MAIN FOCUSES 1- Germanic group of languages with focus on English 2- Indo- Iranian group of languages with focus on the Dardic languages of Gilgit- Baltistan
1- Germanic group of Languages with focus on English
English is developed from Proto-Germanic it is a West Germanic language and became global Lingua franca. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia. English vocabulary is highly influenced by Romance languages (Latin and languages that have developed from Latin like French, Spanish, Latin, Italian, etc.) English vocabulary is 26% Germanic, 29% French and 29% Latin together 58% Romance another 6% from Greek and 6% others and 4% derived from names. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language after English. Germanic languages is divided into three groups. First one is West Germanic, including English, German, and Netherlandic, North Germanic, including Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Faroese; and East Germanic, now extinct, comprising only Gothic and the languages of the Vandals, Burgundians, and a few other tribes. There are startling points of similarities between these two languages. The West Germanic languages include the three most widely spoken Germanic languages: English with around 360–400 million native speakers. German, with over 100 million native speakers and Dutch, with 24 million native speakers. EXAMPLES: - Man man Maus mouse Singen sing Gast guest
2- Indo-Iranian group of languages with focus on the
Dardic languages of Gilgit-Baltistan Iranian languages constitute a branch of the Indo-European language family. They are spoken over a wide area of the Middle East. The languages are called Iranian because the largest members of the branch have been spoken on the Iranian plateau since ancient times. The original location of the Indo-Iranian group was probably to the north of modern Afghanistan, east of the Caspian Sea, in the area that is now Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, where Iranian languages are still spoken. The Dardic languages are a sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages are natively spoken in Northern Pakistan's Gilgit Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Northern India's Jammu and Kashmir and Eastern Afghanistan. Kashmiri is the most prominent Dardic language, with an established literary tradition and official recognition as one of the official languages of India. Shina is a language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan family spoken by the Shina people. The number of the people in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, as well as in Jammu and Kashmir, India such as in Dah Hanu, Gurez and Dras. Kashmiri is the only Dardic language that has been used extensively for literary purposes. Except for Shina, the languages of the Eastern subgroup have been radically changed by the influence of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken farther south. The Dardic languages differ from the other Indo-Iranian languages in their sound systems and in the preservation of a number of words lost in India and Iran. NGLISH LANGUAGE