WATER RESOURCES ENGG.

CET326
Irrigation Engg. and Water Resources Engg.
L02
16 Jan 2021, Saturday, 4:00 PM
Irrigation Engineering and WRE
• Science of artificial application of water to land for fulfilling
crop-water requirement throughout the crop period.

• Necessity
• Dependence on agriculture
• Uncertainty of monsoon
Irrigation Engineering
• Advantages
• Increase in food production
• Optimum Benefits
• Elimination of mixed cropping
• General prosperity
• Generation of hydro-electric power
• Domestic water supply
• Facility of communication
• Inland navigation
• Afforestation
Irrigation Engineering
• Dis-Advantages
• Water pollution
• Colder and damper climate
• Water logging
• expensive
Irrigation Engineering
• Types of Irrigation

• Surface Irrigation
• Flow Irrigation
• Perennial
• Direct Irrigation
• Storage Irrigation
• Flood (inundation irrigation)

• Lift Irrigation

• Subsurface Irrigation
• Natural sub-irrigation (Leakage from canals)
• Artificial Sub-irrigation (Open jointed drains)
Irrigation Engineering
• Techniques of Water Distribution
• Free flooding
• Border flooding
• Check flooding
• Basin flooding
• Furrow irrigation method
• Sprinkler irrigation method
• Drip irrigation method
Irrigation Engineering
• Techniques of Water Distribution
• Free flooding
• Border flooding
• Check flooding
• Basin flooding
• Furrow irrigation method
• Sprinkler irrigation method
• Drip irrigation method
Irrigation Engineering
• Free Flooding
Irrigation Engineering
• Border Flooding
Irrigation Engineering
• Check Flooding
Irrigation Engineering
• Furrow Irrigation method
• Furrows are narrow ditches
Irrigation Engineering
• Furrow Irrigation method
Irrigation Engineering
• Sprinkler Irrigation method
Irrigation Engineering
• Sprinkler Irrigation method
• Advantages
• Seepage losses are eliminated
• Land levelling not required
• No cultivation area is lost
• Avoids surface runoff
• Leaches down salts, prevents water logging
• Less labour oriented
• Higher efficiency

• Limitations
• Not for crops with higher water requirement
• Initial cost high
• Silt free water can be used
• Requires electrical power
Irrigation Engineering
• Drip Irrigation
• System involves laying of a system of
• Head (pump to lift water)
• Mains (pipes)
• Laterals (smaller pipes)
• Drop nozzles (Emitters, valves)
Quality of Irrigation water
• Sediment concentration
• Soluble salts
• Proportion of sodium ion
• Conc. Of Potentially toxic elements
• Bicarbonate conc.
• Bacterial contamination.