VOLLEYBALL AND BADMINTON

VOLLEYBALL
 VOLLEYBALL
DEFINITION AND BRIEF HISTORY
 VOLLEYBALL
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULES

 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row

 Maximum of three hits per side

 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit

 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve

 A ball hitting a boundary line is "in"

 A ball is "out" if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of
the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, the ceiling
above a non-playable area

 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body

 It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball

 If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play
and either player involved may make the next contact (provided the next contact
isn't the teams 4th hit)

 A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line

 After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net

 At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two refs, line judg-
es, scorer, and an assistant scorer
 VOLLEYBALL
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

 Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s been
served or hit over the net by the opposing team.

 Setting motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready to be spiked by another
teammate with force.

 Spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward motion across the volley-
ball net to the other team’s side of the court. A proper spike will help accumulate
points quickly.

 Blocking by timing it right, you can jump up and deflect or block the opponent’s
attack before it even crosses the volleyball net, which can take them by surprise
and give your team an easy point.

 Digging is to keep the ball from hitting the floor, and you do that by diving and
passing the ball in a fluid motion.

 Serving sending the ball to the opponent’s court successfully

– underhand serve
 VOLLEYBALL
GAME OFFICIALS

Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second refer-
ee,scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges.

The first referee is in charge from the beginning of the match until the end.

The first referee has authority over all other members of the officiating crew.

The first referee should talk to all the officiating crew members before the match
starts, going over any questions officials might have about their responsibilities.

The first referee should have a talk with the second referee before the match starts
discussing issues such as pre-match protocol and anything that will help the match
run more smoothly.

The second referee should establish a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero
tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don't understand some-
thing, they should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for help.
 VOLLEYBALL
COURT

The height of the net shall be 2.43 m (7' 11 5/8") for men and 2.24 m (7' 4 1/8") for women.
The net height measured from the center of the playing court with a measuring device.

Positions for the Players

2 Outsider Hitter
Middle Blocker
Right side Hitter
Setter
Libero
 VOLLEYBALL
EQUIPMENT

Net

Net is one meter long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide. It is

tied vertically above the center line of the court to
posts fixed at either sides of the court, at a distance
of one meter from the sidelines. The center of the
net should lie 2.43 meter above the ground for men
and 2.24 meter for women. At the sides the net may
be higher by a maximum of 2cm, however it should
be tied at the same height at both the posts.

The court width is marked on the net with a tape and

a flexible antennae of one meter extends from the
tape marker on both sides of the net. These mark-
ings help the referee determine when the ball goes
outside the court.

Ball

Volley ball a spherical ball of 65-67 cm cir-

cumference. It is made of leather or any syn-
thetic material and weighs 260-280 g.
Volleyballs are available in various colors,
however for international tournaments, FIVB
approved balls should only be used.
 VOLLEYBALL
COMMON TERMS

Rally − A ball is serviced by a player and players of both teams hit it till a foul is committed or ball falls on the
ground. This period, from the point it is put to service till it halts is called a rally. It is a complete rally if one of
the teams scores a point.

Service − Players hit the ball with their fist, wrist, or arm, from the service zone and it has to move above the
net to the other teams play zone.

Attack hit − The hit that sends the ball to the opponent side.

Positional Fault − Players are numbered in anti-clockwise starting from the player in extreme right position in
the back row. So, players in the front row are numbered 4, 3 and 2 and players in the back row are numbered
5, 6 and 1 from left to right. They should lie in the same positions declared before beginning a set, when ball is
served, else they earn a fault. However, after the service they may move within their court.

Rotational Fault − If a receiving team earns a chance to serve, its players change positions and move clock-
wise, i.e. player in 1st position moves to 6th player in 2nd position moves to 1st, etc. Not changing positions
according to this order leads to a fault. An exception to this rule is the Libero who cannot serve or enter the
front court.

Four Hit Foul − Three players in the receiving team may hit the ball consecutively and the fourth hit should
deliver the ball to the other side, failing so will earn them a four hit fault.

Double Contact − Players should hit the ball to a teammate or to the other team. Simultaneous hitting leads
to a fault.

Assisted Hit − Players shouldn’t receive help from their teammates or any other objects like posts to hit the
ball.

Serving Fault − Players should serve according to the serving order. They should hit the ball according to the
rules and when instructed. Not complying with these rules leads to a serving fault.

Double fault − If opponents commit faults successively, they have to play the rally again. This scenario is
called a Double Fault

Blocking − Players near the net may jump and hit the ball near the net after an attack hit. Sometimes the ball
 VOLLEYBALL
VARIANTS OF VOLLEYBALL

Beach Volleyball
Beach Volleyball is very popular and is played between two teams of two players
each. Though it is inspired from volleyball, it is officially recognized by FIVB as a sepa-
rate sport. A game inspired from beach volleyball is played in an indoor sand court and
is called as indoor sand volleyball.

Sepak Takraw
This is a very ancient game played centuries ago in Philippines, Indonesia and Laos
and is popular across Asia. The rules are very similar to that of volleyball, except that
players don’t use their hands but shoot a traditional rattan ball with their heads, torsos
and legs.

Shooting Volleyball
This is an Indian variant of volleyball and is also played in parts of Pakistan. An extra
seventh player in each team stays near the net and is called the net man. He shoots
the ball as high as possible and tempts the opponents into making a fault. The ball is
similar to handball and the court has the dimensions 35 x 70 ft.

Sitting Volleyball
This players sit and play volleyball in a smaller 10 x 6 meter court. Though players sit
during the game, it is an interesting fast paced game and required good stamina and
skill. Sitting volleyball event for men and women is included in Summer Paralympics.

Aquatic Volleyball
Aquatic volleyball is played in shallow swimming pools or shallow beaches. It is also
BADMINTON
 BADMINTON
DEFINITION AND BRIEFS HISTORY

Badminton

is derived directly from poona, which was played by British army officers stationed
in India in the 1860s.

is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although
it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are
"singles" and "doubles".

Badminton, court or lawn game played with lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock.
Historically, the shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was a
small cork hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17
ounce (5 grams). These types of shuttles may still be used in modern play, but
shuttles made from synthetic materials are also allowed by the Badminton
World Federation. The game is named for Badminton, the country estate of the
dukes of Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where it was first played about
1873. The roots of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India,
and it is closely related to the old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock.
Badminton is derived directly from poona, which was played by British army of-
ficers stationed in India in the 1860s. The first unofficial all-England badminton
championships for men were held in 1899, and the first badmin-
ton tournament for women was arranged the next year.
 BADMINTON
SCORING

Scoring System
 A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
 Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
 The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
 At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
 At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Interval and Change of Ends
 When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.
 A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.
In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.
Singles
 At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the server serves from
the right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the server serves from the left service court.
 If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate ser-
vice court.
If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve
from the appropriate service court – left if their score is odd, and right if it is even.
Doubles
 A side has only one ‘set’.
 The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.
 At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right ser-
vice court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.
 If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again
from the alternate service court.
 If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes
the new serving side.
 BADMINTON
BASIC BADMINTON SKILLS

The Ready Stance

The ready stance done by putting your non-racquet leg a step forward and about shoulder width
away from your racquet leg. Slightly bend both knees with your weight balanced between both
legs. Slightly bend forward from the hip, keeping your back straight, and lift your racquet up
with your racquet-hand in front of you slightly above your shoulder and the head of the rac-
quet to be right above your forehead. Raise your non-racquet arm to help improve your bal-
ance

Forehand and Backhand Grip

The simplest way to grip your badminton racquet is by imitating a handshake. Your thumb should
press against the handle while the rest of your hand and four fingers wrap around the rac-
quet. This handshake should be a friendly one. Don’t grip too tightly because you need to retain
flexibility in your wrist. It is recommended that you opt to put a wrap around your grip to make
it more comfortable and less slippery.

Footwork

Lateral steps are the best way to move around the badminton court as it allows you to cover a lot
of ground and change direction fast, while putting less strain on your knees.

Strokes

this is the most common skill new players are very more comfortable using this especially when
playing

Serve

By learning how to utilize the serve, you can already start to strategize where you place your
serve depending on your opponent.
 BADMINTON
COURT

In singles, a badminton court is 13.41m (44ft) long and 5.18m (17ft) wide. The width ex-
tends to 6.1m (20ft) in doubles.

The net is 1.55m (5ft 1in) high at the ends and 1.52m high (5ft) where it dips in the mid-
dle.

A serve must pass the short service line, which is 1.98m (6.5ft) from the net.

Beyond the short service line, there is a line which runs down the middle to split the
left and right service courts. There is also a doubles service line 0.76m (2.5ft) in from
the baseline.

That means each service court (four in total) is 3.96m (13ft) long and 2.59m (8.5ft)
wide.
 BADMINTON

 The referee is the most important official of the whole tournament. He or she is in charge of the
competition and needs to ensure that the tournament is conducted following the Laws of Badmin-
ton (including court, rackets and shuttlecock measurements), the regulations of the Badminton
World Federation and/or any other regulations that might be relevant in that specific competition.

In addition to that, the referee has the last word if there is an argument between the umpire (in charge
of the matches) and a player or team.
 The umpire is the maximum authority in a particular match and it is in charge of the court. The duty of
the umpire is to make sure that the specific match is conducted following the Laws of Badminton, the
regulations of the Badminton World Federation and/or any other regulations that might be relevant in
that specific competition.

It is the umpire responsibility to judge service faults and other player faults. The umpire keeps a record
of any misbehaviour or incident and reports it to the referee. He/she is also responsible for keeping the
match score, which will be announced after each point of the match.

 The service judge is responsible for making a ‘service fault’ call and to provide shuttles to the play-
ers. Due to the way badminton is played, the serve is one of the most important and perfected shots
of the player and, especially when playing doubles, players will bring the serve to the limit of the le-
gality in order to gain as much advantage as possible.
 The line judges are responsible for indicating whether a shuttlecock landed “in” or “out” if the shuttle
lands near the lines he/she is assigned to control. Due to the fast speed of the game and the skill of
the players, this is a very challenging job and, as a result, the line judges are the officials that usually
 BADMINTON
EQUIPMENT

 Badminton Racket :Modern Badminton Rackets are light in weight and don’t weigh
more than 100 grams. The frame of the Racket can be made of common metals
like steel or aluminium. Sometimes rackets are made of alloys, tough carbon fi-
ber, ceramic, or boron. Its length does not exceed 680mm and width does not ex-
ceed 230 mm.

 Shuttlecock : Sixteen feathers fixed in a cork base enveloped in a thin leather

sheet make a shuttlecock. Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are
made from feathers from the wing of a goose. The shuttle weighs between 4.74 to
5.50 grams.

 Badminton Shoes: A good pair of Badminton Shoes provide good grip, cushioning
and some flexibility at the forefoot.

Badminton Accessories
Grip: A grip made of cloth or synthetic fiber absorbs sweat and provides you a drier
feel.

Badminton Clothes: Comfortable T-shirts and shorts, that don’t hinder your movement
are ideal to play Badminton. A cotton round-neck or a collar t-shirts with a pair of
light shorts are usually preferred.

Socks: Wear a pair of thick cotton socks as they help to absorb sweat. They also pre-
vent your feet from slipping inside your shoes. Avoid wearing Nylon socks that don’t
absorb sweat.

Wrist Band: If you perspire a lot, you may consider getting a wrist band that prevents
your sweat from flowing to your racket handle.

Head Band: Wear a Head Band if you wear spectacles. It prevents your lenses from
getting wet and also stops the sweat and hair from getting into your eyes while play-
 BADMINTON
COMMON TERMS

Attacking clear − An offensive player makes this stroke when he shoots the shuttlecock deep into
the opponent’s court.

Backcourt − Back one thirds of the court before the boundary lines on either sides of the net.

Backhand − The stroke that returns shuttle cock to the left of a right-handed player and to the right
of a left-handed player.

Base position − A singles player tries to return to the center of the court during the play; it is also
called Base position of the player.

Baseline − The line that marks the boundary at the breadth of court.

Carry − If the shuttle gets stuck for a while in the wires before getting released, the stroke the player
makes with the racket is called a carry, sling, or throw and is considered illegal.

Drive − A fast shot when the shuttle flies straight over the net but close to it.

Drop shot − A clever shot when the player rapidly drops the shuttle close to the net to the oppo-
nent's court.

Feint − Any pretend shot or movement also called as "balk" that unsettles an opponent before or
during the serve.

Flick − A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation that changes the course of a soft shot into a fast one and
surprises the opponent.

Forecourt − The front one thirds of the half court on both sides of the net, between the net and the
short service line.

Forehand − The stroke that returns a racket to the right side of a right-handed player and to the left
side of a left-handed player.

Game − A game is finished when a player or team scores enough points to win a single contest; it is
a part of a set.

Hairpin net shot − The trajectory of racket is hairpin shaped when a player lifts it from falling close
to the net and sends it to the other side where it drops sharply close to the net.

Half court shot − A low shot to the midcourt, usually used in doubles game.
 BADMINTON
VARIANTS

Speed Badminton

This game is inspired from Tennis, Badminton and Squash, and is fast gaining popu-
larity throughout the world. It doesn’t require a net or any specific court, and players
can play on empty roads, beaches, badminton, or tennis courts.

Two squares, each of 18 feet sides at a distance of 42 feet from each other make the
court. The rackets are of length 58-60 cm and similar to Badminton’s but the material
of strings is different. The ball, called a speeder, is heavier than a badminton shuttle-
cock and can shoot through wind better.

Doubles

The doubles match is a variant of Singles Speed Badminton and is played on a single
court.

The serving rules are tweaked a bit; so that, all four players get a chance to play the
match. A toss or rotating speeder decides who should serve first, and the server ro-
tate among the four players. While the serving player stands at the back court, the
other player stands at the front. The rules of faults are similar. The right to serve
goes to the one who lost the previous rally.

Black Lighting

With proper lighting and fluorescent equipment, you may play speed badminton even
at night. It is a very flexible sport and can be played indoors or outdoors in a court
that is painted or pegged off. In some cases a portable court, similar to a carpet court
is also used.
When played at night, speed badminton is called Blackminton. Back light, fluorescent
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