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About Eve", "My Name is Sam soon", Stairway to Heaven", "Jewel in the Palace" and

"Endless Love" according to Joey Abacan, GMA Network vice president for Program

Management. ABS-CBN, for its part, has aired a number of Koreanovelas. Abacan says Filipinos

Love Koreanovelas because they can relate to the stories (Hicap, 2019).

Many researchers have search for resources of the gender relations through different

ways, as an example, love fictions, comics, songs, books and advertising. In Taiwan, research

had been led by a guide to find out the cause of young girls reading love fictions and investigate

the effects to the readers (Dailing, 2003) while there are research managed to find out the

influences of love comics towards the behaviour and love attitude of young girls (Su Shi，1994).

By the impact of Korean drama to the viewers as it gets the dominant attention to

everyone, people want to follow the trend and relate to anyone so they cannot be out of place.

The strong characterization and positive image of Korean's cultural phenomenon had a strong

impact on the future behavior of a person and by that it also states that Korean perception and art

has the ability to influence everyone by its strong and powerful significance to others which

turns to manipulate and change the mindset of the viewers towards the environment that they

witnessed on screen (Bai, 2015).

However, there are little researches doing on the TV drama which may affect the attitude

of adolescents. It brings the understanding of a specific cause and effect to the paper conducting

the research on investigating the behavior and love attitudes of adolescents. The adolescents will

not only be affected by the stories of the TV dramas, but they will also be easily influenced by

the surrounding environment such as the family situation, sex and age. (Morley, 1986) It gives an

1
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understanding cause to the paper and tries to find out whether Korean drama will play an

important role on adolescent’s attitude towards love. Given the popularity of Korean Drama in

the Philippines specially teenagers, the main objective of this study is to determine if Korean

drama has influence to teenager’s romantic perception. In addition, we would like to know more

about the rise and the dominance of Korean Drama among teenagers.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The theoretical framework will be anchored on Cultivation Theory by Gerbner (1969)

which focuses on television viewing and its long-term influences on the attitudes rather than

behaviors of viewers (Chandler, 1995). According to the theory, people who watch television

very often are more likely to be affected by the messages that came from the television. Because

of this, some people change their view about the world and their perceptions start reflecting what

they watched or heard in the television. Mainstreaming suggests that exposure on television

might set aside others perspective that might result from personal experiences.

In an examination venture named "Towards 'Social Indicators': the investigation of Mass

Mediated Public Message Systems", Gerbner and his partners place the significance of looking at

broad communications and its long-haul effects of on people (Potter 1993). They allude the

expression "development" as "the autonomous commitments TV survey makes to watcher's

originations of social reality" (Gerbner et al 1994, pp.23). It depicts the more diffuse effects of

intervened items which may shape media customers' recognitions through enormous presentation

to its messages after some time (Potter 1993). Other than that, TV has an extraordinary capacity

in the arrangement of philosophies and data using enhanced visualizations. Audience members,
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in this way, are presented to the broadcast messages both by observing and hearing (Bohn and

Short 2009). Accordingly, they are bound to be commanded by the belief systems originating

from TV's project.

Figure 1. Model of Theoretical Framework

Figure 1 shows that shows the summary and forum, which illustrates the flow of

Cultivation Theory. Gerbner and Gross (1976) said that television is a medium of the

socialization of most people into standardized roles and behaviors. Its function is in a word,

enculturation. Gerbner made attention in public. Though most researchers tend to focus on

television as it is the most common form of media consumption in the world, Cultivation Theory

has been shown to encompass many different forms of media, such as newspapers, film, and

even photographs. This can apply anytime social observation occurs in any form outside a

natural environment.

Operational Framework
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The operational framework will be anchored on Cultivation Theory by Gerbner (1969)

which explains that prolonged watching of television will affect people. It will affect the people

in a way that they change their views about the world and their perception start reflecting on

what they have seen or heard in the television.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Respondents’ Profile
Perceived Influence of Korean
 Age Drama
 Gender
 Relationship Status  Expectation
 Duration of watching  Style
 Romantic Relationship
Korean Drama
 Frequency of watching
Korean Drama

Figure 2. Operational model showing the relationship of the variables

Figure 2 shows the operational model between the relationship among variables. First the

independent variable that the respondents’ profile will be described in terms of age, gender,

relationship status, duration of watching Korean Drama and the frequency of watching Korean

Drama. Next, the dependent variable, perceived influence of Korean Drama will be described in

terms of expectations, style and romantic relationship. Lastly, the researchers will determine the

relationship between the respondents profile and the perceived influence of Korean drama.

Statement of the Problem

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The study aims to determine the influence of the Korean drama to romantic

perception to Filipino teenagers.

Specifically, it will answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 relationship status;

1.4 duration of watching Korean drama, and;

1.5 frequency of watching Korean drama?

2. What is the perceived influence of Korean Drama to the respondents’ romantic perception in

terms of:

2.1 expectation;

2.2 style, and;

2.3 romantic relationship?

3. Is there a significant difference in the perceived influence of Korean Drama to the

respondents’ romantic perception when grouped according to their profile variables?

Hypothesis of the Study

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To answer the main problem, the researchers will test the following hypothesis at 0.05

level of significance:

H0 = There is no significant difference in the perceived influence of Korean Drama to the

respondents’ romantic perception when grouped according to their profile variables.

Assumptions of the Study

The researchers will base this study on the following assumptions:

1. Korean Dramas are very popular among teenagers.

2. The media affect the teenagers’ perception in life.

3. Watching a minimum of three Korean Drama series is enough qualification for the

researchers to determine the impact of Korean Drama for teenagers’ romantic perception.

4. The teenagers are honest in answering the survey questionnaire.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on how Korean drama watching influences the teenagers’ romantic

perception. The profile of the respondents will cover age, gender, relationship status, duration of

watching Korean Drama and frequency of watching Korean Drama. How Korean Drama

contribute in the romantic perception of teenagers will be described in terms of expectation, style

and romantic relationship.

The respondents of the study will consist of 100 Filipino teenagers who have been

watching at least three Korean drama series.

Significance of the Study

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This study will aim to measure if there is a significant relationship between the influences

of watching Korean Drama to a teenagers’ romantic perception, review related studies, bridge

the existing gap, and to add more statistics about the rise of Korean Drama in the Philippines.

The findings of this study can be of great significance to the following:

This study would benefit the teenagers because Korean Dramas successfully create

emotional connections. Characters are developed and brought through trials and tribulations in

such a way that the audience relates to the characters and feels the same emotions.

This study could assist the parents that there is a reason on why they spend their time

watching Korean Drama. Knowing that Korean Drama is popular nowadays, this study would

enable them on how to approach them in order to understand their frequency of watching of

Korean Drama.

This study could benefit the TV networks in terms of viewer satisfaction. This study

would be helpful to them in order to attain a high percentage of viewership in their networks and

to know if Korean Drama is a must watched content.

The study conducted could be of great benefit to the researchers as it could give

additional knowledge related to the topic. It might likewise help them in further improving their

capability of doing research and give them a more profound mastery and acknowledgement for

research.
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The findings of this study could encourage future researchers to search more on studies

related to this topic. They could use the data and the result of this study as a basis on how they

would approach their study.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of this paper, the following terms to be used in this study are

defined conceptually and operationally:

Influence the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone

or something, or the effect itself. In this quantitative inquiry, influence is the ability to have an

impact to a person.

Korean relating to North or South Korea or its people or language. In this study, Korean refers

to Korean people.

Drama a type of a play written for theater, television, radio, and film. In simple words, a drama

is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in pantomime or dialogue. In this probe, it is

a genre of television show.

Korean Drama refers to televised dramas in Korean language, made in South Korea, mostly in a

miniseries format, with distinctive features that set it apart from regular Western television series

or soap operas. In this quantitative inquiry, Korean drama has a cute concept and Filipinos like to

watch it.
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Filipino relating to the Philippines, the Filipinos, or their language. The word Filipino in this

study refers to the people of the Philippines

Teenager the process of developing from a child into an adult. Theoretically, people that most

exposed in watching k dramas that from the generation Z watching scene in every series.

Romantic conducive to or characterized by the expression of love. The word romantic in this

study is used to take a liking to a person.

Perception the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.

Theoretically, it is the capacity to understand.

Romantic Perception consisting of or resembling a romance with intuitive understanding. In

this probe, it is the capacity to understand what you like about a person’s qualities.

Profile describe a person in a short article. In this study, the respondents’ profile will be

described in terms of age, gender, relationship status, duration and frequency of watching Korean

Drama.

Age the length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed. In this study, it refers to

ages 13 to 19 years old.

Gender either of the two sexes (male and female), especially when considered with reference to

social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. This word is used to connote the state

of being male or female of the respondents.

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Relationship status that describe a person's relationship with a significant other. Married, single,

divorced, and widowed are examples of such status and sometimes may be a source of

discrimination. In this research, it refers if a respondent is single or in a relationship.

Duration the time during which something continues. In this study, the researchers will use the

word to measure the span of time that the respondents consume while watching Korean Drama.

Frequency the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or

in a given sample. Operationally, this refers to the amount of watching Korean Drama in a period

of time.

Expectation a belief that someone will or should achieve something. The word expectation in

this study is the assumption of the people an individual like.

Style a manner of doing something. The researchers will use the word to describe how the

person likes to dress or wear.

Romantic relationship usually means the two people involved are intimate with each other.

This word is used to know how much the person would like each other.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the related literature which substantiate and support the details of

this comprehensive study. It also provides a synthesis of the reviewed related literature and a

discussion of the gaps to be bridged by this research.

State of the Art

The researchers presented both local and foreign literature and studies to provide a

comprehensive background of the problem under study. Concepts, findings, theories, and notions

from scholarly researches and articles presented may later be fortified, negated, or improved by

the additional knowledge that this study will provide.

Origin of Korean Drama

Korean dramas are televised dramas made in South Korea, they are usually made in a

mini-series format more often 8-24 episodes and the subject can be contemporary such as

comedy, romance, action, science fiction, medical, or historical also known as Sageuk. Korean
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Dramas was being broadcast way back 1960s (Hong, 2014). According to Hyoon (2018), During

the year of 1927, under the fall of colonization of the Japanese, it came on a fresh start with the

statistics of 70 percent Japanese programs and half of it which is 30% falls under Korean. The

year 1957, with the start of testing an experimental station called HLKZ - TV, it marked the

history by airing 'Gate of Heaven' as the first Korean program aired on that station but suddenly

cause to fire that it needs to be shut down. 1962 was the year of producing the first pure Korean

drama series 'Backstreet of Seoul'. The way of giving recognitions to Korean drama series is to

being aired in National Television Channels in South Korea, such as the first Korean drama

Chanel which is KBS or Korean Broadcasting System, SBS or Soul Broadcasting System and

MBS or Munhwa Broadcasting System. Gate of Heaven one of the most remarkable series and

Backstreet of the Soul the first show aired by KBS in the year 1962. By the beginning of the 70s,

historical dramas was completely being on aired, First Land was the first Historical series ever

showed in Korean TVs, the 1990s decade was full of series related to dramas, the 2000s was a

huge decade for recognizing Korean drama's as it gives all the recognitions that is being spread

out through countries (Hong, 2014).

According to Kalbi (2016), at the time of the early beginnings of broadcasting Korean

Drama, television was a high component of luxury and expensiveness to every household that

only rich can afford and the shows was strictly controlled by the government. Majority of the

Korean Drama shows back then were for educational purposes to the public viewers and to

support the military government. “Backstreet of Seoul” the first Korean drama show aired in the

year 1962 was more about preaching’s of built up city than sense of entertainment. “Real

theatre” two decades of being aired on television between 1964 until 1985 was a mechanism of
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anti-communism of the government. In the 1970’s, TV dramas on this decade effortly producing

and promoting Korean Drama shows as Koreans starting to have television from their home, the

plot of the story were usually more about the ordinary lives of the Koreans than by political

programs, example of this is “Assi” & “Yeoro” the characters continuing their complicated lives

despite of the impact of the Japanese colonialism and dictatorship with the addition of War of the

Koreans. The Korean Series “Sisa Banjang” or the “Chief Detective” which aired around 1971 to

1989 that makes changes into the society, before the late times of its era the dramatical concept

was about lot of crimes, killings and gangsterism connected to the effect of poverty, but when the

1980s comes, the drama showed sensitive and accurate dilemmas that affects people’s way of

living. However, with the uprising estimable population of watching Korean Dramas, the

military government still controls the contentment of the viewers and demanded to show more

on-air news, beneficial and knowledgeable programs to TV networks. Different Korean Drama

genre became more prominent and greater in the 1980’s, Korean dramas rising influence by the

works of Japanese Dramas, the new techniques of essential Korean storylines, the tv networks

shows love story's and possible root genres of drama to be pleased by young viewers. "Love &

Ambition" aired in the year 1987 was the most significant Korean drama of the decade that time.

History was also placed in Korean TV shows also called "Sageuk" ( 사 극 ) showing the real

events of historical periods about persons which is in a high authority such as kings and prince.

The decade of 1990s that the fast opposition on every TV network became more stronger with

the new ideas of varieties of Korean Drama shows and the slowly fading of strict rules came

from the government's regulations that came through sponsoring bunch of new Korean Drama

ideas.
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Korean Series such as Eyes of Dawn, Jealousy and Sandglass were the examples of

significant and important Korean series in that era. When 2000s comes the uprising online video

sites and social communication by the use of technology in modern times became convenient as

Korean Dramas was paid more and increases its audience larger all over the countries with

accessible sites. By the case of domination of Korean Dramas online, more contemporary series

were filmed in different countries with great locations with gorgeous people and attractive

clothes. Hollywood type of movies such as gun fights and more actions scenes were adopted by

the series of Korean Dramas like “Iris” (아이리스) and “Athena: Goddess of War”. The 2000s

according to Hyoon (2018), the domination of Korean Wave by making more popular romantic

Korean dramas, those series became a massive hit gaining audience and fans around the world,

Winter Sonata (2002) and Full House (2004) are the examples of those. 2010s: The Global

recognition and promotion by the help of technology keeps increasing and growing, some

notable notes are Goblin (2014) and Descendants of the Sun (2016). These decades are the most

prominent success of Korean Drama series as it travels and exports abroad even in far countries

like Peru and Ecuador from South America, this is called Korean Wave which shows an original

concept of Korean Drama, before setting the series it is half presenting the cultural aspects of

Korea's country especially the religion, it's being showed interestingly on screen (Chang and Lee,

2017).

The term Korean Wave is an extensive word to describe the uprising universal success of

South Koreans culture especially the TV series, the said wave was first and originally made by

Chinese to indicate the prominent recognition of Korean Dramas in 1998 to 1999 (Hyu, 2018).
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Korean Drama was respectably identified for over two decades, and has been transported by the

globalization process, proving more statistical observations of increasing viewers on tv. The

Korean wave shows a more cultural diversity that shows on screen as it reflects into the viewer

Heyung (2018).

The prominent role of Korean Wave gain its balance on how Korean Drama naturally

started, by viewing lifestyle in a more dramatic perspective, it is the more shared connectedness

to the audience and on screen, thus the worldwide audience in terms of natural happenings

should be maintained, the start of Korean Drama is the way giving more extended experience to

the audience from the start until the end of the series and it makes the drama more likable and on

the other hand; by marketing strategies it increases the series to be more well known in its

perfect accurate style of experience portraying people with the same feelings and events but in a

more entertaining way (Grandfixer, 2018).

How Korean Drama Became Famous in the Philippines

Korean drama's origin being extended in history shows its success from Asian countries.

From the middle of 1990 when Korean Drama series was first aired in Taiwan, way back

Autumn Story became phenomenal in the year 2001, Winter Sonata then became a hit on Japan,

Korean drams extended more into southeast Asian countries including the Philippines and

Malaysia in the near end year of 1990s and in the early 2000s (Yoon & Jin, 2017).

Nowadays, K-dramas are very popular mostly to Teenagers. Some are obsessed with k-

dramas. Koreans and taking over teenagers. (Alanzalon, 2011 & Mindanao Times, 2018)

Teenagers are copying and adopting Korean cultures. It also influenced us to crave the
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experience of Korean food. Kimchi, Ramyeon, bibimbap, samgyeopsal, kimbap, and bulgogi are

the most popular Korean Dishes in the Philippines. Teenagers Loved Korean dramas because of

its unique plots and unexpected plot twists and of course, they can relate to it. According to

(Manila Bulletin, 2012 & Han, 2018) The First wave of K-dramas started in 2003 in the

Philippines. Thru TV networks, they have produced remakes of popular dramas and enhanced

the production values Filipino dramas. ABS-CBN and GMA Had some remakes such as “Lovers

in Paris”, “Only you”, “Green Rose” and “My Girl” and more. 165 K-dramas have been aired in

the Philippines since 2003. K-dramas became very popular to Philippines. It became popular

because of its Theme, Storyline, Production Design, Characterization, and Hallyu Phenomenon.

Romantic Perception

Perceptions of romance, what a relationship is and what that entails are a tricky subject of

adolescent experience. Popular culture is quick to show teens in a relationship, which often

results in a perceived need to be in a relationship. This piece explores such a perception in the

context of the' Make out Point ' convention (Mac Gee, 2015).

Reality TV programs are anything but real. Shows that depict or pursue romantic

relationships like The Bachelor and Real Housewives reveal fantasy lives filled with high-octane

intimacy, infidelity, and unrealistic ideals. These factors appear to add to many people's appeal.

Interviewed nearly 400 married people to find out if what they viewed online, on television, and

in films influenced their views of relationship satisfaction and commitment. He found that there

was a lower sense of relationship engagement among those who believed in fictional love. We

expressed concern about the high cost of losing their independence and sacrificing their own
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interests for their partner's interests. Because they saw the relationship price as high, they also

put relationship satisfaction at a premium. This could explain, in part, why the reality romance

supporters had the same level of relationship satisfaction as those who did not believe in reality

romance. People who see relationships as emotionally expensive may expect more from their

relationships than people who see their relationships as less expensive emotionally. Yes, if

somebody expects to have to spend quite a bit in a relationship, he or she will likely expect a big

return. Thus, those who see romantic relationships as requiring a large injection of time and

effort may value the outcome of their efforts differently from those who do not approach

relationships in the same manner. Osborn cautions, however, that commitment is a key element

in fulfilling relationships and that the concept of relationships by society as expressed in the

media does not illustrate this. "We live in a society that is perpetually immersed in media images

from both television and the web, but most people have no sense of how these images affect

them," said Osborn. Because marriage losses in the United States remain steady, he thinks it is

imperative that couples take a good, long look at how their relationships are affected by

everything, including reality television (Smith, 2012).

Personality researchers have known for a long time that people who report having those

personality traits are also likely to be more (or less) happy with their romantic partners. For

instance, someone who says she is often anxious or moody is more likely to be dissatisfied with

her significant other than her less neurotic counterpart. Researchers on personality have long

known that people who report having these personality characteristics are also likely to be more

(or less) satisfied with their romantic partners. For example, someone who says she is often
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anxious or moody is more likely to be dissatisfied with her significant neurotic counterpart than

her less neurotic (Yates, 2008).

Influence of Korean Drama to People’s Perception

The people should be smart in picking what to watch. Korean drama in our way of life

rolls out improvements throughout the persons’ life, however a person should realize that

everything in a persons’ life is not the same as to Korean drama’s story. Korean show can give

people numerous effects to a persons’ life, positive effect and negative effect that may create a

persons’ way of life to do awful things or great things (Tobing, 2015).

Korean dramatizations demonstrate all the more engaging as for the people visual and the

spots that appeared in the story. Korean makes some contacting lines that the greater part of

Filipinos like the most. Korean shows playing just in two hours seven days contrasted with the

Filipino day by day 20 minutes scenes. The development of Hallyu everywhere (Abacan and

Raymundo, n.d.). Through the world, which YouTube, Facebook and twitter had help to advance

this sort of sensation. YouTube made the route for the spread of promotion of Hallyu, where the

watchers witness the drifting video of Korean artist (Kocis, 2011). The supporters continually

belittling to watch a show on account of the impact of Korean music in the western world. They

went to alternate places just to watch a show of their most loved artist. The supporters who seek

the show were French as well as other individuals from the diverse nations like Spain, Germany,

Sweden, Italy, Great Britain and numerous others (Kocis, 2011).

In one study conducted by Kim, Kim, & Kim, (2015), demonstrated that the respondents

and members both have positive perspective as far as introduction and impact of form styles
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depicted in Korean Dramas. In any case, the examination demonstrated that positive perspectives

and impact are two unique things and that regardless of the Filipino understudies’ positive

perspectives of Korean form of television, they moderate their way of life. In the last

examination, Korean Dramas simply expand the mold style decisions of Filipino understudies.

Based on the study conducted by Mato (n.d.), the researchers reasoned that the measure

of time the young people is presented to Koreanovelas. Most second-year high school students of

city high school watched Korean Dramas in view of the amusement and they get the chance to

relate as far as family issues, fellowship stories and better comprehension on their own

personality.

Cultivation Theory and Korean Drama

Cultivation theory is positivistic, which means it accept the presence of target reality and

worth nonpartisan research (Gerbner, 1969). Development hypothesis got from a few enormous

scales explore extends in a complete undertaking entitled Cultural Indicators. The Cultural

Indicators Project started as an independent report authorized by Lyndon B. Johnson for the

National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. The commission was framed to

address issues of viciousness in American culture; one explicit region of enthusiasm for the

Johnson organization was the impacts of TV savagery on crowds. Gerbner therefore started work

on the governmentally financed Cultural Indicators Project at the Annenberg School of

Communications. (Gerbner & Gross, 1975)

An examination which studied just about 2,000 articles distributed in three top mass-

correspondence diaries since 1956, found that Cultivation Theory was the third-most as often as
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possible used hypothesis, demonstrating that it keeps on being one of the most prominent

speculations in mass-correspondence explore. Cultivation Theory inspects the long-haul impacts

of TV. "The essential suggestion of development hypothesis expresses that the additional time

individuals spend 'living' in the TV world, the almost certain they are to accept social reality

lines up with reality depicted on TV." The pictures and ideological messages transmitted through

well-known TV media intensely impact view of this present reality. (Bryant & Miron, 2004)

"There was a positive connection between youth TV survey levels and the social reality

convictions in youthful adulthood. The aftereffects of this examination propose that TV saw

during youth may influence the social reality convictions an individual hold as an adult." "In like

manner, the present investigation centers around the potential impact of youth TV seeing on

social reality convictions during adulthood. The focal point of the present investigation will be

youth presentation to TV classifications that will in general be brutal. Given that it has been

contended and shown that estimating presentation to vicious substance is a more suitable strategy

for development investigations than estimating by and large TV introduction levels."

Korean Dramas alludes to Korean teledramas made in South Korea. It is broadly

mainstream and known around the world. It is normally in rambling kind wherein the storylines

are given explicit scenes. Throughout the years, the Korean wave has cleared all through the

Philippine media industry. Consistently people can see a great deal of Korean shows broadcast

on TV. Indeed, even in internet-based life, its fast spread made it significantly progressively

famous. Most basic Korean shows that viewers frequently observe are about sentimental

dramatizations, now and then with a spot of activity and satire. In addition, Korean
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dramatizations are the same as different teledramas. However, what gives Korean dramatizations

all the more fascinating to watch is that it just contains 16 to 20 scenes. Airing on TV, a large

number of the watcher has engaged on how the account of every Korean dramatization gives

them of what we supposed "Kilig factor". At the point when Korean stimulation was presented in

the Philippines beginning from the 21st century, the majority of the media, for example, ABS-

CBN and GMA circulated Korean shows on TV. The prominence of Korean shows in the nation

carried with it another type of patterns that had an effect and impacted to a great deal Filipino

individual particularly the adolescents of the present age. The immense watcher request has

provoked Philippine TV channels to import Korean shows. Top Korean show arrangement, for

example, Lovers in Paris, Full House, My Name is Kim Sam Soon, Stairway to Heaven, Coffee

Prince, and Boys Over Flowers are imported and named in Filipino, catching the consideration of

numerous spectators through high appraisals. These patterns or impacts are simply passing; new

patterns will develop and in the long run alter our way of living. People may decide to live at the

time and handle the open doors these patterns present, as long as we stay consistent with

ourselves as Filipino individuals (Mindanao Times, 2018).

Korean dramatizations over the Philippines turned out to be such wonder. Part of various

mediums, for example, online webpage offering K-shows, DVD's, from TV and once in a while

regularly approach companions who has for a duplicate of such arrangement and so on had been

utilized by the individuals to watch K-dramatizations. Numerous gradually turned out to be

dependent and get insane over watching it. It appeared to spellbind them. From that point

forward, when Korean dramatizations made a hit, a significant number of the Filipino watcher's

particularly the young people of the present want to watch Korean shows than some other
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teledramas. K-dramatization is known for its crisp storyline and grand cinematography, which

was the venturing stone of Hallyu, which means stream of Korea or an attack of Korean culture

in different nations, for example, the Philippines. K-drama had caught everybody extraordinarily

the adolescent and moderately aged. The watchers are joined to the story on the grounds that the

plot of K-dramatization are not a similar old and entirely unsurprising plots that are reused now

and again and the watchers are more pulled in to K-drama due to the gorgeous on-screen

characters who depict the lead jobs of each K-dramatization and the group of spectators were in

"kilig" because of it (Temblor, 2016).

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature

The aforementioned related literature and studies which have been conscientiously

organized and presented directed the researchers in conceptualizing the study. Initially the

origins of Korean Drama were explained by Hong (2014). A more in-depth analysis of the

history of the Korean Drama was provided by to Hyoon (2018), Kalbi (2016), Chang & Lee

(2017). While the success of Korean Drama was explained by Heyung (2018), and Grandfixer

(2018).

How Korean Drama became famous in the Southeast Asia is explained by Yoon and Jin,

(2017). While how Korean Drama became famous in the Philippines and why is it watched were

tackled by Mindanao Times (2018), ALANZALON (2011), Manila Bulletin (2012), and Han

(2018).

A study made by Mac Gee (2015), Smith (2012) and Yates (2008) explains what

romantic perception is.

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Tobing (2015) introduced how the Korean Drama influences the perception of the people.

Korean Drama’s popularity was explained by Abacan and Raymundo (n.d.), Kocis (2011). While

Kim, Kim, & Kim, (2015) made a study about the positive effect of Korean Drama. According to

the research of Mato (n.d.), high school students watch Korean Drama for fun and how can they

relate to the character.

In a research made by Bryant & Miron (2014), they explained about Cultivation theory

and why it is used often in researches. According to Mindanao Times (2018), and Temblor

(2016), Korean drama is known for its crisp storyline and cinematography, K-dramatization and

“Kilig” factor.

Gaps to be Bridged by the Present Study

After a thorough review of related literature, it was revealed that watching Korean drama

is fun and it has a unique storyline. Studies conducted only focuses on why Korean drama is fun

to watch. With the growing number of teenagers watching Korean drama, it was found out that

there was insufficiency on studies pertaining to how Korean drama affects persons romantic

perception. To address this gap, the researchers focused primarily on teenagers who are watching

Korean drama to find out if it has an effect on their romantic perception. This was done through

quantitative surveys and in-depth understanding of the teenagers lived experiences.

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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design and sources of data as well as the population

of the study, instrumentation and validation, evaluation, and scoring, data gathering procedures,

treatment and analysis of data and ethical consideration.

Research Design
This study will be employing quantitative non-experimental descriptive research design

which is designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behavior of

individuals (Shuttlesworth, 2009).

Sources of Data

The primary sources of data were the respondents who answered the survey

questionnaire. Secondary sources include books, periodicals, articles, online journals, and other

references that the researchers utilized, consulted, and cited in the review of related literature.

Population of the Study

The respondents of the study will consist of 100 teenagers who have watched at least

three Korean drama series. The researchers will employ quota sampling strategy in which a

tentative number of respondents is set and may be subject to increase until the level of saturation

is reached. The researchers will utilize purposive sampling design in the selection of

respondents.
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Instrumentation and Validation

In gathering data, the researchers will utilize a closed questionnaire in which the

respondents can select their answers to questions by checking. The questionnaire will be divided

into three parts: Scale 1 will cover the profile of the respondents and scale 2 will cover the level

of perceived influence of Korean Drama to the respondents’ romantic perception.

The research instrument will be presented to the research for adviser for initial checking.

For further validation, the researchers will consult experts in the field of language, statistics, and

psychology who can provide comments and possible recommendations.

To ensure reliability, the researchers will conduct pilot testing to 20 teenagers who share

the same characteristics as the actual respondents. The results will be subjected to Cronbach’s

Alpha to check internal consistency.

Evaluation and Scoring

To measure the level of Korean dramas’ perceived influence to teenagers, the following

numerical rating, numerical range, categorical response, verbal interpretation and verbal

description will be used in describing the dependent variable:

Numerical Numerical Categorical Verbal Verbal Description

Rating Range Response Interpretation

4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree Very Positive The respondent

(SA) experienced the indicator

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76-100% of the time.

3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree (A) Positive The respondent

experienced the indicator

51-75% of the time.

2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree (D) Negative The respondent

experienced the indicator

26-50% of the time.

1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Very Negative The respondent

Disagree (SD) experienced the indicator

1-25% of the time.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the validation of the instrument, the researchers will secure will secure consent

from the Office of the Senior High School Director to conduct the study. Coordination will also

be done with class advisers and subject teachers in order to schedule the room-to-room survey.

Then, the questionnaire will be reproduced, handed to the respondents, and retrieved. The data

gathered will be organized, tallied and subjected to statistical analysis.

Treatment and Analysis of Data

Once the survey questionnaire has been completed by the respondents, data were tabulated

and subjected to the following statistical tools:

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1. Frequency, percentage, distribution and ranking will be used to describe the respondents’

in terms of (a) age, (b) gender, (c) relationship status, (d) duration of watching Korean

drama, and (e) frequency of watching Korean drama.

2. Weighted mean and ranking will be used to determine the influence of Korean Drama in

terms of (a) expectation, (b) style, and (c) romantic relationship.

3. A test of significance will determine if there is a significant difference the respondents’

perceived influence of Korean Drama in terms of profile.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers have completed this study bearing in mind the ethical considerations

especially in observing confidentiality, quality, and human subject protection. Permission was

first sought from the office of the Senior High School Director of University of Perpetual Help

System Laguna where the researchers conducted the study. Since some of the respondents were

still minors, parental approval was obtained as part of the Consent Form to be secured explaining

their right to voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time, the central purpose of the study,

the procedures used in data collection, comments about protecting confidentiality, statement

about known risks associated with, and the expected benefits to accuse by participating in the

study.
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Kalbi, S. "Korean Drama Series- A Brief History of K-Drama" Korean Culture Blog, 10 October
2018, https://koreancultureblog.com/2016/10/10/k-drama-series-a-brief-history-of-k-dramas/

The Nature of K- Drama viewership beyond South Korea (2018) retrieved from
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Chang P., Lee Hyojung., The Korean Wave: Determinants and its Implications on Trade (2017)
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Han Dong-man 2018, Koreanovela and K-pop… loved by the Philippines

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Mindanao times 2018, How have Korean dramas influenced Philippine industry?
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GradesFixer. (2019, May, 14) KOREAN MOVIES: ITS INFLUENCE ON THE STUDENTS’
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Bryant, J.; Mirion, D. (2004). "Theory and research in mass communication". Journal of

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