Architectural and

Structural Coordination

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 Coordination required
Plumbing Consultants need
to understand Architecture

Architects need
to understand Plumbing

2
Importance of Plumbing
Increased

As buildings became more complex

• Introduction to high-rise buildings

• Basements extended beyond building line

• Complex structural designs

– Post tension slabs

– Large spans
– Concrete walls

3
Importance of Plumbing
Increased

Due to the new Utilities required

• High Pressure requirement for some fixtures

• Alternate water sources, Dual piping
• Solar, Central hot water systems
• Rain Water Harvesting
• Complex Fire Suppression Systems
• Metering
• Garbage chutes
• Piped gas systems
• Building Management Systems
4
Importance of Plumbing
Increased

Changing lifestyle and standard of living

Increase in General awareness

• Health Aspects of Plumbing

• Good plumbing ensures good health
• Water and energy conservation
• Eco-friendly designs

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 Challenge

In Plumbing particularly, new technologies and

materials evolve every day.

The architectural and engineering solutions for

plumbing systems must work hand-in-glove & provide
more comfortable, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and
zero maintenance solutions.

 The solution must be conserving water and energy,

saving money of end user and planet earth!
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 Owner Architect

Project Structural
Consultant Consultant

BMS
Coordination Plumbing
Consultant Consultant

Fire?? HVAC Electrical

Consultant Consultant
Vastu??
Landscape
Consultant
Rainwater Harvesting??
7
 Water Supply and Source
• Drinking • Quantity per head

• Domestic • Qty as per NBC

• Flushing • Domestic

• Landscaping • Raw

• Fire fighting • Treated

• Air-conditioning • Rain Water

• Centralized Hot • Gray Water

Water • Reclaimed water
 Conceptual
Schematics
Raw water

Landscaping
Harvesting
Rainwater
Domestic

Flushing
Canal
WTP

Lake

STP

(Little) Water In – (No) Water Out 9

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 HWS Alt. 1

HWS Alt. 2
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HWS Alt.
3

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 Local Municipal
Laws for
•Daily water requirement
•Recycled water
•Solar hot water systems
•Fire reserves
•Dual Flush Tanks
•Toilets for disabled
•Rain water harvesting
•Source of water
•Disposal of waster water
•Disposal of storm water
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 SWRV
SOIL Two stack system
WASTE Alt. Single stack system?

RAIN and Vents required

VENT Rainwater stacks

PIPES

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16
 Structural
Provisions for
plumbing

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 Provisions for plumbing
Sunken slabs
How much? For what?
Raised toilets
Ceiling hung plumbing
Core cuts / sleeves? Fire stops?
Conventional slabs
PT slabs,
Red bands, drop panels
RCC / pre-cast RCC walls
Inverted beams
Column positions
Need of ledge walls

Pre-plumb system? 18
 Sunken Toilet
Floors

• for waste connections

from washbasins,
washing machines, sinks
• for Nahni / Floor Trap,
Saturation Outfall,
• for toilet water proofing
• for Balconies & Terraces’
water proofing

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Importance of Ledge walls,
Purpose of sunken portion
Importance of Ledge walls,
Purpose of sunken portion
23
 Comparison: Initial
Cost
• Cost of 2 coats of • Only one coat of chemical
waterproofing waterproofing
• Cost of filling • Cost saving in filling,
RCC, plaster and painting
• Extra cost of RCC due to • Extra cost of false ceiling
additional dead weight
• Extra cost of core cutting
• Additional cost of plaster • Time saving
and paint
• Additional time for the 4
above
• Additional time due to
interdependent activities 24
 Comparison: Maintenance Cost
in case of leakages
Need•to No
breakneed to break
plumbing andflooring,
fixtures, tiles, redo waterproofing, filling and redo.
• Just remove part of false ceiling and attend the
repairs
• Can work at idle hours
Huge cost in repairs
• Minimum
Inconvenience timepremises
in residential taken
Loss •of commercial
Negligible cost@ say Rs. 10,000 per day per room
income
Time taken > 1 month
• No indirect expenses
Loss of reputation
• Good reputation

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Plumbing shafts

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 Plumbing shafts
Numbers,
Location,
Size,
Access
Light,
Ventilation,
Sealing, fire stops
Working platform
Shafts for Garbage chutes
Fire shafts
Shafts shifted between floors or terminated
No shafts at ground floor
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29
Retrofitting: During and after
New Installation
Abuses
Cutout for pipes, working platform Easy access, light and
ventilation
Toilet Planning

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 Toilet
planning
• Toilet lighting
• Toilet ventilation
• Type (choice) of sanitary ware and CP fittings?
• Type of cisterns, inlet position, overflows,
location in duct or F/C
• Urinal waste
• Column positions
• Ledge walls
• False ceiling levels
• Toilet beams, beams on shaft side
• Water conservation – aeration, dual flush/flush valve,
sensors, auto closing and no-touch taps
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 Toilet
Layout
• Sanitary ware • Minimum length
• Accessories • Min. bends
• Ledge walls • Y joints, not tee
• Wet areas • No joints at masonry
• Floor slopes • Controls

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Interiors

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39
 Planning Stage
Decide Plumbing material and fixtures
• Types of pipes and joints for SWRV
• Types of pipes and joints for water supply
• Types of water closets & health accessories
• Flush tanks Vs. Flush valves
• Exposed Vs. Concealed tanks
• Nahni trap Vs. Floor trap
• Conventional Vs. Siphonic drains
• Gravity Vs. Hydro-pneumatic system
 Select sanitary fittings in
advance
Architects should select sanitary and bath fittings in
advance by taking help of Plumbing Consultants
e.g. sensors –AC or DC current
e.g. WC chair bracket or bolt
Select sanitary fittings in advance
• …

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Good

44
Bad

45
Bad

46
Ugly

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Funn
y

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Basement Details

49
 Basement Floor Details
• Sub-soil dewatering
• Filling over raft or Folded raft
• Storm / sprinkler drains w.r.t
car park layout
• Coordinated floor channels /
scupper drains
• Sumps
• Car wash area
• Garbage room
• Water tanks and Pump room
• Basement Toilet sumps
• Coordinated Sleeves in
retaining wall 50
51
 Basement Ceiling Details
• Drop panels/beams • Coordination of locations
• Offsets in shafts • Coordination of routes
• Shaft terminals • Coordination of levels
• Mechanical Ventilation ducts • Coordination of minimum headroom
• Ventilation openings
• Smoke exhaust system
• Electrical cable trays
• Water supply lines to and from water
tanks
• Fire brigade inlet and draw-offs
• Int. and Ext. Hydrant headers
• Sprinkler lines and headers
• Lights and sprinkler locations
• Landscape drains
• Rainwater down takes, gravity, grades
• Soil and waste down takes, gravity,
grades
Basement
Details

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Terrace

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 Terrace
• Overhead tanks with access
• Water supply lines to and from overhead tanks
• Solar hot water system
• Cooling towers
• Fire booster pumps
• Water supply ring mains, with control valves
• Plumbing shaft terminals, SWRV vents
• Rainwater inlets
• Water proofing to slopes
Pipe crossings

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Unplanned Spaces

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 External
Development
• Plinth and road levels
• Invert levels of existing sewers and storm drains
• Septic tank Vs Sewer
• Mpl Sewer
• Mpl Storm drain
• Invert levels
• Pumping station?
• Capacity/diameter
• Landscaping 59
 External
Development
Landscaped and paved areas around
building to accommodate service lines.

• Water features
• Landscaping drains and overflows,
• Water supply for landscaping and water
features
• Storm drains and sewers
• Distance from building/basement
• Locations of chambers
• Depth of u/g pipes and chambers
• Sumps required
• Concealing of chambers and hydrants in
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landscaping
Consider New Products and Systems at
Planning Stage

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Hydro-pneumatic system

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 Sensor based
single hole
basin mixer

Eccentric wall mixer

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Rain showers and shower trays

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Toilet for disabled persons Macerator

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Pre-plumb system
Also called
Dry-wall system

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Vacuum Toilets

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Vacuum sewer system

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 planning starts from
architectural layout of
everything
such as toilets, kitchens, utility,
floors, building, plots,
complexes, even townships.
No Planning, No
Execution
Thank you
Any Questions?

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