Project work of Computer science 2076

Kalopul, Kathmandu

A practical Work of
Computer Science Grade:
XI

Affiliated Under NEB

Project work submitted for the partial fulfillment of 10+2 program

For Grade 11 in Computer Science For NEB

Final Practical Examination 2072.
Project Prepared By: External Examiner:
Name:
Name: Rosan Yadhav
…………………………….
Symbol No:…………………. Signature:……………………… Letter
Reg. No:……………………… Date:……………………………...

Stream: Science Internal Examiner:

of
Shift: Morning Name:…………………………..

Section:SM6 Signature:…………………

Certification
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This is to certify that Mr./Mrs RosanYadav

Students of Xavier International College grade XI has sincerely
performed their lab work and actively participates in the
preparation of the project report under our suspension and
guidance based on computer science.

We will further support them in Computer activities and wish for their
success in the future.

Signature:………………………………………….
Department of Computer Science
(Mr. Prakash Khadka)
Date:

Acknowledgement
We must take this opportunity to acknowledge our sincerely
gratitude to the Xavier International Collegefor providing this
type of quality education in the field of computer science
which help student to broaden the concept of computer
Science.

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In addition, we would like to give a word of thanks to Mr.

Prakash Khadka and rest of the entire faculty member of
Computer Science of Xavier International College, who
encouraged us to perform various computer activities.

THANK YOU

Contents

MICROSOFT WORD.................................................................................................................................................4

MICROSOFT EXCEL...................................................................................................................................................5

MS POWERPOINT....................................................................................................................................................7

INTERNET AND EMAIL.............................................................................................................................................8

HTML.....................................................................................................................................................................13

SOURCE CODE:......................................................................................................................................................17

SCREENSHOTS:......................................................................................................................................................19

CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................................20

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REFERENCE:...........................................................................................................................................................21

MICROSOFT WORD
1) What is word processor? Write its features and examples.
A word processor is a computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting and output of text,
often with some additional features.
Some features are:
1. It is used for inserting symbols, objects, word art, clip art, graphics, etc.
2. It is used for creating, saving and closing, printing a documents.
3. It is used for sending multiple mails by using mail merge tool.
4. It is used for formatting text, paragraphs, table and page.
5. It is used for automating the work by using macros.
6. It is used for drawing pictures, charts and graphs.
7. It is used for working with text boxes and frames.
8. It is used for checking spelling and thesaurus. Eg -Ms-word, Word Perfect

2) What is document or paragraph formatting?

Explain it in detail.
Paragraph formatting is a change in the format of text that affects an entire paragraph or is different from
other paragraphs in a document. Paragraph formatting is done in following ways:
Paragraph alignment: -Paragraph alignment determines how the lines in a paragraph appear in relation to
the left and right margins. The margin is the blank space between the edge of the paper and where the
text. The easiest way to change paragraph alignment is to use the alignment buttons on the Formatting

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toolbar. You can also use keyboard shortcuts. Ctrl+L= Left Align; Ctrl+R= Right Align; Ctrl+E= Center; Ctrl+J=
Justify.
Line and paragraph spacing: -Line space is the amount of vertical space between lines of text in a
paragraph. Line spacing is typically based on the height of the characters, but you can change it to a
specific value. For example, some paragraphs may be single spaced and some double-spaced.
Singlespacing is Word’s default setting. Paragraph space is the amount of space above or below a
paragraph. Instead of pressing Enter multiple times to increase space between paragraphs, you can set
specific amount of space before or after paragraphs.

3)What is mail-merge? Explain its steps.

Mail Merge is a powerful tool for writing a personalized letter or E-mail to many people at the same time. It
imports data from another source such as Excel and then uses that to replace placeholders throughout our
message with the relevant information for each individual we are messaging.
Steps for mail merging are: 1) Start word
i) A blank document opens by default. Leave it open. If close it, the commands in the next step are not
available.
ii) On the mailing tab, in the Start Mail Merging group, click Start Merge.
iii) Click the type of document that you want to create.
Eg: A set of envelopes, A set of form letters etc.
MICROSOFT EXCEL
1.What is spresdsheet package? writes its features with examples.
A spreadsheet program is a program that lets users enter data in a two-dimensional grid of individual cells.
They're commonly used for storing data in a simple database and for financial and numerical calculations.One
of the first spreadsheet programs was VisiCalc, released for Apple computers in 1979. It helped show how
personal computers could be useful as business tools rather than just for hobbyists to play with. Later popular
spreadsheets include today's Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, as well as other programs previously popular,
especially 1980s favorite Lotus 1-2-3.

 Its features are as follows:

i. Spreadsheets provide more than just the ability to enter data in a particular grid-based format.

ii. They generally provide powerful support for mathematical formulas, essentially a miniature programming
language that skilled users can harness to perform calculations based on entered numeric data. Excel
formulas are widely used in the financial industry for various types of mathematical modeling.

iii. Spreadsheets are also versatile in terms of allowing people to enter data essentially where they want in
ways that make sense to them. While it's often useful to group like data together in columns and
associated data in rows, that's not mandatory, and spreadsheets can contain headers, notes and other
information where people want to put it.

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Some of the examples of spreadsheet are: Google Sheets - (online and free), Work Numbers - Apple
Office Suite , LibreOffice -> Calc (free) , Lotus 1-2-3 (discontinued)

1. What is cell and cell address? Explain the types of cell

referencing(addressing).
A cell is the intersection between a row and a column on a spreadsheet that starts with cell A1.
A cell reference, or cell address, is an alphanumeric value used to identify a specific cell in a spreadsheet.
Each cell reference contains one or more letters followed by a number. The letter or letters identify the
column and the number represents the row.
There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. Relative and absolute references behave
differently when copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to
another cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant, no matter where they are copied. i.
Relative References: By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple
cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if you copy the
formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2. Relative references are especially
convenient whenever you need to repeat the same calculation across multiple rows or columns.

ii. Absolute References: There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when filling
cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an
absolute reference to keep a row and/or column constant.An absolute reference is designated in a formula by
the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the column reference, the row reference, or both.

2. Explain workbook and woorksheet.

1.A worksheet or sheet is a single page in a file created with an electronic spreadsheet program such as
Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.A worksheet is used to store, manipulate, and display data.The basic
storage unit for data in a worksheet is a rectangular-shaped cell arranged in a grid pattern in every
worksheet. Individual cells of data are identified and organized using the vertical column letters and
horizontal row numbers of a worksheet which create a cell reference, such as A1, D15, or Z467.

 Worksheet specifications for current versions of Excel include:

a. 1,048,576 rows per worksheet

b. 16,384 columns per worksheet

c. 17,179,869,184 cells per worksheet

d. Limited number of sheets per file based on the amount of memory available on the computer

 For Google Sheets:

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e. 256 columns per sheet

f. 400,000 cells for all worksheets in a file

g. 200 worksheets per spreadsheet file

1.A workbook is the name given to an Excel file and contains one or more worksheets. When you open an
electronic spreadsheet program it loads an empty workbook file consisting of one or more blank worksheets
for you to use.  Detail about workbook are:

a. Add worksheets to a workbook using the context menu or the New Sheet/Add Sheet icon (+) next to the
current sheet tabs.

b. Delete or hide individual worksheets in a workbook.

c. Rename individual worksheets and change worksheet tab colors to make it easier to identify individual
sheets in a workbook using the context menu.

d. Change from one worksheet to another in a workbook by clicking the sheet tab at the bottom of the
screen.
MS POWERPOINT
1.What is presentation software? Writes its features with examples.
Add worksheets to a workbook using the context menu or the New Sheet/Add Sheet icon (+) next to the
current sheet tabs.Delete or hide individual worksheets in a workbook.Rename individual worksheets and
change worksheet tab colors to make it easier to identify individual sheets in a workbook using the context
menu.Change from one worksheet to another in a workbook by clicking the sheet tab at the bottom of the
screen.Some feautures of presentation software are as faoolws:

• Slides that can contain any mixture of text, images, video, animations, links and sound.

• Animation effects that allow the various elements on each slide to appear after a certain amount of time
or when a presenter presses a button.

• Slide master – this allows the style (font, font size, background etc) to be set once and then used
throughout the presentation.

• Transitions – this is how the presentation software “moves” the display of one slide to another.
Transitions usually include dissolving from one slide to the next or the current slide being moved in some
way to show the next slide as though it was underneath.

• Slide notes – when these are used the presenter will see the current slide and any notes associated with it
on his/her display and the audience will see just the slide on another screen or from a projector.

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The most prominent example of presentation software is Microsoft PowerPoint. Other examples include Apple
Keynote, OpenOffice Impress, Corel Presentations, Adobe Persuasion, Flowboard, Kingsoft Presentation and Prezi.

Internet and Email

1)What is internet? Write the uses of internet?

Internet is the network of networks. Millions of computes all over the world are connected through the
Imternet. Computer user on internet can contact with one another anywhere in the world. he Internet is
the global system of interconnected computer network that uses the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as
the inter-linked hyper documents and application of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail,
telephony, and file sharing.
The uses of internet are given bellow:
• Online communication: computer users around the world to communicate with each other
extensively use the e-mail service on the Internet today.
• Feedback about products: commercial organizations are also using the Internet to gather
information about users satisfaction of existing products, market opportunities of new products.
• Product promotions: Several commercial organization are effectively using the Internet service for
promoting their products.
• Customer support service : Many organizations are also using the internet to provide timely
customer support.
• on-line shopping: The internet has also facilitated that introduction of a new market concept
which consists of virtual shops. These shops remain open 20 hours all the year round, and are
accessible to purchases all around the world.
• On-line journals and magazine: There are many www sites on the internet, which consist and are
accessible to purchases all around the world.

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• Real time updates: It helps to provide news and other happenings that may be on-going in
different parts o the world bit with the use of internet we come to know about it very easily and
without any difficulty. There are various websites on the internet which provides you with and
without any difficulties.
• Research: In order to do research we need to go through hundreds of books as well as the
reference and that was one of the most difficult jobs to do earlier. Since the Internet came into
life, everything is available just a click away. User just has to search for the concerned topic and
will get hundreds of reference that may be beneficial a large amount of people from the research
work that have been done.
• Education : Education is one of the best things that the internet can provide. There are a numbers
of books, reference books, online help centers, expert views and other study oriented material on
the internet that can make the learning process very easier as well as fun learning experience.
• Entertainment : Internet is also used for entertainment. Such as, chatting with friends, sharing
videos, watching movies, listening music, live telecast of sports and other events, playing games
etc.

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1. What is email? Explain its types.

Email (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. Email
messages are usually encoded in American Standard Code for Information Interchange text. However, you
can also send non-text files -- such as graphic images and sound files -- as attachments sent in binary
streams. Email was one of the first activities performed over the internet and is still the most popular use.
A large percentage of the total traffic over the internet is email. Email can also be exchanged between
online service provider users and in networks other than the internet, both public and private.

Types of email are given bellow:

• Web based Email: It refers as service, which is operated using browser. User can send or receive E-
mails by using the browser. Such E-mails can be accessed anywhere throughout the world. First of all
the user must be authenticated then user is allowed access the service of E-mail through webpage. E-
mail providers like Hotmail.com, yahoo.com, gmail.com, rediffmail.com, etc are providing web based e-
mail.
• POP E-mail: It stands for Post Office Protocol. POP email is accessed using E-mail client software.
Software like Outlook express, Kmail, Eudora mail etc. are used for sending and receiving E-mails.
To use POP E-mail accounts, one has to register for it. This type of service is generally provided bt
the local ISP. They also provide username, password as well as the protocol to access E-mail.

2. Explain the positive and negative impact of internet on social life.

Internet is the connection of million of computer. It is also known as a sea of the data source where the
user can take any data by searching. Internet makes positive and negative impact into us. Some of the
negative and positive impacts are giving bellow:
 Positive Impacts:
The positive impacts of Internet to the society, organization, and individual are:
 Faster, cheaper and easier medium of communication.
 Information sharing and browsing.
 File transfer facility.
 Research to the world wide viewers.
 Effective, easier, faster and cheaper promotion of product or service.
 Better customer support and customer relationship management(CRM).
 Online service like banking, shopping, education etc.
 E-mail communication for sending and receiving electronic document.
 Effective supply chain management (SCM).
 Enhanced collaboration between different organizations.

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 Electronic payment system using credit/debit cards, ATM online payment, electronic cheque,
smart card, electronic purse.
 Creation of new job opportunities related with Internet.
 Remote access to use computer in remote location.
 Source for entertainment.

 Negative Impact:
The negative impacts of Internet to the society, organization, and individual are:
 It is the most common medium for spreading malicious software like virus, worm etc.
 It has increased piracy.
 Pornography (uploading, published, viewing sexual contents in form of text, image, audio and
video)
 Stealing modifying or destruction data.
 Piracy of software, audio, videos or other intellectual contents.
 Hacking of organization system, website, database etc.
 It is also used to harass people by sending insulting comments, making vulgar cartoons,
blackmailing etc.
 Unemployment problem for the individuals not having knowledge about Internet.
 It has increased digital divide.

3. Write short notes on:

 WWW
The WWW is one of the important components that moved the Internet form scientists and research
organizations to people’s homes. It offers smooth and easily to use graphical interface to access
information available on Internet. It is the collection of linked documents or pages, stored on millions
of computers and distributed across the world.
The WWW is distributed file management system with programs to access and send information. The
terms Internet and WWW which is a service of Interne, are many times used interchangeably.
However, these are both different – WWW is a body of information, while the Internet refers to
physical structure of global networks. WWW is a collection of boundless information that uses Internet
to be accessible worldwide.

 HTML
HTML is Hyper Text Mark Up Language which is text markup language used to create HTML
documents (web pages) for the Internet. HTML is a set of logical codes or tags(markup) that are used

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to define the web browser how to present the information in the web page. It can be applied and
embedded in text to add formatting, linking that constitute the appearance of the Web browser is
software that runs on the web client and it interprets HTML, tags to display the contents of the web
pages. HTML is platform independent language. It is not a programming language like c, c++, java and
BASIC. Basically, it is a set of makeup language tags that tells the browser how to display the Web
page content.
Some popular markup languages are DHTML, SGML, XHTML, XML etc. Team Berners Lee developed
HTML in 1990 at CERN the European particle physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1994
September, World Wide Web consortium (W3C) was formed and this is the body, which controls the
HTML standards at present.

 POP
Post Office Protocol (POP) is a type of computer networking and Internet standard protocol that
extracts and retrieves email from a remote mail server for access by the host machine. POP is an
application layer protocol in the OSI model that provides end users the ability to fetch and receive
email. Pop is short for point of presence, an access point to the internet. ISPs have typically multiple
POPs. A point of presence is a physical location, either part of the facilities of a telecommunications
provider that the ISP rents or a separate location from the telecommunications provider, that houses
servers, router, ATM switches and digital/analog call aggregators.
There are two versions of POP. The first, called POP2, became a standard in the mid-80's and requires
SMTP to send messages. The newer version, POP3, can be used with or without SMTP.

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HTML
What is HTML? Write the features of HTML?
HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the primary markup language used to structure
content on the web. Every single web page on the internet has at least some HTML markup included in its
source code, and most websites are comprised of many HTML or HTML files. The language rules that
HTML follows describe to a web browser how to display the text that makes up the web page. Without
HTML to structure the content on the page, the text would appear formless, without the color, tables,
formatting, lists, and headings that make it easier to read Knowing what HTML is, how it came to exist,
and how the markup language is constructed shows the amazing versatility of this basic website
architecture and how it continues to be a major part of how we view the web.

It is developed by Teem Berber Lee in 1990 at CERN (Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire) the
European Particle Physic Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1993 September, World Wide Web was
formed and this is the body, which controls the HTML standards at present.

The features of HTML are given bellow:

 Platform independent language.

 It is not case sensitive language.
 Title, Lists, Paragraph, etc.
 Controls fonts, colors, positioning using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
 We can build tables.
 Easy to learn and to code.

Explain the basic structure of HTML with example.

HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the primary markup language used to structure
content on the web. Every single web page on the internet has at least some HTML markup included in its
source code, and most websites are comprised of many HTML or HTML files. There are different types of
tags i.e. singular tags, paired tags, meta tags,

The basic structure of HTML is described bellow:

The document is mainly divided into two sections, viz. head section and body section.

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<HTML>:This is used as first tag of any web page which signifies that it is beginning of the web pages or
HTML document. It is paired tag its open tag is <HTML> and closed tag is </HTML>.

<HEAD> = This tag defines the beginning and end of Header section </HEAD>.

</TITLE> = This tag gives a description title to a document. The HTML 4.0 for many good reasons
requires use of the <TITLE> tag. Title shows up in the Web browser windows, title bar, bookmark and
history listings. In each of these cases, one provides an important reader service when one specifies a title,
because the Web browser will display just the URL documents. The remaining HTML elements are
contained within </BODY>

<BODY> = This tag recognizes the beginning and end of the Body section.

Fig.1 html

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Explain about <img>, <table> tags in detail.

Tag are used for alert the appearance or format of the text are known as formatting tags. They are detailed
explained bellow :

<img> = Insert an image on the web page is implemented by using this tag. It is used by starting
<IMG> and closing <IMG>. Along with the <IMG> tag, it must contain an attribute SRC which
express the URL or location of the image file. SRC contains complete image name along with its
extension (eg.compter.jpg). if the image is not in same location of HTML file, complete path has
to be specified (eg. C:/Image/computer.jpg).

In addition to the RC attribute, there are other attributes which are given bellow:

ALT: This is a text field that describe an image or acts as a label; it is displayed when people turn
the graphics off their browsers, or when they position the cursor over a graphic image.

ALIGN: This allows aligning an image on the web page having options like buttons, middle ,top ,
left, etc.

WIDTH: It ecpress the width of an image in pixels. The value of a width hcan be omitted.

HEIGHT: It express the height of an image in pixel. The value of width can be omitted.

BORDER: It is for the border around the image, specified in pixels. If image is being used in
anchor tag <a></a> then it will give border with value 1 by default so to hide the border this
attribute is used, to set the border value to zero.

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<table> :It is a tag used to create a table. Its opening tag is <table> and closing tag is </table>.

Some of the tag of the table are given bellow:

Name of element Opening Tag – Closing Tag

Table Row <TR>………….</TR>

Table Heading <TH>………….</TH>

Table Data <TD>…………</TD>

Caption <CAPTION>……………</CAPTION>

Table.no 1.

Some attributes of tables are given bellow:

BGCOLOR:some browsers’ supports background color in the table. The color selected will be expressed as
a r (red) , g (green>, b (blue) format.

WIDTH: one can specify the table width as an absolute number of pixels or percentage of the document
width. The width corresponds to the WIDTH attribute of the TABLE element.

BORDER: The lines that form the boundary of each table cell when the table is displaced in a browser in
border attributes. One can choose a numerical value for the border width, which specifies the border in
pixels. A setting of BORDER = “0” will make the border disappear.

CELLSPCING: CELL spacing represents the space between cells in pixels.

CELLPADDING: cell padding is the space between the cell border and the cell contents in pixels.

ALIGN: Table can have left, right or center alignment.

BACKGROUND: This attribute will set the background image of the table.

BORDERCOLOR: The attributes will set the color outline to a border of a cell.

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Source Code:

<html>

<head>

<title>Cricket</title>

</head>

<body bgcolor="Black">

<font color="White">

<center><H1><font color="White">Cricket</H1></center>

<img src="cricket.jpg" height="360" width="500" align="Left">

<table align="center" bgcolor="Green">

<tr>

<td>Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field<br> at the
centre of which is a 20-metre (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each end, each <br> comprising two bails balanced
on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking<br> the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the
bowling and fielding side tries to<br>prevent this and dismiss each player (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal
include being<br> bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side
<br>catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players<br> have been
dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated <br>by two umpires, aided by a
third umpire and match referee in international matches.<br> They communicate with two off-field scorers who
record the match's statistical information.<br>

<br>

There are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with each team <br>batting
for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five days with<br> unlimited overs and the teams
each batting for two innings of unlimited length.<br> Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited
overs cricket they wear <br>club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective
gear<br> to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed <br>leather
with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core which is layered with tightly wound string.<br><br>

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</td>

</tr>

</table>

Historically, cricket's origins are uncertain and the earliest definite reference is in south-east England in the
middle of the 16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first
international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International
Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The
game's rules are held in a code called the Laws of Cricket which is owned and maintained by Marylebone Cricket
Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United
Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies, its globalisation occurring during the expansion of the British
Empire and remaining popular into the 21st century.[1] Women's cricket, which is organised and played
separately, has also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing international cricket is
Australia, which has won seven One Day International trophies, including five World Cups, more than any other
country and has been the top-rated Test side more than any other country.

</font>

</body>

</html>

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SCREENSHOTS:

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Conclusion
This project includes detail information about MS Word, Power-point, Excel, presentation software and HTML. It
covers the area such as definition, process, features, merits and demerits of the applications. Through the project,
I came to know about HTML code and its utilization in designing web page. I have also included the importance
and misuse of internet in our daily life. Overall, it has broaden my knowledge about different kinds of software
used in computer.

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Reference:
1) Computer Book

2) https://www.w3schools.com

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