
6 Eurasian Tree Passer montanus 12 3 0.500 0.0400
Sparrow
7 Glossy Swiflet Collocalia esculenta 8 4 0.667 0.0533
8 Great Eared Nightjar Eurostopodus macrotis 2 1 0.167 0.0133
9 Little Heron Butorides striata 2 1 0.167 0.0133

To no. of No. of times Relative

No.. Common Name Scientific name Frequency
individuals intercepted Frequency (%)
10 Long Tailed Shrike Lanius schach 3 3 0.500 0.0400
11 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 1 1 0.167 0.0133
12 Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica 2 1 0.167 0.0133
13 Philippine coucal Chalcophaps indica 4 4 0.667 0.0533
14 Pied Bushchat Saxicola Caprata 4 3 0.500 0.0400
15 Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica 3 3 0.500 0.0400
16 Pygmy Flower Pecker Dicaeum pygmaeum 12 4 0.667 0.0533
17 Amethyst Brown Dove Phapitreron 3 2 0.333 0.0267
amethystinus
18 Slender Billed Crow Corvus enca 2 2 0.333 0.0267
19 Small Buttonquail Butorides striatus 2 2 0.333 0.0267
20 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis 2 2 0.333 0.0267
21 Tawny Grass Bird Megalurus timoriensis 18 6 1.000 0.0800
22 White Collared King Halcyon chloris 7 5 0.833 0.0667
Fisher
23 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 2 1 0.167 0.0133
24 White-breasted Artamus leucorynchus 5 4 0.667 0.0533
Woodswallow
25 White-Eared Brown Phapitreron leucotis 4 3 0.500 0.0400
Dove
26 Yellow Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier 12 3 0.500 0.0400
27 Zebra Dove Geopelia striata 3 2 0.333 0.0267
28 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola Juncidis 3 2 0.333 0.0267
Mammals
29 Bat/kabag Ptenochirus jagorii 1 1 0.167 0.0133
30 Common Short-nosed Cynopterus brachyotis 1 1 0.167 0.0133
Fruit Bat
31 Polynesian Coconut Rattus exullans 1 1 0.167 0.0133
Rat
Amphibian
32 Marine Toad Bufo marinus 1 1 0.167 0.0133
TOTAL 166 79 12.500 1.0000
Conservation Status
Conservation status of listed species with reference to the International Union of Conservation for
Nature (IUCN) and DAO 97-01, only the reported Philippine cobra (Naja philipinensis) is under category
of Nearly Threatened species. On the other hand, the Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) is classified as
Least Concern in the IUCN (IUCN 2015.2), conversely, it is considered Vulnerable under the Appendix
II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora which is not
Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-
term future. The rest of the species are under Least Concern in category. Table 17 illustrate the
summary of wildlife species in the proposed project site, their conservation status and corresponding
geographical range (Source: http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Table 2.1.4.17: Conservation status of observed fauna species (based on IUCN list)
Conservation status Aves Mammal Reptile Amphibian Total
Critically endangered
Near Threatened 1
Vulnerable
Least Concern 28 3 3 1 35
Not evaluated
TOTAL 28 3 4 1 36

Diversity and Evenness Indices

The result of computed biodiversity index of the assessed area using the Shannon-Weiner Index (H’)
and Pielou’s Index (J’) formula has an average species richness value of 2.013 and species evenness
value of 0.938, respectively. Results have been referred to Fernando Biodiversity Scale, of which the
biodiversity of MPSA 124-98 (Pamias 2) recorded a low level of biodiversity while MPSA 116-98 (Pantay
Silica Quarry) has a very high species evenness (Table 18).
Table 2.1.4.18: Biodiversity and Evenness Index of the two MPSA’s

Biodiversity Scale
MPSA/ (The Fernando Biodiversity Scale (1998))
Description
Sampling Point Shannon –Weiner Pielou’s Evenness
Biodiversity Index (H’) Index (J’)
MPSA 124-98 ( Pamias 2)
SP1 2.246 0.975 Biodiversity composition of the area is low with very
high species evenness
SP2 1.436 0.892 Biodiversity composition of the area is very low with
very high species evenness
AVERAGE 2.013 0.938 Biodiversity composition of the area is low with very
SP1 2.694 0.957 Biodiversity composition of the area is moderate with
SP2 2.855 0.898 Biodiversity composition of the area is Moderate with
AVERAGE 2.553 0.912 Biodiversity composition of the area is moderate with
Ecological and Economic Importance of identified fauna species

Faunal species are good indicator of the existing environment of certain ecosystem or area. They play
a significant role in many aspects that includes enhancement of the ecological balance and food chain
cycle and other natural environmental processes. Most of fauna species are also known as natural
agents in seed dispersal and pollination which aid in the transport of varieties of seeds in the
environment. They also act as natural predators to some pest to agricultural crops.
Aside from the wildlife’s significance in an ecosystem, they also provide economic importance in various
aspects. They are even valuable source of food and medicines. Commercially, some wildlife species
are being utilized as trade pets as source of income. They are also considered among of the aesthetic
value of the ecosystem which they are economically important for the tourism industry. Faunal species
are also significant in the field of science and research. Existence of varieties of fauna species are part
of country’s cultural asset.
Project Key Impacts to Remaining Wildlife Species
Loss of habitat
The project will require land clearing resulting to the removal of remaining vegetation to give way on
quarry operation. This entails to further disturbance of wildlife, loss of habitats and reduction to
biodiversity composition in the area. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians however will be more severely
impacted by the phases of the project. Faunal community will change as a result of the modification to
the landscape during the phases of the project. As the project progress, habitats will be altered and
emptied.
Decrease/ migration of faunal species

Further loss of vegetative cover as a result of land clearing may encourage movement/migration of
wildlife species in the area aggravated by the loss of habitat and remaining sources of food for survival.
Likewise, wildlife disturbance due to noise generated during operation brought about by the operation

of heavy equipment’s will force faunal species to migrate in other or nearby areas/habitat where
disturbance is less.
Though, most of the faunal species are mobile in nature this situation will force them to migrate in other
areas to search for new habitats. Migration of other wildlife to new territory/ies or ecosystem will pose
threat to their existence. Since, they can be further exposed to hunting, persecution and trading.
Continuous destruction of faunal habitats and disturbance will threaten the remaining species
population and survival in the near future if not prevented. Thence, decrease of population to some
species will be expected to happen while others may not incur significant change. On the other hand,
the presence of o man made lagoon in Pantay would likely attract migratory birds and over time, these
birds may use the sites as a stopover point during migration.
Hindrance to Wildlife Access

Changing the landscape will directly impact movement ecology of wildlife. This impact will be more
severe for species whose movements are assisted by certain habitats. For example, some mammals
may not be able to cross the barrier created by roads. However, since the landscape is predominantly
of grassland, shrub land, there will be very few forest-dependent species directly impacted. Having said
that, the project might prevent dispersal of some endemic birds that probably use this area as stepping
stone to their ideal habitats.
Proposed Mitigating and Enhancement Measures
Replacement of trees cut due to land clearing

Prior to project implementation the proponent will coordinate to the DENR to seek clearance for the
identification of required documents for the issuance of needed tree cutting permit (PD 705). Moreover,
to compensate the loss vegetation, the proponent will replace the number of trees removed/cut and
plant them to nearby areas or in accordance with the advice of the DENR. Species that will be used for
the reforestation must be indigenous trees and/or fruit bearing trees which are endemic in the place that
can attract the return of wildlife.
Measures to minimize decrease/migration of faunal species

Land clearing will be confined on designated sites only. During quarry operation, the contractor will
ensure to prohibit his employee’s to engage in any mode of wildlife collection and/or hunting, rather, the
contractor shall promote conservation and protection of remaining wildlife species. Promote wildlife
protection using innovative means such as putting up of warning signage’s on strategic areas for public
information and warning. Areas not intended for quarry operation must be immediately planted with fruit
bearing trees to attract faunal species. Left un-touched vegetation’s will serve’s as abode to some faunal
species.
Gradual Land Clearing

Gradual land clearing and removal of vegetation is encouraged to provide sufficient time for wildlife
species to transfer in the nearby habitat. Further, it is recommended that intact vegetation within the
project area shall be protected (in patches) to serve as refuge and forage/ feeding area for wildlife
species that can thrive in disturbed area. Planting of naturally growing tree species in the designated
areas might encourage other wildlife species / migratory birds which may use the sites as a stopover
point during migration.

Annex 2: Summary list of species, conservation status and geographic distribution

Scientific Conservation Distribution
No. Family Common Name Geographic Range
Name Status Status
Aves
1 Sylviidae Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus Least Concern Native Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Canada; China; Finland; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia;
borealis Japan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Lao People's
Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Mexico; Mongolia; Myanmar; Norway; Philippines;
Russian Federation; Singapore; Sweden; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Thailand;
Timor-Leste; United States; Viet Nam
2 Oriolodae Black-naped Oriolus Least Concern Native Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of;
Oriole chinensis Korea, Republic of; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines;
Russian
3 Meropidae Blue Tailed Bee Merops Least Concern Native Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic
Eater philippinus Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines;
Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
4 Rallidae Buff-Banded Rail Gallirallus Least Concern Native American Samoa (American Samoa); Australia; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Fiji; Indonesia;
philippensis New Zealand; Niue; Norfolk Island; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Samoa;
Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna
5 Estrildidae Chesnut Munia Lonchura Least Concern Native Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India;
mallaca Indonesia; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines;
Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
6 Passeridae Eurasian Tree Passer Least Concern Introduced Eurasia, China, Taiwan, Ryukus, SE Asia, Sumatra and Java, introduced lesser Sunda to
Sparrow montanus Australia, including Mollucas, Sulawesi, Borneo and the Philippines- Batan, Biliran,
Bongao, Calauit, Camotes, Carabao, Catanduanes, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro,
Negros, Olango, Palawan, Panay, Sabtang, SangaSanga, Sibuyan, Sicogon, Siquijor, and
Tawi-Tawi.
7 Apodidae Glossy Swiflet Collocalia Least Concern Native Brunei Darussalam; Christmas Island; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; New
esculenta Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand;
Timor-Leste; Vanuatu; Vagrant in Australia
8 Caprimulgidae Great Eared Eurostopodus Least Concern Native Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic;
Nightjar macrotis Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam


Name Status Status
9 Ardeidae Little Heron Butorides Least Concern Native Angola (Angola); Anguilla; Argentina; Aruba; Australia; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Belize;
striata Benin; Bermuda; Bhutan; Bolivia, Plurinational States of; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and
Saba; Botswana; Brazil; British Indian Ocean Territory; Brunei Darussalam; Burkina Faso;
Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Cayman Islands; Central African Republic;
Chad; Chile; China; Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the;
Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Cuba; Curaçao; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic;
Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Fiji; French Guiana;
French Polynesia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala;
Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic
of; Israel; Jamaica; Japan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea,
Republic of; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia;
Maldives; Mali; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated
States of ; Montserrat; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal; New Caledonia;
Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Northern Mariana Islands; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Panama;
Papua New Guinea; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Réunion; Russian
Federation; Rwanda; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Martin (French part); Saint
Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sao Tomé and Principe; Saudi
Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Sint Maarten (Dutch part);
Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;
South Sudan; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Swaziland; Taiwan, Province of China;
Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Turks
and Caicos Islands; Uganda; United Arab Emirates; United States; Uruguay; Vanuatu;
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.;
Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe.
10 Laniidae Long Tailed Lanius Least Concern Native Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Kazakhstan;
Shrike schach Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Oman;
Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of
China; Tajikistan; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Turkmenistan; Viet Nam; Vagrant in Israel;
Japan; Maldives; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom
11 Pandionidae Osprey Pandion Least Concern Native Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Angola (Angola); Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina;
haliaetus Armenia (Armenia); Aruba; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; Bahrain; Bangladesh;
Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bhutan; Bolivia, Plurinational States of;
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (Saba, Sint Eustatius); Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia;
Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Central African Republic; Chad; Chile;
China; Colombia; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Costa Rica; Côte
d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; Curaçao; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Estonia;
Ethiopia; Finland; France; French Guiana; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana;


Name Status Status
Gibraltar; Greece; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau;
Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Hong Kong; Hungary; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of;
Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic
People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic
Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liberia; Libya; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg;
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malawi; Malaysia; Mali; Malta; Martinique;
Mauritania; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Moldova; Monaco; Mongolia;
Montenegro; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal; Netherlands;
New Caledonia; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman;
Pakistan; Palau; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Paraguay;
Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation;
Rwanda; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Martin (French part); Saint Pierre and
Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sao Tomé and Principe; Saudi Arabia;
Senegal; Serbia (Serbia); Sierra Leone; Singapore; Sint Maarten (Dutch part); Slovakia;
Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan; Spain (Canary Is.); Sri
Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic;
Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Timor-
Leste; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos
Islands; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States
(Georgia); United States Minor Outlying Islands; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Venezuela,
Bolivarian Republic of; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Western
Sahara; Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe
12 Hirundinidae Pacific Swallow Hirundo Least Concern Native Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Fiji; French Polynesia; India; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia;
tahitica Myanmar; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Solomon Islands;
Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Vanuatu; Viet Nam
13 Columbidae Philippine coucal Chalcophaps Least Concern Native Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Christmas Island; Hong
indica Kong; India; Indonesia; Japan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Nepal; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Viet Nam
14 Muscicapidae Pied Bushchat Saxicola Least Concern Native Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of;
Caprata Kazakhstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan;
Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Tajikistan; Thailand; Timor-Leste;
Turkmenistan; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Viet Nam
15 Muscicapidae Pied Fantail Rhipidura Least Concern Native Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
javanica and Vietnam
16 Dicaeidae Pygmy Flower Dicaeum Least Concern Endemic Balabac, Calauit, Culion and Palawan; fugaensisCalayan and Fuga;
Pecker pygmaeum salomonseninorthwest Luzon; pygmaeumBohol, Boracay, Calag-an, Cebu, Corregidor,
Gigantes, Guimaras, Leyte, Lubang, Central and Southern Luzon,Maestre de Campo,


Name Status Status
Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro, Negros, Polillo, Romblon, Samar, Semirara, Sibay,
Sibuyan, Sicogon, Siquijor, and Ticao; Davao, Camiguin Sur and Mindanao.
17 Columbidae Amethyst Brown Phapitreron Least Concern Native Philippines
Dove amethystinus
18 Corvidae Slender Billed Corvus enca Least Concern Native Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines
Crow
19 Turnicidae Small Buttonquail Butorides Least Concern Native All of India up to about 2500m in the Himalayas: Sri Lanka: Bangladesh: Burma: Indonesia
striatus and the most of southeast Asia, Philippines.
20 Columbidae Spotted Dove Streptopelia Least Concern Native Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao People's
chinensis Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Maldives; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand;
Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
21 Sylviidae Tawny Grass Megalurus Least Concern Native Australia; Indonesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Timor-Leste
Bird timoriensis
22 Alcinidae White Collared Halcyon Least Concern Native Oriental region; Australasia; American Samoa (American Samoa); Australia; Bangladesh;
King Fisher chloris Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Eritrea; Fiji; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic
Republic; Malaysia; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Myanmar; Northern Mariana
Islands; Oman; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Singapore;
Solomon Islands; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; United Arab Emirates; Vanuatu; Viet
Nam; Vagrant in China; Christmas Island; Hong Kong; Japan; Somalia
23 Motacillidae White Wagtail Motacilla alba Least Concern Native Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Armenia (Armenia); Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain;
Bangladesh; Belarus; Belgium; Benin; Bhutan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Burkina
Faso; Cambodia; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Central African Republic; Chad; China; Congo,
The Democratic Republic of the; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti;
Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Gambia; Georgia;
Germany; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Hong Kong;
Hungary; Iceland; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan;
Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait;
Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Libya; Liechtenstein;
Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macao; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malaysia;
Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Mexico; Moldova; Mongolia; Montenegro; Morocco; Myanmar;
Nepal; Netherlands; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory,
Occupied; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation; San
Marino; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia (Serbia); Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia;
Slovenia; Somalia; South Sudan; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Svalbard and Jan Mayen;
Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan;
Thailand; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United
Kingdom; United States (Georgia); Uzbekistan; Viet Nam; Western Sahara; Yemen


Name Status Status
24 Artamidae White-breasted Artamus Least Concern Native Australia; Brunei Darussalam; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; New Caledonia;
Woodswallow leucorynchus Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Timor-Leste; Vanuatu
25 Columbidae White-Eared Phapitreron Least Concern Native Native in Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines;
Brown Dove leucotis Singapore; Thailand
26 Pycnonotidae Yellow Vented Pycnonotus Least Concern Native Southeast Asia; common in the Philippines, Singapore and Brunei; Native in Brunei
Bulbul goiavier Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia;
Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam
27 Columbidae Zebra Dove Geopelia Least Concern Native Native in Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines;
striata Singapore; Thailand
28 Cisticolidae Zitting Cisticola Cisticola Least Concern Native Albania; Algeria; Angola (Angola); Australia; Bangladesh; Belgium; Benin; Botswana;
Juncidis Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; China;
Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus; Egypt;
Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; France; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece;
Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq;
Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Kenya; Korea, Republic of; Lao People's Democratic Republic;
Lebanon; Lesotho; Libya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malawi; Mali;
Malta; Mauritania; Montenegro; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal;
Netherlands; Niger; Nigeria; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Philippines;
Portugal; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia (Serbia); Sierra Leone; Singapore;
Slovenia; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland;
Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tanzania, United Republic
of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Uganda; Viet Nam; Yemen; Zambia;
Zimbabwe
Reptiles
29 Varanidae Monitor Lizard** Varanus Least concern Native This species is extremely widespread throughout southern and Southeast Asia (Gaulke
salvator (IUCN 2015.2), and Horn 2004). Bangladesh; Cambodia; China (Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Hong Kong;
Vulnerable (CITES India (Andaman Is., Nicobar Is.); Indonesia (Bali, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera);
app.2) Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar; Singapore;
Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam
30 Colubridae Common Rat Elaphe Least Concern Native Philippines
snake** erythrura
31 Elapidae Ulupong/Phil. Naja Near Threatened Native Philippines
Cobra** philippinensis
30 Colubridae Common Rat Elaphe Least Concern Native Philippines
snake** erythrura


Name Status Status
31 Elapidae Ulupong/Phil. Naja Near Threatened Native Philippines
Cobra** philippinensis
Amphibians
32 Bufonidae Marine Toad Bufo marinus Least Concern Native Belize; Bolivia, Plurinational States of; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; El
Salvador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama;
Peru; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; United States (Florida - Introduced, Hawaiian Is. -
Introduced, Texas); Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic
Introduced: Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; Australia; Barbados; Dominican Republic;
Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Haiti; Jamaica; Japan; Martinique; Montserrat; Northern
Mariana Islands; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Puerto Rico; Saint Kitts and Nevis;
Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Solomon Islands; Taiwan, Province of
China; Virgin Islands, U.S.
Mammals
33 Pteropodidae Bat/kabag Ptenochirus Least Concern Endemic The greater musky fruit bat is endemic to the Philippines, and occurs widely, except in the
jagorii Batanes/Babuyan and Palawan Faunal Regions. It has been recorded from Biliran, Bohol,
Bongao, Boracay, Caluya, Camiguin, Carabao, Catanduanes, Cebu, Dinagat, Leyte,
Luzon (Abra, Albay, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilin
(Gonzalez), Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain province, Nueva Viscaya, Pampanga,
Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, and Zambales ), Marinduque, Maripipi,
Masbate, Mindanao (Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao
Oriental, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, South
Cotabato, Surigao del Sur, and Zamboanga del Sur provinces), Mindoro, Negros, Panay,
Polillo Islands, Samar, Sanga-sanga, Semirara, Siargao, Sibay, Sibuyan, Siquijor, Tablas
and Ticao (L. Paguntalan pers. comm. 2006) (Alcala and Alviola 1970; Heaney et
al. 1998, 2005). Its elevational range is 0-1,950 m asl (Heaney et al. 1998, 2005).
34 Pteropodidae Common Short- Cynopterus Least Concern Native Widespread species in SE; Native in Cambodia; China; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
nosed Fruit Bat brachyotis Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu); Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatera);
Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand;
Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
35 Muridae Polynesian Rattus Least concern Introduced The greater musky fruit bat is endemic to the Philippines, and occurs widely, except in the
Coconut Rat exullans Batanes/Babuyan and Palawan Faunal Regions. (Alcala and Alviola 1970; Heaney et
al. 1998, 2005). Its elevational range is 0-1,950 m asl (Heaney et al. 1998, 2005).

2.2 The Water
2.2.1 Hydrology/Hydrosampling map
2.2.1.1 Change in drainage morphology/inducementof flooding/Reduction in stream

volumetric flow
There are no streamflow discharge measurement data because there are no published records of any
flow measurements made by the government agencies in the river. However, water quality is being
monitored by SCC for Tagbac River.
2.2.1.2 Change in stream, lake water depth

Based on the 1997 Groundwater Availability Map of the Philippines, the Project Site falls under local
and less productive aquifers which is shown in Figure 2.1-2. This classification is attributed to the low
level wells in the area. The classification is attributed to the scarcity of productive wells in the area.
2.2.1.3 Depletion of water resources/ Competition in water use

There will be no water resource competition that will be brought about by the expansion project because
the water requirement can still be supplied and within the capacity of the existing deepwells within the
cement plant complex and as stated by the community during the household perception surveyin June
2017, the primary source of water of the community is Manila Water or water supplied by utilities.
2.2.2 Oceanography
This module is not applicable to this Project because there is no ocean nor marine body present in and
near the project site.
2.2.3 Water Quality
2.2.3.1 Degradation of groundwater quality

To identify and assess project impact in terms of degradation of groundwater, DENR standard methods
and procedures for sampling and analysis was employed.
2.2.3.2 Degradation of surface water quality

To identify and assess project impact in terms of degradation of surface water quality, DENR standard
methods and procedures for sampling and analysis was employed.
2.2.3.3 Degradation of coastal/marine water quality

This module is not applicable to this Project because there is no ocean nor marine body present in and
near the project site.
2.2.3.4 Water Sample Collection and Analysis

Regular water quality monitoring is conducted to assess the water quality of Kaynaog and water bodies
near the quarry sites. Samples were collected in each sampling station. The collected samples were
subjected to physical, chemical, microbiological, nutrient and heavy metal analyses. Water samples
were preserved in iced boxes prior to transport to the laboratory facility for analysis. Please provide the
assessment on the performance on the water quality/quantity management (e.g. effectivity of the water
pollution control measures, qater conservation measures performance, etc.)

Table 2.2-6 Water Quality Parameters and Corresponding Methods of Analysis

Parameters Method of Analysis
pH Electrometric
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Gravimetric
Oil & Grease Petroleum Ether Extraction
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Azide Modification (Dilution Technique)
(BOD5)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 B. Modified Open reflux Dichromate
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Dissolved Oxygen Meter
Temperature Alcohol-filled Thermometer
Lead Flame AAS-EPA Method 7420
Mercury Flame AAS-EPA Method 7420
Cadmium Flame AAS-EPA Method 7130
Chromium Hexavalent Diphenylcarbazide-SM Method 3500CrB
Copper Flame AAS-EPA Method 7210
Arsenic Colorimetry- SDDC SM Method 3500
Fecal Coliform Multiple tube Fermentation – Method 9221B&E
Total Coliform Multiple tube Fermentation – Method 9221B&E
Source: DAO 34 Series of 1990, Approved Methods of Analysis
2.2.3.5 Water Quality Sampling Stations

Provided below is the sampling site map including water quality monitoring stations.

Figure 2.2.3.5.1

2.2.3.6 Water Quality Assessment
Water Sampling Result

Water sampling is regularly conducted for Kaynaog upstream and downstream. Results were assessed
against the DENR Standard prescribed under DAO 2016-08 for Class C waters which showed that test
results were in compliance with the set standards. The comparison of the results and trending of
performance is show in Annex D.
2.2.3.7 Impact Assessment and Mitigation
Degradation of Water Quality

Wastewater generated during construction and operational phase which include domestic wastewater
may enter groundwater through seepage or through freshwater bodies as surface runoff. This
wastewater may degrade water quality in these areas and may increase fecal contamination, levels of
heavy metals, turbidity and TSS. The Project provides wastewater management plan that should be in
place and should be strictly implemented. Monthly monitoring of quality of groundwater and fresh water
will be continuously be conducted. Storm runoff will be directed through the siltation pond system.
Contaminated rainwater in the maintenance area will be directed to the oil and water separator before
discharged to the drainage system. Regular inspection and maintenance of the siltation ponds will be
conducted to avoid leakage, which can pollute the drainage and waters.
Provided below are the figures showing the siltation ponds in Pantay Quarry and Pamias II.



2.2.4 Freshwater Ecology

The major freshwater bodies that could support significant freshwater communities/populations is the
Tagbac River which is traversing the project site. The estimate terrain elevation above sea level of
Tagbac River is 229 meters.There is no data about this River as checked from the River Basin
Coordinating Office (RBCO) and the LGU of the City of Antipolo. Though such is the case, the water
quality of this River is being regularly monitored by Solid Cement Corporation in the Kaynaog
downstream. Rizal Governor Nini during the celebration of the Philippine Environment Month by Solid
Cement Corporation through their “Adopt a River Program” held recently at their plant was elated by the
support manifested by Solid Cement for her Oplan BUSILAK (BUhayin Sapa, Ilog, Lawa At Karagatan
by adopting Tagbac River which was formalized through a MOA.
Sampling site map is provided in Figure 2.2.3.5.1.
Provided below is the geographical cooridnates of Tagbac River:

Latitude 14.5778 Longitude 121.1908 Altitude (feet) 830
Lat (DMS) 14° 34' 40N Long (DMS) 121° 11' 27E Altitude (meters) 252
Time zone (est) Asia/Manila
Approximate population for 7 km radius from this point: 716767
Figure 2.2.3.5.1a: Tagbac River
2.2.4.1 Threat to existence and/or loss of local species of important habitat

There is no threat to existence and/or loss of local species of important habitat because SCC is not
extracting water from Tagbac River. SCC also ptotects and maintains Tagbac River through the Adopt
a River Program with DENR-EMB Region 4A.

2.2.4.2 Threat to abundance, frequency and distribution of species

Same as above, there is no threat to existence and/or loss of local species of important habitat because
Tagbac River is being protected principally by Solid Cement.
2.2.4.3 Mitigation Measures
Prevention of Siltation and Sedimentation

The main strategy to curtail potential sediment and silt waste streams from spilling over to the river
waters is to contain erosion at source and entrap fugitive sediments in project waterways and drainage
system by installing a series of filters and settling ponds. During construction, silt curtains or geo-textile
materials will be installed in strategic points to filter sediments and substantially reduce suspended
sediment in waters released to the river channel. In construction sites and earthworks the sediment
prevention will be reinforced by the construction of entrapment screens in the waterways and drainage
canals that divert waste streams into settling ponds.
Periodic monitoring of total suspended solids (TSS) will be undertaken.
Curtailment of Domestic Wastewater Pollution

The use of 3-chambered septic tanks shall be installed in all project facilities where wastewaters and
other effluents are generated. Waste minimization will be practiced in all aspects of project operation.
The objective is to ensure that pollution-causing effluents that can be potentially carried downstream
are treated at the source.
Prevention of Oil and Grease Spill

Clean practices in oil and fuel dispersal will be strictly enforced in the fuel dispensing facilities. Fuel and
oil-based residues will be collected and disposed of properly. An oil and grease containment and fuel
waste contingency plan will be formulated and enforced in all aspects of project operations.
Potential Impacts Arising from Climate Change Scenarios

Climate change projections of the PAGASA indicate that mean temperatures in all areas in the
Philippines are expected to rise by 0.9 °C to 1.1 °C in 2020 and by 1.8 °C to 2.2 °C in 2050, with the
largest seasonal temperature increase anticipated to occur during the summer (MAM) season
(PAGASA, 2011). As a parallel project strategy that aims to contribute to the overall national effort for
mitigation of climate change impacts through establishment of carbon sinks, the Project will support
reforestation and re-greening of open areas and development and implementation of a Reforestation
and Carbon Sink Program.

Project Site
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau; Geology and Mineral Resources of the Philippines, Vol 1.
Figure 2.1.2: Groundwater Availability Map

Climate Change Projections for 202 and 2050

The climate change scenario for the Philippines published by PAGASA in February 2011 indicated that
the Province of Rizal will have an increase and decrease in rainfall and an increase in mean temperature.
The projected seasonal temperature increase and seasonal rainfall change events in 2020 and 2050
under the medium-range emission scenario in Rizal Province are presented in Tables 2.3-4 & 2.3-5,
respectively.
Table 2.3-4 Seasonal Temperature increase (in °C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium range emission
scenario in Rizal Province
Observed Baseline (1971-2000) Change in 2020 (2006-2035) Change in 2050 (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
25.4 27.9 27.6 26.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9
Source: Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011 PAGASA
Table 2.3-5 Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium range emission scenario
in Rizal Province
Observed Baseline (1971-2000) Change in 2020 (2006-2035) Change in 2050 (2036-2065)
262.4 241.5 1001.3 821.8 -13.1 -30.7 12.4 -0.9 -11.5 -39.8 24.8 -0.8
Temperature Change
The historic average annual ambient air temperature is 26.8°C at PAGASA Tanay Synoptic Station. The
data indicates an increase in average temperatures. On a daily time-step, temperatures can vary by 5
to 8°C on average during a day, peaking above 30s and dropping to the low 20s overnight.
Table 2.3-6 shows the monthly average temperature without climate change and Table 2.3-7 is the
calculated monthly average temperature with climate change (2006-2035) while Table 2.3-8 with climate
change (2036-2065).
Table 2.3-6 Monthly Average Temperature without Climate Change

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max 24.2 24.9 26.4 28.2 28.3 27.4 26.4 25.8 26.2 26.2 25.6 24.3
Min 18.6 18.8 19.4 20.5 21 21.1 20.7 20.5 20.4 20.4 19.9 19.1
Ave 21.4 21.9 22.9 24.4 24.7 24.3 23.6 23.2 23.3 23.3 22.8 21.7
Source: PAGASA Tanay Synoptic Station
Table 2.3-7 Monthly Average Temperature with Climate Change (2006-2035)

Max 25.1 25.8 27.5 29.3 29.4 28.3 27.3 26.7 27.2 27.2 26.6 25.2
Min 19.5 19.7 20.5 21.6 22.1 22.0 21.6 21.4 21.4 21.4 20.9 20.0
Ave 22.3 22.8 24.0 25.5 25.8 25.2 24.5 24.1 24.3 24.3 23.8 22.6
Note: Calculated based in the PAGASA Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011

Max 26.1 26.8 28.5 30.3 30.4 29.2 28.2 27.6 28.1 28.1 27.5 26.2
Min 20.5 20.7 21.5 22.6 23.1 22.9 22.5 22.3 22.3 22.3 21.8 21.0
Ave 23.3 23.8 25.0 26.5 26.8 26.1 25.4 25.0 25.2 25.2 24.7 23.6
With climate change, it is projected that average daily ambient temperature over the period 2006–2035
will increase by 0.9°C to 1.1°C while temperature period 2036-2065 will increase by 1.8°C to 2.1°C as
shown in Table 2.3-4. The Figures 2.3-6 & 2.3-7 below shows the graph of computed average
temperature (Tave) with climate change (Tave CC) and without climate change (Tave base).

Computed Change in Average Ambient Temperature with and without

Climate Change (2006-2035)
32
30
28
Average Temperature (°C)
26
24
22
20
18
16
Average Calendar Year

Tmax(base) Tmin(base) Tave(base) Tmax(CC) Tmin(CC) Tave(CC)
Figure 2.3-6 Graph of Computed Change in Temperature (2006-2035)
Computed Change in Ambient Average Temperature with and without

32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
While climate change is a global phenomenon, intensity varies on spatial temporal basis and specific
areas should tailor their own catchment management approaches and policies to cushion water
resources and energy sector from the effect of climatic events like precipitation, temperature variation
and evaporation rates.

Rainfall Change
Table 2.3-9 shows the monthly average rainfall without climate change and Table 2.3-10 is the
calculated monthly average rainfall with climate change (2006-2035) while Table 2.3-11 with
climate change (2036-2065).
Table 2.3-9 Monthly Average Rainfall without Climate Change (1980-2010)

482.
Ave 70.7 63.0 59.0 50.6 196.3 257.6 534.2 474.1 276.5 264.8 202.3
8
Table 2.3-10 Monthly Average Rainfall with Climate Change (2006-2035)

Ave 61.4 54.7 40.9 35.1 136.0 289.5 600.4 532.9 478.5 274.0 262.4 175.8
Note: Calculated based on the PAGASA Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011

Ave 62.6 55.8 35.5 30.5 118.2 321.5 666.7 591.7 478.9 274.3 262.7 179.0
With climate change, the projected average rainfall over the period 2006–2035 will decrease by 0.9-
30.7% from the months of December to May, however, a significant increase of 12.4% from July to
August will occur on the rainy season. The projected rainfall for period 2036-2065 will have a
decrease by 0.8-39.8% from December to May and a significant increase of 24.8% will occur during
the rainy period of July to August. Figure 2.3-8 shows the graph of computed average rainfall with
and without climate change.
Computed Change in Rainfall with and without Climate Change

800
700
600
Rainfall (mm)
500
400
300
200
100
0
W/O CC (Base) W/ CC (2006-2035) W/ CC (2036-2065)
Figure 2.3-8 Computed Average Rainfall with and Without Climate Change

2.3 The Air
2.3.1 Climate and Meteorology
2.3.1.1 Climate Type

The climate at the proposed Project site falls under Type I Climate category based on the Modified
Coronas Classification of Philippine Climate (Figure 2.3-1). Seasons for Type I climate marked by two
distinct seasons- dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Wind coming from the
Pacific Ocean is generally blocked by the Sierra Madre Mountain Range several kilometres east of the
city.
Project Site
Source: PAGASA
Figure 2.3-1 Philippine Climate Map

2.3.1.2 Wind Regime

The Tanay PAGASA Synoptic Station located in Barangay Sampaloc, Tanay Rizal is the nearest
meteorological station in the proposed Project site. The geographical position of the surface synoptic
station is 121°22’09.30”E and 14°34’53.22”N.
The windrose plot as shown in the figure below shows that winds prevailing from northeast comprises
of about 19.5% followed by east comprises of about 17%, a significant event produce northwest, north-
northeast, and east-northeast comprises of about 36% over the site. Of all hourly wind direction with an
average wind speed of 4.33 meter per seconds, few winds exceed 11 meter per seconds and winds
less than 2 meter per seconds occur from all directions. Calm conditions were observed 0.00% of the
time. Strongest winds come from north-northeast, northeast, east-northeast, and east occupying 1 % of
the time. Windrose diagram is presented in Figure 2.3-2.
Figure 2.3-2: Windrose Diagram for Tanay Synoptic Station
The tropical condition can be attributed to the location of the project which is between 13 to 14 degrees
north of equator. The monsoonal condition, on the other hand, refers to two seasonal wind regimes, the
northeasterly winds and the southwesterly winds. From November to May the wind blows on a
northeasterly direction with an average wind velocity of 3.08 meters per seconds. From June to October
the southwesterly winds prevail with an average wind velocity of 1.96 meters per seconds.
The majority of wind speed of Tanay Synoptic Station occupying 40.1% of the total wind as shown in
Figure 2.3-3 is 3.6 to 5.7 meters per second.

Figure 2.3-3 Wind Class Frequency Distributions
2.3.1.3 Rainfall
The project area receives an annual mean rainfall of 2931.9 mm as described in the nearest PAGASA
meteorological station which is the Tanay Synoptic Station. The said synoptic station is located 28 km
northwest of the project site. Table below shows the rainfall data of the station collected from 1999-
2012. April is the driest month with 50.6 mm monthly rainfall with six (6) rainy days while July is the
wettest month with an average monthly rainfall of 534.2 mm.
The typhoon season normally occurs between May and November and usually coincides with the onset
of the southwest monsoon rains. This situation brings excessive amounts of rainfall that causes
extensive flooding in the low lying area. From 1948 to 1978, out of 325 typhoons that crossed the
country, twenty (20) of these passed approximately within the Quezon Province. Compiled records of
past flooding obtained from DPWH and PAGASA between 1964 and 1990 indicated that at least twelve
(12) typhoons caused flooding in conjunction with the SW monsoon rains.
Table 2.3-1: Amount of Rainfall and Number of Rainy Days from Tanay Synoptic Station fr 1999-2012
Rainfall
Month
Amount (mm) No. of Rainy Days
January 70.7 10
February 63.0 9
March 59.0 8
April 50.6 6
May 196.3 14
June 257.6 18
July 534.2 22
August 474.1 23
September 482.8 21
October 276.5 18
November 264.8 18
December 202.3 16
Annual 2931.9 183
Source: PAGASA
2.3.1.4 Relative Humidity

Relative humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air, expressed as a percentage of the
maximum amount that the air could hot at a given time. The mean annual relative humidity recorded at
the Tanay Synoptic Station is 89% with seasonal variation (i.e. mean monthly relative humidity range of
85 to 93% from the period 1999-2012 data). Factors affecting humidity are changes in temperature and
atmospheric circulation. The air is said to be saturated when it contains the maximum amount of water
vapour possible at a given temperature. When the temperature of the air falls below the dew point, some
of the water vapour contained in the air condenses, clouds form, and precipitation can result in the form
of rain.

2.3.1.5 Temperature
The annual average temperature is 23.1°C with January being the coldest month at an average of
21.4°C and May is the warmest with an average of 24.7°C.
The highest and lowest temperatures occur in the months of April to June and December to February,
respectively. The annual maximum and minimum temperatures range from 24.4-24.3°C and 21.7-
21.9°C, respectively.
Table 2.3-2 Climatological Average Values Recorded at Tanay Synoptic Station from 1999-2012
AVERAGE VALUES
Station Name : TANAY, RIZAL Latitude : 14 o34'53.22'' N

Period : 1999-2012 Longtitude: 121 o22'09.30''E
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
Rainfall Temperature Wind No. Days w/
Month Amount No. Max Min Mean Dry Wet Dew Vapor Rel. MSLP DIR SPD Cloud TSTM LTNG
of Bulb Bulb Pt. P re s s u re Hum. A m o unt
(mm) RD (o C) (o C) ( o C) (o C) (o C) ( o C) (mbs) % (mbs) (16 pt) (mps) (okta)
JAN 70.7 10 24.2 18.6 21.4 21.0 19.7 19.1 22.3 89 1013.0 NE 4 5 0 1
FEB 63.0 9 24.9 18.8 21.9 21.3 20.0 19.4 22.6 89 1012.7 NE 4 5 1 1
MAR 59.0 8 26.4 19.4 22.9 22.3 20.7 20.0 23.6 87 1011.9 NE 3 5 2 2
APR 50.6 6 28.2 20.5 24.4 23.8 21.9 21.1 25.1 85 1010.8 NE 3 4 4 7
MAY 196.3 14 28.3 21.0 24.7 24.2 22.6 22.0 26.5 87 1008.8 W 3 6 15 15
JUN 257.6 18 27.4 21.1 24.3 23.8 22.6 22.1 26.7 90 1008.6 W 3 6 17 16
JUL 534.2 22 26.4 20.7 23.6 23.1 22.1 21.7 26.1 92 1007.9 W 3 6 15 13
AUG 474.1 23 25.8 20.5 23.2 22.9 22.1 21.8 26.1 93 1007.8 W 3 7 14 9
SEP 482.8 21 26.2 20.4 23.3 23.0 22.1 21.8 26.1 92 1008.3 W 3 7 14 13
OCT 276.5 18 26.2 20.4 23.3 22.9 21.8 21.4 25.4 91 1009.5 NE 3 6 10 13
NOV 264.8 18 25.6 19.9 22.8 22.4 21.3 20.8 24.7 91 1010.3 NE 3 6 5 7
DEC 202.3 16 24.3 19.1 21.7 21.5 20.4 19.9 23.3 90 1011.4 NE 4 6 1 1
ANNUAL 2931.9 183 26.2 20.0 23.1 22.7 21.4 20.9 24.9 89 1010.1 NE 3 6 98 98
Source: PAGASA
Climatological extreme values are from the 14-year monthly and annual summaries of temperature,
rainfall, and wind speed in Table 2.3-3. The recorded annual extreme high and low temperature is
33.0°C and 13°C, respectively. The amount of extreme greatest rainfall is 331.8 mm while the extreme
highest wind is 42 m/s.

Table 2.3-3 Climatological Extreme Recorded at Tanay Synoptic Station as of 2013

CLIMATOLOGICAL EXTREMES
STATION: TANAY, RIZAL LATITUDE : 14 o34'53.22"N

YEAR: AS OF 2013 LONGITUDE : 121 o22'09.30"E
ELEVATION : 650m
GREATEST DAILY HIGHEST

TEMPERATURE ( oC) RAINFALL (MM) WIND (MPS) SEA LEVEL PRESSURES (MBS)
MONTH HIGH DATE LOW DATE AMOUNT DATE SPD DIR DATE HIGH DATE LOW DATE
JAN 28.1 01-28-2003 14.8 01-22-2003 61.3 01-12-2008 22 NNE 01-31-2011 1020.1 01-21-2005 1005.4 01-19-2006
FEB 29.5 02-11-2011 13.0 02-02-2007 79.8 02-22-2013 18 E 02-16-2013 1018.7 02-08-2005 1005.4 02-01-2001
MAR 31.0 03-28-2006 13.0 03-27-2012 52.8 03-01-2011 18 NNE 03-07-2004 1020.5 03-07-2005 1004.7 03-21-2004
APR 32.5 04-25-2013 16.0 04-24-2012 98.8 04-25-2009 16 E 04-13-2010 1016.1 04-05-2005 1005.2 04-21-2001
MAY 33.0 05-26-2010 15.5 05-22-2012 146.5 05-07-2009 17 NW 05-08-2011 1016.3 05-15-2011 1003.2 05-11-2008
JUNE 31.0 06-08-2010 15.0 06-13-2012 169.1 06-21-2008 25 SW 06-30-2004 1013.2 06-21-2001 994.9 06-21-2008
JULY 30.8 07-01-2002 16.0 07-13-2007 204.2 07-05-2000 42 NNE 07-13-2010 1012.9 07-10-2005 993.8 07-04-2001
AUG 29.5 08-14-2003 13.5 08-06-2005 206.2 08-07-2007 22 W 08-25-2002 1014.3 08-15-2011 998.6 08-17-2001
SEP 29.5 09-01-2008 15.0 09-15-2005 331.8 09-26-2009 27 WNW 09-26-2011 1015.5 09-18-2005 994.1 09-26-2011
OCT 30.1 10-07-2003 15.0 10-01-2006 204.6 10-28-2000 30 E 10-30-2009 1015.7 10-10-2011 916.5 10-28-2000
NOV 29.0 11-03-2003 15.0 11-13-2005 163.2 11-02-2000 30 N 11-02-2000 1017.4 11-28-2002 991.1 11-02-2000
15.0 11-18-2005
DEC 28.5 12-07-2012 13.5 12-09-2005 145.6 12-02-2004 20 W 12-02-2004 1017.9 12-13-2002 994.1 12-02-2004
ANNUAL 33.0 05-26-2010 13.0 02-02-2007 331.8 09-26-2009 42 NNE 07-13-2010 1020.5 03-07-2005 916.5 10-28-2000
13.0 03-27-2012
Period of
Record 2000-2013 2000-2013 2000-2013 2000-2013
Source: PAGASA
2.3.1.6 Cyclone Frequency

The most number of cyclones occur during the months of June to December. These tropical
cyclones are associated with the occurrence of low pressures areas (LPA) normally originating
over the North Western Pacific Ocean side of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and
generally moving northwestward. Tropical cyclones also originate in the South China Sea or
at the western part of the country, having unusual motions, and quite rare with 52 occurrences
in fifty (50) years (Perez, 2001). PAGASA categorized these cyclones as tropical depressions
(TD), with wind speeds up to 63 kph; tropical storm (TS) with wind speeds from 64-117 kph,
and tropical typhoon (TY), with wind speeds over 117 kph.
From 1948-2013 (period of 66 years) PAGASA determined an annual average of 20 tropical

cyclones in the PAR with nine of these passing through the Philippine landmasses. Overall,
PAGASA had tracked 137 tropical cyclones that crossed in the Province of Rizal up to 100 km
boundary which is shown in Figure 2.3-4. However, the project site is under the medium
typhoon risk area as shown in Figure 2.3-5.

Figure 2.3-4: Track of Tropical Cyclones

Project Site
Project Site
Figure 2.3-5 Philippine Typhoon Map

2.3.2 Impact Assessment and Mitigation
2.3.2.1 Change in the Local Micro-Climate
Climate Change Projections for 202 and 2050

The climate change scenario for the Philippines published by PAGASA in February 2011
indicated that the Province of Rizal will have an increase and decrease in rainfall and an
increase in mean temperature. The projected seasonal temperature increase and seasonal
rainfall change events in 2020 and 2050 under the medium-range emission scenario in Rizal
Province are presented in Tables 2.3-4 & 2.3-5, respectively.
Table 2.3-4 Seasonal Temperature increase (in °C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium range
emission scenario in Rizal Province
Observed Baseline (1971- Change in 2020 (2006- Change in 2050 (2036-
2000) 2035) 2065)
25.4 27.9 27.6 26.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9
Table 2.3-5 Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium range emission
scenario in Rizal Province
Observed Baseline (1971- Change in 2020 (2006-2035) Change in 2050 (2036-2065)
2000)
262.4 241.5 1001.3 821.8 -13.1 -30.7 12.4 -0.9 -11.5 -39.8 24.8 -0.8
Temperature Change
The historic average annual ambient air temperature is 26.8°C at PAGASA Tanay Synoptic
Station. The data indicates an increase in average temperatures. On a daily time-step,
temperatures can vary by 5 to 8°C on average during a day, peaking above 30s and dropping
to the low 20s overnight.
Table 2.3-6 shows the monthly average temperature without climate change and Table 2.3-7
is the calculated monthly average temperature with climate change (2006-2035) while Table
2.3-8 with climate change (2036-2065).
Table 2.3-6 Monthly Average Temperature without Climate Change

Max 24.2 24.9 26.4 28.2 28.3 27.4 26.4 25.8 26.2 26.2 25.6 24.3
Min 18.6 18.8 19.4 20.5 21 21.1 20.7 20.5 20.4 20.4 19.9 19.1
Ave 21.4 21.9 22.9 24.4 24.7 24.3 23.6 23.2 23.3 23.3 22.8 21.7

Max 25.1 25.8 27.5 29.3 29.4 28.3 27.3 26.7 27.2 27.2 26.6 25.2
Min 19.5 19.7 20.5 21.6 22.1 22.0 21.6 21.4 21.4 21.4 20.9 20.0
Ave 22.3 22.8 24.0 25.5 25.8 25.2 24.5 24.1 24.3 24.3 23.8 22.6

Max 26.1 26.8 28.5 30.3 30.4 29.2 28.2 27.6 28.1 28.1 27.5 26.2
Min 20.5 20.7 21.5 22.6 23.1 22.9 22.5 22.3 22.3 22.3 21.8 21.0

Ave 23.3 23.8 25.0 26.5 26.8 26.1 25.4 25.0 25.2 25.2 24.7 23.6
With climate change, it is projected that average daily ambient temperature over the period
2006–2035 will increase by 0.9°C to 1.1°C while temperature period 2036-2065 will increase
by 1.8°C to 2.1°C as shown in Table 2.3-4. The Figures 2.3-6 & 2.3-7 below shows the graph
of computed average temperature (Tave) with climate change (Tave CC) and without climate
change (Tave base).
Computed Change in Average Ambient Temperature with and without

32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
Average Calendar Year

Computed Change in Ambient Average Temperature with and without

32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16

While climate change is a global phenomenon, intensity varies on spatial temporal basis and
specific areas should tailor their own catchment management approaches and policies to
cushion water resources and energy sector from the effect of climatic events like precipitation,
temperature variation and evaporation rates.
Rainfall Change
Table 2.3-9 shows the monthly average rainfall without climate change and Table 2.3-10 is the
calculated monthly average rainfall with climate change (2006-2035) while Table 2.3-11 with
climate change (2036-2065).
Table 2.3-9 Monthly Average Rainfall without Climate Change (1980-2010)

482.
Ave 70.7 63.0 59.0 50.6 196.3 257.6 534.2 474.1 276.5 264.8 202.3
8

Ave 61.4 54.7 40.9 35.1 136.0 289.5 600.4 532.9 478.5 274.0 262.4 175.8

Ave 62.6 55.8 35.5 30.5 118.2 321.5 666.7 591.7 478.9 274.3 262.7 179.0
With climate change, the projected average rainfall over the period 2006–2035 will decrease
by 0.9-30.7% from the months of December to May, however, a significant increase of 12.4%
from July to August will occur on the rainy season. The projected rainfall for period 2036-2065
will have a decrease by 0.8-39.8% from December to May and a significant increase of 24.8%
will occur during the rainy period of July to August. Figure 2.3-8 shows the graph of computed
average rainfall with and without climate change.
Computed Change in Rainfall with and without Climate Change

800
700
600
Rainfall (mm)
500
400
300
200
100
0
W/O CC (Base) W/ CC (2006-2035) W/ CC (2036-2065)
Figure 2.3-8 Computed Average Rainfall with and Without Climate Change

2.3.2.2 Contribution in Terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (or GHG Mitigation

Potential)
Cement is an important construction ingredient around the world, and as a result, cement
production is a significant source of global carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, making up
approximately 2.4 percent of global CO2 emissions from industrial and energy sources (Marland
et al., 1989). Cement is produced in large, capital intensive production plants generally located
near limestone quarries or other raw carbonate mineral sources as these sources are the
principal raw materials used in the cement production process. Because the production plants
are expensive, the number of plants in a country is generally limited (less than 100). Carbon
dioxide is emitted as a by-product of clinker production, an intermediate product in cement
manufacture, in which calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is calcinated and converted to lime (CaO),
the primary component of cement.
Carbon dioxide is released during the production of clinker, a component of cement, in which
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated in a rotary kiln to induce a series of complex chemical
reactions (IPCC Guidelines). Specifically, CO2 is released as a by-product during calcination,
which occurs in the upper, cooler end of the kiln, or a precalciner, at temperatures of 600-
900°C, and results in the conversion of carbonates to oxides.
The IPCC Guidelines provide a general approach to estimate CO 2 emissions from clinker
production, in which the amount of clinker produced is multiplied by an emission factor. Thus
the basic equation to estimate CO2 emissions from clinker production is:
Equation 1:
CO2 emissions from Clinker = Activity/Production Data x CKD Correction Factor
Where: CKD=Clinker Kiln Dust
The clinker emission factor is the product of the fraction of lime in the clinker multiplied by the
ratio of the mass of CO2 released per unit of lime. The IPCC Guidelines recommends two
possible methods for calculating the emission factor. The Tier 1 method uses the IPCC default
value for the fraction of lime in clinker, which is 64.6 percent. This results in an emission factor
of 0.507 tons of CO2/ton of clinker, as illustrated below:
Equation 2:
EF clinker = 0.646 x 0.785

= 0.507
The Tier 2 method is to calculate the average lime concentration in clinker by collecting data
on clinker production and lime fraction by type. The difference between the default value and a
value based on collected data is expected to be small.
Table 2.3-12 shows the summary of the GHG emissions from the existing and proposed
cement manufacturing plant of Solid Cement.
Table 2.3-12 Summary of GHG Emissions of the Existing and Proposed Project
Clinker CO2
IPCC Emission Factor
Emission Sources Production Rate Emission
(tons of CO2/ton of Clinker)
(MT/year) (MT/year)
Clinker (Existing) 2,000,000 0.507 1,014,000
Clinker (Proposed) 2,000,000 0.507 1,014,000
Total CO2 emissions 2,028,000

The total overall estimated CO2 emission based on IPCC 2006 is 2 million metric tons per year.
The Philippines Initial National Communication (INC) on Climate Change has projected
122,344 Gg of CO2 for 2008. Using these projections of INC, the Project operation is expected
to contribute an approximately 1.6576% of the total CO 2 emission. In the global levels projection
of CO2 emission for 2020 under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
Sectoral Trend in Global Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Climate Protection
Division, Office of Air and Radiation, the estimated contribution of the Project globally is
0.0278%. When such a comparison is made, this total emerges as a small contribution to the
total global anthropogenic CO2 load. If this total is a measure of responsibility for global
warming, on an absolute magnitude, the Project can still be considered to be on the low-end
greenhouse gas emitters in the world.
Table 2.3-13 INC/SNC Data

Year Gg CO2/yr GHG %
Global Levela
2000 6,118,000 0.0331
2010 7,936,000 0.0256
2020 9,042,000 0.0224
Energy Sector
SNC
2000 69,667 2.9110
2020 100,402 2.0199
INC
2008 (Projected) 122,344 1.6576
Note: a – Sectoral Trend in Global Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions,
Climate Protection Division, Office of Air and Radiation, US EPA, 2006
INC – Initial National Communication on Climate Change
SNC – Second National Communication on Climate Change
2.3.3 Air Quality and Noise
2.3.3.1 Ambient Air Quality
Baseline Environmental Condition

Solid Cement established three (3) ambient air quality monitoring station. The monitoring
stations are also used to monitor noise level. The establishment of the air quality and noise
level monitoring stations are part of the compliance plan based on the issued ECC. The
collected ambient air and noise data generated from the said stations are used to represent the
baseline data of the Proposed Expansion Project. Station identification and geographical
location are presented in Table 2.3-14, while Figure 2.3-9 shows the location of the stations.
Table 2.3-14 Station Identification for Ambient Air Quality& Noise Monitoring
Station ID Geographical Air Quality Parameter

Coordinates
14°35'8.05"N TSP, SO2, NO2, and
STN-1 Day Care Center Noise Measurement
121°12'22.64"E
14°35'25.12"N TSP, SO2, NO2, and
STN-2 Nursery School Noise Measurement
121°12'21.60"E
14°35'0.97"N TSP, SO2, NO2, and
STN-3 J.S. Cabarrus Elementary School Noise Measurement
121°12'35.14"E
Source: Solid Cement Compliance Monitoring Report, 2013-2014

STN-2
Solid Cement Plant Site
STN-1
STN-3
Figure 2.3-9: Graphical Location of Ambient Air Quality & Noise Monitoring Stations

A summary of the results from the established air quality monitoring stations are presented in
Tables 2.3-15 to 2.3-17. Results are included in the submitted Compliance Monitoring Report
(CMR) covering the period of 2013-2014. Attached in Appendix A is the full CMR report.
The results show that concentrations of NO 2, and SO2 are below the CAA limit of 340 µg/Ncm
and 260 µg/Ncm, respectively in all stations collected on August 2, 2013; June 5, 2013; August
12, 2013; November 19, 2013; February 17, 2014; and May 23, 2014. However, the TSP
concentrations at stations in Day Care Center and Nursery School collected on November 19,
2013 and February 14, 2014 are failed to meet the CAA limit of 300µg/Ncm for TSP, 200µg/Ncm
for PM10, 260µg/Ncm for NO2, and 340µg/Ncm for SO2, respectively.
Table 2.3-15 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Result for 2013-2014 Monitoring Period
Stations/Sampling Date April 2, June 5, August Nov. 19, Feb. 17, May 23,
2013 2013 12, 2013 2013 2014 2014
Day Care Center
0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.8
Nursery School 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.5 3.3 154.3
J.S. Cabarrus Elementary
1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 9.8
School
CAA Limit 340 µg/Ncm
Source: Submitted Compliance Monitoring Report, 2013-2014
Table 2.3-16 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Result for 2013-2014 Monitoring Period
2013 2013 12, 2013 2013 2014 2014
Day Care Center
9.7 0.4 12.9 3.5 6.6 8.4
Nursery School 16.7 9.8 9.1 5.4 3.3 7.9
13 3.5 6.6 3.5 3 5.5
School
Table 2.3-17 TSP Result for 2012 Monitoring Period

2013 2013 12, 2013 2013 2014 2014
Day Care Center
3.5 135.9 59.8 1144.9 82.8 74.3
Nursery School 79.2 171.5 99.9 338 307.2 203.3
3.5 119.2 28.5 1.7 73.6 91.4
School
Provided below are graphs of the air quality performance of the plant.

Figure 2.3.9-1: Measurements results in Kiln Dryer (2010)

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 1000 500
Kiln dryer VRM ON 18.9 0 328 384
Kiln dryer VRM OFF 244 0 455 5.6
Figure 2.3.9-2: Kiln (220 tons/hr) Emission Test Results 2011

1600
1400
1200
1000
mg/Ncm
800
600
400
200
0
Nitrogen Oxide
Particulate Matter Sulfur Oxide (SO2) Carbon Monoxide
(NO2)
Run 1 53 0 14 110
DENR Standards 150 1500 1000 500

Figure 2.3.9-3: 2012 Air Emission Result (Jan-Jun)

1600
1400
1200
mg/Ncm
1000
800
600
400
200
0
S2R1 S2R2 S2R3 S3R1 S3R2 S3R3 S1R1 S1R2 S1R3
DENR Standard Kiln Material Dryer Cooler Stack
PM 150 4.7 1.6 2.2 44.9 40.6 44.8 81.6 56.6 56.8
SO2 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NOx (NO2) 1000 61.8 52 45.4 157.3 132.3 136.4 39 43.4 35.5
CO 500 50.6 60.8 57.1 34.5 53.5 41.1 34.9 47.8 44.1
Figure 2.3.9-3: 2012 Air Emission Results (Jul-Dec)

1600
1400
1200
mg/Ncm
1000
800
600
400
200
0
S1R1 S1R2 S1R3 S2R1 S2R2 S2R3 S3R1 S3R2 S3R3
DENR Standard Kiln Material Dryer Cooler Stack
PM 150 33.1 63.5 46.3 67.6 75.6 50.3 73.3 96.8 69.5
SO2 1500 6.6 8.4 5.8 328.3 430.3 375.7 0 0 0
NOx (NO2) 1000 11 0 14.2 9.5 8 9.5 16.2 6.7 10.6
CO 500 191 222.5 213.2 234.2 220.3 249.2 121 115.4 133.7

Figure 2.3.9-4: Source Emission Monitoring Result (December 2014, Gen Set 1)
2500
2000
1500
mg/Nm3
1000
500
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 2000 500
S2R1 134.1 1441.1 566.7 247.3
S2R2 131 1646.1 242.8 256.5
S2R3 131.7 1621.4 296.6 253.1
Average 132.3 1569.5 368.7 252.3
Figure 2.3.9-5: Source Emission Monitoring Result (December 2014, Gen Set 2)
2500
2000
1500
mg/Nm3
1000
500
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 2000 500
S2R1 115.8 1805.3 426.6 219.8
S2R2 125.6 2365.2 671.1 233.6
S2R3 129.8 1807 706.8 230.2
Average 123.8 1992.5 601.5 227.9

Figure 2.3.9-6: Source Emission Monitoring Result (December 2014, Cooler Stack)
1600
1400
1200
1000
mg/Nm3
800
600
400
200
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 1000 500
S1R1 67.5 0 53.5 182.1
S1R2 88.2 0 29.2 185.5
S1R3 86.5 0 35.1 167.2
Average 80.7 0.0 39.3 178.2
Figure 2.3.9-7: Source Emission Monitoring Result (December 2014, Material Dryer)
1600
1400
1200
1000
mg/Nm3
800
600
400
200
0
PM SO2 CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 500
S4R1 29 207.5 23.4
S4R2 33.3 223.6 22.4
S4R3 39 201.3 25
Average 33.8 210.8 23.6

Figure 2.3.9-8: Ambient air result (24 hours, 2011)

250
200
150
100
50
0
TSP SO2 NO2
A24-1 83.23 0 0.58
DENR National Ambient Air Quality
Guideline Criteria Pollutants based 230 180 150
on 24 hours averaging time
Figure 2.3.9-9: 2012 Ambient Air Monitoring Results

(1 hour & 24 Hours Results)
400
350
300
ug/Ncm
250
200
150
100
50
0
A2-Cabarrus
A1-Bank A3-Brgy. San A24-1 (Bank
Elementary
House Jose Brgy. Hall House)
School
Station &
DENR DENR
Location (24
Standard (1 Standard (24
Station & Location (1 Hour Monitoring) Hour
hour hour
Monitoring
monitoring) monitoring)
Results)
TSP 300 21.8 26.1 130.8 230 98.5
SO2 340 0.8 2.4 0 180 0.02
NOx (NO2) 260 2.4 0.5 0 150 2.3

Figure 2.3.9-10: 2012 24-Hr Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

80
70
60
50
dBA
40
30
20
10
0
Morning Daytime Evening Nighttime
NPCC Standard 65 70 65 60
Station Number & Location N24-1
54 58 57 58
Bank House (24-Hours)
Figure 2.3.9-11: 2012 Daytime Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

80
70
60
50
dBA
40
30
20
10
0
N2-Cabarrus Elementary N3-Brgy. San Jose Brgy.
N1- Bank House
School Hall
NPCC Standard 70 65 70
Noise Level 53 49 54

Figure 2.3.9-12: 2013 Source Emission Monitoring Results (Jan-Jun)

1600
1400
1200
mg/Ncm
1000
800
600
400
200
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 1000 500
Kiln Apr. 3, 2013 32 115 122 263
Kiln Jun. 6, 2013 53 0 146 59
Cooler Stack Apr. 3, 2013 106 0 41 126
Cooler Stack Jun. 6, 2013 71 0 178 33
Material Dryer Apr. 3, 2013 243 393 66 104
Material Dryer Jun. 6, 2013 1394 71 58 28
Figure 2.3.9-14: 2013 Source Emission Monitoring of Powerhouse Engines

(Jan-Jun)
2500
2000
mg/Ncm
1500
1000
500
0
PM SO2 NOx (NO2) CO
DENR Standard 150 1500 2000 500
GENSET 1 Jun. 8, 2013 225 1343 1641 237
GENSET 2 Jun. 8, 2013 122 1590 1285 215
GENSET 3 Jun. 8, 2013 117 2140 1324 258

Figure 2.3.9-15: 2013 Ambient Air and Noise Level Results

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Apr. 2, 2013 Apr. 2, 2013 Jun. 5, 2013 Apr. 2, 2013
Jun. 5, 2013 Jun. 5, 2013
(1430H- (0937H- (0910H- (1100H-
(1520H1620H) (1030H-1130)
1530H) 1037H) 1010H) 1200H)
Near Cabarrus
DENR Near Daycare Center Near Nursery School
Elementary School
Standard (Station 1) (Station 2)
(Station 3)
Noise Level (dBA) 75 78 65 77 67 56 68
TSP 300 0 135.9 79.2 171.5 0 119.2
SO2 340 0.6 0.5 0 1.8 1.2 0
NOx 260 9.7 0.4 16.7 9.8 13 3.5
Figure 2.3.9-16: 2013 Ambient Air and Noise Results (Jul-Dec)

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Aug. 12, 2013Nov. 19, 2013Aug. 12, 2013Nov. 19, 2013Aug. 12, 2013Nov. 19, 2013
(1016H- (1415H- (1240H- (1135H- (1350H- (1300H-
1116H) 1515H) 1340H) 1235H) 1450H) 1400H)
Near Cabarrus
DENR Near Daycare Center Near Nursery School
Elementary School
Standard (Station 1) (Station 2)
(Station 3)
Noise Level (dBA) 75 55 64 62 65 49 63
TSP 300 59.8 1144.9 99.9 338 28.5 0
SO2 340 0 1.1 0 0 0 0
NOx 260 12.9 3.5 9.1 5.4 6.6 3.5

Figure 2.3.9-17: 2013 Source Emission Monitoring Results (Jul-Dec)

1600
1400
1200
mg/Ncm
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Aug. 10, Nov. 18, Aug. 11, Nov. 19, Sep. 14, Nov. 20,
2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013
DENR
Kiln Cooler Stack Material Dryer
Standard
PM 150 17 9 52 39 48 178
SO2 1500 0 0 0 0 247 435
NOx (NO2) 1000 222 1000 71 0 29 0
CO 500 80 81 67 79 7 26
Figure 2.3.9-18: Measured Ambient Air Concentrations 2014

600
500
400
ug/Ncm
300
200
100
0
TSP SO2 NO2 PM2.5
DENR Standard (60 Minutes) 300 340 360
A1-Sito Quarry 118.5 2.4 4.4 103
A2-Cabarrus Elementary School 13.6 35.5 6.6 0
A3-Near Nursery School 482.9 3 6.2 0
DENR Standard (24 Hours) 230 180 150 75
A24-3 Near Nursery School 326.3 0.3 2.7 54.2

Figure 2.3.9-19: Ambient Noise Result 2011

80
70
60
50
dBA
40
30
20
10
0
Noise Level Noise Level Noise Level ( Noise level
(Daytime) (Morning) Evening) (Nighttime)
N24-1 (Near Cabarrus Elem.
64 59 62 60
School)
NPPC Standard for Class C 75 70 70 65
Figure 2.3.9.20: 24-hour Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results (dBA)

70
60
50
40
dBA
30
20
10
0
Morning Daytime Evening Night time
N24-3 Near Nursery School
24 hours
Noise Level 65 54 64 65
NPCC Standard 45 50 45 40

Figure 2.3.9-21: Daytime Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results (dBA)

70
60
50
40
dBA
30
20
10
0
N2-Cabarrus Elementary
N1-Sitio Quarry N3-Near Nursery School
School
Noise Level 64 49 55
2.3.3.2.1 Construction Phase

Construction operations are significant source of dust emissions that may have a substantial
temporary impact on local air quality. This emission source category includes both residential
and non-residential construction as well as road construction. Dust emissions during the
construction of buildings or roads are associated with land clearing, drilling and blasting, ground
excavation, and cut and fill operations (i.e., earth moving). Dust emissions can vary
substantially from day to day, depending on the level of activity, the specific operations, and
the prevailing meteorological conditions. A significant amount of the dust emissions results
from construction vehicle traffic over temporary roads at construction sites.
Possible sources of air pollution from construction activities will consist of the following:
 Truck loading and unloading;
 Bulldozing;
 Dust from vehicle moving on unpaved road; and
 Site erosion.
Management and Mitigation Measures

A dust particle is a potential environmental impact during construction activities such as removal
of the surface layers of the soil. The generated dust particles will increase the concentration of
TSP and PM10 that will lead to health hazard for workers and surrounding resident at close
proximity to the project site. All construction related emissions would be temporary and vary
from day to day depending on the type of work being done.
Currently, there are five (5) ambient air quality monitoring stations established in the project
site and its vicinity to monitor and assess the air quality condition of the area. The location and
distance of each ambient air monitoring station from the project site is about 0.5-3 kilometers.
During construction, emissions of TSP & PM10 are expected to generate mainly from soil
excavation, vehicle traffic on unpaved road, bulldozing, and site erosion. The modeling result
shows that the maximum concentrations of construction dust fall at 567 m from the project site.
Therefore, the construction dust emissions of TSP & PM10 has no significant effect to the

existing ambient air station as the concentration completely disperse before reaching the
monitoring stations.
The following measures are recommended to minimize fugitive dust emission from construction
activities:
Access Road
Every main haul road (i.e. any course inside a construction site having a vehicle passing rate
of higher than four (4) in any 30 minutes should be paved with concrete, bituminous materials,
hardcores or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust
suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet; and
The portion of any road leading only to a construction site that is within 30 m of a discernible or
designated vehicle entrance or exit should be kept clear of dusty materials.
Use of Vehicle
Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle should be washed to remove any
dusty materials from its body and wheels; and
Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty materials, the load should
be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to ensure that the dusty materials do not leak
from the vehicle.
Excavation and Earth Moving

The working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be sprayed with water or
a dusty suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the operation
so as to maintain the entire surface wet; and
Exposed earth shall be properly treated by compaction, turfing, hydroseeding, vegetation

planting or sealing with latex, vinyl, bitumen, shotcrete or other suitable surface stabilizer within
6 months after the last construction activity on the construction site or part of the construction
site where the exposed earth lies.
Stockpiling of Dusty Materials

Any stockpile of dusty material should be either covered entirely by impervious sheeting; placed
in an area sheltered on the top and the three (3) sides; or sprayed with water or a dust
suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire surface wet.
2.3.3.2.2 Operation Phase

Particulate matter (PM & PM10, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon
monoxide (CO) are the primary emissions in cement manufacturing. Small quantities of volatile
organic compounds (VOC), ammonia (NH3), chlorine, and hydrogen chloride (HCl), may also
be emitted. Emissions may also include residual materials from the fuel and raw materials or
products of incomplete combustion that are considered to be hazardous. The following air
pollutants and causes of emission are described below.
The largest emission source of PM within cement plant is the pyro processing system that
includes the kiln and the clinker cooler stacks. Dust from the kiln is often collected and recycled
into the kiln. Other sources of PM in the cement industry are from quarrying and crushing,
storage area, conveyors, silos, and unloading facilities.
NOx is produced in cement manufacturing in both burning zone of the kiln and in the burning
zone of a precalcining vessel. Most of the Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) formed during the
combustion is the result of two oxidation mechanism: a) reaction of nitrogen in the combustion
of air with excess oxygen at elevated temperatures, referred to as thermal NO x, and b) oxidation
of nitrogen that is chemically bound nitrogen in the fuel, referred to as fuel NOx. The term NOx
refers to the composite of Nitric oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2). Most of external fossil
fuel combustion systems, emits about 95% of NOx is in the form of nitric oxide (NO).

Sulphur oxides (SOx) emissions are generated during oil and coal combustion from the
oxidation of sulphur contained in the fuel. The emission of SO x from conventional combustion
system is predominantly in the form of SO2. However, the alkaline nature of the cement provides
for direct absorption of SO2 into the product, thereby mitigating the quantity of SO 2 emissions.
The rate of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from combustion sources depends on the
oxidation efficiency of the fuel. By contcement plant the combustion process carefully, CO
emissions can be minimized. Thus, if a unit is operated improperly or not well maintained, the
resulting concentrations of CO (as well as organic compounds) may increase by several orders
of magnitude. Smaller boilers, heaters, and furnaces tend to emit more of these pollutants than
larger combustors. This is because smaller units usually have a higher ratio of heat transfer
surface area to flame volume than larger combustors have; this leads to reduced flame
temperature and combustion intensity and, therefore, lower combustion efficiency.
The presence of CO in the exhaust gas of combustion system results principally from
incomplete fuel combustion. Several conditions can lead to incomplete combustion, including
insufficient oxygen (O2) availability; poor fuel/air mixing; cold-wall flame quenching; reduced
combustion temperature; decreased combustion gas residence time; and load reduction (i.e.,
reduced combustion intensity). Since various combustion modifications for NO x reduction can
produce one or more of the above conditions, the possibility of increased CO emissions is a
concern for environmental, energy efficiency and operational reasons.
Greenhouse gas specifically carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced during fuel oil combustion. CO2
emissions from cement manufacturing are generated through calcining of limestone or other
calcareous material.
Air Dispersion Modeling Methodology

The Environmental Management Bureau, Memorandum Circular 2008-03 “Guidelines for Air
Dispersion Modeling” uses a tiered approach in assessing air contaminants concentrations
against the Clean Air Act (CAA of 1999) air quality guidelines and standard. The tiered
approach follows the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that includes:
 Screening-level dispersion modeling techniques conducted using worst-case input data
rather than site-specific data; and
 Refined level dispersion modeling techniques conducted using site specific meteorological
data or derived regional meteorological data.
A fundamental assumption of the tiered approach to model selection is that the simpler
modeling techniques always yielded more conservative results. It is assumed that screening
level models would always predict higher ground-level concentrations than refined modelling
techniques, and that the refined models would predict higher impacts than the ‘best-estimate’
models.
Modeling Approach for this Study

Air quality models use mathematical and numerical techniques to simulate physical and
chemical processes that affect air pollutants as they disperse and reach the atmosphere.
Several factors impact the fate and transport of pollutants in the atmosphere including
meteorological conditions, site configuration, emission release characteristics, surrounding
terrain, among others.
The model was developed to provide an easy-to-use method of obtaining pollutant

concentration estimates. For this project, the model was used to simulate the ambient
concentration of particulate matter (PM), particulate matter less than 10-microns (PM10),
sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO).
Plot Plan
The sources subject for this modeling are the 1-unit existing kiln; 3-units finish mill; 1-unit
existing coal mill; 1-unit existing EP cooler; the proposed 1-unit kiln, cooler, raw mill, proposed
1-unit finish grinding mill; proposed 1-unit coal mill; and proposed 1-unit cooler. Figure 6 is the

plot plan of the facility showing the location of the emission sources relative to various buildings.
The blue points represent the location of the point sources. The objects in green represent the
buildings near the facility. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection system is used and
the datum of the projection is World Geodetic System 1984. UTM zone is 51 for this project.
Emission Load of Each Sources

The sources subject for this modeling are the 1-unit existing kiln; 3-units finish mill; 1-unit
existing coal mill; 1-unit existing EP cooler; the proposed 1-unit kiln, cooler, raw mill; 1-unit
proposed finish grinding mill; 1-unit proposed coal mill; and 1-unit proposed cooler.
The source parameters of the stacks, such as stack height, stack inside diameter; flue gas exit
velocity and temperature and coordinates are summarized in Table 2.3-18.
The emission rates used in the modeling are from the source emission testing report prepared
by CRL Calabarquez for the existing sources which are also applied for the proposed sources
considering that the proposed sources are identical to the existing sources.

Existing Kiln
Existing Coal Mill
Existing EP Cooler
Proposed Coal Mill

Existing Finish Mill 1
Existing Finish Mill 3
Existing Finish Mill 2 Proposed Finish Grinding Mill Proposed Cooler
Proposed Kiln, Cooler, Raw Mill
Figure 2.3-10 Location of Emission Sources

Table 2.3-18: Summary of Source Parameters

Existing Existing Existing Proposed Proposed
Existing Finish Mill Finish Mill Finish Mill Existing Existing EP Kiln, Finish Proposed Proposed
Parameter Unit
Kiln Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3 Coal Mill Cooler Cooler, Raw Grinding Coal Mill Cooler
Mill Mill
Coordinates
Easting m 306756.63 306731.33 306752.06 306791.51 306807.76 306831.72 307242.95 307112.56 307219.36 307146.55
Northing m 1613646.28 1613453.84 1613445.86 1613442.21 1613615.79 1613563.92 1613378.33 1613430.36 1613462.28 1613430.91
Elevation m 79 70 68 67 71 78 55 59 58 58
Operating days/
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
hours yr
Flue gas
m/s 15.76 23.15 23.15 23.15 11.57 13.44 24.11 47.9 23.43 13.44
velocity
Flue gas exit
°C 115 100 100 100 77 200 120 100 77 200
temperature
Stack height
above the m 97.58 35 35 35 35 30.05 100 46 35 100
ground
Stack exit
m 3.25 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.5 3 3.25 2.4 1.05 3.2
diameter
Emission Strength
SO2 g/s 0.48 - - - - - 0.48 - - -
NO2 g/s 8.89 - - - - - 8.89 - - -
CO g/s 52.56 - - - - - 52.56 - - -
PM g/s 2.71 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 1.24 2.71 0.14 0.14 1.24
PM10 g/s 0.68 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.62 0.68 0.07 0.07 0.62
Source: CRL Calabarquez Source Sampling Report, August 2015

Modeling Result
Table 2.3-19 gives an overall summary of the predicted concentrations, i.e. maximum
modeled concentrations. The predicted peak 1-hour and 24-hour emissions of TSP, PM10,
SO2, NO2, and CO in all scenarios are within the CAA limit. The highest GLCs of 1-hour and
24-hour TSP and PM10 falls at 250 m south of Existing Kiln while the 1-hour SO2, NO2, and
CO falls at 270 m south of Existing Kiln. The 24-hour SO2 and NO2 falls at 640 m north of
Existing Kiln while the 24-hour CO falls at 1,226 m northwest of Existing Kiln. The highest
GLCs predicted were for total suspended particulates followed by nitrogen dioxide from the
emissions of existing and proposed sources.
Table 2.3-19 Summary of Predicted Maximum Concentration

Location of Highest Predicted
Averaging Concentration (m) Maximum CAA Limit
Parameters
Period Concentration (µg/Ncm)
X Y
(µg/Ncm)
1-hour 307156.63 1613446.28 234.08 300
TSP
24-hour 305956.63 1613846.28 26.97 230
1-hour 307156.63 1613446.28 116.87 200
PM10
24-hour 305956.63 1613846.28 13.21 150
1-hour 305756.63 1614246.28 11.11 340
SO2
24-hour 305756.63 1614046.28 2.18 180
1-hour 305756.63 1614246.28 205.72 260
NO2
24-hour 305756.63 1614246.28 40.33 150
a 1-hour 305756.63 1614246.28 1.22 35
CO
8-hour 305756.63 1614246.28 0.515 10
Note: a – mg/Ncm;
Figures below are the isophlet of each modelled parameters corresponds to its averaging
periods.

Maximum 1-hour TSP Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
NAAQGV = 300 µg/Ncm
Project Sources:
1-unit Existing Kiln; 3-

units Finish Mill; 1-
unit Coal Mill; 1-unit
EP Cooler; 1-unit
Proposed Kiln, Cooler,
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
Mill; 1-unit Coal Mill;
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-11 Isopleth of Maximum 1-hour TSP Concentration

Maximum 24-hour TSP Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-12 Isopleth of Maximum 24-hour TSP Concentration

Maximum 1-hour PM10 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-13 Isopleth of Maximum 1-hour PM10 Concentration

Maximum 24-hour PM10 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-14 Isopleth of Maximum 24-hour PM10 Concentration

Maximum 1-hour SO2 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-15 Isopleth of Maximum 1-hour SO2 Concentration

Maximum 24-hour SO2 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-16 Isopleth of Maximum 24-hour SO2 Concentration

Maximum 1-hour NO2 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-17 Isopleth of Maximum 1-hour NO2 Concentration

Maximum 24-hour NO2 Concentration

Project Site
Unit: µg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-18 Isopleth of Maximum 24-hour NO2 Concentration

Maximum 1-hour CO Concentration

Project Site
Unit: mg/Ncm
NAAQGV = 35 mg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-19 Isopleth of Maximum 1-hour CO Concentration

Maximum 8-hour CO Concentration

Project Site
Unit: mg/Ncm
NAAQGV = 10 mg/Ncm
Project Sources:

EP Cooler; 1-unit
Raw Mill; 1-unit
Finished Grinding
and 1-unit Cooler
Figure 2.3-20 Isopleth of Maximum 8-hour CO Concentration

Environmental Control Equipment

The following mitigation and control measures are presented in detail to establish the
capabilities of each equipment to lessen, control and prevent emission of criteria pollutants i.e.
particulate matter (PM), NOx (as NO2), and SOx (as SO2) into the receiving environment.
Low NOx Burner

Low NOx Burners (LNB) limit NOx formation by contcement plant the stoichiometric and
temperature profiles of the combustion process in each burner zone. The unique design of
features of an LNB may create: (i) reduced oxygen level in the combustion zone to limit fuel
NOx formation; (ii) a reduced flame temperature that limits thermal NOx formation; and/or (iii)
a reduced residence time at peak temperature which also limits thermal NOx formation.
Highly alkaline
Cement kiln systems have highly alkaline internal environments that can absorb up to 95
percent of SO2 emissions. The system itself has been determined to provide substantial SO 2
control.
Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) System

Electrostatic precipitators are widely used to trap fine particulate matter in applications where
a large amount of gas needs treatment. Particles are removed when the dirty gas stream
passes across high voltage wires, usually carrying a large negative Direct Current (DC) voltage.
The particles are electrically charged as they pass the electrodes and then migrate through the
electrostatic field to a grounded collection electrode. The collection electrode is a flat plate
surrounded by high-voltage charging wire. Rappers are provided in the collecting and discharge
electrodes for periodic rapped with small hammer-heads to loosen the collected particles from
the surface.
The ESP will have the following features: a) housing, b) discharge and collection electrodes, c)
power source, d) cleaning mechanism, and e) solids-handling system. Other features include
the gas distribution system and instrumentation. Details of each component are described as
follows:
ESP Casing/ Housing – The casing of the ESP system will be ASTM A36 compliant and will be
made from stainless steel to prevent from corroding due to concentration of sulfur dioxide in
the flue gas. The nature of the housing will be gas-tight and weatherproof and will be grounded
to ensure personnel safety. The main features include the housing proper with its shell and
insulated housing to its inlet and outlet connections, dust hopper and inspection ports.
Discharge Electrode –The discharge electrode material will be ASTM A36 compliant. It is of
cylindrical type with diameter of 0.32 and dimension of 1.8 x 0.12 cm. The shape influences the
current and voltage characteristics. The ESP will be operated with secondary voltage to limit
sparking since sparking reduces collection efficiencies as a result of an instantaneous voltage
drop and suspension of the electrostatic collection field.
Collection Electrodes – It is an important part of the EP where particulate is collected on the

grounded electrodes. The design of the collection electrodes is flat plate.
Power Source - Electrical power supplied to the EP comes from high-voltage transformer–
rectifier, which converts low-voltage AC power to high-voltage DC (normally in the negative
form). The primary voltage for the EP is 480 Volts.
Cleaning Mechanism - Rappers and liquid wash down will be the cleaning mechanisms for the
electrostatic precipitators. The frequency and intensity of cleaning requires case-by-case
design and operating flexibility. Wire–weight and rigid-frame designs are used to categorize
rappers for dry electrostatic precipitator applications. Cleaning and rapping are very important
in the overall performance of the system.

Improperly installed rappers may result in particle re-entrainment and/or sparking as a result of
particle buildup on the collection electrode. For wire–weight systems, the rapping impulses are
provided by either single-impulse or vibratory rappers, which are either electrically or
pneumatically activated. The rapper is also used to clean the discharge electrodes. Mechanical
hammer rappers are used for rigid-frame installations. Each frame is served by a hammer
driven by a low-speed motor. The rapping intensity is determined by the hammer weight, and
the frequency is controlled by the shaft rotation speed.
Ash Handling System - Dust hoppers collect the precipitated particles from a dry electrostatic
precipitator. The design of the hopper is usually inverted pyramid converged to a round square
discharge. Collected particulate will be continuously removed from the hopper.
Instrumentation – The instrumentation and control system for the EP will be of Program Logic
Control (PLC). The analogue and digital input is envisaged to the system.
Continuous Emission Monitoring System

The additional kiln stack will be provided with a complete set of CEMS with complete
accessories consisting of fully equipped air-conditioned analyzer shelter, probes, probe cooling
system, sampling pipes, analyzers, associated ordinary/ special/ optical fiber cables, micro
coprocessor based redundant control system, True Flat Television (TFT) monitor, keyboard
and printer. Portable type analyzers capable of measuring SO2, NO2, O2, CO, CO2, opacity
meter, and dew point will be installed.
All analyzers will be micro-processor based “smart” type or equivalent with HART protocol to
be integrated with the CEMS/EMS. An automatic self-calibration or remote calibration feature
will be provided and all units will have local LCD/LED displays and alarm interface. The
necessary accessories and mounting hardware will be supplied. Below are the list of the
analyzers to be installed part of the CEMS.
CO/CO2 Analyzer will be installed which will be an in-situ type probe with infrared absorption
measurement and an automatic periodic calibration facility. The accessories will consist of
calibration kit including gas cylinder, mounting flanges, gasket, nut and bolts along with
cable/conduit.
SO2 Analyzer will be a sampling type with ultraviolet fluorescence measurement principle of
operation. Auto zero and span check facility will be provided.
Chemiluminescence sampling type NOx analyzer, Auto Zero and Span check facility will be
installed.
O2 analyzer sensor with automatic periodic calibration facility will be installed. The accessories
such as calibration kit, mounting flanges, gasket, nut and bolts along with cable/conduit will be
supplied.
In-situ type with infrared absorption technique for moisture analyzer and an auto zero calibration
will be installed.
The detector equipment will continuously measure sulfuric acid dew point temperature in the
flue gas. It will be made of pyrex glass with platinum electrode which will be provided with
Automatic detector cleaning system.
Opacity/Particulate/Smoke Density –The opacity meter will be in-situ visible light type, dual
beam transmission and absorption method equipment. Trans-receiver shall be mounted on
opposite side of the duct. Mounting pad with blower units shall also be provided.

2.3.4 Noise Quality
2.3.4.1 Baseline Environmental Condition

The main sources of noise and vibration will be the equipment during construction and vehicle
operations. There will be a short term noise that will be created by the operations of the
construction equipment. This equipment may consist of earth moving machines such as,
graders, trucks, scrapers, generators and compressors.
Noise level measurement was conducted in six (6) sampling locations within the project site
and its vicinity. The measured noise level from the established stations is used to represent the
baseline data of the project. The noise monitoring station is the same as the ambient air station.
Refer to Table 2.3-16 and Figure 2.3-9 which shows the station identification and the
geographical position.
Noise Level Measurement Result

The noise level presented in Tables 2.3-20 & 2.3-21 are the median of the noise measured at
each station. Noise levels measured for all stations in 2014 failed to meet the standard during
daytime period. For 2013, Stations STN1 & STN3 were well within the maximum allowable
noise level during daytime period for the monitoring conducted in August 12, 2013. However,
for the monitoring on November 19, 2013, all stations did not meet the allowable noise limit for
daytime period. The recorded noise sources include domestic noise, videoke machine, vehicles
sound, wind, birds and motorbikes. The sound from birds, insects, animals and wind are
common noise sources in the stations.
Table 2.3-20 Noise Measurement Result for 2014

DENR Noise
Median SPL
Station Period Date Time Standard
dB(A)
dB(A)
STN1 Daytime Feb 17, 2014 1240H-1340H 65 55
STN1 Daytime May 23, 2014 0955H-1055H 59 55
Source: CMR, 2014
Table 2.3-21 Noise Measurement Result for 2013

DENR Noise
Median SPL
Station Period Date Time Standard
dB(A)
dB(A)
STN1 Daytime Aug 12, 2013 1016H-1116H 55 55
STN1 Daytime Nov 19, 2013 1415H-1515H 64 55
Source: CMR, 2013
2.3.4.2.1 Construction Phase
Quantitative Analysis
During construction phase, noise will be generated by the construction equipment and earth
moving activities. Initially, vegetation in the area is graded or cut using chainsaws and mowers.
Trucks are used to haul away material that cannot be stockpiled or disposed on-site and to
bring in necessary construction materials. Typical construction vehicles include bucket trucks,
cranes or digger derricks, backhoes, pulling machines, pole trailers, or dumpsters. Foundation

structures are constructed using a standard drill rig to bore a hole to the required depth. If water
is encountered, pumps will be used to move the water to either adjacent low land areas or to
waiting tanker trucks for proper disposal. After the construction is completed, the project area
is graded up to the desired level and cleaned up.
Concrete batching plants generate noise during mixing/rotating of concrete mixers and trucks
delivery during foundations concreting of the cement plant structures. On the other hand, the
rock crushing facility will generate noise and vibration from drilling and blasting operation.
All of these operations produce noise that may impact adjacent communities/residential areas
within the immediate vicinity of the project. However, normal work schedules usually restrict
noise producing activities to daytime hours.
The power mechanical equipment and its equivalent sound power levels are presented in Table
2.3-22. The equipment listed in the table is the typical equipment used during construction. As
a worst case scenario for this modeling, it is assumed that all equipment listed is running at the
same time during construction. The predicted noise measurement for construction activities
were determined by summing logarithmically the sound power levels. Since there is no EMB
published noise modeling guidelines and procedures, the computation used are based on
international technical guidelines and procedures.
This assessment was carried out based upon the preliminary estimates of likely construction
activities, plant selection and utilization. In the absence of reference, the noise data for
individual items of construction equipment (in terms of source Sound Power Level (PWL) was
taken from Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department’s “Technical Memorandum on
Noise from Construction Work other than Percussive Piling and Technical Memorandum of
Noise from Percussive Piling.”
An inventory of typical equipment items expected to be used during the construction phase and
their indicative sound power levels are presented below.
Table 2.3-22 Equivalent PWL of Power Mechanical Equipment during Construction Phase
Power Mechanical Equipment PWL, dB(A)
Jackhammer 104
Chipping gun 93
Air compressor 96
Bulldozer 89
Lejeune gun 89
Backhoe 86
Forklift 85
Hand hammer 85
Welding torch 84
Chopsaw 80
Truck 78
Heavy-duty bulldozer 99
Vibrating road roller 97
Crawler crane <35 ton Non-insulated cab 94
Laborers 90
Power shovel 88
Shop work 95
Rubber tired crane, <35 ton Insulated 81
cab
Truck-mounted crane 79
Tower crane 74
Dozer 102
Paver 90
Front-end loader 90

Power Mechanical Equipment PWL, dB(A)

Roller 98
Heavy equipment 90
Gravel plant 102
Crane 99
Source: Neitzel, R., N. Seixas, M. Yost, and J. Camp., 1998
The total estimated sound power level for all construction equipment is 109.8 dB(A) from
Table 2.3-22.
The modeling guidelines used is the Technical Memorandum on Noise of Hongkong

Environmental Protection Department, Noise Control Authority. Noise levels should be
summed in a pairwise fashion and the final total rounded to the nearest whole dB(A), with
values of 0.5 or more being rounded up.1
Table 2.3-23 shows the summation of noise levels. The summed noise assumed to be at the
centre of the project site.
Table 2.3-23 Summation of Noise Levels

Difference in dB(A) Between Two Noise Amount in dB(A) to Add to the Higher
Levels Being Summed Noise Level
0 to 0.5 3.0
1.0 to 1.5 2.5
2.0 to 3.0 2.0
3.5 to 4.5 1.5
5.0 to 7.0 1.0
7.5 to 12.0 0.5
More than 12.0 0
Source: Technical Memorandum on Noise, Hongkong Environmental Protection Department
The total power level takes into account assumed maximum numbers of equipment and an
assumed ‘on-time’ for the equipment, that is, period in percentage terms during which the
equipment will be operating. Construction activities are predicted to be its worst case scenario
where 24-hour operation is expected. Noise generated from blasting (if there’s any) is not
included in this modeling because blasting operation is on case to case basis only. CUSTIC
software predict a continuous operation, if blasting is included, it simulated continuously for
24- hours.
Noise Prediction
Noise prediction for construction activities in the Project was derived using CUSTIC 2.0
modeling software. CUSTIC 2.0 is capable of executing predicted noise contours showing
sound pressure as it moves away from the point source.
Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs)

Noise sensitive receptors can be defined as those locations or areas where dwelling units or
other fixed, developed sites frequent human use occur (FHWA). The description and
coordinates of the selected noise sensitive receptors is listed in Table 2.3-24 and Figure 2.3-
21 shows the location of the receptors.
Table 2.3-24 Description and Coordinates of Selected Noise Sensitive Receptors

Distance from UTM Coordinates
Station
Description/Identification the center of the Easting, Northing,
No
Project, (m) (m) (m)
NSR-1 Day Care Center 451.80 306768.51 1613250.85
1
Technical Memorandum on Noise, Hongkong Environmental Protection Department, Noise Control
Authority, January 1996

Distance from UTM Coordinates

Station
Description/Identification the center of the Easting, Northing,
No
Project, (m) (m) (m)
NSR-2 Nursery School 571.04 306741.55 1613775.60
NSR-3 J.S. Cabarrus Elementary School 402.50 307140.83 1613030.27

NSR-2
Expansion Project Site
NSR-1
Source: Google Map

NSR-3
Figure 2.3-21 Location of Noise Sensitive Receptor

Modeling Input Data

The following input data were used to execute the Noise Simulation for the Cement Plant
Expansion Project:
External source: External means a noise source placed out of a building (for example, a
vehicle engine).
Noise power (dB): This is the noise power at source position in decibels.
Ambient Data: Ambient conditions are defined by the land and atmospheric conditions in the
vicinity of the pollutant emission.
Terrain – the data will use to draw topographical lines.
Scale command – Use to set the scale in the X-axis width (in meters)
The Scale use for the model is 500 m x 500 m which is a scale view of CUSTIC 2.0. The
following assumptions were made to execute the model: the model is that
 Ambient Temperature - 25°C
 Relative Humidity – 80%
 Frequency – 500 Hz
Noise Modeling Results

Presented in Table 2.3-25 is the predicted sound pressure level at each receptor. The
modeling result shows that the allowable noise level in all NSRs are within the standard,
therefore noise emission is not expected to cause significant impacts to the surrounding
environment. The simulation is on 24-hours continuous operation. The predicted noise
contour is presented in Figure 2.3-22.
Table 2.3-25 Predicted Noise Level at Nearest Sensitive Receptor for Construction
Predicted Noise Allowable Noise Level, dB(A)
Station
Description/Identification Level (SPL), Daytime Morning/ Nighttime
No
dB(A) Evening
NSR-1 Day Care Center 41.11 55 50 45
NSR-2 Nursery School 39.51 55 50 45
NSR-3 J.S. Cabarrus Elementary School 42.05 55 50 45
Note: The allowable noise standard used is from Section 78 of PD 984

Highest Noise is 62.34 dB(A) at

the center of construction site
Figure 2.3-22 Predicted Noise Contour for Construction


The need for the following measures should be considered prior to commencement of
construction activities:
 Scheduling certain high noise emitting works to more acceptable times of day;
 Use of the most environmentally acceptable equipment which is properly maintained and
silenced;
 Use of the least intrusive method of work;
 Proper instruction and supervision of staff; and
 Acoustic screening.
The following are the noise control measures that will be applied for the protection of
employees working on site as well as the nearest sensitive receptor:
 It is advisable that electrically powered plant should be preferred, where practicable, to
mechanically powered alternatives. If mechanical powered plant will be used, it should be
fitted with suitable silencers and mufflers;
 Defective equipment/parts with abnormal noise and/or vibration will be either repaired
replaced;
 Schedule use of equipment/machines emitting high noise like pile driver during day time
operation while, minimize use during night time operation;
 All employees working on site will be provided with proper ear protectors;
 During truck transport along or beside the residential area, traffic transportation will be
limited during night operation; and
 The Contractor shall at all times comply with all current statutory environmental
legislation.
2.3.4.2.2 Operation Phase
Quantitative Analysis
The sound power level during operation was assumed to be at steady state base load and
bypass operations and will not consider following activities:
• Commissioning phase;
• Failure conditions;
• Emergency conditions; and
• Other abnormal operating conditions.
The sound power levels derived/anticipated for each equipment item identified during the
operation of the cement plant were based on the given equipment noise
data/sizes/dimensions extracted from an existing plant. The list of power mechanical
equipment during operation is presented in Table 2.3-26. However, it is advised that the
detailed design should be updated to reflect equipment data whenever the design changes.
Table 2.3-26 Equivalent PWL of Power Mechanical Equipment for Operation Phase
Power Mechanical Equipment SPL, dB(A)
Cement Mill (finish grinding mill) 105

Raw grinding mill 103
Rotary compressor 97
Shop Work 95
Maintenance 95
Plant area 92
Delivery truck parking area 88
Bucket elevator (head) 88
Packaging machine room 85
Administrative block 63
Source: Noise assessment from the existing cement plant

The total estimated sound power level for all assumed operation equipment will be 89.2
dB(A). Predicted noise will be carried out using CUSTIC 2.0 noise model.
Modeling Input Data

The following input data were used to execute the Noise Simulation for the operation of the
cement plant:
 Internal source such as boiler, turbine, ash handling, compressors or any other noise
source placed inside of a building.
 Noise power (dB): This is the noise power at source position in decibels.
 Ambient Data: Ambient conditions are defined by the land and atmospheric
conditions in the vicinity of the pollutant emission.
 Terrain – the data will use to draw topographical lines.
 Scale command – Use to set the scale in the X-axis width (in meters)
The Scale use for the model is 500 m x 500 m grid which is a scale view of CUSTIC 2.0. The
following assumptions were made to execute the model: the model is that
 Ambient Temperature - 25°C
 Relative Humidity – 80%
 Frequency – 500 Hz
Noise Modeling Results

The predicted noise levels in all sensitive receptors for the operation of the cement plant as
exhibited in Table 2.3-27 are all below the noise condition during daytime, morning/evening
and night time. Therefore, the noise contribution from the operation of the Project is not
expected to cause any significant noise impacts to the surrounding environment. The
predicted noise contours for the operation is presented in Figure 2.3-23.
Table 2.3-27 Predicted Noise Level at Nearest Sensitive Receptor for Construction Phase
Predicted Noise Allowable Noise Level, dB(A)
Station
Description/Identification Level (SPL), Daytime Morning/ Nighttime
No
dB(A) Evening
NSR-1 Day Care Center 30.91 55 50 45
NSR-2 Nursery School 26.42 55 50 45
NSR-3 J.S. Cabarrus Elementary School 22.37 55 50 45
Note: The allowable noise standard used is from Section 78 of PD 984

The Highest Noise is 41.78 dB(A)

at the center of the plant site
Figure 2.3-23 Predicted Noise Contour for Operation


The external equipment to be installed in the Cement Plant Project guarantees noise levels less than 85 dB(A)
when measured at 1.5 m while noise sources that may have higher noise level will be installed inside the
building.
The following equipment will be installed with noise reduction measures:
Pneumatic control valves will be certified by relevant International codes and standards. Control valve will
automatically return to safe/pre-determined position upon signal and/or air supply failure until the process
operating requirements or the system will dictate to stay put response. A digital positioner will be supplied in
the DCS which will be equipped with two-way HART communication capable to communicate to the Plant
Resource Manager (PRM) installed in the DCS. This ensures the general Sound Pressure Level (SPL) will not
exceed 85 dB(A) at one meter from surface of valve;
In the air compressor system, air inlet silencer and filter will be installed to the air compressors to reduce noise;
and
Air compressors and emergency diesel generators will be equipped with noise attenuation enclosures.
Defective equipment/parts with abnormal noise and/or vibration will be either repaired or replaced.
Vibration Monitoring System will be considered to be installed for various equipment such as the Induced and
Forced Draft Fans and boiler feed pumps.
4.0 PEOPLE
Impact Area
Background
Antipolo City is the second largest in Rizal Province next only to Rodriguez (formerly Montalban). Its total land
area of 38,504.44 hectares represents 29.9% of the entire land area of the Rizal Province. Currently, it is
subdivided into 16 barangays namely: San Roque, San Jose, San Isidro, de la Paz, Cupang, Mayamot,
Mambugan, Calawis, Dalig, Beverly Hills, Sta. Cruz, San Luis, Inarawan, San Juan, Bagong Nayon, and
Muntindilaw. The barangays with significant sizes are San Jose with 13,787 hectares, Calawis with 5,581
hectares, and San Juan with 2,327 hectares and Cupang with 1,568 hectares, San Juan with 2,327 hectares
and Cupang with 1,568 hectares. The direct impact area is Barangay San Jose, particularly Sitio Tagbac and
Brgy. San Luis in the City of Antipolo where the projects are located.
Demography
Provided in Table 2.4.1-2 below is the demography of Antipolo City’s barangays where Brgy. San Jose has a
population of 88,222 as of May 1, 2010 according to the Philippine Statistics Office (PSO).
Table 2.4.1-2: Population of Barangays in Antipolo
Municipality/City: CITY OF ANTIPOLO

Region REGION IV-A (CALABARZON) Code 040000000
Province RIZAL Code 045800000
Municipality/City CITY OF ANTIPOLO Code 045802000
Income Classification: 1st Class Registered Voters (2010): 315,630
Population : (as of May 1, 2010): 677,741
District: 2 LD
Barangays (Number: 16)

Population
Name Code Urban/Rural (as of May 1,
2010)
Calawis 045802001 Urban 4,252

Cupang 045802002 Urban 84,187
Dela Paz (Pob.) 045802003 Urban 61,281
Mayamot 045802004 Urban 49,073
San Isidro (Pob.) 045802007 Urban 57,446
San Jose (Pob.) 045802008 Urban 88,222
San Roque (Pob.) 045802009 Urban 52,343
Mambugan 045802010 Urban 48,247
Bagong Nayon 045802011 Urban 45,152
Beverly Hills 045802012 Urban 1,590
Dalig 045802013 Urban 45,805
Inarawan 045802014 Urban 18,026
San Juan 045802015 Urban 8,488
San Luis 045802016 Urban 48,780
Santa Cruz 045802017 Urban 55,025
Muntingdilaw 045802018 Urban 9,824
Notes:
1. Figures on registered voters are partial data from Commission on Elections (COMELEC) which may still be subject to
corrections/adjustments from their field offices
2. Figures on registered voters exclude data on absentee voters.
3. Figures on registered voters are as of January 2010.
4. PSGC Information are as of 30 September 2016.
5. Income Classification based on Department of Finance Department Order No.23-08 Effective July 29, 2008.
6. Urban/rural classification based on 2000 CPH, Report No. 4 Urban Population, National Statistics Office, June 2006.
7.Legislative District Source: Records and Statistics Division, Commission on Elections (COMELEC): As of May 2013.
8. Population (as of May 1, 2010): a) Total Population Count by Region, Province, City/Municipality and Barangay as of May 1,
2010 ; b) Population of Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) are excluded in the total population of their respective provinces but
are included in the regional total; and c) Population of barangays with boundary disputes are excluded in total population of
their respective municipalities and cities but are included in the provincial and regional total. Source: 2010 Census of
Population: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
9. Source: Philippine Statistics Authority http://psa.gov.ph/content/2010-census-population-and-housing-reveals-philippine-
population-9234-million
Antipolo's population in the 2015 census was enumerated at 776,386 inhabitants. It grew at an annual rate of
4.19 percent from the 2000 figure. Annual population growth rate has slowed relatively remains above the
annual national average of 2.04 percent. The 2007 figure is three times the population of the city in 1990. We
can say that Solid Cement’s presence in the city contributed to this increase because it employs
Indigenous Peoples and Informal Settlers

There are no IPs nor informal settlers at the project site particularly in Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City. However
there are informal settlers who are being accounted for with the LGU. Proper negotiation will be conducted if
there are settlers who will be affected by the expansion project.
Household Survey
Sample Size
Sample size used is 20% of the population of the specific sitios involved / to be affected in Brgy. San Jose
which is a total of more or less 826 respondents.
Survey methodology
The survey team was mobilized to cover the 826 respondents. The team surveyed the inner and outer
households to ensure that all possible perspectives were generated. This recognizes that households at the
center of the barangay may have different views as those in the periphery. The team interviewed the
respondents in June 2016.
The team also sought the inputs of key elected officials of the barangays including the barangay captain,
councilors and Barangay Secretary to validate the results of the survey.
Respondents were briefed regarding the purpose of the survey prior to the conduct of the actual survey. The
conduct of this survey was also disclosed during the Public Scoping conducted. The team made sure that

residents were aware that the survey is part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which aims to
complete a baseline study of the socio-economic conditions of the barangay and to understand the perception
of respondents. The EIA considers the social, cultural and economic aspects of the communities affected by
the project. The respondent’s answers will be solely for the study or EIA and will be treated as confidential.
All questions were checked for completeness prior to leaving the survey area.
Survey Questions
Questions in the survey covered the following:
Gender Intention to out-migrate Perception about the Current
Age Material component of the Environmental Conditions
Civil status dwelling unit Awareness on the Proposed
Religious affiliation House ownership Project
Educational attainment Home utilities Impacts of Proposed Power
Occupation Causes of morbidity and Project: Positive and Negative
Place of work mortality Perception and attitude towards
Number of years earning income Health services the Project
Monthly income Health facilities
Length of stay in the area Type of Toilet
Source of Drinking Water
Garbage Disposal
Perception Survey Tally Result:
Perception surveys were done last June 2016. A total of 826 respondents were randomly interviewed and
surveyed,
No. of Respondents
24 30
44 Sitio Riverside
62 44
31 Sitio Sampalucan
Sitio Gipit
179 48
Sitio Gatlabayan
50
Upper maingate
60
Galilee
254
Kabisig
SOCIO PROFILE
Demographic Characteristics
Majority (618) of the respondents are female while the remaining 208 are male.

GENDER
200
150
COUNT
100
50
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio Upper Sitio
Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampal Gatlab mainga Galilee Kabisig Buhang
Gipit Quarry Pag-asa Pantay
de ucan ayan te inan
MALE 3 10 16 9 6 4 22 66 50 17 5
FEMALE 27 34 28 22 42 46 38 188 129 45 19
14 respondents from all the sitios are farmers/farm workers, 48 are government/private employees, 79 are
laborer/skilled, 56 respondents are drivers, 135 respondents have their own livelihood, 8 are Barangay
Officials, 80 respondents answered the others choice in the survey given while the remaining 406 respondents
have no occupation.
Occupation
140
120
100
80
COUNT
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio
Sitio Sitio Upper Sitio Sitio Sitio
Samp Sitio Galile Kabisi Buha
Rivers Gatla maing Quarr Pag- Panta
aluca Gipit e g ngina
ide bayan ate y asa y
n n
Farmer/Farm worker 0 1 5 0 0 0 3 3 2 0 0
Gov't/private employee 0 1 2 7 0 0 10 16 11 1 0
Laborer/skilled 2 8 11 0 4 1 7 15 25 1 5
driver 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 23 9 10 0
Own livelihood 6 1 11 6 9 4 9 39 29 18 3
Brgy. Official 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Iba pa 0 0 1 4 5 7 3 40 12 3 5
wala 18 31 9 13 28 36 24 117 90 29 11

In terms of age, 16 respondents from all the sitios are 15-20 years old, 152 respondents are 21-30 years old,
220 respondents fall between the age range of 31-40 years old, 186 respondents are between 41-50 years
old, 157 are 51-60 years old, 71 respondents are 61-70 years old while 24 respondents are 70 years old and
above.
AGE
70
60
50
COUNT
40
30
20
10
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio Upper Sitio Sitio
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampal Gatlab mainga Galilee Kabisig Buhan Pag-
Gipit Quarry Pantay
de ucan ayan te ginan asa
15-20 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 6 7 0 0
21-30 4 8 9 6 4 15 7 57 23 13 6
31-40 10 15 13 5 7 19 15 54 48 21 13
41-50 10 9 8 12 15 8 13 58 36 12 5
51-60 5 6 10 7 12 5 11 55 33 13 0
61-70 1 3 2 1 8 2 12 17 22 3 0
70 and above 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 7 10 0 0
In terms of their monthly income, 278 respondents gain Php 1,000-5,000 per month, 192 respondents obtain
a salary of Php 5,000-10,000, 121 respondents gain monthly income of 10,000 and above while the remaining
235 respondents have no monthly income
.
MONTHLY INCOME
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Gipit Quarry Pantay
1,000-5,000 13 6 21 4 14 30 16 92 56 20 6
5,000-10,000 9 7 10 11 5 2 16 64 51 13 4
10,000 and above 8 2 3 5 4 0 12 34 40 8 5
None 0 29 10 11 25 18 16 64 32 21 9
Majority (722) of the respondents is Catholic, 13 are Protestant, 31 are Iglesia ni Cristo while 60 respondents
answered the others choice in the given survey.

RELIGION
250
200
COUNT
150
100
50
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampa Gatlab maing Galilee Kabisig Buhan Pag-
Gipit Quarry Pantay
de lucan ayan ate ginan asa
Catholic 29 40 33 27 37 50 51 213 160 60 22
Protestant 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 4 3 0 0
Islam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iglesia ni Cristo 0 1 0 0 5 0 4 16 5 0 0
Others 1 3 6 3 6 0 5 21 11 2 2
For their educational attainment, 383 respondents reached elementary level, 297 acquired high school
education, 30 obtained vocational training, 71 reached college level while 45 respondents have no educational
attainment.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
250
200
COUNT
150
100
50
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Gipit Quarry Pantay
Elementary 10 23 14 14 14 24 14 213 45 8 4
High School 16 18 23 14 24 25 38 4 86 39 10
Vocational 0 0 1 1 3 0 3 0 12 8 2
College 4 3 6 1 7 1 5 16 21 7 0
None 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 21 15 0 8
109 respondents are single, 487 are married, 65 respondents are widowed, 47 are separated while 118
respondents are living together (live-in).

Civil Status
160
140
120
100
COUNT
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampal Gatlab mainga Galilee Kabisig Buhang Pag-
Gipit Quarry Pantay
de ucan ayan te inan asa
Single 2 5 2 2 4 2 7 57 14 10 4
Married 18 29 26 23 33 23 37 134 106 48 10
Widowed 6 2 2 4 6 1 1 18 20 3 2
Separated 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 40 3 1 0
Live-in 3 8 14 2 4 24 14 5 36 0 8
Majority (553) of the respondents have 2 to 5 members in their family, 251 have 6 to 10 members in their family,
while 22 respondents have 11 to 15 members in their family.
No. of Family Members

180
160
140
120
COUNT
100
80
60
40
20
0
2 to 5 20 30 30 17 35 30 43 159 132 37 20
6 to 10 10 12 12 13 9 20 17 85 44 25 4
11 to 15 0 2 2 1 4 0 0 10 3 0 0
None 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Most (456) of the respondents have 1 member in their family that is employed, 256 respondents stated that 2
to 5 member of their family are working, 1 respondent has 6 to 10 family members that are working, 1
respondent has 11 to 15 family members that are working while 112 respondents have no employed family
member/s.

No. of Employed Family Members

160
140
120
100
COUNT
80
60
40
20
0
1 21 29 24 12 19 40 22 147 92 36 14
2 to 5 6 10 10 15 23 10 22 90 40 26 4
6 to 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
11 to 15 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
None 3 4 10 4 6 0 16 16 47 0 6
In terms of their family members’ occupation, 75 respondents answered that their working family member are
laborer/skilled, 106 respondents’ family members are helpers, 171 respondents’ family members are driver, 92
of the respondents’ family members work at the construction, 4 of the respondents’ family members are
farmers, 11 of the respondents’ family members are filers, 4 of the respondents’ family members have their
own livelihood while 283 respondents answered the others choice in the given survey but 87 of the
respondents’ family members are not employed.

Occupation of Family Members

100
90
80
70
60
COUNT
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampa Gatlab maing Galilee Kabisig Buhan Pag-
Gipit Quarry Pantay
de lucan ayan ate ginan asa
Laborer/Skilled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 37 12 5
Helper 5 6 5 1 7 9 12 36 9 15 1
Driver 10 10 7 5 15 3 6 58 35 20 2
Construction 0 4 8 0 3 24 13 24 14 2 0
None 0 0 0 0 6 14 0 24 32 0 11
Others 11 24 23 14 24 0 26 91 52 13 5
Farmers 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Carpenter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Filer 4 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Own Livelihood 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
495 respondents are legitimately from the project area while 313 respondents are not from the area.
Are they legitimately from the area?

160
140
120
100
COUNT
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Gipit Quarry Pantay
YES 26 19 42 8 33 13 41 141 127 35 10
NO 4 25 2 23 15 19 19 113 52 27 14

Health situation, Environmental awareness and Utilities

377 of the respondents acquire water from Manila water/NAWASA, 23 respondents obtain water from springs,
while 412 respondents get water from wells/deep well and 14 respondents answered the others choice in the
survey given. In terms of their comfort station/lavatory, 25 respondents have open pit comfort stations and 797
respondents have water closet (with/without flush) while 4 respondents have no comfort station/lavatories.
SOURCE OF WATER & COMFORT STATION

300
250
200
COUNT
150
100
50
0
Sitio Sitio Uppe Sitio
Samp Sitio Gatla r Galile Kabis Buha
River Quar Pag- Pant
aluca Gipit baya main e ig ngina
side ry asa ay
n n gate n
SOURCE OF WATER Manila
21 28 2 8 37 0 0 141 140 0 0
Water/NAWASA
SOURCE OF WATER Spring 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SOURCE OF WATER Balon 9 13 42 0 11 50 60 106 35 62 24
SOURCE OF WATER Others 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 0 0
COMFORT STATION/LAVATORY Open
0 0 0 0 13 11 1 0 0 0 0
pit
COMFORT STATION/LAVATORY
30 44 44 31 35 35 59 254 179 62 24
Water Closet (with/without flush)
COMFORT STATION/LAVATORY None 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
In terms of vehicles, 35 respondents own a bicycle, 226 respondents possess motorcycle, 7 respondents have
cars/owners, 5 respondents own jeepneys while 496 respondents have no vehicles.

Type of Vehicle
200
180
160
140
120
COUNT
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Gipit Quarry Pantay
Bicycle 0 1 3 0 2 1 11 6 6 4 1
Motorcycle 0 11 14 0 16 12 15 71 49 34 4
Car/Owner 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 0
Jeepney 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 0
None 0 32 30 0 29 37 33 176 117 23 19
748 respondents stated that there are occurrences of calamities in their area for the past 10 years while 34
respondents said that there are none.
Are there any occurrence of calamities

for the past ten years?
300
250
200
COUNT
150
100
50
0
Sitio Uppe Sitio
Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio
Samp Sitio r Galile Kabisi Buha
Rivers Gatla Quarr Pag- Panta
aluca Gipit maing e g ngina
ide bayan y asa y
n ate n
YES 30 0 44 31 24 50 50 254 179 62 24
None 0 0 0 0 24 0 10 0 0 0 0
PERCEPTION:
345 of the respondents knew about the project while 481 respondents did not know about the expansion
project.

Do they know about the expansion

project?
200
180
160
140
COUNT
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Uppe Sitio
Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio
Samp Sitio r Galile Kabisi Buha
Rivers Gatla Quarr Pag- Panta
aluca Gipit main e g ngina
ide bayan y asa y
n gate n
YES 2 16 18 13 24 1 36 66 147 5 17
NO 28 28 26 18 24 49 24 188 32 57 7
Uncertain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
387 respondents stated that they knew about the project because of the surveys, 257 respondents said that
they were informed through seminar while 34 respondents claimed that they heard about the project through
news and rumors.
How did they know?

200
180
160
140
COUNT
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Samp Sitio Gatla r Galile Kabis Buha
River Quar Pag- Panta
aluca Gipit baya main e ig ngina
side ry asa y
n n gate n
Survey 28 28 0 0 0 1 46 188 32 57 7
Seminar 2 16 0 0 4 0 0 66 147 5 17
News/Rumors 0 0 0 0 20 0 14 0 0 0 0
In terms of their opinions towards the project, 448 respondents stated that the project will bring help to the
community, 141 respondents answered no, while 237 respondents are uncertain.

In their opinion, will the project help the

community?
120
100
80
COUNT
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio
n n
YES 17 13 28 17 21 42 52 96 100 46 16
NO 0 0 14 6 2 6 0 82 18 5 8
Uncertain 13 31 2 8 25 2 8 76 61 11 0
Perceived Positive Effects from the Proposed Project

314 of the respondents said that there will be job opportunities, 150 respondents said that income/progress in
the barangay will happen, 214 of the respondents answered the others choice in the survey given while 138
respondents do not perceive any positive effects from the proposed project.
Positive Effects (According to the respondents)

140
120
100
COUNT
80
60
40
20
0
Sam Sitio Gatla r Galil Kabis Buha
River Quar Pag- Pant
paluc Gipit baya main ee ig ngin
side ry asa ay
an n gate an
Job Opportunities 13 15 24 9 18 44 26 72 40 41 12
Income/Progress in the Barangay 0 0 0 0 5 5 25 44 55 16 0
Others 17 29 20 22 25 1 9 0 84 5 2
Unkown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 0 0 10
Perceived Negative Effects of the Proposed Project

170 respondents said that water and air pollution might occur, 51 respondents said that reduction of farm lands
might happen, 113 of the respondents stated that the project might cause health issues, 176 of the respondents
said that dislocation of homes might occur, 394 respondents said that there will be dust pollution while 37
respondents answered the others choice in the survey given.

Negative Effects (According to the respondents)

180
160
140
120
COUNT
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio Upper Sitio Sitio Sitio Sitio
Sitio Galile Kabisi
Rivers Samp Gatla maing Buhan Quarr Pag- Panta
Gipit e g
ide alucan bayan ate ginan y asa y
Water and Air Pollution 2 3 3 7 14 17 11 48 22 33 10
Reduction of Farm lands 0 13 0 0 0 11 0 17 10 0 0
Health Issues 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 58 1 0
Dislocation of Homes 0 0 28 2 10 39 18 29 43 4 3
Dust Pollution 22 0 16 22 38 0 42 160 68 24 2
Others 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Suggestions/recommendation for the Project

26 respondents suggested job employment, 100 respondents proposed medical assistance, 13 recommended
scholarship programs, 106 respondents implied relocation, 78 respondents said road concreting projects, 243
respondents suggested livelihood programs, 212 respondents answered the others choice in the survey given
while 48 respondent have no suggestions or recommendations.
Suggestions from the respondents that the

Company may do for the community
120
100
COUNT
80
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio
n n
Employment 14 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
None 16 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Medical Assistance 0 9 0 0 15 20 0 30 12 12 2
Scholarship Program 0 0 0 0 2 10 1 0 0 0 0
Relocation 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 17 82 0 2
Road Concreting Project 0 9 0 3 0 1 35 3 0 19 8
Livelihood Program 0 13 0 5 17 17 24 97 36 31 3
Others 0 12 0 21 14 0 0 107 49 0 9
Approval/Disapproval of the Project

533 respondents agreed to continue the project, 181 respondents disagreed while 112 respondent are
uncertain.
Do they Agree/Disagree to the Project

120
100
80
COUNT
60
40
20
0
Sitio Sitio Sitio
Riversi Sampal Gatlab mainga Galilee Kabisig Buhang Pag-
Gipit Quarry Pantay
de ucan ayan te inan asa
YES 30 31 33 27 24 48 60 88 113 62 17
NO 0 13 11 4 17 2 0 93 34 0 7
Uncertain 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 73 32 0 0
4.1 Displacement of Settlers

There are no settlers at the cement manufacturing complex. However, in the quarry areas, there may be some
settlers who may be affected. They are now being identified and proper resettlement action plan will be
provided.
4.2 In-Migration
The Project will contribute to the in-migration because people will be encouraged by the possible benefits that
the project may offer. With this, the existing demographic data will be affected, specifically with respect to the
following:
 Increased population of Brgy. San Jose being the host barangay
 increased economic activity in the area
4.3 Cultural/Lifestyle Change (especially on indigenous people)

There are no indigenous people in the area. However, the cultural lifestyle of the residents may change
because of the project due of the following factors:
 increased population of Brgy. San Jose being the host barangay
 increased economic activity in the area
 increased cost of living because of the additional needs and wants that the people can afford to buy
4.4 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources

There are no cultural resources near or within the project site.
4.5 Threat To Delivery Of Basic Services /Resource Competition

The Project will not pose threat to delivery of basic services because it will not compete with the services being
provided by the local and national government. The Project will even be a partner to deliver and improve the
delivery of the basic services for the people because the Project has social development component.
4.6 Threat to Public Health and Safety

The Project will not pose threat to public health because all management and mitigating measures will be
implemented
Diseases that may be affected by Climate Change

Climate change phenomenon is necessarily viewed from a global perspective. Thus although combustion
process will necessarily result in the production of ghg CO2, the operation of the cement grinding plant itself
will not in any way impact on climate change. Thus it may be noted that diseases affected by climate change
resulting from the project is not germane to health effects.
Safety
Safety is number one in the priority of project implementation. Adequate emergency and safety equipment and
procedures, and regular training will be implemented. Occupational health and safety of the workers and people
around BBC compound will also be among the priority.
4.7 Generation of Local Benefits from the Project
Enhancement of Employment and Livelihood Opportunities

In response to a question raised during the Public Scoping, and even without such being asked, the Proponent
will give priority for employment to qualified residents under mutually acceptable employment terms and
conditions and subject to compliances with the rules of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).
Increased Business Opportunities and Associated Economic Activities

Cement is one of the most basic need for infrastructure required by business, industries and economic
activities. With the project, increased business opportunities and its multiplier effect may be generated.
Increased Revenue of LGUs

Taxes will be paid the LGUs the amount of which will be determined when all the parameters for the operation
of the Plant shall have been established.
As of last local government income classification of the Department of Finance in 2005, Antipolo is classified
as a "First Class City".
In 2007, the city registered a total revenue of ₱993.1 million, an increase of 5.6 percent from the previous
fiscal year, in 2010 this amount has grown to ₱1.56 billion. Its proximity to Metro Manila has continuously
spurred the growth of the real estate industry and by 2007, revenue from real property taxes has ballooned
by 32.1 percent from 2006 to ₱146.2 million as there are also about 456 residential subdivisions in the city.
Over-all, with the expansion project, consumption of the following utilities will be increased thus contribute to
the revenue increase of its suppliers and ultimately of the national and local governmet:
 Raw Materials
 Fuels
 Power
 Others
Also, because of the expansin project, the following fixed cost of Solid Cement will increase
 Wages
 Fees
 Hired Manpower
 Maintenance
 Services
 Rentals
 Other Fixed Costs
Poverty Threshold Data from the NEDA
2012 Full Year Per Capita Poverty (Food) Threshold and Poverty Incidence among Families, by
Region and Province
A.National
1. Main Indicators
For the full year 2012, a family of five will need around PhP 5,513 monthly income to buy their minimum basic
food needs; and around PhP 7,890 monthly for their minimum basic food and nonfood needs.

This represents an increase of about 12.3 percent for both the food and poverty thresholds between 2009 and
2012. Such increases represent inflation of about 4.1% on the average per year between 2009 and 2012.
In the same period in 2012, the proportion of Filipino families in extreme poverty whose incomes are not
sufficient to meet basic food needs stands at 7.5 percent, which is almost the same in 2009 but the figure in
2012 is significantly lower than the 8.8 percent estimate in 2006.
It is worth noting that despite the rise in the number of families in the country between 2006 and 2012, the
estimated number of extremely poor families has remained steady at around 1.61 million.
In terms of the poverty incidence, one out of five Filipino families was estimated to be poor in 2012 (19.7
percent). The estimate for 2012 is slightly lower than the 2009 and 2006 poverty incidence figures, which were
estimated at 20.5 and 21.0 percent, respectively, but these differences are not statistically significant.
Although the proportion of poor families has been practically similar between 2006 and 2012, on account of
the country’s growing population, the estimated number of poor families has risen from 3.8 million in 2006 to
4.2 million in 2012.
Table 2.4.7-2: Full Year Thresholds, Incidences and Magnitude of Poor: 2006, 2009 and 2012
Estimate Inc/Dec Coefficient of Variation
Statistics
2006 2009 2012 06-09 09-12 2006 2009 2012
Monthly Food Threshold for a
Family of Five (PhP) 3,878 4,908 5,513 26.6 12.3
Subsistence Incidence (%)
Families 8.8 7.9 7.5 (0.9) (0.4) 3.0 3.3 3.4
Population 12.0 10.9 10.4 (1.1) (0.5) 2.9 3.2 3.4
Magnitude of Extreme (Subsistence) Poor (in million)
Families 1.60 1.55 1.61 (2.7) 3.7
Population 10.23 9.70 9.81 (5.2) 1.1
Monthly Poverty Threshold for
a Family of Five (PhP) 5,566 7,030 7,890 26.3 12.2
Poverty Incidence (%)
Families 21.0 20.5 19.7 (0.5) (0.8) 2.0 2.1 2.2
Population 26.6 26.3 25.2 (0.3) (1.1) 1.9 2.0 2.1
Magnitude of Poor (in million)
Families 3.81 4.04 4.21 6.0 4.4
Population 22.64 23.30 23.75 2.9 1.9
Source: National Statistical Coordination Board
2. Other Poverty Measures

In addition to the abovementioned indicators, other poverty measures generated by NSCB, which could also
be used for designing poverty intervention programs include the income gap, poverty gap and squared
poverty gap.
In 2012, the income gap, which measures the amount of income required by the poor in order to get out of
poverty in relation to the poverty threshold itself, was estimated at 26.2%. This means that, on the average, a
poor family with five members needed a monthly additional income of about Php2,067 to move out of poverty
in 2012.
This can serve as a useful reference especially in determining the necessary budget to eradicate poverty in
the country. Given this information, the NSCB estimates that if the government were to provide a mere cash
transfer to all poor households in terms of what they would require to cross the poverty line, a total of Php124
billion in 2012 would be required to eradicate poverty (exclusive of targeting costs). It may be noted that budget
allocated for CCT for the entire year of 2012 is 39.4 billion.
Table 2.4.7-3: Income Gap, Poverty Gap and Severity of Poverty: 2006, 2009 and 2012
Statistics Estimate Inc/Dec

2006 2009 2012 2006-2009 2009-2012

Income Gap 27.5 26.2 26.2 (1.3) (0.0)
Poverty Gap 5.8 5.4 5.1 (0.4) (0.2)
Severity of Poverty 2.2 2.0 1.9 (0.2) (0.1)
B.Regional
At the regional level, the regions with the lowest poverty incidence among families in 2006, 2009, and 2012,
continue to be NCR, CALABARZON, and Central Luzon. On the other hand, ARMM consistently figured in the
bottom (poorest) set of regions with the highest poverty incidence among families between 40.0 to 49.0 percent
in 2006, 2009, and 2012. Note that in 2006 and 2009, Zamboanga Region and Caraga were included in the
three regions with the highest poverty incidence. While it is worth noting that they did not figure in the bottom
cluster in 2012, Eastern Visayas and SOCCSKSARGEN were new entrants in the said group at around 37.0
percent.
While it might seem that there are no changes in poverty conditions across the country between 2009 and
2012, data shows that Caraga improved its poverty incidence significantly from 46.0 percent in 2009 to 31.9
percent in 2012.
Table 2.4.7-4: Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence among Families: 2006, 2009 and 2012
Per Capita Poverty Threshold(in Php) Poverty Incidence among Families
Region
2006 2009 2012 2006 2009 2012
Philippines 13,357 16,871 18,935 21.0 20.5 19.7
NCR 15,699 19,227 20,344 2.9 2.4 2.6
CAR 14,107 17,243 19,483 21.1 19.2 17.5
Region I 14,107 17,595 18,373 19.9 16.8 14.0
Region II 13,944 17,330 19,125 21.7 20.2 17.0
Region III 14,422 18,188 20,071 10.3 10.7 10.1
Region IV-A 13,241 17,033 19,137 7.8 8.8 8.3
Region IV-B 12,645 15,613 17,292 32.4 27.2 23.6
Region V 13,240 16,888 18,257 35.4 35.3 32.3
Region VI 12,684 15,971 18,029 22.7 23.6 22.8
Region VII 13,963 16,662 18,767 30.7 26.0 25.7
Region VIII 12,520 16,278 18,076 33.7 34.5 37.4
Region IX 12,743 16,260 18,054 40.0 39.5 33.7
Region X 12,917 16,878 19,335 32.1 33.3 32.8
Region XI 13,389 17,120 19,967 25.4 25.5 25.0
Region XII 13,319 16,405 18,737 31.2 30.8 37.1
Caraga 14,324 18,309 19,629 41.7 46.0 31.9
ARMM 12,647 16,683 20,517 40.5 39.9 48.7
C. Provincial
As far as provincial data is concerned, the group of provinces with the least poverty incidence among families
remain practically the same namely, the 4 districts of NCR, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna,
Pampanga, and Rizal with the addition of Ilocos Norte in the group in 2012.
Table 2.4.7-5: Provinces in the Least Poor Cluster: 2006, 2009 and 2012
2006 2009 2012
90% Confidence 90% Confidence 90% Confidence
Province Poverty Interval Poverty Interval Poverty Interval
Cluster Cluster Cluster
Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit
1st District 5 2.7 1.4 4.0 5 3.2 0.6 5.8 5 3.6 2.1 5.1
2nd District 5 3.2 0.7 5.7 5 2.2 1.4 3.0 5 1.9 1.1 2.7

3rd District 5 3.3 2.2 4.4 5 3.2 1.9 4.4 5 2.8 1.7 3.8
4th District 5 2.4 1.6 3.3 5 1.5 0.6 2.4 5 3.0 1.9 4.0
Bataan 5 6.2 3.9 8.5 5 5.9 3.8 8.1 5 4.5 1.7 7.2
Benguet 5 4.0 2.4 5.6 5 4.2 2.1 6.4 5 2.8 1.3 4.3
Bulacan 5 4.9 3.6 6.1 5 4.6 3.5 5.6 5 5.4 3.4 7.3
Cavite 5 1.2 0.4 2.0 5 2.2 1.4 3.1 5 2.6 1.2 3.9
Ilocos Norte 4 13.7 6.6 20.8 4 11.1 7.2 15.0 5 8.4 5.0 11.8
Laguna 5 4.3 2.8 5.7 5 6.2 4.1 8.2 5 4.6 3.1 6.1
Pampanga 5 2.0 1.1 2.9 5 4.9 3.2 6.5 5 5.4 3.5 7.4
Rizal 5 2.5 1.3 3.6 5 5.8 3.8 7.7 5 5.0 2.8 7.2
Note: Provinces were clustered using confidence intervals of poverty incidence as the clustering variable,
where cluster 5 is comprised of least poor provinces.
On the other hand, the provinces which were consistently included in the cluster with the highest poverty
incidence among families in 2006, 2009, and 2012 are the following: Eastern Samar, Lanao del Sur,
Maguindanao, Masbate, Northern Samar, Sarangani and Zamboanga del Norte. New entrants in the bottom
cluster of provinces in 2012 are Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, North Cotabato and Western Samar.
Table 2.4.7-6: Provinces in the Bottom Poor Cluster: 2006, 2009 and 2012
First Semester 2006 First Semester 2009 First Semester 2012
90%Confidence 90%Confidence 90%Confidence
Province Cluste Poverty Interval Poverty Interval Poverty Interval
Cluster Cluster
r Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit
Apayao 1 42.1 26.8 57.4 2 39.9 24.0 55.8 1 54.7 40.3 69.1
Bukidnon 1 35.4 27.8 43.1 2 37.0 30.6 43.3 1 41.5 34.6 48.4
Camiguin 3 31.4 21.3 41.5 4 20.4 16.4 24.3 1 41.0 37.1 44.9
Eastern Samar 1 41.3 32.3 50.4 1 49.2 39.6 58.7 1 55.4 46.6 64.3
Lanao del Norte 3 33.1 26.3 39.8 2 39.7 32.7 46.7 1 41.4 31.1 51.7
Lanao del Sur 1 38.6 27.0 50.3 1 48.7 36.2 61.1 1 67.3 58.4 76.2
Maguindanao 1 46.4 38.9 53.8 1 43.3 34.1 52.6 1 54.5 45.8 63.2
Masbate 1 44.6 36.8 52.5 1 44.4 38.1 50.6 1 40.6 33.7 47.4
Negros Oriental 1 38.2 30.3 46.0 3 28.0 21.2 34.7 1 43.9 35.4 52.5
North Cotabato 3 25.6 19.8 31.4 3 23.4 17.6 29.1 1 44.8 37.7 52.0
Northern Samar 1 44.6 32.9 56.2 1 42.8 34.2 51.5 1 43.5 34.9 52.1
Sarangani 1 41.7 34.6 48.7 1 47.5 38.8 56.2 1 46.0 39.7 52.3
Sultan Kudarat 1 44.3 35.9 52.7 2 41.6 33.3 50.0 1 40.4 30.2 50.6
Sulu 1 35.2 26.0 44.4 2 35.5 28.6 42.4 1 40.2 32.4 48.0
Western Samar 3 32.3 25.6 39.0 2 34.9 27.7 42.1 1 43.5 35.3 51.7
Zamboanga del Norte 1 60.3 52.3 68.4 1 60.3 52.9 67.8 1 48.0 39.9 56.1
Note: Provinces were clustered using confidence intervals of poverty incidence as the clustering variable,
where cluster 5 is comprised of least poor provinces.
II.Summary
In general, about one out of every five Filipino families (19.7 percent) was poor in 2012. The estimate for 2012
is slightly lower than the 2006 and 2009 poverty incidence figures, which were estimated at 21.0 and 20.5 and
percent, respectively, but these differences are not statistically significant. Although the proportion of poor
families has been practically similar between 2006 and 2012, on account of the country’s growing population,
the estimated number of poor families has risen from 3.8 million in 2006 to 4.2 million in 2012. In terms of
subsistence incidence, one out of every ten Filipino families (7.5) had income not enough to meet their basic
food needs. This is the same in 2009 but the figure in 2012 is significantly lower than the 8.8 percent estimate
in 2006. However, despite the rise in the number of families in the country between 2006 and 2012, the

estimated number of extremely poor families has remained steady at around 1.6 million. Among the regions,
Caraga posted significant reduction in poverty incidence between 2009 and 2012.
4.8 Traffic Congestion

The Project may brought about traffic congestion because of the volume of trucks that will be generated by the
project. Traffic management thru assignment of Traffic Enforcers and LGU counterparts will be assigned to
facilitate traffic. Signages will also be installed. Also, three to four hectares of the project area will be devoted
to truck parking only. The Traffic Management Plan that will be designed will consider the rerouting schemes
that may be implemented especially during peak seasons of travels.
Provided below is a more detailed Traffic Management Plan for the Project.
The characteristic of traffic in an area is best influence by the land use pattern within and the surrounding
vicinity. Commercial land use zones are prone to traffic congestion as commercial establishments within this
zone are inherently traffic generators. However, traffic issues and management could not be limited on one
establishment, nor one block of commercial buildings but rather it has to be taken in the context of not only of
Antipolo City (PROJECT SITE) alone, but to include neighboring cities and municipalities comprising the
Province of Rizal.
Antipolo City Road Network Map

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN – TO/FROM SOLID PLANT
Gate 1 - provides access to the housing, chapel, canteen, offices (not part of the expansion project), are
used only by light vehicles.
Figure 1
Gates 2 and 3 will be used by inbound and outbound trucks and other heavy vehicles/equipment. All trucks
(inbound and outbound) passing through 2K AND 4K roads will be assisted by 8 traffic enforcers (4 for 2K
Road and 4 for 4K Road) provided by Solid Cement Corporation (SCC) on 2 shifts everyday.
As part of our corporate social responsibility, SCC have taken it upon themselves to provide a safe and healthy
working environment to its employees, contractors, communities and other stakeholders, including the riding
public. To make the roads much safer, SCC has initiated the installation of traffic signs in certain portions of
2K and 4K Road.

Figure 2
TRAFFIC FLOW
For outbound trucks carrying cement / aggregates going to customer site - Empty trucks of cement haulers
which are on standby are required to park at the designated Parking Areas (see Figure 3) while waiting for their
turn to be loaded. Each waiting truck is assigned a number. Once it’s a truck’s turn to be loaded, it’s number
is announced in a public address system located at each Parking Area. The empty truck then proceeds to the
360 Degrees Inspection Area then to the Truck Scale (see Figure 4). Once it is verified to be road worthy and
empty, the truck will proceed to the Packhouse area (see Figure 5) where it waits for its turn to be loaded.
Once the truck is loaded with cement, it then returns to the truck scale where it had its Tare Weight taken then
exits Gate 2 or 3 depending on its destination (see Figure 6). Once the truck unloads its cargo at the customer
site, it then returns to the plant’s Parking Area (see Figure3) to wait again for its turn to be loaded.
For inbound trucks carrying raw materials, coal etc. - Inbound trucks loaded with raw materials, coal and such
other materials, will be passing through Gate 2 or 3. They will then proceed to the truck scale (see Figure 3
and 4) for weighing of their load then unload the cargo at the designated material storage area. After unloading,
the trucks will then proceed to the truck scale where they had their gross weight taken (to be sure they are
empty) then exit the same gate they entered.

Figure 3 – Trucks enter the Solid Plant / Parking Area (gray arrow)
Figure 4 – Empty / outbound trucks proceed to the 360 Degrees Inspection Area then to the Truck
Scale. Inbound / loaded trucks proceeds directly to the Truck Scale.

Figure 5 – Empty / outbound trucks proceeds to the Packhouse Area (yellow arrow)
Figure 6 – Outbound trucks return to the truck scale where it had its Tare Weight taken. It then exits Gate
2 or 3 depending on its destination. Inbound trucks return to the scale where it had its gross weight taken
then exit the same gate (blue arrow.)

CHAPTER III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is formulated to minimize the potential adverse impacts while
enhancing the beneficial effects of implementation of the project. This EMP shall serve as the environmental
monitoring and implementing guidelines for the project. This is a more generic plan because prior to project
implementation, an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP) and Final Mine
Decommissioning and/or Rehabilitation Plan will be formulated and submitted to the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau (MGB).
With the identification of the key project activities at each phase and key impact thereof (Chapter 2) and the
delineation of the important baseline conditions (Chapter 3) this Section summarizes the significant impacts
and corresponding management plan/mitigating measures.
For the discussions “impact” are differentiated from “risk incidents”, the former arising from regular activities
while the latter are neither daily nor regular occurrences or occurrences at abnormal situation.
3.1 EMP for Project Phase- Construction
Table 3.1: EMP for Project Phase- Construction

Impact and Environment Mitigation Measures
Sector to be Affected
Land  Use of electrostatic precipitators and dust collectors
 Manual sweeping
 Proper labeling, segregation and storage
 Transport, treatment and disposal by DENR-accredited third party
contractors
Water  Use of septic vaults
 Water quality monitoring using the following parameters:
 Fecal and total coliform
 BOD5
 TSS
 pH
Air  Implementation of dust management system
 Regular ambient monitoring
Access Road
Every main haul road (i.e. any course inside a construction site having a vehicle
passing rate of higher than four (4) in any 30 minutes should be paved with
concrete, bituminous materials, hardcores or metal plates, and kept clear of
dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to
maintain the entire road surface wet; and
The portion of any road leading only to a construction site that is within 30m of
a discernible or designated vehicle entrance or exit should be kept clear of
dusty materials.
Use of Vehicle
Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle should be washed
to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels; and
Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty materials,

the load should be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to ensure
that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicle.
Excavation and Earth Moving

The working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be
sprayed with water or a dusty suppression chemical immediately before, during


and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet;
and exposed earth shall be properly treated by compaction, turfing,
hydroseeding, vegetation planting or sealing with latex, vinyl, bitumen,
shotcrete or other suitable surface stabilizer within 6 months after the last
construction activity on the construction site or part of the construction site
where the exposed earth lies.
Stockpiling of Dusty Materials

Any stockpile of dusty material should be either covered entirely by impervious
sheeting; placed in an area sheltered on the top and the three (3) sides; or
sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire
surface wet.
Noise Emission Compliance with DENR Standards on noise through regular noise monitoring
Normal work schedules usually restrict noise producing activities to daytime
Full construction produce hours.
noise that may impact
adjacent communities/ The need for the following measures should be considered prior to
residential areas within the commencement of construction and operation activities:
immediate vicinity of the  Scheduling certain high noise emitting works to more acceptable times of
project. day;
 Use of the most environmentally acceptable equipment which is properly
maintained and silenced;
 Use of the least intrusive method of work;
 Proper instruction and supervision of staff; and
 Acoustic screening.
The following are the noise control measures that will be applied for the
protection of employees working on site as well as the nearest sensitive
receptor:
 It is advisable that electrically powered plant should be preferred, where
practicable, to mechanically powered alternatives. If mechanical powered
plant will be used, it should be fitted with suitable silencers and mufflers;
 Defective equipment/parts with abnormal noise and/or vibration will be
either repaired replaced;
 Schedule use of equipment/machines emitting high noise like pile driver
during day time operation while, minimize use during night time operation;
 During truck transport along or beside the residential area, traffic
transportation will be limited during night operation; and
 The Contractor shall at all times comply with all current statutory
environmental legislation.
People The project offers the following enhancement (not impacts) to the people:
 Employment opportunities
 Livelihood opportunities
 SDMP Benefits
Contractor workforce is being relied upon by the company to perform several

of its day-to-day operational activities. Contractor personnel comprise a
significant percentage of the company’s total workforce and perform
important roles and responsibilities at the workplace. Environment, health and
safety (EHS) indicators show that the company’s exposure to risks is high for
contracted personnel. Since one of the company’s strategic goals is to
achieve an environment friendly and injury-free workplace, SCC has an
established guideline for contractors. During construction, all contractors are
required to have their safety officer on site. The DOLE standard for
construction (DO 13-98) and MGB Mining Safety Policy should also be
complied with by the contractors to reduce the risk of incidents, accidents,
injuries and occupational illnesses through contractor related activities.


SCC will ensure that all contractor works comply with company’s
standards, local rules and regulations and are conducted by competent
personnel duly under an agreed level of supervision and inspection.
A sufficient degree of supervision and/or work site monitoring

procedures will be conducted by CSI personnel, as appropriate for the work
being carried out and the levels of risk that may be present. The level of
supervision required will be determined during the planning stage for the
work, or in some cases when appropriate, at the time of completing a Permit
to
 Work. Conduct of objective monitoring will be implemented to check or
assess the compliance of contractor to the company’s EHS standards,
specific site rules and regulations and the results will form part of the
contractor’s KPIs and may be used to penalize or reward a violation or a
safe performance, respectively.
3.2 EMP for Project Phase- Operations
Table 3.2: EMP for Project Phase- Operations

Land  Use of dust collectors
 Manual sweeping
 Proper labeling, segregation and storage
 Transport, treatment and disposal by DENR-accredited third party
contractors
 Per construction methods and procedures and implementation of Slope
protection with vegetation when necessary
Water  Use of septic vaults
 Water quality monitoring using the new Clean Water Act guidelines
Air  Implementation of dust management system
 Regular ambient monitoring
Noise Emission Compliance with DENR Standards on noise through regular noise monitoring
Normal work schedules usually restrict noise producing activities to daytime
Full plant operations produce hours.
noise that may impact
adjacent communities/ The following are the noise control measures that will be applied for the
residential areas within the protection of employees working on site as well as the nearest sensitive
immediate vicinity of the receptor:
project.  Electrically powered plant should be preferred, where practicable, than
mechanically powered alternatives. If mechanical powered plant will be
used, it should be fitted with suitable silencers and mufflers;
 Defective equipment/parts with abnormal noise and/or vibration will be
either repaired replaced;
 Schedule use of equipment/machines emitting high noise like pile driver
during day time operation while, minimize use during night time operation;
 During truck transport along or beside the residential area, traffic
transportation will be limited during night operation; and
 The Contractor shall at all times comply with all current statutory
environmental legislation.
People The project offers the following enhancement (not impacts) to the people:
 Employment opportunities
 Livelihood opportunities
 SDP Benefits

3.3 Project Phase – Decommissioning/Abandonment

Decommissioning refers to the permanent cessation of the operations phase and may be occasioned by (a)
Retirement of the facilities after its useful life, estimated of at least 25 years, (b) Non-financial viability, (c)
“Force Majeure” scenarios such as maybe due, although unlikely to natural hazards.
Statement of Proponent’s Policies and Generic Procedures for Rehabilitation/ Decommissioning/

Abandonment which will be implemented Post-ECC. On top of the mandatory Social Development and
Management Program (SDMP), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which is a major core value of the
Proponent adheres to the protection of the environment and people and will be the guiding principle during
project decommissioning.
An environmental assessment and audit will necessarily be undertaken prior to abandonment to establish any
possible residuals in the resources and thus determine the remedial measures. Since the air resources are
constantly monitored no residual impacts on the ambient air is likely. Close out health examinations of
personnel workers and of resident near the project site will be undertaken. This will also insulate the Proponent
from any legal claims after decommissioning.
The protocol for decommissioning will be submitted to the concerned EMB office for approval before
implementation. The MMT will be represented in monitoring the decommissioning activities.
Timeframe
The decommissioning program for submission and approval to the EMB will be submitted at least six (6) months
before the schedule or as may be prescribed in the future by the DENR/EMB.
3.4 Summary Matrix of the Impact Management Plan
Table 3.4.1 summarizes all the potential impacts and options for prevention.

Table 3.4-1: Summary Matrix of the Impact Management Plan

Project Phase / Environmental Environmental Potential Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or Enhancement Responsible Cost in PhP Guarantee /
Aspect (Project Activity Which will Component Entry Financial
likely Impact the Environmental Likely to be Arrangements
Component) Affected
I- PRE CONSTRUCTION PHASE Sourcing of equipment and contractors; Securing of approvals like MGB approval for AEPEP, etc.
II- CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Generation of Scraps and  Good housekeeping; sell scraps Proponent 10,000 min Compiance
construction debris and  Manual sweeping with RA 9003
generation of hazardous  Minimal site preparation work because land already
wastes developed
 Disposal and/or use of overburdens
 Securing of hazwaste generator ID
 treatment and disposal with Certificate of Treatment by
DENR-accredited third party treaters
Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Water contamination due to Use of Portable toilets Proponent 5,000 ECC conditions
domestic waste discharges and compliance
Water contamination due to Provision of a Hazardous Waste Area with proper labeling, Proponent No cost because this with the Clean
generation of used oil and oil segregation and storage of wastes is being bought by Water Act
spill DENR accredited
Transport, treatment and disposal by DENR accredited third party
third party contractors contractors
Environmental Aspect # 3 The Air Generation of dust which may  Road water sprinkling Proponent 10,000.00 ECC conditions
pollute the air  Tree nursery and tree planting and compliance
Gas emission from motors/  Proper maintenance of construction equipment and Proponent with the Clean
engine of construction vehicles Air Act and
equipment and vehicles DENR
standards on
Noise  Use of PPE, i.e. ear muffs when needed Proponent noise
 Distance from population
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. People Employment Employment generation Proponent Part of Porject cost Contract
provisions
Increase in taxes, community Coordination with LGU on hiring policy No cost MOA with LGU
programs and increase
economic activity
Immigration/in-migration Local hiring priority policy Part of project cost Contract
provisions
Occupational safety and health  Strict implementation of DOLE DO 13-98 Part of project cost Contract
hazards  Health and safety policies provisions
 Employee safety inspections and toolbox meetings
 Regular APE and use of PPEs
 First aid training

 Provision of ambulance and Clinic

 Provision of Fire Fighting System
II- OPERATION PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Loss of vegetation  Open and unused areas within the project site will be Proponent Part of AEPEP EPEP
Disturbance of wildlife resulting replanted as soon as practicable
in displacement  Development of a carbon sink program and provision of
a nursery for the program
 Revegetation using native or indigenous species
 Retaining existing vegetation not affected by
construction
 Briefing of field personnel for proper and efficient
environmental awareness and education
 Proper segregation and disposal of wastes
 Observance of specific regulations towards prohibition
of hunting and poaching (or support of these activities)
of any present wildlife
 Proper maintenance of vehicles and heavy equipment
including fitting with appropriate mufflers or silencers to
decrease noise levels
Generation of sewage and  Placement of regulations on proper waste disposal Proponent 10,000 Compliance
solid wastes  Provide proper waste disposal facilities and toilet with RA 9003
facilities
 Proper segregation of waste and implementation of 3Rs
(reduce, reuse, recycling)
Fugitive dust resulting from  Regular spraying of water where earthwork activities Proponent
ground clearing operations and are concentrated
structure erection.  Replacement of vegetation in non-structure areas.
 Compacting of exposed soil and immediate hauling of
spoils
 Provision of cover on trucks loaded with quarry
materials
 Impose speed restrictions for trucks
Blasting, loading, Vibration, airblasts, flyrocks  Hiring of competent and well trained personnel Proponent
hauling, crushing,  Implement controlled blasting and personnel
screening of ores evacuation within safety zones during blasting
 Designation of buffer zones
 Regular safety training of workers
 Proper use of PPEs
Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Domestic waste discharges  Use of Portable toilets Proponent 15,000 Agreement with
 Establishment of drainage system contractor
 Establishment of siltation ponds
Water pollution to receiving  Conduct of regular water sampling
bodies of water due to cement  Strict implementation of wastewater management plan.

operations and quarrying  Monthly monitoring of quality of groundwater and fresh

activities water
 Storm runoff are directed through the siltation pond
system
 Contaminated rainwater in the maintenance area are
directed to the oil and water separator before discharge
to the drainage system
 Regular inspection and maintenance of the siltation
ponds to avoid leakage, which can pollute the drainage
system and water bodies.
Water resource use  Identify community’s primary water source and Proponent N.A.
competition/ depletion due to requirements and do not compete with it; secure water
use of river water for make up permit
water
Environmental Aspect # 3 C. Air Fugitive Dusts  Use of dust collectors Proponent 20,000
 Manual sweeping
 Enhancement of dust collectors
SOx and NOx emissions from Regular maintenance of heavy equipment and motor Proponent
heavy equipment vehicles
Increase in sound levels during  Regular maintenance of motor vehicle Proponent
operations  Use of mufflers
 Provision of barriers and shielding stationary vibrating
equipment
 Provision of ear mufflers to workers
 Proper scheduling of noisy activities during day time
 Inform community when activities will generate
excessive noise
 Use of PPEs
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. The People Benefits Employee benefits Proponent Part of project cost Contract
provisions
II- ABANDONMENT PHASE More detailed plan will be provided in the FMRDP.
A. The Land Solid waste pollution/  Good housekeeping Proponent N.A. N.A.
contamination brought about  Planting of endemic species or reforestation
by scraps and debris from
Contamination due to wastes
and oil spills, Removal of all
equipment, rehabilitation

Change in land form and use  Turn-over of the facilities which can still be used by the Proponent
new project especially drainage system and rain
collection
 Implementation of final land use as described in the
FMRDP which may be an agroforest area
C. Air Generation of dusts from Sprinkling of water Proponent
Generation of noise from No population center at construction sites Proponent
structures being demolished
Grading, drainage and slope  Sprinkling of water Proponent
stabilization works including  Soil Conditioning
levelling of sediment trap and  Planting of endemic species or reforestation
settling ponds
D. The People Loss of Jobs  Payment of legal social benefits Proponent
 Retrenchment package
 Labor support programs
Loss of community income Sustaining alternative livelihood programs granted by
Proponent
Health data of employees and Recording based on annual physical checkup of Proponent
communities employees and data from Rural Health Units for the
community

CHAPTER IV. ENVIRONMENT RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA) AND EMERGENCY

RESPONSE POLICY AND GUIDELINES
Introduction
Solid Cement Corporation (SCC) has highest regard to the environment and safety is its number one policy. It is
committed to serving its consumers’ and stakeholders’ social and economic needs by providing livelihood projects,
technical trainings and career opportunities to deserving local residents of Antipolo. DAO 2003-30’s RPM defined ERA
as “a process of analyzing and describing the risks associated with a project activity to ecosystems, human health and
welfare”. On top of this, SCC is implementing its own Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Controls
or HIRAC. Attached in Annex E is the HIRAC as of May 19, 2015.
SCC is also ISO certified in terms of quality, environmental, energy and occupational health and safety management.
Provided below is the summary of ISO certifications:
Table 4.1: Summary of ISO Certiifcations

ISO Designation Certificate Number Validity
ISO 50001:2011 (Energy Management PH16/1389 4 May 2016 until 3 May 2019
System)
ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management PH99/16491 31 August 2016 until 30 August 2019
System)
ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental PH16/1433 31 August 2016 until 9 August 2019
Management System)
OHSAS 18001:2007 CH10/1576 10 August 2013 until 9 August 2016
(Occupational Health and Safety (new validity date will be available upon
Management System) completion of Technical Review)
Annex 2-7e of the RPM provides for the guidelines on the degree of ERA requirements and preparation as provided
below:
 Level 1: Preparation of an Emergency/Contingency Plan
 Level 2: Preparation of an Emergency/Contingency Plan and ERA Report
Scope and Coverage

As required in the technical scoping agreement, the ERA details for this section will only be limited to the information
provided in the succeeding section. These information will also provide the basis for further quantitative risk
assessment in case will be required in the post EIA stage/process.
a) Presentation of the different type of safety associated risk relative to the project’s operation;
Includes discussion on the conditions, events and circumstances which could be significant in bringing about
identified safety risks
Description & assessment of the possible accident scenarios
Description of the hazards, both immediate (acute effects) and delayed (chronic effects) for man and the
environment posed by the release of toxic substance (include unloading of raw materials/fuel), as applicable
b) Presentation of the different type of physical risk associated to the project’s operation;
Identification of conditions, events and “trigger” which could be significant in bringing about identified physical risks
Description & assessment of the possible accident scenarios
Description of the hazards both immediate (acute effects) and delayed (chronic effects) for man and the
environment posed by the failure of structure, as applicable.
c) Risk or Hazards Management measures or the general emergency procedures during the worst case scenario

Type of Risks
Safety Risks
Fire
Description and assessment of the possible accident scenarios

Probable major fires may not occur at the Plant. As an emergency measure, firefighting facilities, principally fire water
lines, fire extinguishers and water hose stations and hoses will be installed at the Plant premises. Alarms will also be
installed.
Explosion
Identification of conditions, events and circumstances which could be significant in bringing about identified
safety risks
The elements for explosion which are the extraordinary/release of energy accompanied by rapid increase in volume of
explosive materials are not present in this Project.
Description and assessment of the possible accident scenarios

The possible accident scenarios and the affected population are related to the operation of the major plant equi pment
and auxiliaries which are not present in this Project.
The instrumentation system of the plant is provided with control, measurements, recording and response mechanism to
prevent equipment failures that may result in accidents. Pressure relief valves are installed in sensitive points to cause
release of gases away from personnel. Unit or equipment shutdowns are automatically built in the instrumentation
system.
Movement of personnel to high structures.

Plant operators and maintenance personnel may necessarily climb to high structures as routine part of their functions.
Thus the potential for falling off from these structures exist.
Movement of vehicles
Delivery trucks for materials will necessarily enter the plant premises. Only accredited vehicles and drivers may be
allowed to enter the plant, Road signages will be posted conspicuously at strategic places.
Release of Toxic Substances

There are no toxic substances associated with the Project. Even if such is the case, the proponent will implement health
hazard control programs on different levels as follows:
A. Engineering controls:
1. Design of bag filter system to minimize dust generation;
2. Regular road watering during dry days to prevent fugitive dust; and
B. Administrative controls:
1. workplace and community level monitoring for noise, dust and smoke emissions;
2. information, education and training strategies for workers
3. dialogue, information and education of community members on health hazards of concern;
4. provision of adequate housing and sanitary facilities for workers;
5. personal hygiene facilities for workers; and
6. immunization and/or medical prophylaxis for areas where endemic diseases are present.
C. Personal protective equipment (PPE):

1. dust mask and other respiratory protection or workers;
2. ear protectors (either muffs or plugs) for workers; and
3. hard hats and other safety PPE for workers.
D. Proper storage of hazardous waste

Storage is the holding of waste for a temporary period of time prior to the waste being treated, disposed, or stored
elsewhere. Hazardous waste is commonly stored prior to treatment or disposal, and must be stored in containers,
tanks, containment buildings, drip pads, waste piles, or surface impoundments that comply with DENR regulations.

Busted lamps and bulbs and used automotive batteries are among the hazardous wastes that may be generated.
These may be stored in containers or any portable device in which a hazardous waste is stored, transported,
treated, disposed, or otherwise handled.
E. Disaster management prevention and minimization:

1. there must be a provision for a medical clinic at the plant site;
2. first aid and emergency plan for plant accidents which needs trained people and detailed steps to include
transport facilities and communication with the referral hospitals;
3. disaster plan in case of excessive emissions of pollution, and
Toxic Metals in Air

Under the Philippine Clean Air Act, the emission limits for stationary sources (new facilities) for mercury and lead are: 5
mg/NcM and 10 mg/NcM respectively.
Under the Toxic and Hazardous Wastes Law (R.A. 6969) following are the limits for metallic elements:
Elements Maximum Concentration

 Mercury & mercury compounds Includes all wastes with a total Hg concentration > 0.2 mg/
Also include organ mercury compounds
 Lead compounds Includes all wastes with a total Pb concentration > 5 mg/l
For this Project, no heavy metals will be generated because the project is grinding/finish mill only.
Complete inventory of hazardous wastes, incorporating the inventory in the emergency response plan for
hazardous wastes with high risks
Or
List of the Identified Hazardous Substances within the Plant and its Physical and Chemical Properties
Nature of hazardous wastes Source/Generator Inventory (Initial estimate only)
Accidental Oil spills From vehicles and plant Variable but small inquantities
Spent lighting bulbs Equipment

Lighting for Offices and To be determined but small
Plant premises in quantity
Spent computer parts Office computers Small in quantity

for office use only
Oil Sludges From Storage Tanks Generated only during tank cleaning which is
undertaken after several years of operation, thus
minimal volumes
Physical Risks
Breakdown of Pollution Control Facilities

In an event although unlikely that the Bag Filters/ESP fail the instrumentation system described, it will automatically
shutdown the plant thus preventing uncontrolled discharge of particulate matters(PM) to the atmosphere.
Bag Filter System Diagram

To address the concerns of Bag Filter failures, the Project will adapt the following standards in the design, installation
and operations/maintenance to prevent total failure. This design and O&M philosophy will make total Bag Filter failure
improbable.
The bag filter system is installed to address the problem of cement dust emission that comes from operating equipment
and silos wherein the cement is stored and extracted. The system comprises of bag filter fan, the discharging equipment
which normally a screw conveyor or a rotary airlock, the bag filter casing which the filter media are enclosed, and the
ductings(inlet and outlet).
Operation and Maintenance

The design will enable troubleshooting of common cause of field failure while the boiler and other fields are online. The
O&M philosophy will be based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “Manual for Operation and
Maintenance” and “Inspection Procedures for Evaluation of the Control System Performance.”
Breakdown or Failure of Equipment and Facilities
Temperature Extremes as Precursor to Accidents

At worst case scenario extreme temperature rise is predicted at 2.4 0C for a short term period of June/July/August in
2050. At the peak ambient temperature at this time of 29.3 0C the effect on operations and maintenance personnel is
unlikely.
Indirect adverse effects even if unlikely have to be factored in the design of equipment and safety system, noting that
process design take into consideration ambient conditions, e.g., temperature. Failure of systems (e.g. instrumentation)
may in theory trigger accidents.
Rainfall Extremes as Precursor to Accidents

Aberrations in predicted rainfalls are seen from the above table, certain months exhibit decrease in rainfalls while in other
periods increase is predicted. These predicted increases are however, not expected to trigger accidents in the operation
of the plant. Potential effects of heavy rainfalls is flooding. The plant however will be designed for appropriate drainage
system.
Hazard Analysis
Natural Hazards
“Hazard is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity, which may cause the loss of life or
injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. It can include latent conditions
that may represent future threats and can have origins, natural (geological, hydrometeorological and
“Natural Hazards” are the natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a damaging
event. It can be classified by origin: geological, hydrometeorological or biological.
Earthquake
Earthquake is the perceptible trembling to violent shaking of ground caused by either tectonic movements or volcanic
activity. The Philippines is located near or along the so called “earthquake belt” and is prone to seismic hazards. Areas
that are susceptible to this seismic hazard are those underlain by unconsolidated soils and sediments deposited on the
low-lying areas.
The area investigated is prone to ground shaking hazards due to the presence of several earthquake generators in and
near the region. These possible seismogenic structures include the active West Valley Fault, Lubang Island/Verde
Passage Fault, Philippine Fault and the Manila Trench (Punongbayan, 1989).
Social
In terms of Social aspect, following are the concerns during abandonment phase:
Loss of jobs thru loss of income
Loss of taxes paid to the government
Loss of independent economy dependent on the project
Loss of projects by contractors
SCC also implements HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DETERMINING CONTROLS (HIRAC)
where hazards and risks are fully addressed and concrete action plans are undertaken. Full details are attached in Annex
E.
On top of all of these measures, SCC has formulated its Emergency Response and Disaster Preparedness Plan (DPP)
provided Annex H.

CHAPTER V. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN/FRAMEWORK (SDP) AND IEC FRAMEWORK

5.1 The Social Development Plan (SDP)
The Project Proponent will supply cement to the medium sized real estate developers in Central Luzon and big real
estate developers expanding outside Metro Manila.
The Proponent will be undertaking SDPs in consonance with it Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mission, which
includes but not limited:
 Skills training to prepare the community for employment opportunities during the construction phase of the project
 Sustainable livelihood training programs
 Environmental/Climate Mitigation Actions: Reforestation and Carbon Sink Programme
The SDP Framework of the EIS System was even improved by the Proponent based on the Social Development and
Management Program required under the Mining Law.
Provided below is the SDP Matrix under Annex 2-18 of RPM for DAO 2003-30 which includes programs currently being
undertaken and for continuous implementation by SCC for its current operations and expansion project.
Table 5.1: SDP Matrix

Government Agency/ Non-government
Responsible Community Member / Indicative Source of
CONCERN Agency and Services PROPONENT
Beneficiary Timeline fund
(indicate specific services)
1. Gender Responsive Association Chairperson  LGU Municipal Planning Office Community Relations  Pre- LGU –IRA/
Livelihood / Employment  Qualified Project Affected Men,  MSWD Officer construction Proponent
and Credit Facilities (Men, Women, Youth & Elderly  TESDA  Construction
Women, Youth & elderly)  Operation
2. Health and Safety: Barangay Kagawad for Health  MHO Community Relations  Pre- LGU –IRA/
 Road safety  Project Affected Community  Barangay Disaster Management Officer construction Proponent
 Construction
 Operation
3. Education and Barangay Kagawad for Education  DepEd Community Relations  Pre- LGU –IRA/
Recreation:  Project Affected Families Officer construction Proponent
 Adopt-a-School  Construction
program  Operation
 Maintenance and
caring of Day Care
Centers (including
repairs)
 Brigada Eskwela
 Schools supplies
distribution

4. Environment and Barangay Kagawad for Environment  ENRO Community Relations  Pre- LGU –IRA/
Sanitation:  Project Affected Community  MHO Officer construction Proponent
 Cement allocation for  Construction
pathways and roads  Operation
 Garbage truck
donation
 Clean up Drive for
Hinulugang Taktak
 Tree Planting
5. Livelihood
 Irrigation water pumps
6. Peace and order: Barangay Kagawad for Peace and order  LGU Chief Security Officer  Pre- LGU –IRA/
 Assistance to Brgy.  Project Affected Community  PNP construction Proponent
Tanods by donating  Construction
Tanod uniform (t-  Operation
shirts)
 Flashlight
 Whistle
 Batuta
7. Spiritual Barangay Assigned Catholic Priest,  Parish Priest Community Relations
Pastor of different denomination  Pastor Officer
Provided below is the 2017 SDMP while shown in Annex F are SDMP implementation status as of 2014.
Attached in Annex G is the complete documentation of the Public Scoping.

Table 5.2: ASDMP with Funds for 2017

5.2 The Information, Education and Communications (IEC) Implementation Plan

The IEC for the project is a component of the SDMP. Included in Annex F is the IEC implementation status.
For both the SDP and IEC of the project, the programs are always and shall be derived from and aligned with, the
LGU’s existing development plans. The project’s SDP normally aims to prevent/mitigate and/or enhance a project’s
adverse and positive impacts, respectively, on people’s livelihood, health and environment. The process of formulating
the project’s SDP shall be actively participated in by Barangay Council, the City Planning and Development Office
(CPDO) and/or other Government Agencies whose mandates cover the management of impacts posed by project
operations, e.g. DOH who may coordinate with the Proponent on the conduct of health impact studies or conduct of
medical mission(s).
Provided below is the IEC Framework as provided under Annex 2-19 of RPM for DAO 2003-30.
Target Sector Major IEC Scheme / Information Medium Indicative Indicative

Identified as Topic/s of Strategy Timelines and Cost
Needing Project concern in Methods Frequency
IEC Relation to
Project
1. Residents of Awareness Group methods  Stakeholders’ Annually 35,000.00
impact for the people Consultative Planning
barangays on the actual Multi-media: The Session / Community
impacts & Rizal Weekly Projects Planning
mitigating Post: a local Sessions Monthly
measures of newspaper in  Informal discussion/ /
the Project Rizal meeting with
stakeholders
2. Students of Group methods  Educational Tour Once a year 50,000.00
elementary
schools of
impact
barangays
3. Stakeholders Group methods  Stakeholder’s meeting Once a year 25,000.00
meeting
4. SCC employees Awareness Group methods  Road Safety Once a year Part of
and safety awareness company
 Annual Safety budget for
program employees
 Safety Inspectors
Training
 First Aid Training
 Hazard Identification
and Risk Assessment
Training

CHAPTER VI. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1.4 Self-Monitoring Plan
Provided in Table 6.3 is the Self-Monitoring Plan as per Annex 2-20 of RPM for DAO 2003-30.
Below is the definition of EQPL-Environmental Quality Performance Level:
Table 6. 1-1: EQPL Definition

EQPL Level Description
Alert or Red Flag early warning
Action Level point where management measures must be employed so as not to
reach the regulated threshold or limit level, or to reduce deterioration of
affected environmental component to pre-impact or optimum
environmental quality
Limit Level regulated threshold of pollutant (standard that must not be exceeded);
point where emergency response measures must be employed to reduce
pollutants to lower than standard limit.
Provided in Table 6.2 is the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) with ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE
LEVELS (EQPLs). The EQPL Criteria/Guidelines above are interim and could be best firmed up with the MMT prior to
construction phase.
6.2 Multi-Sectoral Monitoring Framework

Provided below is the list of stakeholder-members of the MMT of the proposed project which is also shown in Annex 3.
Table 6. 2-1: MMT Composition

Stakeholder-Members
1. EMB Central Office and Region IVA 2. City of Antipolo
3. DENR Region IVA 4. Brgy. San Jose
5. Proponent Solid Cement Corporation 6. Accredited NGOs
The MMT of Solic Cement Corporation meets regularly and has been efficient in functioning its role to monitor the
performance and compliance of SCC.
6.3 Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Fund Commitments

For resource extractive projects where this Project of SCC falls, a financial mechanism called Contingent Liability and
Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF) is established in lieu of the EMF and EGF. This CLRF is an environmental guarantee fund
mechanism that ensures the just and timely compensation for damages and progressive and suitable rehabilitation for
any adverse effect a mining operation or activity may cause. This fund is further broken down as follows:
 Environmental Trust Fund (ETF) which is divided into Rehabilitation Cash Fund (RCF) and Monitoring Trust Fund
(MTF)
 Mine Rehabilitation Fund (MRF)
 Mine Waste Tailings Reserve Fund (MWTRF) and
 Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Fund (FMRDF)
As of 2nd Quarter of 2016, SCC has maintained the following accounts with Landbank:
 CLRF Php 5,397,850.51
 MTF 150,000.00
 ETF 50,000.00
For the implementation of the Social Development and Management Program (SDMP), an SDMP budget was also
established by the company and for 2017, the SDMP budget is PhP8,851,703.51.

Table 6. 3-1: SUMMARY OF MONITORING PLAN (EMoP) with ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE LEVELS (EQPLs)
Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
I.
PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Nil
B. The People Employment Visual Proponent Part of
generation construction
Environmental Aspect # 4 cost; implement
minimum wage
law
II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Land: stakehold
regular
IEC
Ensure
regular Presence of
garbage Complaints
collection
collection
of Regular
garbage coordinati
Environmental Aspect # 1: The Generation of Sludge Presence of Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Septic tank on with
Ensure
Land – solid wastes/garbage sludge from sludge/Visual areas desludging stakehold
accumulation septage Presence of ers thru
desludging
Complaints regular
Contamination Heavy TCLP/AAS Annually Area near PCO 50,000 IEC
of hazardous Regular for Presence of
IEC
waste desilting hazwaste Complaints
transformer oil ent
spill


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
From
Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Multiple tube Quarterly Ground- Project 10,000 3000
Coliform Fermentation – water Proponent 4000 5000
Method 9221B&E
Method 9221B&E
100 120
(TSS)
5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF
Environmental Aspect # 3: The Noise Sound Sound Quarterly Noise Proponent 5,000 Recorded Multiple Multiple Corrective Identificati Detailed
Air –Operation of equipment and levels/noise measurements Sensitive complain recorded recorded action on the on of the evaluation of
vehicles using handheld Receptor complains complains identified source of noise
after source noise
identification attenuatio
n
measures


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Conduct
noise
modeling
construction MMT
Part 50
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
Traffic Traffic Visual: Number of Daily Access Project Part of the
congestion condition / vehicles per report of Road Proponent Proponent’s
Road Receiving Clerk responsibilities
Accessibility Increased
Review
Representation with deployme Unresolved
Environmental Aspect # 4: The Half fullor 1 traffic
the LGU regarding nt of recurring
People hour traffic managem
road network and its traffic traffic jam
ent plan
infrastructure plans enforcers
Traffic Impact
Assessment


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

Loss time
injury
PPEs
Land: stakehold
regular
IEC
Ensure
regular Presence of
garbage Complaints
collection
collection
of Regular
garbage coordinati
Ensure
desludging
Complaints regular
IEC
transformer oil ent
spill


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
7 maintenance
Environmental Aspect # 2: The Effluents complaints performance WWTF
of WWTF
Water - Use, operation and From
Maintenance of heavy equipment Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Quarterly Ground- Project 10,000 3000
Coliform water / Proponent
Deepwell
Multiple tube
stations in
Fermentation – 4000 5000
Primary
Method 9221B&E
Homes as
provided in
the baseline
Method 9221B&E
100 120
(TSS)
Review Check
method 3010) stations Proponent 5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF
By electrode


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
after source noise
vehicles measures
Conduct
noise
modeling
construction MMT
Part 50
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
Increased
congestion condition / vehicles per report of Road Proponent Proponent’s Review
deployme Unresolved
Environmental Aspect # 4: The Road Receiving Clerk responsibilities Half fullor 1 traffic
nt of recurring
People Accessibility hour traffic managem
traffic traffic jam
Representation with ent plan
enforcers
the LGU regarding


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

Traffic Impact
Assessment
Loss time
injury
PPEs
Land: stakehold
regular
IEC
Ensure
regular Presence of
garbage Complaints
collection
collection
of Regular
garbage coordinati
Ensure
desludging
Complaints regular
IEC
transformer oil ent
spill


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

3010) 2003 - 07 wells near
deepwell
Regular
7 maintenance
Environmental Aspect # 2: The Effluents complaints performance WWTF
of WWTF
Water - Use, operation and From
Maintenance of heavy equipment Centralized
Waste Water
Treatment
Unit
Total Quarterly Ground- Project 10,000 3000
Coliform water / Proponent
Deepwell
Multiple tube
stations in
Fermentation – 4000 5000
Primary
Method 9221B&E
Homes as
provided in
the baseline
Method 9221B&E
100 120
(TSS)
Review Check
method 3010) stations Proponent 5.5 5.9 6.0-8.5
performance WWTF
By electrode


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
after source noise
vehicles measures
Conduct
noise
modeling
construction MMT
Part 50
(A) Pararosaniline
Method (West and
Gaeke Method)
(A) Griess-
Saltzman or Chemi
luminescence
Method
Increased
congestion condition / vehicles per report of Road Proponent Proponent’s Review
deployme Unresolved
Environmental Aspect # 4: The Road Receiving Clerk responsibilities Half fullor 1 traffic
nt of recurring
People Accessibility hour traffic managem
traffic traffic jam
Representation with ent plan
enforcers
the LGU regarding


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

Traffic Impact
Assessment
Loss time
injury
PPEs
III. OPERATIONS PHASE
A. The Land: Soil Scraps and debris Observati Quarterly Working Proponent 15,000
Soil wastes contamination / on areas
pollution
Generation Sludge Septic Annually Working Proponent 15,000 Coordinate
Environmental Aspect # 1 Presence
of sludge tank areas Irregular with the Ensure
of
from desludgin desludgin garbage regular IEC
Complaint
septage g g desludging desludging
s
company
Visual
of hazardous for Presence of
observation of IEC
waste hazwaste Complaints
silt deposition
transformer oil ent
spill
B. The Water BOD, COD, Laboratory Quarterly Existing Proponent 30,000/monitorin Exceedance  BOD=45  BOD=55m Inspection of Correctiv Stoppage
pH, DO, Oil analysis stations g period from the mg/L g/L Activities e action
and grease, baseline  pH  pH on the
fecal and  COD  COD identified
total coliform,  DO  DO source of
TSS: impact  Oil and  Oil and water
Environmental Aspect # 2 to water grease=4 grease=5 impact
quality mg/L mg/L
 TSS=50  TSS=70mg
mg/L /L
 Fecal and Fecal and
total total
coliform= coliform=10


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
8,000MP ,000MPN/1,
N/1,000m 000ml
l
C. The Air Dust  Manual sweeping Quarterly Part of Proponent 50,000 / Noticeable For Exceedanc Identification Correctiv Stoppage
 Replacement of EPEP monitoring dust sampling e from the of the e action
filter bags Cost period and testing baseline source of on the
 Enhancement of to verify dust identified
dust collectors results. source of
Environmental Aspect # 3 dust
 Road water
sprinkling Monitoring of
 Maintenance of Sources and
tree nursery and Control of pH
tree planting from sources
Noise Sound 24 hr sound Quarterly Existing Proponent Recorded Multiple Multiple Identification Correctiv Detailed
generation in levels measurements stations complain recorded recorded of the source e action evaluation
receptor areas using handheld complains complains of noise on the of noise
sound meter from the from the identified exceedanc
receptor receptor Check buffer source of e if any
areas areas zones and noise
noise
attenuation Conduct
measures monitorin
g after
Conduct noise source
modeling identifica
tion
(S1-hr & )24 Quarterly Area Proponent 100,000.00 400 ug/Ncm 500 ug/Ncm 600  Identify Check Stop Environment
Environmental Aspect # 3: The Air –
Ambient air hr High Sensitive through ug/Ncm possible APCD operation al Aspect # 3:
plant operation
pollution: Volume Receptors as PCO; MMT sources  Investigate if the The Air –
Increase in provided in including and conduct cause of plant
dust (A)Gravimet he baseline external site visit exceeda operation
generation, ric USEPA in the EIS factor and nce is
Increase in 40 CFR, retesting at from the
 Check
exhaust or Part 50 the furnace
SOx and NOx status of operation
furnace for sampling
emission
any upset station.
TSP
operating  Inform MMT
parameters if the


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase

needed the source
of
exceedance
is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
(A) Cost
Pararosanili
ne Method
(West and
Gaeke
Method)
NO2 S)24 hr Gas Part of 105 120 150 -do- -do- -do-
Bubbler Operating
(A) Griess- Cost
Saltzman or
Chemi
luminescenc
e Method
PM10 (S)24 hr Part of Check APCD Stop
High Operating Conduct operation
Volume Cost adjustment of until the
70% of the CAA 90% of
80% of the the unit’s problem
limit (absolute the CAA
(A)Gravimet CAA limit operation as has been
value) limit
ric USEPA per operating resolved.
40 CFR, manual.
Part 50
Environmental Aspect # 3: The Air – Ambient air (S1-hr & )24 Quarterly Area Proponent 100,000.00 400 ug/Ncm 500 ug/Ncm 600  Identify Check Stop Environment
plant operation pollution: hr High Sensitive through ug/Ncm possible APCD operation al Aspect # 3:
Increase in Volume Receptors as PCO; MMT sources  Investigate if the The Air –
dust provided in including and conduct cause of plant
generation, exceeda operation


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Increase in (A)Gravimet he baseline external site visit nce is

exhaust or ric USEPA in the EIS factor and from the
SOx and NOx 40 CFR,  Check retesting at furnace
emission Part 50 status of the operation
TSP furnace for sampling
any upset station.
operating  Inform MMT
parameters if the
needed the source
of
exceedance
is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
(A) Cost
Pararosanili
ne Method
(West and
Gaeke
Method)
CO2, CH4, Implementation of Reforestation Proponent Part of Operating  Identify Check Stop
and N2O Reforestation and areas Cost possible APCD operation
Emissions Carbon-Sink / sources  Investigate if the
Environmental Aspect # 3: The based on greenhouse gas including and cause of
Greenhouse IPCC 2006 reduction program conduct site exceedan
Air – Operation of Cement plant external
gas emission Guidelines visit and ce is from
Mill factor
and USEPA retesting at the
 Check
Procedure the furnace
status of operation
furnace for


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
any upset sampling

operating station.
parameters  Inform
and have it MMT if the
adjusted as investion
needed found that
the source
of
exceedanc
e is not
caused by
the plant
operation.
 Check
emission of
stack using
PEMS
D. The People SDP Meetings Quarterly Proponent and Part of SDMP Complains Check Updating of Complains Check Updating
LGU Cost from host SDMP SDMP from host SDMP of SDMP
Environmental Aspect # 4 community/i implement community/i implem
es ation es entatio
n
IV. ABANDONMENT PHASE
Environmental Aspect # 1 A. The Land Tree Proponent Part of FMRDP Implementation of FMRDP and appropriate planting and replanting measures
Planting
Environmental Aspect # 2 B. The Water Based on Based on ESA Proponent 30,000 Based on ESA recommendations Based on ESA recommendations
Environmental Aspect # 3 C. The Air the results recommendations thru MEPEO;
of MMT
Environmen
tal Site
Assessment
(ESA) that
will be
conducted
prior to
abandonme
nt


Frequency Location
Potential Parameter
per Project Phase
Environmental Aspect # 4 D. The People Social Plan Separation Proponent Part of FMRDP Demands Check Check Demands Check Check
package Cost from awarding of separation from awarding separation
workers separation package workers of package
packages provisions separatio provisions
n
packages

CHAPTER VII. DECOMMISSIONING/ ABANDONMENT/ REHABILITATION POLICY

The Decommissioning Plan
The decommissioning of this Project will abide by good environmental practices and principles, especially the
management of wastes resulting from the dismantling process. The separate and detailed Abandonment Plan will be
integrated with the Final Mines Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan for the manufacturing plant itself and submitted
to all the government regulatory agencies concerned. By the nature of the project, there are no anticipated residual soil,
water and air contamination with hazardous substances in event of project abandonment.
Project closure will result to the following:
Loss/decrease taxes by the National Government. These taxes are Corporate Income Tax, Excise Tax on Minerals,
Customs Duties, Value Added Tax, Documentary Stamp Tax and Capital Gains Tax. On the local government level, the
following taxes will be affected such as Business Tax, Real Property Tax, Registration Fees, Occupation Fees,
Community Tax and other Local Taxes. Other taxes such as Withholding Taxes on Payroll, Interest Income in Banks
and Stockholders Dividends will likewise be affected.
Loss of financial allocations for approved plans/programs such as the Social Development and Management Plan
(Php5.2M), Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (Php40M) and Final Rehabilitation and
Decommissioning Plan.
Loss of employment. Currently (2009) there are 167 employees of the project excluding the contractors. The closure of
the project will meant loss of income or business opportunities derived from the project such as the transport sector, the
Small-Medium Enterprises like stores, eateries, etc.
Loss of funding for various company supported social work projects such as medical missions, outreach programs,
support to education, etc.
The company proposes a final land use of a stable and revegetated area for the disturbed areas and the conversion of
the support structures to other productive uses such as offices, warehouses, etc. Eventually, the area can become a
residential and/or commercial area.
The selection of the final land use for the Project was based on the following four (4) point criteria.
1st criteria. The naturally occurring hazard in the area that may render it unusable or unfit for other productive land use.
There are no naturally occurring hazards in the area. The area is not traversed by major active faults, it is not located
within typhoon belt, it is not located in steep and landslide prone areas, etc. Hence, the area can be revegetated after
the commercial life of the Project.
2nd Criteria. The level of environmental and social impacts cause by the operation. The environmental impacts of the
project will not render the area unusable after the life of the project. There are no toxic wastes generated by the Project.
It has lesser impact to the environmental considering that it is a non-metallic project. Moreover, the impact area of the
project remains constant throughout the operating life. No additional areas are disturbed. On the social impacts of
operations, the Project provided a positive effect to the host community in particular and to the national government in
general. These are in terms of employments provided, taxes paid, etc. The Project is in operation since 1967, since then,
other industries and residential areas continue to develop near the Project.
3rd Criteria. The expected post-closure operational use of the land. The development of other industries and residential
areas near the project and within the city of Antipolo and town of Teresa as a whole caters well to the proposed final land
use. The proximity of the project to Metro Manila makes it also an ideal for the proposed final land use that could
eventually become a residential and/or commercial area.
4th Criteria. The productivity of the land surrounding the site. The proposed final land use will adapts and fit in with the
surrounding land use of the city of Antipolo, the Municipalities of Teresa and Binangonan. Currently, there are other
quarrying/manufacturing industries and residential areas near the project as well as residential areas and agricultural
lands.
Considering the abovecited criteria, SCC is proposing a five (5) FMRDP. However, if the proposed five (5) year FMRDP
is not sufficient to guarantee the success of rehabilitation as determined during the periodic review of the FMRDP every
two (2) years, SCC commits to amend the FMRDP and provide the necessary financial requirement. Moreover, any

residual care after the implementation of the FMRDP will be shouldered by SCC.
SCC proposed a final land use of a revegetated surface that can later be used for residential and/or commercial purposes.
Most of the surface rights of the project belong to SCC or its subsidiary, Island Quarry and Aggregates Corporation. SCC
regularly consults with the stakeholders. The involvement of stakeholders and regulatory agencies in defining the final
land use increases the probability that the final land use is correct and acceptable. The success indicator for the FMRDP
will be the successful revegetation of the disturbed areas and the acceptance of the stakeholders of the rehabilitation.
Successful revegetation is defined as having a plant survival rate of 80% and self sustaining.

CHAPTER VIII. INSTITUTIONAL PLAN FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction/Rationale
This section provides the instrument required to establish a proactive institutional requirement to guarantee compliance
with environmental regulations and policies and implementation of environmental safeguards and commitments. It is
important to set up capable and competent unit/group with properly defined roles in the process of the monitoring and
evaluation of post EIA requirements and commitments as well as with other environmental regulations. It is important to
identify and provide the group that will implement said requirements for a sustainable project operation.
Function
The Environment Unit/Team is responsible for the environmental performance of the project. It ensures implementation
of the environmental safeguards and controls for the project implementation (for all phases of the project) and is
responsible for overseeing environmental compliance of SCC activities, environmental requirements and regulatory
obligations.
Core Function of the team/unit includes the following:

 Systems and Procedures
 Environmental Safeguards and Implementation
 Government Regulatory Compliance
 Environment Health Safety Program and Awareness
 EHS Program Compliance
Set Up
In many cases, the environmental unit leads the post EIA compliance and implementation process in collaboration with
the other technical team/groups to provide technical support. Figure 9.1 illustrate the institutional framework. There are
no generally applicable, rigid rules, so many variations are possible depending on SCC’s personnel capacities and
structures. Provided in Figure 8.1 below is the EHS Table of Organization.
Roles and Responsibilities

In order to have a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the main actors in the institutional
framework, below provides a brief explanation of the role of the key personnel, the l technical team, and collaborating
units/groups.
Key Personnel Roles and Responsibilities

Pollution Control Officer/ Compliance to environmental regulations & standards; maintenance of
Engineer reports that are submitted to internal and external agencies
Safety Engineer Responsible for implementation of emergency response procedures,

handling of hazardous materials and environmental management systems
and requirements of DOLE on occupational safety and health
CSR and SDP personnel Community relations, design, training and implementation of CSR and SDP
programmes
Following are the functions, roles and responsibilities of each departments:
A. Operations – The operations department is responsible for acquiring the inputs and devising the best grinding plant
operations methods so that value adding occurs in the most efficient and effective way. Thus, the role of operations
management (and the operations manager) is to ensure a smooth production process that contributes to the output
of goods and services of an organization. In additions, following are inherent responsibilities of the Operations
Department:
 Full Plant operations
 Safety and Morale of the Department
 Production / Schedule attainment
 Continuous Improvement
 Leadership and Direction, plant wide
 Customer interface
 Company policy enforcement 860471018
 Production start-up / launch

B. Maintenance
This department is in charge for the schedule and regular inspection, maintenance and repair of equipment.
C. Engineering Support
This Department is in charge of the automation control, optimization, safety and testing of necessary support
needed by the grinding plant.
D. Admin. And Finance

Administrative and Financial Department is a unit to be assigned with various responsibilities concerning
personnel, finance, publications, public relations, conferences, sale of documents and similar administrative
functions; in particular:
1. Personnel affairs;
2. Organization of training of officials and supervision of programs established to that effect;
3. General services including the general register of the staff and services;
4. Rendering consultations to other Departments on organizational matters;
5. Preparation of studies on the administrative organization;
6. Maintaining and auditing the accounts of the Company;
7. Supervision of storage and purchasing;
8. Preparation of the budget;
9. Organization of administrative services for conferences and meetings;
10. Maintaining and organization of the library and the archives as well as their use.
Skills and Competency

Selection of competent and effective personnel comprising the environmental unit will be crucial in the institutional or
organization building. Qualifications for the members may include the following:
 Understanding of environment management, legal regulatory framework, environmental impact assessment and
reporting, and environmental compliance and audit management. Well-versed and familiar with the application of
local laws and regulations on Environmental regulatory compliance.
 Experience in integrated environmental assessment
 Good relationship with the environmental regulatory authority
 capacity to dialogue with different stakeholders from both the public and private sector, and ability to build
consensus on key environmental issues
 Oral and written communication skills; people skills; project coordination; monitoring and audit; scientific research
and development; project planning; policy formulation; and training and facilitation
Ma. Virginia O. Eala

Vice President
Edmundo Trazo - Manager

Environment, Health and Safety
Ron Aries Escaler Rochelle Vicencio

Health and Safety Engineer Environmental Engineer
Kyle Jared Jabines

Superintendent
Ariel Yson
Ernie Vicente
Community
HR Assessor
Relations Officer
Figure 8.1: EHS Table of Organization

CHAPTER IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011
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Other Wildlife Species.
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traditional herbal practitioners. Glimpses from Tanchi upzila of Bandarban. IUCN.
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Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines at Los Banos. 2007.
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except Percussive Piling”
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John A O Ojewole and George Amabeoku. Anticonvulsant effect of Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae) (Avocado) leaf
aqueous extract in mice. Phytotherapy Research. 2006
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streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats. Institutional Repository, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 2008.
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extracts on stress-induced mice. University of San Carlos. 2013.

PAG-ASA, Climate Change in the Philippines (edited), August 15, 2011. PAG-ASA.
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RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.
Republic Act (RA) 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control of 1990).
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Science and Technology, Los Banos, Laguna. 1999.
S R Prasanna Kumar, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq et al. Protective Effect Of Zizyphus Fruit Extract Against
Paracetamol And Thioacetamide Induced Hepatic Damage In Rats. The Internet Journal of Pharmacology. 2009.
Stockholm Environment Institute New Jersey hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, 2008 “Foundation Course on Air Quality
Management in Asia”
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Science & Technology and Engineering, March 2010
The World Bank Group in collaboration with UNEP and UNIDO, 1998 “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook”
Tomas, C. R. 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press, California.

Valiela,I 1984.Marine Ecological Process. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp546.
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US EPA AP-42 5th Edition Version 12
US EPA SCREEN3 Model User’s Guide, September 1995
US EPA Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised, October 1992
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dioxide and sulfur dioxide”
Uy, Mylene M.; Villazorda, Marvelous G. L. The antioxidant properties of the Philippine medicinal plants Cassia sophera
L., Derris elliptica Benth, Ficus minahassea Tesym. and De Vr., Leea aculeata Blume and Leucosyke capitellata Wedd.
2015.

CHAPTER X. ANNEXES
ANNEX A: SEC Registration of Solid Cement Corporation
ANNEX B: Copy of ECCs
ANNEX C: Lease Contract between Solid Cement Corporation and Island Quarry & Aggregates
Corporation
ANNEX D: Water Quality Performance
ANNEX E: HIRAC
ANNEX F: SDMP and IEC
ANNEX G: Public Scoping Report
ANNEX H: Emergency Preparedness and Response
ANNEX I: PEMAPS Questionnaire
ANNEX J: Accountability of Project Proponent
ANNEX K: Accountability of Preparers
ANNEX L: Checklist of Must Requirements
ANNEX M: MGB approved Operating Agreement between SCC and TMC

SCC EPRMP Draft Aug2017 PDF

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SCC EPRMP Draft Aug2017 PDF

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Proposed Expansion of Cement Manufacturing and Quarry Operation Project

Solid Cement Corporation (SCC)

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 1

1.4 Project Component ........................................................................................................... 54

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 2

2.1.2.1 Change in surface Landform / Geomorphology/ Topography/Terrain/Slope ...... 110

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 3

2.3.1.3 Rainfall .................................................................................................................... 202

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 4

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 285

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 5

Summary of Project Description

Provided below is the photograph of the Project site.

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 6

Plate ES1: Panoramic view of the Project Site

A tabulated summary of the Project Description is provided in the table below:

Table ES1.1: Project Description Summary Matrix

The project is bounded by the following coordinates:

Table ES 1.1A: Cement Complex Site Geographical Coordinates of the Farthest

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 7

Table ES1.1B: Pamias 2 Quarry Area

MPSA-124 (Pamias 2) After New MOA

Table ES1.1C: Pantay Quarry Area

MPSA-116-98 (Pantay Quarry)

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 8

11 14 36 1.7 121 13 36.4

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 9

Cement Mill 1 60 MTPH 60 MTPH

Environmental Safeguards and Management

Water Quality Monitoring Conducted by a 3rd Party Service provider on a Same

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 10

Residual waste are contained on specific bins and

Hazardous waste is properly contained. Used oil,

Manpower During construction, we estimate a manpower requirement of up to more

Project Engr. Normandy A. Chan

Engr. Alberto A. Afable

EIA Team MEDIATRIX BUSINESS CONSULTANCY

Matilde J. Fernando, LL.B., Project Manager and EIA Team Leader

EIA Team of Preparers

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 11

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 12

The Map of the Impact Areas is provided in Figure ES 2.

Module EIA Methodology, sampling, tools

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 13

Land Use & Classification

Identify and assess specific impacts of the project activities guided by

Relate discussions to estimated GHG emissions and possible carbon

Assessment should include comparison of the baseline data (pre -

Heavy metals (baseline and modeling) apply to selected processing

Discussed how the project would affect the delivery of basic

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 14

On the other hand, the approved Environmental Protection and Enhancement

For the implementation of the Social Development and Management Program

Summary of alternatives considered in terms of siting, technology selection/operation

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 15

Summary of Key Environmental Impacts and Management & Monitoring Plan

Water sampling is regularly conducted for Kaynaog upstream and

The comparison of the results and trending of performance is show

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 16

of the Social Development and Management Program of SCC will continue.

In 2007, the city registered a total revenue of ₱993.1 million, an increase of

Over-all, with the expansion project, consumption of the following utilities

An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) 17