Correctional System in Philippines: Agencies, Rehabilitation & Reform

Correctional System of the Philippines
 Free Website

 Legal Separation

 Child custody law

 Legal Custody
The Correctional System in the Philippines is composed of six agencies under

three distinct and separate departments of the national government. That
three departments of the national government are the following:
1. The Department of Justice
2. The Department of the Interior and Local Government
3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
Bureau of Corrections - is an agency under the Department of Justice mandated to

carry out institutionalrehabilitation programs of the government for national offenders,
those sentenced to more than three years and to ensure their safe custody. It is
composed of seven operating institutions located all over the country to accept national
prisoners. The central office is located in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City, Metro
Manila, where the director, the assistant director and the general administration
staff are holding official functions.
Bureau of Correction Mandate - The rehabilitation of national prisoners.
Bureau of Correction Slogan - bringing back the dignity of man.
Bureau of Correction Principles

- accomplishing its mandated objectives and performing its assigned functions.
1. To confine prisoners by giving them adequate living spaces as the first conditions to
be met before any effective
rehabilitation programs can be undertaken.
2. To prevent prisoners fro committing crime while in custody.
3. To provide humane treatment by affording them human basic needs in the prison
environment and prohibiting
cruel methods and provide a variety of rehabilitation program.
Bureau of Corrections Operating Institutions

1. New Bilibid Prisons - Muntinlupa City
2. Correctional Institution for Women - Mandaluyong City
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - Puerto Princesa City
4. Davao Prison and Penal Farm - Davao del Norte
5. Sablayan Prison and Penal farm - Occidental Mindoro
6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm - Zamboanga City
7. Leyte Regional Prison - Leyte
Institutional Programs
1. Inmate work program
2. Health care
3. education and skills training
4. Recreation and Sports
5. Religious guidance and behavior modification using the therapeutic community
approach
Penal Management
Corrections - is typically carried out by government agencies and involves the punishment,
treatment, and
supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.

Penology - The study of the punishment of crime and prison management.Is a section of
criminology
that deals with the philosophy and practice to repress criminal activities via an appropriate
treatment
and supervision of persons convicted of criminal offenses.

Punishment - is the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense."The penalty
inflicted".

Prison reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons and aiming a a more effective
penal system.
Prison - is a place in which people are physically confined and usually deprived of a range of
personal freedoms.

Jail - is a short term detention facility.
Halfway house - also called recovery house or sober house - is a place to allow people to begin
the process of reintegration with society while still providing monitoring and support;
this is generally believed to reduce the risk of recidivism or relapse when compared to a release
directly into society.

Rehabilitation - it came from latin word "habilis" literally fit or suitable. Its meaning was
expanded to
mean "restore to sound operation" or "to establish the good reputation".

Solitary confinement - is a special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated fro any
human
contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff.
Jail Prison
 a place of detention; a place  a place of long term

where a person convicted or confinement for those
suspected of a crime is convicted of serious crimes.
detained.  Bureau of Corrections
 BJMP  DOJ
 DILG  holds people convicted of
 holds people awaiting trial crimes;sentenced for a
and people sentenced for a longer term.
short duration.
Zebulon Reed Brockway - regarded as the father of prison reform in the United
States. Believed that the primary reason to have a prisoner in custody was to
rehabilitate and not simply to punish. Warden at the Elmira reformatory from 1876 to
1900. He introduced the following:
1. a program of education
2. training in useful trades
3. physical activity
4. indeterminate sentence
5. inmate classification
6. incentive program.
Alexander Maconochie - (1787 -1860) - a Scottish naval officer, geographer and

penal reformer. His two basic principle of penology were that:
1. as cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment should not be
vindictive but should aim at the reform of the convict to observe social
constraints.
2. a convicts imprisonment should consist of task, not time sentences with release
depending on the performance of a measurable amount of labor.
Modern Form/Method of Punishment
1. Execution - for capital offenses. ex. death by lethal injection

2. Imprisonment/Incarceration
3. Fines
4. Probation and Parole
5. House Arrest - is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to
his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted if allowed at all.
Ancient Form/Method of Punishment
1. shame punishment
2. exile/banishment
3. payment to the victim
4. branding - (Stigmatizing) - is the process by which a mark is burned into the
skin of a living person.
5. flogging - (flagellation) - is the act of methodically beating or whipping the
human body.
6. mutilation - (maiming) - is the act of physical injury that degrades the
appearance or function of any living body usually without causing death.
7. burning
8. beheading
9. torture
* In the Philippines so far, 17 persons were executed
by hanging, 84 persons were executed by electric
chair, 7 persons were executed by lethal injection.
* Majority of inmates confined in national prison did

not finish high school, 6% never went to school or
were illiterate and 3% earned a college degree.
Probation Law of the Philippines PD 968

What is Probation? ans.- is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence
is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer.
Who can apply for Probation? ans. any first time convicted offender who is 18 years old or
above.
Is probation a right? ans. no, it is a mere privilege for adult offenders. Under RA 9344 (Juvenile
Justice and Welfare Act of 2006) a child in conflict with the law (CICL) is granted the right to
probation as an alternative to imprisonment if qualified under the Probation law.
Where shall an application for Probation be filed? ans. the application shall be filed with the
court that tried and sentenced the offender.
What will happen if the application for Probation is denied? ans. the offender will be sent by
the sentencing court to prison to serve his sentence.
When should an application for Probation be filed? ans. anytime before the offender starts
serving his sentence but within 15 days from the promulgation of notice of judgment of
conviction. Under section 42 of RA 9344, The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, the court
may after it shall have sentenced a child in conflict with the law and upon application at anytime
placed the child on probation in lieu of service of his sentence.
May an offender be released from confinement while his application for Probation is
pending?ans. yes, the applicant may be released under the bail he filed in the criminal case or
under recognizance.
How many times can one be granted Probation? ans. only once.
RULES ON GRANT OF PROBATION
1. After having convicted and sentenced a defendant, the trial court may suspend the
execution of the sentence and place the defendant on probation, upon application by the
defendant within the period for perfecting an appeal.
2. Probation may be granted whether the sentenced imposed a a term of imprisonment or fine
only.
3. No application for probation shall be entertained or granted if the defendant has perfected
an appeal.
4. Filing of application for probation operate as a waiver of the right to appeal.
5. The order granting or denying probation shall not be appealable.
6. Accessory penalties are deemed suspended once probation is granted.
7. The convict is not immediately put on probation. There shall be a prior investigation by the
probation officer and a determination by the court.

Will Probation be automatically granted to one whose sentence is 6 years or less? ans. no, the
applicant may be denied by the court if:
1. The offender would be better rehabilitated if he/
she is sent to prison to serve his/her sentence.
2. There is undue risk that the offender will likely
commit another crime.
3. Probation will depreciate the seriousness of the
offense committed.
 Under section 70 of RA 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, the
court may in its discretion, placed the accused under probation even if the sentence
provided under section 11 of the act is higher than that provided under the probation law.
What will happen if a probationer violates the conditions of probation? ans.

1. The court may modify the conditions of probation
or revoke the same.
2. If the violation is serious, the court may order the
probationer to serve his prison sentence.
3. The probationer may also be arrested and criminally
prosecuted if the violation is a criminal offense.
 The court order shall not be subject to appeal.

 Probation is not coterminous with its period. There must be an order issued
by the court discharging the probationer. Upon
finding that he has fulfilled the terms and conditions of his probation, the court may order
the final discharge of the probationer.
This shall have the following effects:
a. case is deemed terminated.
b. all civil rights suspended or lost are
restored.
c. offender's liability for any fine imposed is
discharged.
Who are disqualified from the benefits of probation: ans. 1.

Those sentenced to serve a prison term of more
6 years.
2. Those convicted of any crime against the national
or the public order.
3. Those previously convicted of an offense which is
punished by imprisonment of not less that one
month and one day imprisonment and/or a fine of
not less than P200.
4. Those who have been placed on probation once.
5. Those serving sentence.
6. Those whose conviction is on appeal.
7. Those convicted of an offense against the omnibus
election code, insurgency law, wage rationalization
act.
There are two kinds of conditions imposed upon the offender under probation:

1. Mandatory or general – once violated, the
probation is cancelled.
1) To report to the probation officer within 72
hours after he receives the order of the court
granting probation.
2) To report to his probation officer at least once a
month.
3) not to commit any other offense while on
probation.

2. Discretionary or special – additional conditions
which the court may additionally impose for the
probationer’s correction and rehabilitation outside prison. The enumeration is not exclusive,
as long
as the probationer’s Constitutional rights are not
jeopardized.

How long is the period of probation? ans.

1. not more than 2 years if the sentence of the
offender is 1 year or less.
2. not more than 6 years if the sentence is more than
one year.
3. When the penalty is a fine only and the offender
is made to serve subsidiary imprisonment, probation
shall be twice the total number of days of subsidiary
imprisonment
What is Parole? ans. it is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the
minimum period of his indeterminate sentence.
Who can not be granted parole? ans. generally, those sentenced to a term of

imprisonment of one year or less or to a straight penalty or to a prison sentence
without a minimum term of imprisonment.
Who may grant parole to a prisoner? ans. the board of pardon and parole, an
agency under the Department of Justice.
When may a prisoner be granted parole? ans. whenever the board of pardon and
parole finds that there is a reasonable probability that if released, the prisoner will be
law abiding and that his release will not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of
society and when a prisoner has already served the minimum penalty of his/her
indeterminate sentence of imprisonment.
What happens if a parolee violates the conditions of his parole? ans. he shall
be rearrested and recommitted or returned to prison to served the unexpired portion of
the maximum period of his sentence.
What is executive clemency? ans. it refers to the commutation of sentence,

conditional pardon and absolute pardon may be granted by the president upon
recommendation of the board.
What is commutation of sentence? ans. it is the reduction of the period of a prison

sentence.
What is conditional pardon? ans. it is the conditional exception of a

guilty offender for the punishment imposed by a court.
What is absolute pardon? ans. it is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the
individual to whom it is granted without any condition whatsoever resulting to the full
restoration of his civil rights.
Who may file a petition for conditional pardon?ans. a prisoner who has served at
least one half of the maximum of the original indeterminate and/or definite prison term.
Who may grant commutation of sentence and pardon? ans. the president.
Who may file a petition for commutation of sentence?

ans. the board may review the petition of a prisoner
for commutation of sentence if he/she meets the following minimum requirement:
 at least 1/2 ( one half) of the minimum of his indeterminate and/or definite
prison term or the aggregate minimum of his determinate and/or prison terms.
 at least 10 years for prisoners sentenced to one reclusion perpetua or one life
imprisonment, for crimes/offenses not punishable under RA 7659 and other
special law.
 at least 12 years for prisoners whose sentences were adjusted to 40 years in
accordance with the provisions of article 70 of the RPC as amended.
 at least 15 years for prisoners convicted of heinous crimes as defined in RA 7659
committed on or after January 1, 1994 and sentenced to one reclusion perpetua
or one life imprisonment.
 at least 17 years for prisoners sentenced to 2 or more reclusion perpetua of life
imprisonment even if their sentences were adjusted to 40 years in accordance
with the provision of article 70 of the RPC as amended.
 at least 20 years for those sentenced to death which was automatically
commuted or reduced to reclusion perpetua.
Who may file a petition for absolute pardon?ans. one may file a petition for
absolute pardon if he had served his maximum sentence or granted final release and
discharge or court termination of probation.
Is a prisoner who is released on parole or conditional pardon with parole

conditions placed under supervision? ans. yes, the prisoner is placed under the
supervision of a probation and parole officer.
PD 968 - Probation law of 1976 - this is the title of the decree/law. It took effect July
24, 1976.
Purpose of the law
1. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with

individualized treatment.
2. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender which might be
less probable if he were to serve a prison sentence.
3. prevent the commission of offenses.
Probationer - a person placed on probation.
Probation officer - one who investigates for the court a referral for probation or
supervises a probationer or both.
 The Probation administration shall be headed by the Probation administrator

who shall be appointed by the president of the Philippines.
 There shall be an assistant probation administrator who shall assist the
administrator perform such duties as may be assigned to him by the latter and
as may be provided by law.
Qualifications of the Administrator and Assistant Probation Administrator.

1. at least 35 years of age
2. holder of a masters degree or its equivalent in either criminology, social work,
corrections, penology, psychology, sociology, public administration, law, police
science, police administration or related field.
3. at least 5 years of supervisory experience or be a member of the Philippine bar
with at least 7 years of supervisory experience.
Regional Probation officer and Assistant regional Probation Officer - appointed

by the president upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice.
Provincial and City Probation officer - appointed by the Secretary of justice upon
the recommendation of the administrator and in accordance with civil service law and
rules.
Qualifications of Regional, Assistant Regional, Provincial and City Probation

officers.
1. Bachelors degree with a major in social work, sociology, psychology, criminology,

penology, corrections, police science, administration or related fields.
2. at least 3 years in work requiring any of the above mentioned disciplines or is a
member of the Philippine bar with at least 3 years of supervisory experience.
 when practicable, the provincial or city probation officer shall be appointed from
among qualified residents of the province or city where he will be assigned to
work.
Correctional Administration Review Questions
1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to

suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
extinguish criminal liability.
A. Parole
B.Executive clemency
C. Pardon
D.President’s clemency Answer: B
2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:

A. Executive Department
B. P.N.P.
C. D.I.L.G.
D. D.O.J Answer: C
3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole

officer, which is not included?
A. The trick and treat techniques
B.The executive techniques
C.The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
D.The manipulative techniques Answer: A
4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.

A. Penology School
B. Classical School
C. Neo-classical
D. Positivist Answer: B
5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems

A. Meeting
B. Working
C. Recreation
D. Counselling Answer: D
6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming,

budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial
services. It consolidates and prepares financial reports and
related statements of subsistence outlays and disbursements in
the operational of the jail.
A. Budget and finance branch
B. General services branch
C. Property and supply branch
D. Mess services branch Answer: A
7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe

checked at any time. His beddings, lockers and personal
belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence,
whenever possible. This practice is known as:
A. Check and balance
B. S.O.P.
C. Inventory
D. Operation Greyhound Answer: D
8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.

A. Murder
B. Brigandage
C. Rape
D. Impeachment Answer: D
9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of

sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
A. Recidivism
B. Delinquency
C. Quasi-recidivism
D. City prisoner Answer: C
10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance

and has not been convicted is a -
A. Detention Prisoner
B. Provincial Prisoner
C. Municipal Prisoner
D. City Prisoner Answer: A
11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT

A. Commutation
B. Reform model
C. Amnesty
D. Pardon Answer: B
12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice

System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. conviction
B. corrections
C. penalty
D. punishment Answer: B
13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?

A. before conviction
B. before trial
C. after conviction
D. during service of sentence Answer: B
14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue

his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve
his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. Amnesty
B. good conduct time allowance
C. probation
D. delayed sentence Answer: D
15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT

A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Redress
D. Expiration or atonement Answer: C
16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.

A. already convicted
B. not yet convicted
C. about to be convicted
D. serve the sentence Answer: A
17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson by
showing to others what would happen to them if they have
committed the heinous crime.
A. Protection
B. Deterrence
C. Lethal injection
D.Stoning Answer: B
18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.

A. Punishment
B. Treatment
C. Enjoyment
D. Incarceration Answer: B
19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.

A. Recommendation from U.N.
B. Recommendation from C.H.R.
C. Application from C.H.R
D. Concurrence of the congress Answer: D
20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the

A. Director
B. Secretary of the DND
C. Chief of Executive
D. Prison Inspector Answer: A
21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual
regeneration of the prisoner?
A. None of these
B.Work programs
C.Education programs
D.Religious programs Answer: D
22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted

to enter the place designated in the sentence or within the radius
therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less
than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
A. Fine
B. None of these
C. P22.00/day
D. P19.00/day Answer: B
23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to

others is the theory of
A. Self-defense
B. Social defense
C. Exemplary
D. Equality Answer: C
24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to

A. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a
penitent offender
B. prevent the commission of offenses
C. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender
by providing him with individualized treatment
D. All of these Answer: D
25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the

National Prison is
A. Excessive number of escapes
B. Overcrowding
C. Disagreement about their mess
D. Lack of adequate funding Answer: D
26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can assume
the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Justice
B. Personal
C. Legal
D. Certain Answer: B
27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;

A. Age of offenders
B. Mother of offender
C. Sex of offenders
D. Medical condition Answer: B
28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu,
makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the food and
serves it to the inmates. It maintains a record of daily purchases
and consumption and submits a daily report to the warden.
A. General Services Branch
B. Mittimus Computing Branch
C. Budget and Finance
D. Mess services Branch Answer: D
29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines

Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
A. Department of Justice
B. Judiciary
C. Chief Executive
D. Legislative Answer: C
30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called

A. Reprieve
B. Pardon
C. Communication
D. Amnesty Answer: A
31. Parole is a matter of ___.

A. Privilege
B. Right
C. Grace
D. Requirement Answer: A
32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as

dangerous as the super security prisoners. They are not
allowed to work outside the institution.
A. maximum security prisoners
B. super security prisoners
C. minimum security prisoners
D. medium security prisoners Answer: A
33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant parole?
A. President
B. Board of Pardons and Parole
C. Director of Prison
D. Court Answer: B
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil

liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. partially exempted
B. exempted
C. conditionally exempted
D. not exempted Answer: D
35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to

a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
A. Amnesty
B. Commutation
C. Reprieve
D. none of these Answer: B
36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to
it as a matter of right.
A. Pardon
B. Parole
C. Probation
D. none of these Answer: B
37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated

that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
A. challenge
B. none of these
C. change
D. aggravate his behavior Answer: C
38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.

A. Department of Social Welfare and Development
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Health Answer: B
39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three

(3) years is a _________________.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Detention prisoner
C. National or Insular prisoner
D. City prisoner Answer: D
40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the

A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. Warden Answer: B
41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. Lock up Jails
D. Insular Jails Answer: B
42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the

American Regime. At present, who supervises and controls the
said jails?
A. BJMP
B. Provincial Government
C. DOJ
D. Municipal or City Mayor Answer: B
43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?

A. Rehabilitation and Reformation
B. To stand trial
C. Punishment
D. Socialization Answer: A
44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or

court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
A. Jail
B. Lock-up
C. Penitentiary
D. Detention Cells Answer: A
45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and
signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or
detention?
A. Mittimus
B. Detention Mittimus
C. Sentence Mittimus
D. Detention Warrant Answer: C
46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people who

by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation
of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve
judgment is called –
A. custody
B. safe-keeping
C. classification
D. caring Answer: A
47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders

according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.?
A. None of these
B. Custody
C. Security
D. Safe-keeping Answer: A

48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners
in the Philippines is the
A. NBP
B. Medium Security Institution
C. Maximum Security Institution
D. Minimum Security Institution Answer: B
49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the

state which exempts an individual from the punishment which the
law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the President
thru the recommendation of the Board of Parole and Pardon is
called
A. Amnesty
B. Parole
C. Pardon
D. Probation Answer: C
50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison
uniform for maximum security prison is -
A. Orange
B. Brown
C. Stripe Orange
D. Blue Answer: A
51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission, it

means:
A. He has taken the process of identification, record,
fingerprint and photograph
B. He has been examined for contraband
C. His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
D. All of these Answer: B
52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he

A. earned good conduct time allowance credit
B. serve minimum sentence
C. earned good behavior while serving prison term
D. all of these Answer: D
53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its
latest objective, the
A. reformation of offenders
B. deterrence
C. segregation of offender
D. confinement of Offender Answer: A
54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners are
confined at the
A. NBP Main Prison
B. Camp Bukang Liwayway
C. Camp Sampaguita
D. Medium Security Prison Answer: C
55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of
disciplinary cases in prison?
A. Classification Board
B. Parole Board
C. Administrative Board
D. Disciplinary Board Answer: D
56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a

prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a correctional
A. Conditional pardon
B. Probation
C. Parole
D. Commutation Answer: C
57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of

the Custodial Division?
A. Supervision of prisoners
B. Escort of inmates or prisoners
C. Keeping of records
D. None of the above Answer: B
58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting
the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is
referred to as:
A. Imprisonment
B. Trial
C. Conviction
D. Detention Answer: A
59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in

the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in ____.
A. Palawan
B. Zamboanga
C. Davao
D. Occidental Mindoro Answer: D
60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest

code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is nearly.
100 years older
A. Hammurabic Code
B. Sumerian Code
C. Justinian Code
D. Code of Draco Answer: B
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain. This means
that:
A. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
B. No one must escape its effect
C. It must be equal for all persons
D. The consequence must be in accordance
with law. Answer: B
62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison,
except:
A. Censor offender’s items
B. Escort inmates
C. Inspect security devices
D. Conduct disciplinary hearing Answer: D
63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has

just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
centers shall immediately:
A. sound the alarm
B. locked prisoners in their respective cells
C. Notify the nearest police precinct
D. call the warden or the director Answer: A
64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force
shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
A. plug off the escape routes
B. to shoot the escapees
C. protect the other inmates
D. to give warning shots Answer: A
65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which

grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not
more than six (6) years?
A. PD 603
B. RA 698
C. PD 968
D. PD 869 Answer: C
66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and

probationer is known as –
A. Affiliation Guidance
B. Pre-sentenced Investigation
C. Supervision
D. Probation Guidance Answer: C
67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation
Law:
A. are qualified to apply for probation
B. are disqualified to apply for probation
C. may be granted for another probation
D. should be confined in prison Answer: B
68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has been

regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
recidivism and habitual offenders.
A. law enforcement
B. prosecution
C. court
D. correction Answer: D
69. The traditional goal of penology is

A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of

punishment.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she

may not commit another crime in the future.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: D
72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the

mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry
at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: A
73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and

served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
housing and support for older and poorer persons,
and detained vagrants.
A. House of Corrections
B. Workhouses
C. Common jails
D. Penal colonies Answer: B
74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation

of all district, city and municipal jails to implement a better
system of jail management nationwide
A. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
B. Department of Justice
C. Bureau of Corrections
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: A
75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.

A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: C
76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with

custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those
sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three
(3) years
A. BJMP
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: B
77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women
(CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan Prison and
Penal Farm are all under this agency.
A. BJMP
D. Department of Justice Answer: B
78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides

a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders who are
likely to respond to individualized community based treatment
programs.
A. BJMP
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: D
79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to capital
punishment are considered
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: D
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months are
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: A
81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term

penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and silence.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: A
82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to work

outside the institution that houses them.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: B
83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted person

served a part of his sentence and is allowed to complete a
sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: C
84. An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted persons

to remain at large and under varying degrees of restriction
and supervision and certain conditions imposed by the
granting court.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: A
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain

persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
offenders for a short period of time.
A. Halfway houses
B. Penal colonies
C. Jails
D. All of these Answer: C
86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain

convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
including those who are waiting their death sentence.
A. Halfway house
B. Farm house
C. Jail
D. Prison Answer: D
87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
A. RA 8551
B. RA 9165
C. RA 6975
D. RA 4890 Answer: C
88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?

A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
(1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one
(1) day up Answer: C
89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally

responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
A. Positivist Theory
B. Psychological Theory
C. Biological Theory
D. Classical Theory Answer: D
90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that requires

the concurrence of congress?
A. Probation
B. Pardon
C. Amnesty
D. Parole Answer: C
91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the _____

Correctional Program.
A. Institutional
B. Integrated
C. Community – based
D. Traditional Answer: C
92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is

referred to as
A. a corporal punishment
B. a determinate sentence
C. an indeterminate sentence
D. a capital punishment Answer: C
93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for the

losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty
described?
A. Bond
B. Retribution
C. Restitution
D. Remuneration Answer: C
94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various product or

good producing tasks?
A. Agricultural
B. Operational
C. Industrial
D. Administrative Answer: C
95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as

gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
A. Complex Crime
B. Compound Crime
C. Blue Collar crimes
D. Victimless crimes Answer: D
96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and

qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
A. Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
D. None of the above Answer: D
97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?

A. Make periodic report
B. Go and play in the gambling den
C. Work regularly to support family
D. Stay away from bad associates. Answer: B
98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals

convicted and meted out the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day
B. Death
C. Life imprisonment
D. 6 years one month and one day Answer: B
99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal

disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal brain activity.
A. None of these
B. Age Reform
C. Age of Discernment
D. Age of Reason Answer: A
100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting

trial?
A. Rehabilitation center
B. Jail
C. Halfway house
D. Prison Answer: B
101. Articles 1706 - 1727 of the revised Administrative Code as

amended is known as
A. Correction Law
B. Jail Management Law
C. Prison Law
D. Parole and Probation Law Answer: C
102. The mechanical device or contrivance, tools or implement used to

hold back, keep in check or under control is the
A. Instrument of Restraint
B. Iron leg Lock
C. Handcuffs
D. Metallic chains Answer: A
103. Who is tasked with the gathering and collecting of information and
other data of every prisoner into a case study to determine the
work assignment, the type supervision and degree of custody and
restriction under which an offender must live in jail?
A. Classification Board
B . Board of Custody
C. Diagnostic Board
D. Treatment Board Answer: A
104. The imprisonment a convicted offender may serve, at the rate of
PhP8.00 a day subject to certain rules, for failure to pay a fine and
if ordered to do so by the judgment is referred to as
A. Subsidiary imprisonment
B. Secondary imprisonment
C. Preventive imprisonment
D. None of the above Answer: A
105. The meaning of the word oblivion is

A. forgetting completely
B. class of persons
C. abolish
D. community based treatment Answer: A
106. The process of determining the needs and requirements of

prisoners for assigning them to programs according to their
existing resources is called:
A. classification
B. quarantine
C. diversification
D. quality control Answer: C
107. Public humiliation or public exhibition also mean:

A. public execution
B. social degradation
C. banishment
D. public trial Answer: B
108. During the 16th up to the 18th century, a criminal may be sent
away from a place carried out by prohibition to coming against a
specified territory. This is an ancient form of punishment called:
A. Exile
B. Transportation
C. Banishment
D. Public trial Answer: C
109. One of the following represents the earliest codification of the

Roman law, which was incorporated into the Justinian Code.
A. Twelve Tables
B. Burgundian Code
C. Code of Draco
D. Hammurabic code Answer: A
110. In the history of correction, thinkers during the reformatory

movement were the major influences of today’s correctional
system. Alexander Macanochie was the one who introduced the __
of correction
A. Solitary system
B. Irish System
C. Marked System
D. Congregate system Answer: C
111. What law renamed the Bureau of Prison to Bureau of Correction

during the Aquino administration in the Philippines?
A. E.O 727
B. E.O 292
C. E.O 645
D. E.O 104 Answer: B
112. Retaliation is the earliest remedy for a wrong act to any one (in
the primitive society). The concept follows that the victim’s family
or tribe against the family or tribe of the offender, hence “blood
feuds” was accepted in the early primitive societies. Retaliation
means:
A. Personal Vengeance
B. Tooth for a tooth
C. Eye for an Eye
D. All of these Answer: A
113. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property with
the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site for boys’ training
school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used as the Manila
City Jail, famous as the :
A. “ May Halique Estate”
B. “Tandang Sora State”
C. New Bilibid Jail
D. Muntinlupa Jail Answer: A
114. The sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and
fortune to prison reform. After his findings on English Prisons, he
recommended the following: single cells for sleeping, segregation
of women, segregation of youth, provision of sanitation facilities,
and abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained money from
prisoners.
A. John Howard
B. Robert Peel
C. William Penn
D. Manuel Montesimos Answer: A
115. Mr. Cruz was convicted of the crime of murder. After 10 days from
the promulgation of the sentence, he escaped from his place of
confinement. He maybe
A. liable for evasion of service of sentence
B. considered as an escaped prisoner
C. not liable for evasion of service of sentence
D. All of these Answer: A
116. Ms. Bantog was convicted for the crime of infanticide. After
serving her sentence she committed again the same crime. Ms Ines
Bantog maybe considered as a
A. recidivist
B. quasi-recidivist
C. habitual delinguent
D. mentally retarded person Answer: A
117. Ramon, a basketball player, arrested Berto for some legal ground
but he failed to file a complaint against the latter with in the
prescribed period of filing. What crime did Ramon committed?
A. arbitrary detention
B. illegal Detention
C. illegal arrest
D. no crime committed Answer: B
118. The Camp Sampaguita of the national Bilibid Prison houses

A. Super Maximum Security Prisoners
B. Maximum Security Prisoners
C. Medium Security Prisoners
D. Minimum Security Prisoners Answer: C
119. The only early Roman place of confinement which was built under
the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
A. Bridewell Workhouse
B. Wulnut Street Jail
C. Burgundian House
D. none of these Answer: D
120. The punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is
violated, to afford the society or individual the opportunity of
imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be
enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.
This is one justification of punishment called:
A. Atonement
B. Incapacitation
C. Deterrence
D. Retribution Answer: D
121. The purpose of commutation of sentence is to:

A. do away with the miscarriage of justice
B. break the rigidity of the law
C. restore the political and civil rights of the accused
D. all of the above Answer: D
122. One of the following is an admission procedure which involves the

frisking of the prisoner.
A. Identification
B. Searching
C. Briefing/Orientation
D. minimum security prisoners Answer: B
123. If the warden is taken as the hostage, for all intents and
purposes, he ceases to exercise authority and the next in
command or the __________ officer present shall assume the
command.
A. Veteran
B. Assistant
C. Most senior
D. Custodian Answer: C
124. Upon receipt of the probation officer investigation report, the

court shall resolve the application for probation not later than-
A. 60 days
B. 5 days
C. 15 days
D. 45 days Answer: B
125. Who is the Father of Philippine Probation?

A. Jose Lacson
B. Juan Ponce Enrile
C. Antonio Torres
D. None of these Answer: D
126. What is the country, whose early schemes for humanizing the
criminal justice under it’s common law, originated probation.
A. England
B. United States
C. Greece
D. France Answer: A
127. Which of the following does not belong to the common law
practices to which the emergence of probation is attributed?
A. Recognizance
B. Reprieve
C. Benefit of the Clergy
D. Penance Answer: D
128. Benefit of clergy, judicial reprieve, sanctuary, and abjuration

offered offenders a degree of protection from the enactment of
A. harsh sentences
B. soft sentences
C. criminal liabilities
D. code of Hammurabi Answer: A
129. In the United States, particularly in Massachusetts, different

practices were being developed. "Security for good behavior," also
known as good aberrance, was much like modern bail.
A. Penalizing
B. Good aberrance
C. Paying in cash
D. Collateral Answer: B
130. Who among the following was the builder hospice of San Michelle,
a reformatory for delinquent boys
A. Montesquieu
B. Pope Clement XI
C. Samuel Romily
D. John Howard Answer: B
131. The advocate of ultimate prison known as “the Panopticon” was

A. Jeremy Bentham
B. Samuel Romily
C. Walter Crofton
D. John Howard Answer: A
132. The founder of the Classical School of Criminology and published a

short treaties “ On Crimes and Punishments” which contains his
reformatory ideas was
A. Jeremy Bentham
B. Cesare Lombroso
C. Cesare Beccaria
D. Enrico Ferri Answer: C
133. Diversification means

A. Proper integration of prisoners
B. Proper classification of prisoners
C. Proper segregation of prisoners
D. Welfare of prisoners Answer: C
134. Filipino female national prisoners are confined at the

A. Mental hospital
B. CIW
C. Manila City Jail
D. Iwahig Penal Colony Answer: B
135. An offender who surrenders from escaping because of calamity

immediately 48 hours after the pronouncement of the passing
away of calamity shall be granted
A. 1/5 reduction of sentence
B. ½ reduction of sentence
C. 2/5 reduction of sentence
D. 2/6 reduction of sentence Answer: B
136. What is the name of the prison institution situated in Zamboanga,

named after Capt. Blanco of the Spanish Royal Army?
A. Old Bilibid Prison
B. Sablayan Prsions and Penal Farm
C. San Ramon Prison & Penal Farm
D. Iwahig Penal Answer: C
137. A branch or division of law which defines crimes, treat of their

nature and provides for their punishment
A. Remedial law
B. Criminal law
C. Civil law
D.Political law Answer: B
138. One who investigates for the court a referral for probation or
supervises a probationer or both
A. police officer
B. probationer officer
C. intelligence officer
D. law enforcer Answer: B
139. Post sentence investigation report must be submitted by the

probation officer to the court within
A. 20 days
B. 30 days
C. 60 days
D. 90 days Answer: C
140. Parole in the Philippine is governed by the

A. determinate sentence law
B. Indeterminate sentence law
C. Board of pardon and parole
D. Parole and probation administration Answer: B
141. A detention jail in Philadelphia but it was converted into state

prison and became the first American penitentiary.
A. Auburn Prison
B. Walnut Street Jail
C. Pennsylvania Prison
D. Bride Well Answer: B
142. The system of prison were the confinement of the prisoners in
single cells at night and congregate work in stop during the day
A. Pennsylvania prison
B. Auburn prison
C. Elmira reformatory
D. Alcatraz prison Answer: B
143. Under the rules, the chairman of the classification board and
disciplinary board for jails should be
A. Warden
B. Assistant warden
C.Custodial officer
D. Security officer Answer: B
144. A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible, intractable

and dangerous persons who are so difficult to manage inside
prisons.
A.Medium Security prisoners

Correctional System in Philippines: Agencies, Rehabilitation & Reform

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Correctional System in Philippines: Agencies, Rehabilitation & Reform

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Correctional System of the Philippines

The Correctional System in the Philippines is composed of six agencies under

Bureau of Corrections - is an agency under the Department of Justice mandated to

Bureau of Correction Mandate - The rehabilitation of national prisoners.

Bureau of Correction Slogan - bringing back the dignity of man.

Bureau of Correction Principles

Bureau of Corrections Operating Institutions

Corrections - is typically carried out by government agencies and involves the punishment,

and supervision of persons convicted of criminal offenses.

directly into society.

mean "restore to sound operation" or "to establish the good reputation".

contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff.

 a place of detention; a place  a place of long term

Alexander Maconochie - (1787 -1860) - a Scottish naval officer, geographer and

Modern Form/Method of Punishment

1. Execution - for capital offenses. ex. death by lethal injection

Ancient Form/Method of Punishment

* Majority of inmates confined in national prison did

How many times can one be granted Probation? ans. only once.

RULES ON GRANT OF PROBATION

What will happen if a probationer violates the conditions of probation? ans.

 The court order shall not be subject to appeal.

Who are disqualified from the benefits of probation: ans. 1.

How long is the period of probation? ans.

Who can not be granted parole? ans. generally, those sentenced to a term of

What is executive clemency? ans. it refers to the commutation of sentence,

What is commutation of sentence? ans. it is the reduction of the period of a prison

What is conditional pardon? ans. it is the conditional exception of a

Who may grant commutation of sentence and pardon? ans. the president.

Who may file a petition for commutation of sentence?

Is a prisoner who is released on parole or conditional pardon with parole

Purpose of the law

1. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with

Probationer - a person placed on probation.

 The Probation administration shall be headed by the Probation administrator

Qualifications of the Administrator and Assistant Probation Administrator.

Regional Probation officer and Assistant regional Probation Officer - appointed

Qualifications of Regional, Assistant Regional, Provincial and City Probation

1. Bachelors degree with a major in social work, sociology, psychology, criminology,

1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to

2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:

3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole

4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.

5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems

6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming,

7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe

8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.

9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of

10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance

11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT

12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice

13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?

14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue

15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT

16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.

18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.

19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.

20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the

22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted

23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to

24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to

25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the

27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;