WRITING TASK 2

Essay writing
TOTAL TIME – 40 MINUTES
Total words - 250 to 280 words
Tips to improve writing task 2
 Read the question carefully.
 Think carefully about the topic. 
 Rephrase the questions by using synonyms and changing the word order
in sentence.
 Ensure that all points are arranged in a logical order.
No. of paragraphs should be 4 or 5.
1 paragraph – introduction  
st

2 paragraph – body paragraph 1

nd

3 paragraph – body paragraph 2

rd

4 paragraph – body paragraph 3

th

5 paragraph – conclusion
th

                          How to write down introduction;

Opening lines:
 It is an undeniable fact that
 It is certainly true that
 There is no doubt that

After this opening line, write one topic line. Choose topic from statement and
write general statement on topic or rephrase the question by using synonyms
and changing the word order.
The second sentence should be written to support topic line. There are two ways
to support topic. 1) Give evidence- It is obvious from ……For example: if my
topic line is – crime is increasing very fast among people. It is obvious from
crime related news from newspaper which has full the paper almost.               2)
Compare past or present- gone are those days, when…... but now……….
 The third sentence and fourth sentence should be task sentence, means what
you are going to write down in body paragraphs. 
This is all about introduction. It needs 4-5 sentences. Remember that you should
write complex sentences mixed up with simple one.
Body paragraphs:
It includes point in simple sentence. Then, point should be elaborated by
using complex sentences like by giving examples.
Conclusion: 
It restates your opinion and includes further suggestions.

EXAMPLE OF GOOD INTRODUCTION:

Question: There is a good deal of evidence that increasing car use is
contributing to global warming and having other undesirable effects
on people’s health and well-being.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Good Introduction
Rising global temperatures and human health and fitness issues are often
viewed as being caused by the expanding use of automobiles. This essay
agrees that increasing use of motor vehicles is contributing to rising global
temperatures and certain health issues. Firstly, this essay will discuss the
production of greenhouse gases by vehicles and secondly, it will discuss
other toxic chemicals released by internal combustion engines.

                                   Types of essays:
 Causes and solutions/ problems and solutions/ reasons, effects and
solutions
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Do you agree/ disagree
 At what extent do you agree or disagree
 Discuss both views and give your opinion

                Causes solutions type of essay

Example statement:
Influence of human beings on the world's ecosystem is leading to the extinction of
species and loss of bio-diversity.
                What are the primary causes of loss of bio-diversity?
                What solutions can you suggest?
Despite knowing about biodiversity’s importance for a long time, human
activity has been causing massive extinctions of different species. This essay
will examine the main causes of loss of biodiversity and possible solutions of
this problem.
The two main causes of species extinction are change of their habitats and
overexploitation of natural resources. When humans artificially transform the
environment, they destroy vegetation and animals’ natural habitat. For
instance, to build new roads people are cutting down the trees and
cementing the soil, altering the environment. Because of that, a lot of
species are dying out. Also, when the activities connected with capturing and
harvesting a natural resource are too intense in a particular area, the
resource becomes exhausted. For example, too frequent fishing doesn’t leave
enough time for fish to reproduce and makes them disappear. In other
words, human activities often deplete local flora and fauna and cause loss of
bio-diversity.
Some possible solutions to this problem are protecting natural areas and
promoting awareness among people. By protecting areas where human
activity is limited and avoiding overexploitation of its resources, we can save
the untouched environment and prevent species from dying out. Moreover,
the next step in fighting bio-diversity loss is informing the general population
about the dangers of this problem. This way, people will be more conscious
of the environment and won’t overuse or destroy its resources.
To conclude, people’s activities that change the environment have negative
impact on the world's ecosystem. However, we can significantly lessen the
extinction of species by protecting natural areas and enlightening people as
to this problem.

Introduction of causes and solutions type of essay:

First after the opening sentence, students should write topic sentence and
elaborate. 
Then, they should write: Therefore, this essay will first analyse the reasons
behind………. However, at the same time some possible solutions of this
problem will also be discussed.

                                 Body paragraph 1: (reasons) 

…………… has variety of causes. The most significant one is………………..
One of the good illustration is………. Hence……….
An equally important reason is…………..
A linked more cause is…………….

                                  Body paragraph 2:
As every lock has key; similarly a solution is always present on the back of
every reason. To begin with…
Moreover,……… Furthermore,…….

                                           Conclusion:
To sum up,/ To conclude……………….
                        ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

                                        Introduction:
Starting is same. First two sentences area same.
Therefore, This essay will first highlight the benefits of …… followed by
drawbacks.
                                   Body paragraphs: 
Flashing light on brighter side, ..… has numerous pros. The most significant one
is that…………………….
An equally important advantage is…….
A linked more positive factor is…………..
                                               BP 2:
Moving towards darker side, as every coin has two faces; similarly,………….
has some cons also.  To begin with,
Moreover,……………
Furthermore ,…………..
                                                 Conclusion:
To conclude ...………. as rose has thorns, whereas still people use it for
worshipping. Thus, one should focus on positive side of …………… by
ignoring negative effects.                      

                                    AGREE/DISAGREE
                                         Introduction:
Starting is same. 1 sentence is about topic after opening line, then compare past
st

and present.
After that rephrase your statement which is in question and give your opinion
like. The essay agrees that…………….
Body paragraphs will go according to your viewpoint.
                                           Body paragraph 1.
There are numerous reasons to support my viewpoint. The most significant
is……..
An equally important one is………
                                BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Furthermore, I would like to add more points to strengthen my viewpoint. ….
Last but not the least,…………..
                                            Conclusion.
Hammering the last nail,
(restate your opinion)

                              AT extent do you agree or disagree

In this you have to make 5 paragraphs in total
Introduction is same as do you agree or disagree
BP 1 AND BP2 are also same
BP 3.. on the contrary, an opposing view can be made by …..
                                                 Conclusion
Hammering the last nail

                                DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS AND GIVE YOUR OPINION

INTRODUCTION
After opening line describe topic and elaborate that.
THEREFORE, (rephrase first opinion)
However, (rephrase second opinion)
This essay will outline both viewpoints.

        BP 1
ON ONE SIDE OF ARGUMENT, MANY COMMENTATORS assert that……
The most significant reason behind their opinion is……….
An equally important point is……

BP 2.
ON THE CONTRARY, there is another school of thought.

CONCLUSION
Hammering the last nail, after discussing both viewpoints my personal
sentiments are on par with 

                                 LINKING WORDS
SEQUENCING THE FIRST IDEA:
1. The most significant reason is 
2.  The most important consideration is
3.  To begin with
4. In the first place
5.  First and foremost 
SECOND IDEA:
1. An equally important contributing factor is
2. Another reason is
3. In the same vein 
ADDING SUPPORTING IDEA OR THIRD POINT
1. Furthermore
2. Moreover
3. Additionally
4. A linked more point is
5. Not only…. but also
GIVING EXAMPLE
1. To illustrate
2. To cite an example
3. For instance
4. Such as
HIGHLIGHTING POINTS
1. Particularly
2. In particular
3. Specifically
 4. Especially
CLARIFYING AN OPINION

1. To be more precise
2. By this I mean
3. In other words

RESULTS
1. As a result
2. Consequently
3. Therefore
4.  Thus
5. Hence
CONTRAST
1. However
2. Whereas
3. Nevertheless
4. Even though/ although
5. despite
6. on the contrary

REASON
1. because
2. owing to
3. due to
GIVING YOUR OPINION
1. in my opinion
2. I admit
3. I concur/agree
4. From my perspective
OTHERS’ OPINION

1. Many commentators believe that

2. From a political point of view
3. A section of society admits that

                                                   SAMPLE ANSWERS
REASON SOLUTION TYPE OF ESSAY
In general, people do not have such a close relationship with their neighbours as
they did in the past.
Why is this so and what can be done to improve contact between neighbours?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Model answer
In a world of high-rise apartments, people barely notice their next door
neighbour.Whereas,earlier neighbourhoods were smaller and consisted of tight-knit
communities. Thus, It was common for everyone to know each other and of course to lend
a helping hand if a neighbour was in need. Therefore, this essay will first analyse main
causes for this distant relationship among neighbours. However, at the same time
possible solutions will also be discussed.
There are a number of reasons why individuals have less contact with their neighbours.
The most significant one is that people’s lifestyles are more mobile. To be more precise,
they are not rooted to single location anymore. Consequently, this causes their
relationships with their neighbours to be more superficial. An equally important reason is
that, nowadays individuals often live and work in different places. This leads to people
forming closer relationships with work colleagues than the ones they have with their
neighbours. A linked more cause is modern lifestyles which make one to  spend more
time inside houses watching television. In particular, when they go out, they travel by car
not by bus. Hence, people do not speak to the persons in their neighbourhood so much.
There are a number of ways in which I think contact between neighbours can be
improved. First of all, local authorities can provide communal areas such as playgrounds
for children and community halls. So that there are places where neighbours can meet
and make friends. Secondly, I think that when new neighbours come to a street, the
people living there ought to introduce themselves and welcome them. Last but not the
least, people living in a street or small district should form neighbourhood associations
and meet regularly to discuss the things which affect them.
In conclusion, these suggestions will probably not make neighbours as important in our
lives as they were in the past. However, they will help our relationships with our
neighbours to become more useful and valuable.
 
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TYPE OF ESSAY:
SAMPLE 1
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between
finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
In this contemporary world, travelling seems to be an indispensable part of almost
everyone’s life. It helps people broaden their knowledge as well as improve their
living skills. Hence, many people recommend that students should travel after
finishing high school and before entering university studies. Therefore, this essay will
first highlight the pros followed by cons of this trend.
Flashing light on brighter side, the most significant merit is that it is such a good
chance to attain hands-on experience in employment. Thus, it can be useful for our
future major of students. An equally important merit is that travelling gives
opportunities to explore the world. In particular, going to different countries, one can
study different cultures and how they are different from each other. consequently,
students can broaden their knowledge. A linked more positive point is that travelling
can help pupils to improve their health. To be more precise, when travelling, people
tend to do more outside activities such as mountain climbing. 

Moving towards darker side, travelling before starting a new degree has some
drawbacks also for students. To begin with, students can forget their academic
knowledge. To illustrate, mathematics involves many formulas which are very hard to
remember if students don’t keep practicing frequently. Moreover, students who travel
like this tend to have problems in re-adapting in an academic environment again.
To conclude, travelling after finishing high school and before entering university
studies is beneficial even though there are many disadvantages. The reason is that
it’s a requirement for all of us now to become qualified so that we find a good job.
Therefore, people can still overcome the difficulties that I mentioned. 

SAMPLE 2
International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many
places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local
inhabitants and the environment.
Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the
advantages?
It is certainly true that travel industry has experienced a major boom in the later part
of the 20th century and has been a boon in disguise, which has helped some weaker
nations to uplift their failing economies. While questions have been raised regarding
the negative impacts that accompany the growth in the travel sector, these definitely
do not outweigh the associated benefits.
Flashing light on brighter side, the most significant merit is economic boost that
accompanies a successful travel industry is quite well recognised and Thailand is the
best example. In particular, the entire Thai economy revolves around tourism and the
country had been able to uplift its socio economic status through its flourishing
hospitality sector. An equally important benefit is that thriving tourist industry implies
an increasing need for a variety of services such as hotels, transport, restaurants,
and entertainment. Hence, this results in a considerable number of jobs being
created for people who lack a college education and also the development of the
infrastructure needed to accommodate visitors.
Furthermore, a linked more positive factor is that tourism is a "green" industry that,
unlike factories, generates a low level of pollution. In fact, because beautiful natural
landscapes are often places that tourists come to see, a country will often be sure to
maintain the landscape in order to keep it attractive for tourists. 
On the contrary, the rising influx of holidaymakers is associated with increased
incidences of crimes, and antisocial activities like drugs, human trafficking and
gambling, which affect the values of the indigenous society. The local population are
also affected by the growth in property value indices. 
To sum up, it can be confidently conveyed that, even though the growth in travel
industry has accompanying negative social impacts, these do not outweigh the
contributions made by this sector towards social development.