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STA 101 Introduction To Statistics: Course Syllabus
STA 101 Introduction To Statistics: Course Syllabus
STA 101
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
CONTENT OVERVIEW
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Course Prerequisites (if any)
High-school algebra
.
Course Description
Statistics is the art of using data to make numerical conjectures about problems.
Descriptive statistics is the art of summarizing data. Topics include: histograms, the
average, the standard deviation, the normal curve, correlation. Much statistical reasoning
depends on the theory of probability. Topics include: chance models, expected value,
standard error, probability histograms, convergence to the normal curve. Statistical
inference is the art of making valid generalisations from samples. Topics include:
estimation, measurement error, tests of statistical significance
Further description
This is an introductory course in statistics designed to provide students with the basic
concepts of data analysis and statistical computing. Topics covered include basic
descriptive measures, measures of association, probability theory, confidence
intervals, and hypothesis testing. The main objective is to provide students with
pragmatic tools for assessing statistical claims and conducting their own statistical
analyses.
In terms of knowledge:
➢ Demonstrate their understanding of descriptive statistics by practical
application of quantitative reasoning and data visualization
➢ Demonstrate their knowledge of the basics of inferential statistics by making
valid generalizations from sample data
In terms of skills
➢ Use R and Excel to conduct statistical analysis
➢ Recognize pitfalls in using statistical methodology
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LINK BETWEEN MAJOR OBJECTIVES, COURSE OBJECTIVES, TEACHING
METHODS, ASSIGNMENTS AND FEEDBACK
Summary:
Number of assignments used in this course: 4
Number of Feedback occasions in this course (either written or oral): 4
Number and Types of Teaching Methods: 5
Apply knowledge of Demonstrate their ability to Lectures, problem Homework Written and oral
different functional fields interpret statistical outputs to solving exercises assignments feedback from the
of business to analysis of inform business-oriented instructor within a
business-oriented decisions week of HW
problems and solutions submission and one
week after the
exams
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Main Course Materials (please note that you can find the readings for each
week and session in the Course Schedule section below):
The course material consists of powerpoint presentations, lecture notes and readings
from the textbook. Powerpoint presentations will be made available after the
respective classes have taken place. A week-by-week overview of the course
readings can be found in the section below.
Textbook:
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Active Learning and Intensive ‘Reading around the Subject’: Additional
Sources, Recommended Journals and Websites:
Websites of Interest:
http://onlinestatbook.com/rvls/index.html
https://www.youtube.com/user/statisticsfun
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Work Load Calculation for this Course:
This course counts for 6 ECTS, which translates into 150 – 180 hours for the entire
semester for this course. This means that you are expected to spend roughly 10
hours per week on this course. This includes 3 hours of lectures or seminars per
week and 7 hours ‘out of class’ time spent on preparatory readings, studying time for
exams as well as time spent on preparing your assignments. Please see below the
estimated breakdown of your work-load for this course.
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Course Assessment: Assignments Overview
The students will be evaluated on the basis of their performance in the following
assignments:
Vesalius College grading policy follows the American system of letter grades, which
correspond to a point scale from 0 – 100. All assignments (including exams) must
be graded on the scale of 0-100. To comply with the Flemish Educational norms,
professors should on request also provide the conversion of the grade on the Flemish
scale of 0-20. The conversion table below outlines the grade equivalents.
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Description of Activities, Grading Criteria and Deadlines:
Mid-Term Exam and Final Exam (35% each): The exams will consist of short
questions that will test understanding of statistical concepts and 3-4 problems that
will be similar to the problem sets assigned for homework assignments and the in-
class exercises. Bring your student ID, a mechanical pencil, an eraser, a pen, a ruler
with a centimeter scale, and a calculator. Makeup examinations will be allowed only
in an extreme emergency, which must be documented by a physician or college
official, in advance when possible.
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Rubrics: Transparent Grading Criteria For Each Assignment
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Rubrics for the Mid-Term Exam and the Final Exam
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Vesalius College Attendance Policy
Because the College is committed to providing students with high-quality classes and
ample opportunity for teacher-student interaction, it is imperative that students
regularly attend class. As such, Vesalius College has a strict attendance policy.
Participation in class meetings is mandatory, except in case of a medical emergency
(e.g. sickness). Students need to provide evidence for missing class (doctor’s note).
If evidence is provided, the missed class is considered as an excused class. If no
evidence is provided, the missed class is counted as an absence. If students are
absent for two classes, the course instructor alerts the student’s advisor.
Participation implies that students are on time: as a general rule, the College advises
that students should be punctual in this regard, but it is up to the professor to decide
whether to count late arrivals as absences, or not.
Preparation for class: Carefully read the materials indicated in the course schedule
before coming to class. Statistics is a sequential subject: new topics build on
concepts introduced before, so it is crucial to keep up with the material as we go
along and to regularly review concepts. We will work on statistical problems in class. I
expect you to actively work the problems, and be prepared to briefly present the
results of your work to the other students. You should bring laptop to class for the
sessions indicated in the course schedule.
Late assignments: Homework assignments are due at the beginning of the class.
Late assignments will not be accepted unless there are serious legitimate reasons.
Provision of a signed medical note is required, and notice must be given prior to the
deadline.
Returning the originals of written work: During the semester, you should make
photocopies of your graded written work (assignments and midterm exam) and return
the originals to me (needed for inspection by the external examiners and the
accreditation body).
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Please consult the Section “Avoiding Plagiarism” in the College Catalogue for further
guidance.
Turnitin
All written assignments that graded and count for more than 10% towards the final
course grade need to be submitted via the anti-plagiarism software Turnitin. You will
receive from your professor a unique password and access code for your Class.
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Course Schedule (Overview)
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Detailed Session-by-Session Course Outline
In the outline below, OI refers to the OpenIntro Statistics while SG refers to the
Student’s Guide to R.
Guiding questions:
1. Give an example of treatment and response from your major field of study.
2. What is a confounding variable? Give an example, referring to the case you cited
for question (1).
3. Give an example of an observational study from your major field of study.
4. How does an observational study diff er from a controlled experiment?
5. What is the difference between causation and correlation?
6. How does random assignment help with estimating a causal effect?
7. What are the main types of variables?
8. Give examples from your major of: a qualitative variable that is nominal; a
qualitative variable that is ordinal; a discrete quantitative variable; a continuous
quantitative variable.
Guiding questions:
1. What features of the distribution are apparent in a histogram?
2. What features of the distribution are apparent in a box plot?
3. Why is it important to look for outliers?
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Week 2, Session 4 (Thursday, 1 February 2018)
Required reading:
OI: Ch. 1: Pp. 26-42
SG: Ch. 3: Pp. 27-33
Bring a laptop to class
Guiding questions:
1. Give an example from your major field of study of a situation where the median is a
better measure of central tendency of data than the average.
2. What is a standard deviation and why is it important?
Assignment 1 is assigned
Guiding questions:
1. What is a contingency table?
2. What conclusions can be drawn from a contingency table?
Guiding questions:
1. Which graphs are mostly used to present categorical data?
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Week 4, Session 7 (Tuesday, 13 February 2018)
Guiding questions:
1. What rules do need to be satisfied by probability distributions?
2. What are the addition and multiplication rules?
3. When are two events mutually exclusive?
4. When are two events independent?
Assignment 1 is due
Assignment 2 is assigned
Guiding questions:
1. Give an example from your major of a conditional chance.
Guiding questions:
1. What is the diff erence between an average and an expected value?
Normal distribution
Required reading:
OI: Ch. 3: Pp. 127-137
SG: Ch. 11: Pp. 83-87
Bring a laptop to class
Guiding questions:
1. What are the properties of the normal distribution?
2. What is a z-score?
3. Describe the empirical rule.
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Week 6, Session 11 (Tuesday, 27 February 2018)
Guiding questions:
1. Why is it important to evaluate the appropriateness of the normality assumption?
Binomial distribution
Required reading:
OI: Ch. 3: Pp. 145-152
SG: Ch. 11: Pp. 83-87
Bring a laptop to class
Guiding questions:
1. What are the properties of the binomial distribution?
2. When is it appropriate to use the binomial distribution?
Assignment 2 is due
Midterm exam
Covers all material covered to date. Bring your student ID, a mechanical pencil, an
eraser, a pen, a ruler with a centimeter scale, and a calculator.
Guiding questions:
1. What is the sampling distribution of a point estimate?
2. What is the difference between a standard deviation and a standard error?
Assignment 3 is assigned
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Week 8, Session 16 (Thursday, 15 March 2018)
Confidence intervals
Required reading:
OI: Ch. 4: Pp. 174-180
SG: Ch. 3: Pg. 8
Bring a laptop to class
Guiding questions:
1. How do we compute a confidence interval?
2. How do we interpret a confidence interval?
Hypothesis testing
Required reading:
OI: Ch. 4: Pp. 180-194
Guiding questions:
1. What is the difference between a null and an alternative hypothesis?
2. How do we interpret a p-value?
3. How do we test a hypothesis using the p-value?
4. What is the difference between Type I and Type II error?
Guiding questions:
1. What is the essence of the central limit theorem?
2. What is the practical value of the theorem?
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Week 10, Session 19 (Tuesday, 27 March 2018)
Guiding questions:
1. What are the properties of the t-distribution?
2. When do we use the t-distribution for inference?
3. When do we reject the null hypothesis about a population mean?
Assignment 3 is due
Assignment 4 is assigned
Guiding questions:
1. Give an example from your major field of study of a situation about when and why
it is it useful to compare means across the groups?
2. What does an “independent group” mean?
3. What are “paired data”?
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Week 12, Session 23 (Tuesday, 24 April 2018)
Guiding questions:
1. Why do we compare many means using ANOVA instead of using many t-tests?
2. What are the conditions to check before performing ANOVA?
3. What type of test is ANOVA?
Assignment 4 is due
Guiding questions:
1. Categorical data have no means. What do you compare when you draw inference
from categorical data?
2. How does the hypothesis test for categorical data differ from the hypothesis test for
numerical data?
Revision
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Week 14, Session 28 (Thursday, 10 May 2018)
Public holiday
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