CityDevP PDF

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ADB - Asian Development Bank

AMC - Agartala Municipal Council
AH - Asian Highways
ALTID - Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development
AAQ - Ambient Air Quality
ASI - Archaeological Survey of India
AV - Annual Value
AIFC - Average Incremental Financial Cost
ASP - Activated sludge Process
BPL - Below Poverty Line
BIS - Bureau of Indian Standard
BOD - Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand
BCPP - Biodiversity conservation Prioritization Project
CDP - City Development Plan
CPC - Chairperson in Council Committee
CDS - Community Development Structures
CGWB - Central Ground Water Board
CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board
CEO - Chief executive officer
CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization
DFO - Divisional Forest Officers
EPIP - Export Promotion Industrial Park
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
GAPA - Greater Agartala Planning Area
GoI - Government of India
GoT - Government of Tripura
HIG - High Income Group
IRP - Iron Removal plant
ILCS - Integrated Low Cost Sanitation
IMR - Indo-Myanmar range
JNNURM - Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
LIG - Low Income Group
lpcpd - Liters Per Capita Per Day
LCS - Low Cost sanitation scheme
MIG - Middle Income Group
MP - Marginally Poor
MLD - Million Liters Per Day
MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests
MSW - Municipal Solid Wastes
NH - National Highways
NSDP - National Slum Development Programme
NGOs - Non-Governmental Organizations
NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
OHTs - Overhead Tanks
PSP - Private Sector Participation
PHD - Public Health Division
PHED - Public Health Engineering Department
PWD - Public Works Department
ppm - parts per million
RoW - right of way
SES - Socio Economic Survey
SDP - State Domestic Product
SHGs - Self Help Groups
SFC - State Finance Commission
SEC - State Election Commission
Government of Tripura a Urban Development Department

Preparation of City Development Plan for Agartala
SJSRY - Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana

SIPARD - State Institution for Public Administration and Rural Development
SWM - Solid Waste Management
SFD - State Forest Department
SR - Service Reservoirs
STP - Sewage Treatment Plant
SWHR - Solid Waste Handling Rules
TAR - Trans Asian Railways
T&CS - Thrift and Credit Societies
TLC - Total Literacy Campaign
TRTC - Tripura Road Transport Corporation
UPE - Urban Poverty Eradication
USEP - Urban Self Employment Programme
UWEP - Urban Wage Employment Programme
UPE - Urban Poverty Eradication Cell
UD - Urban Development
uPVC - Unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride
UFW - Unaccounted For Water
VAMBAY - Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana
Government of Tripura b Urban Development Department

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1-1
1.1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CDP.....................................................................................1-2
1.2. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS.................................................................1-3
1.2.1. CONSULTATIONS.............................................................................................................1-4
1.2.2. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP ............................................................1-4
1.3. VISION STATEMENTS EMERGING FROM CONSULTATIONS......................................1-5
1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL REPORT ...........................................................................1-6
2. CITY LOCATION & REGIONAL CONTEXT .....................................................................2-1

2.1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY.....................................................................................................2-1
2.2. LOCATION OF THE CITY .................................................................................................2-1
2.3. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................2-1
2.4. TOPOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................2-1
2.5. REGIONAL SETTINGS......................................................................................................2-1
2.6. HISTORY AND CULTURE ................................................................................................2-2
2.7. EVOLUTION OF AGARTALA CITY...................................................................................2-3
3. SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE.............................................................................3-1

3.1. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS...................................................................................3-1
3.1.1. GREATER AGARTALA PLANNING AREA .......................................................................3-1
3.1.2. AGARTALA MUNICIPAL AREA ........................................................................................3-2
3.2. POPULATION DENSITY ...................................................................................................3-3
3.3. LITERACY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................3-6
3.4. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................................3-7
3.4.1. PLACE OF BIRTH..............................................................................................................3-7
3.4.2. AGE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................3-8
3.4.3. RELIGION ..........................................................................................................................3-9
3.4.4. SOCIAL GROUPS .............................................................................................................3-9
3.5. POPULATION PROJECTION..........................................................................................3-10
4. URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT .................................................................................4-1

4.1. PHYSICAL GROWTH PATTERN ......................................................................................4-1
4.2. EXISTING LAND USE .......................................................................................................4-1
4.3. PROPOSED LAND USE....................................................................................................4-4
4.4. DIRECTION OF PHYSICAL GROWTH .............................................................................4-4
4.5. CONSTRAINTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT.............................................................4-6
4.6. FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION..........................................................................4-7
4.7. ISSUES ..............................................................................................................................4-8
5. ECONOMIC PROFILE.......................................................................................................5-1
5.1. WORK PARTICIPATION AND OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE......................................5-1
5.2. HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS ...............................................5-2
5.2.1. INCOME DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................................................5-3
5.3. STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT.........................................................................................5-4
5.3.1. SECTORAL CONTRIBUTION TO INCOME......................................................................5-5
5.3.2. CITY INCOME....................................................................................................................5-6
5.4. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................5-6
5.5. TOURISM...........................................................................................................................5-7
5.6. TRADE AND COMMERCE................................................................................................5-8
5.7. PROPOSED NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES...................................................................5-9
5.8. GOVERNMENT POLICIES..............................................................................................5-11
Government of Tripura I Urban Development Department

5.8.1. INDIA’S LOOK EAST POLICY.........................................................................................5-11

5.8.2. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS ........................................................................................5-11
5.8.3. ASIAN HIGHWAYS..........................................................................................................5-11
5.8.4. TRANS ASIAN RAILWAY (TAR) .....................................................................................5-12
5.9. ISSUES ............................................................................................................................5-12
6. URBAN POOR AND HOUSING........................................................................................6-1

6.1. ESTIMATES OF POOR .....................................................................................................6-1
6.2. REVIEW OF URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ...................................6-3
6.2.1. INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION................................................6-3
6.3. SLUMS...............................................................................................................................6-6
6.3.1. CRITERIA FOR SLUM IDENTIFICATION .........................................................................6-7
6.3.2. ESTIMATES OF SLUM POPULATION .............................................................................6-7
6.3.3. DISTRIBUTION OF SLUMS ..............................................................................................6-8
6.3.4. SLUM UPGRADATION PROJECTS ...............................................................................6-10
6.4. URBAN HOUSING...........................................................................................................6-11
6.4.1. TYPES OF HOUSING......................................................................................................6-12
6.5. ISSUES ............................................................................................................................6-13
7. URBAN SERVICES ...........................................................................................................7-1

7.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................7-1
7.2. WATER SUPPLY ...............................................................................................................7-1
7.2.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................7-1
7.2.2. SOURCE............................................................................................................................7-1
7.2.3. RESERVOIRS....................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.4. DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................................7-3
7.2.5. SUPPLY .............................................................................................................................7-5
7.2.6. IRON CONTENT................................................................................................................7-5
7.3. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION .......................................................................................7-5
7.4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT........................................................................................7-6
7.4.1. SOURCE............................................................................................................................7-6
7.4.2. COLLECTION ....................................................................................................................7-6
7.4.3. TRANSPORTATION ..........................................................................................................7-7
7.4.4. DISPOSAL SYSTEM .........................................................................................................7-9
7.5. STORM WATER DRAINAGE ..........................................................................................7-11
7.5.1. NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM.....................................................................................7-11
7.5.2. REVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ...........................................................................7-11
7.6. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ........................................................................................7-14
7.6.1. TRAFFIC VOLUME..........................................................................................................7-15
7.6.2. VOLUME CAPACITY RATIO...........................................................................................7-17
7.6.3. PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AT SELECTED LOCATIONS ..................................................7-18
7.6.4. PARKING .........................................................................................................................7-19
7.6.5. SPEED AND ACCIDENT .................................................................................................7-19
7.7. INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS.......................................7-21
8. URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..............................................................................8-1

8.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................8-1
8.2. PHYSICAL RESOURCES..................................................................................................8-1
8.2.1. TERRAIN ...........................................................................................................................8-1
8.2.2. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................8-1
8.2.3. GEOLOGY .........................................................................................................................8-1
8.2.4. SOILS.................................................................................................................................8-1
8.2.5. SEISMICITY OF THE NORTHEASTERN REGION ..........................................................8-1
8.2.6. DRAINAGE ........................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.7. GROUND WATER .............................................................................................................8-6
8.3. WATER QUALITY..............................................................................................................8-6
8.3.1. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...........................................................................................8-6
8.3.2. GROUND WATER QUALITY.............................................................................................8-7
8.4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY....................................................................................................8-8
Government of Tripura II Urban Development Department

8.5. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS ................................................................................................8-8

8.6. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES............................................................................................8-9
8.6.1. BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................8-9
8.6.2. PHYTO DIVERSITY WITHIN AGARTALA.......................................................................8-11
8.6.3. AQUATIC FAUNA ............................................................................................................8-14
8.7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENV. MANAGEMENT – CENTRAL ACTS / RULES .........8-15
8.7.1. GUIDELINES FOR TREE FELLING FROM NON-FOREST AREAS ISSUED IN
COMPLIANCE OF SUPREME COURT ORDER, DATED 12TH MAY 2001. .................8-16
8.8. ISSUES PERTAINING TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN AGARTALA ............................8-16
8.9. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT ..............................8-17
9. URBAN FINANCE .............................................................................................................9-1

9.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................9-1
9.2. STATE FINANCE POSITION ............................................................................................9-1
9.2.1. EXPENDITURE TRENDS..................................................................................................9-1
9.2.2. REVENUE TRENDS ..........................................................................................................9-2
9.3. DEVOLUTION OF RESOURCES TO URBAN LOCAL BODIES.......................................9-4
9.4. OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES..........................................................................9-5
9.5. STRUCTURE OF MUNICPAL FINANCES ........................................................................9-5
9.5.1. REVENUES .......................................................................................................................9-5
9.5.2. PROPERTY TAX ...............................................................................................................9-7
9.5.3. OTHER REVENUE RESOURCES ....................................................................................9-8
9.5.4. SCOPE FOR ADDITIONAL REVENUE.............................................................................9-9
9.5.5. EXPENDITURES ...............................................................................................................9-9
9.6. KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS.......................................................................................9-10
9.7. STATUS OF MUNICIPAL FUND .....................................................................................9-10
9.7.1. PROJECTION OF RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE OF AMC ...............................................9-11
10. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK................................10-1

10.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................10-1
10.2. STRUCTURE OF URBAN GOVERNANCE.....................................................................10-1
10.3. INSTITUTIONS IN URBAN MANAGEMENT ...................................................................10-1
10.4. 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT........................................................................10-4
10.5. GOVERNING STRUCTURE OF AMC.............................................................................10-6
10.5.1. POLITICAL WING ............................................................................................................10-7
10.5.2. EXECUTIVE WING ........................................................................................................10-10
10.6. RECENT MANAGEMENT REFORMS ..........................................................................10-12
10.6.1. CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM:......................................................................10-12
10.6.2. E-GOVERNANCE ..........................................................................................................10-12
10.6.3. FACILITIES AVAILABLE ONLINE: ................................................................................10-12
10.7. ISSUES ..........................................................................................................................10-13
11. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS...................................................................................11-1

11.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................11-1
11.2. STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE ...........................................................................................11-1
11.2.1. PRIMARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FINDINGS .............................................11-1
11.2.2. CONSULTATIONS WITH SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS ..........................................11-3
11.3. CONSULTATION FINDINGS...........................................................................................11-4
12. CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................12-1

12.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................12-1
13. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES........................................................................................13-1

13.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................13-1
13.2. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES - COMMUNITIES ...........................................................13-1
13.2.1. INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES......................................13-2
13.2.2. WATER SUPPLY .............................................................................................................13-3
13.2.3. SEWERAGE ....................................................................................................................13-3
Government of Tripura III Urban Development Department

13.2.4. DRAINAGE ......................................................................................................................13-3

13.2.5. SLUM UPGRADATION....................................................................................................13-4
13.2.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT......................................................................................13-4
13.2.7. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ...............................................................................13-4
13.2.8. SOCIAL INHIBITION OVER USE OF COMMUNITY TOILETS.......................................13-4
13.3. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES – SLSC...........................................................................13-5
14. CITY VISION....................................................................................................................14-1

14.1. AGARTALA CITY VISION................................................................................................14-1
14.2. SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES ............................................................................14-1
15. PROJECTS AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN .........................................................15-1

15.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................15-1
15.2. WATER SUPPLY .............................................................................................................15-1
15.3. STRATEGY PROPOSED – WATER SUPPLY................................................................15-1
15.1.1. ENHANCING PRESENT WATER PRODUCTION CAPACITY .......................................15-3
15.1.2. SERVICE RESERVOIRS (SR) ........................................................................................15-3
15.1.3. SECONDARY NETWORK...............................................................................................15-4
15.1.4. CONSUMER METERS ....................................................................................................15-4
15.1.5. HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTION ..................................................................................15-4
15.1.6. SELECTION OF PIPE MATERIAL ..................................................................................15-4
15.1.7. IRON REMOVAL PLANTS ..............................................................................................15-4
15.1.8. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ....................................................................15-5
15.4. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION .....................................................................................15-6
15.5. STRATEGY PROPOSED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION ........................................15-7
15.1.9. POPULATION PROJECTION AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTION....................................15-8
15.1.10 SEWERAGE ZONING OF MASTER PLAN AREA..........................................................15-9
15.1.11 DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS .........................................................................15-9
15.1.12 PRIMARYNETWORKS ..................................................................................................15-10
15.1.13 SECONDARY AND TERTIARY NETWORKS...............................................................15-10
15.1.14 DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT...............................................................15-11
15.1.15 SEWAGE TREATMENT OPTIONS CONSIDERED......................................................15-11
15.1.16 SUGGESTED TREATMENT METHODS ......................................................................15-13
15.1.17 DESIGN OF LOW COST SANITATION FACILITIES ....................................................15-14
15.1.18 PROPOSED SCOPE OF THE PROJECT .....................................................................15-14
15.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT....................................................................................15-15
15.7. DRAINAGE ....................................................................................................................15-18
15.8. TRANSPORTATION ......................................................................................................15-19
15.9. SLUM UPGRADATION..................................................................................................15-21
15.10. SOCIAL AMENITIES......................................................................................................15-22
15.11. OTHER ENABLING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.......................................................15-23
15.12. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING ..................................................15-25
15.13. SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS - 2011..............................................15-25
15.14. SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................15-26
16. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ....................................................................................16-1

16.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................16-1
16.2. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................16-1
16.1.1. THE INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS............................................................................16-1
16.1.2. THE FINANCING STRATEGIES .....................................................................................16-3
16.3. AMC FINANCE PROJECTIONS......................................................................................16-5
16.1.3. FORECAST OF REVENUE INCOME..............................................................................16-5
16.4. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ........................................................................................16-7
16.5. RESULTS OF THE FOP ..................................................................................................16-8
APPENDIX
Appendix 15.1 to Appendix 15.5

Appendix 16.1 to Appendix 16.9
Government of Tripura IV Urban Development Department

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TABLE 1-1: DETAILS OF CONSULTATION PROGRAM ........................................................1-4
TABLE 3-1: GAPA- CONSTITUENT AREA, 2001 ...................................................................3-1

TABLE 3-2: AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AREA (AMC AREA)....................................3-3
TABLE 3-3: GAPA – POPULATION DENSITY, 1971-01 (PERSONS/SQ. KM.) .....................3-4
TABLE 3-4: GAPA – POPULATION BY CONSTITUENTS, 1991- 2001..................................3-5
TABLE 4-1: AGARTALA: EXISTING LAND USE, 1991 (ERSTWHILE MUNICIPAL AREA)...4-1
TABLE 4-2: AGARTALA: GAPA - EXISTING LAND USE 2001...............................................4-2
TABLE 4-3: GAPA - EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAND USE...............................................4-4
TABLE 4-4: GAPA – PROJECTED POPULATION, 2001 – 2041............................................4-7
TABLE 4-5: PROJECTED POPULATION BY ZONES, 2005-2041 .........................................4-8
TABLE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1

TABLE 5-2: GAPA - OCCUPATION PROFILE (%) OF LABOUR FORCE, 2005 ....................5-2
TABLE 5-3: GAPA - AVERAGE INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND............................................5-2
TABLE 5-4: GAPA, INCOME DISTRIBUTION (%), 2005 ........................................................5-3
TABLE 5-5: GAPA- PERCENTAGE (%) OF AVERAGE EXPENDITURE ON DIFFERENT
ITEMS, 2005 .........................................................................................................5-4
TABLE 5-6: GAPA- CITY DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 2001-02 (INR MILLION) ..........................5-6
TABLE 5-7: GAPA - DETAILS OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES....................................................5-6
TABLE 5-8: TOURIST ARRIVALS IN AGARTALA CITY, 1997- 2003 .....................................5-7
TABLE 5-9: GAPA, INCOME DISTRIBUTION (%), 2005 ........................................................5-8
TABLE 6-1: POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).......................................................6-1

TABLE 6-2: POVERTY MAPPING-INDICATORS....................................................................6-1
TABLE 6-3: AGARTALA- INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION
PROGRAMMES....................................................................................................6-3
TABLE 6-4: AGARTALA: SLUM POPULATION, 2005 ............................................................6-7
TABLE 6-5: AGARTALA: PROFILE OF SLUMS, 2005 ............................................................6-9
TABLE 6-6: NATIONAL SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME..........................................6-10
TABLE 6-7: VAMBAY (1998-2005) ........................................................................................6-10
TABLE 6-8: INTEGRATED LOW COST SANITATION ..........................................................6-11
TABLE 6-9: LAND TENURE (%) ............................................................................................6-11
TABLE 6-10: TYPE OF DWELLING (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS..................................................6-12
TABLE 7-1: STATEMENT OF PRESENT PRODUCTION .......................................................7-2

TABLE 7-2: SALIENT FEATURES OF WATER SUPPLY IN GAPA, 2005..............................7-2
TABLE 7-3: LIST OF EXISTING SERVICE RESERVOIRS .....................................................7-2
TABLE 7-4: RESERVOIR’S PROFILE .....................................................................................7-3
TABLE 7-5: PROFILE OF CENTRAL WATER SERVICE........................................................7-4
TABLE 7-6: SALIENT FEATURES OF SANITATION CONDITION IN GAPA .........................7-5
TABLE 7-7: SALIENT FEATURES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GAPA ................7-6
TABLE 7-8: REFUSE VEHICLES FLEET OF AMC .................................................................7-7
TABLE 7-9: SALIENT FEATURES OF DRAINAGE CONDITION IN GAPA, 2005................7-11
TABLE 7-10: MAJOR TRAFFIC NODES .................................................................................7-14
TABLE 7-11: AVERAGE DAILY AND PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUME BY LOCATION ......7-16
TABLE 7-12: VEHICLES REGISTERED IN AGARTALA .........................................................7-16
TABLE 7-13: COMPOSITION OF TRAFFIC (%) AT CERTAIN LOCATION............................7-17
TABLE 7-14: COMPARATIVE MOTOR ACCIDENT CASES IN AGARTALA CITY ................7-19
TABLE 7-15: PATTERNS OF WATER CONSUMPTION.........................................................7-21
TABLE 7-16: POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND PROJECTIONS 2001- 2041 ...............7-21
Government of Tripura V Urban Development Department

TABLE 7-17: WATER REQUIREMENTS AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM.............7-22

TABLE 7-18: WASTE GENERATION PROJECTIONS FOR GAPA ........................................7-23
TABLE 7-19: WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL PATTERN IN GAPA (2006-2041) .....7-23
TABLE 7-20: REJECTS GENERATION (2006 – 2041) ...........................................................7-23
TABLE 7-21: LAND REQUIREMENT FOR LANDFILL SITE ...................................................7-24
TABLE 7-22: LOCATION WISE PEAK PARKING DEMAND...................................................7-24
TABLE 7-23: PARKING DEMAND ON IDENTIFIED LOCATION (PEAK HOUR IN ECS) ......7-25
TABLE 7-24 ............................................................................................................................7-25
TABLE 8-1: SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF HAORA RIVER ..............................................8-6

TABLE 8-2: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY - AGARTALA ................................................................8-8
TABLE 8-3: NOISE LEVELS – AGARTALA (2002 - 2003) ......................................................8-8
TABLE 8-4: IMPORTANCE FLORAL SPECIES ....................................................................8-10
TABLE 8-5: PHYTO DIVERSITY AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS WITHIN AGARTALA.............8-12
TABLE 8-6: FISH SPECIES ...................................................................................................8-14
TABLE 8-7: PONDS WITHIN AGARTALA .............................................................................8-14
TABLE 8-8: ENVIRONMENT SECTOR - LEGAL FRAMEWORK..........................................8-15
TABLE 8-9: STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OF
THE CITY............................................................................................................8-17
TABLE 9-1: TRENDS IN THE FISCAL AGG. OF TRIPURA-2000-01 ( OF GSDP) ................9-1

TABLE 9-2: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF AGGREGATE
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE OF AGARTALA– 2000-01 (RS MILLION) .......9-1
TABLE 9-3: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF AGGREGATE
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE OF AGARTALA – 2000-01 ..............................9-2
TABLE 9-4: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGGREGATE GOVT. RECEIPTS..............9-2
TABLE 9-5: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGGREGATE GOVT. RECEIPTS..............9-3
TABLE 9-6: REVENUE FROM MAJOR TAXES IN TRIPURA (RS MILLION) .........................9-3
TABLE 9-7: REVENUE FROM MAJOR NON-TAX SOURCES TRIPURA (RS MILLION) ......9-3
TABLE 9-8: TRENDS IN THE REVENUE RECEIPTS OF AGARTALA MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION ...................................................................................................9-6
TABLE 9-9: TAXES AND NON-TAXES LEVIED......................................................................9-6
TABLE 9-10: TRENDS IN THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF OWN TAX REVENUES OF .......9-7
TABLE 9-11: AGARTALA - NUMBER OF ASSESSMENTS AND TAX DEMAND, ...................9-8
TABLE 9-12: TRENDS IN THE MAJOR COMPT. OF OWN NON-TAX REVENUES OF..........9-8
TABLE 9-13: REVENUE EXPENDITURE OF AMC BY ITEMS, 1998-99 TO 2004-05 .............9-9
TABLE 9-14: SELECTED FISCAL HEALTH INDICATORS 1998-99 TO 2004-05 ..................9-10
TABLE 9-15: RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE SUMMARY 1998-99 TO 2004-05 (RS MILLION) .9-11
TABLE 9-16: PROJECTIONS OF RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE OF AMC (RS MILLION)........9-11
TABLE 11-1: DETAILS OF PRIMARY CONSULTATION PROG. HELD IN AGARTALA ........11-1

TABLE 11-2: SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROGRAM HELD IN
AGARTALA .........................................................................................................11-4
TABLE 11-3: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR WATER SUPPLY
COMPONENT IN AGARTALA............................................................................11-4
TABLE 11-4: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR SEWERAGE COMPONENT IN
AGARTALA .........................................................................................................11-5
TABLE 11-5: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR DRAINAGE COMPONENT IN
AGARTALA .........................................................................................................11-7
TABLE 11-6: DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS FOR AGARTALA .........................11-7
TABLE 11-7: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR SWM IN AGARTALA.......11-12
TABLE 11-8: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR TRANSPORTATION IN
AGARTALA .......................................................................................................11-13
TABLE 11-9: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS FOR AGARTALA............11-14
TABLE 12-1: AGARTALA CITY STRENGTHS ........................................................................12-2

TABLE 12-2: AGARTALA CITY WEAKNESS ..........................................................................12-2
TABLE 12-3: AGARTALA CITY OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................12-3
Government of Tripura VI Urban Development Department

TABLE 12-4: AGARTALA CITY THREATS..............................................................................12-3
TABLE 13-1: PRIORITY RANKING GIVEN TO INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES .......................13-1

TABLE 13-2: REVISED PRIORITY RESPONSES...................................................................13-1
TABLE 13-3: RESPONSES BY PERCENTAGE FOR EACH RANKING.................................13-2
TABLE 13-4: WEIGHTED SCORES AND FINAL RANKING ...................................................13-2
TABLE 13-5: COMPOSITION OF PARTICIPANTS IN FGDS BY GENDER. ..........................13-3
TABLE 14-1: SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES ...............................................................14-1
TABLE 15-1: ACTION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SCHEME................15-1

TABLE 15-2: POPULATION REQUIREMENTS AND CAPACITIES 2001- 2041 ....................15-3
TABLE 15-3: COST ESTIMATES FOR THE PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY PROJECT .......15-5
TABLE 15-4: ACTIONS REQUIRED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION................................15-6
TABLE 15-5: WATER REQUIREMENTS AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM GAPA..15-8
TABLE 15-6: ZONE WISE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION & CAPACITY OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANTS .......................................................................................15-9
TABLE 15-7: DESIGN PERIODS FOR COMPONENTS OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND .....15-9
TABLE 15-8: EXPECTED SEWAGE CHARACTERISTICS...................................................15-11
TABLE 15-9: BASIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR COMPARISON OF TREATMENT SOLU..........15-11
TABLE 15-10: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TREATMENT OPTIONS..................................15-12
TABLE 15-11: AVERAGE INCREMENTAL FINANCIAL COST (AIFC) COMPARISON .........15-12
TABLE 15-12: COST ESTIMATE FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT:....................................15-14
TABLE 15-13: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR AGARTALA CITY .............15-15
TABLE 15-14: ACTIONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SWM...................................................15-16
TABLE 15-15: COST ESTIMATES FOR SWM ........................................................................15-18
TABLE 15-16: COST ESTIMATES FOR DRAINAGE ..............................................................15-18
TABLE 15-17: COST ESTIMATES FOR EMBANKMENT .......................................................15-19
TABLE 15-18: ACTIONS REQUIRED - ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ...........................15-20
TABLE 15-19: COST ESTIMATES FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION:......................15-21
TABLE 15-20: ACTIONS REQUIRED – SLUM UPGRADATION ............................................15-21
TABLE 15-21: SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENTS FOR SLUM UPGRADATION:.......15-21
TABLE 15-22: COST ESTIMATES FOR PARKS :...................................................................15-22
TABLE 15-23: COST ESTIMATES FOR PLAYGROUNDS: ....................................................15-22
TABLE 15-24: COST ESTIMATES FOR STADIUMS ..............................................................15-22
TABLE 15-25: COST ESTIMATES FOR MARKETS:...............................................................15-23
TABLE 15-26: COST ESTIMATES FOR CULTURAL AND HERITAGE..................................15-23
TABLE 15-27: COST ESTIMATES FOR WATER BODIES .....................................................15-23
TABLE 15-28: COST ESTIMATES FOR OTHER ENABLING DEVE. PROJECTS.................15-24
TABLE 15-29: COST ESTIMATES FOR URBAN GOVERNANCE..........................................15-25
TABLE 15-30: TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPROVEMENT ...............................................................................................15-25
TABLE 15-31: INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT UNDER ADB FUNDING BY 2011 ......15-25
TABLE 15-32: INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT UNDER UNDER JNNURM - 2011......15-26
TABLE 16-1: ESTIMATED INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS JNNURM (RS. LAKHS) ..........16-2

TABLE 16-2: FUNDING PATTERN OF THE NEW INVESTMENT FOR AGARTALA CITY -
CONTRIBUTION.................................................................................................16-4
TABLE 16-3: FUNDING PATTERN BY INSTITUTION FOR AGARTALA CITY .....................16-4
TABLE 16-4: FUNDING PATTERN BY INSTITUTION FOR AGARTALA CITY ......................16-5
TABLE 16-5: ASSUMPTION ADOPTED FOR FORECASTING REALIZATION UNDER
VARIOUS HEADS...............................................................................................16-5
TABLE 16-6: AMC – PROJECTED REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PATTERN ..................16-5
Government of Tripura VII Urban Development Department

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FIGURE 1-1: PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN...................................................1-2

FIGURE 1-2: CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS ...................................................1-3
FIGURE 2-1: AGARTALA – REGIONAL LINKAGES .................................................................2-2

FIGURE 2-2: VIEW OF AGARTALA CITY DURING EARLY 20TH CENTURY.........................2-3
FIGURE 3-1: CONSTITUENT AREAS WITHIN GAPA ..............................................................3-2

FIGURE 3-2: GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION, 1971-2001 .................................................3-3
FIGURE 3-3: POPULATION DENSITY AND GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION, 1971-01....3-4
FIGURE 3-4: GAPA-POPULATION DENSITY, 2001 .................................................................3-5
FIGURE 3-5: GAPA – LITERACY AND EDUCATION (%) OF PERSONS, 2005 ......................3-7
FIGURE 3-6: GAPA - PLACE OF BIRTH (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..........................................3-8
FIGURE 3-7: GAPA – AGE STRUCTURE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005........................................3-9
FIGURE 3-8: GAPA – RELIGION (%) OF PERSONS, 2005 .....................................................3-9
FIGURE 4-1: AGARTALA: EXISTING LAND USE, 1991 (ERSTWHILE MUNICIPAL AREA)...4-2
FIGURE 4-2: EXISTING LAND USE GAPA-2001 ......................................................................4-3
FIGURE 4-3: GAPA- EXISTING LAND USE ..............................................................................4-3
FIGURE 4-4: GAPA – STRATEGIC URBAN GROWTH ............................................................4-5
FIGURE 4-5: GAPA – FUTURE ACTIVITY CENTRES ..............................................................4-6
FIGURE 4-6: GAPA – EXISTING & PROPOSED POPULATION DENSITY, 2001-2041 ..........4-7
FIGURE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1

FIGURE 5-2: GAPA - OCCUPATION PROFILE (%) OF LABOUR FORCE, 2005 ....................5-2
FIGURE 5-3: GAPA - AVERAGE INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS ..........................5-3
FIGURE 5-4: GAPA - INCOME CATEGORIZATION (%), 2005.................................................5-3
FIGURE 5-5: GAPA-PERCENTAGE (%) OF AVERAGE EXPENDITURE ON DIFFERENT
ITEMS, 2005 .........................................................................................................5-4
FIGURE 5-6: GSDP AT CONSTANT PRICES IN TRIPURA (URBAN), 1981- 01 .....................5-5
FIGURE 5-7: GAPA - SECTORAL CONTRIBUTION OF GSDP 1993-2001 .............................5-5
FIGURE 5-8: RECENT VIEW OF UJJAYANTA PALACE IN AGARTALA CITY FROM SINGHA
DWAR ...................................................................................................................5-7
FIGURE 5-9: A VIEW OF UJJAYANTA PALACE COMPLEX WITH WATER TANKS, SINGHA
DWAR, ..................................................................................................................5-8
FIGURE 5-10: GAPA - INCOME CATEGORIZATION (%), 2005.................................................5-9
FIGURE 5-11: MARKET PLACE ..................................................................................................5-9
FIGURE 6-1: PERSONS BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).............................................................6-2

FIGURE 6-2: COMPOSITE POVERTY INDEX ..........................................................................6-6
FIGURE 6-3: SLUM AREAS SLUM POPULATION....................................................................6-8
FIGURE 6-4: LAND TENURE SHIP .........................................................................................6-12
FIGURE 6-5: TYPE OF DWELLING (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS..................................................6-12
FIGURE 6-6: HOUSING AND TENURE STATUS – 2005 .......................................................6-13
FIGURE 7-1: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY ZONES AND COMPONENTS...............................7-4

FIGURE 7-2: EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION FREQUENCY AND COL. ROUTES. ............7-9
FIGURE 7-3: PRESENT COVERAGE OF HOUSE-TO-HOUSE COLLECTION BY NGOS....7-10
FIGURE 7-4: PRESENT DRAI. SYSTEM OF AGARTALA WITH THE EMBANKMENT .........7-12
FIGURE 7-5: LOW LYING AREAS ...........................................................................................7-13
FIGURE 7-6: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAPA ...........................................................7-15
FIGURE 7-7: HOURLY VARIATIONS IN TRAFFIC .................................................................7-17
FIGURE 7-8: VOLUME CAPACITY RATIO, ON PRIMARY NETWORK, 2005 .......................7-18
Government of Tripura VIII Urban Development Department

FIGURE 7-9: HOURLY VARIATION OF PEDESTRIAN VOLUME BY LOCATION.................7-19

FIGURE 7-10: SPEED PROFILE, 2005 .....................................................................................7-20
FIGURE 8-1: SEISMIC HAZARD MAP OF INDIA (BIS).............................................................8-2

FIGURE 8-2: EARTHQUAKES IN NE INDIA..............................................................................8-2
FIGURE 8-3: TRIPURA: EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAP...........................................................8-3
FIGURE 8-4: GEOLOGY AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE GREATER AGARTALA
PLANNING AREA .................................................................................................8-4
FIGURE 8-5: PRESENT SCENARIO OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF AGARTALA WITH THE
EMBANKMENT.....................................................................................................8-5
FIGURE 8-6: BIODIVERSITY PRIORITY SITES IN AGARTALA ............................................8-10
FIGURE 10-1: STATE LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR URBAN SERVICE DELIVERY IN
TRIPURA ............................................................................................................10-2
FIGURE 10-2: EXISTING ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF AMC ........................................10-7
FIGURE 10-3: STRUCTURE OF CHAIRPERSON-IN COUNCIL OF AMC ...............................10-8
FIGURE 10-4: STRUCTURE OF EXECUTIVE WING OF AMC ..............................................10-11
FIGURE 11-1: LOCATION OF CONSULTATIONS ....................................................................11-3

FIGURE 11-2 ............................................................................................................................11-9
FIGURE 11-3 ..........................................................................................................................11-10
FIGURE 11-4 ..........................................................................................................................11-11
FIGURE 15-1: PROPOSED SEWERAGE ZONES ..................................................................15-10

FIGURE 15-2: PROPOSED GOAL FOR GAPA AS PER ADB AND JNNURM .......................15-18
FIGURE 15-3: ESTIMATED INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER JNNURM - 2011......15-26
FIGURE 16-2: FUNDING PATTERN OF JNNURM PROJECTS UNDER SUB-MISSION ........16-3
Government of Tripura IX Urban Development Department

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A. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN-THE PROCESS
The City Development Plan (CDP) for Agartala city has been initiated by
Government of Tripura under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNURM), a scheme1 of Government of India. The objective of the
JNNURM scheme is to improve the economic and physical infrastructure for the
rapidly increasing urban population and also to provide essential facilities and
services across the fast growing cities using public private partnership. The
projects that qualify under this scheme include sub-sectors of water supply,
sewerage and sanitation, drainage, solid waste management, roads and street
lighting, energy and housing.
An important and essential component of the CDP preparation process is

stakeholder consultation. In order to effectively capture the needs and priorities of
the stakeholders, a THREE STAGE consultation process was adopted. Table 1
shows the stages and the stakeholder groups consulted.
Table 1: Stages of Stakeholder Consultations

Stage Consultation Mechanism Stakeholders
Government organizations
Elected representatives (Councilors of
Focus Group
AMC)
Stage 1: March Project Identification & Discussions
Ward committee members
– May 2006 Vision Formulation Meetings
Slum Dwellers
Perception Surveys
Non Governmental Organizations
Resource Persons of City
Government organizations
Elected representatives (Councilors of
Stage 2: May 15, Stakeholders’ AMC)
Presentation of CDP
2006 Workshop Line Agencies
State Nodal Agency
Stage 3:June 2, State Level Steering Committee

Finalization of CDP Meeting
2006
B. The Status - City SWOT

A city level “strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats” (SWOT) analysis
has been done based on an assessment of the status of various urban
infrastructure sectors of Agartala. These are discussed in detail in the subsequent
sections.
1
Government of India in its latest budget announcement has launched an ambitious program for long-
neglected cities, to improve their poor infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of global benchmarks.
The scheme called the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) could get a boost with
an outlay of Rs 100,000 crores. The scheme will cover about 60 cities over a period of seven years starting
from 2005-06. Apart from seven mega-cities, the mission will cover around 30 others with a population of
over one million, while the rest are important urban centres with crumbling infrastructure and sizeable
population. The smaller cities are covered under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and
Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).
Government of Tripura 1 Urban Development Department
B.1. Strengths
Agartala is the capital city of Tripura. Being the seat of administrative power, it is
the center of administrative, economic and political activities. The city has several
strengths. These have been outlined in Table 2. The strengths related to the
sectors include location and regional linkage, tourism, trade and commerce,
traditional arts and crafts and state reforms.
Table 2: City Strengths

Sectors Strengths
• Being the capital of the state, Agartala is the main administrative,
center of Tripura.
• National Highway 44 connects Agartala to Assam and rest of
Location & Linkages India by road.
• Agartala is also connected by air
• National highway 44 has been extended to south, thus improving
the road connectivity between Agartala & south Tripura.
• Locally made handicrafts of bamboo products
• Border trade with Bangladesh
Trade & Commerce • Increasing import export activity
• Tourism
• Fruit and horticulture industry.
• Handloom and textiles
Traditional Arts & Crafts • Strong traditional art & craft production.
State Reforms • Presence of a number of development bodies & NGOs
• Implementation of 74 CAA in true spirit
Others • Rich History and Cultural Heritage
• Rich in natural resource base
B.2. Weaknesses
The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure, urban growth,
conservation, environment, slums, and institutional capacity. The details of these
sectors for each of these sectors have been given Table 3. These weaknesses
need to be worked on for the city.
Table 3: City Weakness

Sectors Weaknesses
• Poor and inadequate infrastructure
• Road Encroachment, Poor Traffic Management & Inadequate
public transportation
Infrastructure
• Very poor drainage system
• Poor solid waste management
• Inadequate public conveniences
• Haphazard unregulated growth of the city
Urban Growth • High population density within AMC area
• Lack of mechanisms for enforcement of development controls
and byelaws.
• Poor industrial infrastructure
Trade and Commerce • Limited scope for economic development.
• Lack of business capital in the community/regional financial
institutions;
• Lack of awareness among the people towards heritage
Conservation conservation
• No initiatives from the government for conservation and
maintenance of the places of historic importance
Environment • Vulnerability due to poor drainage
• Poor infrastructure and living condition
Slums • Increasing levels of poverty & inadequate coverage of poverty
alleviation programs

Sectors Weaknesses
• Poor infrastructure facilities
Institutional capacity • Lack of skilled human resources in AMC.
B.3. Opportunities
The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main
opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state urban
reforms and heritage. These have been detailed in Table 4.
Table 4: City Opportunities

Sectors Opportunities
• Attracts many potential developers in the economic & industrial
sectors
Economic competitiveness
• Border Trade
• Vibrant Tourism
• Improve infrastructure facilities-Water supply, Drainage,
Transportation, Sanitation,
Proposed Projects
• Improve Quality of life
• Re- structure taxes of AMC
State urban reforms • Enforce Building By laws and other related development laws
• Focus on provision of basic services to the poor
• Rich heritage-Palace complex & Water bodies attracting
Heritage tourists.
• Local crafts - great opportunity for attracting businesses &
shoppers
B.4. Threats
The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed
adequately might pose as threats for development of the city in the future. These
are detailed out in Table 5.
Table 5: City Threats

Sectors Threats
• High Population Growth- Increase in pressure on infrastructure in
the Greater Agartala Planning Area.
Infrastructure • Absence of sewerage network - unhealthy living
• Poor infrastructure which is a threat to ensuring good quality of
life
• Inadequate capacity building results in non-implementation of
Institutional and fiscal reforms
• Inadequate Fiscal reforms for carrying out projects & provision of
reforms
infrastructure in a sustainable manner
• Lack of efficient marketing of city & state highlighting its USPs
• Increasing no of unidentified slums in and around the city.
Slums • Infrastructure provision in the slums are inadequate leading to
poor living conditions
Others • Illegal immigrants from Bangladesh
C. STAKEHOLDERS’ CONCERNS & PRIORITIZATION

C.1. Prioritisation of Issues by Communities
Prioritization responses were given for the entire infrastructure issues based on
the consultations held with the stakeholders. Table 6 shows that Sewerage issues
have got maximum responses and top priority. Water supply is the infrastructure
issues that need to be addressed in terms of quality, quantity and frequency of
supply.

Water supply and road sector has got the second most responses for
interventions needed after sewerage sector. However in terms of ranking it has
been accorded second and third place
The quality of the present service delivery and significance of the service can be
adjudged from the prioritization of issues and the responses accorded to each
sector by the stakeholders. Table 6 and 7 lists the priority ranking accorded
during consultations
Table 6: Priority Ranking given to Infrastructure Issues

Priority Ranking No. of
Sector
1 2 3 4 5 6 responses
Water Supply 2 4 1 1 8
Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9
Drainage 2 4 1 2 7
Roads 1 1 3 3 8
SWM 1 2 2 5
Table 7: Final Weighted Scores and final ranking

Sector
Water Supply 133.33 222.22 44.44 33.33 0.00 11.11 2
Sewerage 266.67 55.56 133.33 0.00 22.22 0.00 1
Drainage 133.33 222.22 44.44 66.67 0.00 0.00 2
Roads 66.67 55.56 133.33 100.00 0.00 11.11 4
SWM 0.00 0.00 44.44 66.67 44.44 44.44 5
Based on the final scores, the overall priority ranking from the consultations is:
• Sewerage
• Water supply and Drainage.
• Transportation.
• Solid Waste Management.
C.2 Priorities of Issues by Elected Councilors of AMC

Similar to the prioritisation of issues by the communities, the prioritisation of
issues was obtained from elected councillors of the AMC. The prioritisation
reveals that sewerage is the main concern followed by drainage & embankment
protection of river Haora & Kathakal, water supply and transportation.
D. SHARED CITY VISION & SECTOR GOALS

D.1. Vision Statements Emerging From Consultations
Making Agartala ‘gateway to North East India, eco-friendly, green city and
environmentally sustainable where people want to live, visit and invest’
through:
• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving improved quality
of life by 2021;
• Develop all the water bodies and increase the green coverage of Agartala.
• Improve educational achievements for all the citizens.
• Alleviate poverty and improve living conditions and health.
This was the collective vision that the various stakeholders, the elected
representatives, the communities etc had for the city of Agartala. The improved
quality of life also meant the protection of the city residents from the imminent
threats due to the vulnerability to recurrent floods. The consultations clearly
indicate that any major infrastructure investments in the city shall be sustained
only after the safety of the city is ensured, through appropriate protection
measures.
D.2. Sector Vision

A targeted approach has been worked out to achieve the vision objectives through
setting goals for the development of each of the sectors. The Table 8 provides a
vision for each of the sectors.
Table 8: Sector Wise Visions

Sector Vision
Water Supply • To ensure access to drinking and safe water
supply to all.
• Towards coverage of the densely populated
pockets of the city with an underground
Sewerage and Sanitation sewerage system and promote
environmentally safe sanitation practices for
treatment of wastewater.
Solid Waste Management • To achieve environmentally sustainable waste
management practices.
• To improve operational efficiencies of the
present network, develop new roads for
Roads and transportation decongestion of the city core and development
of a core road network to facilitate
development in the northern part of the city.
• To promote a healthy, clean environment with
Urban Environment emphasis on creation of a safe and livable
city, with adequate provisions of recreation
and green spaces.
Slum Development and Poverty Alleviation • To provide access to housing and basic
infrastructure.
City Economic Development • To create diversified economic base.
• To achieve a coherent urban form with
Urban Growth and Land Management adequate open and green space, high
standards of infrastructure and effective land
management.
Urban Governance and Institutional • To promote a city managed with pro-active
Development institutions and capable staff.
Urban Finance • To achieve a city that is a model for urban

finance management.
In order to have a defined target for the achievement of the vision and goals, a
time frame has been fixed. It is targeted that 80% people would be covered by
drainage & flood control, SWM and roads by the year 2011. Water supply and
Sewerage has been targeted for 90% and 60% coverage by the year 2011. By
2021, a 100% target has been set for the all the sectors.

Existing proposed coverage (increase)2011

proposed coverage (increase)2021
Sew erage
Solid Waste Management
Drainage & floodCcontrol
Water Supply
Roads & Transportation
0 20 40 60 80 100
Figure 1: Targets for Sectoral Goals
D.3. Sector Goals and Strategies

The vision for each of the sectors, their development strategies with respect to
their issues have been detailed out (Table 9). The strategies aim at giving shape
to the envisioned goals for the city.
Table 9: Sector Goals And Strategies

Vision Existing Issues Strategies
Water Supply: • Non utilisation of optimum • Water Resource Management
To ensure access to capacity of the water • Extension of water Supply
assured and safe treatment plant; services to uncovered areas.
drinking and water to • Underproduction from • Cost Recovery Mechanism
all.
ground water; • Efficiency in Operation and
• High iron content in ground Maintenance- Replacement of
water. old machinery and network
• High operation and systems.
maintenance cost. • Capacity building of staff.
• High amount of unaccounted • Reduce Transmission and
for water (UFW), presently Distribution Losses.
about 35% of production • Efficiency in Service Delivery
• Severely deteriorated • Streamlining institutional
distribution system, responsibilities.
particularly in the older parts
of the city.
Sewerage and • Absence of sewerage • Provision of underground
Sanitation: system, sewerage system
To promote safe and • Direct disposal of sewage • Provision of household sewer
environmentally friendly and effluent into drains and connection
city by ensuring
open spaces, • Provision of public toilets to
• Open defecation widespread. prevent open defecation.
effective treatment and
• Lack of enclosed bathing
disposal of wastewater spaces in the slums and low-
and to eradicate open income areas.
defecation.
Solid Waste • Waste collection limited to • Initiate house to house waste
Management: selected area. collection with source
To achieve • Inefficient waste collection segregation;
environmentally and transportation. • Provide mechanized storage
sustainable waste • No segregation of waste at bins;
source. • Regular maintenance of the
management practice

management practice. • Waste Disposal not as per container bins;
Solid Waste Handling Rules • SWM coverage areas to be
2000. increased
• Lack of awareness on • Adopt segregation of biomedical
hygiene practices. waste with MSW.
• Refuse vehicles shall be covered
to reduce waste spillage during
transportation.
• Provide bio-gas compost plant
Drainage: • Absence of proper drainage • Construction of lined drains
system. along roads.
• Most of the drains unlined • Construction of embankments
and choked with silt and along Katakhal River and Haora
solid waste. River
• Water logging and flooding • Rising of embankments along
common during rainy Katakhal River.
season.
Transportation: • Encroachments by vehicles • Capacity Building of existing
To achieve a transport • Low operating speeds. public transport system
facility system that is • Congestion in the city. • Development of new bypass
Adequate, Safe, • Inadequate parking space. roads as arterials to decongest
Comfortable, and • Improper traffic the city
management • Development of an efficient road
Equitable and is
• Poor public transportation network in the northern &
Efficient and southern part of the city to attract
system
Sustainable. • Lack of pedestrian facilities development
• Inadequate road capacity • Involvement of private players
• Road & Junction improvements
• Identification of designated
parking areas
• Develop traffic management
system.
• Efficient Public Transport system
• Promoting Safe Pedestrian
Movement.
Slum Upgradation: • Lack of basic urban • Provision of Basic Services to
To provide access to infrastructure within the Urban Poor.
housing and basic slums. • Providing opportunities for
infrastructure • Most of the slum population Income Generation.
engaged in low return • Improvement in Housing
income generating activities. Condition
• Coverage in terms of target • Slum Upgradation and
population and target areas Improvement
of the slum upgradation and
poverty alleviation programs
insufficient.
• Lack of awareness among
the people about poverty
alleviation programmes.
Urban Environment: • Congestion & poor • Identify and develop norms for
To promote a infrastructure. ecologically fragile zones.
sustainable and • Contamination of water • Reduce pollution
congestion free urban • Absence of sewerage • Develop parks and water bodies
environment with network leading to drains • Conservation of architectural
acting as the conduits of buildings
emphasis on safe and sewage disposal.
livable city for present • Indiscriminate dumping of
and future generations. garbage and solid waste into
drains and open spaces.
• Absence of parks and open
recreation spaces.
City Economic • Increasing marginalisation & • Integrated tourism development
Development: casualisation of labour. plan
• High & rising levels of • Create organized commercial


To create a vibrant city unemployment space for retail and wholesale
with diversified • Low levels of industrial markets
economic base. development.
• No organized commercial
spaces for retail markets
• Inadequate tourism
infrastructure
Urban Growth and • Severe congestion in the • Introduction of appropriate land
Land Management: core area specially the old Management Practices.
To achieve a coherent municipality area with high • Implementation of land use
urban form with density of population. plans.
• Unplanned growth of the city • Preparation of land suitability
adequate open & green
without any landuse controls. assessment for the city.
space, high standards • Lack of development controls
of infrastructure and especially in the flood prone
effective land and low lying areas.
management
Urban Governance • Lack of accountability and • Training to enhance capacity
and Institutional transparency in functioning of building.
Development: AMC • Collective action especially in
To promote a city • Poor data base and programmes for solid waste
information management management, water resource
managed with pro-
• No implementation of bye management, and slum
active institutions and laws Upgradation.
capable staff. • People’s Participation in
Governance
F. CITY INVESTMENT NEEDS

F.1 Capital Investment Needs
The summary of sector-wise investment requirements are as in Table 10. The
total investment required would be Rs. 1518.36 Crores for Urban Infrastructure and
Governance Sub-Mission, and another INR 77.66 Crores for the Basic services for
the urban poor Sub-Mission.
Table 10: Estimated Investment requirements under JNNURM (Rs Lakhs)

INVESTMENT NEEDS @
Project Components
2006 prices (Rs lakhs)
A Sub Mission 1-Urban Infrastructure and Governance
1 Water Supply 13338.24
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 27861.95
3 Storm Water Drainage 6183.68
4 River Embankment 3214.44
5 Solid Waste Management 379.35
6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement,
40758.46
Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)
7 Street Lighting 4680.00
8 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63
9 Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium 8106.00
10 Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25
11 Preservation of water bodies 700.00
12 Heritage and conservation 1136.96
13 Urban Governance & Capacity Building 3000.00
Sub Total 151836.95
B Sub Mission 2: Basic services to the poor
1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums) & Slum Housing 7766.88
C Total Investment needs 159603.89

The shares of different sectors of the total JNNURM investment are as shown in
Figure 2. It shows that over 27% of the investment would be going towards traffic
and transportation and street lighting sector, followed by sewerage and sanitation,
drainage, water supply as the other major sectors.
5% 8%
1%0% 2%
17%
25%
4%
2%
5%
1% 3% 0%
27%
Water Supply Sewerage & Sanitation

Draingae River Embankment
SWM T&T
Street Lighting Parks & Development of playgrounds
Stadium Other Enabling Development Projects
Preservation of water bodies Heritage and conservation
Capacity Building Slums
Figure 2: Distribution of the Estimated Investment Among The Sectors
F.2. The Financing Strategies

Toolkit – 1 of the JNNURM process explains the funding pattern and sanction and
disbursement of the assistance2. With the population size of 3.68 lakhs Agartala
Municipal Council Area comes under category C for the purpose of funding.
Accordingly, for the purpose of Sub-Mission on Urban Infrastructure and
Governance projects, Agartala is eligible for a grant covering 90 percent of the
cost from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent to be raised by
the Tripura government, from either own sources or from borrowings. As regards
the Sub-Mission for basic services for urban poor, 90 percent of the cost will be
from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent needs to be raised by
the State government.
Given the total requirement, the funding pattern of the new investment for Agartala
city could be as in Table 11. The total share of the Central government would be
INR 1436.43 Crores, while that of the State government of Tripura would be INR
159.60 Crores.
2
Government of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission – Toolkit -1 Framework and Process.
Table 11: Funding Pattern of the new investment for Agartala City - Contribution by
different levels of government (Rs Lakhs)
Central Govt.
Total Investment
(JNNURM State Govt. Share
Sector Needs (2006
Funding) (10%)
prices)
(90%)
Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance
Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 1333.82
Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 2786.19
Storm water drainage & River
9398.12 8458.31 939.81
Embankment
Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 37.93
Traffic and Transportation (Road
Improvement, Intersection
40758.46 36682.61 4075.85
improvement, Flyovers, Parking,
Terminals)
Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 468.00
Parks & Development of
1791.63 1612.47 179.16
playgrounds
Construction of Indoor Stadium &
8106.00 7295.40 810.60
Stadium
Other Enabling Development
40686.25 36617.63 4068.63
Projects
Preservation of water bodies 700.00 630.00 70.00
Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 113.70
Urban governance and capacity
3000.00 2700.00 300.00
building
Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 15183.69
Sub Mission 2: Basic Services for Urban Poor
Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 776.69
Total 159603.84 143643.47 15960.38
The share of investment needs by various institutions would be as given in Table

12.
Table 12: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)
Total Central Govt.
Sl Investment (JNNURM
Sector AMC UDD PHED PWD TSEB
No Needs (2006 Funding)
prices) (90%)
1 Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 12004.42
Sewerage and
2 27861.95 25075.76 25075.76
Sanitation
Storm water drainage &
3 9398.12 8458.31 8458.31
River Embankment
Solid Waste
4 379.35 341.42 341.42
Management
Traffic and
Transportation (Road
Improvement,
5 40758.46 36682.61 36682.61
Intersection
improvement, Flyovers,
Parking, Terminals)
6 Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 4212.00
7 1791.63 1612.47 1612.47
playgrounds
Construction of Indoor
8 8106.00 7295.40 7295.40
Stadium & Stadium

Total Central Govt.

No Needs (2006 Funding)
prices) (90%)
Other Enabling
9 40686.25 36617.63 36617.63
Development Projects
10 Preservation of water 630.00 630.00
700.00
bodies
11 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 1023.26
Urban governance and
12 3000.00 2700.00 2700.00
capacity building
Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 50220.18 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00
Slum Development and
1 7766.88 6990.19 6990.19
Housing
Total 159603.84 143643.47 57210.37 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00
16 (% By institution) 100 39.8 5.9 25.8 25.5 2.9
Table 13: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)
Base Cost
Institution 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(2006 prices)
AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20
UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00
PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23
PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68
TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25
Total 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37

1. IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
1.1. BACKGROUND
The City Development Plan (CDP) for Agartala city is initiated by Government
of Tripura under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM), a scheme1 of Government of India.
The objective of the JNNURM scheme is to improve the economic and physical
infrastructure for the rapidly increasing urban population and also to provide
essential facilities and services across the fast growing cities using public private
partnership. The projects that qualify under this scheme include sub-sectors of
water supply, sewerage and sanitation, drainage, solid waste management, roads
and street lighting, energy and housing. Further, special projects including urban
transit systems, urban expressways and sea-links would also covered under this
scheme.
The mission also suggests a set of reforms to be undertaken by states in the

following areas: stamp duty, rent control and repeal of urban land ceiling. The
mission would also require commitments of the states on issues such as
regulatory framework for civic amenities, accountability standards and e-
governance projects for land records, property tax and issue of automobile
licenses, and so forth.
The preparation of CDP is the pre-requisite to obtain funding under JNNURM.

The objective of the CDP is to identify infrastructure projects to be implemented
under this scheme along with the proposed implementation mechanism including
the Private Sector Participation (PSP) strategy. The CDP would also focus on
urban reforms to be implemented to improve the health of ailing urban local
bodies.
The CDP is both a planning process and a product which promotes partnership
among the various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private
business sector, civil society, academic, and national government agencies- to
jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the future, formulate
development strategies, design programmes, prioritize projects, mobilize
resources, implement, monitor and evaluate implementation.
1
Government of India in its latest budget announcement has launched an ambitious program for long-
neglected cities, to improve their poor infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of global benchmarks.
The scheme called the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) could get a boost with
an outlay of Rs 100,000 crores. The scheme will cover about 60 cities over a period of seven years starting
from 2005-06. Apart from seven mega-cities, the mission will cover around 30 others with a population of
over one million, while the rest are important urban centres with crumbling infrastructure and sizeable
population. The smaller cities are covered under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and
Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).
Government of Tripura 1-1 Urban Development Department
1.1.1. General Principles of CDP
The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a sustainable city (Figure 1-1):
a) Livability - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified

standard of living for the city's residents?
The livability of a city is related to many

factors in the living environment or quality of
life for the residents. In fact, the living
environment has multiple dimensions, which
can be observed in terms of: 1) basic urban
services, 2) healthful environment, 3) safe
environment, 4) poverty, 5) housing, and 6)
amenity and culture.
It is the main responsibility of a local

government to provide the basic urban
services, including water, electricity, solid
waste collection, education, social welfare, Figure 1-1: Principles Of City Development Plan
and mobility. These services should be
provided for all the residents in urban areas in order to maintain a minimum living
standard.
b) Competitiveness - how can the cities be more competitive in the

global economy?
The competitiveness of a city is the criteria whereby we can understand the
conditions of urban productivity and economic structure of the city compared to
other cities and other countries. In other words, competitiveness is the criteria to
indicate how attractive cities are to potential investors in a global economy.
Competitiveness can be observed in terms of 1) the structure of economic
productivity, 2) diversified human resource, 3) accessibility to advanced
technology, 4) accessibility to market, and 5) sound business environment.
c) Bankability - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can

public-private partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced?
Bankability is the criteria for understanding a city’s capacity for finance and fiscal
management. The bankability of a city can be observed in terms of: (1)
effectiveness and healthiness of financial management, (2) inter-governmental
financial relation, and (3) creditworthiness.
d) Good Governance - how can a city's management be improved?

How can accountability, integrity and transparency be made an
integral part of a city's management?
The governance of a city is the capacity of the local government in management
and administration. In this respect, the World Bank made a clear definition that
“good governance implies inclusion and representation of all groups in the urban
society, as well as accountability, integrity and transparency of local government
actions, to define and pursue shared goals.” That is, governance is not only a
state of a government but also a process of government actions. The governance

of a city can be observed in terms of four aspects: (1) structure and effectiveness
of service delivery, (2) autonomy of local government, (3) inter-governmental
coordination, and (4) transparency of local government.
Thus, the objectives of the CDP are to:

• Guide the city direction for economic development with the aim of creating more employment
opportunities;
• Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's priority, strategies and actions;
• Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies; and, Build local
capacity for more effective urban management.
The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action
plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing
investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained
reductions in urban poverty.
1.2. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS

A City Development Plan2 is a perspective of and a vision for the future
development of a city. Essentially, it addresses following questions:
1. Where are we now?
2. Where do we want to go?
3. What do we need to address on priority basis?
4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?
The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented

Figure 1-2. The key aspect of preparation of CDP is that of involving community
in decision making process. The CDP preparation for Agartala has been based on
an elaborate consultative process
Multistage Exercise
The City Assessment Parameters

• Demography
Opportunities, strengths, risks, and • Economic
weakness base
Unmet demand/gap
• Financial
• Physical and
environment
• Infrastructure
Multi- Future Perspective and Vision • Institutions
stakeholder
Consultations Direction of change and expectations • Universalisati
on of
services
especially to
Strategies for Development Sectors/Components
the urban
• poor
Environment
Options and Strategies al services
• Social
Link with Reform Agenda infrastructure
• Urban
renewal
Criteria for prioritisation
• Slum
improvement
and housing
for EWS
• Transport
and roads
City Investment Plan & Financial • Services to
Alternatives the urban
poor
Figure 1-2: City Development Planning Process
2
GoI, JNNURM Toolkit
1.2.1. CONSULTATIONS
The aim of conducting consultations is to articulate stakeholders’ expectations so

as to be able to formulate city development vision; prioritize city development
issues; strategy / action consensus and choice of strategy options. The
methodology for consultation included following sequential tasks:
• Identification of stakeholders;
• Conducting consultations;
• Documentation and recording of consultations; and
• Integrating consultation findings into project related decision-making.
Accordingly, consultations were carried out across a wide section of society.

Table 1-1 presents details of the consultation program held during preparation of
CDP Agartala.
To get the overall picture of the infrastructure status in Agartala different

stakeholders profile were consulted. The consultation process was formulated to
target stakeholders at varied levels. Two core groups of stakeholders were
identified. A total of 21 consultations were conducted:
• Primary stakeholders such as the community, gender groups, Non-Governmental

Organizations (NGOs), those directly affected (positively or negatively) by it.
• Secondary stakeholders: the secondary stakeholders are the decision makers and
policy makers. Secondary stakeholders have been consulted especially on the
technical and financial aspects related to the project such as approach, designing of
the projects, identification and viability of sub projects, suitability of methods etc.
Consultations have been in the form of workshops, interviews, meetings,
presentations and site visits. They include elected representatives of People and the
Govt. Officials (Urban Administrative Departments).
Table 1-1: Details of consultation Program

S. No Stake holder profile No of consultations
1 Elected Representatives 3
2 Government Departments 4
3 FGD with community 7
4 Gender and women groups 4
5 NGOs 3
Total 21
1.2.2. Stakeholder Consultation Workshop
As part of the consultation program and in continuation to consultations being

carried out across the city, a stakeholder workshop was organized on 15th May
2006, to arrive at a consensus on the key issues identified during the first step of
consultation process and to firm up the optional strategies towards an efficient
service delivery and financial issues.

The daylong workshop was conducted on 15th May 2006 at conference hall,
Agartala secretariat building, Agartala. Over 25 participants attended the
workshop. The consultation outcome and project priorities as identified by the
participants are given in Chapter 13. The workshop was divided into two
sessions. The first session was a technical session that included presentations on
the approach adopted for the City Development Plan preparation, stakeholder’s
consultations, the priorities and vision of the stakeholders as well as the projects
identified by the stakeholders in the various sectors. The second session was an
interaction session wherein all participants gave their reactions to the
presentations and discussed to arrive at a consensus on a vision for the city and
priorities for development.
Based on priority ranking issued by various stakeholder groups an overall priority

ranking was worked out for the city. In all, transportation has been accorded
topmost priority as far as improvement in urban services and infrastructure is
concerned. Improvement in sewerage and sanitation follows with 2nd rank.
Improvement in water supply figures third among the interventions needed.
Drainage finds fourth mention for improvement followed by SWM and urban
environment.
1.3. VISION STATEMENTS EMERGING FROM CONSULTATIONS
Making Agartala City, gateway to North East India and Green & Eco-friendly
city by 2021 through:
• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving safer living
conditions and an improved quality of life;
This was the collective vision that the various stakeholders, the elected
representatives, the communities etc had for the city of Agartala. The improved
quality of life also meant the protection of the city residents from the imminent
threats due to the vulnerability to recurrent floods. The consultations clearly
indicate that any major infrastructure investments in the city shall be sustained
only after the safety of the city is ensured, through appropriate measures.
It is perceived by the stakeholder groups that implementation of these visions

shall be instrumental in sustained growth and development of the city through (i) a
strong and sustainable economic growth and employment, (ii) reducing levels of
poverty and increasing personal and household incomes and (iii) Improving levels
of environmental quality and sustainability
1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL REPORT

The Report has been structured in sixteen chapters. These are listed as under:
• City Location and regional context
• Social and Demographic Profile
• Urban Growth Management
• City Economic Profile
• Urban Poor and Slums
• Urban Services
• Environmental Status
• Urban Finance
• Urban Governance and Institutional Framework
• Stakeholder Consultations
• City SWOT Assessment
• Prioritization of Issues
• Vision Agartala
• Projects and Capital Investment Plan
• Financial Operating Plan

2. CCiittyy LLooccaattiioonn && RReeggiioonnaall CCoonntteexxtt
2.1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY
The Municipal Administration in Agartala was established in 1874 A.D and the city
became a planned city by the then Maharaja Bir Bikra Manikya Bahadur in 1940s.
This erstwhile Princely State Capital of Tripura merged with India on 15th October
1949. The city has become the nerve center of all political, administrative, cultural
and commercial activities of the state.
2.2. LOCATION OF THE CITY

Agartala, the capital of Tripura, is situated along 23° 45’- 23° 55’ N latitude and
91°15’- 91°20’ E longitude, in the flood plains of the Haora River. Historically, the
city has been an important border-trading town with trading linkages with
Bangladesh. The National Highway (NH)-44 connects Agartala with Silchar,
Guwahati and other towns of Assam. Agartala is connected by air links to rest of
the country. The construction of a meter gauge railway line from Assam is also in
progress.
2.3. CLIMATE
The climate of Agartala is of tropical monsoon type. The average annual rainfall is
around 220 centimeters (cm). The average no of rainy days is 100 days. The
temperature varies from 4.2°c to 37.6° on the average. The winter period is from
November to February, summer is from March to May and monsoon is from June
to September. It has a moderate temperature and highly humid atmosphere.
Winds, which are of moderate velocity, are from the south-to-south – east
direction for most of the time. Average velocity of wind varies from 4 km to 9 km
per hour.
2.4. TOPOGRAPHY
The city of Agartala has an altitude of 12.8 metres. The erstwhile AMC area, the
central portion of the city is located in an area lower than the surroundings. The
central portion of the city is shaped like a saucer. The central portion is bounded
by the rivers Haora in the south and Katakhal in the north. Due to its saucer
shape, the city is vulnerable to recurrent flooding during monsoons. The city is
located in seismic zone V.
2.5. REGIONAL SETTINGS

Agartala is located on the major corridors of movement, in the West Tripura
District of Tripura. Being a capital city it is a center of all political, administrative,
cultural and commercial activities. Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-
Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface communication with the rest of the country is
only by NH-44, which connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of
Assam. Some major district roads also connect Agartala with other parts of the
State.
At present Agartala does not come on the Railway Map of India. However, there is
a proposal to connect Agartala with Kumarghat, which is expected to get
completed by 2006. The proposed railway station for Agartala will be located at
Dukli in South Zone. This railway station will cater the needs of city as well as the
surrounding areas. Figure 2-1 gives an illustration of Agartala’s regional road
linkages.
Figure 2-1: Agartala – Regional linkages
2.6. HISTORY AND CULTURE

The city has a historical back ground. The ancient capital of the then princely
State ‘Swadhin Tripura’ was at Rangamati (Udaipur, South Tripura) by the bank
of the river Gomti and in 1760 A.D., It was shifted by the Maharaja Krishna
Manikya to the site of old Agartala by the bank of river Haora and was named
‘Haveli’. The Capital city of Agartala was founded in1838 AD by Maharaja Krishna
Kishore Manikya (1830-49 A.D.).

Source: Rabin Sengupta

Figure 2-2: View of Agartala City during early 20th Century.
Agartala is inhabited mainly by Bengali communities along with 19 scheduled

tribes of Tripura. Bengali and Tripuri are the state's official languages. The other
important language is Manipuri. Hinduism is the religion of most of the people.
There are also small minorities of Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians The tribals,
with a rich and varied culture, belong mainly to the Reang, Chakma, Halam and
Usai communities.
2.7. EVOLUTION OF AGARTALA CITY
Pre-independence /Princely Regime

1838: Maharaja Krishna Kishore Manikya set up the ‘Old Haveli’ at the other side
of the river Howrah .The area used to be identified upto Kunjaban tilla at the north
Jagaharimura and Rashman tilla to the south,the British India at the west and the
river Howrah at the east. Due to frequent invasion of the Kukis and also to keep
easy communication with the British Bengal, the Maharaja started the process of
shifting of the Capital from Old Haveli to New Haveli (present Agartala) in the year
1849 A.D.
The next Maharaja Iswar Chandra Manikya on assuming throne on 1st February
1850 A.D constructed a Palace thereon.
1862: Bir Chandra Manikya started the urbanisation of the New Haveli (Agartala)
1871: The Agartala Municipality was established within area of 3 sq. miles having
population 875 only by a royal proclamation. Mr. A.W.S. Power, the 1st British
Political Agent for Tipperch was appointed as the Chairman of the Agartala
Municipality in the year 1872 A.D. As suggested by the 2nd Political Agent Capt.
W.L. Samwell, Maharaja becomes the President of the Municipal Committee. And
on behalf of the Maharaja Bir Chandra manikya, Prince Radhakishore took an
active role in supervising the Municipal works.
1874: Municipal regulations were introduced with provision of taxation. The main
source of income was from water tax levied on tanks and water bodies, realised
fine amount of judiciary and state grant. The main task was to look after the
development and maintenance of roads /paths.,drainage, bridges and markets
and sanitation. During the period, the Akhaura Khal was excavated for drainage.
1897: Maharaja Radha Kishore Manikya re-organised the entire administration

and the officer-in-charge of the Political Department was entrusted with the
Municipal affairs. During the period,. The work of Census, birth and death
registration, regular sweeping and cleaning of roads and drains used to be made.
1900: The street- lighting was started with kerosene Harrikane lamp. The present
Ujjayanta Place was inaugurated on 1901 A.D. after construction for a period of 2
year 6 month by M/S. Martin and Co.
1912-13: The Municipal Act was revised.

1917: Haora river on the eastern side was diverted towards south of Rashman tilla
and Jagaharimura and the construction of bundh by the side of river Haora
started. The town area was also extended towards east. During the period from
1913-18, the steel bridge on Haorah named ‘Karmical bridge’ was constructed.
1919-20: New Municipal Committee was formed with 9(nine) nominated members
under Chairmanship of the State Physician.
1943: The provision of new committee of 12 members was introduced and for the
Ist time, the system of election to the Municipal body started. Out of 12 members,
6 were to be elected by the tax payers and 7 were to be nominated by the
Maharaja. The Municipality was also divided into 12 wards. The Deputy
Superintendent of Police was entrusted as Chairman of the committee due to
special circumstances of Second World War period. The committee continued
upto 3rd week of November 1945 A.D.
1945: Further 10 members were nominated to the committee making it to 22, but
within a period of 1(one) month, the said committee was also dissolved and the
entire Municipal administration was taken under direct control of the State
Administration.
Post –independence
1951: The Municipal Committee was further re-organised with 18 Commissioners.
The 1st General Municipal election was held on 5th November 1951 for electing 18
members of the municipal committee. Shri Sukhamoy Sengupta and Shri Hem
Chandra Dutta were elected as Chairman and Vice-Chairman respectively.
1955 to 1978: Agartala Municipality was under government nominated

administrator.
By a notification of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt.of India, the Bengal

Municipal Act, 1932 with some modifications, was extended to the Union Territory
of Tripura with effect from 15th August 1961.
1978: Agartala Municipality was divided into 10 wards for the purpose of election
of commissioners for the municipality by enlarging the municipal area to 10.94
sq.km.
The second general municipal election was held in June 1978, Shri Amal
Dasgupta was elected chairman of the 10 members elected municipal board.
The municipality was further extended to an area of 15.81 sq.k.m and was divided
in to 13 wards. The 3rd general municipal election was held in July 1983.
1988 to 1996: The municipality was placed under government nominated

administrator.
26 October 1994: The Tripura Municipal Act.1994 was passed as per 74th
amendment of the Constitution of India, The 4th general Municipal election was
held in December, 1995, and municipal council of 17 elected members and 3
nominated members was formed.
After the 5th general municipal election held in the month of December 2000
another municipal council with 17 elected members and 3 nominated members
came to power. The municipal area was 16.012 sq. k.m. with population of
1,89,998 as per 2001 census.
2004: The Agartala Municipal Council has further been extended from 16.012 sq
km to 62.02 sq km in 2004 with a population of 368493 persons. The total GAPA
area comprises of 92 sq km.

3. SSoocciiaall && DDeemmooggrraapphhiicc PPrrooffiillee
3.1. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS
The population trend shows that the city core, i.e. the erstwhile AMC is densely
populated where 17% of the geographical area supports 50% of the population of
GAPA as shown in Table 3-1. However, the overall density of population shows
an increasing trend in the newly added areas outside the erstwhile AMC.
3.1.1. Greater Agartala Planning Area
Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) has a total area of 92.0 sq. km. It
comprises the erstwhile Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) area, the area newly
extended in 2004 and a number of villages (Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1). The total
estimated population of GAPA as per 2001 census is 379893. GAPA population
accounts for 69% of Tripura’s total urban population indicating the prominence of
the city. The population distribution within GAPA is not uniform.
Table 3-1: GAPA- Constituent Area, 2001

Geographical Area (Ha) Population
Constituent Area
Area % Population %
Erstwhile AMC 1594.6 17 189998 50
Newly Added Extended Area of AMC 4658.0 51 178495 46.9
Rest of GAPA 2941.0 32 11400 3.1
Total Planning Area (GAPA) 9200.0 100.0 379893 100.0
Source: Census of India, Government of India, 2001

Figure 3-1: Constituent Areas within GAPA
3.1.2. Agartala Municipal Area
The AMC area limit has also undergone a number of revisions in the past as is
evident from Table 3-2. Agartala had a total area of 3 sq. km with a total
population of only 875 in 1871 AD up to 1901. The Agartala Municipal Council1 up
1
The AMC was set up as per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 with effect from 26 October, 1994.
to 2003 had an area of 16.02 sq. km (herein after referred to as erstwhile AMC) as
per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 with effect from 26 October 1994. In 2004,
the area of erstwhile AMC has been expanded from 16.02 sq. km. to 62.60 sq. km
by notifying 25 more surrounding villages2.
Table 3-2: Agartala Municipal Council Area (AMC Area)

Changes in Area, 1901 – 2004
Year Population Area (sq. km)
1901 6415 3.00
1981 132186 10.94
1991 157358 15.81
2001 189998 16.02
3
2004 368493 (New AMC Area) 62.60
Source: Census of India, 2001
Analysis of the population growth trends over the years shows that the population
in the GAPA area is consistent over the years.
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001
Within Erstwhile AMC*

Outside Erstwhile AMC**
Greater Agartala Planning Area
Figure 3-2: Growth rate of population, 1971-2001
During 1971-1981 the growth rate was 2.4% per annum and thus has
subsequently declined slightly. The rate of urban and rural natural increase of
Tripura is only 1.06%, low as compared to the all-India average of 1.69. Such a
low rate of natural increase would, however, support the relatively low population
growth rates historically observed for GAPA
3.2. POPULATION DENSITY

The population distribution within Planning Area of Agartala had been relatively
high in the city core as compared to periphery. The data suggests that with only
17% of the geographical area the core area (erstwhile AMC) occupies over 50%
of the population of GAPA. Besides, the New AMC Area with a share of 68% of
2
In 2004 16 Grams of Dukli R.D.Block, 7 Grams of Mohanpur R.D.Block and 2 Grams of Jirania R.D.Block with
area of 42.83 sq.k.m.
3
The population figures for the newly added village areas have been taken from 2001 census.
geographical area has 96% of the total population of GAPA (Table 3.3 and
Figure 3-3).
Table 3-3: GAPA – Population Density, 1971-01 (Persons/sq. Km.)

Years Inside Municipal Limits* Outside Municipal Limits** GAPA
1971 13926 1091 2939
1981 8366 1517 3930
1991 9959 1956 4379
2001 11983 2504 5886
Source: *Census of India, Rural – Urban Distribution of Population, and Provisional Population Totals of Respective States,
2001, ** Greater Agartala Development Plan, 2031.
7000 3
6000
5000
4000
2.25
3000
2000
1000
0 1.5
1971 1981 1991 2001
Population Density Growth Rate
Figure 3-3: Population Density and Growth Rate of Population, 1971-01

Figure 3-4: GAPA-Population Density, 2001
Table 3-4: GAPA – Population by Constituents, 1991- 2001

Population
Population Area
Constituent Area Density (ppha)
1991 2001 % Ha. % 1991 2001
Wards
1 6344 11368 88.4 72 129
2 8683 11034 120.8 72 91
3 11441 14729 185.4 62 79
4 8102 9793 104.6 77 94

Population
Population Area
Constituent Area Density (ppha)
1991 2001 % Ha. % 1991 2001
5 11192 5020 80.9 138 62
6 14002 14636 73.7 190 199
7 9332 57.0 0 164
8 11720 55.1 0 213
9 15627 12790 120.7 129 106
10 15295 10539 44.2 346 238
11 8804 88.4 0 100
12 20927 15070 117.0 179 129
13 8254 11436 88.3 93 130
14 6462 11164 120.7 54 92
15 9753 55.0 0 177
16 20081 10229 57.6 349 178
17 10948 12581 136.8 80 92
Erstwhile AMC 157358 189998 50.0% 1594.6 17% 99 119
Barjala 19617 26875 987.1 20 27
Indranagar 13795 19716 959.9 14 21
Khayerpur 6797 10774 250.9 27 43
Jogendranagar 26990 38586 807.6 33 48
Pratapgargh 13972 29714 394.6 35 75
Badhar ghat 35576 52828 1257.9 28 42
Newly Added
116747 178495 46.9% 4658.0 51% 25 38
Extended Area of AMC
Narsingarh 6545 770 177.2 37 4
Singarbi 9160 1279 170.8 54 7
Gandhigram CT 7538 1204 365.1 21 3
Ananda nagar 5168 1125 367.3 14 3
Dukli 15975 1901 336.9 47 6
Charipara 12414 1953 308.6 40 6
Madhupur 7340 1936 731.5 10 3
Madhuban 9632 1232 483.6 20 3
Rest of Greater
73772 11400 3.1% 2941.0 32% 25 4
Agartala
GAPA 347877 379893 100% 9200.0 100% 38% 41%
Source: Compiled from Census of India data, 1991 and 2001.
3.3. LITERACY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The literacy rate in Agartala is the highest among the localities of Tripura. In the
sample population People having primary education come to be highest for the
marginally poor (MP) section. Almost 40% of the populations have completed high
school, and about one fourth of the population have education up to graduation
and above. Percentage of graduates and above is high between the MIG and HIG
reflecting their ability to avail such education. It is estimated that only 5-10% of the
population might be illiterate. (Table 3-5 and Figure 3-5)
Table 3-5: GAPA – Literacy and Education (%) of persons, 2005

Education level
Income Group Up to Up to Up to Up to Graduation and
Class V Class VIII class X class XII Above
Below Poverty Line 26.9 33.7 25.7 8.0 5.6
Marginally Poor 35.3 27.8 26.2 6.0 4.7
Low Income Group 20.2 21.9 31.4 14.3 12.2

Education level
Income Group Up to Up to Up to Up to Graduation and
Class V Class VIII class X class XII Above
Middle Income
10.6 12.6 30.8 18.8 27.3
Group
High Income Group 7.6 7.9 20.1 16.4 48.0
All 16.6 17.4 28.5 15.1 22.4
Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005.
Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than
INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-
5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Marginally
Poverty
Income
Income
Income
All
Middle
Group
Group
Group
Below
High
Low
Line
Poor
Upto Class V Upto Class VIII

Upto class X Upto class XII
Graduation and Above
Figure 3-5: GAPA – Literacy and Education (%) of Persons, 2005
3.4. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

The city social characteristics have been studied with respect to place of birth, age
structure, caste religion and social groups.
3.4.1. Place of Birth
The Socio Economic Survey (SES) results show that around 45% of the people
have migrated to the city implying the presence of employment opportunities in
the city. Among migrants, a small but significant percentage (3%) has migrated
from Bangladesh (Table 3-6, Figure 3-6). The data also suggests that the
significant share of migrants is BPL. The migrants are mainly involved in pulling
rickshaws or as hired labourers. Maximum population (55%) of the city is originally
from Agartala itself. Higher income groups are significantly from Agartala as well
as from other parts of the country,
Table 3-6: GAPA – Place of birth (%) of persons, 2005

Origin
Income Group Other Areas
Agartala Bangladesh Others
in Tripura
Below Poverty Line 61.8 19.5 4.1 14.6
Marginally Poor 50.4 26.1 3.9 19.6
Low Income Group 57.5 16.9 3.7 21.9
Middle Income Group 57.5 13.6 3.9 24.9
High Income Group 49.0 11.3 3.8 35.9

Origin
Income Group Other Areas
Agartala Bangladesh Others
in Tripura
All 55.6 15.9 3.8 24.7
Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005;. Note: Others include other North Eastern
States & Rest of India.
80
60
40
20
0
Income
Income
Income
Poverty
Marginall
All
Middle
Group
Group
Group
Below
y Poor
High
Low
Line
Origin Agartala Origin Other Areas in Tripura

Origin Bangladesh Origin Others
Figure 3-6: GAPA - Place of birth (%) of persons, 2005
3.4.2. Age Structure
Analysis of the age structure of Agartala city (Table 3-7 and Figure 3-7) reflects a
predominance of the young age group who has basically come to the city for
employment. The effect of income on the age group is quite evident from the fact
that percentage of the people falling in the age group of above 60 is more for the
Middle Income Group (MIG) and High Income Group (HIG) due to the better living
standards and increased life expectancy. Vice versa the percentage of people
falling in the age group of below 15 is more in the Below Poverty Line (BPL),
Marginally Poor (MP) and Low Income Group (LIG).
Table 3-7: GAPA – Age Structure (%) of persons, 2005

Age Group
Income Group
Less than 15 15-59 Above 60
Below Poverty Line 11 82 7
Marginally Poor 14 78 8
Low Income Group 11 81 8
Middle Income Group 8 81 11
High Income Group 7 79 15
All 10 80 10

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Marginally
Poverty
Income
Income
Income
All
Middle
Group
Group
Group
Below
High
Low
Line
Poor
Less than 15 15-59 Above 60
Figure 3-7: GAPA – Age Structure (%) of persons, 2005
3.4.3. Religion
The people residing in Agartala city are predominantly Hindus (97.7%), followed
by Muslims (1.9%) (Table 3-8 and Figure 3-8).
Table 3-8: GAPA - Religion (%) of persons, 2005

Religion
Income Group
Hindu Muslim Buddhist Christian
Below Poverty Line 96.8 2.1 0 1.1
Marginally Poor 96.8 2.7 0 0.5
Low Income Group 97.3 2.6 0 0
High Income Group 99.2 0.4 0.4 0
All 97.7 1.9 0.1 0.2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Below Marginally Low Middle High All
Poverty Poor Income Income Income
Line Group Group Group
Hindu Muslim Buddhist Christian
Figure 3-8: GAPA – Religion (%) of Persons, 2005
3.4.4. Social Groups
In terms of caste and tribes, 58.5% of the population belongs to general category
followed by 19.0% in the scheduled caste (Table 3-9 and Figure 3-9). Within the
various income groups, the percentage of people belonging to scheduled castes

and other back ward tribes is more within the BPL and MP reflecting the traditional
relation between socially considered low caste people and low income.
Table 3-9: GAPA – Social Groups (%) of Persons, 2005

Social Group
Income Group Scheduled Scheduled Other backward
General
Caste Tribe Classes
Below Poverty Line 45.7 26.1 5.4 22.8
All 58.5 19.0 6.5 16.0
80
60
40
20
0
Marginally
Poverty
Income
Income
Income
All
Middle
Group
Group
Group
Below
High
Low
Line
Poor
General Scheduled Caste

Scheduled Tribe Other backward Classes
Figure 3-9: GAPA – Social groups (%) of persons, 2005
3.5. POPULATION PROJECTION

The Census 2001 revealed a substantial slowdown in the population growth of the
State of Tripura, to 1.5% per annum whereas earlier it had been higher, on the
order of 2 % per annum. This would reflect the decline in the rate of natural
increase, to 1.06% per annum, described above. Based upon these trends, the
Census Bureau projected the growth of Tripura to grow at 1.2% per annum
through 2011, and then to slow to 1.1% per annum and then 1.0% per annum to
2021.Extrapolating there trends, the population of the State would be about 4.97
million persons by 2041.
Against this backdrop, there is a wide range of possible growth scenarios for
Agartala. If cross-border trade with Bangladesh and Myanmar open up Agartala’s
economy would grow dramatically. If, on the other hand, cross-border trade and
passage of goods to Kolkata remains restricted, Agartala could be expected to
grow more slowly. Underlying these economic forces, it is likely that the rate of
natural increase of the population will remain about 1% per annum. This being the
case, the consultants have projected the growth of Agartala to increase at 2.1%
per annum through 2011 and then decline gradually to 1.7% per annum by 2041.
This yields a population of 802,457 in 2041. The population of GAPA would have

increased from 11.9% of the State population in 2001 to 16.1% of the State
population in 2041. (Table 3-10)
Table 3-10: Population Projection for Tripura and GAPA, 1991-2001

State GAPA
Year
Population CAGR Population CAGR % Of State
1991 2,757,000 n/a 214864 n/a 7.8
2001 3,199,203 1.5 379893 2.6 11.9
2011 3,664,000 1.2 479211 2.1 13.1
2021 4,061,000 1.0 572799 1.9 14.1

2031 4,494,000 1.0 677972 1.7 15.1
2041 4,974,000 1.0 802457 1.7 16.1

4. UUrrbbaann GGrroowwtthh MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
4.1. PHYSICAL GROWTH PATTERN
Agartala is a city of rivers and lakes. The city is bounded by the rivers Haora and
Katakhal, both of which flow westward into Bangladesh. There are other rivers like
Bangeswar Gang, Debta Gang, Nagicharra, Kalapani Charra and its tributaries,
which spread all over Greater Agartala. Out of these rivers, Haora is one of the
nine important rivers in the state having a length of 53 Km.
A major part of the present GAPA is flat terrain. The city is situated at a lower level
than the surrounding areas, giving it the appearance of a saucer.
Agartala city witnessed initial development on the northern bank of river Haora
(the present central zone). With the increase in population, the city started to grow
on all directions except on the west due to international boundary with
Bangladesh. Relatively, the city grew on the north and south of the central zone
over the years. The existing structure and growth direction of Agartala city over
the last two and half decades was also attributed to many factors: (a) presence of
physical constraints including agriculture lands, water bodies, connectivity to the
central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers and frequent occurrence of floods
during monsoon season in many areas; and (b) employment/activity nodes and
areas (industrial, institutional, and commercial) that have come up over the years.
Clearly, the growth outside the erstwhile AMC limit has spread up to the new AMC
limit (2004). The land available for future growth facilitated such growth.
4.2. EXISTING LAND USE

The land use pattern reflects the relative inadequacy of land for various uses.
Area under residential use is comparatively low in percentage and there is
shortage of housing. Figure 4-3 shows existing landuse of GAPA, 2005.
Land under commercial and industrial use is relatively low, as these functions are
still in their formative stage. The city also suffers from inadequate developed
recreational area, although landform of the city and its suitability as a place of
tourist attraction will justify a claim for higher proportion of land under recreation.
Table 4-1 and Figure 4-1 presents the existing Land use breakup in Erstwhile
Agartala Municipal area (city core area). Table 4-2 and Figure 4-2 shows the
existing Land use breakup in Greater Agartala Planning Area GAPA-2001.
Table 4-1: Agartala: Existing Land use, 1991 (Erstwhile Municipal area)
Use Area (Ha) % of Total Area
Residential 588.05 37.22
Commercial 31.25 1.98
Industrial 8.35 0.53
Public Utilities 4.5 0.28
Institutional 105.25 6.66
Government Function 22.50 1.42
Organized Open Space 8.55 0.54

Use Area (Ha) % of Total Area

Vacant Land 73.00 4.62
Land Under Defence 34.50 2.18
Transport and Communication 97.64 6.18
Agricultural 118.70 7.52
Others 487.66 30.90
Total 1580 100
Source: Government of Tripura, Public Works Department (May 2001), Greater Agartala Development Plan
The details of the proposed land use and existing land use of Greater Agartala is
shown in Table 4-2. Figure 4-3 presents the existing land use of GAPA. Figure
4.5 presents future activity centres.
Table 4-2: Agartala: GAPA - Existing land use 2001

Existing
Land Use
Area (Ha) Percentage
Residential 2277.55 24.75
Commercial 50.75 0.55
Industrial 50.35 0.56
Public Utilities 18.50 0.2
Institutional 175.25 1.90
Government Function 70.50 0.76
Organised Open Space 24.55 0.26
Vacant Land 2205.75 23.97
Land under defence, 79.50 0.86
Transport and communication 455.40 4.95
Agricultural 2257.75 24.54
Others (Including Forests, Water Bodies etc.,) 1532.15 16.7
Total 9200 100
Residential
31% Commercial
36% Industrial
Public Utilities
Institutional
Government Function
Organized Open Space
8% Vacant Land
0%1% 2% Land Under Defence
6% 2% 7%
5% 1%1%
Transport and Communication
Agricultural
Others
Figure 4-1: Agartala: Existing Land use, 1991 (Erstwhile Municipal Area)

Residential
Existing Landuse GAPA-2001
Commercial
Industrial
Public Utilities
Institutional
17% 24% Government Function
Organised Open Space
Vacant Land
1%
0%
2%
24% 1%
0% Land under defence,
5% 1% 24% Transport and communication
Agricultural
Others(Including Forests, Water

Bodies etc.,)
Figure 4-2: Existing Land use GAPA-2001
Figure 4-3: GAPA- Existing Land Use

4.3. PROPOSED LAND USE

The details of the proposed land use and existing land use of Greater Agartala is
shown in Table 4-3. Figure 4-3 presents the existing land use of GAPA.
Table 4-3: GAPA - Existing and Proposed land use

Existing Proposed (2011)
Land Use
Area (Ha) Percentage Area(Ha) Percentage
Residential 2277.55 24.75 2915 31.68
Commercial 50.75 0.55 288 3.13
Industrial 50.35 0.56 308 3.35
Public Utilities 18.50 0.2 62 0.67
Institutional 175.25 1.90 525 5.71
Government Function 70.50 0.76 179 1.95
Organised Open Space 24.55 0.26 750 8.15
Vacant Land 2205.75 23.97 760 8.26
Land under defence, 79.50 0.86 - -
Transport and communication 455.40 4.95 850 9.24
Agricultural 2257.75 24.54 1204 13.09
Others (Including Forests, Water Bodies etc.,) 1532.15 16.7 1359 14.07
Total 9200 100 9200 100.00
4.4. DIRECTION OF PHYSICAL GROWTH

Considering the physical constraints, land availability, land suitability, ongoing,
committed and proposed major activity nodes and stakeholders’ perception, it is
evident that the city growth would likely to occur on two directions:
• North of Katakhal River along the airport road; and
• South of Haora River along the National Highway.
Evolution of Agartala City:

• Agartala city witnessed initial development on the northern bank of river Haora (the present
central zone). With population increase, city started to grow on all directions except on the west
due to international boundary with Bangladesh.
• Relatively, the city grew on the north and south of the central zone over the years. The existing
structure and growth direction of Agartala city over the last two and half decades was also
attributed to many factors: (a) presence of physical constraints including agriculture lands, water
bodies, connectivity to the central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers and frequent
occurrence of floods during monsoon season in many areas; (b) employment/activity nodes and
areas (industrial, institutional, and commercial) that have come up over the years.
• Clearly, the growth outside the erstwhile AMC limit has spread up to the new AMC limit (2004).
The land available for future growth facilitated such growth. The structure of the city in the past
was also influenced due to traffic network.
• There are a number of ongoing, committed and proposed projects of various type and
magnitude within the limit or in the surrounding 5 km radius of Greater Agartala. Some of the
major projects include (a) capital complex on airport road; (b) railway station on the southern
part of Agartala; (c) by-pass connecting NH of Udaipur road to Manu road on the east; (d)
medical college on the western part; (e) bus terminal on south of Haora river; (f) hotel
complexes on the north of Katakhal River; (g) proposed NIT status to existing Agartala
University; (h) truck terminal on the eastern part; and (i) bodhjungnagar growth centre on the
northeastern part (outside Greater Agartala city).All these developments are bound to improve
the living conditions and increase the growth of Agartala city.
Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5 represents the strategic city growth and proposed
activity areas up to 2041.

Figure 4-4: GAPA – Strategic Urban Growth

Figure 4-5: GAPA – Future Activity Centres
4.5. CONSTRAINTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

As the city was first established between Haora River and Katakhal the major
development has occurred within this area. However, the major constraints, which
could be faced by the city for the future growth, are:
• Unavailability of basic services to the people like proper water supply, drainage system, solid
waste disposal etc.
• Lack of transport linkages of the city to other parts of the country.
• Absence of railway network
• Constraints including agriculture lands, water bodies.
• Lack of connectivity to the central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers

• Frequent occurrence of floods during monsoon season in many areas

• Future development along the West is restricted due to International boundary with Bangladesh.
• Presence of large numbers of tillas have seems converted to urban use .Some tillas have
gradual slope and relatively flat land on the top, which have been put to urban use. However,
some tillas still continued to act as major limiting factors.
• The connectivity with northern and southern part GAPA is dependent on 3 RCC bridges and few
wooden bridges. As such the development process lags in this part to a great extent.
4.6. FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Based on the economic development and growth strategy, population projections
of city economic development strategy has been made. Table 4-4 gives the
overall estimated population growth for GAPA and Table 4-5 gives the
ward/village wise distribution. Figure 4-6 also presents the proposed population
density within GAPA by 2041.
Table 4-4: GAPA – Projected Population, 2001 – 2041

Erstwhile Rest of Greater Total Greater
Years Extended Area
AMC Area Agartala Area Agartala Area
2001 189998 178495 11400 379893
2006 225111 191705 15095 431915
2011 240211 219810 19200 479211
2016 260890 241288 24321 526499
2021 281390 264402 27007 572799
2031 311569 333370 33033 677972
2041 343795 419576 39086 802457
Source: TA Team Estimates, 2005.
Figure 4-6: GAPA – Existing & Proposed Population Density, 2001-2041

Table 4-5: Projected Population by Zones, 2005-2041

Constituent Areas (Wards Population as per
Projected Population, 2006 - 2041
in Erstwhile AMC, Villages Census of India
in Extended Area & Rest
1991 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2031 2041
of Greater Agartala)
1 6344 11368 12376 13260 14144 15470 17680 19890
2 8683 11034 24160 25368 26576 27784 29596 32616
3 11441 14729 25956 27810 29664 32445 37080 40788
4 8102 9793 10460 11506 13075 14121 15690 17259
5 11192 5020 6068 7281 8090 8899 10517 12135
6 14002 14636 15109 15846 16583 17320 18425 19531
7 9332 9690 10260 10830 11400 12825 14250
8 11720 12122 12949 13775 14326 15153 15979
9 15627 12790 13881 15088 16898 18105 19916 21726
10 15295 10539 10829 11050 11492 12155 12597 12818
11 8804 9282 9724 10608 11492 13260 15470
12 20927 15070 15795 16380 18720 21060 23400 26325
13 8254 11436 12804 13687 15453 17660 19426 21192
14 6462 11164 12070 13277 15088 16898 19312 21726
15 9753 10175 10725 11275 12375 12925 13750
16 20081 10229 10656 10944 11520 12096 13248 14400
17 10948 12581 13680 15048 17100 17784 20520 23940
Erstwhile AMC 157358 189998 225111 240201 260890 281390 311569 343795
Barjala 19617 26875 29612 34547 39482 44418 57249 78965
Indranagar 13795 19716 23038 28798 33597 38397 52796 67194
Khayerpur 6797 10774 11290 14802 15053 16308 21325 25089
Jogendranagar 26990 38586 40379 45225 48455 52493 66222 80758
Pratapgargh 13972 29714 30782 33544 35518 37491 41437 49330
Badhar ghat 35576 52828 56604 62894 69183 75296 94341 118240
Newly Added
116747 178495 191705 219810 241288 264402 333370 419576
Extended Area of AMC
Narsingarh 6545 770 1168 1418 1595 1772 2127 2481
Singarbi 9160 1279 1366 1708 2049 2391 2733 3074
Gandhigram CT 7538 1204 1825 2555 3286 2921 3651 4381
Ananda nagar 5168 1125 1837 2571 3306 3673 4408 5143
Dukli 15975 1901 2359 2695 3369 4043 4717 5391
Charipara 12414 1953 2160 2469 3086 3703 4320 4938
Madhupur 7340 1936 2926 3658 4726 5121 6584 8047
Madhuban 9632 1232 1458 2126 2904 3383 4494 5632
Rest of Greater Agartala 73772 11400 15099 19200 24321 27007 33033 39086
GREATER AGARTALA
347877 379893 431915 479211 526499 572799 677972 802457
PLANNING AREA
Source: TA Team Estimates, 2005.
4.7. ISSUES
• Inability of the city to grow along the Western part of the city due to international border with
Bangladesh.
• Lack of connectivity of central part with Northern and Southern part of GAPA leading to
underdevelopment.
• Increase in population of central zone leading to infrastructure stress in this area.

5. EEccoonnoommiicc PPrrooffiillee
Agartala city economic profile has been analysed in terms of the employment
scenario, occupational structure, city income and expenditures, state domestic
product, industrial development, tourism, trade and commerce, as all these are
correlated with each other.
5.1. WORK PARTICIPATION AND OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Employment Profile of the population shows that 49.9% of the sample population
are in labour force, of which, 10.3% are unemployed and 39.6% are employed
(Table 5-1 and Figure 5-1).
Table 5-1: GAPA - Employment Profile (%) of Persons, 2005

Employment Type
Income Group
In labour force Unemployed Employed Not in labor force
Below Poverty line 47.8 15.6 32.2 52.2
Marginally poor 44.7 14 30.7 55.3
Low income group 52 10.3 41.7 48
Middle Income group 54 8.4 45.6 46
High income group 51 3.2 47.8 49
All 49.9 10.3 39.6 50.1
100
80
60
40
20
0
Poverty
Income
income
income
All
Marginally
Below
Middle
group
group
group
High
Low
line
poor
Not in Labor Force Unemployed Employed
Figure 5-1: GAPA - Employment Profile (%) of Persons, 2005
Occupation Profile
Analysis of the occupation profile indicates an economy run by tertiary sector
where the percentage of people engaged in government services is 30.7%
followed by 39.8% in other non-definable activities (Table 5-2 and Figure 5-2).
Within the various income groups, there is much variation in the occupational
profile. Where as 38.9% of the MIG and 53.2% of the HIG are engaged in salaried
services, within the BPL, MP and LIG 33.1%, 31.2% and 10.4% respectively are
engaged as hired labourers and daily wagers indicating their marginal status.

Table 5-2: GAPA - Occupation Profile (%) of Labour Force, 2005

Type of Labour force
Hired Labour Own Salaried Service
Income Group Traditional
Agriculture and Daily Shop or (Government/ Others
Crafts
Wages Business Private)
Below Poverty Line 0.7 0.7 33.1 18.7 12.2 34.5
Marginally Poor 0.6 0.0 31.2 18.4 11.2 38.6
Low Income Group 0.5 0.3 10.4 22.8 19.2 46.8
Middle Income Group 0.1 0.2 2.8 20.0 38.9 38.1
High Income Group 0.5 0.0 1.5 13.9 53.2 30.9
All 0.4 0.2 9.2 19.7 30.7 39.8
Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR
1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle
Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Hired Labour and Daily Wages

Ow n Shop or Business
Salaried Service (Government/Private)
Others
Figure 5-2: GAPA - Occupation Profile (%) of Labour Force, 2005
5.2. HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS

Average income expenditure and savings as assessed from the survey is INR
8506, 6255, 2251 per household respectively which amounts to INR 2298, 1690,
608 per capita respectively (Table 5-3 and Figure 5-3). The expenditures can be
compared with the per capita expenditures for urban India and the urban Tripura
estimated by the consultants with NSSO data, which are INR 1345, and INR 1423
per month respectively. This implies that the expenditures and in all likelihood the
income level in Agartala is much more than other urban areas in the state.
Table 5-3: GAPA - Average Income, Expenditure and

Savings (INR / Month / Household), 2005
Average Average Average
Income Group % Savings
Income Expenditure Savings
Below Poverty Line 1372 1306 66 4.8
Marginally Poor 2348 2095 252 10.7
Low Income Group 4150 3643 507 12.2
Middle Income Group 8870 6500 2370 26.7
High Income Group 25501 18865 6636 26.0
All 8506 6255 2251 26.5

5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000)
100
80
60
40
20
0
% Savings % Expenditure
Figure 5-3: GAPA - Average Income, Expenditure and Savings

(INR / Month / Household), 2005
5.2.1. Income Distribution
Income distribution shows a predominance of LIG and MIG whereas the

percentage of people in the BPL is only 5.6 (Table 5-4 and Figure 5-4).
Table 5-4: GAPA, Income Distribution (%), 2005

Households Persons
Income Group
Number Percent Number Percent
Below Poverty Line 94 5.6 274 4.4
Marginally Poor 186 11.2 633 10.2
Low Income Group 589 35.4 2166 35.0
Middle Income Group 550 33.0 2097 33.9
High Income Group 246 14.8 1017 16.4
All 1665 100 6187 100
Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
Below Poverty Marginally Poor Low Income Middle Income High Income
Figure 5-4: GAPA - Income Categorization (%), 2005

Expenditure
Analysis of the expenditure on different consumer items reveals that the maximum
of the expenditure is on food items followed by education, fuel and rent with the
least money spent on taxes.
Table 5-5: GAPA- Percentage (%) of Average Expenditure on Different Items, 2005
Income Group Food Rent Electricity Fuel Education Medical Taxes Other
Below Poverty Line 58.6 1.0 7.8 14.2 6.1 5.4 1.7 5.2
Marginally Poor 58.4 0.9 5.4 13.3 8.2 6.6 0.5 6.6
Low Income Group 55.0 5.5 4.5 10.0 10.0 5.4 0.7 8.9
Middle Income Group 51.0 7.0 6.0 8.0 10.4 5.6 0.7 11.4
High Income Group 48.0 7.4 3.2 7.4 10.0 6.6 1.4 16.0
All 53.2 5.5 5.1 9.6 9.7 5.8 0.8 10.3
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Below Marginally Low Income Middle High Income All
Poverty Line Poor Group Income Group
Group
Food Rent Electricity Fuel Education Medical Taxes Other
Figure 5-5: GAPA-Percentage (%) of average expenditure on different items, 2005
5.3. STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Per capita State Domestic Product (SDP) of Tripura during 1994-95 was INR 4376
at current prices against the all India average of INR 8282. This was not only
much below the national average but the lowest in the North Eastern Region.
Figure 5-6 shows a continuous growth in GSDP especially after the liberalization
i.e. 1991 the SDP is growing at high rate, which is good for the economy of the
state. With the increase in economic activities the GSDP also increases.

3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
9
1
1
-8
-8
-8
-8
-8
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-0
82
86
90
94
98
80
84
88
92
96
00
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
Figure 5-6: GSDP at Constant Prices in Tripura (Urban), 1981- 01
5.3.1. Sectoral Contribution to Income
The state is predominantly an agrarian economy with over 65% of persons

engaged in agriculture generating 30% of the gross state domestic product.
However, Tripura is an industrialized state with 240 factories employing 10000
people and generating INR 750 Million of net value added. It is evident that
among all the sectors i.e. Primary1, Secondary2 and Tertiary3 sector highest
contribution is from the tertiary sector (see Figure 5-7). Tertiary sector is the
primary economic base for the state and it includes public administration,
education and community services.
These services dominate the state’s economy and are the primary source of
employment in the state. The second most important economic activity in terms of
employment is trade, hotels and restaurants that produce the maximum income
for the state. However, the sector is characterized by large-scale informalisation.
In Tripura, this sector primarily consists of small-scale businesses.
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000-
94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01
P r im a r y S e c o n d a ry T e rit ia ry
Figure 5-7: GAPA - Sectoral Contribution of GSDP 1993-2001
1
Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying.
2
Secondary sector includes registered and unregistered manufacturing; construction and electricity, gas and water
supply.
3
Tertiary sector includes transport, storage and communication; trade, hotels and restaurants; banking and
insurance; real estate, ownership of building and insurance; public administration and other services.
5.3.2. City Income
The per capita income of Tripura is rising rapidly at an annual compound growth
rate of 8.1 per cent per annum during 1993-94 and 2001-02 at constant prices.
The primary and secondary sectors in the Tripura economy are growing only at an
average annual compound growth rate of 3.84 per cent per annum and 2.15 per
cent per annum respectively. The tertiary sector including trade, transport, finance
and community and social services is the fastest growing sector at the rate of 8.12
per cent per annum. This indicates the growing demand for services due to
increasing trade. Since Agartala is the most developed and fast growing city in
Tripura, it is assumed to be true for the same.
However, due to non-availability of city level data an attempt has been made to
estimate the City Domestic Product. Table 5-6 shows the estimated city income4.
The city domestic product estimated is INR 1673.4 Million.
Table 5-6: GAPA- City Domestic Product, 2001-02 (INR Million)

State Urban Domestic
Sector State GSDP City Domestic Product
Product
Primary 31492.0 332.7
Secondary 8715.9 8715.9
1673.4
Tertiary 5666.0 5666.
Total GSDP 45873.9 14714.7
Source: Central Statistical Organization; Estimated, TA Consultants, 2005
5.4. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
There are two small industrial estates in the city, with a total capital investment of
INR 56.58 million. Together, with a total of 36 industrial units, they employ 904
persons Table 5-7. Other than these industrial estates, there are 17 other
significant industries in Agartala city. These industries, as per records, are not in
the category of large and medium industries, but considering their actual
employment and turnover, many of these can easily be placed in this category.
These include jute mill, food processing industries, metal industries etc. Most of
these industries are located along important traffic corridors.
Table 5-7: GAPA - Details of Industrial Estates

S. Area Functional Investment Predominant Types
Industrial Estate Employment
No. (Ha) Units (INR million) of Industries
1 Steel Fabrication,
Arundhuti Nagar Tobacco Processing,
3.6 26 44.38 724
Industrial Estate Fruit Processing,
Aluminium Utensil etc
2 Badherghat Steel Fabrication,
7.69 10 12.25 180
Industrial Estate Spices etc.
Source: Directorate of Industries, Government of Tripura, Agartala
4
In order to estimate the city income, the following method has been applied. First, the state urban GSDP was
estimated. The assumptions made to calculate the state urban GSDP include (i) All GSDP generate form secondary
and tertiary sector is from the urban areas; (ii) A ratio of agricultural GDP generated by each agricultural worker was
derived and primary sector GDP generated from urban areas was worked out. Second, from the State urban GSDP,
the city GDP was estimated by applying the workforce ratio (proportion of workforce in city of the total state
workforce).

Bodhjang Nagar, (an industrial growth centre) with an area of 406 acres is being
implemented under centrally sponsored scheme, in which land parcels and sheds
has been allotted with the required infrastructure. The major industry types that
are being setup here include: (a) steel Industry; (b) cement factory; and (c) sandal
wood oil extraction factory.
Along with this within the growth centre the following activities are coming up: (a)
one rubber park with an area of 50 acres; (b) one food processing Industrial Park
with an area of 20 acre; and (c) one agro- export zone having an area of 5 acre.
Besides, next to Bodhjang Nagar, an Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) is
being implemented at an estimated investment of INR 500 million.
5.5. TOURISM
Agartala is a city of many tourist attractions. These include palaces, temples,
wildlife sanctuaries and many others. The most popular tourist place in Agartala is
the Tripura Sundari Temple, popularly known as Matabari that is located at a
distance of 55 Km from the city. Other places of interest are, the Ujjayanta Palace,
located within the city, Neer Mahal located 53 km from the city, Unnakoti- a
pilgrimage center with rock carvings and murals. The tourism industry in Agartala
city is growing at a fast pace. Table 5-8 shows an increase of 33% in the number
of tourists arriving in Agartala.
Table 5-8: Tourist Arrivals in Agartala City, 1997- 2003

Type of
1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-04 2004-05
Tourists
Domestic 159730 169929 178697 268529 260403 267023
International 1971 2327 2390 3191 3684 2847
Total 161701 172256 181087 271720 264087 269870
Source: Tourism Directorate, Tripura, Agartala
Figure 5-8: Recent view of Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala City from Singha Dwar

Figure 5-9: A view of Ujjayanta Palace Complex with water tanks, Singha Dwar,
the Palace and surrounding Urban Precinct.
5.6. TRADE AND COMMERCE

The city economy is dependent primarily on the tertiary sector with a small
manufacturing base. Figure 5-2 presents existing activity and employment areas
within in GAPA. The following section briefly describes the economic sectors in
the city. The income distribution shows a predominance of LIG and MIG whereas
the percentage of people in the BPL is only 5.6 (Table 5-9 and Figure 5-10).
Table 5-9: GAPA, Income Distribution (%), 2005

Households Persons
Income Group
Number Percent Number Percent
Below Poverty Line 94 5.6 274 4.4
Marginally Poor 186 11.2 633 10.2
Low Income Group 589 35.4 2166 35.0
Middle Income Group 550 33.0 2097 33.9
High Income Group 246 14.8 1017 16.4
All 1665 100 6187 100

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
Below Poverty Marginally Poor Low Income Middle Income High Income
Figure 5-10: GAPA - Income Categorization (%), 2005
There are 9 markets maintained by AMC with in municipal limits, of which, Battala
and Maharaj Ganja Bazaar are important as the main service and distribution
center of Greater Agartala.
Figure 5-11: Market place
Growth in tertiary sector depends on the surplus income generated by the primary
and secondary sectors. High income in the sector depends on knowledge and skill
intensive activities and high commitment to quality. Agartala city is going to play
a pivotal role under the new economic regime with trade liberalization. This is
evident from existing significant contribution by the sector with even limited trade
liberalization. The logical extension of the same is growth of trade.
The thrust area in the tertiary sector is identified as the development of transport,
tourism and related infrastructure. After the withdrawal of Restricted Area Permit,
tourist arrival in the state has increased substantially and there is good scope for
promoting regional tourism (Tripura, other North Eastern states, West Bengal and
Bangladesh). The Table 5-8 shows that the number of tourists arriving in Agartala
city is increasing and seems that this will further increase with improvement in the
infrastructure of the city.
5.7. PROPOSED NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES

The JNNURM proposes improvement in five major sectors that include water
supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, drainage traffic and
transportation. The proposed projects would act as an inducement to economic
growth and development. It also proposes to improve the infrastructure,

development activities and trade with Bangladesh
Infrastructure Upgradation: It has already been identified as one of the thrust

area for meeting the goals of the Tenth Five year Plan of the state. This has been
done because lack of infrastructure has been the biggest bottleneck for the
development of the state.
• Improvements in critical infrastructure sectors such as water supply, sewerage, solid waste
management, drainage, slum development, etc.
• Proposed improvements as part of the Master Plan for Agartala.
Primary Sector Development Initiatives: Agriculture has been considered as

the core sector for emphasis in the 10th Five year plan since this sector has the
potential to provide a wide spectrum of benefits to the rural poor. Tenth five year
plan of the state focuses more on the improvement of the level of consumption of
food and other consumer goods rather then the arithmetical economic growth or
per capita income. State government has already started many new development
schemes but the contribution of this sector towards the city domestic product is
very low and may not have much impact on the city income.
Trade with Bangladesh: The railway network of Bangladesh runs along the
state's border. The economy of the State and the adjoining parts of Bangladesh
has always been integral and any separation of trade, commerce and economy
between the two is impossible. The ties between Tripura and Bangladesh are
further strengthened by very strong social and cultural linkages. The people till
date share kinship ties and relationships through marriages. The languages and
dialects spoken in different parts of the state are common with those in the
neighboring districts of Bangladesh. Thus, the natural links of Tripura with
Bangladesh are historical and deep-rooted
During recent years, a number of initiatives have been taken at the level of the
government as well as the business community, aimed at re-establishing the
historical links between Tripura and Bangladesh. The official trade between
Tripura and Bangladesh was started during 1994-95. As many as seven Land
Custom Stations have been notified for the purpose, out of which 3 are
operational at present. The Bangladesh Government has also set up a Visa Office
at Agartala. The present volume of trade in about INR 120 million per annum, but
the same is expected to increase fast, with the bringing down of tariff and other
barriers under SAARC initiative. The declared goal of SAARC nations to make
South-east Asia a "Free Trade Area" has the potential of revolutionizing the
Tripura Economy, as it will put an end to the geographical isolation of Tripura.
Serious initiatives have also been taken in recent years for getting a transit route
through Bangladesh, to connect Tripura with the rest of India as well as to the
Chittagong Port of Bangladesh. Commencement of Border trade with Bangladesh
is also under active consideration. There are also suggestions to re-establish the
old rail / road / waterways links with Bangladesh. All this augurs well for Tripura. It
will effectively integrate the Tripura Economy to the rest of India as well as to the
other countries in the Region. In fact, it will make Tripura the "Gateway to the
North-East" and will give a great boost to the state’s economy and Agartala being
the centre of trade from Bangladesh would directly receive the benefit.

It is expected that within next few years, the Tripura Economy will be effectively
integrated with Eastern India as well as other countries in the Region. This would
open up a vast market for the industrial units based in Tripura
5.8. GOVERNMENT POLICIES

Recent policies of the Indian Government especially the Look East Policy, Free
Trade Agreements, Proposed Asian Highways (AH) and Trans Asian Railways
(TAR) are going to have implications on the future development and growth of the
State. With the opening up of the Border Trade between India and Bangladesh,
rail linkages between India and Bangladesh, Tripura is going to benefit a lot.
Some of these policies are described below:
5.8.1. India’s Look East Policy
Since the early 1990s, India has emphasised on building relationships with the
rapidly growing South-Asian countries. Particularly India is strategically moving
forward to develop a strong bondage with ASEAN. Concepts such as BIMSTEC,
i.e. Bangladesh – India – Myanmar – Singapore – Thailand Economic Co-
operation, ASEAN + India, etc are being developed. As an outcome of these,
Tripura shall get economic benefits due to its proximity to other ASEAN countries.
5.8.2. Free Trade Agreements
India, with her Look East Policy has already in the advanced stage of discussions
and negotiations with many ASEAN nations for developing free trade agreements.
The objectives of these agreements are to create favourable conditions for greater
economic cooperation and promoting fair competition through formation of
progressively liberalised policy structures, eliminating barriers to trade in, and
facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services on a reciprocal basis.
It also aims at creating a transparent, liberal and facilitative investment regime to
explore new economic opportunities and develop appropriate measures for closer
economic cooperation.
5.8.3. Asian Highways
The Asian Highway (AH) project is one of the three pillars of Asian Land Transport
Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by ESCAP Commission at
its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian Railway (TAR)
and Land Transport Projects.
55 AH routes have been identified among 32 member countries for developing

approximately 140,000 km of international highways and specifies classification
and design standards. The Asian Highway project will criss-cross the Asian
continent and reach Europe. The AH’ route will connect major terminals and
depots of the North East, and so road transport would be easier and faster
compare to the past. This Trans-Asian Highway is going to be connected with
National Highway 31 and 40, which is a part of the East-West Corridor of India.
Though the AH would not cover Tripura, but its proximity to the highway
routes.The towns in Tripura are located at an average distance of 500 km from the
start points of AH.

Tripura shall have the opportunity to develop and expand its manufacturing and
tourism base with opening up of new markets and greater competitiveness with
the help of the unutilised natural and physical resources, and cheaper, yet skilled
human resources in comparison to Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
5.8.4. Trans Asian Railway (TAR)
Besides the Asian Highway Network, UNESCAP is also aiming for Trans-Asian
Railway where north East Indian Region is going to be a part of the southern
corridor connecting Thailand and the southern Chinese provinces, Turkey,
Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran with Sri
Lanka also part of the corridor.
5.9. ISSUES
The economic profile of the city suggests that although the city has tremendous
potential to emerge as an economically developed city, it is nevertheless beset by
several constraints. The issues for the city economic development include:
• Increasing marginalization and casualisation of labour;
• Agartala is still the center of many economic activities despite poor infrastructure facilities;
• Industrial sector needs enhancement
• No organized commercial spaces for retail markets. Traditional bazaars have reached
saturation levels with respect to infrastructure and spaces;
• Tourism infrastructure needs to be augmented. The other specific issues related to tourism
include:
- The tourist sites need to be restored and maintained properly, especially the buildings with
much importance.
- Provision of infrastructure facilities near the tourists’ spots is very essential which seems to
be lacking
- Parking and traffic management is very poor which also requires to be improved.
- Public Transport system needs improvement.

6. UUrrbbaann PPoooorr aanndd HHoouussiinngg
6.1. ESTIMATES OF POOR
Estimates reveal that 25% of the population in Agartala is below poverty line.
However, poor living conditions are not limited to this section of the poor
population. 15% of the population is poor or marginally poor i.e., are considered
highly vulnerable to poverty. 38% of Low income groups of the population earns
less than US$ 1 /day.
Within the city, stark variations can be seen in the poverty levels. Table 6-1 shows
the poverty levels in the erstwhile AMC area and the extended areas. While the
poverty rate is only 10% in the erstwhile city limits, in the extended areas, it is
42%. In terms of share, 80% of the total poor of the city are concentrated here.
The proportion of poor in each of the wards and sectors (extended areas) of the
city is shown in Figure 6-1. The poor in the city are concentrated mainly along
the riverbanks and areas of poor drainage. It was found that several localities
along the rivers Haora and Katakhal have poor living conditions. Nandannagar
sector1 has the largest proportion of poor. Other sectors such as Pratapgarh,
Badharghat, Khayerpur and Lichubagan also have high poverty levels. Within the
AMC area, the largest proportions of poor are in ward 1 and 5.
Table 6-1: Population Below Poverty Line (%)

Population Population Share of Total
Constituent Area Families (Number)
(Number) (%) (%)
Erstwhile AMC 3786 18173 9.6 20
Extended Area 15375 73800 42 80
New AMC Area 19161 91973 25 100
Source: Agartala Municipal Council, 2004
Poverty mapping in Agartala has been done with respect to several key aspects
that include economic and social vulnerability, housing and tenure status, access
to basic urban services and the environmental status. The indicators chosen for
mapping are given in Table 6-2.
Table 6-2: Poverty Mapping-Indicators

Aspect Indicator (%)
• Persons Below
• Below Poverty Line
• Marginally Poor
Economic and Social Vulnerability • Unemployed
• Scheduled Caste
• Scheduled Tribe
• Other Backward Classes
• Women headed households
• Households
Housing and Tenure Status • Living as Squatters
• Living in huts
• Living in slums
1
The extended AMC area includes 25 villages that have been grouped into sectors.
Aspect Indicator (%)

• Households
• Without Tap Connection
Access to Urban Services • Without Access to Toilet
• Using Pit Latrines
• Disposing Waste Anywhere
• With no Streetlights
• Households Reporting
• Flooding of Water
Environmental Status • Stagnation of Water
• Occurrence of Diseases
• Water Borne Diseases
• Respiratory Diseases
Figure 6-1: Persons Below Poverty Line (%)

6.2. REVIEW OF URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

It is estimated that 25% of the people of Agartala are below poverty line. 26% of
the BPL population lives in squatters in Government lands. A significant proportion
of the poor are thus uncovered by any programmes.
6.2.1. Institutional Setup for Poverty Alleviation
The Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) has set up an Urban Poverty Eradication
(UPE) Cell that implements the poverty alleviation programmes. The cell has been
created with the objective of
• Bringing all operations related to the urban poor under one canopy and
• To ensure grass root level involvement.
The AMC in some cases with assistance form the UDD implements several
poverty alleviation programmes. Table 6-3 gives a brief description of each of the
programmes, the implementing agencies, the funding pattern and the institutional
mechanism and the process of the programmes.
Table 6-3: Agartala- Institutional Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation Programmes

Implementing
Role of Agencies Funding Pattern Implementation Process
Agencies
SJSRY: Consists of tow schemes including Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP) and Urban
wage employment programme (UWEP).
AMC Central and State • Guide and monitor the work of CDSs;
Implementation of Contribution. • Prepare city convergence plans based
Programmes on the community plans and sectoral
programmes at District and Municipal
UDD levels;
Monitoring of • Promote integrated and coordinated
Programmes implementation of the UPE convergence
plan;
AMC, UDD • Promote linkages of the community
structures with the ULB structures under
the 74th Constitution Amendment Act;
• Mobilize the human and financial
resources at the city level;
• Review and approve community action
plans; and
• Monitor programme activities at city level
(MIS).
National Slum Development Programme (NSDP): Scheme for Overall Upgradation of Slums
AMC Central • Ward Level Committees identify
Identifies projects Government infrastructure requirements of slum areas
and implements gives 100% grant through site visit and discussions with
the same. for the slum dwellers on their needs.
programme. • Project report by the PWD section of
UDD AMC.
Acts as • For finalisation of works to be
communicator undertaken, the same is placed before
AMC and between the AMC CPC.
Urban and the Central • Proposal then sent to UDD for comments
Development Government for and further process.
Department financial matters • UDD after scrutiny forwards it to Central
and monitoring Government for funding.
agency. • Funds sanctioned by the Central
Government forwarded to UDD. UDD
asks AMC to carry out works and issues
first installment of funding.
• Process of tendering, award and
implementation begins.

Implementing
Agencies
•On submission of Work Completion
Certificate to UDD, final payment is
released.
Integrated Low Cost Sanitation: Scheme for provision of sanitation facilities to households without
safe sanitation facilities.
AMC identifies AMC • The houseowner applies to the Public
beneficiaries, Health Division (PHD) of AMC.
gives financial • Application is scrutinized by Executive
support and Engineer, PHD and if found eligible,
monitors the prepares “Loan Agreement”(details out
scheme. Sulabh loan amount, interest rate, repayment
International period and EMI). The agreement is
AMC and implements the between the houseowner and the AMC.
Sulabh scheme. • After signing of agreement, the Executive
International Engineer issues a sanction order to both
owner and sulabh international. AMC
releases sanctioned loan payment to
Sulabh International that undertakes
construction responsibility at the
identified site of the owner.
• Implementation work is monitored by
sanitary inspector from time to time.
Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana (VAMBAY): Providing Housing to Low Income Groups
HUDCO AMC-50% and • Fixing of target dwellings to be
Decides target HUDCO 50% constructed.
beneficiaries; • Through Nagarik Committee,
Financial identification of beneficiaries;
Assistance and • Cases identified recommended to CEO
Monitoring of AMC, who forwards to project officer
of Urban poverty eradication cell (UPE);
AMC • Preparation of proposal by the
Identification of • Project Officer and puts in front of
Beneficiaries Chairperson in Council Committee
Implementation of (CPC). CPC after discussion with
programme. members finalizes list of beneficiaries
and sends it to the CEO.
AMC; and
• CEO applies for “Subsidy money” to
HUDCO
HUDCO.
• After receipt of subsidy money, CEO
issues sanction order to Executive
Engineer, PWD Section, AMC.
• Executive Engineer implements
construction of houses for the
beneficiaries and submits “Work
Completion Certificate” to CEO, AMC.
• CEO submits “Utilisation Certificate” to
HUDCO and requests for remaining
subsidy from HUDCO.
• HUDCO releases the money to AMC on
receiving the certificate.
Annapurna Food Scheme
Scheme for Old AMC • 10 Kg of rice per month (free of cost)
People (Above 65 given to the beneficiaries on the “BPL
Poverty
years) below Ration Card”.
Alleviation
poverty line having • Total number of beneficiaries as on 2005
Cell, AMC
no financial or is 732 (Old Agartala Area: 417, Newly
family support. Added Area: 325).
National Old Age Pension Scheme
Scheme for Old AMC • Beneficiaries given INR 125/Month.
Poverty People (Above 65 • Number of Beneficiaries in Old Agartala
Alleviation years) below Municipal Area is 646.
Cell, AMC poverty line having
no financial or

Implementing
Agencies
family support.
Antyoday Scheme
Scheme for AMC •
On “Antyoday Ration Card”, the “poorest
“Poorest Poor” poor” can purchase up to 35 Kg of Ration
Poverty family and for (rice/wheat) at INR 3/Kg while the normal
Alleviation normal “BPL BPL family purchases the same at INR
Cell, AMC Family”. 6/kg.
• Total Number of Beneficiaries in Old
Municipal Area is 3786.
Small Savings Scheme for Workers in Unorganised Sector (BPL)
The workers • Saving Scheme for BPL
deposit INR workers (can save up to INR 600/year)
25/month and the that can be withdrawn after the
State Government beneficiary attains 55 years. Currently,
deposit INR the number of beneficiaries under the
AMC 25/month. In case scheme is 1200.
of hospitalization,
the beneficiary
can withdraw
some amount from
the account.
Source: Compiled from programme details, Agartala Municipal Council (AMC)
The SJSRY programme suggests formation of community structures at the grass

root level such as community development structures (CDS), self help groups
(SHGs), and Thrift and Credit Societies (T&CS). While these structures have been
created, these are not used for the purposes of integrating the plans from below.
In Agartala, ward committees have been formed in each ward. The ward
councilors assist the UPE cell in assessing the needs and priorities of the
communities. These communities are represented through the Nagarik
committees. The AMC implements the urban poverty alleviation schemes in
liaison with the state urban development department and other institutions like the
HUDCO, the sulabh international, etc. These have been detailed out in the
subsequent sections. In the extended areas of 25 villages, 8 sectors having sector
committees have been created as a transitional arrangement by the government
for proper administration. The delineation of new wards in the added areas has
increased the total number of wards to 35.
While such a system can be characterized as a democratic process, it has been

severely politicized. The needs and aspirations of the community (both poor and
non-poor) are overrun by particular interests of the political leaders. Community
consultations revealed the following important issues:
• Low levels of awareness amongst communities and self help groups on poverty alleviation
projects;
• Lack of understanding amongst the councilors on poverty issues; and
• Improper targeting of the poor.

Figure 6-2: Composite Poverty Index
6.3. SLUMS
“A slum is a cluster of compact settlement of 5 or more households which

generally grow very unsystematically and haphazardly in an unhealthy condition
and atmosphere on government and private vacant land. Slums also exist in the
owner based household premises.”

6.3.1. Criteria for Slum Identification
The Urban Development Department of Tripura has listed out non-economic

parameters for eligibility of a household to be declared as BPL. Different
weightage scores are given as per the living condition such as roofing & flooring
material, water availability, sanitation, educational level, type of employment and
status of children in the house. The parameters getting highest priority include:
• Household with asbestos roof
• Brick Flooring
• Absence of water supply
• Community dry latrine
• Middle pass educational level
• Semi-skilled employment
• Working children but attending literacy classes sometimes.
The process for identification and consequently notification of slums is described

below AMC.
• Formation of committee headed by Executive Member of CPC, and member would be form
technical and non-technical section.
• The committee then visits every location or areas, which are identified as, proposed slum.
• Committee looks into the aspects of standard of living in that locality; which includes:
- Area being Marshland or low lying;
- Income of household and its sources;
- Land ownership;
- Accessibility (roads);
- Availability of sanitation facility;
- Availability of water resources;
- Education facilities;
- Drainage facility; and
- Housing typology.
• Committee submits its report to Chairperson in council committee, which discusses on the
report and final report is prepared.
• Report is then submitted to Urban Development Department, which verifies the sites proposed
to be declared as SLUM. With certain modifications or suggestions, UDD send the report to
State Government for its consent.
• Government by an Office order declares these areas as slum
6.3.2. Estimates of Slum Population
The city has 52 notified slums by the Agartala Municipal Council (AMC). 6 slums
are proposed to be notified. 6216 families live in the existing notified slums that
constitute about 9% of the total population of the city (Table 6-4). 35 slums are
located in the newly extended area of AMC. Figure 6-3 shows the proportion of
slum population in each of the wards and the sectors.
Table 6-4: Agartala: Slum Population, 2005

Erstwhile Extended New AMC Proposed
Slums
AMC area area of 2004 area slums
Notified Slums 17 35 52 6
Families in Slums 2220 4196 6216 390
Population living in Slums 11100 20980 31080 1950
Total Population living in slums
33030
(notified+proposed)
% of Slum Population (including
proposed slums) to Total Population of 9
New AMC Area as per 2001 Census
Source: Compiled from records of Agartala Municipal Corporation, 2005

6.3.3. Distribution of Slums
52 slums have been identified in the city of Agartala. 35 slums are located in the
newly extended area of AMC. Ward 1 has the largest proportion of slum
population. Most of the slums are located in this ward. In the extended AMC area,
Pratapgarh and Badharghat have large proportion of slum population.
Figure 6-3: Slum areas Slum Population
Table 6-5 shows a profile of three slums with respect to location, population,
infrastructure services, economic activity, housing and social infrastructure.

Table 6-5: Agartala: Profile of Slums, 2005

S.
Aspects Muslim Para Vidya sagar basti Radha nagar
No
Location and Demography
Near Indian oil office on the
Aralia gram (newly
Assam rifle road (Opposite to Near Debbarma bridge and
1 Location added area) along the
Radhanagar bus stand) and Radhanagar bus stand
Haora river
along the Katakhal River
6 Status of Slum Notified Notified Notified
2 Households 80-90 145 150
3 Population 600-700 800 850
Migrated from other parts of
Migrated from other parts of
5 Native Status Local the state and Bangladesh for
the state for employment
employment
Infrastructure and Services
One non-functional
8 Condition of Toilet Non-Functional Functional community toilets
community toilet
Discharge of
9 Discharged into River
Sanitation
Public Standpost: 7; PHE PHE Public Tap and
Public Standpost (1
10 Water Supply Taps: 3, Individual Standpost: leakages in water supply
Number)
3 network
Distance of Water
11 75m 200 m 50-100
source
20 Flooding Prone to flooding; Premises to be vacated twice a year
Availability of
12 Washing and bathing done at stand post and river.
Bathrooms
13 Access Road Brick Paved Track
14 Waste Disposal River Bank
15 Garbage Bins No Bins
Housing
General House Bamboo huts; Some houses have been constructed under
16 Bamboo huts
Type VAMBAY
No house renting INR 400/month for single
17 House Rent Not Known
system room
35 to 40% of houses are 55% families have electric 55% of families have electric
18 Electric Connection
electrified connection connection
Economic Activity
19 Economic Activities Daily Labourers
Social Infrastructure
One evening school
constructed under "SARVA
21 Education facility Nil Nil
SIKHSA ABIHYAN”
programme
Source: Reconnaissance Survey, TA Consultants, 2005
The major slum characteristics that emerge include:

• Several of the slums are located along the banks of Haora and Katakhal. These are low lying
areas and are prone to flooding. The premises have to be vacated twice a year;
• Primary water supply source is a public standpost, whose condition is poor;
• Average distance traveled for water is 100m;
• Public toilets are in poor shape and are non-functional;
• Waste (both solid and liquid) are discharged directly into the river;
• Most of the slum dwellers have migrated from other parts of the country for the
• Purpose of employment; and
• The houses are primarily huts that are made of bamboo.

Public Stand Post in Slums
6.3.4. Slum Upgradation Projects
a) National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)

The NSDP also shows similar patterns as of other programmes. The expenditure
pattern varies and therefore, the programme does not make any significant impact
on the poor. The expenditure per family is as low INR 313 in 2003-04 (Table 6-6).
Table 6-6: National Slum Development Programme

Programmes 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Expenditure (INR Million) 3.9 5 4 4.1 3.7 2.2
Basic Amenities 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.55
Physical Infrastructure 2.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 1.9 1.6
Social Infrastructure 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.08 0.8 0.07
Growth Rate in Expenditure 2.5 -2.2 0.2 -1.0 -5.1
Expenditure Per Family (INR) 627 804 644 631 548 313
Source: AMC, 2005; Estimated PPTA Consultants, 2005
b) Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana (VAMBAY)
The programme assists the poor in

constructing dwelling units and toilets.
Under the programme, 9% of the slum
population has been covered in a
period of 7 years thus, the benefits to
the poor are very less (Table 6-7) gives
the details of the assets created.
During visits to the slum areas in the
cities, several houses constructed
under the scheme were seen. These
House Constructed under VAMBAY
are well-constructed dwelling units.
Some of the people however, complained that the doors have not been provided
for the dwelling units.
Table 6-7: VAMBAY (1998-2005)

Aspects
Total Expenditure (INR Million) 7.6
Number of Dwelling Units Constructed 169
Number of Toilets Constructed 161
Number of Families in Slums Covered 1895
Families Covered (%) 8.5

Aspects
Expenditure Per Family (INR) 22.2
c) Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS)

The primary objective of the programme is to improve the sanitary conditions of
the poor. The number of toilets constructed as part of the integrated low cost
sanitation programme varies across the years. The maximum number of toilets
(200) constructed was in 2002-03 (Table 6-8). The lowest number was in 1999-
2000 (26). The maximum proportion of poor covered is 3%. The beneficial impacts
of the programmes are therefore, low.
Table 6-8: Integrated Low Cost Sanitation

Aspects 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Total
Number of Toilets Constructed 130 26 29 36 200 130 551
Expenditure (INR Million) 0.48 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.89 0.58 2.16
Growth Rate in Expenditure -15.4 -5.7 3.4 29.0 -4.2
Number of Population Benefited 585 117 130.5 162 900 585 2479.5
% Population Covered 2.09 0.42 0.47 0.55 2.96 1.85 1.4
Expenditure Per Family 77 14 8 11 132 83 325
6.4. URBAN HOUSING
A large proportion of the population

lives in poor housing conditions in the
city. Most low income and poor
household areas are along the Rivers
Haora and Katakhal. Apart form the
rural areas; wards 1 and 5 have poor
housing conditions. The housing
conditions in the extended areas are
worse than that of the areas in the
erstwhile AMC area. Community Toilet constructed under ILCS
The SES shows that 26% of the below poverty line households and 18% of the
marginally poor households live in squatters on the Government land (Table 6-9;
Figure 6-4). However, the proportion of those living as squatters in the city is
expected to be much higher
Table 6-9: Land Tenure (%)

Income Group Rented Government Land (Squatters)
Below Poverty Line 3.1 25.8
Marginally Poor 1.6 18.2
All 3.5 6.6
Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants,

30
25
Rented
20
15
Government Land
10
(Squatters)
5
0
Below Poverty Marginally Poor
Line
Figure 6-4: Land Tenure Ship
6.4.1. Types of Housing
Most of the poor people in the city live in huts. Huts in the city are mostly made of
bamboo and the floors are earthen. People also have started living in flats and
multistoried buildings. Percentage of poor living in flats or multistoried building is
very less compared to the people living in huts.
Table 6-10: Type of Dwelling (%) of households

Flat/ Bungalow/
Income Group Hut Others
Multistoried Individual House
Below Poverty Line 2.2 56 41.9 0
All 7.4 74.3 16.2 2.1
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Below Marginally Low Income Middle High Income All
Poverty Line Poor Group Income Group
Group
Flat/Multistoried Bungalow/Individual House Hut Others
Figure 6-5: Type of Dwelling (%) of households
Access to Housing
An attempt has been made to identify the areas with poor housing status. The
housing and tenure status in all the areas of the city of Agartala has been shown
in the Figure 6-6.

Figure 6-6: Housing and Tenure Status – 2005
6.5. ISSUES
• Slum upgradation and poverty alleviation programs are insufficient to benefit the incremental
growth in the slum population, leave alone the backlog.
• Lack of awareness among the people about poverty alleviation programmes.
• No capacity for undertaking business ventures.
• Spatial Characteristics of Poverty is that neither all BPL population is concentrated in the slum
areas nor the notified slum areas constitute only BPL population. Prioritizing the areas for
community upgradation and targeting of the poor for the poverty alleviation programmes,
therefore, becomes a critical issue.
• Poor sanitation prevails in the city. Although most of the populations are having toilets in their
dwelling but sullage and overflow from septic tank finds their way to open drains.
• Poor drainage and also due to its geographical shape most slum areas gets flooded during
monsoon season.
• Solid wastes are dumped in the river.

7. UUrrbbaann SSeerrvviicceess
7.1. INTRODUCTION
The urban service profile refers to the current state of infrastructure and utility
systems in the city. It indicates the adequacy and inadequacy of infrastructure
services in terms of coverage, quantity, quality and attempts to identify the factors
responsible for inadequate development of infrastructure services. It measures the
gap between demand and supply of different infrastructure services, and
examines the factors that explain the gap.
7.2. WATER SUPPLY
7.2.1. Introduction
The people of Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) get their water from large
and small central water supply sources operated by the Public Health Engineering
Department (PHED), private and community wells and the two rivers that run
through the city. Although about 70% of the population of the area is served by
central water supplies, water is available for only a few hours a day in most parts
of the city.
Two agencies are responsible for water supply in the GAPA: PHED and Agartala
Municipal Corporation (AMC). PHED is responsible for planning, design and
construction of major works, and for operation of the water supply system, while
AMC constructs some community water supplies, regulates permits for
connections and collection of water tariffs. Routine repairs and replacements are
usually carried out as a part of government-funded projects, rather than out of own
sources. The service is input-oriented, rather than output-oriented, and chronically
short of funds.
7.2.2. Source
The water supply requirement of Agartala is

presently met from two sources
• Surface water-Haora River
• Ground water- Tube wells
The PHED and Agartala Municipal Corporation

caters to around 292000 out of the 423036
persons in the greater Agartala Planning Area.
The remaining population of about 131036 gets
their water from private and community wells as
well as from the rivers. Supply water is
available only few hours a day in most part of
the city. Residential water consumption from
all sources averages to 78 liters per capita per
day (lpcpd) and total consumption is about 90

lpcpd. The statement of the present production is shown in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1: Statement of Present Production

S. Production Capacity Present Production
Particulars
No. (mld) (mld)
1. College Tilla water treatment plant 13.5 13.62
2. Bardowali water treatment plant 18 8
3. 41 working tube wells 41 x 1.25 = 51.25 17.83
Total 82.75 39.45
Salient features of the water supply system in Agartala are shown in Table 7-2.
Table 7-2: Salient Features of Water Supply in GAPA, 2005

S.
Particulars Item
No
1 Water source Haora river & Tube wells
2 Location of existing treatment plant College Tilla (13.5 mld),
Bardowali (18mld)
3 Actual capacity treatment plant (MLD) 31.5
4. Actual capacity of 41 tube well (MLD) 51.25
5. Total capacity (MLD) 82.75
6 Present yield from treatment plant (MLD) 17.83
7. Present yield from tube well (MLD) 21.62
8. Total production (MLD) 39.45
9 Actual quantity reaching consumers (MLD) 25.64
10. UFW (%) 35
11. Number of reservoirs (functioning) 15
12. Total capacity of reservoirs (MLD) 7.98
13 Lean period discharge of Haora river (cumecs) 0.43
14. Present registered consumers 22000
15. Population served with water supply 292000
16. Annual revenue received on water charge (INR million) 9.1
(2004-05)
17. Households with tap in dwelling (%) 74
18.. Residential water consumption (lpcpd) 78
19. Water availability Few hours a day
20 Cost of water (INR per cum) 0.9
21. Priority for improvement 2/5
7.2.3. Reservoirs
A total of 15 zonal reservoirs exist in PHED’s Agartala water supply scheme. The
total capacity of the reservoirs is 7.98 million liters, relatively less storage capacity
compared to production capacity. However the plate steel tanks in all the locations
are in highly dilapidated conditions needs replacement. The Table 7-3 presents a
list of existing reservoirs.
Table 7-3: List of Existing Service Reservoirs

S. No. Location Type of Reservoir Capacity in ml Type of structure
1. College tilla Zonal 0.68 RCC
2. Professor colony Zonal 0.68 RCC
3. Stadium Zonal 0.68 RCC
4. Stadium Zonal 0.64 Steel
5. Shishu vihar Zonal 0.68 RCC
6. Shishu vihar Zonal 0.64 Steel
7. Bardowali Zonal 0.68 RCC

S. No. Location Type of Reservoir Capacity in ml Type of structure

8. Bardowali Zonal 0.27 Steel
9. AD Nagar Zonal 0.68 RCC
10. Kunja Ban Zonal 0.45 RCC
11. Kunja Ban Zonal 0.27 Steel
12. GB Hospital Zonal 0.27 RCC
13. Health Quarter Zonal 0.64 RCC
14. Health Quarter Zonal 0.27 Steel
15. Charpara zonal 0.45 RCC
Table 7-4 shows the type of structure and total capacity of the existing reservoir
Table 7-4: Reservoir’s Profile

S. No. Type of Reservoir Type of structure No of reservoirs Total Capacity in ML
1. Zonal RCC 10 5.89
2. Zonal Plate steel 5 2.09
7.2.4. Distribution
Distribution of water is partly through distribution reservoirs and partly through

direct pumping from tube wells. Water from the tube wells with iron removal plants
is supplied directly to the distribution system. The supply system suffers from
several deficiencies namely:
• non- utilization of optimum capacity of the two treatment plants,
• under production from ground water,
• ineffective treatment for iron removal,
• absence of proper disinfections and,
• a high amount of unaccounted for water (UFW), presently about 35% of production.
After collection of water in clear water reservoirs at the two treatment plant sites,
water is pumped into 15 distribution reservoirs, with a total of 7.98 ml storage
capacity in various zones. In addition, there are 2 underground reservoirs of 1.13
ml capacity, which supply water directly to the distribution system. Water from 41
operating tube wells is also supplied directly to the distribution system, for an
average of 5 hours per day. For the remaining hours the tube wells are not
operated. The present water supply zones and its components are shown in
Figure 7-1.
Discussions with PHED officials and the results of the SES have revealed that at
present about 292,000 populations out of the total 423,036 (as per consultant’s
estimate) are provided with water under the Agartala water supply system through
about 73,000 connections. According to AMC’s records, however, there are only
about 22,000 connections. This suggests that either (i) AMC’s records have not
yet been updated to reflect connections previously outside the city limits, or (ii)
there is substantial under recording of connections. However there is an urgent
need to carry out an audit of water connections and update the records.

Figure 7-1: Existing Water Supply Zones and Components
The groundwater table in many parts of Agartala is only about a meter below
ground. Water is therefore available to the residents through a combination of
piped systems, shallow and deep tube wells and open wells. In the lean period the
water flow in the river Haora reduces up to 0.43 cumecs. Hence there is shortage
of water.
Table 7-5: Profile of Central Water Service

S. No Item PHED
1. Residential Connections 22000

S. No Item PHED
2. Net population per residential connection 13.27
3. Population Served 292000
4. Percent of City 70
5. HH Water demand lpcpd 90
6. Total demand mld 27.21
7.2.5. Supply
The present water supply to the city is from the Haora River at two locations
namely College Tilla and Bardowali. In addition, PHED operates 49 tube wells
serving the city and a number of smaller village water supply systems, most
sourced by tube wells. Currently 41 tube wells are in working condition. River
water is mostly supplied to the central and south zones of the city while the
northern and eastern zones along with part of the southern zone get their water
supply from the deep tube wells drilled in these areas. Presently the total water
production is about 39.45 million liters per day (MLD).
7.2.6. Iron Content
Agartala ground water contains high iron content, about 5 to 7 ppm, necessitating
effective iron removal treatment. Presently only aeration is being done hardly for
about 5 to 6 minutes in about 11 tube wells before supply. Thus in practical terms,
groundwater is being supplied without treatment.
7.3. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION
Agartala has no underground or piped sewerage system at present. Following are

the methods commonly used for disposal of wastewater from households,
commercial and industrial units:
• Treatment through septic tanks.
• Disposal of septic tank effluents through soak pits
• Disposal through soak pits without septic tank treatment
• Disposal into open channels and natural streams with or without treatment
• Disposal into storm water drainage system without any treatment
• Disposal of sullage (wastewater from kitchens and bathrooms through open channels or storm
water drainage system) and sewage through Anaerobic digestion pits or open defecation.
Table 7-6: Salient Features of Sanitation Condition in GAPA

S. No Particulars Item Comments
1. Toilet in dwelling unit or shared (%) 96.5 SES
2. Pipe to stream or drain (%) 22.66 SES
Among 96.5% only 76.5 % have flush toilets. Rest are pit latrines and communal
toilets. Most of the toilets are connected to septic tanks which in turn are
connected either to soak pits or drains. Sullage and overflow form the household
septic tanks finds its way into the open drains. All these wastes eventually join
river Haora and Khata khal, which are highly polluted as per Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) river water quality studies.

7.4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
7.4.1. Source
The main waste generating sources are household, institutional, hospitals,

marketplace and industries .The daily waste generated in Agartala is about 195
mtpd. Only 45-50% of the total waste is collected.
7.4.2. Collection
In Agartala at present primary collection

service is through:-
• street sweeping and

• house-to-house waste collection by NGOs.
Street sweeping is focused in densely

populated areas in the city like VIP Colony,
Secretariat, Rajbari, Capital Complex,
Rajbhawan, G.B Hospital complex, Waste collection wheelbarrow and
Kunjaban and Bhati-Abhoy Nagar areas. Containers (Generally used by AMC)
The service is not consistent outside the
present AMC boundary. This may be largely attributed due to the shortage of
sweeping staff available with AMC.
House-to-house waste collection is entirely entrusted to NGO’s due to

inadequacy in sweeping staff the. A total of 42 NGOs are active in Agartala to
cover nearly 15,000 households (hh) under house-to-house waste collection
system. The efficiency of the house-to-house waste collection service by the
NGOs depend upon (i) accessibility of the localities, i.e. habitations along the
major roads are better serviced, and, (iii) willingness to pay among the
participating households.
The waste collection frequency in various areas of GAPA are (i) daily in centrally
located areas of GAPA; (ii) every alternate day in the western parts of GAPA; (iii)
bi-weekly and weekly collection service is observed at the southern and northern
parts of GAPA.
The un-segregated wastes collected from house-to house collection and street
sweeping are deposited in mechanized container bins, placed by AMC in different
localities. A total of 25 such mechanized container bins are available with AMC.
Salient features of the solid waste management in Agartala area are mentioned in
the Table 7-7.
Table 7-7: Salient Features of Solid Waste Management in GAPA

S. No Particulars Item
1. Total solid waste generated (mtpd) 195
2. Frequency of collection
a) Central GAPA Daily
b) Western part of GAPA Alternate day
c) Southern part and Northern part Bi-weekly and weekly
3. Staff per 2700 population 1-2 sweepers
4. Total no of vehicles 27
5. Existing dumping site Hapania, in Madhupur

S. No Particulars Item
6. operational years of the dumping site 14 years
7. Waste collected (%) 45-50
8. Household with door-to-door collection (%) 35.3
With community bins (%) 14.8
9. Disposal site operations Crude dumping
10 Cost of door to door collection per month (INR) 20 -30
10. Priority for improvement 5/5
7.4.3. Transportation
The accumulated wastes in container bins are transported to the disposal site at
Hapania by refuse vehicles. Most of the refuse vehicles with AMC are tippers
trucks and dumper placers equipped with hydraulic loading/unloading facilities.
The refuse vehicle fleet and their waste transportation capacities are given in
Table 7-8. The routing and scheduling of these vehicles is managed by AMC. A
total of 27 vehicles are in use for waste collection and transportation to disposal
site. In addition 1 loader, 1 JCB robot and 1 bulldozer is available with AMC for
cleaning of waste and drain silt accumulated along road. For collection of hospital
wastes, 1 mini-truck and 2-auto vans are used.
The average waste carrying capacity of the existing refuse vehicles varies
between 4.48cu.m to7.08 cu.m. With this capacity, a total of 277mtpd of waste
can be transported daily to the disposal site, if all the vehicles are in use and
undertake specified no. of trips as given in Table 7-8. Inadequate waste collection
coupled with improper maintenance facility reduces this capacity to a large extent.
The quantity of waste actually reaching to the disposal site is less than that is
generated or collected. As per AMC’s estimation, the waste reaching to the
disposal site is about 90-95 mtpd.
Table 7-8: Refuse Vehicles Fleet of AMC

Working Distance
Sl. Type of Registration Year of Capacity Daily No. Loading/
or Non Covered in
No. Vehicle No. Purchase in cu.m of Trips Unloading
working avg.
1 Tipper TR-01-B 1928 December 4.48 cu.m W 3 65-70 km Manual/
(Swaraj 2002 (avg. 5 days) Hydraulic
Mazda)
2 ” TR-01-B 1927 Do Do W 3 Do Do
3 ” TR-01-B 1929 Do Do W 3 Do Do
4 ” TR-01-B 1930 Do Do W 3 Do Do
5 ” TR-01-B 1931 Do Do W 3 Do Do
6 ” TR-01-B 1932 Do Do W 3 Do Do
7 ” TR-01-B 1933 Do Do W 3 Do Do
8 ” TR-01-B 1934 Do Do W 3 Do Do
9 ” TR-01-B 1935 Do Do W 3 Do Do
10 ” TR-01-B 1936 Do Do W 3 Do Do
11 Tipper TR-01-A 1641 November 5.92 cu.m NW - - -
(TATA) 1997
12 ” TR-01-A 1642 Do Do W 2 86 (5 days Do
avg.)
13 Truck TR-01-A 1639 Do 7.08 cu.m W 2 60-61 (avg. Manual/
(TATA) 5 day) Manual
14 Do TR-L 2880 June 1980 5.92 cu.m NW - - -

Working Distance
Sl. Type of Registration Year of Capacity Daily No. Loading/
or Non Covered in
No. Vehicle No. Purchase in cu.m of Trips Unloading
working avg.
15 Do TR-01-A 1640 November 7.08 cu.m W 2 60-61 (avg. Manual/Ma
1997 5 day) nual
16 Mini TR-01-A 1639 November 4.62 cu.m W 2 52-53 (avg. Do
Truck 1997 5 day)
17 Do TR-01-A 1638 November 4.62 cu.m W 2 Do Do
1997
18 Dumper TR-01-C 1577 January 14.5 cu.m W 6-8 111-112 Hydraulic /
placer 2003 container km/average. Hydraulic
once (5 day)
19 Do TR-01-C 1578 Do Do W Do Do Do
23 Do TR-01-C-1579 Do Do W Do Do Do
Waste transportation capacity of refuse vehicles per day 462 cu.m
i.e. about
277 mtpd
AMC’s estimation of waste transportation per day
Source: AMC

Figure 7-2: Existing Waste Collection Frequency and Collection Routes.
7.4.4. Disposal System
The collected waste is dumped at Hapania, situated in village Madhupur about a

kilometer away from the Dr. Ambedkar hospital. The site is accessible by a narrow
metalled road that branches off from the Hapania to Gopalpur road. The waste
disposal at this site has been in operation for the last 14 years. The crude
dumping and burning of waste generates dust, smoke and foul odour posing
threat to the surrounding environment and public health.

Moreover, a chance of leachate

generation and subsequent
contamination of ground water is also
not ruled out. The nearest village is
within 50-100m from the site. Till date
no attempt has been taken towards
improvement of this site.At present
there is no waste treatment facility at
Hapania. All the collected waste is
crudely dumped at the disposal site. Waste Disposal at Hapania
Figure 7-3: Present Coverage of house-to-house Collection by NGOs

7.5. STORM WATER DRAINAGE
7.5.1. Natural Drainage System
Natural drainage of the city can be grouped into three zones: (1) Drainage of the
core city area, (2) drainage of the newly developed area on Northern side, (3)
drainage of the newly developed area on Southern side.
7.5.2. Review of the existing system
Although GAPA has numerous storm water drains and two major rivers flowing
through it, the city suffers from recurrent flood problems. During normal rainfall of
about 3-4 hours, the central part of Agartala gets flooded .As per the SES around
24% of the population is affected by floods. Although there is adequate fall in most
parts of the city to support a gravity drainage system, some parts of the city are on
low-lying land and drainage problem is more evident. The most severe problems
arise when a combination of tidal conditions in the Brahmaputra basin and high
rainfall cause the waters in the Haora and Katakhal Rivers to be higher than the
city.
Several pumps have been provided to lift the water out of the city during these
season however flooding remains a problem in many parts of the city. Most of the
main drains are masonry -lined, but the feeder drains are earth-lined and in a poor
condition with silt and vegetation choking them.
Table 7-9: Salient Features of Drainage Condition in GAPA, 2005

S. No Particulars Item Comments
1 Household reporting flooding (%) 24.6 SES
2. Households reporting stagnant water (%) 17.2 SES
3. Priority for improvement 2/5 SES
Figure 7-4 shows the present drainage system with embankment in GAPA and
Figure 7-5 shows the low lying areas of GAPA.

Figure 7-4: Present Drainage System of Agartala with the Embankment

Figure 7-5: Low Lying Areas

7.6. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Agartala is located on the major corridors of movement, in the West Tripura
District of Tripura. Being a capital city it is a center of all political, administrative,
cultural and commercial activities. Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-
Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface communication with the rest of the country is
only by NH-44, which connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of
Assam. Some major district roads also connect Agartala with other parts of the
State.
The primary road network of Agartala city comprises of regional links such as
Assam Rifle Road, Ashram Road and Bishalgarh Road as well as other roads like
Secretariat Road, J.B Road, AJC Road. The total length of road network is about
30 km long in the city. Figure 7-6 shows the road network of Agartala. The NH-44
passes through the city and is the lifeline of traffic movement. There is no distinct
hierarchy of roads that can be observed. About 50% of the road length is
revealed to have RoW of 8-10 m and 36% of the road length has more than 10 m
RoW. High congestion is seen in some of the traffic nodes due to improper road
geometry.
In Agartala pedestrian volumes are very high on major roads. At present foot path
on both sides of the road exists on Motor Stand Road, Hariganga Basak Road,
Fire Brigade Road, Palace Road, and Gol Bazaar Road. Construction of footpaths
and zebra crossing on rest of the roads is needed to ensure segregation of flows
and minimize risk of accidents.
The major traffic nodes and activity in GAPA is shown in Table 7-10.
Table 7-10: Major Traffic Nodes

Sl. No Location Type of node Description
1. Battola junction Traffic terminal Auto rickshaw parking, bus
stand, human encroachment
2. Motor stand junction Traffic terminal Parking of bus truck, auto
rickshaw, cars etc
3 State secretariat Work center Major government offices
4 Golmarket Commercial The retail and wholesale
center business area and houses
5 I.G.M. hospital Health center Health center

Figure 7-6: Existing Road Network of GAPA
7.6.1. Traffic volume
The volume levels recorded vary significantly across spatial frame of city from
about 27,000 PCU to 101,900 PCU Of the total length of network about one fifth
have recorded peak traffic flows of more than 4,000 PCU. These include Assam
Rifle Road and NH-44 which are the main roads. Also high volume of traffic is
observed on IGM Hospital road due to commercial activities all along the road.

The other roads are presently experiencing peak hour traffic volume levels of
about 2,000 PCU. This indicates that traffic in the city is fairly distributed on most
of the major roads.
Heterogeneous Traffic on Agartala Roads Heterogeneous Traffic on Agartala Roads
On an average day about 90,000 vehicles enter and exit Agartala. Location wise
analysis reveals that maximum volume of traffic is on the Bishalgarh road
(101,506 vehicles). The modal mix reveals about 65% motorized passenger
vehicles, 6% of goods vehicles and 29% of non-motorized vehicles. Two wheelers
and cars constitute the maximum portion of passenger traffic. Location wise
average and daily and peak hour traffic volume is given in Table 7-11.
Table 7-11: Average Daily and Peak Hour Traffic Volume by Location
Traffic volume (In PCU)
S.No Name of Road
Total (24 Hr) % Peak
1 Akhora Road 49072 13.6
2 Airport Road 58754 12.9
3 Ashram Chowmani Road 94.386 11.1
4 Assam Rifle Road 89496 13.1
5 G.B Road 50156 8.7
6 AJC Road 39810 10.2
7 Secretariat Road 34043 9.4
8 I.G Hospital Road 119689 12.1
9 Hariganga Basak Road 91914 9.7
10 Bishalgarh Road 152703 9.8
11 Fire Brigade Road 73175 8.7
12 Pratapgarh Road 34043 11.2
Growth rate of different types of vehicles registered in Agartala are given below in
Table 7-12.
Table 7-12: Vehicles Registered in Agartala

Type of
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
vehicles
Two Wheelers 22372 24997 28878 32677 37276 43328
LMV car/van/pvt. Jeep 5357 5908 6672 7277 8049 9068
3 wheelers passengers 2554 2828 3141 3816 4666 5157
LMV comm. 4197 4324 4452 4591 4697 5087
3 W Goods 162 172 210 295 439 834
Light Goods/Medium Goods/ Heavy goods 5143 5335 5592 5972 6272 6462
Mini Bus/omni bus 1205 1238 1306 1403 1479 1871
The composition of traffic in certain location is given in Table 7-13.

Table 7-13: Composition of Traffic (%) at Certain Location

Ashram Bishalghar
Mode Airport Road
Chowmani Road Road
Two wheelers 24 20 18
Cars 24 14 20
Auto Rickshaws 23 13 21
Buses 5 9 10
Goods Vehicles 5 11 7
Cycle 16 16 12
Cycle Rickshaws 1 16 11
Other Goods 2 1 1
Total 100 100 100
Hourly variation of traffic is presented below Figure 7-7. The maximum peak
volumes are observed on Bishalgarh Road and Ashram Chowmani Road. It is
revealed that in 16 hours (between 6 am and 10 pm) about 75-80% of total daily
traffic uses the road.
5000
4500
4000
3500
Vehicles (no.)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
00:00-01:00 02:00-03:00 04:00-05:00 06:00-07:00 08:00-09:00 10:00-11:00 12:00-13:00 14:00-15:00 16:00-17:00 18:00-19:00 20:00-21:00 22:00-23:00
Time Period
Bishalgar Road Ashram Chowmauhani Road G.B Road Airport Road
Figure 7-7: Hourly Variations in Traffic
7.6.2. Volume Capacity Ratio
The analysis of volume/capacity ratios reveals that VCR is maximum on the road
network in the core areas of the city. On most of the roads the VCR are high. Due
to the presence of heterogeneous traffic conditions, the problem of traffic
congestion is significant in GAPA. Figure 7-8 shows the Volume Capacity Ratio
on primary road network.

Figure 7-8: Volume Capacity Ratio, on Primary Network, 2005
7.6.3. Pedestrian Traffic at Selected Locations
Pedestrian volume survey conducted at select locations reveal high volumes

along and across the roads. Hourly variations of pedestrian flows by location are
shown in Figure 7-9.

Pedestrian Traffic Vol

3000
2500
Pedestrian nos
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
0
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09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0-
0-
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Tim e Intervel
Fire Brigade Hariganga Motor Stand Chow mini
Figure 7-9: Hourly Variation of Pedestrian Volume by Location
From the above table, it can be seen that the pedestrian volumes are quite high.
Though footpaths are present on Hariganga Basak Road and Motor Stand Road,
they are fully encroached by shopkeepers or by the street hawkers. This
phenomenon results in pedestrian movement on the road, thereby reducing its
capacity and causing pedestrian and vehicular conflicts. Lack of proper zebra
crossing and other pedestrian facilities at the intersections further creates chaotic
conditions and raises safety concerns
7.6.4. Parking
Parking is a major problem in Agartala. Sufficient off-street parking spaces are not
available in the city. Due to the lack of any authorized and formal parking space,
vehicles get parked along the edges of the main city roads, thereby reducing the
carriage way of the road. This problem is particularly acute in the areas of
Hariganga Basak Road, Netaji Market, Fire Brigade Road and Motor Stand Road.
Between the Orient Chowmani and the Jakson Gate, authorized on-street parking
area has been provided by the Municipal Corporation to accommodate
approximately 30 vehicles however this is not sufficient enough to cater the peak
demand.
7.6.5. Speed and accident
The profile of speeds shows that the speed varies from as low as 8 kmph to 24
kmph. Speed profile presents that about 40% of the road length have speed less
than 20kmph. This is primarily because of the various heterogeneous conditions
like mixing of fast and slow moving vehicles. About 60% of road length has speed
varying from 20-30kmph as it mostly include the major regional roads
The accident data, obtained from government records, suggests a declining trend.
The number of accidents reported in 2004 was 67 as against 99 in 1991.Although
the data is showing a declined trend but the major concern for the city of Agartala
is its poor road geometry and also safety for the pedestrian. Comparative motor
accident cases recorded in Agartala city are given in Table 7-14.
Table 7-14: Comparative Motor Accident Cases in Agartala City

Year Total cases registered Injured Killed
1999 99 95 27

Year Total cases registered Injured Killed

2000 100 88 17
2001 87 86 18
2002 91 86 18
2003 90 72 14
2004 67 58 8
2005 87 67 21
Source: RTO. Agartala
Figure 7-10: Speed Profile, 2005

7.7. INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

a) Water supply
The people of Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) get their water from
sources operated by the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), private
and community wells and the two rivers that run through the city. Although about
70% of the population of the area is served by central water supplies, water is
available for only a few hours a day in most parts of the city. Based upon the SES,
it is estimated that only about 70% of the population of Agartala depend upon
centrally provided water supplies. The rest of the population depends upon own
wells, community wells, river water etc. Also from the SES, average household
consumption at present is estimated at 78 lpcpd.
The rise in per capita water demand may be expected as incomes increase and
standards of living improve If, for example, the amount of water used for toilet
purposes were to triple, and this would not be unreasonable if a household shifted
from use of a soakpit for sanitary waste disposal to a sanitary sewer, and if other
water uses were to increase moderately, per capita residential water use could
increase to as much as 135 lpcpd, for residential uses, or 165 lpcpd for all uses.
These patterns of water consumption are presented in Table 7-15.
Table 7-15: Patterns of Water Consumption

Situation/ Drinking Dish Washing Clothes Cleaning of
Toilet Total
Purpose & Cooking And Bathing Washing Floors and Other
Present Conditions
Percent 20 35 25 15 5 100
Per capita 16 27 19 12 4 78
Projected Conditions
Percent 14 30 19 30 7 100
Per capita 19 40 26 40 10 135
The rate of water supply corresponding to population and water demand

projections for 2001 – 2041 is shown in Table 7-16. Accordingly the city has to
augment the water as per the demand for the future.
Table 7-16: Population and Water Demand Projections 2001- 2041

Percent Served Demand Per capita Demand
S. No Year Population
% (lpcpd) Total (mld)
1 2001 379,893 65 80 19.75
2 2005 420,969 69 90 26.27
3 2006 431,915 70 90 27.21
4 2011 479,211 80 90 34.5
5 2015 517,041 80 100 41.33
6 2016 526,499 80 110 46.33
7 2021 572,799 82 120 56.36
8 2031 677,972 90 145 88.48
9 2041 802,457 95 165 125.79
b) Sewerage System
Agartala has no underground or piped sewerage system at present. The two
rivers, which flow through the city, the Haora River and the Khata Khal River, are

both highly polluted from city wastes. Most wastewaters are generated by
residential sources besides hospitals, schools, abattoirs, livestock and industries.
The water supply at Agartala is from Haora river and through ground water. The
average per capita water supply in Agartala at present is only about 90 lpcpd for
2005. In a city like Agartala, per capita sewage contribution could be higher
considering the fact that the open areas in households are less. This indicates that
whatever quantities of water are entering the households; most of the quantity is
converted in to waste water excluding some minor losses. On the other hand, it is
also a fact that still there are large open lands with comparatively sporadic
population densities, at present. These areas are not likely to contribute larger
quantities of sewage. Considering all these factors, it has been considered
appropriate to adopt 80 % of water supply as sewage contribution. Water supply
rates and corresponding per capita quantities of sewage contributions are
presented in Table 7-17.
Table 7-17: Water Requirements and sewage contributions from

Agartala Planning Area
Per capita sewage
Per capita water supply generation
(lpcpd) excluding UFW (80 % of per capita water
supply)
1 2001 379,893 80 64
2 2005 423,036 90 72
3 2006 431,915 90 72
4 2011 479,211 90 72
5 2015 517,041 100 80
6 2016 526,499 110 88
7 2021 572,799 120 96
8 2031 677,972 145 116
9 2041 802,457 165 132
* UFW: Unaccounted for Water
c) Solid Wastes
The daily waste generated in Agaratala, is about 195 mtpd where only about 45-
50% of solid wastes are collected, with the rest being dumped on vacant lands
and finding their way into the drains, contributing to the health risks and
environmental degradation. The wastes collected from the city are dumped
crudely at Hapania, situated in village Madhupur about a kilometer away from the
Dr. Ambedkar hospital. The site is accessible by a narrow metalled road that
branches off from the Hapania to Gopalpur road. The waste disposal at this site
has been in operation for the last 14 years. Till date no attempt has been taken
towards improvement of this site.
The waste generation projections have been done for the GAPA. A per capita
waste generation of 0.45 kg per day has been considered for population within
AMC areas in the year 2005. Considering the strong potential for growth in
Agartala, an annual increase of 1.5% in per capita per day waste generation has
been considered. The projected waste generation obtained for GAPA is shown in
Table 7-18.

Table 7-18: Waste Generation Projections for GAPA

Years 2006 2011 2021 2031 2041
Population 431915 479211 572799 677972 802457
Waste Generated (mtpd) 198 231 304 398 512
Considering the waste generation patterns and physico-chemical characteristics

of waste in Agartala till 2041, the capacity of the compost plant required has been
analyzed. The waste generation pattern and biodegradable fraction are given in
Table 7-19.
Table 7-19: Waste Collection and Disposal Pattern in GAPA (2006-2041)

2006 2011 2021 2031 2041
Population 431915 479211 572799 677972 802457

Waste Generated (mtpd) 198 231 304 398 512
Percent Collected 50 65 70 75 80
Total Collection (mtpd) 99 150 213 298 409
Biodegradable (%) 60 60 60 60 60
Biodegradable (mtpd) 60 90 128 179 246
Treatment plant capacity 0 80 (considering 100 150(augmentation 150
of compost production Hapania and the (augmentation of of Paschim
(mtpd) Paschim Hapania Plant to Noabadi plant to
Noabadi 50 mtpd) 100 mtpd plant)
compost plant)
Rejects disposed (70% 60 63 70 95 150
of biodegradable
fraction) in mtpd
Waste disposed in cu.m 100 105 117 158 250
(per day)
Waste disposed in cu.m 36500 38325 42705 57670 91250
(per year)
Table 7-20: Rejects Generation (2006 – 2041)

2006- 2011 2011-2021 2021-2031 2031-2041 Total
Volume of rejects in cu.m 187062 405105 501875 744600 1838642
Compacted rejects in cu.m 124708 270070 334583 496400 1225761
(with compaction of 150%)
The Hapania compost plant shall be in operation from 2006. In addition, a

compost plant of 50-mtpd capacities at Paschim Noabadi has been proposed. The
operational improvements proposed indicate a generation of 90 mtpd of
biodegradable fraction by 2011. For complete treatment of this organic fraction a
composting facility of at least 100-125 mtpd shall be required. However, it is
recommended that the improvement be limited to 80 mtpd (till 2011) for the
following reasons:
• expertise available with AMC for handling a compost plant of 100mtpd capacity is not known
• efficiency of waste collection of AMC to be evaluated;
• marketability of composts to be evaluated through a feasibility study and
• expansion of a compost plant is not a difficult task.
Beyond 2011, it is proposed that the capacity of existing compost plant at Hapania
be augmented to 50 mtpd for better operational efficiencies. Beyond 2031, the
capacity of Paschim Noabadi compost plant can be augmented to 100 mtpd
The proposed augmentation of the compost plants based upon the physico-
chemical characteristics reveals that the quantity of disposable rejects generated
till 2041 is = 1225761 cu.m. The areas thus required to accommodate the quantity
of rejects generated till 2041 is = 1225761cu.m/5m= 245152m2= 24.51 ha

(approx). The total land available at both the disposal sites is about 28.25 ha. This
is therefore sufficient to accommodate the rejects waste generated till 2041.
The land requirement to accommodate the reject generated till 2021 shall
be=394,778/5=7.89 Ha.
Table 7-21: Land Requirement for Landfill Site

Year Population Waste generated cu.m Area required
Till 2021 572,799 394778 7.89 Ha
Till 2041 802,457 1225761 24.51 Ha
d) Transportation
The roads are severely congested in various parts of the city of Agartala. Some of
the busy traffic nodes are Battola Junction; motor stand junction, Gol market,
I.G.M. hospital and state secretariat. On street parking further aggravates the
capacity of the road. In major traffic junction footpaths are not available and
pedestrian safety becomes a concern. The NH 44 passes through the city and is
the lifeline of traffic movement. There is no distinct hierarchy of roads that can be
observed.
A wide variation in the nature of the parking demand was observed at different
parking locations. The majority of parking demand has been observed to be for
passenger vehicles especially two wheelers. Due to slow speed and high parking
space requirement, cycle rickshaws are considered as the primary causes of
congestion in Agartala. The cycle rickshaws get parked on roadside in the
absence of any formal parking lot, causing further obstructions to traffic
movement.
The location wise peak parking demand reveals that the demand for parking
varies from about 150 to 600 ECS.
Table 7-22: Location wise Peak Parking Demand

Other Total
S. Location Cars/ Two
Auto Cycle Others Buses LCVs Goods
No. Description Jeep Wheelers Veh. ECS
Rickshaw Pass Vehicles
1 Netaji 3 - 515 145 - - - - 663 425
Chowmani to
Post Office
2 Hariganga 73 52 500 52 17 25 5 1 725 602
Basak Road
3 Motor Stand 21 24 660 110 - 4 - - 819 573
4 Fire Brigade 6 17 129 32 4 8 - - 196 152
Road
5 Palace Road 10 8 175 38 - - - - 231 157
To NEDFi
Office
6 Gol Bazar 4 2 450 32 - - 12 24 524 423
Area
Parking surveys have been conducted on various sections of roads in the city of
Agartala. However, based on the identified locations for off-street parking, the
analysis for the parking demand and the impact of off street parking spaces on the
operational efficiency of the roads have been undertaken. The parking demand as
assessed by location and time period are given in Table 7-23.

Table 7-23: Parking Demand on Identified Location (Peak hour in ECS)

Road Stretch 2005 2011 2016 2021
Gole Bazar 30 47 66 92
Netaji Market to H B Road 59 92 129 180
Motor Stand 91 143 200 278
Total 180 282 396 550
The peak hour factor for parking demand has been taken as 10%.
There is a dearth of off-street parking space in the Central Business District area.
There is on-street parking along roads, which occupies 6 m or even more of the
carriageway. This, if relieved, would increase the present speeds of about 18 km
per hour to as much as 45 km per hour, which in turn would result in substantial
time savings. It is even observed in the city that, during peak time, the vehicles
need to travel an extra distance, and spend extra time to find a suitable parking
space. As captured from the survey, these values by mode are shown in Table 7-
24 which reveals that there is immediate need for organized parking space in the
city
Table 7-24
Mode Extra Travel Distance Extra Travel Time (Min.)
Cars 2 km 10
Taxi 2 km 10
Two-wheeler 2 km 10

8. UUrrbbaann EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall SSttaattuuss
8.1. INTRODUCTION
Agartala, the capital of Tripura, is situated along 23° 45’- 23° 55’ N latitude and
91°15’- 91°20’ E longitude, in the flood plains of the Haora River. The National
Highway (NH)-44 connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of
Assam. Agartala is connected by air links to rest of the country.
8.2. PHYSICAL RESOURCES
8.2.1. Terrain
The city of Agartala has an altitude of 1280 metres. The erstwhile AMC area, the
central portion of the city is located in a area lower than the surroundings. The
central portion of the city is shaped like a saucer. The central portion is bounded
by the rivers Haora in the south and Katakhal in the north. Due to its saucer
shape, the city is vulnerable to recurrent flooding during monsoons. The city is
located in seismic zone V. Agartala has an undulating topography towards both
southern and northern side of the central Agartala.
8.2.2. Climate
Agartala experiences tropical monsoon and the region come under the tropic of
Cancer. The seasons can be divided mainly into 3 (three) viz. winter from
November to February, summer from March to May and Rainy season from June
to September. Normally, the temperature ranges between 4.20 c and 37.6° c on
the average.
8.2.3. Geology
The state of Tripura exhibit an wide array of sedimentary rocks characteristics of

marine-mixed-fluvia type origin ranging age from upper most Oligocene (38 million
years from present time) to Recent period. Tectonically, the region now comprises
a series of sub-parallel arquate, elongated, doubly plunging folds arrange in north
south direction. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary
formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent.
8.2.4. Soils
The plains of Haora River are alluvial in nature consisting of sand, silt and clay.
These flat lands are extremely fertile due to annual flooding and are very good for
paddy, jute, rabi crops etc.
8.2.5. Seismicity of the Northeastern Region
Northeastern region of India extending to the Himalayan arc in the north and
Burmese arc to the east is among the most seismically active regions of the world.
The entire Northeast India has been placed in the severe most zone (ZONE V) of
the seismic hazard map of India published by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) as
shown in Figure 8-1. Earthquakes here are generally shallow but some

intermediate focus events have also occurred. The 15 August 1950

"Independence Day" earthquake located at Indo-China Border Region (28.70N
96.60E) was the 6th largest earthquake1 of the 20th century. The high seismicity
in the region is attributed to the collision tectonics between the Indian plate and
Eurasian plate in the north and subduction tectonics along the Indo-Myanmar
range (IMR) in the east. Figure 8-2 shows the major earthquakes of magnitude
more than or equal to 5.0, documented in the region from historical data or
recorded data.
Figure 8-1: Seismic Hazard Map of India (BIS) Figure 8-2: Earthquakes in NE India
Agartala, the capital city of the Tripura state was originally a marshy land at the
confluence of Kata Khal, Haora River and the major tributary to the Meghna river
in Bangladesh. Agartala lies in zone – V of seismic hazard map. The major seimo-
tectonic feature causing Agartala vulnerable is the Dauki Fault which follows the
international border of India and Bangladesh in Meghalaya passing through
northern sections of Tripura. The other major threat is from the Madhupur Fault in
Bangladesh.
No major earthquake of magnitude greater than 6 has occurred in Tripura in

recorded history, though the largest in nearby part of the Bengal, was of
magnitude 7.4 across the border in the Kishorganj-Mymensingh area of
Bangladesh (often referred to as the Srimangal, Assam earthquake) in 1918.
Figure 8-3 shows the earthquake hazard map of Tripura and the location of
Agartala show its vulnerability. Even though the city is not threatened by landslide
hazard like other project cities, the built-up environment has encroached upon
areas susceptible to liquefactions, which is a cause of major concern. All the
proposed installation should have adequate in-built earthquake resistant
provisions against wave propagation hazard aggravated by amplification of loose
alluvium, looking at the regional seismo tectonic setting of the city.
1
Though it hit in a mountainous region along India's international border with China, 1500 people were killed and
the drainage of the region was greatly affected.

Figure 8-3: Tripura: Earthquake Hazard Map
Figure 8-4 presents the active fault lines and tectonic setting in the Greater
Agartala Planning Area (GAPA).
The Greater Agartala Planning Area is within a broad syncline known as the
Agartala syncline, the axis of which runs south west of the Planning Area. It is
flanked by the two tightly folded sub-parallel and arcuate anticlines viz., Baramura
in the east and Rokhia in the west - their anticlinal axes trending N-S. The
Agartala dome, a subsurface high, is located south-south west of the city. The
synclinal valley is filled with alluvium and Upper Dupitila sediments which is
dominantly argillaceous with high proportion of clay.
There is no apparent development control to mitigate earthquake disaster in the

event of subsidence caused by liquefied soil. Prior to construction of any new
development facilities, detailed geo-technical investigation shall be required to be

carried out to work out measures to mitigate earthquake disaster in the event of
sudden caused by liquefied soils.
The current development control instrument should have provision for mandatory
geotechnical investigation for liquefaction potential study and all low lying marshy
land should be adequately improved after reclamation using proper ground
improvement technique before creating any built environment.
Figure 8-4: Geology and Tectonic Setting of the Greater Agartala Planning Area

8.2.6. Drainage
Natural drainage of the city can be grouped into three zones: (1) Drainage of the
core city area, (2) drainage of the newly developed area on Northern side, (3)
drainage of the newly developed area on Southern side.
Figure 8-5: Present Scenario of Drainage System of Agartala with the Embankment
The drainage system of Greater Agartala is dominated by two major rivers Haora
and Katakhal, which drains the core area of the city (refer Figure 8-5). These two
rivers flow westward into Bangladesh. In terms of catchment area, Haora River is
the seventh largest in the Tripura and is the only source of surface water for
Greater Agartala. The river originating from the eastern side of the Baramura

range flows westerly through the alluvial plains and passes by the southern
embankment of the capital city of Agartala before finally flowing down into
Bangladesh. The flow length of the river is 53 km in the Indian Territory and basin
area is 570 Sq.Km. The annual flow of this river is 36,032 m3.
8.2.7. Ground Water
Surveys carried out by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reveal that the
aquifer system in the Agartala valley possesses good potential2. The depth of the
water table in both pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons range between 2-6
m with net seasonal fluctuations ranging between 1-2 m. In Greater Agartala, the
depth of water level for shallow aquifer was observed to be in the range between
1 to 5 mbgl, while the depth to water level in the deeper aquifers was observed
between 1 to 7 mbgl. The pattern of pre-monsoon water table contours in Agartala
valley reveals that the master slope of the ground water is towards West.
Hydrological surveys revealed that the valleys of Tripura have three to four major
aquifers within 259m in depth.
8.3. WATER QUALITY
8.3.1. Surface Water Quality
The results of analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics along 6 monitoring

locations along river Haora3 is presented in the Table 8-1. The water quality in
river Haora can be classified as Class D.
Table 8-1: Surface Water Quality of Haora River

Sl Mohan- Chandra- Arali Gandhi- Dashmi- Rajna- Standard
Parameters
No pur pur a ghat ghat gar (CPCB)
1 Temperatures (0C) 29 28 29 29 31 30 -
2 Velocity (m/s) 0.53 0.48 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.17 -
3 Discharge (m3/s) 3.07 4.39 19.6 6.26 7.16 2.07 -
4 Total Suspended Solid 20 30 24 64 36 26 -
(mg/l)
5 Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l) 106 88 98 100 104 98 500
6 Volatile Solid(mg/l) 70 62 67 58 66 64 -
7 Fixed Dissolved Solid 36 26 31 42 38 34 -
(mg/l)
8 pH 7.85 7.41 7.36 7.52 7.30 7.32 6.5-8.5
9 Colour (1/m) 2.1 3.7 6 6.2 6.2 3.6 10
10 Turbidity (NTU) 14 22 36 44 33 27 -
11 Conductivity (µ mho/cm) 171 129 141 129 133 133 -
12 Alkalinity (mg/l) 91.96 68.97 73.57 66.67 68.97 71.27 -
13 DO (mg/l) 7.16 6.84 5.83 4.21 3.8 3.13 6
14 BOD (mg/l) 2.4 3.8 4.66 7.31 19.11 17.34 3
15 COD (mg/l) 9 11 19 23 33 18 -
16 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 210 460 750 1350 1800 1600 500
17 Sulphate (mg/l) 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.9 8.98 9.5 400
18 Hardness (mg/l) 78.4 68.6 58.8 53.9 63.7 58.8 300
19 Calcium (mg/l) 15.72 11.79 11.79 9.82 11.79 9.82 -
20 Magnesium (mg/l) 9.53 9.53 7.15 7.15 8.34 8.34 -
21 Oil & Grease (mg/l) 7 4 Nil Nil 4 3 -
22 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.016 0.020 0.034 0.015 0.030 0.018 -
2
The yield prospects within the West Tripura district including Agartala City ranges between 5-20 cu m per hour for
shallow zones (at 30-50mbgl) and 50-200cu m per hour for deep zones (50-200mbgl).
3
As monitored by the Tripura State Pollution Control Board in 2004.

Sl Mohan- Chandra- Arali Gandhi- Dashmi- Rajna- Standard

Parameters
No pur pur a ghat ghat gar (CPCB)
23 Arsenic (mg/l) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.05
24 Chloride (mg/l) 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 250
Source: Tripura State Pollution Control Board
The analysis of the results is mentioned below:

• Temperature: Water temperature showed variation at different sites. Minimum temperature
recorded 28oC at Chandrapur whereas the maximum temperature recorded was 31oC at
Dashamighat.
• pH: The pH value of water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit. Observed pH
values ranged from 7.30 to 8.05 at different stations. Maximum pH value (8.05) was found at
Mohanpur and minimum pH value (7.30) was found at Dashamighat.
• Conductivity: There were variations of conductivity observed at different study points. The
maximum value (171 mhos / cm) was observed at Mohanpur while the minimum value was at
Gandhighat (129 mhos / cm).
• Turbidity: Turbidity showed a wide variation at all the study points. The minimum value
observed was 14 NTU at Mohanpur and maximum was 44 NTU at Gandhighat
• Colour: The colour of water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit. The observed
values ranged from 2.1 1/m to 6.2 1/m at different stations.
• Total Suspended Solid: The value of Total Suspended Solid ranged from 20 mg/l to 64 mg/l at
different stations. The maximum value of TSS (64 mg/l) was observed at Gandhighat.
• Total Dissolved Solid: In contrast to total suspended solid, fluctuations in total dissolved solid
showed a narrow variation at different sites of the river system. The maximum & minimum
values of total dissolved solid were 110 mg/l & 104 mg/l at Mohanpur and Dashmighat
respectively.
• Alkalinity: The maximum alkalinity was observed at Mohanpur (91.96 mg/l) and the minimum
alkalinity was found at Gandhighat (66.67 mg/l).
• Dissolved Oxygen: It was found that the DO of Mohanpur (7.16 mg/l) and Chandrapur (6.84
mg/l) were above the standard limit (6 mg/l) whereas the observed value of DO at Aralia (5.83
mg/l), Gandhighat (4.21 mg/l), Dashamighat (3.8 mg/l) and Rajnagar (3.13 mg/l) were below the
standard limit.
• Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand: With exception of the water sample of Mohanpur, the Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values of all the stations exceed the standard limit (3 mg/l).
The maximum BOD value (19.11 mg/l) was found at Dashamighat.
• Chemical Oxygen Demand: The maximum COD was observed at Dashamighat (33 mg/l) and
the minimum COD value was observed at Mohanpur (9 mg/l).
• Total Coliform: The bacteriological contamination (Total Coliform) at most of the stations of
Haora River except Mohanpur, exceeded the permissible limit (500 MPN/100 ml). Total Coliform
showed wide variations at all the study points and it ranged from 210 MPN/100 ml to 1800
MPN/100 ml. .
• Sulphate: The observed Sulphate content of the water samples of all the stations ranged from
8.8 mg/l to 10.46 mg/l which were much lower than the standard limit (400 mg/l).
• Total Hardness: Total Hardness of the water sample of Haora River was within the standard
limit (300 mg/l). The maximum value of Hardness was found at Mohanpur (78.4 mg/l) and
minimum value was found at Gandhighat (53.9 mg/l).
• Calcium: Calcium in water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit (75 mg/l). The
maximum value of Calcium was found at Mohanpur (15.72 mg/l) and minimum value was at
9.82 mg/l at Gandhighat & Rajnagar (Border area) respectively.
• Chlorides: The Chloride content of the water samples of all the stations was much below the
standard limit (250 mg/l).
• Arsenic: Arsenic is absent in the water samples of all the stations of Haora River.
• Oil & Grease: Oil & Grease were found at Mohanpur (7 mg/l), Chandrapur (4 mg/l),
Dashamighat (4 mg/l) and Rajnagar (3 mg/l). Oil & Grease content were nil at Gandhighat and
Aralia.
8.3.2. Ground Water Quality
The analysis4 of ground water quality (in terms of physical characteristics, mineral
constituents, toxic metals and organic load) at Dukli within Greater Agartala
4
Central Ground Water Board had carried out analysis of ground water samples at 4 stations in West Tripura district
during October-November 1997 and March-June 2001.

indicated that TDS, TSS, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate were within the permissible
limit; the same is applicable for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium; BOD,
COD, Oil and Grease, Phenolic Compounds were also within the prescribed limits.
The ground water quality indicates that it is suitable both for drinking and irrigation
purposes. A comparison of the water quality between 1997 and 2001 indicates
that even though Conductivity, TDS, pH, Hardness, Magnesium, Alkalinity and
Nitrate have remained low, the Iron content has significantly increased in the
water samples.
8.4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

A comparison of the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) monitored5 between 1997 and
2001 indicate a slight increase in the SPM and Lead levels at Agartala Motor
Stand. NOx level has also shown an increase over the period 1997 to 2001 for the
stations at Agartala Motor Stand, Radhanagar Bus Stand and Jirania-Kunjaban
showing the influence of increased vehicular population (Table 8-2).However the
air quality at all these locations are within the permissible limits.
Table 8-2: Ambient Air Quality - Agartala

SPM (µg/m3) RPM (µg/m3) SO2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3) Pb (µg/m3)
Location
1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001
Agartala Motor 420.02 461.63 400.10 137.4 30.68 2.83 51.38 136.4 0.36 0.61
Stand
Dukli Industrial 149.09 84.70 NA 38.07 14.64 7.10 29.97 23.53 BDL 0.52
Estate
Jirania – Kunjaban 142.31 48.87 NA 20.43 12.14 9.00 30.04 86.47 BDL 0.36
Radhanagar Bus 327.72 142.97 NA 34.00 18.54 5.80 39.09 65.20 BDL 0.26
Stand
Standards Annual 24 Annual 24 Annual 24 Annual 24 Annual 24
Avg. hourly Avg. hourly Avg. hourly Avg. hourly Avg. hourly
Industrial Areas 360 500 70 100 80 120 80 120 1.0 1.5
Residential, Rural 140 200 60 100 60 80 60 80 0.75 1.0
and Other Areas
Sensitive Areas 70 100 50 75 15 30 15 30 0.50 0.75
Note: Annual Average: Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at
uniform interval. 24 Hours Average: 24-hourly/8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However 2% of the
time, it may exceeded but not two consecutive days
8.5. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS

Major noise level can be attributed to motor vehicles, industrial works, air-horn
and loudspeakers. Ambient noise level was significantly higher in commercial,
residential and industrial areas (including silence zone) in Agartala. The data
collected by Tripura State Pollution Control Board during 2002 and 2003 is
Table 8-3: Noise Levels – Agartala (2002 - 2003)

Sl. Noise Levels in dB (A)
Station
No 2002 2003
A) During Day Time
1 G B Bazar 67 68
2 Astabal 64 70
5
By the Tripura State Pollution Control Board as part of the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM)
program.

Sl. Noise Levels in dB (A)

Station
No 2002 2003
3 Lichu Bagan 64 62
4 Capital Complex 55 60
5 Gurkhabasti 58 62
6 G B Hospital 60 62
B) During Night Time
1 Motor Stand 60 67
2 Jackson Gate 61 67
3 RMS Chowmuhani 58 67
4 Battala 58 65
5 Drop Gate 56 62
6 IGM Hospital 57 62
8.6. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

The State of Tripura falls under Indo-Chinese Tropical Moist forest area and is
characterized by semi-ever green rain forests and moist deciduous forests.
However, there are no designated forest areas or sanctuaries6 within Greater
Agartala boundaries.
Box 8-1: Methodology for Evaluation of Biodiversity
The following methodology was adopted for the evaluation of the biodiversity:
• Biodiversity profile of the cities were done on the basis of the secondary sources, including
research documents, reports, forest departments and major initiatives taken by the
Government of India, (1) BCPP (Biodiversity conservation Prioritization Project) (2) state
BSAP under the NBSAP (National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan),
• Identification of the site declared as conservation site.
• Visit to the locations where interventions are expected under the project
• Study and biodiversity evaluation of the sites: covering plant species (trees, herbs and shrubs)
• Type of the ecosystem in the site of intervention
• The evaluation was done by line transect method,
• List of plant species and list of medicinal plants
• Assessment of the strength plant biodiversity in terms of Relative Dominance, relative
frequency, Shannon diversity (H), Whittaker’s measure ( β-diversity) etc. Species richness (α-
diversity)
• Fauna of the class mammals and birds, as these are indicator “taxa” of terrestrial ecosystem.
8.6.1. Biodiversity
The Tripura State Biodiversity Action Plan has identified pockets of rich
biodiversity as conservation hotspots. None of the identified hotspots are located
within the Greater Agartala boundaries. (See Figure 8-6). While a number of
endangered primate species are found within Tripura state, none of them are
reported within Greater Agartala. There are no designated forest areas or
sanctuaries within Greater Agartala boundaries. The closest site identified as a
protected area, is the Shipahijala Wildlife Sanctuary7, which is 28 km from GAPA.
6
The “Shipahijala Wild Life Sanctuary “situated in Bishalgarh Development Block, is located at a distance of 28 km
from the city. The sanctuary covers an area of 18.53 sq km, and possesses rich diversity of wild life particularly birds
(migratory birds during winter seasons) and primates. Interventions within the Project City are not expected to have
any effect on the Sanctuary.
7
The “Shipahijala Wild Life Sanctuary “situated in Bishalgarh Development Block, is located at a distance of 28 km
from the city. The sanctuary covers an area of 18.53 sq km, and possesses rich diversity of wild life particularly birds
(migratory birds during winter seasons) and primates. Interventions within the Project City are not expected to have
any effect on the Sanctuary.

Figure 8-6 presents the priority sites in Tripura. There are no priority sites within
or nearby GAPA. The important floral species found in Agartala and their
significance is highlighted in Table 8-4.
Table 8-4: Importance Floral Species

Plant Species Importance
Aquillaria malacomsis (Agar Tree) The name Agartala originated from this tree. It is of high
economic value.
Aboroma augusta (Ulat kambal) Endangered species
Psidium guineensa A shrub, the only species found in India, is in Agartala
Bambusa affinis Unique bamboo species (for fishing rod, javelin pole)
Source: Forest Department, Govt. of Tripura
Figure 8-6: Biodiversity Priority Sites in Agartala

8.6.2. Phyto Diversity within Agartala
A phyto diversity survey was carried out at the following identified locations in
Agartala.The plants and trees in these areas, as identified during the survey are
presented in Table 8-5. Besides species-richness and density components, the
diversity and evenness components of the plant communities were also
measured. Diversity was measured using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index,
and evenness with the Evenness index, calculated using the following formulae:
Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity, H = -Σ pi log pi
Where, pi = ni/N, ni = number of individuals of the ith species,
N = total number of individuals of all the species
Evenness Index, J = H/Hmax

Where H= Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity
Hmax = Log S, where S = number of species
The indices were employed to get a comprehensive, easily comparable, and

quantitative estimate of the diversity and degree of evenness (i.e., uniformity) of
the plant community. The key characteristics of these locations are presented in
Table 8-5.

Table 8-5: Phyto Diversity at Various Locations within Agartala

Paschim Jaipur Jaipur
College
Bardowali Nagichara Noabadi Haora River Bitarban (Katakhal river (Katakhal river 2- Joynagar
Tilla FCI (Truck Hapania (Solid Matripalli
Characteris- (Water (solid waste (solid (Replacement Kunjaban Pratapgarh (Sewage 1- Replacement of (Iron
(Water Terminus) Waste disposal (IRP)
tics treatment plant) disposal site) waste of Wooden (IRP) (IRP) treatment Replacement wooden bridge) Removal
treatment site)
disposal Bridge plant) of wooden Plant)
plant)
site) bridge
Tree species 6 8 8 7 9 4 7 4 8 4 6 6 4 5
(no)
Shrubs & 34 30 29 27 22 22 34 34 34 23 29 22 21 19
herbs (no)
Relative dominance
Highest 247.099 29.632 41.458 36.033 32.946 62.684 30.991 59.410 34.154 38.239 265.127 35.175 52.802 26.624
(species) Psidium Gmelina Albizzia Toona Gmelina Zizyphus Cassia Gmelina Erythrina indica Dillenia Gmelina Tectona Medda tree Artocarpus
guajava arborea procera ciliata arborea mauritiana fistula arborea indica arborea grandis heterophyllus,
Lowest 26.025 0.65 Olea 1.367 1.733 8.443 1.477 4.410 1.808 12.887 57.168 6.427 7.747 3.309
(species) Carica papaya Oryxylum europea Aqualaria Moringa Syzium spp Psidium Oroxylum Moringa olifera Coccus Aegle Zizyphus Barun tree. Aegle
indicum 3.807 agallocha olifera. guajava. indicum. nucifera marmelos mauritiana. marmelos.
Relative density
Highest 22 32 27 22.22 29 44.44 40 26 38 33 29 36 36
(species) Psidium Gmelina Albizzia Toona Gmelina Psidium 27 Gmelina Gmelina Coccus Gmelina Tectona Medda tree Coccus
guajava, arborea procera ciliata and arborea guajava Tectona arborea arborea nucifera arborea grandis nucifera,
Annona Trewia grandist
squamosa and nudiflora
Zizyphus
mauritiana
Lowest 11 4 9 11.11 4 11.11 9 10 4 13 11 6 9 9
(species) Nyctanthes Melia 6 species 5 species Moringa two species four species Oroxylum Moringa olifera Mangifera 4 species Zizyphus Ficus religiosa. Aegle
arorestris, azedarach, olifera. indicum indica. mauritiana marmelos
Atrocarpus Oryxylum
heterophyllus indicum, and
and carica Artocartus
papaya heterophyllus
Relative frequency
Highest 20 80 20 20 50 30 20 30 50 20 20 40 30 30
(species) Psdium Gmelina Toona Toona Gmelina Psidium 2 species Gmelina two species two species Gmelina Tectona Medda tree Coccus
guajava and arborea ciliata and ciliata arborea guajava arborea arborea grandis nucifera,
Annona Albizzia
squamosa procera
Lowest 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
(species) 4 species five species six species 6 species. 4 species 2 species 5 species 2 species 3 species 2 species 5 species 2 species Ficus religiosa. three species
IVI value
Highest 289.32 141.78 88.73 78.26 112.11 116.02 69.17 109.41 102.67 83.24 251.43 104.59 119.17 80.56
(species) Psidium Gmelina Albizzia Toona Gmelina Zizyphus Cassia Gmelina Erythrina indica. Dillenia Gmelina Tectona Medda tree Coccus
guajava arborea procera ciliata arborea mauritiana fistula arborea indica arborea grandis nucifera,
Lowest 47.14 14.22 22.90 22.48) 15.90 29.55 20.57 34.41 15.51 46.75 78.28 22.31 29.70 22.40
(species) Carica papaya Oryxylum Olea Aqualaria Moringa Syzium Psidium Oroxylum Moringa olifera. Mangifera Aegle Zizyphus Ficus religiosa. Aegle
indicum europea agallocha olifera. spp. guajava. indicum indica . marmelos. mauritiana. marmelos
Stocking value

Paschim Jaipur Jaipur

College
Bardowali Nagichara Noabadi Haora River Bitarban (Katakhal river (Katakhal river 2- Joynagar
Tilla FCI (Truck Hapania (Solid Matripalli
Characteris- (Water (solid waste (solid (Replacement Kunjaban Pratapgarh (Sewage 1- Replacement of (Iron
(Water Terminus) Waste disposal (IRP)
tics treatment plant) disposal site) waste of Wooden (IRP) (IRP) treatment Replacement wooden bridge) Removal
treatment site)
disposal Bridge plant) of wooden Plant)
plant)
site) bridge
Highest 1.454 1.601 0.833 0.472 1.454 0.261 0.282 0.782 1.843 0.339 0.265 1.366 0.875 0.321
(species) Psidium Gmelina Albizzia Toona Gmelina Zizyphus cassia fistula Gmelina Erythrina indica Dillenia Gmelina Tectona Medda tree Moringa
guajava arborea procera) ciliata arborea mauritiana arborea indica arborea grandis olifera
marmelos.
Lowest 0.153 0.035 0.077 0.018 0.077 0.035 0.013 0.058 0.098 0.114 0.077 0.250 0.128 0.032
(species) Carica papaya Oryxylum Olea Aqualaria Moringa Syzium Psidium Oroxylum Moringa olifera. Coccus Aegle Zizyphus Barun tree Aegle
indicum europea agallocha. olifera. spp. guajava indicum. nucifera marmelos mauritiana marmelos.
Trees
Shannon 1.74 1.79 1.97 1.89 2.05 1.21 1.85 1.28 1.92 1.32 1.68 1.68 1.29 1.52
diversity
index (H)
Evenness 0.97 0.83 0.95 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.95 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.94
index (E)
Simpson’s 0.083 0.172 0.073 0.052 0.116 0.250 0.019 0.22 0.134 0.179 0.11 0.154 0.218 0.164
Index
Species 6.28 5.52 7.68 7.33 6.52 4.19 6.72 4 5.58 4.42 6.28 4.87 3.84
richness or
α- diversity
β- diversity -0.333 -0.714 -0.73 -0.222 -0.625 -0.556 -0.364 -0.600 -0.704 -0.500 -0.333 -0.647 -0.636 -0.545
(Whittaker’s
measure)
Shrubs and herbs
Shannon 3.06 2.90 3.04 3.00 2.85 2.49 2.98 2.99 3.02 2.64 2.78 2.85 2.59 2.45
diversity
index (H)
Evenness 0.91 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.86 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.87 0.95 0.90 0.91
index (E)
Simpson’s 0.053 0.065 0.051 0.052 0.060 0.140 0.060 0.058 0.058 0.081 0.072 0.060 0.087 0.094
Index
β- diversity -0.922 -0.929 -0.936 -0.919 -0.934 -0.916 -0.903 -0.935 -0.920 -0.931 -0.919 -0.934 -0.892 -0.936
(Whittaker’s
measure)
Timber Cedrella toona, Toona Toona Gmelina Tectona Cedrella Albizzia Albizzia Tectona Barrintonia
Yeilding Gmelina ciliata, and ciliata arborea, grandis toona and procera,Tectona procera grandis and acutingilla .
trees arborea, Albizzia Albizzia spp Gmelina grandis and and Barrintonia
Tectona procera and arborea Gmelina Gmelina acutingilla .
grandis, Artocarpus arborea . arborea .
Albizzia heterophyllus.
procera.

The key findings of the biodiversity assessment in Agartala are as follows:

• The diversity in terms of flora is not significant, and the indices reveal that all locations fall short
of that a primary forest.
• The trees are mostly timber yielding. While there exist some species in locations away from the
inhabited areas, that are important, they are not unique.
• In none of the project locations, rare/endangered tree/plant species have been identified that
need to be taken up for conservation or special protection in the project.
• However, it is included in the mitigation measures to minimize loss and clearance of vegetation
shall be complied with to ensure loss of vegetation.
8.6.3. Aquatic Fauna
The richness in terms of aquatic diversity in the major surface water courses, i.e.
the Haora and Katakhal, within the Agartala city limits has dwindled8, and is
largely attributed to the direct discharges of domestic wastes into these water
courses. Though not significant in terms of diversity, the following important local
fish varieties are found within the watercourses and ponds of Greater Agartala
(Table 8-6). Of these some of the varieties of Pabda have been declining due to
changing water quality and heavy silt load.
Table 8-6: Fish Species

Sl. No. Fish Species
1 Heteronestis fossilis (Singhi)
2 Clarius batracus (Magur)
3 Pungtius spp
4 Emphringodo mola (Moka mas)
5 Notopterus notopterus
6 Chnna spp
7 Masta ammatus
8 M. cembalus
9 Mastacembalus punclus
10 Khalisa vasiata (ornamental fishes)
11 Rosbora deninconus (Darkina)
12 Ompok Pabda (Pabda group)
13 Mistus spp.
14 Wallaga attu.
Source: Forest Department, Govt. of Tripura
Tripura State pollution control board has done an inventory of the water bodies
(Total of 584 water bodies) in Agartala Municipal Council. As evident from the
Table 8-7, of the total 584 ponds, 383 ponds are under private ownership. Under
a recent guideline issued by the District Magistrate filling up of these ponds have
been made illegal to protect them from encroachment.
Table 8-7: Ponds within Agartala

Total Number of ponds 584
Usable Ponds 465
Unusable Ponds 113
Eutrophicated 6
Private ownership 383
Government Ownership 44
Joint Ownership 32
8
Based on consultations with the Tripura State Pollution Control Board.
Total Number of ponds 584

Total Area of the Ponds 7.9 sq km
Source: Science, Technology & Environment Dept., Govt. of Tripura
8.7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT – CENTRAL ACTS /

RULES
The legal environment framework of India consists of several acts, notifications,
rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. The key relevant legal
framework relevant to the JNNURM has been presented in Table 8-8.
Table 8-8: Environment Sector - Legal Framework

Coordinating
S.No Legal Framework Objectives/Highlights of Framework.
Agency
Environment Legal Framework
1 Constitution of India, Article 48, 51- GoI Article 48A of the Directive Principles of State
A Policy provides for the State's commitment in
protecting the environment and Article 51A(g)
states that protecting and improving the natural
environment shall be the fundamental duty of the
citizens of India
2 Wildlife Protection Act 1972 MoEF Protection of wildlife (wild animals, defined plants
and birds) in either National Parks or sanctuaries
3 Water (Prevention and Control of CPCB, SPCB Prohibits the discharge of pollutants into water
pollution) Act 1974 bodies beyond a given standard, and lays down
penalties for non-compliance
4 Water (Prevention and Control of SPCB Provides for a levy and collection of a cess on
Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 water consumed by industries and local authorities
5 Forest (Conservation) Act MoEF, Restrictions on conversions of Forest for uses
1980,Forest Conservation Rules, Regional, State other than reforestation, including use for roads
1981 Forest
Department
(SFD)
6 Air (Prevention and Control of CPCB, SPCB Provides means for the control and abatement of
Pollution) Act, 1981 air pollution.
6a The Air (Prevention and Control of CPCB, SPCB Defined the procedures for conducting meetings of
Pollution) Rules, 1982 the boards, the powers of the presiding officers,
decision-making etc
7 Environment (Protection) Act GoI/Ministry of Ensure that appropriate measures are taken to
1986(EPA) followed by amendment Environment and conserve and protect the environment before
in May 1994(Schedule-I) Forests (MoEF) commencement of operations.
7a Environmental Impact Assessment Identifies highways among other project categories
Notification 1994 that need environmental clearance from the
Central Government in form of an approved
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
7b Disposal of Flyash Notification (MoEF) Mandates use of flyash in brick within 50 kms
radius area around Thermal Power plants.
8 The Environment (Protection) (MoEF) Lay down the procedures for setting standards of
Rules, 1986 emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.
9 The Hazardous Wastes (MoEF) Providing for making effective procedure for
Management (Management and inventory, control, handling and disposal of
Handling) Rules, 1989 hazardous waste. provide for setting up of disposal
sites/landfill sites design, operation and closure.
10 Rules for Management and (MoEF) Provide for collection, segregation, storage,
Handling of Bio-medical wastes, treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes
1998 according to the standards and procedures
11 National Environment Tribunal Act, National To provide for strict liability for damages arising out
1995 Environment of any accident occurring while handling any
Tribunal hazardous substance
12 Biodiversity Act 2002 National To provide for conservation of biodiversity,
Biodiversity sustainable use of resources fair and equitable
Authority/State sharing of the benefits from use of resources
authorities/
Social legal framework
11 Land Acquisition Act 1894 GoI Provides for the acquisition of land for public

Coordinating
S.No Legal Framework Objectives/Highlights of Framework.
Agency
purposes and for Companies and for determining
the amount of compensation to be made on
account of such acquisition.
12 Provisions of the Panchayat Local Self Govt. Endows Panchayats and Gram Sabhas to
(Extension to Scheduled Areas) prevent alienation of land in scheduled areas.
Act 1996
Other relevant legal Framework
13 Central Motor Vehicles Act 1988/ Ministry of Road To control vehicular air and noise pollution. To
State Motor Vehicle Rules 1989/ Transport and regulate development of the transport sector,
State Motor Vehicles Taxation Act Highways check and control vehicular air and noise pollution.
1974/ /Department of
State Motor Vehicles Taxation Police
Rules 1974
14 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Provides for the preservation of ancient and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Survey of India historical monuments and archaeological sites and
Act 1958 (ASI) remains of national importance
8.7.1. Guidelines for Tree Felling from Non-forest Areas issued in compliance of Supreme
Court order, dated 12th May 2001.
The guideline regulates the plantation and felling of trees from non-forest areas.
Following are the salient features of the act:
• Registration of tree plantation: The guideline directs the registration of tree plantation raised
in non-forest areas by an individual, community or institutions or non-governmental
organization. Registration shall be done with the Divisional Forest Officers (DFO) in the manner
prescribed by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests. The DFO shall issue the registration
certificate to the applicant within 90 days of the receipt of complete application.
• Trees species not requiring felling permission: The tree species such as Aam (Mangifera
indica), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kothal (Artocarpus integrifolia), all species of bamboo,
leteku, paniol and madhuriam will not require any permission for felling if they are felled from
non-forest area.
• Felling of Tree: No tree shall be felled without the written permission from the divisional forest
officer on the Performa prescribed by the principal chief conservator of forest. The Performa
shall contain details of species, number of trees to be felled, girth and copy of the registration
certificate.
• Permission for felling trees: The permission or refusal shall be granted by the DFO not later
than 30 days from the date of receipt of application. In case of felling trees from registered
plantation, permission or refusal shall be given not later than 60 days from the date of receipt of
application.
• Removal of Felled Trees: No fell trees/timber shall be removed from the felling site without
Transit Pass issued by forest department unless and until exempted under the relevant act / rule
/ regulations
8.8. ISSUES PERTAINING TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN AGARTALA

The issues pertaining to urban environment in Agartala are largely to do with the
poor quality of life due to the poor access to basic services than with impacts
associated with environmental impacts on ecologically significant or protected
areas. The following sub-sections highlight the nature of environmental issues
and the strategies to address these issues.
• There is no major air polluting sources such as industries etc within the GKPA. The air pollution
in the city is localized and limited to roads and major junctions in the city.
• The major cause for pollution of land and water in Agartala is the lack of an underground
sewerage system, and an efficient solid waste collection and management system. In the
absence of these, the natural streams and drains are the recipients of wastes leading to
degraded quality of life in most of the localities within GAPA.
• Water logging and improper drainage has been identified as one of the urban environmental
issues during stakeholder consultations. Chocking of roadside drains due to garbage disposal,
inadequate design etc are the causes of improper drainage in the city.

8.9. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Based on the identified issues strategies have been formulated to improve urban
environ quality of the city. Table 8-9 identifies the strategies to be taken and the
likely projects as part of these strategies to improve environmental health of the
city.
Table 8-9: Strategies and Projects to Improve Environmental Health of the City
Strategies for
S.
Sector Issues environment Projects
No
improvement
1 Air Degraded air quality Improve road junctions, Infrastructure development in the
Congestion within the city geometric designs. northern portion of the GAPA to
decongest the existing areas
Poor traffic management Provide parking spaces Tree plantation along roads and
within the city intersection
Increased SPM levels Alternative road alignments to
decongest roads
Widening/up gradation of roads
2 Water Degraded water quality Promotion of rain water Afforestation programs along
harvesting nallahs
Restoration of catchment
areas of natural water
bodies and nallahs
Upgrading /improving Incorporation of rain water
Contamination of piped infrastructure harvesting in building bylaws
water with sewerage Replacement of water pipelines
UFW Measures to check UFW Consumer and bulk water metering
losses to be installed
3 Sewerage No sewer network Upgrading /repairing Provision of sewerage
and Lack of sanitation sewerage infrastructure infrastructure of city
sanitation facilities of the city Development of sanitation facilities
especially in the poor income areas
4 Drainage Water logging and Rehabilitation /repair of Drainage improvement works
flooding on roads drainage systems to be
undertaken
5 SWM Indiscriminate dumping of Upgrade SWM Sanitary landfill sites for city
garbage infrastructure and
Land Pollution by facilities Purchase of waste collection trucks
leachate and dustbins
Spread of vector, Public awareness and education
diseases campaigns
Build transfer stations
Compost plant
6 Green cover Loss of green cover and Undertake plantation Plan for green belts and spaces in
and Open open spaces programs to Increase master plan
spaces Absence of recreation green cover of city. Development of parks and open
spaces spaces
Urban forestry and plantation
schemes for city
Remove encroachments from open
spaces in inner city
7 Urban Increase in slum Improve housing and Slum infrastructure upgradation
Poverty infrastructure conditions programs
Environmental Community toilets in slum areas
degradation due to poor Low cost housing
living conditions

9. UUrrbbaann FFiinnaannccee
9.1. INTRODUCTION
It is a generally observed that the North-East states government finances are in a
precarious position with rising fiscal and revenue deficits, a consequence of rapid
growth of state level expenditures. An important characteristic of the state
governments in this region has been low generation of own revenue sources and
high dependence on the central government. This is basically due to high
dependence on the Centre for development. Yet, for a long time the huge
transfers made from the Centre (roughly 80 to 95 percent of the revenues) were
spent on current needs (current expenditure component is over two-thirds of the
total expenditure) that hardly provided any impetus to the growth of GSDP. It is
only in recent years, the need for infrastructure development is felt and larger
allocations are made to finance the capital needs, the results are yet to show up in
terms of higher GSDP.
9.2. STATE FINANCE POSITION

The state of Tripura has many infrastructural bottlenecks and high poverty level.
This has impacted adversely on the ability of the state in raising own resources.
The fiscal deficit of the state has been abnormal. Although it has come down from
13.8 percent to 10.4 percent, the high fiscal deficit is due to large capital
expenditures (Table 9-1)
Table 9-1: Trends in the Fiscal Aggregates of Tripura – 2000-01 ( of GSDP)

Annual
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Growth (%)
Total Revenue 28.4 28.4 24.2 25.1 23.2 10.8
Total Expenditure 42.2 41.6 35.8 37.0 33.6 10.4
Current expenditure 35.2 31.5 29.1 27.9 24.1 7.1
Capital expenditure 7.0 10.2 6.7 9.1 9.5 22.7
Fiscal deficit -13.8 -13.3 -11.6 -12.0 -10.4
Revenue deficit -6.7 -3.1 -4.9 -2.9 -0.9
Source: Finance Accounts of the North East states (audited by the office of the Comptroller and Accountant
General).
9.2.1. Expenditure Trends
It can be observed from Table 9-2 capital expenditure has been rising at 22
percent per annum, while current expenditure has been growing at only 7 percent.
While Table 9-3 shows the structure and growth of Agartala Government
expenditure in percentage.
Table 9-2: Trends in the Structure and Growth of Aggregate Government Expenditure of
Agartala– 2000-01 (Rs million)
Annual
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Growth (%)
Total Expenditure 20,807 23,997 24,119 29,153 30,898 10.4
Current expenditure 17,340 18,129 19,607 22,008 22,157 7.1
General Services 6,170 6,874 8,025 8,994 9,573 12.2

Annual
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Growth (%)
Interest Payments 2,260 2,532 2,907 3,236 3,357 10.9
Social and Community Services 6,930 7,028 7,407 8,377 8,408 5.8
Water Supply & Sanitation 154 112 137 125 130 -2.3
Urban Development 86 94 19 85 78 -2.9
Economic Services 4,045 3,971 3,754 4,260 3,836 -0.4
Grants in aid to Local bodies 196 256 421 378 340 16.1
Capital expenditure 3,467 5,868 4,512 7,146 8,741 22.7
General Services 82 686 433 848 3,483 115.9
Social Services 1,206 1,887 1,672 2,755 1,738 11.7
Water Supply and Sanitation 580 522 470 1,402 615 11.7
Urban Development 12 64 51 0 0
Economic Services 2,179 3,295 2,407 3,543 3,519 10.9
Table 9-3: Trends in the Structure and Growth of Aggregate Government Expenditure of
Agartala – 2000-01 (share in Total)
2004-05
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Total Expenditure 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Current expenditure 83.3 75.5 81.3 75.5 71.7
General Services 29.7 28.6 33.3 30.8 31.0
Interest Payments 10.9 10.6 12.1 11.1 10.9
Social Services 33.3 29.3 30.7 28.7 27.2
Water Supply & Sanitation 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4
Urban Development 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3
Economic Services 19.4 16.5 15.6 14.6 12.4
Grants in aid to Local bodies 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.1
Capital expenditure 16.7 24.5 18.7 24.5 28.3
General Services 0.4 2.9 1.8 2.9 11.3
Social Services 5.8 7.9 6.9 9.4 5.6
Water Supply & Sanitation 2.8 2.2 1.9 4.8 2.0
Urban Development 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0
Economic Services 10.5 13.7 10.0 12.2 11.4
9.2.2. Revenue Trends
The own revenues have been growing at impressive pace. As a result the share of
central transfers went down from over 88.6 percent to 87.4 percent. Table 9-4
shows the trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts of Tripura,
Table 9-5 shows the trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts,
Table 9-6 show the revenue from Major taxes in Tripura and Table 9-7 shows the
revenue from Major Non-tax sources Tripura.
Table 9-4: Trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts

of Tripura – 2000-01 (INR million)
Annual Growth
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
(%)
Current Revenue 19,290 22,299 23,021 27,315 29,910
Tax receipts 6,528 7,536 8,548 9,832 11,508
States's own taxes 1,256 1,585 1,831 2,250 2,950 22.8%
Share in Central taxes 5,273 5,951 6,717 7,582 8,558 12.8%
Non-tax receipts 12,762 14,763 14,473 17,483 18,402
Own non-tax revenues 945 976 987 1,200 1,600 13.4%
Grants from Centre 11,817 13,786 13,485 16,283 16,802 3.1%

Annual Growth
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
(%)
Own revenues 2,201 2,561 2,818 3,450 4,550 19.1%
Transfers 17,089 19,738 20,203 23,865 25,360 10.2%
Table 9-5: Trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts

of Tripura – 2000-01 (Share in Total)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Current Revenue 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Tax receipts 33.8 33.8 37.1 36.0 38.5
States's own taxes 6.5 7.1 8.0 8.2 9.9
Share in Central taxes 27.3 26.7 29.2 27.8 28.6
Non-tax receipts 66.2 66.2 62.9 64.0 61.5
Own non-tax revenues 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 5.3
Grants from Centre 61.3 61.8 58.6 59.6 56.2
Own revenues 11.4 11.5 12.2 12.6 15.2
Transfers 88.6 88.5 87.8 87.4 84.8
Table 9-6: Revenue from Major Taxes in Tripura (Rs million)

Average 2000-01 Average share Annual
to 2004-05 in total Growth
(Rs million) (%) (%)
Taxes on Agricultural Income 1
Other Taxes on Income and Expenditure 154 7.8 20.86
Land Revenue 15 0.8 0.87
Stamps & Registration Fees 101 5.1 23.05
State Excise 283 14.3 19.23
Tax on Sales 1,322 66.9 23.79
Taxes on Vehicles 68 3.4 26.04
Taxes & Duties on Electricity 0.5
Other Taxes 31 1.6 43.25
Own Tax Revenue 1,974 100.0 22.86
Table 9-7: Revenue from Major Non-tax sources Tripura (Rs million)
Average Average Annual
2000-01 to 2004-05 share in total Growth
(Rs million) (%) (%)
Interest Receipts 52 4.4 -18.27
Dividends and Profits 0 0.0
State Lotteries 0 0.0
Education, Sports, Art and Culture 16 1.4 -23.43
Medical & Public Health of which 22 1.8 33.23
Water Supply & Sanitation of which 17 1.5
Water Supply 17 1.4
Sewerage & Sanitation 0 0.0
Housing 10 0.8 16.49
Urban Development 1 0.1
Forestry and Wild Life 78 6.5 19.98
Power 727 61.1 31.72
Petroleum 0 0.0
Royalty, etc. 0 0.0
Road Transport 0 0.0
Tourism 3 0.3 27.93
Non-Tax Revenues 1,191 100.0 13.42

9.3. DEVOLUTION OF RESOURCES TO URBAN LOCAL BODIES

The Schedule II of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 lists out 18 functions of the
municipality1 that completely replicates the twelfth schedule of the Constitution of
India. Of which, the state government of Tripura has delegated 15 functions listed
under.
• Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management;
• Roads and bridges;
• Provision of urban amenities and facility such as park gardens, playground;
• Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums;
• Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveyance;
• Promotion of cultural education and aesthetic aspects;
• Planning for social and economic development;
• Urban forestry, protection of environmental aspects and promotion of ecological aspects;
• Safeguard the interests of weaker section of society, including handicapped and mentally
retarded;
• Slum improvement and up gradation;
• Urban poverty alleviation;
• Cattle ponds, preservation of cruelty to animal;
• Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries;
• Water supply (only revenue collection); and
• Construction of buildings.
Furthermore, the state government of Tripura has devolved financial powers and
taxation powers to the municipality. For instance, it is amended that a municipality
may earn revenue through its power to levy taxes, tolls, duties and fees. Amongst
the various revenue earning measures are property taxes, water tax, tax on
advertisement2 (not including newspaper advertisement), tax on carts and
carriages3, tolls on ferries and bridges4, fees on license and permit5, fees on
construction and reconstruction on buildings6, vehicle parking fees7 etc.8 Another
notable provision incorporated in the said Act w.r.t to devolution of function is the
power to impose new tax in their jurisdictional area9.
1
This Schedule flows out of section 84 of the Act – Functions of the Municipality – it shall be the duty of the
Municipality to perform the functions, including matters listed in schedule II and those assigned by the State
Government.
2
Section 197 – Tax on advertisement other than advertisement in the newspapers.
3
Section 198.
4
Section 199 and 200.
5
Section 201.
6
Section 202.
7
Section 205.
8
Section 192 – Power to levy tax etc. All the above Sections read with this Section.
9
For instance, section 200 of the Act provides for power to establish a Toll Bar as there may be an occasion
where there would be private player for the levy of any toll, ‘in any bridge or at any place adjacent to any
bridge’ and that the tolls may be levied from vehicles, carriages and carts and animals passing over such
bridges for the purpose of recovering the expenses incurred in constructing or maintaining, repairing such
bridge for a period not exceeding 5 years since the date of construction or repairs. Further, sub clause (2)
states that the Municipality may grant a lease of toll-bar for such period and in such manner as may be
determined in the regulation on the payment of a lump sum annual toll collected by the lessee.

9.4. OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES

In pursuance of the 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India pertaining to
ULBs, the Government of Tripura enacted the Tripura Municipal Act 1994. The Act
is comprehensive and covers ULBs at three levels, Corporation, Municipality and
Nagar Panchayat. All the ULBs have a council type of Governance, viz, Mayor-in-
Council for the Corporation and Chairperson-in-Council and Chairperson-in-Nagar
Panchayat in respect of the other two types of ULBs. However, the tribal areas
coming under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution are not covered by the Act.
All Legislative and Executive powers rest in the Councils and in the
Mayor/Chairpersons respectively. Agartala is one such city where there is an
elected Municipal Council which is empowered. Municipal Administration in
Tripura appears to be in line with that of the rest of the country. Elections to the
Agartala Municipality were held twice since 1994. The State Finance
Commission’s recommendations have been accepted in full and implemented.
Agartala has an elected Municipal Council with the following 14 functions:
• Provision of Water Supply
• Provision of Drainage And Sewerage
• Street Lighting
• Burials And Burial Grounds; Cremation Grounds And Electric Crematoria
• Regulation of Slaughterhouses And Tanneries
• Collection, Removal Disposal of Solid Waste
• Prohibition To Throw Non-Biodegradable Garbage In Public Drains And Sewage
• Public Convenience
• Water Analysis
• Removal of Hazardous Waste From The Premises
• Power To Seize Food or Drugs Unfit For Human Consumption
• Disposal of Infectious Corpus
• Preparation of Budgets And Balance Sheets
• Public Safety And Nuisances
However, as in the case of the other North-Eastern States, besides the Agartala
Municipal Council (AMC), other agencies engaged in provision of urban
infrastructure services in Agartala are the Public Health and Education
Department (PHED) for water supply provision, the Public Works Department
(PWD) for roads, and the Urban Development (UD) for slum improvement.
The Act also makes it mandatory to set up a Municipal Accounts Committee and
stipulates the AMC to prepare annual budget to be adopted within two weeks of its
presentation in March. Further, an annual financial statement for the preceding
year has to be prepared within three months of the close of the year. At present,
the AMC follows a cash based accounting system but it is expected to shift to
accrual based system soon. Besides, the AMC is required to have an annual
balance sheet of assets and liabilities prepared within six months of the close of
the year. The annual accounts are audited by an Auditor appointed on behalf of
the state government.
9.5. STRUCTURE OF MUNICPAL FINANCES
9.5.1. Revenues
The revenues of AMC comprise own revenues and grants from the Central and
State governments. The revenues collected during the last four years are as in
(Table 9-8). Total receipts have increased from Rs 56.5 million in 2001-02 to Rs
199.7 million in 2004-05 at the rate of about nearly 26 percent per annum. In
general, grants and transfers from the state government10 constitute over 75
percent of the receipts of the Agartala Municipal Council. The contribution of the
grants towards the total receipts received by the AMC over the years have been
very high indicating less revenues generation from the own sources.
In recent years, however, the share of own revenue resources has increased by
37 percent indicating a positive resource mobilization. As a result of this the share
of own sources in total income is increasing from a mere 19.2 percent to 41
percent which is a very good sign. In other words AMC has started generating
more revenues on its own rather than totally being dependent on the external
aids. It indicates that the resources are being mobilized well for the optimum
utilization.
Among the own sources, non-tax revenues have been growing faster at 27.2
percent as compared to the tax revenue which is growing at 22.6 percent and the
mix of tax and non-tax component has been varying in favor of the latter.
Table 9-8: Trends in the Revenue Receipts of Agartala Municipal Corporation

: 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)
1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Opening Balance 95.1 63.9 29.6 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3
Total receipts 56.5 63.2 82.5 131.9 103.7 104.6 199.7
Revenue Receipts 50.4 56.0 72.7 90.2 25.2 36.8 49.0
A Own Sources- Taxes 6.2 6.5 8.5 9.2 9.3 16.3 18.1
B Own Sources- Non Taxes 9.7 8.9 8.5 12.1 9.3 16.7 29.5
C Grants under Non-Plan (State) 34.5 40.6 55.7 59.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Capital Receipts 6.1 7.2 9.8 41.6 78.6 67.8 150.7
Plan Grants 6.1 7.2 9.8 32.2 72.0 64.0 149.3
Advances and Deposits 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 6.5 3.8 1.5
As regards the own tax revenues, the Tripura Municipal Act empowers the AMC to
levy various taxes: taxes on land and buildings, Octroi, tax on vehicles, Toll tax,
tax on boats/ferries, tax on building applications, tax on advertisement and Water
tax. Similarly, the AMC can levy several types of fees: latrine fee, fee on service,
fee on license, parking fee, etc. However, at present, none of the taxes are
mandatory and the municipal council levies only 5 taxes and fees: property tax on
lands and buildings, tax on vehicles, license fee, parking fee and water tax.
Resource mobilization is therefore, poor in the city.
Table 9-9: Taxes and Non-Taxes Levied

Property tax (Lands and Buildings) Tax on Boats/Ferries D
Octroi D Tax on Electricity -
Stamp Duty - Pilgrimage Fee -
Tax on Professions - Drainage Fee -
Tax on Vehicle Lighting Fee -
Tax on Animals - Scavenging Fee -
Tax on Dogs - Latrine Fee D
Show Tax - Fee on Service D
10
In general revenue grants from the State Government are given for the purposes of meeting establishment
expenses, special allowances and bridging revenue deficit. The revenue grant component in the case of Agartala is
much higher as compared to the other project cities in the region.
Toll Tax D Tax on Servants -

Tax on Private Markets Tax on Building
- D
Applications
Fee on Fire Brigade - Tax on Advertisement D
Fee on Health Services - Fee on Licence
Betterment Tax - Parking Fee
Water Tax
Note: D= Discretionary, M= Mandatory
Taxes levied by the Local Body
Apart from the state transfers and grants in aid, the major sources of revenue for
the Council have been the property tax, rental income from stalls, vendors and
building plan approval fees11 etc. The trends in the major components of own
revenues are as shown in Table 9-10 and Table 10-11. At present, property tax
has been the most important source of own revenue.
Table 9-10: Trends in the Major Components of Own Tax Revenues of

AMC 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Total Own Revenue Receipts 15.5 14.9 16.5 21.3 18.6 33.0 47.5
Revenue Income (Income from Fees): 10.3 10.9 14.0 17.2 14.4 29.1 42.4
1 Property tax 5.7 5.9 7.9 9.1 9.2 16.2 17.8
2 Touji (Rent) collection 3.1 3.5 4.6 5.0 2.0 7.2 13.4
3 Trade license 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.4
4 Food license 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
5 Rickshaw license 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
6 Bicycle license 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Vendor license / Hand cart 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.4
8 Birth/death registration fees 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
9 Building construction approval fee 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 6.0
10 Drinking Water Connection fees. 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
11 a) Hoarding charge 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
b) Holding mutation fee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9
12 Drinking water tax 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.5.2. Property tax
As regards the property tax, as on March 31, 2001 the position with respect to the
assessments and tax demand in Agartala is given in Table 9-11. Though property
tax is the major component of tax collection in the AMC, the annual growth rate of
the revenue is rather low averaging at about 1.8 percent with a buoyancy of 0.78.
Since 1998-99 the revenue from property tax went up from Rs 5.7 million only to
Rs 17.8 million. If these trends continue, efforts to improve tax collection are
therefore, a must. The revenue collection is not commensurate with the growth of
urbanization.
At present, the property tax in Agartala comprises the holding tax, water tax,
conservancy and street lighting tax. It is calculated as 7 percent of the total Annual
Rental Value: 3 percent Holding Tax, 3 percent Conservancy Tax, and 1 percent
Street Lighting tax. Recently the land value is also being included for the
calculation of ARV for the new properties. Although the number of assessments
has nearly doubled since 2000-01 the revenue collection suffered due to large
11
The building plan approval fee is levied on all new constructions, additional constructions within the limits of the
Council. The fee structure is based on proposed built-up area and is fixed by the ULB.
arrears which average to about 40 percent. The tax per assessment works out to
be nearly Rs. 500. Thus there is scope for improvement.
Table 9-11: Agartala - Number of Assessments and Tax Demand,

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
No of assessments 24,597 28,888 33,804 39,556 46,287
Tax demand per assessment (Rs) 400 500 500 500 500
Total Demand (Rs million) 9.84 14.44 16.90 19.78 23.14
Current collections (% of demand) 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.39
Arears (% of current demand) 0.47 0.29 0.19 0.45 0.38
Collections (% of current demand) 0.81 0.63 0.55 0.82 0.77
Total Collections (Rs million) 7.9 9.1 9.2 16.2 17.8
Source: Analysed from Municipal Records.
Further increase in the property tax can be expected as with the increase in the
area of Agartala. However, there is need to revise the rate structure.
9.5.3. Other Revenue Resources
Among the other sources, rental income from various stalls and vendors, building
plan approval fees and income from water supply through various charges, are
important. Water tax income accounts to about 19 percent. Fees collection forms
about 26 percent and within the fees the maximum revenues are being generated
by the approval fees for building construction. Trade license and vendor license
are also generating good amount of revenues. Holding Mutation Fees has been
recently introduced and it is performing well by fetching good revenues for AMC.
Table 9-12: Trends in the Major Components of Own Non-Tax Revenues of

AMC 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)
1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Own Sources- Non Taxes 9.73 8.87 8.50 12.12 9.34 16.73 29.49
1 Income from Real
0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.28
Estates
2 Rent from
3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 7.16 13.36
Stall/Vendors etc
3 Registration and
1.00 0.94 0.81 1.02 0.96 2.17 3.39
License Fee
4 Building Plan
0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 2.94 6.04
Approval
5 Income from Water
0.41 0.07 0.06 2.12 2.09 2.12 2.23
Supply
6 Income Sanitation
0.26 0.35 0.21 0.25 0.39 0.48 0.67
Operation
7 Other Fees and Fines - - - 0.26 0.16 0.18 1.64
8 Interest income 3.38 2.12 0.57 0.15 0.72 0.09 0.12
9 Others 1.27 1.40 1.52 1.63 1.43 1.57 1.78
Touji (Rent): This tax is collected by AMC from the users of the land being owned
by AMC. This revenue head has been a significant contributor with an annual
growth of about 20 percent yet, there exists considerable potential for additional
revenue. The rent charges are Rs.30, Rs.250, and Rs. 200 per month from
domestic, old area and new users, respectively.

Trade License: The revenue generated from granting of trade licenses also
shows a rising trend at 27 percent. Yet, there exists substantial arrears as out of
the 15000 license holders only 2845 appear to have paid the license fees.
9.5.4. Scope for additional revenue
As stated above, the Tripura Municipal Act empowers the AMC to levy various
other taxes such as Octroi, tax on vehicles, Toll tax, tax on boats/ferries, and
several types of fees such as latrine fee, service fee, license fee, parking fee, etc.
So far these sources are not exploited.
Holding change Fee: AMC has recently started collecting this fee. This is an
extra fee which a land buyer is obliged to pay to AMC after the purchase of land
and they are allotted with a month’s time to deposit it with a fine of Rs 100 per
month for late payment. This collection is well structured have a stringent law by
encompassing fine to the defaulters. Generally people invest in property as it is
the only appreciable tangible asset one can possess and thus AMC’s revenue will
increase.
Parking Fee: AMC has introduced parking fees since April 2005 onwards. This is
a good source for revenue generation looking at the large number of vehicles in
the city, it can be speculated that this fee will generate huge amount of revenues
to the council and Tripura municipal act also emphasis on parking fees.
Toll Tax: AMC is not collecting any toll tax but being located on international
boundary there are great opportunities of toll tax collection through an efficiently
managed system which will generate large revenues to AMC.
9.5.5. Expenditures
Revenue Expenditure
Establishment, Operation and Maintenance and Debt servicing are the three
important components of revenue expenditure. A significant increase is seen in
the expenditure on establishment, which is the major constituent accounting for
nearly 85 percent of the revenue expenditure. Debt servicing accounts for the
lowest share with 1 to 4 percent and has been on the decline (Table 9-13).
Another interesting aspect of the revenue expenditure is the increasing share of
O&M expenditure in the past few years. The share has gone up from around 4
percent up to 2000-01 to 11.3 percent in 2004-05.
Table 9-13: Revenue Expenditure of AMC by Items, 1998-99 to 2004-05

(Rs million)
1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Revenue Expenditure 43.8 51.0 55.3 74.1 77.2 78.4 79.3
Establishment 37.3 44.3 50.0 63.8 63.8 64.5 66.9
Operation &
Maintenance 4.7 4.0 3.9 8.9 9.9 12.7 11.3
Debt repayments 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.5 2.9 0.0 0.0
Advances and Deposits 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.1

9.6. KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS

Table 9-14 shows that the revenue accounts balance is deteriorating while the
capital account balance shows a rapid increase. Partly, this is due to the shifting
of a major part of the non-plan grants to capital account. The operating ratio has
exceeded unity from 2002-03 onwards indicating the unhealthy trend of living
beyond means. An important cause of this trend is the increasing ratio of
establishment cost to revenue receipts. All these points out towards the need to
increase own revenue receipts and exercise control over the current expenditure.
Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) is sustaining mainly on the basis of the funds in
the form of grants through the state and central government. There are many
potential areas from where the revenues can easily be generated through internal
sources itself. AMC should increase the collection efficiency as well because for
many years the amount for the accounts receivables is very high. In addition to
this AMC should follow the accrual system for accounting for increasing the
accountability and transparency in the financial statement. Above all the thrust
should be on the efficient financial management.
Table 9-14: Selected Fiscal Health Indicators 1998-99 to 2004-05

1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Revenue account
6.68 4.98 17.35 16.14 -52.01 -41.55 -30.30
balance (Rs million)
Capital account
-37.90 -36.07 -34.64 14.26 50.85 36.32 98.25
balance (Rs million)
Operating ratio
(revenue
0.87 0.91 0.76 0.82 3.07 2.13 1.62
expenditure/ revenue
income)
Debt repayment/
0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00
revenue receipts
Establishment cost/
0.74 0.79 0.69 0.71 2.54 1.75 1.37
revenue receipts
9.7. STATUS OF MUNICIPAL FUND

Table 9-15 gives the summary of income and expenditure of Agartala in the past
four years. The operating ratios12 in the municipality have seen improvement in
FY 2000-2003.
The financial summary of AMC shows that the average closing balance for over
the last financial years has been improving. The revenue receipts have increased
during this period indicating rise in financial status of AMC. The receipts have
increased from INR 56.5 million in 1998-99 to INR 131.9 million in 2001-02 with a
decrease in 2002-03 and gradual increase over the years. The expenditure has
increased from INR 87.7 million in 1998-99 to INR 131.8 million in 2004-05
resulting in surplus in the closing balance.
12
Operating Ratio (OR), being the ratio of revenue expenditure to revenue income, indicates the surplus or deficit of
the revenue account status. Operating ratio below 1 indicates that Agartala is in surplus and it has capacity to fund
capital expenditure from its own funds.
Table 9-15: Receipts/Expenditure Summary 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

2002-
1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05
03
Opening Balance 95.1 63.9 29.6 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3
Total receipts 56.5 63.2 82.5 131.9 103.7 104.6 199.7
Revenue Receipts 50.4 56.0 72.7 90.2 25.2 36.8 49.0
Capital Receipts 6.1 7.2 9.8 41.6 78.6 67.8 150.7
Total Expendidture 87.7 94.3 99.8 101.5 104.9 109.8 131.8
Revenue Expenditure 43.8 51.0 55.3 74.1 77.2 78.4 79.3
Capital Expenditures 44.0 43.2 44.5 27.4 27.7 31.4 52.5
Closing Balance 63.9 32.8 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3 104.2
9.7.1. Projection of Receipts/Expenditure of AMC
The projections are made assuming that the past trends will continue. The
average annual compound growth rates were derived using the budgetary and
financial data provided by the AMC. These growth rates were moderated
wherever necessary and used for the projections. On the revenue side, items
such as rents, trade licenses, and fee are linked to the growth of urban population.
The tax base is assumed to grow with the population, since growing population is
the driving force for increase in the housing activity.
Using the data provided on the number of assessments and assuming the
coverage of assessed households will improve the tax demand and the collection
and arrears position will follow the same trends, the revenue from property tax is
projected. Similarly, the expenditure side items are also projected linking with
population growth, State domestic product, urbanization and other factors. The
summary of status quo projections are as in Table 9-16.
Table 9-16: Projections of Receipts/Expenditure of AMC (Rs million)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21
Opening Balance 120.2 210.0 314.9 436.5 576.3 735.9 1,894.2 3,774.9
Total receipts 224.7 243.3 263.9 286.6 311.8 339.6 530.6 851.6
Revenue Receipts 60.7 64.9 69.6 75.1 81.3 88.4 143.3 253.0
A Own Sources- Taxes 21.1 21.6 22.1 22.5 23.1 23.6 27.8 35.1
B Own Sources- Non Taxes 38.4 42.3 46.8 51.9 57.7 64.3 115.3 217.8
Municipal Real 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
1 Estates
2 Rents etc 15.1 17.1 19.4 22.0 24.9 28.2 52.6 98.1
Registrartion and 3.9 4.4 5.1 5.8 6.7 7.7 15.7 32.6
3 Licence Fee
4 Building Plan Approval 7.0 8.0 9.3 10.7 12.4 14.3 29.3 60.1
Income from Water 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.9
5 Supply
Income Sanitation 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.7 7.7
6 Operation
7 Other Fees and Fines 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8
Interest income on 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
8 fixed deposits
User charges for solid 5.6 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.9 7.6
9 waste
10 Others 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.1 6.2
Grants under Non-Plan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
C (State)
Capital Receipts 163.9 178.4 194.2 211.5 230.5 251.2 387.2 598.6
Total Expendidture 134.8 138.3 142.3 146.9 152.2 158.4 214.9 396.9
Revenue Expenditure 80.8 82.6 84.8 87.4 90.6 94.6 136.5 296.6

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21

A Establishment 68.0 69.2 70.7 72.5 74.6 77.1 100.4 163.9
B Operation & Maintenanace 11.8 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.9 16.3 34.9 131.4
Rent for 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
1 Buildings/Offices
Vehicle maintenance 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5
2 and fuel
Purchase of 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.9 4.2
3 Consumables
Maint. of 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9
4 Roads,Drains etc
Stationery, Books 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.9
5 Journals etc.
6 O & M due to Project 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Power Charges- 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.0 18.1 108.2
7 Lighting
8 Telephone Charges 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
9 Legal Expenses 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.9 4.1
Furniture, equipment 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.7 3.2
10 and repairs
11 Others 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.9
C Debt repayments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
D Advances and Deposits 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Capital Expenditures 54.0 55.7 57.5 59.5 61.6 63.9 78.4 100.4
2217-UD 23.1 23.8 24.5 25.3 26.0 26.8 31.0 35.9
2217- 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7
UD/SLUM/EIUS/NSDP
4215-CO Drainage 9.4 10.4 11.6 12.8 14.1 15.6 25.9 42.8
4215 Housing1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
4215 Housing2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4
2217-IDSMT 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Others 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6
Closing Balance 210.0 314.9 436.5 576.3 735.9 917.1 2,209.9 4,229.5
Fiscal health indicators
Revenue account balance -20.05 -17.71 -15.12 -12.31 -9.29 -6.13 6.87 -43.56
Capital account balance 109.88 122.66 136.68 152.06 168.89 187.33 308.83 498.19
Operating ratio 1.33 1.27 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.07 0.95 1.17
Debt repayment/ revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
receipts
Establishment cost/ revenue 1.12 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.92 0.87 0.70 0.65
receipts

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10.1. INTRODUCTION
The city, as has been presented in the previous chapters, may be broadly
divided into the erstwhile AMC area, the newly added extended area of AMC
periphery area and the rest of Greater Agartala Planning Area. The functioning
of AMC is governed by the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994”, replacing the
applicability of the Bengal Municipal Act, 1932 and performs the obligatory and
discretionary functions as incorporated in the said Act. At present the
infrastructure development is being planned and executed under the overall
supervision, guidance and control of GAPA. The proposal is to evolve an
integrated system development and management.
The Agartala Municipality was instituted in 1871 AD during the reign of Maharaja
Chandra Manikya (1862-96 AD). The 1st British Political Agent, Mr. A.W.B.
Power appointed for hill Tipprah in 1871 AD, was offered the honour of being the
Chairman of the Agartala Municipality.
This chapter outlines the present structure of the elected and administrative
wings of the municipal corporation and brings out the issues related to
management functions, operations and reforms.
10.2. STRUCTURE OF URBAN GOVERNANCE

The current set up in Tripura is that the Commissioner cum Secretary (UDD) to
the Government looks after the municipal administration. His current portfolio
includes ULBs, UDD, PWD and Planning and Coordination and Statistics
departments. As far as ULBs are concerned, the commissioner administers them
directly. There are 13 ULBs -one council and 12 nagar panchayats in Tripura.
At present, the director, UDD is the nodal officer for all urban development
programmes and projects in the state. He also looks after town planning.
However, the UDD has no direct responsibilities for implementation.
10.3. INSTITUTIONS IN URBAN MANAGEMENT
The urban governance is divided into state level institutional set up, policy
framework and legal framework. Each of these sections is described in the
following sections;
(a) State Level Institutional Set Up

The existing institutional arrangements for provision of services in Agartala is
shown in Figure 10-1 and described in Table 10-1.

CHIEF MINISTER - TRIPURA
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
CHIEF SECRETARY
SECRETARIES
PUBLIC HEALTH URBAN PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS TRIPURA AGARTALA

ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ELECTRICITY MUNICIPAL BORDER ROADS
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT (PWD) (Water Resource) CORPORATION COUNCIL (AMC) ORGANISATION
(PHED) (UDD)
• Major Roads • Major Storm • Solid Waste • National
• Water Supply • Administrative Water Drains • Street Lights Management Highways
Department for • Minor Roads
Urban Local • Storm Water
Bodies Drains
• Town Planning • Slum
• Development Upgradation
Control
Figure 10-1: State Level Institutional Set-up for Urban Service Delivery in Tripura
Table 10-1: Tripura State - Institutions responsible for urban service delivery
Sl. No. Service/Function Department
1a Water supply – bulk Public health engineering department (PHED)

1b Water supply- distribution Public health engineering department, Urban local bodies
2 Storm water drainage system Urban local bodies
3 Sewerage Urban local bodies
4 Sanitation (Liquid waste) Urban local bodies (supply of cess pool cleaner)
5 Solid waste management Urban local bodies, Non-governmental organisations
6 Roads Public works department, Urban local bodies
7 Street lights Tripura electricity corporation
8 Public transport N.A
9 Traffic management Police department
10 Fire services Fire services department
11 Parks, open spaces Urban local bodies
development & management
12 Community / Public toilets Urban local bodies
13 Slum upgradation Urban local bodies
14 Primary education Education department
15 Primary health Health department
16 Town planning Urban development department
17 Building permission Urban development department, Urban local bodies
18 Land registration Revenue department
Source: Compiled from discussion with State Government Officials.
(b) Policy Framework

The Government of Tripura (GoT) has a clear policy of promoting local self-
government and entrusting civic functions to the ULBs. The government lost no
time in enacting new municipal legislation in 1994 (the Tripura Municipal Act,
1994) to comply with the provisions of the Constitution Amendment Act, 1992
and the provisions of Part IX A of the Constitution of India. Consequently, all the
mandatory provisions relating to constitution of ULBs, powers and functions,
elections, reservation of seats, formation of ward committees, setting up of the
State Finance Commission (SFC) have been implemented.
Further in November 2001, the state government has initiated a new programme
of decentralized planning and governance known as resource based
participatory planning. The programme covers for both urban and rural local

bodies in the state. The programme at the urban level is known as nagaroday.
The main objective of this programme is to ensure direct participation of the
people in the process of planning and implementation with a view to provide
better civic amenities and facilities to the people. The scheme covers below the
ward level in urban areas, dividing the ward into sub sectors. The main
activities are to (a) collect basic information (b) hold open meetings of all adults
in the sub sectors and (c) prepare development plans.
(c) Legal Framework

The state level urban development legislation lays procedures for urban
development and governance. In Tripura state, Tripura Municipal Act, 1994
(Tripura Act No.7 of 1994) set the platform for urban governance. The Act is in
full compliance of the CAA-1992 and the provisions of Part IX A of the
Constitution. The Tripura legislative assembly had opted for a political executive
type of local governance in the Act and therefore has a chairperson-in-council
system in urban areas.
It is a comprehensive municipal Act for the purpose of providing public and

municipal services amongst all the project cities. There are separate chapters1
dealing with functions in relation to water supply, drainage and sewerage, solid
waste, urban and regional planning and development, and the regulatory powers
and functions, which extensively deal with streets. The Schedule II of the said
Act lists out 18 functions of the municipality2 that completely replicates the
twelfth schedule of the Constitution of India. The Act provides for creation of
ward committees in order to bring municipal government closer to the people.
Besides, state election commission (SEC) conducts the municipal elections and
the newly created SFC makes recommendations on financial devolution to
municipal bodies and other matters concerning their powers, functions and
responsibilities.
The other statue, which governs planned urban development in the state, is the
Tripura town and country planning Act, 1975. The Act provides for a high-
powered town and country planning board at the state level and planning
authorities at the local level, where the area has been declared a planning area.
The legislation provides for each planning authority (though no authority exists at
present) to prepare land use maps, development plans etc. It empowers the
planning authority to control land use in conformity with the development plan,
levy and recover development charges and set up a development fund.
10.4. 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT

The Government of Tripura, enacted new municipal legislation in line with the
74th CAA, called ”The Tripura Municipal Act, 1994”, replacing the applicability of
the Bengal Municipal Act, 1932.
1
Chapter IX – Water Supply; Chapter X – Drainage and Sewerage; Chapter XI – Functions in relation to
solid waste; Chapter XIV – Urban and Regional Planning and Development; Chapter VIII – Regulatory
powers and functions.
2
Government.
Within the overall focus of the 74th CAA, the said Act has been suitably modified
suiting the situation of the state of Tripura. For instance, the municipality was
contemplated to be an elected urban local body to perform effectively as vibrant
democratic units of self-government as per the mandate of the 74th Constitutional
Amendment and to that end an entire chapter3 is dedicated towards the
constitution and composition of the Municipality.
Further, it is envisaged that the members were to be elected by a general

election to constitute either a nagar panchayat for a transitional Municipal area;
a municipal council for a smaller urban municipal area and a municipal
corporation for a larger municipal area4.Accordingly, Agartala constituted a
municipal council with a chairperson5. The total number of seats6 in the
municipal council had to be determined by notification of the state government,
with a certain number of seats to be reserved for schedule castes and schedule
tribes, translating into poverty alleviation and further certain number of seats was
to be reserved for women taking sufficient care of the gender aspects7.
(b) Municipal Elections

Tripura has held regular elections since the implementation of 74th CAA in 1994.
It may be mentioned that under Section 49/1 of Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 the
first general election to form the urban local bodies (AMC and 12 nagar
panchayats) was held on December 23, 1995 and the new elected members
took oath in January 1996. In all, 17 ward councilors got elected from each ward
in the previous election. Presently there are 35 ward councilors representing
each ward.
(c) Devolution of Functions

The Schedule II of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 lists out 18 functions of the
municipality8 that completely replicates the twelfth schedule of the Constitution of
India. Of which, the state government of Tripura has delegated 15 functions
listed under.
• Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management;
• Roads and bridges;
• Provision of urban amenities and facility such as park gardens, playground;
• Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums;
• Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveyance;
• Promotion of cultural education and aesthetic aspects;
3
Chapter III – Constitution, Composition etc of the Municipalities.
4
Section 10 (1) – Constitution of the Municipalities.
5
Section 10(3)(ii)(c).
6
It was not less than 15 and not more than 25 as per the Act of 1994. This was amended by the Tripura
Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2004 to read as not less than 17 and not more than 35.
7
Section 12 – Total number of seats for direct election in Municipalities and Municipal constituencies. Sub-
section (1) stipulated that – subject to the provision of sub-section (3) the total number of seats in every
Municipality, to be filled by persons chosen by direct election from Municipal constituencies, and the number
of seats, if any, to be reserved for the Schedule Castes and for the Schedule Tribes of the Municipality
including the number of seats to be reserved for women shall be such as the State Government may
determine by notification.
8
Government.
• Planning for social and economic development;

• Urban forestry, protection of environmental aspects and promotion of ecological aspects;
• Safeguard the interests of weaker section of society, including handicapped and mentally
retarded;
• Slum improvement and up gradation;
• Urban poverty alleviation;
• Cattle ponds, preservation of cruelty to animal;
• Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries;
• Water supply (only revenue collection); and
• Construction of buildings.
Functions not delegated to AMC:
• Urban planning including Town Planning;

• Regulation of Land use;
• Fire service and
• Water supply for domestic industrial and commercial purposes.
Furthermore, the state government of Tripura has also devolved financial powers
and taxation powers to the municipality. For instance, it is amended that a
municipality may earn revenue through its power to levy taxes, tolls, duties and
fees. Amongst the various revenue earning measures are property taxes, water
tax, tax on advertisement9 (not including newspaper advertisement), tax on carts
and carriages10, tolls on ferries and bridges11, fees on license and permit12, fees
on construction and reconstruction on buildings13, vehicle parking fees14 etc.15
Another notable provision incorporated in the said Act w.r.t to devolution of

function is the power to impose new tax in their jurisdictional area16.
9
Section 197 – Tax on advertisement other than advertisement in the newspapers.
10
Section 198.
11
Section 199 and 200.
12
Section 201.
13
Section 202.
14
Section 205.
15
Section 192 – Power to levy tax etc. All the above Sections read with this Section.
16
For instance, section 200 of the Act provides for power to establish a Toll Bar as there may be an
occasion where there would be private player for the levy of any toll, ‘in any bridge or at any place adjacent
to any bridge’ and that the tolls may be levied from vehicles, carriages and carts and animals passing over
such bridges for the purpose of recovering the expenses incurred in constructing or maintaining, repairing
such bridge for a period not exceeding 5 years since the date of construction or repairs. Further, sub clause
(2) states that the Municipality may grant a lease of toll-bar for such period and in such manner as may be
determined in the regulation on the payment of a lump sum annual toll collected by the lessee.

(d) Creation of Wards and Setting up Ward Committees

Ward committees were created in the old 17 wards. In the recently added areas
of 25 villages, 8 sectors, having sector committees were created as a transitional
arrangement, by the government, for proper administration. The delimitation of
new wards in the added area is complete. As a result of which the total number
of wards has increased to 35.
(e) Panchayat
The remaining villages of the GAPA are organized under town panchayats.
(f) Creation of District Planning Committees

It is understood that the bill for creation of district planning committee has
been formulated and is under the review of state Cabinet for further action.
(g) Setting up of State Finance Commission

Under the provision of Article 243-Y of the Constitution read with Section 269 of
the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the SFC was constituted. The Commission
submitted their first report in January, 1996. The Government accepted its
recommendations. Thereafter, the SFC had been requested to review the
financial position of the municipalities as per provision of Article 243Y of the
Constitution read with Section 269 of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 and make
recommendations to the Governor as to:
• The principles which shall govern (i) the distribution between the state and the municipalities
of the net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the state which may be
divided between them under this part and the allocation between the municipalities at all
levels of their respective shares of such proceeds; (ii) the determination of the taxes, duties,
tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or appropriated to the municipalities; (iii) the grant-in-
aid to the municipalities from the consolidated fund of the state; and
• The measures needed to improve the financial position of the municipalities.
The second SFC has been set up in October 2004.
(h) Actions on SFC Recommendations

Recommendations of first Tripura SFC have been accepted, with some minor
modifications by the government17. The major accepted recommendations
pertain to devolution of financial powers to ULBs for revenue generation and
financial management. 5.5% of the states tax revenues have been allocated to
ULBs, an important provision for ensuring financial viability. Other
recommendations pertain to improvement in accounting, auditing and budgeting
system and also includes preparation of action plan for strengthening of
municipal management.
10.5. GOVERNING STRUCTURE OF AMC

As per the provisions of the Tripura Municipal Act, the organizational structure of
the AMC consists of two distinct divisions: (a) political wing; and (b)
17
Source: “State Urban Development Strategy paper under the guidelines of IDSMT”, Nov 2004, Town and
Country Planning Organization, urban development department, government of Tripura.
administrative wing (see Figure 10-2). A brief discussion on each of the wings is
given in the subsequent sections.
AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
Legislative / Political Wing Executive /

(17 Councilors + 8 Sector Administrative Wing
Presidents – (upto Dec. 2005)
Chairperson Chief Executive Officer
Vice-Chairman
Chairperson-in-Council
Education and
Standing Standing Standing Standing General Account Public Health Public Works Revenue
Committee Committee Committee Committee Poverty
Administration Section Section Wing Section
Alleviation
COUNCILORS
Ward Committee
Executive Executive Executive Executive

Officer Officer Officer Officer
WARD / ZONAL LEVEL Zonal Office-4 Zonal Office-4 Zonal Office-4 Zonal Office-4
Figure 10-2: Existing Organisation Structure of AMC
10.5.1. Political Wing
The political wing functions on the model of chairperson-in-council system. It

consists of 35 councilors. Under democratic set-up, the chairperson is the head
of AMC. The chairperson is elected by the councilors. The council consists of a
chairperson, a vice-chairperson and four executive members.
Chairperson-in-Council
Chairperson-in-council is the executive body of the AMC. The chairperson-in-
council, has executive powers of the council and is the main policy maker of the
council. The chairperson who heads the chairperson-in-council is the executive
head of the AMC. The chairperson nominates vice-chairperson amongst the
elected members as soon as he assumes office (see Figure 10-3). Of the total
elected councilors, the chairperson also nominates/appoints four of them to act
as presidents of four committees, known as standing committee. These
standing committees assist the council in :
• Public works,
• Public health,
• Finance, and
• Social welfare.
Of which, as per the provisions of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the
chairperson acts as the ex-officio president of the finance committee. The term
of the standing committee is two and half years. Secretary of the council acts as

ex-officio secretary of the standing committees. Table 10-2 presents role and
responsibilities of each of these standing committees. Therefore, the
chairperson-in-council consists of chairperson, vice-chairperson, presidents and
members of standing committee and presidents of zonal committee and sector
presidents (special invitee and will not have voting right) and councilors (see
Figure 10-3).
CHAIRPERSON-IN COUNCIL
OF AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
Chairperson
(Elected by Councilors)
Chief Executive Officer
Vice Chairperson Secretary

(Appointed by Chairperson) (Ex- office Standing
Committee)
Standing
Presidents of Standing Standing Standing
Committee –
Sector Committee Committee - Committee – Committee –
Social Welfare/
(Invitee Member) Finance Public Health Public Works
Women
Members Members Members Members Members
Councilors
Figure 10-3: Structure of Chairperson-in Council of AMC
Table 10-2: Role and Responsibility of Steering and Standing committee, AMC
Committee Role and Responsibility Composition
• Prioritise Infrastructure projects to be considered • Members not exceeding than
for financial year. four, (CEO or other officers of
• Prepare budget estimate with the help of PWD the municipality to be ex-officio
Public Works section of AMC. secretary, appointed by
Committee • Sanction the projects for further action. chairperson
Oversee the implementation of sanctioned • Elected among themselves.
project. • May have nominated member
• Approve variation in approved list of project. with requisite qualification.
• Implementation of vaccination and health care • Members not exceeding than
programmes sponsored by GoI and Government four, (CEO or other officers of
of Tripura. the municipality to be ex-officio
Public Health • Solid waste management programme. secretary, appointed by
Committee • Environmental awareness and clearances. chairperson.).
• Oversee functioning of government hospitals and • Elected among them.
dispensaries. • May have nominated member
with requisite qualification.
• Preparation of budget. • Members not exceeding than
• Preparation financial statements, four, (CEO or other officers of
• Monitoring and evaluation of budget the municipality to be ex-officio
Finance implementation. secretary, appointed by
Committee • Fund allocation business. chairperson
• Place the budget in council. • Elected among themselves.
• Monitoring and evaluation of financial health of • May have nominated member
AMC. with requisite qualification.
Social Welfare • Implementation of social welfare schemes of GoI • Members not exceeding than
and Women and Government of Tripura. four, (CEO or other officers of
Committee • Work towards empowerment and social and the municipality to be ex-officio

Committee Role and Responsibility Composition

financial development of women. secretary, appointed by
• Conduct cultural and social programmes and chairperson
events. • Elected among themselves.
• Development of socially deprived class and • May have nominated member
economically backward people. with requisite qualification.
• AIDS control and prevention.
There are ward committees in the existing wards. While, the newly added
areas of the AMC have been divided into eight sectors and being looked after by
nominated sector committees. This is a transitional arrangement till next
municipal elections are held. Ward councilors during the first meeting of the
council immediately after the election will elect one member as a chairperson.
The chairperson has the following powers. However, s/he has to report before
the council for sanction and approval:
• Preside over the meeting of the chairperson-in-council;
• Power to decide time and place for chairperson-in-council meet;
• Power to decide the functions of members of the standing committee; and
• Power to execute some necessary work during emergency.
Chairperson of the council will preside over the council meeting and s/he is
responsible for municipal meetings and proceedings held.
Sector Committee (Transitional arrangement)

The next hierarchy in the political wing is Sector Committee. With the
extension of the boundaries of AMC and in order to better cater to the needs of
an additional 200,000 people, the GoT issued a series of orders and notifications
in late 2004 and early 2005 on the reorganized set up of the AMC. Pending
delimitation of the new wards, the extended area were divided into 8 sectors, the
staff and assets of the erstwhile panchayats were transferred to the sector
offices and these offices were authorised to carry out all the functions expected
of the ward office.
The sector comprises group of contiguous wards for administrative expedience

and greater. Each sector is headed by a sector committee for carrying out the
development works as per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994. It is purely a
temporary/transitional in nature and has been dissolved with organization of
election.
As per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the sector committee is headed by a
president. The chairperson appoints any person from the nominated members
to act as the president of the sector committee. It consisted of minimum 7 and
up to a maximum of 11 members. On the administrative front, one senior staff
and two assistants assisted the committee. The sector committees were
responsible for overall development of the sector implementation of works
collection with municipal taxes/fees, etc. as assigned to them time to time by the
council; suggest/recommend works, particularly for public works and public
health for general improvement/development. The sector committee have
ceased to exist as elections to the wards were conducted in Dec 2005.

Ward Committee
The next hierarchy in the political wing is nagarik committee at the ward level.
As per Tripura Municipal Act, each ward can have one ward committee. The
councilor of concerned ward will be the chairman of ward committee. The
chairperson and councilor have the powers to nominate members of ward
committee and the number depends upon the population of the ward. It consists
minimum of 7 and up to a maximum of 11 members.
The ward committee discharges functions prescribed by zonal committee such

as:
• responsible to hold an annual public meeting to discuss the administration report of the
municipality and future plans and programmes;
• redressal of citizen's grievances;
• committee helps the council in identification of problems of the ward, fixation of priority of the
problems and in overseeing the proper execution of various works in the ward relating to
urban services; and
• responsible for planning and functioning of various obligatory and discretionary functions and
arranging Annual general meeting of the residents of the ward.
10.5.2. Executive Wing
Council office
On the executive side, the Chief executive officer (CEO) assists the chairperson.
The CEO heads the administrative wing of AMC. There are 6 sections in the
AMC namely; administration, account, public health, public works, revenue
section and education and poverty alleviation (Figure 10-4). The functions of
each sections are given in Table 10-3.
Zonal Office
The next hierarchy is zonal office. The municipal area has been divided into
three zones comprising a group of contiguous wards for administrative
expedience and greater interests of the public and its employees and zonal
offices have been established. This is a major measure of decentralization. The
zonal offices work for overall development of the zone, carry out all relevant
works defined in Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 for the municipality. The zonal
office functions as per the directions of the CEO. The zonal offices are headed
by executive officers from the Tripura Civil Service.
The main activities of the zonal office, inter alia, are assessment of property
tax/fees, collection, licenses, touji, sanitation, drinking water, birth and death
certificate, cleaning, solid waste management, street lighting, minor works and
so forth.


Administrative Set Up
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
EDUCATION AND
GENERAL ACCOUNT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC WORKS REVENUE
POVERTY
ADMINISTRATION SECTION SECTION WING SECTION
ALLEVIATION
Senior Engineer Assessor Project Officer

Branch Officer Accounts Officer Health Officer
Sanitary Executive Section Section

Office Office
Inspector Engineer Officer in Charge
Superintendent Superintendent
Section Section
Head Clerk Accountant Asstt. Office
in Charge in Charge
Engineers Superintendent
Junior Section in
Head Clerk
Engineer Charge
• Personal & training cell • Audit & Account cell • Medical services & • Administrative cell • Assessment cell • Social education cell
• Council & ward • Bill cell • general health care • Tender cell • Tax collection cell • Poverty alleviation
officeaffairs • Budget & Accounts cell • Accounts cell • Total allotment cell • cell
• Law cell • cell • Sanitation cell • Cash (P.W.) cell • Survey cell • Municipal school
• Person cell • Cost cell • Low casts allocation • Planning cell • License cell • Town hall
• Confidential & pubic • P.F. cell • Birth & Death • Sub-division No.1 • Domestic water • Library & reading
grievances cell • Registration cell • Sub-division No.2 • supply • room
• General receive & • Sub-division No.3 • Personal & office • Orphan home
displace cell • PWD store • care taking cell • Statistical cell
• Generals to be & office • Garage cell • Collection Counter
care taking cell • Field collection team
Zonal Office Zonal Officer
Sector Office Sector Officer
Figure 10-4: Structure of Executive Wing of AMC
Table 10-3: AMC – Functions of Sections of AMC

Section Functions
• Maintain personal files and service books of the employees including
leave records
• Execution of pay bill
• Maintenance of records related to gratuities and contributions
• Maintenance of land records.
General Administration
• Elections of ward commissioners.
Section
• Government notification
• Maintenance of training programs from government and from private
entrepreneur.
• Dealing all government correspondence, issues and receipts.
• Maintenance of government proceedings.
• Preparation of budget of the municipal board.
• Preparation of proposal for grant from the state government
• Salary bills and contributions fund
Accounts Section
• Payments of bills related to municipal expenditures
• Management of income and expenditure
• Maintaining cash books
• Registration of births and deaths and issuing birth and death
Public Health Section certificates.
• Management of solid waste and cleaning of drains.
• Construction works of the municipality including roads, drainage
system, community halls, etc.
• Fixation of the annual rental values of the building of imposing the
Public Works Section taxes on the new constructions
• Street lighting arrangements
• Providing building permission within Municipal Area.
• Dealing with unauthorized constructions.
• Prepare the bills for taxes to be collected.
Revenue Section • Calculate taxes as per the annual value (AV) given by the public
works section

Section Functions
• Maintains demand register
• Deals with cases related to mutation.
• Issues licenses commercial establishments
• Issues license to the contractors on contract basis for collecting the
taxes for parking places and tollgates.
• Finalize tax bills by including arrear figures of tax fro properties,
• Collect taxes and issue receipts.
• Maintain records of tax collection
• Transfer cash and cheques received form the tax payers to the
accounts section
UPA Cell - The cell is primarily involved in the community-based activities
under the poverty alleviation programs of the GoI like Swarna jayanthi
Education and Poverty
shahari rozgar yojana (SJSRY) and National Slum Development
Alleviation Section
Programme (NSDP). The key activities include formation of thrift and
credit societies, urban self-employment etc.
10.6. RECENT MANAGEMENT REFORMS
10.6.1. Continuous Monitoring System:
Monitoring within AMC is done at five levels, namely, Council level, sector, Ward
level, Zonal level and on the field.
10.6.2. E-Governance
For efficient management of the increasing administrative responsibilities and

the welfare activities, AMC proposes a project on E-Governance. Under this
project, following tasks are to be undertaken:
• To computerize all assets of AMC and all information related to AMC administration and
functioning.
• Training of officials as per the requirement of the computerization system to be adopted.
• Computerization in Financial and Property tax Departments
• Civic centres to be set up whereby, total information are web based and linked. One can
calculate one’s own tax on line also one can find out the status of his/ her complaint.
• Main sections incorporated under these are property tax, vehicle tax and any other licenses
Other sub-functions of the system:

• Float tenders on-line.
• Budgets for the ongoing financial year
• To incorporate the current status of all infra structure projects.
• Setting up kiosks at all civic centres.
• Downloading of forms related to:
- Shops and Establishments,
- Property Tax assessment,
- Town Development,
- Online complaint lodging and status check of the central workshop complaints.
- Property tax structure
10.6.3. Facilities available online:
Downloading of forms related to:

• Domestic Water Supply Connections,
• Birth & Death Registration,
• Application of new holdings
• Mutation/Separation
• Food license
• Building plan approval
• Health and sanitation

10.7. ISSUES
The issues those need to be addressed for overall development of urban
governance for institutional development are given in Table 10-4. The focus
areas of issues are legal, organization and function, finance, land, human
resource management, and database and information management.
Table 10-4: Local Governance Development Issues

Sector Issues
• Devolution of more powers and functions to AMC, in the spirit of 74th CAA.
Legal • High dependency on state government for resources and approvals that is
against the spirit of the 74th CAA.
• No implementation of Byelaws
• Lack of clarity for exercise of powers by committees, elected functionaries and
nominated functionaries.
Organization and • Lack of clarity about the role to be performed by the officers and elected
members of AMC.
functioning
• Absence of organizational structure.
• Lack of accountability and transparency in functioning of AMC
• Lack of experience in handling big infrastructure project.
• Improper Financial Organizational Structure.
• Lack of financial and taxation powers.
Finance • Revenue collection system inefficient.
• Poor record maintenance and asset management.
• High dependency on grants and loans.
Land Development • Enforcement of land use control and building byelaws in Agartala
and physical • Absence of cadastral mapping. No record of public land.
planning
Human resource • AMC does not have the required technical and skilled staff.
• Need to prepare office manual.
management
• No accountability.
Data base and • Very Poor Data Base and Information Management
information • No asset management.
management • Traditional land record and registration system

11. Co
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11.1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the participatory process undertaken to prepare City
Development Plan and highlights the key findings of consultation. The
participation process for CDP Agartala constituted of consultations where
Stakeholders were involved through interviews and focus group discussions to
gauge situation assessment in terms of levels of urban services, and infrastructure
needs for improvement etc.
11.2. STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE

To get the overall picture of the infrastructure status in Agartala, different
stakeholders profile were consulted. The consultation process was formulated to
target stakeholders at varied levels.
• Primary stakeholders such as the community, gender groups, Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs), those directly affected positively or negatively by it.
• Secondary stakeholders, those who influence in development intervention or are indirectly
affected by it. They include elected representatives of People and the Govt Officials (Urban
Administrative Departments).
11.2.1. Primary Stakeholder Consultation Findings
A total of fourteen primary consultations have been carried out in GAPA. The
details of the consultation program held in GAPA have been given in Table 11-1
and detailed outcome of the meetings have been presented in Appendix 11.1 to
11.14. The locations where Primary consultations have been carried out are
shown in Figure 11-1.
Table 11-1: Details of Primary Consultation Program held in Agartala

S. Type of Venue of No of Details in
Stakeholder Area, Ward
No Consultation Consultation Participants Appendix
COMMUNITY
1 FGD Community, Rajnagar, Sector 4 Aanganwadi 28 11.1
Sector President
2 FGD Community, Joginder Nagar Sector Office 21 11.3
Sector Sector 7
President.
3 FGD Community Rampur, Ward No Community 15 11.3
8 Centre
4 FGD Community Ward No 11 Local Primary 33 11.4
School
5 FGD Community, Nandan Nagar, Sector Office 24 11.5
Sector President Sector 2
6 FGD Community, Kashipur, Sector 3 Sector Office 34 11.6
Sector President
7 FGD Community, Lichubagan, Local Temple 32 11.7
Ward Chandaninamora
Councillors
GENDER GROUP
8 Individual Chairperson, Agartala Office of State 1 11.8

S. Type of Venue of No of Details in

Stakeholder Area, Ward
No Consultation Consultation Participants Appendix
COMMUNITY
Interview Tripura State Commission for
Commission for Women
Women
9 Individual State Institution Agartala Cabin of Ms. 2 11.9
Interview for Public Vandana Sinha,
Administration Sipard
and Rural
Development
(SIPARD)
10 FGD with Women Agartala Agartala 6 11.10
Elected Councillors Municipal
Representative Council
s of Agartala
Municipal
Council
11 FGD with NGO-Tripura Agartala Office of the 3 11.11
Elected Adivasi Mahila NGO
Representative Samiti
s of NGO
NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOS)
12 Individual NGO-Akash Few wards of the Office of NGO 5 11.12
Interview Deep Social city and MG
Organisation Bazaar Areas
13 FGD NGO- Open where the NGOs Office of NGO 1 11.13
NSS offer their
14 NGO-Individual NGO-Maharaj services. Office of NGO 1 11.14
Interview Ganj Bazaar
Samiti.

Figure 11-1: Location of Consultations
11.2.2. Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders
The secondary stakeholders are the decision makers and policy makers.
Secondary stakeholders have been consulted especially on the technical and
financial aspects related to the project such as approach, designing of the
projects, identification and viability of sub projects, suitability of methods etc.
Secondary stakeholder consultations have been in the form of workshops,
interviews, meetings, presentations and site visits. The list of secondary level
stakeholders consulted in Agartala has been presented in Appendix 11.15. Table

11-2 mentions the secondary stakeholders consulted.
Table 11-2: Secondary Stakeholder Consultation Program held in Agartala

Secondary Stakeholders met with in Agartala
• Chief Minister/Minister
Elected Representatives • ULB Chairperson
• Ward Councilors
• Chief Secretaries
Government Officers and Urban • Commissioner/Secretaries
Administrative Departments • Head of line Departments
• CEOs of ULBs
11.3. CONSULTATION FINDINGS

The outcomes of the consultations have been presented to enable an
understanding of the current urban infrastructure situation in the project city, the
impacts (adverse) due to the present situation and the changes sought by the
community. For ease of understanding and clarity the topics have been prepared
urban sector wise.
(a) Water Supply

The water supply at Agartala is through a piped system, shallow / deep tube wells
and some open wells. The source of the piped water systems is through two
intake points on the Haora River, and 49 deep tube wells. The underground water
in Agartala contains high iron content and water supplied from 17 out of 49 tube
wells is treated for iron removal. Table 11-3 summarizes the outcomes of
consultations for water supply component with primary stakeholder groups in
Agartala.
Table 11-3: Summary of Consultation Findings for Water Supply Component in Agartala
Issues raised by stakeholders
S.No Stakeholder Present service Proposals/suggestions
Effect
Delivery/Other issues for improvement
1 Community Baseline Large number of hand Piped water supply
Water Table high in city. pumps as water table is high preferred by all consulted.
Service level Dependency on tube wells,

Present Quality and water stand posts and hand Need for more public water
quantity of water is not pumps in peripheral areas, stand posts in slum and
satisfactory. where piped supply is not low income group localities.
available.
Very few amongst the Iron removal plant to be set
consulted households Slum residents have no up.
have piped water supply option but to drink tube well
connection. water having high iron Extension of existing
content. distribution lines from tube
Piped water not supplied wells. Overhead tanks to
to slum areas. Alum dosing practiced to be constructed.
reduce effect of iron.
Quality Inability of low-income
Water supplied from tube Incidence of Water borne groups to pay more than
wells without iron removal diseases is common INR 20-30 per month for
or treatment. piped water connection.
Cost recovery


S.No Stakeholder Present service Proposals/suggestions
Effect
Monthly charge for water
is INR 20-30 per month.
2 Gender Service delivery Women depend directly on Extension of water supply
Coverage of water supply river for bathing, washing. network to entire city.
network limited in the city.
Social insecurity faced by More Iron removal plants to
Poor ground water quality women as they have to be set up.
with high iron content. bathe, undertake daily
chores in open
Areas such as Chandmari
and Indranagar have Occurrence of waterborne
pressing water supply diseases common
problem.
3 NGO High Iron Content in Ground water contaminated Urgent need for water
Drinking Water. due to disposal of sewage in supply system for whole
drains and unlined septic city.
Ground water sources tanks. Outbreak of
contaminated. waterborne diseases More tube wells to be dug
common. up
(b) Sewerage
Agartala city is not covered by sewerage system

at present. Sewage disposal from households is
predominantly through septic tanks and soak pits
(83.1%). Water table in the city being high, the
possibility of septic tank effluents contaminating
the groundwater is high. The other means of
wastewater disposal is through storm water
drains. A large number of households release the
soak pit effluents into storm water drains, thus
creating insanitary conditions.
The situation is further aggravated by use of

storm water drains for disposal of solid wastes,
especially in colonies inhabited by poorer Makeshift toilet overhanging on
sections of the society. A large number of pit River Haora in Agartala
latrines is found along riverbanks. Open defecation is widespread among lower
income group people especially those living along river, nallah banks and in rural
areas. The consultations conducted with the primary stakeholders, and their
suggestions for sector improvements have been summarized in Table 11-4.
Table 11-4: Summary of Consultation Findings for Sewerage Component in Agartala

S.
Stakeholders Present service Proposals/suggestions
No Effect
1 Community Existing sewerage system: People bathe in open at Proposed Solution:
Kutcha pit latrines used by ponds hand pumps. Public sewerage system
majority of population. Open preferred by all income
defecation widespread. Makeshift toilets groups in all
constructed overhanging consultations.


S.
No Effect
Most of the households do not on rivers and nullahs.
have enclosed bathing space. Waste disposed directly Cost of System
into river Inability to pay more than
No awareness about Public INR 10-25 per month for
Sewerage System. Economically weaker public sewerage
sections consulted connection to AMC.
Views People cannot afford to Slum dwellers willing to
avail of Low Cost pay nominally for
Refusal to share toilets with
sanitation scheme (LCS) maintenance of
other households in low-
income groups and slum community toilets.
dwellers.
Specific Proposal
Existing Schemes Need of one toilet block
Finance for building individual for 20 families in Nandan
toilets under Low Cost Nagar /slum areas.
Sanitation Scheme of AMC
available.
2 Gender Most households in slum Women bathe in open Enclosed bathing spaces,
areas have dry latrines and faces sewerage facility
embarrassment and required.
Absence of bathing spaces in insecurity
most households Willingness to pay for
public Sewerage system
3 NGO Absence of sewerage system Spread of diseases and Public sewerage system
ground water needed for the city
contamination due to
unlined septic tanks,
disposal of night soil in
drains
(c) Drainage
The total length of storm water

drainage in Agartala is around 60 km.
About 50% of the existing city area is
covered by the open drains. These
drains carry not only storm water
drainage but also sanitary wastes,
which is discharged into the drains
from septic tanks and toilets.
A flooded street in Agartala –a routine affair
During the rainy season, the water
levels in the Haora and Katakhal rivers increase severely flooding the down town
areas of Agartala. The problem becomes severe due to backflow from
Bangladesh. This leads to disruption of business, damage to infrastructure and
causes health problems related to poor sanitation and water supply. The city has
a fairly extensive drainage infrastructure, including pumps to lift water from the city
to the two rivers. Table 11-5 highlights the drainage related issues from the
consultations held with primary stakeholders in the city

Table 11-5: Summary of Consultation Findings for Drainage Component in Agartala

S.
Stakeholder Present service Proposals/suggestions for
No Effect
Delivery/Other issues improvement
1 Community Present network Water logging and Drainage system to be
Absence of proper flooding common during improved. Drains to be
drainage system. rainy season. widened and deepened.
Service Delivery Roads get waterlogged De-silting of drains and

Most of the drains unlined during rains. Water rivers to be carried out.
and choked with silt and logging remains for 3-4
solid waste. hours in most areas. Retaining walls to built along
the river.
Drains with silt lying Houses near the river &
unattended on sides in low-lying areas have Drains to be lined and
observed. Uncleared silt to be evacuated during aligned properly.
flows back into drains with the rainy season.
each rain.
Water logging for 2 Construction of check dams
Unauthorized months in a year in to stop flow of water into
constructions on riverbed. some areas. Bangladesh.
Most of city roads do not Backflow of water

have drains. causes flooding in
Agartala.
2 Gender Poor Drainage system in Water logging and
city. flooding for most part of
the year.
3 NGO Poor drainage system in Absence of drains even Widening of existing drains
city. along main roads. in the market area
The community has put the following proposals for drainage improvements in
GAPA as shown in Table 11-6. The proposals have been evaluated technically by
the sector specialists, and where found feasible, proposals have been included as
part of sub project proposals for the respective sector. Figure 11-2, Figure 11-3
and Figure 11-4 depict the proposals identified by the community. The proposals
given by the community have been evaluated technically by the sector specialists.
Where ever feasible, proposals have been included as part of sub project
proposals for the respective sector.
Table 11-6: Drainage Improvement Proposals for Agartala

S. No Drainage improvement Proposals Area/Person Figure No
Drainage- Construction of drain from Manindra Das House to
1 Paenna charra, via Bijoy Das house. Also needed- A culvert
near Bijay Das ‘s house. Length of the drain is about 1-1/2 kms
Drainage improvement in Kanta sewla area. Retaining wall also
2
needed.(to find out location of retaining wall.)
Jogendra Nagar
Drainage improvement from house of Gopal Pradhanpada to Figure 11-2
3 /Sector 7
Haora River (length –3 kms)
Improvement of Drainage system from Bankuman Town hall to
4
Vidyasagar market. Length –3 kms.
Retaining wall, box culvert and drainage improvement alongside
5
road from house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman tilla.
Drainage improvement alongside road from house of Prana Rampur/Ward No
6 Figure 11-3
Vallabh Ghosh via gengai road till house of Sadhan Das. 6

S. No Drainage improvement Proposals Area/Person Figure No

Drainage improvement form Military Cant ot Katakhal.Length of
drainage- 3 kms. Drain to be lined, aligned and widened from
7
present 2-3 m width to upto 5 m width. Sector 2/Nandan
Nagar
Improvement of drainage on both sides of road form Don Bosco
8
School to Chandrapur. Length –4 kms
Drainage improvement of road from Motbari to ICDC center
9 Chandaninamora
Chandaninamora South.
Drainage improvement and blacktopping of road from Netaji
10
Club to Paddyland. Length- .5-.7 kms
Provision of drain (no drain presently) on Assam Agartala Road,
Kashipur/ Secor
11 Form Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road via Daspara. Length – Figure 11-4
3
2-1/2 kms.

Figure 11-2

Figure 11-3

Figure 11-4

(d) Solid Waste Management:
The Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) is responsible for the solid waste
management (SWM) in Agartala. The major sources of solid waste in the city are
domestic, institutional, commercial, industrial, vegetable/fish/meat markets, and
construction/demolition wastes.
The total generation of municipal solid wastes is about 195 mtpd. In addition to
municipal wastes, about 1 to 1.5 t/d of bio medical hospital waste is generated per
day1. In the absence of any separate system for collection of bio-medical wastes,
it is mixed with municipal solid wastes (MSW).
The municipal solid waste is partially collected from house to house serviced by
NGO’s. Segregation of MSW is not practiced any where in the city. It was
observed that most of the people throw their SW on open drain, low-lying areas,
and roadsides. The primary collection service is limited to central zone of present
AMC boundary. Primary collection is through (i) street sweeping and (ii) house-to-
house waste collection through NGOs. The house-to-house collection in Agartala
is carried out by 42 NGOs. The issues that arose in the consultations on the
aspect of Solid Waste Management have been listed in Table 11-7.
Table 11-7: Summary of Consultation Findings for SWM in Agartala

S.
No Effect
1 Community Service Delivery Garbage burnt, buried Need for more dustbins
Solid waste collection in in pits or thrown in open
select areas of the city. drains. SWM coverage by AMC to
Peripheral areas not be increased.
covered by SWM Drains choked due to
services. indiscriminate dumping People willing to pay for
of garbage. SWM services, but not
Waste collected from more than INR 20.
dustbins placed along
roadsides every alternate Community willing to
day. Collection done once segregate waste if shown
a week in other areas. how to.
No segregation of waste
done presently.
Urban Governance
NGOs collect waste
everyday in some wards,
hired by AMC
2 Gender Waste dumped on roads Unhygienic conditions Waste Collection service
or drains. created. to be extended to all
areas.
Lack of awareness on Waste collection trucks
hygiene. do not access areas
away from main roads
and peripheral areas.
1
From the 4 hospitals and few small nursing homes having about 1400 beds facilities

S.
No Effect
3 NGO Service Level Need for waste collection
Door to door collection of vehicles and other
waste undertaken in Waste collection equipments to offer better
several wards of the city. equipment provided by services.
AMC inadequate.
Undertake awareness Monetary incentives to be
campaign of cleanliness, provided by AMC to
segregation of waste. NGOs.
Cost Recovery Demand for more landfill

INR 20 per family & INR sites.
50 from a multi family
household.
Commercial rates vary
from INR
SWM Equipment
NGO given 1 tricycle per
200 households by AMC
(e) Transportation
Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface
communication with the rest of the country is only by NH-44, which connects
Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. At present there are
no rail linkages within the city.
While the road system in the city of Agartala follows a gridiron pattern in the
central area however, it is haphazard and ill planned in the all areas.
The area under circulation on roads is 12.7% of the total area of city. However,
due to mixed traffic and major encroachments along most of the roads, high levels
of congestion exist in these areas of the city. There are a number of link roads
emanating from the central core area of Agartala, but these are not well planned
and have insufficient road widths. Table 11-8 lists the Traffic and Transport
related issues identified from the primary stakeholder consultations.
Table 11-8: Summary of Consultation Findings for Transportation in Agartala

Stakeholder
S. No Present service Proposals/suggestions for
Effect
1 Community No electrification along Roads waterlogged General Proposals
the feeder roads. during rains. Feeder roads to be electrified.
Absence of drains along Bad geometric and Feeder roads to NH to be

roads. surface quality of widened, roads leading to
roads cause commercial places, bus stand etc
Traffic congestion in accidents to be widened.
feeder roads to the NH.
Riding quality of roads to be
Roads in commercial improved
areas narrow and
congested.
Specific Proposals


Stakeholder
S. No Present service Proposals/suggestions for
Effect
Refer Summary of Consultation
Findings for location specific
Drainage related proposals
2 Gender Lack of street lighting Unsafe for women to Adequate street lighting to be
on roads venture out after dark provided on roads.
3 NGO Traffic Congestion Time delays and All roads passing through market
along main roads in city accidents and area need to be widened
increased accident
rates Traffic management measures
need to be adopted
Several specific road proposals have been identified by the community and have
been presented in Table 11-9. Figure 11-2, Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4 depicts
the transport proposals identified by the community in several meetings. All the
transportation proposals have been scrutinized and given due consideration by
the transportation and sector specialists. Some of the suggested stretches have
been included in the transportation proposals for the city. Proposals, localized in
nature and not meeting the criteria for selection have not been included. The outer
ring road for the city includes some of the stretches suggested by the community.
Table 11-9: Traffic and Transportation Proposals for Agartala

S.
Traffic and Transportation Proposals Area/Person Figure No
No
1 Road improvement in Kanta sewla area. Retaining wall also Jogender
needed Nagar/Sector 7
2 Widening of road from house of Gopal Pradhanpada to Haora
River (length –3 kms)
3 Widening of Road from Bankuman Townhall to Vidyasagar
market. Length –3 kms.
4 Road-Development of road form NanduDlnath ‘s shop to
Kalipada Das house-Length of the road is 1-1/2 kms
Figure 11-2
5 Retaining wall, box culvert and drainage improvement and road
widening of road from house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman
Tilla.
6 Widening of road No 9 AD Nagar starting form Beltola to Milan Ward No 11
Sangha (on NH) via Suraj para Arovinda Sangha.Length of
road- 2.5 kms/17’ wide.
7 Widening of road form Kalitila (Bhattapupur) via Chorubs Club
Sevak Sangha (Ad Nagar Rd No 1). Length of road 3 kms.
8 Widening of road from house of Prana Vallabh Ghosh via Rampur / Ward
gengai road till house of Sadhan Das. No 8
9 Widening of road form Don Bosco School to Chandrapur with Sector
improvement of drainage on both sides. Length –4 kms 2/Nandan
Figure 11-3
Nagar
10 Blacktopping of road from Netaji Club to Paddyland. Length- .5- Chandanina-
.7 kms mora
11 Road from Harijan Colony via Chandaninamora to Usha
Bazaar. Length- 6 ms wide.
12 Widening of road form Chandrapur to Khayarpur via Mariam Kashipur /
Figure 11-4
Nagar.Length 6 kms Sector 3
13 Widening on Assam -Agartal Road near house of Makhan
Debnath to house of Narayan Shah Kashipur via house of
Sharon Dey.Length –2 kms

S.
Traffic and Transportation Proposals Area/Person Figure No
No
14 Widening of road and provision of drain (no drain presently) On
Assam Agartala Road, from Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road
via Daspara. Length – 2-1/2 kms
15 Widening of Assam Agartala Road, From near Sherwali point to
Haridas Das house. Length- 1 km.
16 Widening, On Assam- Agartala Road, From Petrol Pump to
Sudhir Shah’s House. Length- 1 km.

Appendix 11.1
FGD HELD WITH COMMUNITY AT RAJNAGAR WARD
Ward Profile: The area is hardly a km

away form the Bangladesh border and
many of the people in the area seem to
be encroachers on govt. land. Most of
the houses of this settlement are
constructed in the riverbed of River
Haora.
Profile of Participants: Most all the

participants were BPL cardholders and
Some of the participants in the FGD
agricultural workers. The participants
were a mix of legal titleholders, slum dwellers and people living in unauthorized
areas. The women work as housemaids to earn their living.
Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed

Water Supply
• Participants informed that none of the residents of the area had PHED piped water supply
connection, while 5 people owned tube wells.
• Others were depended on public hand pumps or stand posts. The participants informed that
most of the public hand pumps in the area were not functioning or needed servicing.
• It was informed that the quality of water was not good and had high iron content People
mentioned that they used alum dosing to reduce the adverse impact of high iron content.
• Residents of the area suffered from dysentery, stomach ache etc due to the water quality. They
informed that water supplied by the PHED was not treated to remove iron.
• On being asked about improvements in water supply, participants asked for piped water supply.
However they expressed inability to pay more than INR 20 per month.
Sewerage
• Only two of the participants had individual toilets connected to septic tanks. The rest had kutcha
toilets structures and pit latrine system.
• None of the households had individual bathing places.
• People claimed that no night soil was disposed in the open drains. However it was informed that
the houses built in the river beds had kutcha toilets along the river bed which disposed night soil
in the river directly.
• One of the male participants informed that in the adjoining locality they constructed one
community toilet to serve 15 households without any govt. grant or loan or help.
• People were explained of the functioning of a public sewerage system and the advantages of
the public system over pit latrines or septic tanks.
• While everyone readily agreed in favour of the public sewerage system, they expressed inability
to pay more than INR 20 a month.
• Participants were then asked about willingness to use community toilets. All the participants
rejected the idea of using community toilets.
Drainage
• The participants informed that although they locality was very close to the Haora river it did not
overflow its embankment.
• They however informed that Bangladesh had constructed check dams downstream in their
territory due to which backflow of waters in the river was created during monsoons and flooding
took place.
• They mentioned that the area was subjected to water logging for two months in a year and
during the rainy seasons people living on the river beds had to move to safer areas till the water
subsided.
Solid Waste Management:

• The people mentioned that there was no solid waste collection facility in their area.
• The nodal officer of the municipal council informed that as the area was recently included in the
extended municipal council area, the service was yet to be extended to the area.
• They were informed that the council was planning to hire an NGO to collect waste in the area.
Most of the people dumped garbage in the river Haora, alternatively, they dumped waste in pits
dug near their houses.
Transportation
• People expressed willingness to relocate in case any residential land was required for any new
roads for the larger interest to the society and their own development.
• They requested for overall development and widening of roads in the area.
Priorities for Development

• Sewerage & Sanitation
• Water
• Road development
• Drainage
• Solid Waste Management

Appendix 11.2
FGD AT JOGENDRA NAGAR, SECTOR 7
Profile of Participants:
The participants were all women who belonged to lower income groups. All the
participants were legal titleholders of
their houses. Most of the people in the
area work as daily wage labourers.
Among the participants 11 women were
housewives while the others worked for
a living. Amongst the workingwomen
were several who had started self-help
groups2. The works undertaken by the
women were bamboo works, selling of
ready-made garments, broiler, and Participants in the FGD at Jogendra Nagar
piggery.
Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed:

Water Supply
• Only 9 women amongst the participants informed that they received piped water supply. They
rest depended upon the public water stand post.
• The participants informed that their area had about 150 public water posts which were not
adequate. They put forward the need for more as the water was supplied for less than an hour
daily.
• The nodal officer informed in the meeting that the AMC had decided to disconnect some water
hydrants (except those in slum areas) as people were wasting a lot of water. As per norms they
informed that for every hydrant they would close they would give piped water supply to 15
households.
• The participants complained about the high iron content. They had to use alum dosing to
minimize iron content in the water.
• On being asked about their preference all the participants wanted individual piped connection,
however all of them expressed inability to pay more than INR 20 per month for the facility. It is to
be noted that the people belonged to the lower income group and few were residents of slums
Sewerage
• All the participants informed that they had sewerage facility in the form of pit latrines. However
they had no separate bathing spaces and bathed in the open.
• The participants were explained about advantages of public sewerage system and asked about
their preference on which they expressed desire for a public sewerage system in lieu of the
existing system.
• However, on being asked about willingness to pay for the same they were unable to commit due
to their low-income status.
• The AMC nodal office for the project, informed that the council had a Low Cost Sanitation
Scheme under which applicants could ask for part financing for building individual toilet.
2
Around 15 women formed a self-help group. Each of the member contributed INR 30-40.The total sum collected
was deposited in a bank and the women took loan against the capital invested to start some income generation
activity
Drainage
• Participants informed that part of the sector got waterlogged from the river Haora during rainy
season. Houses built on the river bed/embankment had to be evacuated during such times
• People had to evacuate from their houses in low-lying areas about 2-3 times in the rainy season
for a total period of 30 days.
• The participants added that the issue could be resolved by constructing an embankment but
while flooding would be prevented in their area it would be diverted to the main city area. Hence
they had to bear with the situation.
• On suggestions for improvements people asked for drainage, road development and retaining
walls to be put up in Kanta Sewla area.

• The council had recently initiated waste collection in the area along the main roads. However
the collection service was only 3-4 times a month.
• People expressed need for more dustbins in the area.
Transportation
• The participants expressed need for improving the roads.
• They mentioned that while streetlights were functional on some of the main roads the other
residential areas had no lighting facility.
• The community came up with the following suggestions for improvements in the road sector:
- Road from house of Gopal Pradhapada to Haora River-Widening of the road and drainage
improvement required.The road is about 3 km in length.
- Bankuman Town hall to Vidyasagar market-Drainage Improvement required urgently. The
length of the road is again 3 kms.
- Main road near house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman Tilla, Retainaing wall, box culvert,
drainage improvement and widening required.
- About 300 street lights –bulbs required in the whole secotr.,this was requested by the
sector president.
The participants expressed their willingness to relocate if land was required for
any of the road developments.

• Sewerage (toilet)
• Drainage
• Water supply
• Solid waste management
• Roads

Appendix 11.3
FGD AT RAMPUR, WARD NO. 8
Profile of Participants: The participants comprised of all women group. The

meeting was conducted at the Community Center for Total Literacy campaign.
The total no of participants was 15. The issues discussed in the focus Group
discussion are as given below.

Water Supply
• Participants informed that about 30 percent of the households in the area received piped water
connection however the quality of water was far from satisfactory. The remaining population
depended upon the water hydrants in the area, which numbered around 15.
• The iron content in water is high and alum dosing was practiced to reduce the effects of high
iron.
• The AMC supplies water from deep tube wells without any treatment or removal of iron.
• The nodal officer informed that the AMC is proposing to extend water connections to this area.
However among other problems one was that most of the houses were not registered and could
not be given water connection.
• People expressed desire to have individual piped connection in the area. However they
expressed inability to pay more than INR 30 per month for the facility.
Sewerage
• The participants mentioned that about 80 percent of the people had kutcha pit latrines while
remaining did not have access to any sewerage facility. In addition none of the households had
separate facility for bathing.
• On explaining about the functioning and merits of a public sewerage system, participants
expressed desire to have a public sewerage connections. However they expressed inability to
pay more than INR 25 a month for the same.
• On being asked whether they would be willing to use community toilets, they categorically
refused to consider adopting the common facility. Reluctance to share the facility, and maintain
it were some of the reasons they offered.
Drainage
• The participants explained that the drainage system was far from satisfactory in the area and
mentioned that about 15 percent of the area was prone to flooding in rainy season
• Most of the roads had no drainage system and water logging took place during the rainy season
for about 24-72 hours
• They added that people living near the river and in the riverbeds had to evacuate their houses
during rainy seasons and take shelter in the local school’s as a result of which these schools get
disrupted.
• It is to be noted that all constructions in the riverbed or river embankment are unauthorized
constructions.
Transportation
• The participants asked for widening and drainage improvement of road starting from the house
of Prana Vallabh Ghosh via Gangadh road near the house of Sadhan Das.
• On being asked about willingness to relocate in case land was needed for widening,the
participants readily agreed.

• It was informed that the area is not covered by the collection service of NGO/Municipal council.
• The council vehicle collected waste from the dustbins placed along the road every alternate day.
• In some of the areas, NGO was appointed by AMC for door-to-door collection of waste.

• When asked about willingness to segregate waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste, participants expressed willingness to do so once a system for recycling was in place.

• Sewerage
• Water supply
• Drainage
• Roads
Participants in FGD at Rampur

Appendix 11.4
FGD AT WARD NO 11
Stakeholder’s profile: The total numbers of participants were 33
Consultation Findings/Issues discussed:

Water Supply
• The participants informed that majority of
the people did not have piped water
supply connection from PHED with only
about 20 percent having connection in the
area however they received treated and
iron free water.
• The frequency of water from these public
water sources was satisfactory being two
times a day for an average of 2- 3 hours
each time. However the participants
complained that they faced water shortage
in case of power failure.
• Presently they depended upon hand
pumps or shallow tube wells. FGD at Ward No 11
• It was further informed that a new tank was in the process of being constructed by the PHED
and about 60 percent of the community would be supplied water once it was commissioned.
Sewerage
• More than 50 percent of the community depends on pit latrines as a sewerage system. About 40
percent of the participants said that they had kutcha bathroom or bathing room. Only a small
percentage-(3-4 participants in the meeting) had a pucca bathroom.
• The participants were unaware of public sewerage system for which the advantages over a pit
latrine or septic tank system were explained.
• Later all responded in favour of the public sewerage system. However they expressed inability
to pay more than INR 20-25 per month for the facility.
• The participants expressed opposition of using community toilets and rejected the idea inspite of
being explained the functioning and management of the facility.
Drainage
• The participants informed that only few areas in their locality got water logged.
• Water logging took 2-3 hours to clear away. They informed that their area was drained by 3
main drains which were all kutcha, each being about 1-1/2 km long.
• They asked for the drains to be lined and aligned properly. They informed that the drains were
6 ‘ wide
Transportation
• The participants informed that there were few roads in the locality that needed improvements.
They had the following proposals for road improvements/up gradation.
- Widening of road No 9 AD Nagar starting form Beltola to Milan Sangha(on NH) via Suraj
para Aravinda Sangha.Length of road- 2.5 kms/17’ wide.
- Widening of road form Kalitila (Bhattapupur) via Chorubs Club Sevak Sangha (Ad Nagar
Rd No 1). Length of road 3 kms.

• It was informed that 6 NGOs collect waste every day in the area . About 70 percent of the area
is covered by the collection service. The AMC collects the waste from the main bins daily.
• The nodal officer of the AMC informed that the NGO undertaking waste collection had asked for
more containers in the area to reduce the trip distance.

• The participants expressed willingness to segregate the waste if a system was put into place for
composting /recycling etc.

• Roads
• Water Supply
• Drainage
• Sanitation
• Solid waste management

Appendix 11.5
FGD AT NANDAN NAGAR
Area profile: The councilor informed that there were about 4000 families in
NadanNagar. About 10-15 percent of the locality are slum dwellers. The number
of participants was 40.
Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed

Water Supply
• The participants informed that only about 2-3 percent of the people had PHED piped water
supply connection. The monthly charge paid for water varied between INR 20 for panchayat
area and INR 30 for municipal areas per month. The councilor informed that the area was
supplied water from 6 deep tube wells.
• The capacity of each of the tube wells was 10-15000 gallons per hour. The councilor put forth
the following proposals for improvement of water supply in the area on behalf of the community.
- Extension of the existing distribution lines from the tube wells. About 2-3 km
- Iron removal plant for the area
- Need for 3 more tube wells to cater to the increasing population
The councilor informed that the above improvements were needed in light of the
AMC decision to discontinue all water hydrants in the AMC area except the slum
areas.
Sewerage
• The participants informed that only about one percent of the people in the area had toilets
connected to septic tanks while the majority had pit latrines. Similarly only 1 percent had bathing
rooms.
• The slum community expressed need for and willingness to use and maintain community toilets.
• The councilor of the area commented a need for one toilet block for about 20 families. The
participants also raised the issue of assured water supply in the community toilets.
Drainage
• The participants and councilor informed that there was no water logging in the area. They had
the following proposals for improvement of drainage, namely
• Improvement of alignment and lining of drainage channel from military kant to katakhal .The
length of the drain was said to be 3 kms.
• The councilor put forth the need for widening the drain to 5 m width.
Transportation
• The councilor and participants informed that there were no street lights on the important feeder
roads in the area and put forward the need for the same.
- Drainage improvement form Military Cant to Katakhal.Length of drainage- 3 kms. Drain to
be lined, aligned and widened from present 2-3 m width to upto 5 m width.
- Widening of road form Don Bosco School to Chandrapur with improvement of drainage on
both sides. Length –4 kms
- The councilor also identified the need for avenue plantation along the identified roads.

• The participants on being asked about disposal of waste said they dug pits and dumped waste
into it.
• The collection by AMC was done only along the main roads and frequency of collection was
once a week.


• Sanitation
• Water supply
• Road
• Drainage

Appendix 11.6
FGD AT KASHIPUR / SECTOR 3
Profile of Participants: The participants comprised mostly of slum dwellers and

people form low-income groups. The total number of participants was 34.

Water Supply
• The respondents said that only 5 percent had Phed connections. None of the participants from
the slum areas had PHED piped water supply. They informed that the PHED had installed
hydrants along the main roads. the participants complained that the water had high iron content.
• Participants expressed the desire to have individual piped water connections. The people
including the slum dwellers expressed willingness to pay INR 20-30 per month for pure water.
• The participants informed that most of the houses could afford to have individual hand pumps,
as water table in the area was quite high.
Sewerage
• None of the participants had a sewerage system of any kind. None of them had bathing facility
and bathed in the open at ponds, or hand pumps or in the river.
• The people from slums expressed the need for community toilets. However; they also
expressed inability to pay for urban services.
Drainage
• The people informed that water logging took place on an average for 2-3 hoursduring heavy
rains. Sometimes the river Haora flooded and people living on the riverbed had to evacuate their
homes and take shelter in the local school.
Transportation
The participants expressed the need of improvement in the following sections:
• Widening of road form Chandrapur to Khayarpur via Mariam Nagar.Length 6 kms
• Widening on Assam -Agartal Road near house of Makhan Debnath to house of Narayan Shah
Kashipur via house of Sharon Dey.Length –2 kms
• Widening of road and provision of drain (no drain presently) On Assam Agartal Road, Form
Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road via Daspara. Length – 2-1/2 kms.
• Widening of Assam Agartala Road, Form
near Sherwali point to Haridas Das house.
Length- 1 km.
• On Assam- Agartala Road, From Petrol
Pump to Sudhir Shah’s House. Length- 1 km.
• People informed that none of the roads
acting as feeder roads to the NH were
electrified.

• It was informed that there was no solid waste
collection in the area either by the AMC or
FGD in progress at 7.30 am in the morning
any NGO. People said they dumped waste
openly in the river or in pits dug for the purpose.


It was found out that the priorities of participants who were slum dwellers varied
from the other low income group people.
Lower income groups Slum dwellers
• Public sewerage system • Sewerage-community toilets
• Water supply • Roads and Drainage
• Roads and Drainage including street • Water Supply
lighting.
• Solid Waste Management • Solid Waste Management

Appendix 11.7
FGD AT CHANDANINAMORA
Profile of Participants
About 30 percent of participants were

slum dwellers. All of them were women.8
of the participants held BPL cards and
informed that they were not aware of any
schemes that would benefit them. None
of them was the recipient of SJSRY. One
of the participants informed that she has
been allocated a tin sheet for roofing
under some scheme while four of the
Participants in FGD at Chandaninamora
participants were beneficiaries of the
Indira Awas Yojna. About 5 of the participants were availing of the National Old
Pension scheme.

Water Supply
• It was informed that none of the participants had piped water supply in their house and all
participants relied on hand pumps and water hydrants installed by the AMC on roadsides.
• Only few of the participants owned hand pumps. The people informed that iron content was very
high in the water. They further informed that water source was on an average at a distance of
250m from their house.
• They however were not satisfied with the insufficient quantity of water. People expressed
willingness to pay for piped water supply. However they expressed inability to pay more than
INR 20 per month.
Sewerage
• Almost 60 percent of the participants mentioned that they had pit latrines but none of them had
bathing facility. People bathed in the open at ponds or at hand pump.
• On being explained about the public sewerage system, the participants readily expressed their
desire to have one. However, they expressed after a lot of contemplation their inability to pay
more than INR 10 per month.
• After ascertaining the inability of the participants to pay for sewerage system they were asked
about acceptance of community toilets. The participants failed to reach at a consensus on the
willingness to use community toilets citing lack of civic sense among other users and space
constraints for the toilet among other reasons.
• The slum dwellers amongst the participants expressed willingness to have community toilets.
However they expressed reluctance to maintain the toilets themselves. They also wanted
assurance on assured water supply in the toilets.
• On putting forth the question whether they would pay a token sum to AMC for upkeep of the
community toilets, as they were unwilling to do so, they agreed to pay INR 5-10 per month.
Earlier they had refused to pay for the service and later traded the issue of maintenance of the
block by the community with the aspect of payment.
Drainage
• Participants informed of water logging and flooding instances in Chandaninmora.

Transportation
• Participants said there was no electrification along the\feeder roads and asked or the same to
be improved. They put forth the following proposals for Transportation.
- Drainage improvement of road from Motbari to ICDC center Chandaninamora South.
- Drainage improvement and blacktopping of road from Netaji Club to Paddyland. Length- .5-
.7 kms
- Road from Harijan Colony via Chandaninamora to Usha Bazaar. Length- 6 ms wide.
• People expressed readiness to relocate for widening the road and for sake of development in
their area.

• Participants informed that there was no collection service either by the AMC or by any NGO in
the area. They dug pits and dumped garbage in it. Once the pit filled up they covered it and dug
another pit for use. They also admitted to dumping garbage in the open drains along roads.

• Sewerage (toilets-Bathing space)
• Drainage
• Water supply (iron free)
• Roads
• Solid waste

Appendix 11.8
MEETING WITH MS. CHAMPA DASGUPTA, chairperson, Tripura State
Commission for Women

Gender
• The following gender issues were discussed
- Critical lack of civic services impact women adversely. These include water supply problem,
unorganized slums with very poor/no sanitation and poor drainage.
- Adverse impacts on health of women (59% of women)
- Lack of awareness amongst women.
- Violence against women, dowry, etc is present.
• From the discussions it was also identified that there are positive trends existing that can form
the underlying basis of gender development such as,
- Increased participation of women in decision making
- Promotion of awareness amongst the poor women by women activists
- Caste is not an important factor in the areas. There is social equality.
• The critical areas identified for gender development include,
- Awareness of women regarding their rights including social, political and economic;
- Sensitization of the community.
• At the micro level, two types of organizations functions. One, the self help groups that work for
economic development of women and two, the NGOs that work for social up liftman.

Appendix 11.9
CONSULTATION WITH STATE INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Profile of the Institute:

State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development (SIPARD) is a
composite training institute for public administration and rural development in
Tripura. The Institute has come into existence in the year 1993 and since then it
has involved in organizing training programmes for State government officials,
representatives of PRIs, and members of NGOs etc. working in the State.
The State Institution for Public Administration and Rural Development conducts
gender training for empowerment of women. It accords training to member of Self
Help Groups for employment generation and for monitoring SHG activities. It has
delved in length in three gender specific areas, namely:
• Crime against women,
• Women empowerment and
• Micro credit.

• SIPAAD holds the following perceptions regarding involvement of women:
- Involvement of women possible as literacy rates in the city are high and the institutional
structure of self-help groups are functioning.
- Women should be involved in sensitization.
- Encouraging income-generating activities in infrastructure related projects such as recycling
of plastics, vermicomposting, etc.
- Training for empowerment important;

Appendix 11.10
CONSULTATION WITH WOMEN COUNCILLORS
Profile of the participants: The participants consisted of members of the elected

representatives of AMC which consisted Vidya Sagar Slum , Self Help groups,
women from Lichubagan and Radha Nagar.

Participants from Vidya Sagar Slum raised the following issues:
• Water Supply
• Coverage of water supply pipeline limited in the city;
• Drinking water availability is a major problem;Areas such as Chandmari and Indranagar have
pressing water supply problem.
Members of the Self Help groups voiced the following opinions on Water
Supply:
• Availability of water supply is not same in all areas of the city. Water supply network is not
present for all areas of the city.
• Poor groundwater quality with high iron content. Diarrhea, skin diseases, etc are common in the
city.
• Treated water reaches to very few areas in the city.
• 30% of the slum population depends directly on the river for bathing, washing, etc. Besides
being unhygienic it is also a social problem. Bathing facilities should be provided in the slum
areas that could include community bathrooms or bathing platforms specifically for women.
• Sanitation is a major issue in slum areas. Most households only have a dry latrine that is non-
functional for most of the time.
• Waste is dumped on roads or drains in most of the city. Several areas in the city have very
narrow lanes, where the municipal waste collection trucks cannot enter.
• Door to door collection initiated by the AMC is not implemented.
• Unhygienic conditions are created due to waste being dumped on the roadside and along the
drains.
Participants from Lichubagan discussed on Perception of Poverty:

• People who are poor usually have a BPL card. But there are several households that do not
have a BPL card but earn very less (around Rs. 400-500/month). The women said that they
would like to form a self help group for such households.
• Income Generation activities
• The women felt that they do not get good value for money due to improper marketing. The raw
materials are also very highly priced.
• Involvement in project
• Expressed keen interest in participation in the project, if adequate training could be provided.
The areas of participation could be operation and maintenance activities in water supply and
sanitation sectors.
Women from Radha Nagar

• Water supply, sewerage and sanitation and slum upgradation were the key issues.

Appendix 11.11
CONSULTATION WITH TRIPURA ADIVASI MAHILA SAMITI
Stakeholder Profile:
The Tripura Adivasi Mahila Samiti is an NGO engaged in the following activities:
Forming and Training Self Help Groups

in activities such income generation,
lending, sanitation, hygiene etc.
The predominant tribal areas in

Agartala include Krishnanagar,
Abhoynagar and Banmdipur.
Office bearers of the NGO-AkashDeep
Consultation Findings/Issues :
• Tribal women are mainly housewives;
• There is constant immigration of tribals to the city
• Major issue impacting women is poverty;
• Sanitation and hygiene are major issues;
• Dumping of solid waste in rivers;
• The SHGs should be strengthened. Training of such SHGs is must.
• The SHGs formed are mainly for the Below Poverty Line families, although all the BPL
cardholders are not necessarily poor.
• Violence against women is present in urban areas.
• Tribal women have on the whole progressed.

• Sewerage (toilets-Bathing space)
• Drainage
• Water supply (iron free)
• Solid waste
• Roads

Appendix 11.12
FGD WITH AKASH DEEP, NGO INVOLVED IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
NGO Profile
• Established in Dec 2004
• Members - 12 nos
• Collection area in 3 wards- 3, 6
• Percentage coverage- 80 %
• Collection workers- 18 nos
• Collection vehicle-19 Tricycles provided by the AMC(one tricycle provided for 200 households)
• Total families in ward 3 area-2500. Complete coverage in ward 3.
Other NGOs operating in the Area

• Ward 16- 2 NGO’s
• Ward 6- 2
• Collection Charge taken from each family- INR 20
• Collection Charge taken from BPL family- Nil
• Collection Charges taken from low-income groups- INR 10
• Income of office bearers –700 per month.
• Income of collector- 2000-2500 per month.
• Proposed participation in NERUDP- waste collection, awareness campaigns.

• Drainage
• Sewerage
• Water Supply
• Transportation

Appendix 11.13
INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT OF NGO – OPEN NATIONAL
SOCIAL SCHEME (OPEN NSS)
Profile of the NGO

The NGO is active in the realm of Solid
Waste Management
• Area of Intervention-Solid Waste
Management
• Area of Operation- Ward No –5,14,17
• Activities –Door to Door waste collection
and awareness campaign of cleanliness,
segregation of waste
Tricycle given by AMC to the NGO for
Waste collection
Activities of the NGO
Door-to-door Collection
• 75 percent of the households. Subscribe to door to door facility. Presently no collection is done
from commercial establishments. The NGO initiated door-to-door collection system for the entire
city but eventually restricted its operation to three wards of the city.
Charges for Waste Collection

• The NGO charges about INR 20 from each family and INR 50 from a multi family household .65
percent of the earnings from the waste collection are used in paying the collection staff. The
remaining is used for maintenance and upkeep of the waste collection vehicles.
Awareness Campaigns
• The president informed that the NGO organized regular meeting and program for elderly retired
people so that they could use their spare time to spread awareness about waste management
in the wards.
Waste Collection Infrastructure

• The NGO has been given few waste collection tricycles by the Agartala Municipal Council. They
receive no other remuneration from the council. The council had given one tricycle per 200
households whereas the president felt this was inadequate as one tricycle could serve only 125
households in a day.
Suggestions for Improvement/Intervention

The president remarked that it was important to develop civic sense and
awareness regarding solid waste management in the city population.
Problems being faced by the NGO

The NGO president mentioned that it was difficult finding labour for waste
collection, as the enumeration from the activity was not enough to sustain the
livelihood of the collector. He mentioned that the collector normally worked from 5
in the morning to 1-2 pm in the afternoon. A collector manages to collect waste
from 125 households against the 200 stipulated by the municipal council norms for
one tricycle. The reason was that the location of dustbin was about 1-1/2 km away

from the collection area. The income from the waste collected from 125
households was not enough to sustain the waste collector who normally did not
find any other employment in the latter part of the day.
Collection Team
The ward wise details of personnel involved in SWM are: -
• Ward No 5- 7 collectors, 2 supervisors
• Ward No 14-10 collectors, 3 supervisors
• Ward No 17- 7 collectors and 2 supervisors.
Consultation Findings/Issues:
Suitability of Design of Waste Collection Tricycle
• The present tricycle provided by the AMC consisted of a metal grid on which 6 small containers
could be placed .It was mentioned that the design was not satisfactory and that there needed to
be one container instead of 6 small ones. The reason being that the small tins could not hold
waste of large size or volume.
Willingness to Pay
• The People were not willing to pay more than INR 20 for waste collection.
Willingness to Segregate Waste

• He informed that in the present situation people were reluctant and even objected to segregate
waste. He mentioned that more efforts were needed to be taken to spread awareness on the
issue.
On Suitability of Waste for Composting

• The president informed that about 75 percent of the composition of garbage was biodegradable
in nature and 25 percent was inorganic . He suggested that a waste to energy (bio fuel) plant
could be set up for the city.
On Improvements in the Functioning of the AMC

• The President mentioned that the efficiency of waste collection was far from satisfactory in the
area where the municipal council functioned.
• He was of the view that privatization of solid waste management was the best solution as the
municipal council faced lots of labour union problems
• He further mentioned that the drainage issue which was so critical in the city which got flooded
with the slightest rains was a result of inefficient functioning of the AMC. He clarified that the silt
removed form drains was not disposed off but dumped along the drains, and eventually found
its way into the drains again.
On Proposed for Landfill Sites

• The President felt that the proposed landfill at Nandan Nagar was better as compared to the
one proposed at Nagichri. He attributed the reasons as better accessibility and safety. The
Nagichri area he mentioned was about only a km away from extremist active areas.

• Water Supply
• Drainage
• Sewerage
• SWM
• Transportation

Appendix 11.14
INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT OF MAHARAJ GANJ BAZAAR
SAMITI
(NGO Appointed by AMC for Collecting Commercial Waste in the Market Area)
Profile of the NGO

The NGO is appointed by AMC for collecting commercial waste in the Maharaj
Ganj Bazaar Area. It was formed in Dec 1993.The NGO collects commercial
waste from about 650 shops in the area. The NGO has about 8 collectors. The
NGO has 4 trolleys to collect waste. The timings of waste collection in the area
are from 9 am to 12 pm. About INR 20/- are charged per shop for waste collection.
Vegetable vendors are charged INR 10/- per month .The NGO President informed
that the Pollution Control Board had banned use of polythenes in the market. The
President informed that about 60 percent of the market area was covered by its
service.
It was informed that the collectors were paid INR 66 per day as wages and were
hired on daily wage basis. The NGO receives no grant form the Agartala
Municipal Council to carry out its operations.
Consultation Findings/Issues
Water Supply
• The President emphasized that a water supply system for the whole city was urgently required.
He asked for more tube wells to be dug to draw water.
Sanitation
Drainage
• Widening of the existing drains of the Market area.

• Provision of adequate facilities for SWM workers such as brooms, wheelbarrows etc. The NGO
asked for creation of more landfill sites through the NERUDP.
Traffic and Transportation

• All the roads passing through market areas needed to be widened.

• Water Supply
• Traffic and Transportation
• Drainage
• Slum Upgradation
• Sewerage

Appendix 11.15
SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED IN AGARTALA
(a) Meeting held with Chief Minister and other officials

Issues discussed and outcome of Consultations
• Explaining of JNNURM objectives and work program
• Reconnaissance visit to city
• Discussions with Agartala Municipal Council and other line department such as PWD, PHED,
etc to understand their priorities and felt needs
• Address the meeting with members of AMC – explaining the project and its components
• Request for assistance and support to the team during the course of the assignment
(b) Meeting with women councilors of Agartala Municipal Council

Issues discussed and outcome of consultations
Education of Women
The Women Councilors mentioned that higher education for women was an issue
in the city. Other problems included dropouts and average education of women
was upto Class VIII only.
Employment
Employment for women was not an issue. Women have as much access to
employment as men. Men do not discourage women from work. The women in
slums work mainly as domestic maid, daily wage labour etc. Women are
physically and mentally stressed, as they have to do both housework and also
have to earn their livelihood.
Role of women in the Project

The Councilors queried about their role in the project as they felt that NERUDP is
primarily an engineering and technical project. Specifically, they asked about the
role of women in the project. In response, they were told that women could be
involved in the planning and implementation of the project. Women could be
involved in the construction phase as laborers.
Differential Wage Rates for Women

Mention was made of the differential wage rates for men and women. While
women are paid only INR 70-100/day, men are paid around INR 120/day as
labour in building construction.
Access to Banks, Loans for Self Employment

Access to bank loans for setting up self-employment ventures is not easily
available.
Involvement of Women in Project

Knowledge and awareness generation about the project is required by the
women. Only then, the training needs of women can be thought of. However,

training is required for women for taking up any economic activity. The existing
self-help groups can be involved in project. Also, some women’s groups can also
be involved.
(c) Consultations with Urban Administrative Departments by Sector

Issues discussed and outcome of consultations
Water Supply
• Planned site visits in consultation with other officials of PHED and Municipal Corporation
• Proposals for improvements in water supply,
• Overall approach to selection of sub projects in water supply, sewerage and drainage and solid
waste management
• Likely sub projects in the fields of water supply, sanitation, drainage and solid waste
management
• Status of water connections, revenue realization and role of AMC in sectors of water supply,
sanitation, and storm water drainage and solid waste management.
• Plans of AMC to implement storm water drainage project
• Site visits to river intakes, treatment plants, supply reservoirs, iron removal plants, proposed site
of intake on Gomti river and route of proposed pipeline
• Storm water drainage scheme, progress of its implementation and future proposed works
• Site visits to various drainage channels and areas prone to inundation
Sewerage
• Existing sewerage and drainage pattern of the city
• Disposal of Sewerage system of Agartala
• NBCC proposal for sewage facility in slum area along rivers and its financing
• Disposal of septic tank effluents
• Present functioning of AMC for managing septic tank system
• NBCC proposal and NERUDP proposal to be complement each other.
• Zoning for Sewerage system for Agartala
• Location of STP for sewerage system
• Visit to Radha slum and other areas and study of sewage system.

• Approach to Solid Waste Management in the project
• Existing solid waste management in Agartala and problems encountered by AMC.
• Existing SWM in the residential, commercial and institutional areas.
• Discussion on Fleet details and disposal of wastes
• Information on existing secondary data procured.
• Environmental status report prepared by the Tripura Pollution Control Board (TPCB). Focus on
the amount and type of industrial, hazardous and biomedical waste generate in the city
• Subprojects and costs involved.
• Visit to Disposal site
• Discussion on detail design of the compost plant
• Detailed information on waste coming from the Hospitals/Nursing homes, Hotels and
Restaurant, Markets and commercial areas.
• Functioning of NGOs collecting wastes in market and residential areas
Traffic and Transportation

• City level traffic issues
• Projects for improvement of traffic and transportation.
• Briefing on traffic surveys to be carried out in Agartala.
• Collection of maps and secondary database for the city
• Role of traffic police in solving problems related to traffic.
• Acquired information about the traffic management schemes adopted in city
• Acquired information about the growth of vehicles in Agartala
• Site visit to various projects of road widening and improvement and other urban transport
projects

Environment and Social Assessment

• Discussions with the SPCB on the availability of information pertaining to environment for the
city, especially on the water quality of the Haora and Khatakhal, the issues pertaining to solid
wastes and the flooding of the city.
• Information sought on the air quality for the city.
• Site Visits to roads being proposed to be taken up for proposed ADB funding.
• Site visits to Haora and Khatakhal rivers, visits to slums along the rivers, interactions with the
slum dwellers at Radha nagar
Site Visit
• Visit to water Treatment Plant at College Tilla and Bardoli.
• Visit to Iron removal plants located in different part of city.
• Visit to existing dumping ground at Hapania and visit to the compost plant under construction at
Hapania.
• Visits to sites of construction of roadside / storm water drains being undertaken by NBCC
• Visit to bus terminals under construction
Issues raised and outcomes of consultations

• Existing proposal for solid waste disposal
• Environmental protection and precautions to be taken with respect to the proposal.
• Discussion on biodiversity rich area, Chandmari,
• Hapani Dumping area- Appropriate site for conversion into forest area
• Area between Anadnagar and Pratopgarh
• Heritage trees;of Agortola :Bottola, Kar Choumani , Meher Kali Bari,Borgola kaligari, Durga
Chumani, Marchamani,Basudev Asram
• Project of Forest dept. (a) Kunjaban- eco-park (4 hc) (b) Jubilee park (5 Hc)
• Mandate of the ICAR, for Agartala region.
• Bio-resource identification, site specific development of the technology and develop state of the
art for the region.
• Varieties of crops and fruits available in the region
• Discussion on College tilla rich in biodiversity, in Forested and wetland areas
• Discussion on Project site: New intake with infiltration gallery at Both intake (college tilla)
(d) Urban Development

• Project components and the support required from the Government of Tripura.
• Review of Landuse map of Greater Agartala and Greater Agartala Development Plan.
• Policies pertaining to land-use, buying and selling of land, etc.
• Urban expansion and mechanism of urban development planning.
• Site visit for assessing the Landuse of the project city, and update of Landuse map
• Information pertaining to land records, ownership of land, land costs, process of land transfer /
acquisition.
• Information pertaining to property tax, shop and establishment tax, non-agricultural permission
charges, registration fee, stamp fee, development charges, etc.
• Collection of documents - Town Planning Act, Revenue Code, Land allotment Act Rent Control
Act, Stamp Act
• Request to include he heritage conservation component as a part of the project
• Conceptual transportation plan for the city
• Discussion on need for sewerage system and the costs involved
• Discussion on infrastructure development priorities of the government.
• Discussion on conceptual transportation plan for Agartala city.
• Discussion on creating separate solid waste department within the AMC
• Discussion on lining of Akhura Drain from Akhura check post till Secretariat-Discussion load
carrying capacity of the lining if a slab were to be cast on the drain to provide space for
movement of NMT and Three wheelers auto rickshaws over the covered drain
• Use of concrete works in areas prone to flooding
• Need to connect peripheral areas with the core areas
• Measures adopted by consultants to reduce high iron content in water
• Discussion on “Swajaal Dhara Scheme where government was able to recover 10% of capital
cost and entire O&M by community amounting around 2 crores rupees.

(e) Urban Governance

• Role of UDD with respect to urban projects
• Role of AMC in management of water supply, sewerage, roads, storm water drains, street
lighting etc
• Economic policies of Government of Tripura.
• Ongoing and proposed infrastructures investments
• Implication of Border Trade Policy
• Revised administrative boundaries of Agartala
• Urban local bodies and their area of jurisdiction
• Development works proposed by other agencies
• Expectations with respect to street lighting from the project.
• Land management issues in Tripura
• Tribal rights over land-present situation
• Validity of Land Acquisition act in Tripura
• Expectations with respect to street lighting from the project
• Availability of remote sensing data for the state
• New power corporation and the reform process in this sector, (earlier Power Department
functioned in the State).
• Mandate of the Power Corporation and the working of the same. Information regarding
existence of the one man Regulatory Commission.
• Aspirations of the Power corporation from the infrastructure viewpoint, that all cabling would be
preferred to be underground both for safety and aesthetics.
• Application of the Central Acts in Land Acquisition, Forest and Environment.
• New legislations are being contemplated in view of the impending development projects and
whether open to new legislation if need be. The first was answered in the negative and the latter
in the affirmative
• Reconnaissance visits of the city
(f) Municipal Finance and Financial Analysis/Economic Analysis

• Discussion on and collection of information related to population and growth trends, economic
base of the city, physical growth directions, etc.
• Economic policies of Government of Tripura.
• Development triggers in the state and city
• Ongoing and proposed infrastructures investments
• Implication of Border Trade Policy
• financial statements from the AMC
• Understanding of the financial positions

12. C
Ciittyy S
SWWO
OTTA
Asssseessssm
meen
ntt
12.1. INTRODUCTION
Assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a city forms a
basis for preparation of a relevant city development plan. A city level SWOT
analysis has been done in this chapter based on an assessment of the status of
various sectors of the city. The chapter has been divided into four sections each
describing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.
The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for the state of Tripura
towards achievement of this vision are outlined in Box 12.1. The preparation of the
CDP for Agartala and the formulation of the Vision for Agartala integrates the
various aspects covered in SWOT analysis.
Box 12.1: DEVELOPED TRIPURA: SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weaknesses
• Fruit and horticulture industry. • Poor and inadequate infrastructure for
• Rubber, tea and bamboo industry. industrial development.
• High literacy levels • Large chunk of the population below
• International borders and potential for poverty line
trade with Bangladesh. • Inadequate fund availability to cater to
• Agro-climatic conditions for diversified infrastructure development and harnessing
cropping of the natural resource potential
• Rich biodiversity • Absence of state-of-the-art educational and
• Huge potential for natural gas and health facilities
mineral oil • Inadequate road and public transport
• Handloom and textiles, Tourism and IT system and basic infrastructure.
sector • Lack of basic infrastructure inhibiting
• One of the highest rainfall states and potential opportunities for economic growth
abundant fertile land • Locational disadvantage and linkages with
• Improved connectivity – air, rail and the rest of the country
telecom.
Opportunities Threats
• High growth rate of industrialization • Any further delays in developments of
• Organic farming for international markets infrastructure shall hamper
• Timber and non-timber forest products. - the growth potential and opportunities
• Attracting future investment from big - investments in key sectors
industrial houses. - Capitalizing on the opportunities created
• Horticulture and agro-processing due to border trade etc.
• Mineral and other natural resources
• International trade regimes
• Physical proximity to ASEAN countries
• Development of Ashuganj port in
Bangladesh (30km away from Agartala)
shall provide opportunities for better
transportation of goods and marketing of
products.
The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.
Strengths
Agartala is the capital city of Tripura. Being the seat of administrative power, it is
the center of administrative, economic and political activities. The city has several
12-1
b
Government of Tripura Urban Development Department

strengths. These have been outlined in Table 12-1. The strengths related to the
sectors include location and regional linkage, tourism, trade and commerce,
traditional arts and crafts and state reforms.
Table 12-1: Agartala City Strengths

Sectors Strengths
Location & Linkages • Being the capital of the state, Agartala is the main
administrative, center of Tripura.
• National Highway 44 connects Agartala to Assam and rest of
India by road.
• Agartala is also connected by air, and the rail connectivity is
expected to be operational soon.
• National highway 44 has been extended to south, thus
improving the road connectivity between Agartala & south
Tripura.
• Good connectivity in terms of telecommunications.
Trade & Commerce • Locally made handicrafts of bamboo products
• Border trade with Bangladesh
• Increasing import export activity
• Tourism
• Fruit and horticulture industry.
• Handloom and textiles
Traditional Arts & Crafts • Strong traditional art & craft production.
State Reforms • Presence of a number of development bodies & NGOs
• Implementation of 74 CAA in true spirit
Others • Rich History and Cultural Heritage
• Rich in natural resource base
Weaknesses
The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure, urban growth,
conservation, environment, slums, and institutional capacity. The details of these
sectors for each of these sectors have been given Table 12-2. These weaknesses
need to be worked on for the city.
Table 12-2: Agartala City Weakness

Sectors Weaknesses
Infrastructure • Poor and inadequate basic urban infrastructure
• Road Encroachment, Poor Traffic Management &
Inadequate public transportation
• Very poor drainage system and vulnerability to flooding
• Poor solid waste management
• Inadequate public conveniences
Urban Growth • Haphazard unregulated growth of the city
• High population density within AMC area
• Lack of mechanisms for enforcement of development
controls and byelaws.
• Lack of a plan for regulating land uses and development, in
the GAPA
Trade and Commerce • Poor infrastructure constraining the growth potentials in
trade and commerce
Conservation • Funding constraints to take up conservation and maintenance
of the places of historic importance
Environment • Vulnerability due to poor drainage
• Poor infrastructure and living condition
Slums • Increasing levels of poverty & inadequate coverage of
poverty alleviation programs
• Poor infrastructure facilities
Institutional capacity • Training and capacity building of the officials of the AMC
and state agencies on best practices in urban
development.

Opportunities
The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main
opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state
initiated reforms and heritage. These have been detailed in Table 12-3.
Table 12-3: Agartala City Opportunities

Sectors Opportunities
Economic competitiveness • Attracts many potential developers in the economic & industrial
sectors
• Border Trade
• Vibrant Tourism
Proposed Projects • Improve infrastructure facilities-Water supply, Drainage,
Transportation, Sanitation,
• Create enabling infrastructure to form a base to attract
investment, especially from the private sector
• Improve Quality of life
• Carry out reforms, institutional, financial to ensure
sustainability of infrastructure created
State urban reforms • Enforce Building By laws and other related development
laws
• Focus on provision of basic services to the poor
Heritage • Rich heritage attracts tourists.
• Local crafts - great opportunity for attracting businesses &
shoppers
Threats
The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed
adequately might pose as threats for development of the city in the future. These
are detailed out in Table 12-4.
Table 12-4: Agartala City Threats

Sectors Threats
Infrastructure • Poor infrastructure which is a threat to ensuring good
quality of life
• Any further delays in planning for regulated development
shall result in unplanned growth which may not be
sustainable in the GAPA.
Institutional and fiscal • Inadequate capacity building results in non-implementation
reforms of reforms
• Inadequate Fiscal reforms for carrying out projects &
provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner

13. P
Prriio
orriittiizzaattiio
onno
off IIssssu
ueess
13.1. INTRODUCTION
Prioritization responses were given for the entire infrastructure issues based on
the consultations held with the stakeholders, including the communities, the
elected representatives, apart from the various government agencies etc. Based
on the prioritization by the communities, discussions were held amongst the
various Government Agencies and the AMC and priorities worked out. This
chapter also presents the priorities as identified, after consensus and discussions,
by the State Level Steering Committee.
13.2. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES - COMMUNITIES

This section presents the prioritization of issues as expressed by the communities
during the consultation process during the preparation of the CDP. Table 13-1
shows that Sewerage issues have got maximum responses and top priority. Water
supply is the infrastructure issues that need to be addressed in terms of quality,
quantity and frequency of supply.
Water supply and roads sector has got the second most responses for
interventions needed after sewerage sector. However in terms of ranking it has
been accorded second and third place
The quality of the present service delivery and significance of the service can be
adjudged from the prioritization of issues and the responses accorded to each
sector by the stakeholders. Table 13-1 lists the priority ranking accorded during
consultations
Table 13-1: Priority Ranking given to Infrastructure Issues

Sector
Water Supply 2 4 1 1 8
Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9
Drainage 2 4 1 2 7
Roads 1 1 3 3 8
SWM 1 2 2 5
From above Table 13-1, it is clear that people not responding for some of the
issues do not consider the issue to be of importance. Hence the non-responses
for each of the sector have been added to the Priority No 6 column for that sector.
For example. If for a sector, 10 responses have been given out of a total of 14.
The reminder 4 responses would be added to the last ranking column (Priority No
6). Accordingly this would be done for all the sectors. Table 13-2 shows the
revised priority ranking.
Table 13-2: Revised Priority Responses

Sector
Water Supply 2 4 1 1 1 9


Sector
Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9
Drainage 2 4 1 2 9
Roads 1 1 3 3 1 9
SWM 1 2 2 4 9
Note-Figures against sectors and below rank columns denote the no of responses for the sector at that rank.
Table 13-3 shows the responses (from Table 13-2) converted into percentage.
The overall priority community has been worked out by assigning weights to the
responses by rank.
Table 13-3: Responses by percentage for each ranking

Sector 1 2 3 4 5 6
Water Supply 22.22 44.44 11.11 11.11 0.00 11.11
Sewerage 44.44 11.11 33.33 0.00 11.11 0.00
Drainage 22.22 44.44 11.11 22.22 0.00 0.00
Roads 11.11 11.11 33.33 33.33 0.00 11.11
SWM 0.00 0.00 11.11 22.22 22.22 44.44
Land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Weight Assigned 6 5 4 3 2 1
Assigning weights of 6 for Rank 1, 5 for Rank 2 and so on the weighted total for
each sector is given in Table 13-4.
Table 13-4: Weighted Scores and final ranking

Sector
Water Supply 133.33 222.22 44.44 33.33 0.00 11.11 2
Sewerage 266.67 55.56 133.33 0.00 22.22 0.00 1
Drainage 133.33 222.22 44.44 66.67 0.00 0.00 2
Roads 66.67 55.56 133.33 100.00 0.00 11.11 4
SWM 0.00 0.00 44.44 66.67 44.44 44.44 5
Land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Based on the final scores, the overall priority ranking from the
consultations is as follows:
• Sewerage
• Water supply and drainage.
• Transportation
• Solid Waste Management.
13.2.1. Influence of Gender on Prioritization of Issues
The priorities expressed by women have been found to differ from those of men in
the consultations. Women have been found to hold different priorities as far as
urban infrastructure development is concerned. Access to sanitation facilities/
toilets and water supply has come across as the priority need against drainage
and improvement of roads as priority issues by men. It is likely that the priority
ranking has been influenced by the majority of women participants in the Focus
Group Discussions as the following Table 13-5 shows:

Table 13-5: Composition of Participants in FGDs by Gender.

Sl. No Consultation held at: Total Participants Male Female
1 Lichubagan, Chandaninamora 32 4 28
2 Ward No 11 33 5 28
3 Joginder Nagar Sector 7 27 1 26
4 Rampur, Ward No 8 15 7 8
5 Nandan Nagar, Sector 2 24 11 13
6 Kashipur, Sector 3 34 25 9
7 Rajnagar, Sector 4 28 3 25
In the meetings it was observed that women are moving towards change in terms
of education, or towards financial independence. In several of the meetings the
women informed that they had formed self help groups while several had learnt to
read and write under Total Literacy Campaign (TLC).
13.2.2. Water Supply
People have expressed dissatisfaction over the present quality and quantity of
water supply in all consultations. All participants expressed desire to have a
reliable water supply system. The quantity of iron in the water is the biggest
concern as far as water supply is concerned. It also needs to be noted here that
water table in the city is very shallow and hence hand pumps can be installed at
low costs. The improvements sought for water supply are:
• Removal of iron from water
• Improvement of frequency and quantity of water supply.
• Provision of water stand posts in slums
• Provision of piped water supply
• Provision of Overhead Tanks (OHTs)
13.2.3. Sewerage
Sewerage system in Agartala comprises predominately of pit latrines and septic

tanks. Surprisingly majority of people, even those owning houses, do not have
enclosed bathing spaces. People including women bathe at the hand pumps or at
tanks and ponds. Women have strongly emphasized the need for toilets and
enclosed bathing facility. Lower income group and those residing near the rivers;
use the water body for bathing as well as daily ablutions.
Majority of the participants are unaware of a public sewerage system. People on

being explained about the merits of a public sewerage system have expressed
willingness to use the system. The desire to have a public sewerage system has
been expressed not only in the areas within municipal limits but also in the newly
added areas or the sectors. However, it is also apparent that most of them cannot
afford to pay for the service or expressed inability to pay more than INR 10-20 per
month.
13.2.4. Drainage
Almost in all meetings the participants have expressed concern about the
drainage situation in the city. The poor drainage is due to the bowl like shape of
the core city area bounded by the embankments of the Katakhal on one side and
the Haora on the other. A few minutes of rain can flood most of the areas of the
city. Drainage improvement is one of the priority improvements needed as far as
urban infrastructure is concerned.
13.2.5. Slum Upgradation
Most of the low-income group areas visited experience slum like conditions
primarily due to the deplorable condition of drainage and roads and lack of
sanitary facilities. Residents of these areas have identified provision of toilets,
hand pumps as the key increments as part of infrastructure up gradation. They
have even expressed willingness to pay for maintenance of community toilets but
are unwilling to maintain these facilities themselves.
13.2.6. Solid Waste Management
In all the consultations conducted, SWM gets the lowest priority ranking amongst
all infrastructure issues. This ranking does not undermine the need the SWM;
rather it highlights the high significance of other basic issues like water supply,
drainage, sewerage and roads. Garbage is disposed by people in open drains or
small pits. Thus improvement of drainage infrastructure is linked to improved
SWM. The community has expressed willingness to pay up to INR 10-20 for waste
collection facility. Slum dwellers and lower income group people have expressed
inability to pay for SWM.
One of the most heartening aspects related to SWM in the city is the proactive
role of NGOs in waste collection. Several NGO’s have been hired by the AMC to
collect garbage in several wards of the city. The role of NGOs is restricted to
collecting waste and putting it into the AMC dustbins from where it is carried by
the AMC to landfill sites. The NGO have been provided with waste collection
tricycles by the AMC.
One of the NGO’s, the Open NSS on being asked about the suitability of the
proposed landfill sites, remarked that Nagichara being located close to extremist
active areas could hamper the functioning of the landfill site. Presently the waste
collection service of the AMC is not extended to all areas especially the newly
added areas. There is apparently a huge gap between the need and supply of
service. Lacks of manpower, collection machinery, dustbins etc are among the
key issues that need to be addressed.
13.2.7. Traffic and Transportation
There is apparently a need and demand for improvement of road infrastructure

and Traffic management in the city. Participants have raised the need for
widening, rehabilitation of feeder roads in all the meetings. Need for better road
infrastructure figures among the key demands in consultations.
13.2.8. Social Inhibition over use of Community Toilets.
The community including the slum dwellers has expressed reluctance to share
community toilets. Lack of civic sense among users has been cited as the reason.
Even in slums, where people cannot afford to own individual toilets, they have
expressed unwillingness to use community toilets. On being asked whether they
would be willing to maintain the toilets if the project builds toilets for them, they
expressed unwillingness to do so. However, after a lot of discussion they finally
agreed to pay a nominal charge to the AMC (Agartala Municipal council) for
maintenance of the toilets.

The provision of community toilets as part of slum up gradation needs to be

supported by a management mechanism and community education efforts, which
ensures that toilets are maintained hygienically, otherwise, it is likely that use of
community sanitary facilities would be discarded sooner or later.
13.3. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES – SLSC

The prioritization of issues as obtained from the communities was discussed
during the SLSC meetings1. Based on further discussions and assessment of the
felt needs of the communities, a prioritization for the city as a whole was worked
out. Accordingly the priority needs for Agartala are:
• Roads and transportation;
• Drainage and Sewerage;
• Water supply; and,
• Solid wastes management.
1
During the meetings held on 2nd June and on 15th June 2006, under the chairmanship of the Honorable Chief
Minister, Tripura. The meetings were attended by all members of the SLSC apart from representatives of the AMC
and various Government Departments of GoT.
14. C
Ciittyy V
Viissiio
onn
14.1. AGARTALA CITY VISION
Given these demonstrated capabilities of the city and its governments and the
conviction of the city and state government that infrastructure development,
proposed as part of this plan, will open up vast opportunities for the city
development and spur its growth, the city has embarked upon a major plan.
Making Agartala ‘gateway to North East India, an investor-friendly, eco-

friendly, green city and environmentally sustainable where people want to
live, visit and invest’ through:
• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving improved quality
of life by 2021;
• Develop all the water bodies and increase the green coverage of Agartala;
• Improve educational achievements for all the citizens;
• Alleviate poverty and improve living conditions and health.
Implementation of the plan entailing investments in key sectors like water supply,
sewerage, roads and bridges, will alter the face of Agartala in several significant
ways. Agartala will enjoy 100 per cent coverage and assured quality and quantity
of all core urban services by the terminal year 2012.
In the years to come, the city can look forward to better social and environmental
infrastructure: with the improved level of coverage of core services, the city plans
to direct its spending and endeavors on the social and environmental sectors, with
special accent on education and health. The city’s economic development would
receive a fillip with these improvements planned by AMC with the support by the
Government of India and the Government of Tripura..
To give shape to the vision for the city, the city government have drawn up
concrete project plans for different sectors like water supply, education,
environment, health, employment generation, and social amenities. The
realisation of this through the medium of these projects promises to transform
Agartala into a city of quality life’.
14.2. SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES
The vision for each of the sectors, their development strategies with respect their
issues have been detailed out (Table 14-1). The strategies aim at giving shape to
the envisioned goals for the city.
Table 14-1: Sector Goals and Strategies

Water Supply: • Non utilisation of optimum • Water Resource Management
To ensure access to capacity of the water • Extension of water Supply services to
assured and safe treatment plant; uncovered areas.
drinking and water to • Underproduction from • Cost Recovery Mechanism
all.
ground water; • Efficiency in Operation and
• High iron content in ground Maintenance- Replacement of old
water. machinery and network systems.
• High operation and • Capacity building of staff.

maintenance cost. • Reduce Transmission and Distribution
• High amount of Losses.
unaccounted for water • Efficiency in Service
(UFW), presently about • Delivery Streamlining Institutional
35% of production Responsibilities.
• Severely deteriorated
distribution system,
particularly in the older
parts of the city.
Sewerage and • Absence of sewerage • Provision of underground sewerage
Sanitation: system, system
To promote safe and • Direct disposal of sewage • Provision of household sewer connection
environmentally and effluent into drains and • Provision of public toilets to prevent
open spaces, open defecation.
friendly city by
• Open defecation
ensuring effective widespread.
treatment and • Lack of enclosed bathing
disposal of spaces in the slums and
wastewater and to low-income areas.
eradicate open
defecation.
Solid Waste • Waste collection limited to • Initiate house to house waste collection
Management: selected area. with source segregation;
To achieve • Inefficient waste collection • Provide mechanized storage bins;
environmentally and transportation. • Regular maintenance of the container
sustainable waste • No segregation of waste at bins;
source. • SWM coverage areas to be increased
management
• Waste Disposal not as per • Adopt segregation of biomedical waste
practice. Solid Waste Handling Rules with MSW.
2000. • Refuse vehicles shall be covered to
• Lack of awareness on reduce waste spillage during
hygiene practices. transportation.
• Provide bio-gas compost plant
Drainage: • Absence of proper drainage • Construction of lined drains along roads.
system. • Construction of embankments along
• Most of the drains unlined Katakhal River and Haora River
and choked with silt and • Rising of embankments along Katakhal
solid waste. River.
• Water logging and flooding
common during rainy
season.
Transportation: • Encroachments by vehicles • Capacity Building of existing public
To achieve a • Low operating speeds. transport system
transport facility • Congestion in the city. • Development of new bypass roads as
system that is • Inadequate parking space. arterials to decongest the city
Adequate, Safe, • Improper traffic • Development of an efficient road network
management in the northern & southern part of the city
Comfortable, and
• Poor public transportation to attract development
Equitable and is • Involvement of private players
system
Efficient and • Lack of pedestrian facilities • Road & Junction improvements
Sustainable. • Inadequate road capacity • Identification of designated parking
areas
• Develop traffic management system.
• Efficient Public Transport system
• Promoting Safe Pedestrian Movement.
Slum Upgradation: • Lack of basic urban • Provision of Basic Services to Urban
To provide access to infrastructure within the Poor.
housing and basic slums. • Providing opportunities for Income
infrastructure • Most of the slum population Generation.
engaged in low return • Improvement in Housing Condition
income generating • Slum Upgradation and Improvement
activities.
• Coverage in terms of target


population and target areas
of the slum upgradation and
poverty alleviation
programs insufficient.
• Lack of awareness among
the people about poverty
alleviation programmes.
Urban Environment: • Congestion & poor • Identify and develop norms for
To promote a infrastructure. ecologically fragile zones.
sustainable and • Contamination of water • Reduce pollution
congestion free along down streams. • Develop parks and water bodies
urban environment • Absence of sewerage • Conservation of architectural buildings
network leading to drains
with emphasis on acting as the conduits of
safe and livable city sewage disposal.
for present and future • Indiscriminate dumping of
generations. garbage and solid waste
into drains and open
spaces.
• Absence of parks and open
recreation spaces.
City Economic • Increasing marginalisation • Integrated tourism development plan
Development: & casualisation of labour. • Create organized commercial space for
To create a vibrant • High & rising levels of retail and wholesale markets
city with diversified unemployment
economic base. • Low levels of industrial
development.
• No organized commercial
spaces for retail markets
• Inadequate tourism
infrastructure
Urban Growth and • Severe congestion in the • Introduction of appropriate land
Land Management: core area specially the old Management Practices.
To achieve a municipality area with high • Implementation of land use plans.
coherent urban form density of population. • Preparation of land suitability
• Unplanned growth of the city assessment for the city.
with adequate open
without any landuse
& green space, high controls.
standards of • Lack of development
infrastructure and controls especially in the
effective land flood prone and low lying
management areas.
Urban Governance • Lack of accountability and • Training to enhance capacity building.
and Institutional transparency in functioning • Collective action especially in
Development: of AMC programmes for solid waste
To promote a city • Poor data base and management, water resource
information management management, and slum Upgradation.
managed with pro-
• No implementation of bye • People’s Participation in Governance
active institutions and laws
capable staff.

15. Prro
P nd
ojjeeccttss aan Caap
dC nvveessttm
piittaall IIn Pllaan
ntt P
meen n
15.1. INTRODUCTION
Within the framework of long-term vision set out for urban development of
Agartala explained in the previous chapter, this chapter presents sector wise
goals and projects. The projects by each sector have been identified based on
four criteria: (a) the priorities as identified by various stakeholders during the CDP
preparation process; (b) current and future demand and supply gaps estimated by
the project team; (c) the projects that have been identified to be taken up under
the proposed ADB funded NERUDP; and (d) projects that provide enabling
environment for new investors in Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA).
Accordingly, projects to achieve the envisaged vision in each of the sectors are
prioritized and included to be taken up under JNNURM.
15.2. WATER SUPPLY

Under the NERUDP, a master plan for improvement of the water supply has been
prepared. The projects identified as an immediate improvement requirement till
year 2011. The issues identified in the various aspects of the water supply in
Agartala in terms of source, treatment, distribution as well as operation of the
water supply service have been analysed in Table 15-1. The extent of addressal
of these issues under the ADB project has been assessed, and accordingly more
improvements measures have been identified to be taken up under the JNNURM
for the next five years. The details of project components envisaged to be
covered under JNNURM are given in Appendix 15.1.
Table 15-1: Action towards a Sustainable Water Supply Scheme - Agartala

Action Action to
Taken be Taken
Vision Issues Actions Required
Under under
NERUDP JNNURM
Water Production Capacity
To provide Present water production in Agartala The production capacity will be
24x7safe from all the sources is about 39.45 mld increased to 97 mld from 39.45 mld
drinking water to Present source of water from Haora with the augmentation measures
the community River and 49 Tube. proposed under ADB project. Since 9
pumping hours will be increased from
usual 4- 5 hours to 22 hours where it is
expected that the frequency of failure of
DTW would be at the rate 3 per year,
hence 15 DTW has been taken into 9 9
account to overcome this problem for
five years.
Certain areas where the capacity of IRP

has been sliced down due to limited
scope of the project under ADB,
requires balance capacity to be added.

Action Action to
Taken be Taken
Vision Issues Actions Required
Under under
NERUDP JNNURM
Existing WTP is underutilized leading
to supply of untreated water. There is Adequate provision is made for
no water treatment or disinfection construction of Intake structures at 9
facility. The raw water at the main College tilla as it is found to be highly
treatment plant is not filtered. This dilapidated conditions; moreover the
leads to supply of poor water quality to existing pumps are inbuilt in the floor,
which is found to be unsound
the consumers.
structurally to reinforce it further by
rehabilitation to bring it back to normal.
9 9
Increase the present water storage
capacity possibly through the
construction of reservoirs.
Water Distribution and household connections:
The present distribution is very poor Replacement of bunched connections 9 9
and the pipelines are very old. Many with sub-main connections.
pipeline are affected due to
incrustation. Many of these are deeply Phase wise increase in service 9 9
buried under building structures. coverage and increase metered
PHED has initiated metered connections by 2011.
connections and at present there are
22000-metered connection out of the Increase the service coverage and 9
total 292000 connections. metered connection to areas which are
expected to have rapid development
The inefficient distribution network Phased Construction of new pipeline to 9 9
cause high friction loss and therefore create primary network of water
low quantity and quality of water distribution.
supply at the consumer end.
Phased Construction & replacement of
secondary and tertiary pipelines. 9
Extent the distribution network to those

areas which are developing fast as it
may become difficult to lay distribution
network in future years due to space 9
constraints
High UFW nearly about 35%, which UFW reduction programme. 9 9
further increase the problem of water
supply and the service frequency. The
service frequency of piped water is
very poor, varies few hours a day
15.3. STRATEGY PROPOSED – WATER SUPPLY

To address the issues identified through stakeholders’ consultations a strategy of
future development for a sustainable water supply for Agartala has been
prepared. Towards such development, a carefully sequenced programme is
required for long run sustenance. However, During the next two years, it is
envisaged to (i) enhance the present water production capacity by exploring the
new sources of water development; (ii) lay out distribution networks in areas which
are developing at a faster rate and laying of pipelines in the future years may
cause difficulties; (iii) increase house connections considering the rapid urban
development pattern of the city; and (v) introduce reforms in PHED minimizing the
UFW, institutional capacity building. During the following three years the emphasis

would be on (i) implement the legislation and by laws made to enhance the
capacity of ULB for supply water within the municipal areas; and, (ii) establish
financial platform towards the cost recovery in the form of user charge for the
cubic meter of water consumed by the households.
Population and Water Demand Projections

The population projections are based upon state wise urban population prepared
by the Census of India in 2001 and population for GAPA was extrapolated.
Experience has shown that a rise in per capita water demand may be expected as
incomes increase and standards of living improve. To address this issue, the
Consultants prepared an economic model to predict the impact on demand of
changes in incomes and tariffs. It uses as inputs the following variables: (i)
changes in household income, projected to increase at 5.5% per annum; (ii) an
income elasticity of demand, projected at 0.33 and (iii) a price elasticity of
demand, projected at - 0.0825. The effect is the concave downward curve. The
economic model reveals that total water demand may be expected to rise to levels
on the order of 180-200 lpcpd by 2041. The Water requirement and capacities are
Table 15-2: Population Requirements and Capacities 2001- 2041

Production Deficit /
Demand UFW
S.No Year Required Capacity Surplus
Total (mld) %
mld mld mld
1 2001 19.75 35 30.38 39.45 +9.07
2 2005 26.27 35 40.42 39.45 -0.97
3 2006 27.21 35 41.86 39.45 -2.41
4 2011 34.5 30 49.29 97.02 +47.73
5 2015 41.33 25 55.11 97.02 +41.91
6 2016 46.33 25 61.77 97.02 +35.25
7 2021 56.36 20 70.45 97.02 +26.57
8 2031 88.48 15 104.09 97.02 -7.07
9 2041 125.79 15 147.99 97.02 -50.97
15.1.1. Enhancing Present Water Production Capacity
The deficit in production capacity will stop to exists in Agartala after the water
supply project as envisaged by PHED and proposed under ADB are completed.
For 2041 demand, the production capacity would be of 125.79 mld, which could
be feasible if underground water available locally is exploited, rehabilitate the
existing tube wells, river intakes and UFW reduction, construct impounding
reservoir for adequate storage capacity to meet projected needs until about 2029.
15.1.2. Service Reservoirs (SR)
Agartala has 17 water zones to cater to the population. There are certain zones in
Agartala planning area where deficits in storage capacity of service reservoirs are
not included under ADB funding for immediate implementation. As the population
growth is expected to increase in near future, it could be better if balance storage
capacity of service reservoirs would be considered without further delay. Thus five
zones namely Zone1, 10,15,16 and 17 have been proposed for construction of
zonal service reservoirs. The total storage capacity of service reservoir is
considered to be 7.89ML.

15.1.3. Secondary Network
The distribution networks are to be developed under ADB funding for immediate
implementation based upon certain priority. There are certain areas, however fully
developed with a little scope for further development, where scope of the
distribution network has been reduced due to financial constraints. The distribution
network has been spread out to cover the entire planning area over the
operational periods with a certain intervening period. Although it is possible to
implement the project components as suggested above, there are certain areas
developing fast, where it could not be postponed until a later date. Because it
would be difficult to lay pipelines due to uncontrolled development with steep
increase in population growth, there would be insufficient space left for other
utilities to develop. It is, therefore, important that those areas should be developed
with distribution network in a manner that it would be at least adequate to fulfill the
water requirement for next 30 years. As a result of network analysis, it is proposed
that 12.52Km length of primary distribution and 195 km of secondary and tertiary
distribution network be developed under this project so that it would increase the
coverage of distribution network to 89% of planning area.
15.1.4. Consumer Meters
PHED has already initiated metering system in Agartala in which there are 2200
nos of registered connections. As part of ADB project, there would be 99595
connections provided at the initial stage. However, for the projected population,
there would be about 2,38,380 nos metered connections expected to be in
ultimate design year 2041. It is, therefore important that another 60,000 nos of
connections be provided with metering system under this project. The metering
system is very important as it would provide a platform for proper accounting of
the water production and consumption and help reduce of unaccounted for water
and help in revenue generation.
15.1.5. House Service Connection
At present, people have piped water supply connections from PHED. 292000
population are served with water supply while only 22000 have registered
connections. In order to increase the connectivity, it is proposed that 60000 nos.
of connection shall be provided under this project, which would be recovered, from
the consumers on tariff and the poor shall be provided connection at no cost.
15.1.6. Selection of Pipe Material
As a result of techno-economic analysis, it is proposed that ductile iron pipe and

Unplasticised poly vinyl chloride (uPVC) be used in the distribution network. It is
decided to use DI pipe material if diameter is above 300 mm, whereas uPVC be
used for diameter below 300 mm. It is more durable and flexible and more
importantly it shall minimize the pipeline being damaged easily.
15.1.7. Iron Removal Plants
The city is presently supplied water from the Haora River from two locations
namely College Tilla and Bardowali and 49 tubewells. River water is mostly
supplied to the central and south zones of the city while the northern and eastern
zones along with part of the southern zone get their water supply from the deep
tube wells drilled in these areas. The ground water of the deep tube wells contains
a high iron content of more than 5 parts per million (ppm) which requires removal
before supply. However, aeration is carried out at only 17 tube wells, which is not
effective. Presently, the total production of water is about 39.45 million liters per
day (mld). The total production capacity would go upto 97 mld once ADB project is
completed. However, it would not be adequate to satisfy the water requirement for
entire planning area even after the commencement of ADB project with still some
areas left uncovered. Therefore, it is important to augment the production capacity
further so that it would be adequate upto 2033. In keeping this objective in mind,
there are certain places; IRP capacity could be added under this project as
mentioned below.
The water from the tube wells with iron removal plants is supplied directly to the
distribution system. The supply system however suffers from ineffective treatment
for iron removal. Thus, under JNNURM project, three Iron removal plants have
been proposed near Kunjaban, Jogendranagar, P&T Quarters with a total capacity
of 20MLD.
15.1.8. Summary of Project components
Table 15-3 provides a summary of the various project components that are
required to address the water supply situation under JNNURM Project.
Table 15-3: Cost Estimates for the Proposed Water Supply Project
Amount
S. No Description of Item Quantity
Rs. Lakhs
Construction of New Deep Tube Well 15 nos. 105.00
1
as 30 % standby
Construction of Iron Removal plant (IRP) 20 MLD 316.00
(i) 8.63 MLD capacity near Kunjaban
2
(ii) 6.99 MLD capacity near Jogendranagar
(iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P & T Quarters
Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML 7.98 ML 877.80
(I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML
(ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML
3
(iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML
(iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML
(v) Zone-17-------------------------->1.92ML
4 Construction of Primary Network in distribution system 12.52 Kms 455.20
Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in 195 Kms 1214.5
5
distribution system
6 Provision for Consumer meters 16000 nos. 1983.73
7 Provision for House service connections 60000 nos. 1623.63
8 Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument 1 no. 7
Augmentation of surface water from Gumti River including intermediate 4859.25
9
pumping stations
10 Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD 1567.5
11 Construction of OH Reservoir 1 no 2.5 ML 275
9 Land Cost 53.625
Total Cost of Project in Rs. Lakhs 13,338.24
Land acquisition shall be initiated mid 2006 and continued till 2007. The
construction activity shall be started off mid 2007 and continued till mid 2010. In
mean time, consultation should be held with key affected person and other

stakeholders in order to create awareness to speed up house service connections

and make them realize the importance of being a part of the project.
15.4. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

Agartala does not presently have an underground sewerage system. The ADB
project envisages coverage of a part of the city with an underground sewerage
system. The JNNURM shall take these initiatives forward to ensure the vision
objectives of a clean and stable Agartala. The various actions identified as urgent
actions required to address the issues pertaining to the provision of a sewerage
system in Agartala are identified in Table 15-4.
Table 15-4: Actions required – Sewerage and Sanitation

Actions
Actions
taken
Vision Issues Actions Required under
under
JNNURM
NERUDP
City not covered by Introduce underground sewerage 9 9
sewerage system. system and expand sewer
Existing method of connections to households.
Environmentally sewage disposal is
safe Sewerage through septic tanks and A community awareness 9
& Sanitation soak pits. campaign to make people aware
Management about the benefit of sewer 9
connections and how it can
enhance the present living
conditions and environmental
quality in their areas.
Open defecation or Construction of sewage 9 9
makeshift toilets on treatment plant/s.
open drains continue
especially in the low- Provision of household 9
income group areas. connections
9
Provision of toilet blocks
Most of the sewage Provision of assistance to BPL 9

from the septic tanks households wishing to upgrade
and toilets is disposed their septic tanks.
off directly into streams
and drains polluting the Provision of sewer cleaning
streams. machines 9
Increased risk of Provision for safe disposal of 9 9
pollution of ground septic tank and conservancy
water, which is a major wastes.
source of drinking water
in the city.
The STPs shall be connected 9 9
with easy approach for ease in
construction and repairing of
plant and machineries.

15.5. STRATEGY PROPOSED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

For design of the sewerage system, the city has been divided into three sewerage
zones based upon the topography and drainage pattern (i) central zone, (ii)
northern zone and (iii) southern zone. The characteristics and nature of these
zones are as follows
Central Zone: Two major channels, namely Akhaora and Kalapania channel drain
thhe central zone. These two channels flowing east to west, drain about 43% of
the central zone and carry the discharge to the low lying areas further towards
west across the border. The sub zones in the central zone, draining into Khata
khal include Dhaleswar drainage zone, Indranagar drainage zone, Lake
Chowmuhani drainage zone and Pragati drainage zone.
Northern Zone: This zone covers the localities north of the river Katakhal and
includes Pashcim Noabadi, part of Indra Nagar, Abhay Nager, Raj Bhawan area,
Gorkha Basti, Kumbaban township, Capital Complex and High Court. Entire
sewage load from this zone too cannot be conveyed by gravity to the north zone
STP. It is proposed to pump sewage from each service area to the nearest gravity
sewer.
Southern Zone: Localities in south zone located towards south of the Haora river
include University complex, Madhuban, Dakshin Badharghat, Charpara,
Protapgarh, Ananda Nagar, Malay Naar, Bardowali and Arundhati Nagar. As in
other cases, entire sewage from these areas also can not be conveyed by gravity
and will require pumping. Figure 15-1 shows the proposed sewerage zones.
Among the three sewerage zones demarcated for Agartala planning area,
sewerage system should be provided at the earliest opportunity in the zone I, II
and zone III so that it would cover those areas uncovered under ADB funding. The
area falls under these zones are severely polluted, density of population is high.
The sewerage system are to be provided under this project would comprise of
house service connections, trunk mains, primary and tertiary networks and STP.
Thus provided system would improve the sanitary conditions and help prevent the
degradation of precious water bodies such as River Haora and Katakhal. With the
completion of this project there would be no further improvement required in these
zones for the next 30 years up to ultimate design year 2041. Because there is only
one zone among the three in which ADB has proposed to cover about 25% of the
population of the central zone and 16% of the population of the city while the rest
shall be covered under this project so that there would be no difficulty faced in
future when further extension be needed to be carried out with the roads become
narrow and more congested and there would be insufficient space left for other
utilities to develop further.
Although the population density is considered to be low in the zone II and Zone III
at present and there would be vast scope for rapid development in near future, the
sewerage system be developed in a manner that it would be spread to cover up
the entire zones over a certain intervening periods. As it is expected that the
development of road networks are further to extend and subsequently facilitates
rapid settlement to intensify in theses zones, hence almost 50-60 % of the 2021
population would be covered under this project. However, the primary network
developed in such a way that it would be adequate up to ultimate design year
2041. As and when new settlement take place and sewerage system provided has
flexibility to permit further expansion, the secondary network shall be developed
during 2016 so that entire projected population of 2021 would be well covered.
The STP capacity shall be provided under this project for zone II and zone III only
for projected sewage contribution for 2021. An additional STP capacity shall be
added around 2021 so that it would be substantially adequate to cater the ultimate
demand for 2041. The secondary network shall also be developed in respect of
the population growth in these zones. Thus developed system would have brought
entire planning area well covered under sewerage system during 2021-2041.
The community based efficiently operated sewerage agency be established and

volumetric charges for sewerage would be fixed in a manner that it would be able
to meet out financial needs to carry out repairs and expansion of sewerage
system further and even to recover full capital investments made.
In cases of isolated developments far from the trunk mains a small sewage
collection systems could be considered. The sewage could be conveyed to a
convenient location and treated by an anaerobic up flow filter that would polish the
septic tank effluent by about 70% of the BOD. With this addition, a substantial
improvement could be made in disposal sanitary waste.
15.1.9. Population Projection and Sewage Contribution
The population projections are based upon statewide urban population prepared
by the census Bureau in 2001. They were extrapolated to 2041 and the population
of Agartala was projected as a proportion of the statewide urban total. The
population of GAPA was then projected to 2041 as a proportion of the state
population. Projections were then made based upon the physical growth
assessments of the population in each sewerage zone.
The entire water supply for consumption for a community should normally
contribute to the total flow in a sanitary sewer. However, the observed dry weather
flow quantities usually are slightly less than the per capita water consumption due
to reason that some water is lost in evaporation, seepage into ground leakage etc.
In keeping above fact in mind, it is considered that 80% of the water supply may
be expected to reach the sewer and it is based upon the Central Public Health
and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) manual on sewerage
and sewage treatment.
It is also considered that certain amount of water shall enter into the sewers due
to infiltration of ground water through joints. However, this quantity will solely
depend upon workmanship in laying sewers and level of ground water table. It is
general practice that the sewers are to be designed for peak discharges,
allowances for ground water infiltration for the worst possible local conditions is
well taken into account for designing the sewers. The water requirement and
sewage contributions are presented in Table 15-5.
Table 15-5: Water Requirements and Sewage Contributions from GAPA

Per capita water supply Per capita sewage generation
(lpcpd) excluding UFW (80 % of per capita water supply)
1 2001 379,893 80 64
2 2005 423,036 90 72

Per capita water supply Per capita sewage generation

(lpcpd) excluding UFW (80 % of per capita water supply)
3 2006 431,915 90 72
4 2011 479,211 90 72
5 2015 517,041 100 80
6 2016 526,499 110 88
7 2021 572,799 120 96
8 2031 677,972 145 116
9 2041 802,457 165 132
UFW: Unaccounted for Water
15.1.10. Sewerage Zoning of Master Plan Area
The planning area of Agartala comprises 17 wards under erstwhile municipal

limits, six adjoining villages of newly added extended area of AMC and eight other
areas under GAPA. This planning area has been divided into 17 water supply
zones governed by the terrain and topography. As for the sewerage system, the
planning area has been broadly divided into three zones to facilitate the operation
of the entire system under gravity.
The zone wise coverage of population and sewage flows in each sewerage zone
are given in the Table 15-6 and Figure 15-1.
Table 15-6: Zone wise population Distribution & Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plants
Covered Projected Population Ground Water Average Flow Including GWI, mld
Name of the Zone
Area (Ha) 2021 2041 Infiltration, mld 2021 2041
Central 1449 197586 248040 7.24 26.2 40.0
Northern 3057 190009 276939 15.28 33.5 51.8
Southern 4688 185205 277480 23.44 41.2 60.1
Total 9194 572801 802458 45.97 101 152
15.1.11. Design of Various Components
The design criteria adopted under this master plan and feasibility study generally
meet the recommendations laid down in the Manual on Sewerage and Sewage
Treatment published by CPHEEO of the Ministry of Urban Development,
Government of India. Most of the components are designed based upon the
actual calculated sewage contribution, suitably developed design criteria and
standards to suit the condition of the city. The design periods for components of
sewerage system and sewage treatment are given below in Table 15-7.
Table 15-7: Design Periods for Components of Sewerage System and

Sewage Treatment
S. Recommended Design
Component Clarification
No. Period in years
Collection The system should be designed for the prospective
1. System i.e. 30 population of 30 years, as its replacement is very
Sewer Network difficult during its use.
The construction may be in a phased manner as
Sewage initially the flow may not reach the designed levels,
2. 30
Treatment Plant and it wll be uneconomical to build the full capacity
plant initially
Effluent disposal Provision of design capacities in the initial stages
3. 30
and utilization itself is economical

15.1.12. Primary Networks
Primary, secondary and tertiary networks including branches and laterals are
proposed in those areas where sewerage networks have not been covered under
the ADB funding. The design has been carried out for 2041 demand.
Figure 15-1: Proposed Sewerage Zones
15.1.13. Secondary and Tertiary Networks
The analysis has been carried out for the carefully selected area in such a way
that one area with high density and another with sparse density. Then average
cost per unit length of the pipeline has been arrived for these two areas. Thus
overall cost implication for entire planning area has been worked out.
15.1.14. Design of Sewage Treatment Plant
Several options are available for sewage treatment, which could meet the
standards of effluent or treatment objectives. These processes are diversified and
selection of treatment process is always site-specific involving optimum costs. The
ultimate objective of all the processes is the same, stabilization of the organic
matter. However, the selection of best possible combinations to suit the local
conditions and its topography is certainly a demanding task and involve careful
field investigation, economic comparison, subject to other interfering factors such
as land restrictions and more than important of its sustainability on long run.
Therefore the choice of treatment depends mainly on the capital costs including
cost of land, operation and maintenance, power and required quality of treated
effluents to meet the compliance requirements of central and state agencies.
Proposed sewage treatment processes have been critically evaluated for various
parameters. The expected sewage characteristics are presented in Table 15-8.
Table 15-8: Expected Sewage Characteristics

S. Raw Sewage Characteristics Treated Sewage Characteristics
Parameters
No. (Expected) (Not to Exceed)
1. Temperature Ambient Ambient
2. Oil 25-30 mg/l 10 mg/l
3. PH 6.0 – 8.0 5.5 – 9.0
4. Suspended Solids 430 mg/l 100 mg/l
5. BOD 300 mg/l 30 mg/l
6. COD 600 mg/l 100 mg/l
The basic data for the assumptions comparisons are recapitulated in the Table
15-9.
Table 15-9: Basic assumptions for comparison of treatment solutions

Treatment Capacity Raw sewage characteristics
Particulars 3
m /day mg/l
BOD5 300 mg/l
Sizing of treatment solution and
COD 600 mg/l
investment costs
SS 450 mg/l
Economic comparison of treatment 30, 000 in 2021 BOD5 300 mg/l
solutions including operation costs 62, 000 in 2041 SS 330 mg/l
15.1.15. Sewage Treatment Options Considered
The choice of treatments falls on the capital costs including cost of lands,
operation and maintenance costs including expenses on power consumption and
the required standards of effluents. The following are the commonly adopted
treatment methods which are considered for comparisons.
(i) Activated sludge process (ii) Bio-tower activated sludge process (iii) Extended
aeration treatment (iv) trickling filters (v) Aerobic ponds (vi) Aerated lagoon (vii)
Aerobic and facultative lagoons.
A comparison of various treatment options is presented in Table 15-10. A typical

system analysis for 15 MLD capacity for various sewage treatment alternatives.
Table 15-10: Comparison of Various Treatment Options

Anaerobic
Conventiona
S. Item Conventional Extended Trickling Aerobic with
l ASP with
No Description ASP Aeration filters ponds facultative
Bio-tower
ponds
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)
1. Land Less Lesser than Lesser than Same as Very High High but less
requirement “A” “A” “A” than “E”
2. Capital cost Comparativel Comparativel Lesser than Slightly less Least of Higher than “E”
y higher y higher than “A ” than “A” all
“A”.
3. Power Moderate Less than “A” Highest Less than Least of Less but higher
Requirement “A” all than “E”
4. Operation and Moderate Lesser than High costs Less than Least of Slightly higher
Management costs due to “A” due to due to high “A” all than “E”
Costs high staff lesser energy energy
requirement inputs inputs
and moderate
energy inputs
5. Operation and High level of Same as “A” Same as “A” Same as Very little Very little but
Management management “A” more than “E”
Activities of electrical
and
mechanical
units required
6. Excess sludge Sludge can Same as “A” Sludge may Same as Little or no Little or no
be disposed require “A” sludge sludge
off without further
further digestion
treatment
7. Production of Bio-gas is Bio-gas is No biogas Bio-gas is No biogas No biogas
bio-gas produced and produced and produced produced produced produced due
can be used can be used due to and can be due to to aerobic
aerobic used aerobic process
process process
As a result of the comparison of the various treatment options, Average

Incremental Financial Cost (AIFC) has been worked out for each and every
treatment options as mentioned below in Table 15-11.
Table 15-11: Average Incremental Financial Cost (AIFC) Comparison

Average Incremental Financial
Alternatives Treatment Options Ranking
Cost (rupees/Cum flow)
Alternative-1 Conventional Activated Sludge 4.282 7
Process
Alternative-2 Bio-towers with Extended Aeration 3.556 3
Alternative-3 Oxidation Pond 3.990 6
Alternative-4 Extended Aeration 3.967 5
Alternative-5 Trickling Filter 3.636 4
Alternative-6 Aerated Lagoon 3.104 1
Alternative-7 Bio-tower Aerated Lagoon 3.535 2
Although Aerated lagoon has emerged as the lowest in cost, it is difficult to adopt
the same in the given condition that the topography of the proposed land varies
drastically over the short span of length. It renders the site unsuitable for
processes requiring large flat area of land.
Media based high rate trickling filter will have comparatively lower power
requirements as aeration requirements would be reduced, but may have higher

operational costs owing to choking or replacement of media. Moreover, filter flies

pose another serious operational problem in trickling filters.
For the Activated Sludge Process (ASP) based system, power requirements will
be higher as maximum aeration would be required. Further, maintaining of MLSS
within the system will add to the operational costs of the plant.
The extended aeration will have to be replaced by aerated lagoon where there is a
wide scope for acquisition of large area of land since it is simplest to operate and
maintain and excludes many processes such as primary settling, grit chamber,
sludge digestion and sludge drying bed. Moreover, it can be easily built in any
shape desired with the available resources in terms of material and manpower
and involve the minimum mechanical equipments for its operation.
The extended aeration will involve huge cost in operation and maintenance on
account of high power consumption as compared to other treatment processes.
But the elimination of the processes such as primary settling and sludge digestion
will result in low capital cost, though the operation cost is high. This treatment
process could be suitable to be adopted as the efficiency is very high owing to
highest BOD removal. From the Table 15-10, it is clearly seen that it requires
comparatively smaller area, which will overcome the limitation of flat area of land
available.
In overall comparison of treatment processes, it is decided that the extended

aeration system is best possible method, which could be more relevant to given
situation where availability of the land has become yardstick and it, involve less
maintenance as well.
15.1.16. Suggested Treatment Methods
The treatment method proposed to be adopted for the three zones shall be
extended aeration system either followed by filter press or sludge drying bed.
Although it has a high operating cost, it may be only practical solution in the very
steep terrain of Agartala where land acquisition is difficult.
It is proposed to provide STP of various capacities such as 15mld, 34mld and

41mld for zone I, zone II, zone III, respectively. For the zone I, a capacity of 15mld
STP has been proposed under ADB project; however it is only provided on
modular basis for the projected 2021 capacity. Given the low population density
areas in zone II and zone III, no measures has been proposed under ADB project
where the sewerage system on modular basis is required at this stage. In keeping
above point in mind, the STP capacity only for project sewage contribution for
2021 capacity is proposed in this project.
The main reason for adopting this process is that it requires the comparatively
smaller land for its installation. The main advantage for adopting this method is
that the filter press will generate the bulk sludge, which will bring in considerable
revenue by marketing the sludge cake as manure. The sludge drying beds will
function effectively during the summer; however the poor sludge drain is expected
during the rainy season. The power cost incurred on intermittent operation of filter
bed can be met on account of revenue generated through sale of organic manure.

15.1.17. Design of Low Cost Sanitation Facilities
A provision has been made on a pilot scale to cover households by providing

assistance for conversion of pit latrines and pour flush latrines to flush latrines
including connection to sewers and the scheme can be continued further by the
local authorities. It shall help in improving sanitation in slum areas
15.1.18. Proposed scope of the project
The planning for an improved sanitation system for GAPA will require a carefully
planned and sequenced program of actions in operation and management of the
institutions responsible for the service delivery. The proposed project shall be
completed by end of 2011 by which time about 100 % of zone I (16% under Zone I
shall be covered under ADB project) and 50 % of zone II and zone III population
could be covered under the sewerage system. It is about 75 % of the total city
population would be covered. Based upon the designs described above, it is
proposed that the following are various components of sewerage system for
planning area:
• Provision of about 21266 connections.
• Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places.
• Construction of 80 Km of primary pipelines
• Construction of 157 Km of secondary pipelines
• Construction of three sewage treatment plants with a total capacity of 90 mld Provision of 18
community toilet blocks with 6 WC.
• Provision of assistance to BPL households wishing to upgrade their septic tanks.
The cost estimates have been prepared for the planning area. It is estimated that
the overall cost of the master plan, will be on the order of Rs. 27861.95 lakhs.
The consultants have used the standard schedule of rates for each state for
supply of materials, and the standard rates for the country for labor. The cost of
master plan and the project are given below.
Table 15-12: Cost Estimate for the Proposed Project:

Name of Amount
Description of Items Quantity
the Zone Rs. Lakhs
Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 15 MLD 727.5
Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places 5 nos. 534
Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to 2.0 Kms 172
nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm Dia)
Construction of Primary Network System 25 Kms 1122.5
Central Zone Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network 49 Kms 2200.3
Provision for Household Connections 41116 nos. 5287.5
Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines 1 no. 40
Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52.2
Assistance to Households having existing latrine but 2000 nos. 292.2
disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain
Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 34 MLD 1649
Construction of Primary Network System 28 Kms 1260
Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network 55 Kms 2469
Northern
Provision for Household Connections 22059 nos. 2837
Zone
Community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52
Assistance of households having existing latrine but 1000 nos. 146
disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains
Southern Zone Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 41 MLD 1989

Name of Amount
Description of Items Quantity
the Zone Rs. Lakhs
Construction of Primary Network System 27 Kms 1215
Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System 53 Kms 2385
Provision for Household Connections 21501 nos. 2765
Community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52
Assistance of households having existing latrine but 1000 nos. 146
disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains
Land cost 468.75
Total Cost of Project in Rs. Lakhs 27861.95
Table 15-13: Project Implementation Schedule for Agartala City

Time Period
S.No Items 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
1 Land acquisition
W1
Preparation of DPR
(Detailed Engineering + Tender Documents W2
2 W3
3 Appointment of DSC
4 Prequalification of Contractors for all the packages
W1
Bidding and Approval W2
5 W3
Clearance from state and/or Central Government
departments(Forestry,MOEF etc) imcluding shifting
6 of utilities
Construction of primary and secondary sewerage

network including installation of pipe manufacturing
(i) unit,diversion of sullage/Storm water -W1
Construction of STP including commissioning and O
(ii) & M for 5 years-W2
Household connections including construction
of inspection chambers.Construction of
Community toilet blocks under Low Cost
(iii) Sanitation- W3
Consultations with communities about installations
(iv) of Sewerage Connections
7 Procurement of Machinery/Safety equipment
The land acquisition shall commence in first quarter of 2006 and the detailed
engineering design shall be completed including awarding tender for inviting the
construction activity by mid 2007. The construction activity shall start mid 2007
and continue up to mid 2010. In mean time, consultation with communities about
installations of sewerage connections should be conducted to make the people
realize the importance of the sewerage connection and get their acceptance in
this regard.
15.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The present SWM system in Agartala does not conform to the Solid Waste
Handling Rules (SWHR) – 2000. The ADB project envisages improvements
towards improvement of collection, transportation and treatment of wastes apart
from improvement of the operational efficiencies of the system. While the actions
proposed under ADB shall be a good start towards compliance to SWHR, the
following Table 15-14 discusses the various issues pertaining to SWM and the
actions required under JNNURM.

Table 15-14: Actions Towards Sustainable SWM

Actions
Actions
taken
under
JNNURM
NERUDP
Collection: Collection:
Environmen- Frequent waste Increase the present waste collection 9 9
tally safe collection is limited coverage.
solid waste within selected areas.
Management
Open storage bins Initiate house-to-house waste collection 9 9
leads to degradation through source segregation.
to environment and
public health. Make necessary arrangements to collect 9 9
waste from commercial areas, shops and
Waste disposal on other establishments;
streams, drains
Initiate green line survey to collect food and 9
The number of other vegetable waste from the hotels and
storage bins are restaurants, vegetable/fish/meat markets
inadequate to that and from the public and private parks ,
required; lawns etc.
Lack of awareness on Make arrangements for the separate 9 9

hygienic practices; collection of biomedical and industrial
Minimum waste wastes;
collection frequency
in low income groups Increase the storage facilities and provide 9 9
or slums; mechanized storage bins in replace to RCC
bins or open storage points;
Increase present collection frequency from 9 9

slum areas.
Provision of storage bins at the slum areas 9

and at least initiate primary collection in
these areas if not the house-to-house waste
collection.
Involvement of NGOs and CBOs can be 9

increased for the waste collection from slum
areas;
Community development and forming of self 9

help groups towards efficient waste
management practices in the slums and low
income group areas ;
Transportation Transportation
Spillage of waste Need to procure refuse vehicles with 9 9
occurs during waste hydraulic loading and unloading for waste
transportation; collection in the city;
Frequency of waste
collection shall be Waste collection from the slum areas and 9
matched with an narrow lanes where large vehicles can not
efficient vehicle move
routing and
scheduling. Arrangements shall be made to cover the 9
Procurement of existing vehicles to reduce waste spillage
vehicles during transportation;

Actions
Actions
taken
under
JNNURM
NERUDP
Construction of new transfer station and 9

vehicle maintenance garage;
TREATMENT AND TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:

DISPOSAL:
9
Crude dumping of Crude dumping shall be stopped
waste followed in the completely;
existing disposal site
which leads to Introduce sanitary landfill system and 9
environmental development fo new sanitary landfill site in
pollution; conformance with SWHR-2000.
New disposal site is Introduce treatment facility as the organic 9

required as the fraction in MSW collected in Agartala has
existing site is higher organic fraction;
deteriorating in
environment and Restrict landfill site only to inert and rejects 9
public health; from the treatment plant;
Introduce bio-gas cum compost plant 9

Reforms: Reforms:
9 9
No by-laws exist in A new by-law and necessary legislative
AMC till date for correction is required to make adequate
addressing the provision in line SWHR-2000 of the GoI to
indiscriminate waste introduce SWM charges for not maintaining
dumping as in line the prescribed norms of waste storage and
with SWHR-2000 of disposal in the city;
the GoI.
Lack of technical Assistance towards enhance the technical 9 9
manpower in AMC manpower strength in the AMC and create
towards handling a separate department to handle the SWM
SWM
AMC still follow cash Accounting reforms in the form of computer 9
based accounting based double entry accounting system is
process. required. Apart from other function of AMC
this system can be used for the maintaining
proper record of revenue collected for the
SWM user charges and charges taken for
not-maintaining the prescribed norms under
the by-laws.

Existing Proposed under ADB Proposed under JNNURM
Collection coverage
House to house w aste collection
Segregation at source
Waste collection fromslum areas
Mechanised container
Existing efficency in w aste transportation
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100
%
Figure 15-2: Proposed Goal for GAPA as per ADB and JNNURM
The priority ranking for SWM has ranking 5/5 showing least priority amongst other
infrastructure needs. However many solid waste Management deficiency
components exist of which some shall be taken up in ADB project and the
remaining components have been proposed under JNNURM. Two units of biogas
cum compost plant, improvement of primary and secondary collection along with
awareness and IEC is proposed which is shown in Table 15-15. The total cost for
SWM is Rs. 379.35 lakhs including the land cost.
Table 15-15: Cost Estimates for SWM

Cost
S. No Solid Waste
(Rs Lakhs)
1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60
2. Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter
bins, household bins, wheel barrows etc 115.00
3. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00
4. Awareness and IEC 50.00
5. Land Cost 35.75
Sub Total (Rs. Lakhs) 379.35
15.7. DRAINAGE
GAPA has numerous storm water drains and two major rivers flowing though it,
the city suffers from recurrent flood problems. Flooding due to drainage
congestion occurs in the core area of the city. Recently flooding due to drainage
congestion has been observed in the newly developing areas that have been built
through the filling up of wetlands and water bodies. Under JNNURM, improvement
of 50 kms of storm water drain has been proposed along with improvement of
35kms of covered drains with an estimated cost of Rs. 6183.68 lakhs.
Table 15-16: Cost Estimates for Drainage

Cost
S. No Drainage
(Rs Lakhs)
1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86
2. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82
Sub Total 6183.68

Under JNNURM, protection works along river Haora and Katakhal has been
proposed along with the extension of existing Kathakal embankment with a total
estimated cost of Rs. 3214.44 lakhs. Table 15-17 shows the cost estimates for
river embankment under JNNURM.
Table 15-17: Cost Estimates for Embankment

Cost
S. No River Embankment
(Rs Lakhs)
1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1,440.24
2. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1,353.80
3. Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40
Sub Total (Rs.Lakhs) 3,214.44
15.8. TRANSPORTATION
The national highways within the city limits act as primary arteries towards mobility
and circulation. NH-44 connects the city with other parts of the city and with
neighboring towns of Assam. The city lacks hierarchy of road network both
physically and functionally. This is primarily because of NH-44 which passes
through the congested area of city loses its function and significance for the
portion it traverses through the town area
Road Network: The primary road network of Agartala city comprises of regional
links such as Assam Rifle Road, Ashram Road and Bishalgarh Road as well as
other roads like Secretariat Road, J.B Road, AJC Road. The road network of
about 30 km long was identified, to appreciate broadly road network
characteristics. The NH 44 passes through the city and is the lifeline of traffic
movement. There is no distinct hierarchy of roads that can be observed. The right
of way (RoW) of primary roads is observed to be not varying considerably. About
50% of the road length is revealed to have RoW of 8-10 m and 36% of the road
length has more than 10 m RoW.
Intersections: Most of the intersections are T or X shaped, with poor geometrics.

Few of the intersections in the city are channelised. The main junctions of
Agartala city are Battola Junction, Motor Stand Junction, Jackson Gate Junction
and North Gate Junction
Parking: Parking is a major problem in Agartala. Sufficient off-street parking

spaces are not available in the city. Moreover due lack of sufficient parking
regulations most of the vehicles coming to the Central Zone are parked on the
carriageway or inside the narrow shopping lanes which adds to the traffic
congestion
Bus/Truck Terminal: The bus terminals, which serve inter-state and intra-state
needs, are Motor Stand, Radhanagar, Battala and Laxmi Narayanbari Road.
Private buses and hired vehicles (cars, jeeps) also operate from these terminals,
as they do not have proper terminals. There is also a Tripura Road Transport
Corporation (TRTC) terminal at Thakurpalli, which is being developed as an
International bus terminal. A significant portion of passenger traffic within Greater
Agartala is carried by auto rickshaws and jeeps. The entry of long distance
regional passenger and freight traffic into Agartala city in the absence of any
proper bus and truck terminal is a point of concern. This adds to the congestion
level on the city roads.
Speed profile: The speeds profile shows that speed varies from 8 kmph to 24
kmph with about 40% of the total road length having speed less than 20 kmph.
Table 15-18 shows the actions required under roads and transportation sector.
Table 15-18: Actions required - Roads and Transportation

Actions Actions to
taken up be taken
Vision Existing Issues Actions required
under under
NERUDP JNNURM
To achieve a Encroachments by vehicles Capacity Building of √ √
transport existing public transport
facility system Low operating speeds. system
which shall be Un channelised Junctions.
Adequate, Inadequate parking space. Involvement of private √ √
Safe, players
Comfortable, Improper traffic
Equitable and management Development of √ √
is Efficient and Channelised Junctions
Sustainable. Poor public transportation
system Identification of designated √
parking areas
Lack of pedestrian facilities
Inadequate road capacity Develop traffic √ √
management system.
Heavy vehicular traffic
Efficient Public Transport √
system
Inadequate street light
Promoting Safe Pedestrian √ √
Inadequate Bus terminal Movement.
Lack of FOB Upgradation of existing √ √

roads
Control, regulation and √

segregation of regional
traffic with intra urban
traffic √
Better planning and design

efforts
Development of bus /truck √

terminal
Street lighting √
The preliminary cost for roads and transportation proposed under JNNURM is
shown in Table 15-19.
Under JNNURM, 58 roads have been identified for improvement-strengthening

and widening. The other proposals include construction of RCC bridges over River
Haora and Kathakal, construction of flyovers, intersection improvement, New Bus
& truck terminals and street lighting. The estimated cost under traffic and
transportation amounts to Rs. 45,438.46 lakhs.

Table 15-19: Cost Estimates for Traffic and Transportation:

Cost
Traffic and Transportation & Street Lighting Quantity
(Rs Lakhs)
Improvement of Roads 58 nos 11,350.64
Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal 100 m 350.00
Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah 3 nos 1,312.50
Others Bridges 3 nos 1,803.75
Fly Over 5 nos 23800.00
Intersection Improvement 8 nos 586.25
Bus Terminals 3 nos 1,145.32
Truck Terminal 1 no 410
Street lighting (HPSV) About 100 km along with grid sub- 30,000 per pole 4680.00
station and underground cabling
Sub Total (Rs. Lakhs) 45438.46
15.9. SLUM UPGRADATION

The number of slums has been increasing within GAPA area and the existing
poverty alleviation programmes have been inadequate to cover the BPL
population. The ADB project will cover some areas, which needs immediate
attention. However due to the limited scope of the project the remaining
components shall be covered under JNNURM. Table 15-20 lists the actions taken
up under NERUDP and the actions required to be taken under JNNURM.
Table 15-20: Actions required – Slum upgradation

Actions Actions to
taken be taken
Vision Existing Issues Actions required
under under
NERUDP JNNURM
To provide Increasing levels of Provision of Drain Toilets,
access to poverty; roads, streetlight and water √ √
housing and
√
basic Coverage of poverty Providing opportunities for
infrastructure alleviation programs Income Generation.
inadequate;
Improvement in Housing √ √
Increasing number of Condition
slums;
Slum Upgradation and √
√
Poor infrastructure Improvement
facilities
Forty-two slum locations have been identified for slum upgradation under
JNNURM and Table 15-21 shows the summary of investments for slum
upgradation.
Table 15-21: Summary of capital investments for slum upgradation:

Cost
Slum Area Improvements
(in Rs. lakhs)
(Infrastructure components Toilet, Roads, Drains, Street Light and Drinking water) 4200.00
Land cost 150.15
Sub-total 4350.15
Slum Housing
Construction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60
Road 537.50
Street Light 34.13

Cost
Slum Area Improvements
(in Rs. lakhs)
Land Cost (30 hect.) 1072.50
Sub total 3416.73
15.10. SOCIAL AMENITIES

Parks: The city lacks in recreational facilities and hence improvement of the two
existing parks are proposed along with the development of 5 new parks and one
science park with a total estimated cost of Rs. 1300.13 lakhs.
Table 15-22: Cost Estimates for Parks :

Cost
S. No PARKS
(Rs.Lakhs)
1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00
2. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm 135.00
3. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00
Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13
Sub Total 880.13
Playgrounds: Eight playgrounds with 10000sqkm has been proposed under

JNNURM with an estimated cost of Rs. 911.50 lakhs.
Table 15-23: Cost Estimates for playgrounds:

Development of playgrounds Base Cost (Rs.
S. No
Lakhs)
1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00
2. Pragati School field(10000sqm) 105.00
3. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00
4. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00
5. Jute Mill field (1000sqm) 105.00
6. Bhagat Singh Colony(1000sqm) 105.00
7. Sadhu Tilla School(1000sqm) 105.00
8. Indira nagar High school (1000sqm) 105.00
Land Cost(20000 sqm) 71.5
Sub Total 911.50
Stadium: The condition of the existing stadium is in a dilapidated stage and not
able to cater to the needs of the increasing population, Hence improvement of the
existing stadium along with construction of two new indoor stadiums and
construction of five stadiums has been proposed under JNNURM.
Table 15-24: Cost Estimates for Stadiums

Cost (Rs.
S. No Construction of Indoor Stadium
Lakhs)
1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+500sqm gallery) 201.00
2. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00
3 Land Cost(20000sqm) 100
Sub Total 3766.00
4. Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity
30,000) 2,541.00
5. Lichubagan (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00
6. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00
7. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00

Cost (Rs.
S. No Construction of Indoor Stadium
Lakhs)
8. Aralia School field (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00
9. Land Cost (15000sqm) 75.00
Sub Total 4340.00
Total 8106.00
Markets: The city economy is dependent primarily on the tertiary sector with a
small manufacturing base. There are 9 markets maintained by AMC within
municipal limits, of which, Battala and Maharaj Ganja Bazaar are important as the
main service and distribution center of Greater Agartala. Eight markets of 600
sqm, 700 sqm and 900sqm has been proposed under JNNURM and the total
estimated cost amounts to Rs. 471 lakhs.
Table 15-25: Cost Estimates for markets:

S. No Development of Markets Cost (Rs.Lakhs)
1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00
2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00
3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00
4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00
5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00
6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00
7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00
8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building) 56.00
9. Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00
Sub Total 471.00
Heritage and conservation: Urban improvement and heritage conservation of

Ujjayanta palace complex has been proposed with a total investment cost of
Rs.1136.96 lakhs
Table 15-26: Cost Estimates for Cultural and Heritage

Cost
S. No Architectural Heritage / Cultural Heritage
(Rs Lakhs)
1. Urban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace 1136.96
complex
Sub Total 1,136.96
Preservation of Water Bodies: With a vision to make Agartala an eco-friendly

city, the preservation of the water bodies existing in the Municipal areas have
been proposed with an estimated cost of Rs. 700 lakhs.
Table 15-27: Cost Estimates for Water Bodies

Cost
S. No Preservation of Water Bodies
(Rs lakhs)
1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00
Sub Total 700.00
15.11. OTHER ENABLING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
It is envisaged to develop Agartala city as gateway to North Eastern Region in the

future. Furher, it is also envisaged to develop all necessary infrastructure that
enable investor friendly environment. To facilitate such future vision, the following

projects are envisaged. Together, it would require a capital investment of Rs.

40686.25 Lakhs.
Table 15-28: Cost Estimates for Other Enabling Development Projects

Sl.No. Project Cost (Rs,Lakhs)
1. Development of Markets
a. 1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00
b. 2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00
c. 3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00
d. 4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00
e. 5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00
f. 6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00
g. 7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00
h. 8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00
i. Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00
Sub Total 471.00
Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar, Dukli,
2.
Other Places Provision for PPP
a. 1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5,000.00
b. 2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1,500.00
Sub Total 6,500.00
IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other
3.
suitable places
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development 2,650.00
b.
Costs (25 Acres / 101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm)
Sub Total 5,150.00
New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places (10000
4.
houses)
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development 1,544.00
b. Costs (10000 Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs.
10000/sq.m)
Sub Total 11,544.00
5. Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area
a. 1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2,000.00
Sub Total 2,000.00
6. Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar
a. 1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10,000.00
Sub Total 10,000.00
7. Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar
a. 1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00
Sub Total 300.00
8. War Memorial 500.00
Sub Total 500.00
9. Other Projects
a. 1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25
b. 2. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00
c. 3. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00
d. 4. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00
e. Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00
Sub Total 4,221.25
Total (Rs. Lakhs) 40686.25

15.12. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Table 15-29: Cost Estimates for Urban Governance
Cost
S. No Urban Governance & Capacity Building
(Rs Lakhs)
1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban 3000.00
governance reforms suggested
Sub Total 3000.00
15.13. SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS - 2011
Given the development vision envisaged for Agartala, the city would need a total
capital investment of Rs. 207213.89 Lakhs (Rs. 2072.13 Crores) by 2011. Of
which, it is envisaged that Rs. 47610 lakhs is likely to be available through ADB
financed North Eastern Region Capital Cities Investment Program. The remaining
is envisaged to funded through JNNURM. Table 15-30 presents the total capital
investment needs, while Table 15-31 and Table 15-32 present the break-up of
ADB funding and JNNURM funding by sector.
Table 15-30: Total Capital Investment Needs for Infrastructure Improvement

by 2011 (Rs. Lakhs)
S. No Funding Source Cost (Rs Lakhs)
1. ADB Funded North Eastern Region Capital Cities Investment 47610.00
Program
2. JNNURM funding 159603.89
Total 207213.89
Table 15-31: Infrastructure Improvement under ADB Funding by 2011

S. No Component Cost (Rs Lakhs)
1. Infrastructure
Water Supply 7110.0
Sewerage & Sanitation 6660.0
Solid Waste Management 900.0
Drainage 2880.0
Transportation 6705.0
Slum Upgrading 945.0
Unidentified Projects 4680.0
Sub-total 29880.0
2. Capacity Building and Investment Program Management
Investment Program Management 0.0
Capacity Building 810.0
Civic Awareness and Participation 585.0
Resettlement 90.0
Incremental Administration 450.0
Sub-total 1935.0
3. Duties and Taxes 4500.0
4. Total Base Costs (1+2+3) 37305.0
5. Contingencies
Physical 2790.0
Price 3420.0
Sub-total 6210.0
6. Financing Charges 4095.0
Total Investment Program ( 4+5+6) 47610.0

Table 15-32: Infrastructure Improvement under under JNNURM - 2011

INVESTMENT
Project Components NEEDS
(Rs lakhs)
1 Water Supply 13,338.24
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 27,861.95
3 Storm Water Drainage 6,183.68
4 River Embankment 3,214.44
6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection
40758.46
improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)
Sub Total 151836.95
5% 8%
1%0% 2%
17%
25%
4%
2%
5%
1% 3% 0%
27%

SWM T&T
Figure 15-3: Estimated Investment Requirements under JNNURM - 2011
15.14. SUMMARY
The total estimated investment required under JNNURM for period of 7 years
(2006-2011) is INR 159603.83 lakhs. The maximum investment is proposed for
traffic and transportation followed by sewerage and sanitation, water supply,
drainage, stadiums, parks etc.
Details of the capital investment plan are given in Appendix 15.2 to 15.7.

Appendix 15.1
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS FOR ADB FUNDING

A summary description of the project components, identified as priority
infrastructure investment needs, to be implemented under the North Eastern
Region Urban Development Proejct is presented in the following sections.
(a) Water Supply

Towards improvement of the present water supply situation in Agartala, the
following subprojects are proposed.
Distribution System Upgradation and rehabilitation of existing networks is

proposed including extension of networks into presently uncovered areas. The
improvements proposed include:
• Provision of 80% service coverage through installation of 99,600 metered service connections,
or 42% of the master plan;
• Near-complete replacement of existing connections;
• Construction of 23 reservoirs with a capacity of 22.9 ml, or 74% of the master plan;
• Construction of 67 kilometres of primary pipelines to create a primary system with a length of 87
kilometres, or 77 % of the master plan;
• Construction of 140 kilometres of secondary and tertiary pipelines to create a secondary and
tertiary pipeline network of about 860 kilometres, or 16 % of the master plan;
• Construction of 10 chlorinators at major reservoirs to supplement the treatment provided at the
main treatment plant; and,
• Reduction in UFW from more than 50% at present to about 30% by 2011.
Source and Treatment Works. The improvements proposed include:

• Provision of infiltration galleries at the College Tilla, which shall be connected to the existing
intake wells; the infiltration gallery will improve the quality of water at all times and the quantity
of water available when the river is almost dry.
• Installation of pumping machineries at the intake well and construction of aeration cum pre-
sedimentation tanks at the existing water treatment plants.
• Replacement of old and inefficient machinery and equipments at the College Tilla treatment
plant.
• Provision of dedicated power supply in the river intake works, the treatment plants and the
booster pumping stations to the reservoirs;
• Rehabilitation of existing tube wells, and construction of new, more efficient iron removal plants
(IRPs), and 7 clear water reservoirs at the 5 IRPs and 2 treatment plants.
• Construction of 5 new iron removal plants
• Adequate bacteriological treatment through effective chlorination to ensure supply of safe
quality water, and
• Construction of sludge drying and disposal facilities as required at the two treatment plants.
(b) Sewerage and Sanitation

The project proposes (i) coverage of part of the central sewerage zone1 with an
underground sewerage system, and (ii) provision of low cost sanitation facilities to
communities lacking basic access to sanitation facilities.
1
For preparation of the sewerage master plan the consultants have divided the city into three sewerage zones
namely central zone, northern zone and southern zone. Selection of the central zone for the proposed sewerage
zone has been done since it is the most congested and densely populated part of the city.
Collection and Treatment The improvements proposed include:

• Construction of one sewerage treatment plant (STP) of 30 MLD using extended aeration system
with filter press unit on the right bank of the Haora River. Siting the STP near the Bangladesh
border.
• Provision of 9,152 household connections covering 34% of the city’s population;
• Construction of 29 km of primary mains, 57 km of secondary collectors, which shall be laid
along the existing roads wherever possible.
• Although gravity flow is planned wherever possible, construction of 8 pumping stations is
proposed to pump the sewage in low-lying areas to the nearby gravity sewer or to the STP.
Low Cost Sanitation Facilities. The improvements proposed include:

• Under the community upgradation component proposals are made for provision of sewerage
network in the slum areas. Proposals are also made for construction of flush latrines and toilets
on a pilot scale for communities presently lacking sanitation facilities. Towards this (i)
community toilet blocks with 6 water closets each have been proposed, (ii) financial assistance
to 1000 households for upgrading pit latrines and pour flush latrines and connection to the
proposed sewers.
(c) Solid Waste Management

The proposals include improvement of (i) primary and secondary collection
efficiencies, (ii) existing system for transportation of wastes, and (iii) treatment and
disposal of wastes in accordance with Solid Waste Handling Rules (SWHR).
Improvement of Collection System. The components proposed include:

• Introduction of house-to-house waste collection through source segregation to 15,000
households within the central zone of the city. This shall be done in three phases, with a target
of 5,000 households per year for three years during the project implementation;
• Provision of 25 liter household bins and heavy duty PVC bags to be used for segregation of
wastes;
• Provision of 1000 nos. 30 liter dustbins at public places;
• Provision of 700 wheelbarrows to be used by sweepers in central areas of the city; and,
• Provision of 70 nos. of 4.5 cu.m community dustbins to be used in areas where bell ringing or
house-to-house service is not provided.
Transportation facilities. Operational improvements of the existing refuse

vehicles through incorporation of more vehicles with proper tipping and hydraulic
loading/unloading arrangements.
• Provision of 5 medium duty tipper trucks for collecting the wastes from house to house with
introduction of bell ringing system in the periphery areas to households along the main road;
• Provision for augmentation of existing fleet of tipper trucks for carrying waste loads from the
transfer station to the landfill sites; and,
• Provision of 2 bulldozers, 3 tipper trucks, 2 JCBs and 2 loader bobcats for disposal site and
composting plant operations.
Garage and transfer station. The components proposed include

• Two transfer stations of 600cu.m capacity have been proposed at (i) Malay Nagar at the south
east portion to cater waste from the central and southern portion of GAPA towards ultimate
disposal to Nagichora disposal site and (ii) Indranagar at north east portion to cater waste from
central and northern portion; and,
• Development of a new garage cum parking facility at Malay nagar transfer station to
accommodate 24 refuse vehicles.
Treatment and Disposal. The components proposed include

• Development of two new disposal sites one at Nagichora (South West) and one at Paschim
Noabadi (North-East) with proper arrangement of access, waste retention and leachate
collection facilities;
• Detailed design of the new disposal sites and sanitary land filling system;

• Development of a compost plant of 50 TPD at Paschim Noabadi site, and,

• Installation of 2 electronic weighbridges for improved vehicle management at the new disposal
sites.
(d) Drainage and Flood Control

The project shall improve the drainage conditions and reduce the flooding in some
of the densely populated areas, which are vulnerable to recurrent flooding. A total
of 37 critical drainage blocks have been identified within the GAPA. The proposals
include (i) improvement of existing drains, (ii) construction of an embankment
along the Katakhal river and (iii) improvements to pumping stations including
sluice valve repairs.
Construction of Drains. Construction / improvement of drains for a total length of

50.2km in the 37 drainage blocks identified as vulnerable to flooding is proposed.
The lengths of the various sizes of drains proposed are as follows: (i) 1.5 x 1.0m
size for a length of 2.90km; (ii) 2.5 x 1.5m size for a length of 19.8km; (iii) 2.0 x
1.2m size for a length of 15.5km; (iv) 3.5 x2.2 m size for a length of 3.3km; and (v)
3.0 x 1.8 m size for a length of 8.7km.
Construction/ Raising of Embankment. Construction of embankment of around

2 Km on Katakhal at the downstream point up to the Indian Border i.e., to the
BRTF road.
Improvements to Pumping Stations including Sluice Valve Repairs.

Construction of sluice gates and pumping stations2 to pump out the water from
Akhaura and Kalapania, from their extreme end in Indian Territory to the Katakhal
River.
(e) Transportation and Street Lighting

Sub-projects in the transportation and street lighting sector have been identified to
help eliminate congestion and improve the operational efficiencies of the existing
system.
Improvement of City Roads. A total of 75.5 km of roads within the GAPA,

comprising 22 road stretches, are proposed for improvements. Based on the
traffic levels, existing conditions etc, the following treatments are proposed: (i)
resurfacing, (ii) widening and (iii) reconstruction.
Improvement of Congested Intersections. Improvement of 4 major intersections

in the city, (i) motor stand junction; (ii) Battola junction; (iii) Jackson gate junction;
and, (iv) North gate junction.
Replacement of Existing Wooden Bridges. Replacement of three existing

wooden bridges, those are presently in a dilapidated condition. The proposed
RCC bridges with a standard 2 lane clear width shall provide an improved traffic
flow.
Construction of Parking Places and Terminals. Development of a parking

place at the Motor Stand Junction to accommodate a total of 235 cars in an area
2
After analyzing the natural drainage, it is found that pumping from downstream end (Indian Border) of Akhora and
Kalapania will play a pivotal role in draining the Agartala city area during heavy rain.
of 0.42 ha. Improvements at the existing bus stations at Chandrapur and

Radhanagar. Construction of two truck terminals.
Provision of Street Lighting.A total of 42.1km roads within GAPA, comprising 17

road stretches have been identified as priority roads for provision of street lighting.
(f) Community Upgradation

Towards improvement of localities with a high population of BPL households,
community-upgrading projects are proposed in 10 of the 52 slums of the city.
These provide for
• Construction of footpaths and small (4-6 m) roads, capable of supporting light delivery vehicles
• Construction of water supplies, water connections, sewerage and sewer connections,
• Where water or sewerage cannot be provided, construction of hand pump wells and community
latrines/washing points and Provision of solid waste bins.
• Provision of road and footpaths.

16. Fiin
F Op
ncciiaall O
naan ng
peerraattiin Pllaan
gP n
16.1. INTRODUCTION
The Financial Operation Plan (FOP) is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances
of the local bodies. The objective of FOP is to assess the investment sustenance
capacity of urban local body. An exercise of this nature to be rigorous, existence
of well-developed financial management systems and reliable information base is
necessary. In the North Eastern Region, the information base is very weak. The
systems are inadequately developed. Further, many of the services are being
provided by the state through state budget financing. Hence any attempt to
develop FOP would only be partial. Within this constraint an attempt has been
made to develop a broad assessment framework for project investment.
This chapter presents the Financial and Operating Plan (FOP) in respect of the
Agartala Municipal Council (AMC). The FOP examines the financial feasibility and
sustainability aspect in the context of not only the fiscal management at the AMC
level, but also the institutional arrangements for state-local, and centre-state fiscal
transfers, and the fiscal capacities of the state and central governments.
The FoP is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the ULBs for a medium
term of 7 to 10 years with a view to examine the sustainable of the identified new
investments under the JNNURM. It deals with the pattern of financing the new
investment that considers alternative sources of financing the vision and the
accompanying strategy and programmes. It needs to mentioned that the identified
investment is phased from 2006-07 to 2011-12 and the FOP has also been
generated from the same period. The financial data of the AMC is used for the
purpose. A spreadsheet FOP model has been customized so as to work out the
ultimate investment sustaining capacity of the corporation, based on the FOP
assumptions.
16.2. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROPOSALS
16.1.1. The Investment Requirements
In the above sections of this report, priority investment projects for the city of
Agartala to be covered by the two sub-missions of the JNNURM are identified and
cost estimates are given for each of the core service sectors based on the rapid
appraisal of the levels and status of urban services. Basically, the cost estimates
are derived from the projected demand-supply gap assessments for each of the
service sectors as also the norms derived from various sources.
The summary of sector-wise investment requirements are as in Table 16-1. The

total investment required would be over Rs. 123609.83.lakhs.

Table 16-1: Estimated Investment requirements JNNURM (Rs. Lakhs)

INVESTMENT
NEEDS @ 2006
Project Components
prices
(Rs lakhs)
3 Storm Water Drainage 6183.68
4 River Embankment 3214.44
6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection
40758.46
improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)
Sub Total 151836.95
The shares of different sectors of the total JNNURM investment are as shown in
Figure 16-1. It shows that over 27% of the investment would be going towards
traffic and transportation and street lighting sector, sewerage and sanitation,
drainage, water supply are the other major sectors.
5% 8%
1%0% 2%
17%
25%
4%
2%
5%
1% 3% 0%
27%

SWM T&T
Figure 16-1

16.1.2. The Financing Strategies
Toolkit – 1 of the JNNURM process explains the funding pattern and sanction and
disbursement of the assistance1. With the population size of 3.68 lakhs Agartala
Municipal Council Area comes under category C for the purpose of funding. (See
Figure 16-2). Accordingly, for the purpose of Sub-Mission on Urban Infrastructure
and Governance projects, Agartala is eligible for a grant covering 90 percent of
the cost from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent to be raised
by the Tripura government, from either own sources or from borrowings. As
regards the Sub-Mission for basic services for urban poor, 90 percent of the cost
will be from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent needs to be
raised by the State government.
Figure 16-2: Funding Pattern of JNNURM Projects Under Sub-Mission for

Urban Infrastructure and Governance
Given the total requirement, the funding pattern of the new investment for Agartala
city could be as in Table 16-2. The total share of the Central government would
1
Government of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission – Toolkit -1 Framework and Process.
be Rs 1112.48 Crores, while that of the State government of Tripura would be Rs

123.60 Crores.
Table 16-2: Funding Pattern of the new investment for Agartala City - Contribution
by different levels of government (Rs, Lakhs)
Central Govt.
Total Investment State Govt. Share
Sector (JNNURM Funding)
Needs (2006 prices) (10%)
(90%)
Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 1333.82
Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 2786.19
Storm water drainage & River
9398.12 8458.31 939.81
Embankment
Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 37.93
Traffic and Transportation (Road
Improvement, Intersection
40758.46 36682.61 4075.85
improvement, Flyovers, Parking,
Terminals)
Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 468.00
Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 1612.47 179.16
Construction of Indoor Stadium &
8106.00 7295.40 810.60
Stadium
Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 36617.63 4068.63
Preservation of water bodies 700.00 630.00 70.00
Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 113.70
Urban governance and capacity
3000.00 2700.00 300.00
building
Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 15183.69
Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 776.69
Total 159603.84 143643.47 15960.38
The share of investment needs by various institutions would be as given in Table

16-3.
Table 16-3: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)
Total Central Govt.
no Needs (2006 Funding)
prices) (90%)
1 Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 12004.42
Sewerage and
2 27861.95 25075.76 25075.76
Sanitation
Storm water drainage &
3 9398.12 8458.31 8458.31
River Embankment
Solid Waste
4 379.35 341.42 341.42
Management
Traffic and
Transportation (Road
Improvement,
5 40758.46 36682.61 36682.61
Intersection
improvement, Flyovers,
Parking, Terminals)
6 Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 4212.00
7 1791.63 1612.47 1612.47
playgrounds
Construction of Indoor
8 8106.00 7295.40 7295.40
Stadium & Stadium
Other Enabling
9 40686.25 36617.63 36617.63
Development Projects
10 Preservation of water 700.00 630.00 630.00

Total Central Govt.

no Needs (2006 Funding)
prices) (90%)
bodies
11 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 1023.26
Urban governance and
12 3000.00 2700.00 2700.00
capacity building
Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 50220.18 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00
Slum Development and
1 7766.88 6990.19 6990.19
Housing
Total 159603.84 143643.47 57210.37 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00
16 (% By institution) 100 39.8 5.9 25.8 25.5 2.9
Table 16-4: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)
Base Cost
Institution 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(2006 prices)
AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20
UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00
PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23
PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68
TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25
Total 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37
16.3. AMC FINANCE PROJECTIONS
16.1.3. Forecast of Revenue Income
The projections of finance situation of AMC have been made assuming the past
trends and certain resource mobilization measures such as introduction of
property tax by the year FY 2008/09 and its revision by FY 2011/12. Table 16-5
and Table 16-6 present the assumptions and the projected revenue and
expenditure of Agartala Municipal Council. Table 16-7 presents the projected
revenue and expenditure of PHED and PWD.
Table 16-5: Assumption Adopted for Forecasting Realization under Various Heads
Item Alternate scenario
I House tax Introduction of house tax by 2008/09. The revision of
taxes would take place by the year 2011/12. .
II Other tax Advertisement tax collection to the tune of 15%. Water
tax up to 3%
III Income from municipal properties, Forecast adopting current average growth rate, to the
realization under sp. Acts, Inst., Rent & tune of 15%.
Others
IV State Government and Other Grants Up to a maximum of 24%
Table 16-6: AMC – Projected Revenue and Expenditure Pattern (Rs. Millions)
Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Opening Balance 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60
A- Own Sources- Taxes
1 Property Tax 106.62 134.29 171.12 191.98 252.15 295.44
2 Advertisement Tax 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.43
3 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25
4 Scavenging Tax 9.31 10.71 12.54 18.41 21.17 24.34
Sub Total A 116.36 145.47 184.18 210.95 273.94 320.47
B- Own Sources- Non Taxes
1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.48

Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

2 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal Activities 7.29 8.76 10.53 12.66 15.21 18.28
3 Registration and Licence Fee 1.51 1.75 2.03 2.36 2.73 3.17
4 Building Plan Approval 3.10 4.60 6.84 10.16 15.09 22.42
5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
6 Income Sanitation Operation 0.49 0.56 0.65 0.75 0.87 1.00
7 Other Fees and Fines 0.93 1.14 1.40 1.72 2.12 2.60
8 Others 1.80 1.67 1.55 1.44 1.34 1.24
Sub Total B 15.52 18.93 23.49 29.62 37.95 49.37
C- State Transfers and Grants
1 General Transfers 78.94 79.18 83.80 88.99 93.26 97.56
2 Grant in Aid 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34
Sub Total C 87.27 87.51 92.14 97.33 101.60 105.90
Grand Total Revenue Income 219.16 251.92 299.81 337.90 413.49 475.74
Revenue Expenditure
A Establishment
1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 116.05 129.98 145.57 163.04 182.61 204.52
2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 14.75 16.52 18.50 20.72 23.20 25.99
3 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 12.34 13.82 15.48 17.34 19.42 21.75
4 Other Allowances 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39
Sub Total A- Establishment 143.47 160.66 179.91 201.46 225.61 252.64
B Operation & Maintenance
1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.40
2 Vehicle Maintenance etc 3.64 3.83 4.02 4.22 4.43 4.65
3 Maint. of Roads, Drains & other Civil works 6.80 7.14 7.50 7.88 8.27 8.68
4 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.71
5 Solid Waste Disposal 3.63 3.81 4.00 4.20 4.41 4.64
6 Power Charges- Lighting 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33
7 Telephone Charges 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35
8 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total B- O & M 15.53 16.30 17.10 17.94 18.82 19.75
C Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing- Existing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Debt Servicing- New 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
D Additional O & M
Addl. O&M for New Investments 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62
Sub Total D 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62
Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 159.00 180.07 207.72 238.81 273.66 312.02
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 60.15 71.85 92.09 99.09 139.83 163.72
Capital Receipts
1 Finance Commission Grants 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 15.01
2 General Grants from State 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 10.00
3 Grant by GOI 668.99 895.77 1434.33 905.11 933.28 397.13
4 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Capital Receipts 689.83 916.61 1455.17 925.95 954.12 422.14
Capital Expenditure
A Capital Works
1 General Capital Works 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 0.00
2 Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.93
3 Slum Improvement 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.69
4 Improvement of Markets 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.77
5 Parks and Gardens 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.44
6 Heritage Conservation 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.00
7 Stadium Development 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.01
8 Improvement of Playground 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.39
9 Street Lighting 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19
# Other Projects 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83
Grand Total Capital Expenditure 764.16 1016.14 1614.54 1026.51 1057.82 441.25
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -74.33 -99.53 -159.37 -100.57 -103.70 -19.12
Closing Balance 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21
Summary of Financial Indicators
1 Operating Ratio 0.73 0.46 0.69 0.71 0.66 0.66
2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.05
3 Share of Estab.of the Total Expenditure 90.23 89.22 86.61 84.36 82.44 80.97
4 Share of Revenue Spent on Establishment 65.47 63.77 60.01 59.62 54.56 53.11
5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Income

Table 16-7: PHED & PWD – Projected Revenue and Expenditure Pattern (Rs. Millions)
Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
II- Public Health Engineering Department
Opening Balance -41.0 -41.2 -41.2 -45.6 -56.0 -74.6
Revenue Income
1 Water Tax
2 Water Charges 10.66 15.01 16.77 20.52 23.05 23.50
3 Sewer Charges 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Income Thru Tanker Supply and Others
5 New Connection Fee- Water Supply 7.61 4.95 5.69 6.54
6 New Connection Fee- Sewerage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Income 18.27 19.96 22.46 27.06 30.57 32.16
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 18.49 19.99 21.60 23.35 25.24 23.35
2 O&M
3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 5.20 14.13 23.94 34.59
4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Expenditure 18.49 19.99 26.80 37.48 49.18 57.94
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -0.22 -0.03 -4.34 -10.42 -18.61 -25.79
Capital Receipts
1 General Grants
2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Project Grant Component- GOI 327.64 668.47 785.13 820.85 674.20 270.14
4 Project Grant Component- State 36.40 74.27 87.24 91.21
Capital Expenditure
A Capital Works
1 Water Supply 0.00 173.18 289.12 303.58 315.14 236.20
2 Sanitation and Sewerage 364.04 569.57 583.25 608.48 433.97 63.95
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Closing Balance -41.18 -41.21 -45.55 -55.97 -74.58 -100.37
II- Public Works Department

Opening Balance -31.7 -40.2 -49.5 -80.1 -134.3 -214.4
Revenue Income
1 Income
Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 8.53 8.78 9.04 9.32 9.60 9.88
2 O&M
3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.51 21.52 44.92 70.52 98.38
4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Expenditure 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -8.53 -9.29 -30.56 -54.23 -80.11 -108.27
Capital Receipts
1 General Grants
2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Project Grant Component- GOI 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00
4 Project Grant Component- State 2.54 117.26 137.52 143.98 150.26
Capital Expenditure 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00
A Capital Works
1 Roads to be Under Taken by PWD 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79
2 Storm Water Drainage 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Closing Balance -40.22 -49.50 -80.07 -134.30 -214.41 -322.68
16.4. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT

Table 16-8 presents the sustainable investment of AMC, PHED and PWD.
Table 16-8: Sustainable Investment by Institution (Rs. Millions)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total
Sustainable Investments
1 AMC 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.25 5816.22
2 PHED 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15 3940.47
3 PWD 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67 5702.21
Total 0.00 1132.71 2910.66 3841.22 3357.50 3288.73 928.08 15458.90

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Total Commitment by GoI (90% of Project
0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27 13913.01
Cost)
Funding Commitment for the Project
1 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Grant by GoI 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27 13913.01
Self Generated Funds by Local Body
3 0.00 113.27 291.07 384.12 335.75 328.87 92.81 1545.89
or State
Additional Support for Deficit Funding
1 AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 PHED 6.64 0.22 0.03 4.34 10.42 18.61 25.79 66.04
3 PWD 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27 299.27
Total Support from State 14.91 122.02 300.38 419.03 400.40 427.59 226.86 1911.20
16.5. RESULTS OF THE FOP
The FOP is generated for the sustainable investment. The 7-year FOP of AMC is
presented in Appendix 16.1. It may be noted that, under the assumptions made,
the AMC records a positive closing balance during all the years of the planning
horizon. This improvement in the performance of AMC would be due to the
enhanced revenue from own sources by way of rationalising property tax and
charges, improving collection efficiency and widening the tax base.
The results of the FOP in terms of the total investment required, investment
sustainable and source-wise funding of the sustainable investment for the AMC is
presented in Appendix 16.1 to 16.8.

A
Appp
peen
nddiicceess
Appendix 15.1
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR AGARTALA CITY - 2011

(To be funded under JNNURM)
BaseCost Phased Investment Needs (including annual inflation of 5%) (Rs. Lakhs) Total Cost
Sl.No. LIST OF PROJECTS (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs)
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012
A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE

1 Water Supply
1. Augmentation of surface water drawing from river Gumti at Mohanbhog appx. 45 km from Agartala
including intermediate pumping statoins. 4859.25 1020.4425 1071.46 1125.04 1181.29 1240.35 5638.59
2. Construction of New Deep Tube Well as 30 % standby, ( 15 nos) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.85
3. Construction of Iron Removal plant (IRP)
(iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P&T Quarters (20 MLD) 316.00 82.95 87.10 91.45 96.02 357.52
4. Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML
(I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML
(ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML
(iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML
(iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML
(v) Zone-17--------------------------->1.92ML 877.80 230.42 241.94 254.04 266.74 993.15
5. Construction of Primary Network in distribution system (12.52 Kms) 455.20 119.49 125.46 131.74 138.32 515.02
6. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in distribution system (195 Kms) 1214.50 334.75 351.48 369.06 387.51 1442.80
7. Provision for Consumer meters ( 16000 nos) 1983.73 546.77 574.10 602.81 632.95 2356.63
8. Provision for House service connections (16000 nos) 1623.63 447.51 469.89 493.38 518.05 1928.83
9. Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument (1 no) 7.00 7.35 7.35
10. Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD capacity 1567.50 411.47 432.04 453.64 476.33 1773.48
11. Construction O H Reservoir (1 Nos) 2.5ML 275.00 72.19 75.80 79.59 83.57 311.14
1.1 Land Cost 53.63 56.31 56.31
Sub Total 13,338.24 0.00 2,037.37 3,401.42 3,571.49 3,707.53 2,778.87 15,496.67
2 Sewerage & Sanitation
2.1 Central Zone
1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 15 MLD 727.50 181.88 190.97 200.52 210.54 783.90
2. Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places, 5 Nos 534.00 133.50 140.18 147.18 154.54 575.40
3. Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm
Dia), 2.00 Kms 172.00 43.00 45.15 47.41 49.78 185.34
4. Construction of Primary Network System, 25.00 Kms 1122.50 280.63 294.66 309.39 324.86 1209.53
5. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network, 49.00 Kms 2200.30 440.06 462.06 485.17 509.42 534.90 2431.61
6. Provision for Household Connections, 41116 nos 5287.50 1057.50 1110.38 1165.89 1224.19 1285.40 5843.36
7. Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines, 1 no 40.00 44.10 44.10
8. Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC, 6 nos 52.20 13.70 14.39 15.11 15.86 59.06
9. Assistance to Households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain,
2000 nos 292.20 76.70 80.54 84.56 88.79 330.60
2.2 Northern Zone
2. Construction of Primary Network System, 28.00 kms 1260.00 315.00 330.75 347.29 364.65 1357.69
3. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network , 55.00 kms 2469.00 617.25 648.11 680.52 714.54 2660.42
4. Provision for Household Connections , 22059 nos 2837.00 567.40 595.77 625.56 656.84 689.68 3135.24
5. Community toilet block with 6 WC, 6 nos 52.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 58.83
6. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains ,
1000 nos 146.00 38.33 40.24 42.25 44.37 165.19
2.3 Southern Zone
2. Construction of Primary Network System , 27.00 kms 1215.00 318.94 334.88 351.63 369.21 1374.66
3. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System , 53.00 kms 2385.00 626.06 657.37 690.23 724.75 2698.41
4. Provision for Household Connections , 21501 nos 2765.00 580.65 609.68 640.17 672.17 705.78 3208.46
5. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 58.83
6. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains,
1000 nos 146.00 40.24 42.25 44.37 46.58 173.44
2.4 Land Cost 468.75 234.38 246.09 480.47
Sub Total 27,861.95 4,282.84 6,700.77 6,861.75 7,158.53 5,105.50 752.37 30,861.76
3 Solid Waste Management
1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60 32.26 33.87 35.57 101.70
2.Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter bins, household bins, wheel 115.00 31.70 33.28 34.95 36.69 136.62
3. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00 36.66 38.49 40.42 115.56
1
Appendix 15.1
Sl No 4. Awareness and IEC LIST OF PROJECTS
50.00 13.78 14.47 15.19 15.95 59.40
3.1 Land Cost 35.75 19.71 20.69 40.40
Sub Total 379.35 0.00 0.00 65.19 137.36 122.50 128.63 453.68
4 Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment Development 0.00 0.00 6.52 13.74 12.25 12.86
4.1 Storm water Drains
1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86 899.29 944.25 991.47 1041.04 3876.04
2. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82 723.93 760.12 798.13 838.04 3120.22
Sub Total 6,183.68 0.00 1,623.22 1,704.38 1,789.59 1,879.07 0.00 6,996.26
4.2 River Embankment
1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1440.24 378.06 396.97 416.81 437.66 1629.50
2. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1353.80 355.37 373.14 391.80 411.39 1531.70
3.Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40 110.36 115.87 121.67 127.75 475.65
Sub Total 3,214.44 0.00 843.79 885.98 930.28 976.79 0.00 3,636.85
5 Urban Transportation and Street Lighting
5.1 Road Improvement
1. Approach Road of Jagatpur - Dhaleswar RCC bridge 42.32 11.11 11.66 12.25 12.86 47.88
2. Rajnagar bridge link road 194.31 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 219.85
3. Central road to up to bypass 946.95 248.57 261.00 274.05 287.76 1071.39
4. Pratapgarh bridge link road upto Sadhu tilla 181.36 47.61 49.99 52.49 55.11 205.19
5. Baldakhal road 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.99
6. Nagichara road (towards Dumping ground ) 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.99
7. Dhaleswar road-3,4,6,7,8,9,10&12-15,17 560.38 147.10 154.45 162.18 170.28 634.01
8. Ramnagar road -7-10& Ranjitngar road 229.90 63.37 66.53 69.86 73.35 273.11
9. Joynagar middle road lane 1-6 86.21 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.42
10. Kadamtala -Advisor Chowmuhani to Colonel Chowmuhani via Weight & Measurement Office 48.28 13.31 13.97 14.67 15.40 57.35
11. Shylark-Bidurkarta via Old Kalibari & Banerjee para 107.76 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.02
12. Jahar bridge to Ramthakur school via Gandhighat & link road (bottom of embankment) 241.39 66.53 69.86 73.35 77.02 286.77
13. Howrah Embankment road from Aralia to Chandrapur 98.03 27.02 28.37 29.79 31.28 116.46
14. Battala to Jaipur embankment road 392.12 102.93 108.08 113.48 119.16 443.65
15. Ranjitnagar to Chandrapur (Katakhal embankment road ) 735.23 193.00 202.65 212.78 223.42 831.84
16. Barjala-Ushabazar via Chandinamura 241.81 63.48 66.65 69.98 73.48 273.59
17. Camper Bazar to Battala via Dinadayal Asram Kali tilla& Bapuji School 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.99
18. AD Nagar Drop Gate to Dukli Block Chowmuhani via SIPARD,Beltali and Panchamukh 81.87 21.49 22.56 23.69 24.88 92.62
19. Netaji Statue on Central Road Extention to Stadium to Subhash Nagar 362.11 95.05 99.81 104.80 110.04 409.69
20. Kashipur on NH-44 to Moriyamnagar to Lalmatia to GB Road 96.89 26.71 28.04 29.44 30.92 115.10
21. MB Tilla to Rajnagar to Golchakkar to Ranjitnagar to Lankamura to Airport Road 40.67 11.21 11.77 12.36 12.98 48.32
22. Opposite Cancer Hospital to Buddha Mandir via Jagatpur and Harijan Colony 163.75 42.98 45.13 47.39 49.76 185.27
23. Bardowali School on NH-44to Siddhi Ashram via Pally Unnayan Sangha,Stadium and (proposed)
670.26
Railway Station 175.94 184.74 193.98 203.68 758.33
24. Bhatta Pukur Bus Stop on NH-44 to Bapuji School to AD Nagar School 242.26 63.59 66.77 70.11 73.62 274.10
25. Tehsil office (East PS)to behind Tulasibari School to LN Bari to Town Hall to North Gate 132.64 36.56 38.39 40.31 42.32 157.57
26. Netaji Chowmuhani to Gandhi School in Old Gangali 148.93 41.05 43.10 45.25 47.52 176.92
27. Harish Thakur Road near Sat Sangha to Buddha Mandir via Bijoy Kumar Chowmuhani and Parijat
242.00
Bridge 66.70 70.04 73.54 77.22 287.50
28. Roads in Ramnagar (Road No 1,2,3,4,5,6and back Lane) 231.41 60.75 63.78 66.97 70.32 261.82
29. Roads in Dhaleswar (Road No 2,5,11and 16) 100.34 26.34 27.66 29.04 30.49 113.52
30. A.D. Nagar Road No.1 to 24. (8 KM) 518.17 136.02 142.82 149.96 157.46 586.26
31. Dropgate to SIPARD. (1.5 KM) 64.66 16.97 17.82 18.71 19.65 73.16
32. Siddhi Ashram to By-Pass/Rly. Station via Durga bari, Roy colony & R.K. Mission. (3 KM) 194.31 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.84
33. Block Chowmohani to Amtali P.S. via Baishnab - Tilla. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.58
34. Badharghat to Beltali Via Chowrangi. (1 KM) 43.11 11.88 12.48 13.10 13.75 51.21
35. MB Tilla to Matripalli via Central godown. (500 Mtr.) 21.55 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.60
36. Camperbazar to Chowrangi via Hospital & Loknath. (1.3 KM) 56.04 14.71 15.45 16.22 17.03 63.40
37. Chowrangi to Lalbazar via Navadiganta to ONGC 1st gate. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.17
38. Jorapukur to Balurchar (upto South Joynagar bridge) 43.11 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 48.77
39. Kalikapur Golchakkar to Rampur Sluice gate. (1 KM) 43.11 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 48.77
40. TV Tower to Kathaltali via Ichabazar/Stadium. (3.0 KM) 194.31 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.84
41. Badharghat Chowmohani to By-pass via Kabiraj tilla, Nabinpalli, Subhash
nagar, Maloy nagar, Netaji Colony, Aralia. (10 KM) 647.71 178.53 187.45 196.82 206.67 769.47
42. Milan Chakra to Stadium (500 mtr.) 21.55 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.60
43. Bidyasagar Chowmohani to Sukanta Colony via Banik Para (2.5 KM) 107.76 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.02
44. Jahar bridge to Stadium via Janakalyan, Pratapgarh & BBC Club (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.17
45. Bardowali School to Kabiraj tilla (2 KM) 86.21 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 97.54
2
Appendix 15.1
Sl No 46. Navadiganta to Ishan Ch. Nagar viaLIST OF PROJECTS
Karaimura (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.17
47. Siddhi Asram to Pancha Mukh (1 KM) 16.60 4.36 4.57 4.80 5.04 18.78
48. Siddhi Asram to Khudiram Colony via Baishnab Tilla & Roy Colony. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.58
49. Milan Sangha to Arabinda Sangha (700 mtr.) 30.17 8.32 8.73 9.17 9.63 35.85
50. East Chandinamura to Nutannagar Market via Madhya Bhuban ban High School. (5 KM) 323.86 89.26 93.73 98.41 103.33 384.73
51. Gurkhabasti to A R ground via Nutan basti. (2 KM) 129.54 34.00 35.71 37.49 39.36 146.57
52. West Bhubanban main road to Bin para via Roy para. (1.8 KM) 77.59 20.37 21.39 22.46 23.58 87.79
53. Gandhi Road to West Chandinamura via Mathbari / ICDS Centre. (2.5 KM) 107.76 28.29 29.70 31.19 32.75 121.93
54. West Bhubanban S.B. School to Paul para via Lankamura Bridge. (2.0 KM) 86.21 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.42
55. 79 Tilla to Chandmari A.H. dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.81
56. SDO Chowmohani to Rubber Board road via A.H. Dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.81
57. FCI godown to Amtali via Sukanta Colony & Marak para. (2.0 KM) 86.21 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 97.54
58. Chandrapur (NH-44) to GB road via Laddu Chowmohani (3 KM) 194.31 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 219.85
5.1.1 Land Cost (4.46+2.37+2.71) hect 477.00 238.50 250.43 488.93
Sub Total 11,350.64 238.50 2,232.63 2,997.05 3,146.90 3,304.24 1,060.07 12,979.39
5.2 Construction of RCC bridges
5.2.1 Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal
1. At Abhoynagar (Near Pragati School ) Over Katakhal River ,100m Length 350.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79
Sub Total 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79
5.2.2 Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah
1. Central Road Extension Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 509.13
2. At Pratapgarh (Near Ramthakur School ) Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 509.13
3. At Baldakhal Over Howrah River ,110m Length 412.50 108.28 113.70 119.38 125.35 466.71
Sub Total 1,312.50 0.00 344.53 361.76 379.85 398.84 0.00 1,484.97
5.2.3 Other Bridges
1. At Nagicherra ( 2 bridges) ,30m Length each 195.00 53.75 56.43 59.26 62.22 231.66
2. Barjala - Nutannagar , 20m Length 65.00 17.92 18.81 19.75 20.74 77.22
3.RCC Bridges /Culverts (19 Nos) 25 m each in length 1543.75 425.50 446.77 469.11 492.56 1833.94
Sub Total 1,803.75 0.00 0.00 497.16 522.02 548.12 575.52 2,142.82
5.3 Fly Overs
1. At Battala Zone (1.7 km) 5950.00 1561.88 1639.97 1721.97 1808.07 6731.88
2. Central Area (1.5km) 5250.00 1378.13 1447.03 1519.38 1595.35 5939.89
3. G.B.Medical area (1.2 km) 4200.00 1102.50 1157.63 1215.51 1276.28 4751.91
4. Motor stand to Chandrapur (1.1 km) 3850.00 1010.63 1061.16 1114.21 1169.92 4355.92
5. North Gate to Colonel Chowmani (1.3 km) 4550.00 1194.38 1254.09 1316.80 1382.64 5147.91
Sub Total 23,800.00 0.00 6,247.50 6,559.88 6,887.87 7,232.26 0.00 26,927.51
5.4 Intersection Improvement
1. Shankar 4-arm Junction (3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.75
2. Paradise 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.75
3. Math 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.75
4. TRIC 3-arm Junction(2250 sqm) 56.25 20.67 21.71 22.79 65.17
5. Bidurkarta 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.89
6. Ganaraj 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.89
7. Jackson Gate Junction(2000 sqm) 50.00 18.38 19.29 20.26 57.93
8. Battala 3-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.89
5.4.1 Land Cost(3000sqm+3000 sqm) 30.00 15.00 15.75 30.75
Sub Total 586.25 15.00 94.50 204.42 214.64 134.21 0.00 662.78
5.5 Bus Terminals
1. New construction of Motor- Stand at Agartala Railway Station (4000 sqm) 94.70 24.86 26.10 27.41 28.78 107.14
2. New construction of Motor- Stand at Capital Complex(3800 sqm) 89.97 23.62 24.80 26.04 27.34 101.79
3. Improvement of Nagerjala-Battala Motor stand(25000 sqm) 910.66 239.05 251.00 263.55 276.73 1030.32
5.5.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 50.00 52.5 52.50
Sub Total 1,145.32 0.00 340.02 301.90 316.99 332.84 0.00 1,291.76
5.6 Truck Terminal
1. New construction of Truck Terminal (10000 sqm) 374.25 103.15 108.31 113.73 119.41 444.60
5.6.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 35.75 39.414375 39.41
Sub Total 410.00 0.00 0.00 142.57 108.31 113.73 119.41 484.02
5.7 Street lighting (HPSV)
1. About 100 km @ 30,000 per pole 1020.00 281.14 295.19 309.95 325.45 1211.74
2. Capacity addition to Agartala grid sub-station(1x30 MVA, 132/33 KV, 5x33 KV bay etc) 600.00 165.38 173.64 182.33 191.44 712.79
3. UG cabling by 3 core 11 kv line for about 25 km 1000.00 275.63 289.41 303.88 319.07 1187.98
4. UG cabling by 1 core 33 kv line between 3/4 sub-grids 2060.00 567.79 596.18 625.99 657.29 2447.24
3
Appendix 15.1
Sl No LIST OF PROJECTS
Sub Total 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.74
6 City Beautification & Environmental improvement
6.1 Parks
1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00 16.54 17.36 18.23 19.14 71.28
2. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm each 135.00 37.21 39.07 41.02 43.07 160.38
3. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00 117.6 123.48 129.65 136.14 142.94 649.81
6.1.1 Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13 41.71 43.79 45.98 131.49
Sub Total 880.13 41.71 161.39 223.21 186.09 195.39 205.16 1,012.96
6.2 Development of playgrounds
1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
2. Pragati School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
3. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
4. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.65
5. Jute Mill field (10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.65
6. Bhagat Sing Colony field (10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.65
7. Sadhu tilla School (10000sqm) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.85
8. Indranagar High School field (10000sqm) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.85
6.2.1 Land Cost (20000sqm) 71.50 25.03 26.28 27.59 78.89
Sub Total 911.50 0.00 98.53 219.21 351.73 255.26 134.01 1,058.73
6.3 Construction of Indoor Stadium
1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+1500sqm gallery) 201.00 55.40 58.17 61.08 64.13 238.78
2. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00 727.65 764.03 802.23 842.35 884.46 4020.73
6.3.1 Land Cost (20000 sqm) 100.00 33.33 35.00 36.75 105.08
Sub Total 3,766.00 33.33 762.65 856.18 860.40 903.43 948.60 4,364.59
6.4 Construction of Stadium
1. Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity 30,000) 2541.00 667.01 700.36 735.38 772.15 2874.91
2. Lichubagan (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.02
3. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.02
4. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 487.64
5. Aralia School field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 487.64
6.4.1 Land Cost (15000 sqm) 75.00 25.00 26.25 27.56 78.81
Sub Total 4,340.00 25.00 919.54 1,203.10 1,234.32 1,296.03 275.04 4,953.03
7 Preservation of Water Bodies
1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00 147 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27
Sub Total 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27
8 Other Enabling Development Projects 0.00 14.70 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87
8.1 Development of Markets
1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.72
2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.72
3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.72
4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 54.31
5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 54.31
6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00 13.23 13.89 14.59 15.32 57.02
7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00 19.85 20.84 21.88 22.97 85.53
8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87 66.53
8.1.1 Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00 18.33 19.25 20.21 57.80
Sub Total 471.00 54.33 82.25 134.87 120.39 82.65 56.16 530.66
Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar, Dukli,
8.2 Other Places Provision for PPP
1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5,000.00 1750.00 1837.50 1929.38 5,516.88
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1,500.00 393.75 413.44 434.11 455.81 1,697.11
Sub Total 6,500.00 1,750.00 1,837.50 2,323.13 413.44 434.11 455.81 7,213.99
8.3 IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other suitable places
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (25 Acres /
101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm) 2,650.00 695.63 730.41 766.93 805.27 2,998.23
Sub Total 5,150.00 875.00 918.75 1,660.31 730.41 766.93 805.27 5,756.67
New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places (10000
8.4 houses)
4
Appendix 15.1
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (10000
Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs. 10000/sq.m) 1,544.00 405.30 425.57 446.84 469.19 1,746.89
Sub Total 11,544.00 3,500.00 3,675.00 4,264.05 425.57 446.84 469.19 12,780.64
8.5 Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area
1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2,000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 2,206.75
Sub Total 2,000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 2,206.75
8.6 Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar
1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10,000.00 3500.00 3,675.00 3,858.75 11,033.75
Sub Total 10,000.00 3,500.00 3,675.00 3,858.75 11,033.75
8.7 Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar
1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 331.01
Sub Total 300.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 331.01
8.8 War Memorial 500.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 551.69
Sub Total 500.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.69
8.9 Other Projects
1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25 40.31 42.33 44.44 46.66 173.74
2. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00 833.49 875.16 918.92 964.87 3592.45
3. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00 193.67 203.36 213.52 610.55
4. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00 120.49 126.51 132.84 139.48 519.32
8.2.1 Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00 32.50 34.125 66.63
Sub Total 4,221.25 32.50 154.61 1,193.98 1,253.68 1,316.37 1,011.53 4,962.68
9 Heritage Conservation
Urban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace complex 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 1256.48
Sub Total 1,136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1,256.48
10 Urban Governance & Capacity Building
1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban governance reforms suggested
3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.813 607.753 638.141 3400.96
Sub Total 3,000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3,400.96
B SUB MISSION 2: BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR
1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums)
1. Infrastructure components Toilet,Roads,Drains,Street Light and Drinking water 4200.00 840.00 882.00 926.10 972.41 1021.03 4641.53
1.1 2. Land Cost (4.2 hect) 150.15 75.08 78.82875 153.90
Sub Total 4,350.15 915.08 960.83 926.10 972.41 1,021.03 0.00 4,795.43
2 Slum Housing
1. Costruction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60 372.246 390.86 410.40 430.92 452.47 2056.89
2. Road 537.50 197.53 207.41 217.78 622.72
3.Street Light 34.13 13.17 13.83 14.52 41.51
2.1 4. Land Cost (30hect.) 1072.50 536.25 563.0625 1099.31
Sub total 3,416.73 536.25 935.31 588.39 630.98 662.53 466.99 3,820.44
Total Capital Investment Need for Agartala City 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37 180,236.71
5
Appendix 15.2
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS AMC - 2011

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

1 Solid Waste Management
1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.26 33.87 35.57 101.70
2.Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter bins, household bins,
wheel barrows etc 115.00 0.00 0.00 31.70 33.28 34.95 36.69 136.62
3. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.66 38.49 40.42 115.56
4. Awareness and IEC 50.00 0.00 0.00 13.78 14.47 15.19 15.95 59.40
1.1 Land Cost 35.75 0.00 0.00 19.71 20.69 0.00 0.00 40.40
Sub Total 379.35 0.00 0.00 65.19 137.36 122.50 128.63 453.68
2 City Beautification & Environmental improvement
2.1 Parks
1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00 0.00 0.00 16.54 17.36 18.23 19.14 71.28
2. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm each 135.00 0.00 0.00 37.21 39.07 41.02 43.07 160.38
3. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00 0.00 117.60 123.48 129.65 136.14 142.94 649.81
2.1.1 Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13 41.71 43.79 45.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 131.49
Sub Total 880.13 41.71 161.39 223.21 186.09 195.39 205.16 1,012.96
2.2 Development of playgrounds
1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
2. Pragati School field(10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
3. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.73
4. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.65
5. Jute Mill field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.65
6. Bhagat Sing Colony field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.65
7. Sadhu tilla School (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.85
8. Indranagar High School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.85
2.2.1 Land Cost (20000sqm) 71.50 0.00 25.03 26.28 27.59 0.00 0.00 78.89
Sub Total 911.50 0.00 98.53 219.21 351.73 255.26 134.01 1,058.73
2.3 Construction of Indoor Stadium
1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+1500sqm gallery) 201.00 0.00 0.00 55.40 58.17 61.08 64.13 238.78
2. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00 0.00 727.65 764.03 802.23 842.35 884.46 4020.73
2.3.1 Land Cost (20000 sqm) 100.00 33.33 35.00 36.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 105.08
Sub Total 3,766.00 33.33 762.65 856.18 860.40 903.43 948.60 4,364.59
2.4 Construction of Stadium
1. Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity 30,000) 2541.00 0.00 667.01 700.36 735.38 772.15 0.00 2874.91
2. Lichubagan (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 0.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.02
3. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 0.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.02
4. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 0.00 487.64
5. Aralia School field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 0.00 487.64
1
Appendix 15.2
Sl2.4.1
No Land Cost (15000 sqm)
LIST OF PROJECTS
75.00 25.00 26.25 27.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.81
Sub Total 4,340.00 25.00 919.54 1,203.10 1,234.32 1,296.03 275.04 4,953.03
3 Preservation of Water Bodies
1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27
Sub Total 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27
4 Other Enabling Development Projects
4.1 Development of Markets
1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.72
2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.72
3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.72
4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 0.00 54.31
5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 0.00 54.31
6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 0.00 13.23 13.89 14.59 15.32 57.02
7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00 0.00 0.00 19.85 20.84 21.88 22.97 85.53
8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00 0.00 0.00 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87 66.53
4.1.1 Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00 18.33 19.25 20.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.80
Sub Total 471.00 54.33 82.25 134.87 120.39 82.65 56.16 530.66
Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar,
4.2 Dukli, Other Places Provision for PPP
1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5000.00 1750.00 1837.50 1929.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 5516.88
2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1500.00 0.00 0.00 393.75 413.44 434.11 455.81 1697.11
Sub Total 6500.00 1750.00 1837.50 2323.13 413.44 434.11 455.81 7213.99
IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other suitable
4.3 places
Land Costs (for 50 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 2500.00 875.00 918.75 964.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 2758.44
Acres / 101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm) 2650.00 0.00 0.00 695.63 730.41 766.93 805.27 2998.23
Sub Total 5150.00 875.00 918.75 1660.31 730.41 766.93 805.27 5756.67
New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places
4.4 (10000 houses)
1. Land Costs (for 250 acres @ Rs. 40 Lakhs/acre) 10000.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 11033.75
Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs. 10000/sq.m) 1544.00 0.00 0.00 405.30 425.57 446.84 469.19 1746.89
Sub Total 11544.00 3500.00 3675.00 4264.05 425.57 446.84 469.19 12780.64
4.5 Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area
1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 2206.75
Sub Total 2000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 2206.75
4.6 Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar
1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10000.00 0.00 0.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 11033.75
Sub Total 10000.00 0.00 0.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 11033.75
4.7 Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar
1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00 0.00 0.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 0.00 331.01
Sub Total 300.00 0.00 0.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 0.00 331.01
4.8 War Memorial 500.00 0.00 0.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.69
Sub Total 500.00 0.00 0.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.69
4.9 Other Projects
2
Appendix 15.2
1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25 0.00 0.00 40.31 42.33 44.44 46.66 173.74
2. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00 0.00 0.00 833.49 875.16 918.92 964.87 3592.45
3. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00 0.00 0.00 193.67 203.36 213.52 0.00 610.55
4. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00 0.00 120.49 126.51 132.84 139.48 0.00 519.32
4.9.1 Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00 32.50 34.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.63
Sub Total 4221.25 32.50 154.61 1193.98 1253.68 1316.37 1011.53 4962.68
5 Heritage Conservation
Urban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace complex 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1256.48
Sub Total 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1256.48
6 Urban Governance & Capacity Building

1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban governance reforms
suggested 3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3400.96
Sub Total 3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3400.96
B SUB MISSION 2: BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR
1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums)
( Infrastructure components Toilet,Roads,Drains,Street Light and Drinking water ) 4200.00 840.00 882.00 926.10 972.41 1021.03 0.00 4641.53
1.1 Land Cost (4.2 hect) 150.15 75.08 78.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 153.90
Sub Total 4350.15 915.08 960.83 926.10 972.41 1021.03 0.00 4795.43
2 Slum Housing
1. Costruction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60 0.00 372.25 390.86 410.40 430.92 452.47 2056.89
2. Road 537.50 0.00 0.00 197.53 207.41 217.78 0.00 622.72
3.Street Light 34.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.17 13.83 14.52 41.51
2.1 Land Cost (30hect.) 1072.50 536.25 563.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1099.31
Sub total 3416.73 536.25 935.31 588.39 630.98 662.53 466.99 3820.44
Total Capital Investment Need for AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20 71,296.40
3
Appendix 15.3
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR PWD - 2011

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

1 Urban Transportation
1.1 Road Improvement
1. Approach Road of Jagatpur - Dhaleswar RCC bridge 42.32 0.00 11.11 11.66 12.25 12.86 0.00 47.88
2. Rajnagar bridge link road 194.31 0.00 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 0.00 219.85
3. Central road to up to bypass 946.95 0.00 248.57 261.00 274.05 287.76 0.00 1071.39
4. Pratapgarh bridge link road upto Sadhu tilla 181.36 0.00 47.61 49.99 52.49 55.11 0.00 205.19
5. Baldakhal road 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.99
6. Nagichara road (towards Dumping ground ) 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.99
7. Dhaleswar road-3,4,6,7,8,9,10&12-15,17 560.38 0.00 147.10 154.45 162.18 170.28 0.00 634.01
8. Ramnagar road -7-10& Ranjitngar road 229.90 0.00 0.00 63.37 66.53 69.86 73.35 273.11
9. Joynagar middle road lane 1-6 86.21 0.00 0.00 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.42
10. Kadamtala -Advisor Chowmuhani to Colonel Chowmuhani via Weight & Measurement Office
48.28 0.00 0.00 13.31 13.97 14.67 15.40 57.35
11. Shylark-Bidurkarta via Old Kalibari & Banerjee para 107.76 0.00 0.00 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.02
12. Jahar bridge to Ramthakur school via Gandhighat & link road (bottom of embankment) 241.39 0.00 0.00 66.53 69.86 73.35 77.02 286.77
13. Howrah Embankment road from Aralia to Chandrapur 98.03 0.00 0.00 27.02 28.37 29.79 31.28 116.46
14. Battala to Jaipur embankment road 392.12 0.00 102.93 108.08 113.48 119.16 0.00 443.65
15. Ranjitnagar to Chandrapur (Katakhal embankment road ) 735.23 0.00 193.00 202.65 212.78 223.42 0.00 831.84
16. Barjala-Ushabazar via Chandinamura 241.81 0.00 63.48 66.65 69.98 73.48 0.00 273.59
17. Camper Bazar to Battala via Dinadayal Asram Kali tilla& Bapuji School 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.99
18. AD Nagar Drop Gate to Dukli Block Chowmuhani via SIPARD,Beltali and Panchamukh 81.87 0.00 21.49 22.56 23.69 24.88 0.00 92.62
19. Netaji Statue on Central Road Extention to Stadium to Subhash Nagar 362.11 0.00 95.05 99.81 104.80 110.04 0.00 409.69
20. Kashipur on NH-44 to Moriyamnagar to Lalmatia to GB Road 96.89 0.00 0.00 26.71 28.04 29.44 30.92 115.10
21. MB Tilla to Rajnagar to Golchakkar to Ranjitnagar to Lankamura to Airport Road 40.67 0.00 0.00 11.21 11.77 12.36 12.98 48.32
22. Opposite Cancer Hospital to Buddha Mandir via Jagatpur and Harijan Colony 163.75 0.00 42.98 45.13 47.39 49.76 0.00 185.27
23. Bardowali School on NH-44to Siddhi Ashram via Pally Unnayan Sangha,Stadium and (proposed) Railway Station
670.26 0.00 175.94 184.74 193.98 203.68 0.00 758.33
24. Bhatta Pukur Bus Stop on NH-44 to Bapuji School to AD Nagar School 242.26 0.00 63.59 66.77 70.11 73.62 0.00 274.10
25. Tehsil office (East PS)to behind Tulasibari School to LN Bari to Town Hall to North Gate 132.64 0.00 0.00 36.56 38.39 40.31 42.32 157.57
26. Netaji Chowmuhani to Gandhi School in Old Gangali 148.93 0.00 0.00 41.05 43.10 45.25 47.52 176.92
27. Harish Thakur Road near Sat Sangha to Buddha Mandir via Bijoy Kumar Chowmuhani and Parijat Bridge
242.00 0.00 0.00 66.70 70.04 73.54 77.22 287.50
28. Roads in Ramnagar (Road No 1,2,3,4,5,6and back Lane) 231.41 0.00 60.75 63.78 66.97 70.32 0.00 261.82
29. Roads in Dhaleswar (Road No 2,5,11and 16) 100.34 0.00 26.34 27.66 29.04 30.49 0.00 113.52
30. A.D. Nagar Road No.1 to 24. (8 KM) 518.17 0.00 136.02 142.82 149.96 157.46 0.00 586.26
31. Dropgate to SIPARD. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 16.97 17.82 18.71 19.65 0.00 73.16
32. Siddhi Ashram to By-Pass/Rly. Station via Durga bari, Roy colony & R.K. Mission. (3 KM) 194.31 0.00 0.00 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.84
33. Block Chowmohani to Amtali P.S. via Baishnab - Tilla. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 0.00 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.58
34. Badharghat to Beltali Via Chowrangi. (1 KM) 43.11 0.00 0.00 11.88 12.48 13.10 13.75 51.21
35. MB Tilla to Matripalli via Central godown. (500 Mtr.) 21.55 0.00 0.00 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.60
36. Camperbazar to Chowrangi via Hospital & Loknath. (1.3 KM) 56.04 0.00 14.71 15.45 16.22 17.03 0.00 63.40
37. Chowrangi to Lalbazar via Navadiganta to ONGC 1st gate. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.17
38. Jorapukur to Balurchar (upto South Joynagar bridge) 43.11 0.00 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 0.00 48.77
39. Kalikapur Golchakkar to Rampur Sluice gate. (1 KM) 43.11 0.00 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 0.00 48.77
40. TV Tower to Kathaltali via Ichabazar/Stadium. (3.0 KM) 194.31 0.00 0.00 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.84
41. Badharghat Chowmohani to By-pass via Kabiraj tilla, Nabinpalli, Subhash
nagar, Maloy nagar, Netaji Colony, Aralia. (10 KM) 647.71 0.00 0.00 178.53 187.45 196.82 206.67 769.47
42. Milan Chakra to Stadium (500 mtr.) 21.55 0.00 0.00 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.60
43. Bidyasagar Chowmohani to Sukanta Colony via Banik Para (2.5 KM) 107.76 0.00 0.00 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.02
44. Jahar bridge to Stadium via Janakalyan, Pratapgarh & BBC Club (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.17
45. Bardowali School to Kabiraj tilla (2 KM) 86.21 0.00 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 0.00 97.54
46. Navadiganta to Ishan Ch. Nagar via Karaimura (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.17
47. Siddhi Asram to Pancha Mukh (1 KM) 16.60 0.00 4.36 4.57 4.80 5.04 0.00 18.78
48. Siddhi Asram to Khudiram Colony via Baishnab Tilla & Roy Colony. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 0.00 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.58
49. Milan Sangha to Arabinda Sangha (700 mtr.) 30.17 0.00 0.00 8.32 8.73 9.17 9.63 35.85
1
Appendix 15.3
50. East Chandinamura to Nutannagar Market via Madhya Bhuban ban High School. (5 KM) 323.86 0.00 0.00 89.26 93.73 98.41 103.33 384.73
51. Gurkhabasti to A R ground via Nutan basti. (2 KM) 129.54 0.00 34.00 35.71 37.49 39.36 0.00 146.57
52. West Bhubanban main road to Bin para via Roy para. (1.8 KM) 77.59 0.00 20.37 21.39 22.46 23.58 0.00 87.79
53. Gandhi Road to West Chandinamura via Mathbari / ICDS Centre. (2.5 KM) 107.76 0.00 28.29 29.70 31.19 32.75 0.00 121.93
54. West Bhubanban S.B. School to Paul para via Lankamura Bridge. (2.0 KM) 86.21 0.00 0.00 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.42
55. 79 Tilla to Chandmari A.H. dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 0.00 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.81
56. SDO Chowmohani to Rubber Board road via A.H. Dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 0.00 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.81
57. FCI godown to Amtali via Sukanta Colony & Marak para. (2.0 KM) 86.21 0.00 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 0.00 97.54
58. Chandrapur (NH-44) to GB road via Laddu Chowmohani (3 KM) 194.31 0.00 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 0.00 219.85
1.1.1 Land Cost (4.46+2.37+2.71) hect 477.00 238.50 250.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 488.93
Sub Total 11350.64 238.50 2232.63 2997.05 3146.90 3304.24 1060.07 12979.39
1.2 Construction of RCC bridges
1.2.1 Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal
1. At Abhoynagar (Near Pragati School ) Over Katakhal River ,100m Length 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79
Sub Total 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79
1.2.2 Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah
1. Central Road Extension Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 0.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 0.00 509.13
2. At Pratapgarh (Near Ramthakur School ) Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 0.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 0.00 509.13
3. At Baldakhal Over Howrah River ,110m Length 412.50 0.00 108.28 113.70 119.38 125.35 0.00 466.71
Sub Total 1312.50 0.00 344.53 361.76 379.85 398.84 0.00 1484.97
1.2.3 Other Bridges
1. At Nagicherra ( 2 bridges) ,30m Length each 195.00 0.00 0.00 53.75 56.43 59.26 62.22 231.66
2. Barjala - Nutannagar , 20m Length 65.00 0.00 0.00 17.92 18.81 19.75 20.74 77.22
3.RCC Bridges /Culverts (19 Nos) 25 m each in length 1543.75 0.00 0.00 425.50 446.77 469.11 492.56 1833.94
Sub Total 1803.75 0.00 0.00 497.16 522.02 548.12 575.52 2142.82
1.3 Fly Overs
1. At Battala Zone (1.7 km) 5950.00 0.00 1561.88 1639.97 1721.97 1808.07 0.00 6731.88
2. Central Area (1.5km) 5250.00 0.00 1378.13 1447.03 1519.38 1595.35 0.00 5939.89
3. G.B.Medical area (1.2 km) 4200.00 0.00 1102.50 1157.63 1215.51 1276.28 0.00 4751.91
4. Motor stand to Chandrapur (1.1 km) 3850.00 0.00 1010.63 1061.16 1114.21 1169.92 0.00 4355.92
5. North Gate to Colonel Chowmani (1.3 km) 4550.00 0.00 1194.38 1254.09 1316.80 1382.64 0.00 5147.91
Sub Total 23800.00 0.00 6247.50 6559.88 6887.87 7232.26 0.00 26927.51
1.4 Intersection Improvement
1. Shankar 4-arm Junction (3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.75
2. Paradise 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.75
3. Math 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.75
4. TRIC 3-arm Junction(2250 sqm) 56.25 0.00 0.00 20.67 21.71 22.79 0.00 65.17
5. Bidurkarta 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.89
6. Ganaraj 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.89
7. Jackson Gate Junction(2000 sqm) 50.00 0.00 0.00 18.38 19.29 20.26 0.00 57.93
8. Battala 3-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.89
1.4.1 Land Cost(3000sqm+3000 sqm) 30.00 15.00 15.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.75
Sub Total 586.25 15.00 94.50 204.42 214.64 134.21 0.00 662.78
1.5 Bus Terminals
1. New construction of Motor- Stand at Agartala Railway Station (4000 sqm) 94.70 0.00 24.86 26.10 27.41 28.78 0.00 107.14
2. New construction of Motor- Stand at Capital Complex(3800 sqm) 89.97 0.00 23.62 24.80 26.04 27.34 0.00 101.79
3. Improvement of Nagerjala-Battala Motor stand(25000 sqm) 910.66 0.00 239.05 251.00 263.55 276.73 0.00 1030.32
1.5.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 50.00 0.00 52.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.50
Sub Total 1145.32 0.00 340.02 301.90 316.99 332.84 0.00 1291.76
1.6 Truck Terminal
1. New construction of Truck Terminal (10000 sqm) 374.25 0.00 0.00 103.15 108.31 113.73 119.41 444.60
1.6.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 35.75 0.00 0.00 39.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.41
Sub Total 410.00 0.00 0.00 142.57 108.31 113.73 119.41 484.02
Total Capital Investment Need for PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68 46,389.03
2
Appendix 15.4
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR PHED - 2011

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

1 Water Supply
1. Augmentation of surface water drawing from river Gumti at Mohanbhog appx. 45 km from Agartala including intermediate pumping
statoins. 4859.25 0.00 1020.44 1071.46 1125.04 1181.29 1240.35 5638.59
2. Construction of New Deep Tube Well as 30 % standby , ( 15 nos) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.85
3. Construction of Iron Removal plant(IRP)
(iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P & T Quarters (20 MLD) 316.00 0.00 82.95 87.10 91.45 96.02 0.00 357.52
4. Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML
(I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML
(ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML
(iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML
(iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML
(v) Zone-17- 877.80 0.00 230.42 241.94 254.04 266.74 0.00 993.15
5. Construction of Primary Network in distribution system (12.52 Kms) 455.20 0.00 119.49 125.46 131.74 138.32 0.00 515.02
6. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in distribution system (195 Kms) 1214.50 0.00 0.00 334.75 351.48 369.06 387.51 1442.80
7. Provision for Consumer meters ( 16000 nos) 1983.73 0.00 0.00 546.77 574.10 602.81 632.95 2356.63
8. Provision for House service connections (16000 nos) 1623.63 0.00 0.00 447.51 469.89 493.38 518.05 1928.83
9. Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument (1 no) 7.00 0.00 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.35
10. Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD capacity 1567.50 0.00 411.47 432.04 453.64 476.33 0.00 1773.48
11. Construction O H Reservoir (1 Nos) 2.5ML 275.00 0.00 72.19 75.80 79.59 83.57 0.00 311.14
1.1 Land Cost 53.63 0.00 56.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.31
Sub Total 13338.24 0.00 2037.37 3401.42 3571.49 3707.53 2778.87 15496.67
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.1 Central Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 15 MLD 727.50 181.88 190.97 200.52 210.54 0.00 0.00 783.90
2. Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places , 5 Nos 534.00 133.50 140.18 147.18 154.54 0.00 0.00 575.40
3. Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm Dia), 2.00 Kms 172.00 43.00 45.15 47.41 49.78 0.00 0.00 185.34
4. Construction of Primary Network System , 25.00 Kms 1122.50 280.63 294.66 309.39 324.86 0.00 0.00 1209.53
5. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network ,49.00 Kms 2200.30 440.06 462.06 485.17 509.42 534.90 0.00 2431.61
6. Provision for Household Connections , 41116 nos 5287.50 1057.50 1110.38 1165.89 1224.19 1285.40 0.00 5843.36
7. Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines, 1 no 40.00 0.00 0.00 44.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.10
8. Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.20 0.00 13.70 14.39 15.11 15.86 0.00 59.06
9. Assistance to Households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain , 2000 nos 292.20 0.00 76.70 80.54 84.56 88.79 0.00 330.60
2.2 Northern Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) , 34 MLD 1649.00 412.25 432.86 454.51 477.23 0.00 0.00 1776.85
2. Construction of Primary Network System , 28.00 kms 1260.00 315.00 330.75 347.29 364.65 0.00 0.00 1357.69
3. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network , 55.00 kms 2469.00 617.25 648.11 680.52 714.54 0.00 0.00 2660.42
5. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 0.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 0.00 58.83
6. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains , 1000 nos 146.00 0.00 38.33 40.24 42.25 44.37 0.00 165.19
2.3 Southern Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) , 41 MLD 1989.00 0.00 522.11 548.22 575.63 604.41 0.00 2250.37
2. Construction of Primary Network System , 27.00 kms 1215.00 0.00 318.94 334.88 351.63 369.21 0.00 1374.66
3. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System , 53.00 kms 2385.00 0.00 626.06 657.37 690.23 724.75 0.00 2698.41
5. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 0.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 0.00 58.83
6. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains , 1000 nos
146.00 0.00 0.00 40.24 42.25 44.37 46.58 173.44

2.4 Land Cost 468.75 234.38 246.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 480.47
Sub Total 27861.95 4282.84 6700.77 6861.75 7158.53 5105.50 752.37 30861.76
Total Capital Investment Need for PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23 46,358.43
1
Appendix 15.5
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR UDD - 2011

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

1 Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment Development
1.1 Storm water Drains
1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86 0.00 899.29 944.25 991.47 1041.04 0.00 3876.04
2. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82 0.00 723.93 760.12 798.13 838.04 0.00 3120.22
Sub Total 6183.68 0.00 1623.22 1704.38 1789.59 1879.07 0.00 6996.26
1.2 River Embankment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1440.24 0.00 378.06 396.97 416.81 437.66 0.00 1629.50
2. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1353.80 0.00 355.37 373.14 391.80 411.39 0.00 1531.70
3. Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40 0.00 110.36 115.87 121.67 127.75 0.00 475.65
Sub Total 3214.44 0.00 843.79 885.98 930.28 976.79 0.00 3636.85
Total Capital Investment Need for UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00 10,633.11
1
Appendix 15.6
ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR TRIPURA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD - 2011

Sl.No LIST OF PROJECTS (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs)
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

1
Street lighting (HPSV)
1. 100 km @ 30,000 per pole 1020.00 281.14 295.19 309.95 325.45 1211.74
2. Capacity addition to Agartala grid sub-station(1x30 MVA, 132/33 KV, 5x33 KV bay etc) 600.00 165.38 173.64 182.33 191.44 712.79
3. UG cabling by 3 core 11 kv line for about 25 km 1000.00 275.63 289.41 303.88 319.07 1187.98
4. UG cabling by 1 core 33 kv line between 3/4 sub-grids 2060.00 567.79 596.18 625.99 657.29 2447.24
Sub Total 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.74
Total Capital Investment Need for TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.74
1
Appendix 16.1

Revenue Receipts (Rupees)
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005
I
1 Property Tax (Including Water Tax) 5653602 5894094 7922923 9058019 9217968 16236093 17761654
2 Touji Collection (Rent from Markets, Stalls, and Land) 3068167 3509890 4644969.5 5019820 2013076 7,164,041 13,359,698
Food license 0 0 0 0 0 81,999 89,648
3 License Fees
a Trade License 485459 609804 557591 600986 606101 821,958 1,373,125
b Bicycle 10814 7100 7642 6680 0 0 0
c Rickshaw 467567 268780 197019 143238 156540 294,114 373,363
d Domestic Dog 0 397 0 0 0
e Vendor License/Hand Cart 57211 0 752,305 1,433,355
4 Birth/Death Registration Fees 35691 51390 49874 207397 194564 217,555 118,024
5 Approval Fees for Building Construction 254590 378835 510050 1429035 1539327 2,942,210 6,035,455
6 Connection Fees for Domestic Water Connection 214025 26905 23015 587341 565161 548,763 633,438
7 Hoarding Charge 91385 112240 105000 107155 73760 59,192 297,465
holding mutation fee 0 928,250
8 Drinking Water Tax * 244625 254750 257026 0 0 0
Total Revenue Income 10525925 11113788 14275109.5 17217279 14366497 29,118,230 42,403,475
II Income From Service Charge (Non-Revenue
Income)
1 Supply of Drinking Water by Tanker 0 450394 394950 453,650 404,240
2 Clearance of Septic Tank 22409 33074 83300 58750 89220 170,125 414,974
3 Estimate cost for Domestic Cost for Water 196351 42291 38597 1081961 1123268 1,119,220 1,189,346
Connection
4 Interest on Fixed Deposit 3379274 2119520 574337 153523 718930 86,156 122,046
5 Rent for Town Hall 86305 115945 163610 245053 39702 12,200 275,692
6 Collection from sanitary loan 109038 198413 85650 82450 114650 130,950 137,200
7 collection from sulabh pit latrine loan 69693 109500 41215 105173 165818 131,022 90,058
8 Collection From Service Charge From Different 0 168676 65400 56,400 536,015
Department/ Government/Non-Government Hospital
9 Recovery from Different Advance from Staffs 997666 1160038 1272122 1237797 918795 1,199,686 1,032,240
10 Collection From Selling of Different Forms 0 90814 90684 124,498 173,092
11 Selling of Manure 0 0 0
1
Appendix 16.1
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005
12 Miscellaneous 97181.3 151095 185553 390246 504617 350,133 536,718
13 Bank Subsidy Amount 12000 8000 0 0 6000 22,500 0
14 LCS 61603 4738 0 0 24000 48,250 24,000
15 Receipt From Library 1581 3935
16 Security and Earnest Money** 10265 34407 28358
17 Unspent and Undisbursement*** 154167 37906.6 33117
A.S.S.P 0 206,750
Total Income From Service Charge 5197533 4018863 2505859 4064837 4256034 3,904,790 5,142,371
Grand Total Income 15723458 15132651 16780968 21282116 18622531 33,023,020 47,545,846
15.72 15.13 16.78 21.28 18.62 33.02302 47.545846
Grants (inc CSS) 40.44 46.20 65.49 91.63 69.50 67.8 150.7
Others 0.1190 1.6110 0.0000 1.7240 2.8680
2
Appendix 16.2
AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL: EXPENDITURE (RUPEES)

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005
Plan Expenditure
1 Direction and Administration 6239511 7180271 9154570 1180
2 Social Welfare (Orphanage) 81447 92983 124188 53061
3 Development of Town Hall 95789 0 37000 50200
4 Development of Market 2197124 2757670 183334 523775
5 Construction of Important Roads and Drains 7677405 7793238 1431224 1314368
6 Important Bus stands/passenger sheds 290207 39480 0 45219
7 Beautification of park/island/traffic point 441087 436709 459995 5141
8 Electrification of Roads including consumption 900000 0 0 0
charges
9 Development of Burial and Cremation Ground 156965 55510 0 42578
10 Drinking water facilities in Crisis area 125657 0 0 137809
11 Construction of municipal office building 270850 44668 112985 67523
12 Purchase of Store Material 205618 205160 537210 655904
13 Any other Scheme 1082571 399044 64639 0
14 Art Gallery 0 0 0 0
15 Municipal Guest House 589390 0 0 0
16 SUEP 589390 411000 0 0
17 Remuneration of Water Areas (A.M.C) 81508
18 Maintenance of Family Registration 86654
19 Land Acquisition 621711
20 Miscellaneous 1002068
Total 20943011 19415733 12105145 4688699 9529524 15445081 22480000
Slum/EIUS&NSDP
1 Improvement of Roads and Drains 3871517 2316650 3806875 1885917
2 Electrificaiton of Roads including Consumption 1300000 500000 0 0
Charges
3 Community Latrine and Bath 633801 39528 141182 195248
4 Community Centre 0 57118 0 14728
5 Development of House/Landsites 0 0 0 0
6 Providing Drinking Water facilities hydrants and 466402 727605 74603 10786
Tube well
7 Other Miscellaneous Works 44400 2192240 72683 57659
Total 6316120 5833141 4095343 2164338 3557194 2593363 2354000
1 Agartala Water Supply 2000000 0 0 0
2 Construction of Feeder Drains 2321924 1941988 364748 276978
1
Appendix 16.2
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

3 Conversion of Dry Latrines 0 0 0 0
4 Construction of Dust Bins 0 73191 0 0
5 Silt Clearance 134825 694530 2103491 4067116
6 Solid Waste Disposal 1728963 2418131 1177116 2440912
7 Improvement of Dumping and Trenching 69695 32754 0 0
Ground
8 Sewerage and Sanitation 171938 0
9 Purchase of Machinery Equipment 89394
10 Public Awareness Programme 4090
11 Miscellaneous 35509
Total 6255407 5160594 3817293 6913999 6715243 3926146 8539000
1 Model Housing Colony 500790 2240 0 3786
2 Construction of Night Shelter 0 0 0 0
3 B.M.S (Housing) 620544 458100 1508343 864830
Total 1121334 460340 1508343 868616 7912857 9462893 3865000
1 Capital outlay on Urban Infrastructure 390367 454419 0 0
Development
2 Roads Transportation Development 49400 0 40900 0
3 Nehru Rozgar Yojana 785786 210228 38250 0
4 Urban Basic Services Programme 698911 82112 0 0
5 IDSMT 1789356 1340772 639849 135742 0 0 4641000
6 Slaughter House 247211 2969137 48971 876702
7 Swarna Jayanthi Swarozgar Yojana 426535 1254774 1439115
8 Border Area Development Programme 388503 108658 0
9 Drainage 8301472
10 Award of Finance Commission 41177
Total 3961031 5871706 2131402 10794208 0 0 4641000
1 M.P.L.A.D 2781269 3433215 0 0
2 Special Central Assistance 2061358 2110356 19012589 0
3 Deposit Work 59253 858097 1788822 803141
4 LCS 482625 96525 0 0
5 NSDP 44400
6 Science and Technology Complex 72540
Total 5384505 6498193 20801411 920081
others 0 0 0 0 0 0 10601000
GRAND TOTAL 43981408 43239707 44458937 26349941 27714818 31427483 52480000
NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE
1 Staff Salary 26898803 34538849 38453927.6 50028911.7 49168617 48014786 46160000
2
Appendix 16.2
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

2 Fixed Wages 6075340 6482397 6845776.26 6164497 6235222 6399836 8083000
3 Wages to Labour 874469 243522 343528 43429 67347 0 130000
4 TA and DA 29129 15000 7000 29959 32493 65695 78000
5 LTC 16188 0 0 0 67902 81885 92000
6 Festival Advance 711000 972150 879900 880400 507400 1098004 1025000
7 Medical Reimbursement 13917 7153 2212 56059 30199 111114 88000
8 Honorarium 46989 23706 23307 67777 119843 41960 40000
9 Employers Contribution to PF 6221 7225 6946.8 18156 7424 7476 7000
10 OT to Drivers 42382 40796 39782 44955 40150 81116 42000
11 Gratuity 717657 770042 1650573 1294011 1342571 1609622 2356000
12 Liverise 172957 187301 126476 202923 121179 213701 114000
13 Bicycle/motor cycle/Scooter Advance to Staff 6909 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 Salary and Allowance to Chairperson/Vice 37250 32973 32073 23650 12000 33200 62000
chairperson/Councillor
15 House building loans to staff 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 Allowances to Architect 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 Medical Advance 30000 15000 100000 27925 25165 75000 34000
18 Pension 1700000 1000000 1600000 3872060 4384266 5318026 7125000
19 Printing and Stationery 343447 328086 135969 524621 661502 438988 498000
20 Telephone Charge 78346 120651 113936 134285 107361 141054 129000
21 Electric Charge 1000000 25960 256674 245293 39321 58985 353000
22 Purchase of Typewriter, Gestetner Machine, etc 36567 57962 0 0 16978 42580 13000
23 Insurance premium for vehicle 27203 95558 82324 54937 192564 133987 117000
24 Clearance of septic tank 0 0 0 0 0 0
25 Cost of Petrol and Lubricant 1378416 1501830 2137996.5 2024378 2176314 4880756 4727000
26 Repayment of LIC and other loans 990534 1698759 546999 457952 2906050 0 0
27 Cost of spare parts of vehicle 708573 885840 528930 68799 850762 2807748 1283000
28 Maintenance of Roads and Drains and office 1044202 14560 0 687994 0 0 0
building
29 Other charge 215166 111140 582374.5 0 0 0 0
30 Legal expenses 38915 39542 58431.75 47197 77378 144901 322000
31 Office Bi-cycle including repairing,etc. 325 631.29 5402.67 19686 0 0 0
32 Furniture 150418 62724 3639 244827 48739 53156 30000
33 Running and maintenance of water supply 231341 65852 47073 892771
34 Food adulteration 4456 7666 8524 5225 21337 24325 15000
35 Construction Equipment 21988 208484 10043 161826.15 0 0 0
36 Audit Fees 0 0 0 0 0 0
37 Cultural Affairs 277515 45675 48874 167772 0 0 0
3
Appendix 16.2
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

38 Education 175893 8888 20097 0 0 0 0
39 Cushion for Revision of Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0
40 Municipal Hospital 0 0 0 0 0 0
41 Rent for Work office and Godown 44701 36600 39256 66661 26700 80659 55000
42 Silt Clearance, Removal of Garbages and 73050 197657 109548 404659 0 0 0
Hiring charge for Vehicle
43 Advertisement 279235 245487 120166.9 228857 282078 217339 137000
44 Maintenance of Park and Island 0 0 0 0 0 0
45 Running and Maintenance of Orphanage 208998 384947 332137.75 352620 0 0 0
46 Immediate Relief 2000 0 0 0 0 0
47 Special Clearance 296880 0 0 0 0 0
48 Sc Welfare 2030 4050 12300 1500 9981 2000
49 Urban Development (Non-Plan) 271730 216988 0 0 0 0
50 SUEP 599960 999000 999000 0 0
51 Sarojini Memorial Trust 3006 0 0 0 0
52 Contract Worker/Officer 183504 205915 291226 249000
53 Leave Salary 623734 1167467 924256 1020000
55 Computer 99501 577828 187084 362000
56 Gas BasedCremation Ground 1000000 44420 206502 291000
57 Rabindra Jayanthi 23204 56000 74070 18000
58 Children Fair 17902 25000 20000 10000
59 Municipal School 13827 3145 25090 35000
60 Miscellaneous 470485 281039 298131 326000
61 festival grant 0 0 0 0 274975 236875 228000
62 repair of office equipment 16898 0 0
63 office maintance 384915 0 13000
64 purchase of public health & conservancy 103107 61620 127000
equipment
65 D.W.C. cost of materials & labour 1240962 963165 1189000
66 garbage clearance-hospital 16102 0 19000
67 National festival & cultural 224933 262267 331000
68 orphanage 224694 363907 329000
69 spl. Clearance programme 0 0 88000
70 chairperson(C.P) fund - charity 0 0 100000
71 Aids 20000 50440 162000
72 Sales tax 578040 586675 0
Upgradation of dwelling houses 645872 123480 0
Urban local Bodies (U.L.B) 0 23530 0
4
Appendix 16.2
S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

Rickshaw Number plate 0 122320 6000
Layer bird for BPL ( livelihood assistance) 0 69750 0
Training programme 0 187573 66000
A.S.S.P 0 0 191000
GRAND TOTAL 45007380 50754373 56123901.7 72988529.9 76660674 77263841 78277000
Total 88988788 93994080 100582839 99338470.9 104375492 108691324 130566000
5
Appendix 16.3
Details of Services (Service Levels)
Service Heads
Name of Town/ City GAPA AMC
Category of Local Body (A/B/C/Corporation)
I Area (Sq.Km.) 92.00 62.60 The area includes Agartala Municipality & Surrounding extension areas
II Population 0.680434783 which has been defined as Greater Agartala.
A General Population Growth Rate Ratios
1 1981 132186
2 1991 347877 274105 10.16 397955
3 2001 379893 368493.00 0.88 -9.28
4 2006 431915 416816 5.52 -3.75
5 2011 479211 460011 Population figus for 1981 are for Agartala Mnicipal Council area. For 1991
572799 & 2001 are for Greater Agartala Area. Projections are for Greater Agartals
6 2021 545792 Area & are as per Government of Tripura's Greater Agartala Development
III Water Supply Levels Proportion
A Supply Details
1 Surface Source (MLD) 21.62 54.80
2 Sub Surface/ Underground Source (MLD 17.83 45.20 4.50 35.10 23.40 58.50
3 Other Sources (MLD) 0.00 0.00 3.00 13.50 5.20
4 Total Gross Supply (MLD) 39.45 100.00 4.00 18.00
5 T&D Losses (MLD) 13.81 0.80 3.60
6 T&D Losses (% to total supply) 35.01 Assumed to be about 35%
7 Treatment Plant Capacity (MLD 31.50
8 Net Supply (MLD)
a Domestic/ Residentia 26.44 100.00
b Non Domestic/ Commercial & Industria 0.00 0.00 26.46
Total 26.44 100.00
9 Average per capita supply (lpcd 90.55
10 Population Served 292000 89
11 Planned Augmentation by design year (MLD)/ Existing Capaci 0.00
B Storage & Distribution Details
1 Ground Level Storage Reservoirs (ML
a Nos. 2
b Total Capacity 1.13 12.40
2 Elevated Storage Reservoirs (ML
a Nos. 15
b Total Capacity 7.98 87.60
3 Total Storage Capacity (ML 9.11
4 Distribution System (km)
a Transmission Mains 0.00 0.00
b Distribution Mains 0.00 0.00
Total Length 238.00 100.00
C Connection Details
1 Metered
a Domestic/ Residentia 0
b Non Domestic/ Commercia 0
c Industrial 0
Total- Metered 0
1
Appendix 16.3
Service Heads
2 Unmetered
a Domestic/ Residentia 0
b Non Domestic/ Commercia 0
c Industrial 0
Total- Unmetered 0 0.26
3 Total Water Connections 22000 83363.20
4 Standposts 500
5 Handpumps 0
6 Population Covered
a Metered 0 0.00
b Unmetered 0 0.00
Total 292000 100.00
c Standposts 25000 50
d Handpumps NA
IV Sewerage & Sanitation
A Underground Drainage
1 Length of Sewers (km) 0.00
3 Total Population covered 0
4 Total Sewage Generated (MLD 0.00
5 Treatment Plant Capacity (MLD 0.00
6 Connection Details
a Domestic/ Residentia
b Non Residential/ Commercia
Total Connections 0
B Sanitation
1 Sanitary Facilities (no. of units
a Septic Tanks
b Public Conveniences
c Low Cost Sanitation units 0
d Others 0
Total 0
2 Population Covered
a Septic Tanks 332575 77.00
b Public Conveniences
c Low Cost Sanitation units 0 0.00
d Others 0 0.00
Total 332575 100.00
V Solid Waste Management
A Waste Generation & Collection
1 Waste Generated (tons)
a Domestic @450 gms per person
b Industrial & Commercia 0.00 0.00
c Hospital 0.00 0.00
Total 195.00 100.00
2 Waste Collection
a Total Garbage Collected (tons 97.50 233.92
b No. of Collection Bins 52 506.67
2
Appendix 16.3
Service Heads
c No. of Trucks
Municipal 27 100.00
Private 0 0.00
Total 27 100.00 89.23
d Conservancy Staff
Municipal 203 100.00
Private 0 0.00
Total 203 100.00
e Vehicle Capacity (tons 277.00
3 Waste Disposal
a Total Waste Disposed (tons) 195.00
b Mode of Disposal- Qunatity (tons
Open Dumping 195.00
Sanitary Land Fil 0.00
Incineration 0.00
Recycling 0.00
Others 0.00
VI Roads, Storm Water Drainage & Street Lighting
A Roads
1 Surface Type length (km) Municipal PWD
a Concrete 0.00 0.00
b BT/ Tar 390.00 100.00 46.00 344.00
c WBM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
d Earthen/ Others 0.00 140.00 -140.00
Total 390.00 100.00 186.00 204.00
B Storm Water Drains 47.69 52.31 916.26
1 Drain Type length (km) 0.94
a Open Pucca Type
b Closed Pucca Type 0.00
c Kutcha Type 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00
C Street Lighting NA
1 Type (nos.)
a High Mast Lamps 0 0.00
b Mercury Vapour Lamps 10 0.08
c Sodium Vapour Lamps 803 6.63
d Tubelights 601 4.96
e Others 10700 88.33
Total 12114 100.00 31.06
3
Appendix 16.4
Service Norms
Service Heads 2006 2011

Existing Proposed
Name of Town/ City AMC
I Water Supply
A Service Level Indicators
1 Average per capita supply (Gross- lpcd 91.34 135.00 As per CPHEEO manual on Water Supply
2 Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of total supply 35.01 30
3 Average per capita supply (Net- lpcd 61.22 94.50
4 Treatment Capacity (% of Supply) 80 100
5 Distribution Network length (% road length 61 60
6 Storage Capacity Adequacy Ratio (% of supply 23.09 35
B Unit Costs for Project Costing
1 Source & Trunk line (Prop. as a % of total Rs. Lakh/ MLD 45.00
2 Treatment Facility (Rs. Lakh/ MLD) 20.00
3 Distribution Network (Rs. Lakh/ km) 15.00
4 Storage Facility (Rs. Lakh/ ML) 25.00
II Sewerage & Sanitation
1 Population covered thru' UGD (% to total popu. NA 50 To cover 100 % of Municipal Area
2 Population covered thru' individual units (% to total popu. 77.00 25
3 Population covered thru' LCS (% to total popu. 0.00 25
1 Cost of UGD (Rs. per capita) 2000.00
2 Cost of individual sanitary units (Rs. / unit) 15000.00
3 Cost of LCS units (Rs. / unit) 6600.00
III Solid Waste Mangement
1 Waste Generated per capita (grams 451.48 550.00
2 Collection performance ( % collected to generated 50 100
3 No. of trips made per vehicle 0.59 3.00
4 Density Adjustment Factor- vehicle capacity 0.6 0.60
5 Fleet of Vehicles (Proportion
a 5 Ton Vehicle- % 75.0
b 3 Ton Vehicle- % 25.0
c 1.5 Ton Vehicle- % 0.00
6 Total Waste Disposed - Tonnes/annum 71175.0 96201.61
1 Cost of Trucks (Rs. Lakh/ vehicle)
a 5 Ton Vehicle 10.00
b 3 Ton Vehicle 5.00
c 1.5 Ton Vehicle 4.00
2 Cost of Dustbins (Rs. / kg dustbin) 25.00
3 Cost of Processing & Disposal - Rs. /Tonne/annum 200.00
IV Roads
1 Proportion of Concrete Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 0
2 Proportion of BT Roads (% to Total Road Length 100.00 100
3 Proportion of WBM Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 0
4 Proportion of Earthen Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 0
5 Per Capita Road Length (m) 0.90 0.90
1 Upgradation/ Conversion Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km
1
Appendix 16.4
Service Norms
Service Heads 2006 2011

Existing Proposed
a Earthen to Black Topped 15.00
b Earthen to Water Bound Macadam 7.00
c Water Bound Macadam to Black Topped 6.00
d Black Topped to Concrete 20.00
2 New Formation- Capital Costs ( Rs. Lakh/ km)
a Concrete 50.00
b Black Topped 35.00
c Water Bound Macadam 10.00
d Earthen 3.00
V Storm Water Drainage
A Service Level Indicators-% Coverage
1 Proportion Open Pucca Drains (% to total road length 33.00 100
2 Proportion Closed Pucca Drains (% to total road length 0.00 0.00
3 Proportion Kutcha Drains (% to total road length NA 0.00
1 Conversion Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km
a Kutcha to pucca 15.00
2 Capital Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km)
a Open Pucca 14.00
b Closed Pucca 21.00
c Kutcha 5.00
VI Street Lighting
1 Average Spacing of lights (m) 32.20 30.00
2 Percentage SV Lamps to total ( %) 6.63 20
3 Percentage Tubelights to total ( %) 4.96 80.00
1 Tube Lights (Rs./ lamp) 4500.00
2 Sodium Vapour Lamps (Rs./ lamp) 9000.00
2
Appendix 16.5
Project Costing
Service Heads Physical Details Cost

Current Demand Gaps Rs. Lakh
Name of Town/ City AMC
I Water Supply
1 Source & Trunk line (MLD) 0.00 64.69 64.69 7569.14
2 Treatment Facility (MLD) 0.00 64.69 64.69 1293.87
3 Distribution Network (km) 238.00 259.62 21.62 324.36
4 Storage Facility (ML) 9.11 22.64 13.53 338.32
5 Total- Water Supply Project Cost 9525.68
II Sewerage & Sanitation

1 Popu. covered by Sewerage system NA 239606 239606 4792.11
2 Popu. covered by Individual sanitary units 332575 119803 0 0.00
3 Popu. covered by Low Cost Sanitation Units 0 11824 11824 156.08
4 Total- Sewerage & Sanitation Project Cost 4948.19
III Solid Waste Management

1 Total Waste Generated (tons) 195.00 263.57 68.57
2 Vehicle capacity required (tons ) 277.00 146.43 0.00
a 5 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00
b 3 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00
c 1.5 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00
3 Total Dustbin Capacity required (tons) 97.50 263.57 166.07 41.52
4 Disposal Site- excl. land cost (tons) 96201.61 96201.61 192.40
4 Total- Solid Waste Management Cost 233.92
IV Roads
1 Total Roads (km)
a Concrete 0.00 0.00 0.00
b Black Topped 390.00 432.71 42.71
c Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00 0.00
d Earthen/ Others 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Road Length 390.00 432.71 42.71
2 Upgradation/ Conversion of Roads (km)
a Black Topped to Concrete 0.00 0.00
b Water Bound Macadam to Black Topped 0.00 0.00
c Earthen to Black Topped 0.00 0.00
d Earthen to Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00
Total- Upgradation Cost 0.00
3 New Formation (km)
a Concrete 0.00 0.00
b Black Topped 42.71 1494.72
c Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00
d Earthen 0.00 0.00
Total- New Formation Cost 1494.72
4 Total- Road Project Cost 1494.72
V Storm Water Drainage

1 Total Conversion to closed pucca (km) NA 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Total New Formation of Storm Water Drains (km)
a Open Pucca NA 42.71 14.09 197.30
b Closed Pucca NA 0.00 0.00 0.00
c Kutcha NA 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total- New Formation 0.00 42.71 42.71 197.30
3 Total- Storm Water Drainage Cost 197.30
VI Street Lighting
1 Tube Lights (nos.) 601 10401 9800 440.99
2 Sodium Vapour Lamps (nos.) 11513 2600 0 0.00
3 Total- Street Lighting Cost 440.99
VII Summary- Project Cost for Core Services Normative State

4 Roads,Terminals and parking 1494.72

5 Storm Water Drains 197.30
7 Other Schemes 0.00
8 Total- Project Costs 16685
0.00
1
Appendix 16.5
Current Demand Gaps Rs. Lakh

Need & Wish List Summary
Investment Distribution Agency Wise(As Estimated according to NORMS & As FELT NEED By ULA)
CHOICE ADOPTED FOR FOP
Norms based Estimates Realistic estimates GOI States
Agency & SAmount (Rs. Lakhs) Rs.Lakhs Rs.Millions 90% 10%
Agartala M 1482 Agartala Municipal Council 63567.07 6356.71 38676.90 4297.43
Solid Waste 234 Solid Waste Management 379.35 37.94 34.14 3.79
Roads 713 Preservation of Water bodies 700.00 70.00 63.00 7.00
Storm Wate 94 Improvement of Markets 0.00 0.00
Street Light 441 Slum Development 7766.88 776.69 699.02 77.67
Improvement of Markets Parks and Gardens 880.13 88.01 79.21 8.80
Slum Development Heritage Conservation 1136.96 113.70 102.33 11.37
Parks and Gardens Stadiums 8106.00 810.60 729.54 81.06
Heritage Conservation Improvement of playground 911.50 91.15 82.04 9.12
Shopping Complexes Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 4068.63 36617.63 4068.63
PHED 14318 Urban Governance and Capacity Building 3000.00 300.00 270.00 30.00
Water Supp 9526 PHED 41200.19 4120.02 3708.02 412.00
Sewerage a 4792 Water Supply 13338.24 1333.82 1200.44 133.38
PWD 885 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 2786.20 2507.58 278.62
Roads 782 PWD 40758.46 4075.85 3668.26 407.58
Drains 103 Roads, terminals, parking 40758.46 4075.85 3668.26 407.58
Grand Tota 16685 UDD 9398.12 939.81 845.83 93.98
Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 939.81 845.83 93.98
TSEB 4680.00 468.00 421.20 46.80
Street Lighting 4680.00 468.00 421.20 46.80
Grand Total 159603.84 15960.38 47320.21 5257.80
2
Appendix 16.6
Summary of Municipal Council Account
AMC
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
Revenue Account Actuals in Rs. Millions Sectoral Contribution- % to Total Average annual Growth Rate
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Property Tax 5.90 6.15 8.18 9.06 9.22 16.24 17.76 11.72 11.25 11.25 9.13 11.86 17.93 10.18 11.90 ---- 4.25 33.03 10.73 1.77 76.14 9.40 22.55 14.77
2 Advetisement Tax 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.30 0.18 0.21 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.14 ---- 22.82 -6.45 2.05 -31.17 -19.75 402.54 61.67 15.90
3 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.47 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 ---- 4.14 0.89 -100.00 --- --- --- -31.66 -100.00
Sub Total A 6.23 6.52 8.54 9.17 9.29 16.30 18.06 12.38 11.92 11.75 9.24 11.96 17.99 10.35 12.23 ---- 4.52 31.10 7.30 1.38 75.37 10.82 21.75 14.22
1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.28 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.16 0.15 ---- 34.34 41.11 49.78 -83.80 -69.27 2159.77 355.32 15.62
2 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal Activities 3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 7.16 13.36 6.10 6.42 6.39 5.06 2.59 7.91 7.66 6.02 ---- 14.40 32.34 8.07 -59.90 255.88 86.48 56.21 20.19
3 Registrartion and Licence Fee 0.96 0.89 0.76 0.81 0.76 1.87 3.18 1.91 1.62 1.05 0.82 0.98 2.06 1.82 1.47 ---- -8.11 -13.94 6.07 -5.67 144.99 70.19 32.26 16.09
4 Building Plan Approval 0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 2.94 6.04 0.51 0.69 0.70 1.44 1.98 3.25 3.46 1.72 ---- 48.80 34.64 180.18 7.72 91.14 105.13 77.93 48.55
5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.39 0.45 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.51 0.50 0.23 0.24 ---- --- --- --- -12.31 14.86 -10.89 -2.78 --"
6 Income Sanitation Operation 0.20 0.34 0.21 0.25 0.37 0.43 0.64 0.40 0.62 0.29 0.25 0.48 0.48 0.37 0.41 ---- 69.53 -38.37 17.23 50.05 16.88 48.63 27.33 15.62
7 Other Fees and Fines 0.25 0.08 0.07 0.96 0.83 0.82 1.29 0.50 0.14 0.10 0.97 1.06 0.91 0.74 0.63 ---- -68.65 -6.90 93.00 -14.35 -0.29 56.49 9.88 22.75
8 Others 3.69 2.32 0.80 1.72 2.44 1.70 2.02 7.32 4.25 1.10 1.73 3.15 1.88 1.16 2.94 ---- -36.93 -65.65 53.00 42.35 -30.33 18.72 -3.14 -7.24
Sub Total B 8.51 7.63 7.16 10.88 8.39 15.40 27.21 16.91 13.97 9.85 10.97 10.80 17.00 15.60 13.58 ---- -10.29 -6.18 51.89 -22.90 83.57 76.69 28.80 15.64
1 General Transfers 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 57.63 128.10 68.28 71.85 76.56 78.54 76.03 63.63 73.44 72.62 ---- 14.25 41.76 39.92 -24.15 -2.44 122.27 31.93 17.87
2 Grant in Aid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- --"
Sub Total C 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 57.63 128.10 68.28 71.85 76.56 78.54 76.03 63.63 73.44 72.62 ---- 14.25 41.76 39.92 -24.15 -2.44 122.27 31.93 17.87
D Advances and Deposits 1.22 1.24 1.33 1.24 0.94 1.25 1.06 2.43 2.26 1.83 1.25 1.21 1.38 0.61 1.57 ---- 1.09 7.80 -7.18 -23.83 32.37 -15.36 -0.85 -1.82
Grand Total Revenue Income 50.34 54.65 72.70 99.17 77.69 90.57 174.42 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ---- 8.57 33.02 36.40 -21.65 16.58 92.57 27.58 16.81
Expenditure
A Establishment
1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 33.14 41.72 47.61 50.65 50.34 48.94 47.18 61.09 68.19 69.10 64.99 48.23 45.03 36.14 56.11 ---- 25.89 14.12 6.40 -0.63 -2.78 -3.59 6.57 4.51
2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 6.99 6.77 7.23 6.44 6.55 6.77 8.50 12.89 11.06 10.49 8.26 6.27 6.23 6.51 8.82 ---- -3.22 6.83 -10.97 1.74 3.41 25.57 3.90 2.48
3 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 2.60 1.96 3.38 5.39 5.86 7.15 9.60 4.79 3.21 4.91 6.91 5.61 6.58 7.35 5.62 ---- -24.35 72.25 59.19 8.69 22.09 34.32 28.70 17.76
4 Tour Allowances, TA and DA 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.12 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.18 ---- -44.67 -12.97 94.59 91.32 -4.09 22.12 24.38 9.71
5 Medical Reimbursement 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.05 0.17 0.09 0.10 ---- -49.56 361.39 -17.83 -34.08 236.16 -34.45 76.94 13.62
6 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 ---- --- --- --- -100.00 --- --- -100.00 --"
Sub Total A - Establishment 42.90 50.54 58.39 62.76 63.03 63.27 65.68 79.09 82.62 84.75 80.52 60.39 58.21 50.31 70.84 ---- 17.82 15.51 7.50 0.42 0.38 3.81 7.57 5.47
B Operation & Maintenanace
1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.32 0.28 0.16 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.19 0.60 0.46 0.23 0.38 0.36 0.27 0.15 0.35 ---- -12.92 -43.48 85.37 28.59 -21.58 -35.57 0.07 -6.33
2 Vehicle Maintenanace, Fuel and Lubricants
3.16 2.50 2.75 2.86 3.22 7.82 6.13 5.82 4.08 4.00 3.66 3.08 7.20 4.69 4.65 ---- -20.90 10.26 3.67 12.74 142.96 -21.67 21.18 8.63
3 Purchase of Consumables 0.24 0.26 0.54 0.76 0.59 0.23 0.38 0.45 0.43 0.78 0.97 0.57 0.21 0.29 0.53 ---- 8.65 104.17 40.62 -21.26 -61.39 63.28 22.34 5.62
4 Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil works
1.61 1.58 3.11 5.33 0.00 0.03 0.04 2.96 2.59 4.52 6.84 0.00 0.02 0.03 2.42 ---- -1.47 96.87 71.17 -99.94 697.77 39.50 133.99 -38.01
5 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.52 0.34 0.16 0.52 0.66 0.44 0.50 0.96 0.55 0.23 0.67 0.63 0.40 0.38 0.55 ---- -35.11 -53.69 236.15 26.09 -33.64 13.44 25.54 -0.52
6 Solid Waste Disposal 1.87 2.65 1.29 2.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.45 4.33 1.87 3.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.90 41.50 -51.42 121.16 -100.00 --- --- 2.81 -100.00
7 Power Charges- Lighting 1.00 0.03 0.26 0.25 0.04 0.06 0.35 1.84 0.04 0.37 0.31 0.04 0.05 0.27 0.42 ---- -97.40 888.73 -4.43 -83.97 50.01 498.46 208.56 -12.20
8 Telephone Charges 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.14 ---- 54.00 -5.57 17.86 -20.05 31.38 -8.55 11.51 6.43
9 Legal Expenses 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.32 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.11 ---- 1.61 47.77 -19.23 63.95 87.26 122.22 50.60 30.23
10 Others 0.80 0.16 0.64 0.81 0.38 0.42 0.37 1.47 0.27 0.93 1.04 0.37 0.38 0.28 0.68 ---- -79.34 288.96 26.10 -52.48 8.65 -11.41 30.08 -9.16
Sub Total B - Operation and Maintenanace 9.63 7.96 9.08 13.84 5.47 9.58 8.40 17.76 13.01 13.18 17.76 5.24 8.81 6.43 11.74 ---- -17.36 14.01 52.49 -60.51 75.17 -12.28 8.59 -1.70
C Debt Payments 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 1.83 2.78 0.79 0.59 2.78 0.00 0.00 1.25 ---- 71.50 -67.80 -16.28 534.58 -100.00 --- 84.40 -100.00
D Advances and Deposits
1 PF Advance 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ---- -100.00 --- --- --- --- --- -100.00 -100.00
2 Deposits 0.71 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.03 1.31 1.59 1.28 1.13 0.49 1.01 0.79 1.08 ---- 36.73 -9.18 -0.28 -42.37 116.40 -6.65 15.77 4.68
Sub Total D - Deposits and Advances 0.72 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.03 1.32 1.59 1.28 1.13 0.49 1.01 0.79 1.09 ---- 35.41 -9.18 -0.28 -42.37 116.40 -6.65 15.56 4.55
Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 54.24 61.18 68.89 77.94 104.37 108.69 130.56 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ---- 12.78 12.61 13.14 33.90 4.14 20.12 16.12 11.60
Part II (Capital Account)
Capital Account
Receipts
1 Grants 6.07 6.93 9.82 13.74 10.42 10.17 22.61
2 Others 0.12 1.61 0.00 1.72 2.87 0.00 0.00
Sub Total Capital Income 6.18 8.54 9.82 15.47 13.29 10.17 22.61
Expenditure
1 Purchase of Machinery and Equipments 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Water Supply and Drainage 4.32 1.94 0.36 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Purchase of Furniture 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.03
4 Housing Construction and Development 1.12 0.46 1.51 0.87 7.91 9.46 3.87
1
Appendix 16.6
AMC
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
5 Contingencies 0.33 3.06 0.17 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Slum/EIUS and NSDP/SJSRY 8.19 7.08 5.39 3.62 3.56 2.60 2.36
7 IDSMT/BADP 1.79 1.73 0.75 8.44 0.00 0.00 4.64
8 Other Development Works 5.38 6.77 21.02 1.92 0.04 0.21 0.29
9 Other Civil Works 13.46 11.71 2.48 3.38 1.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total Capital Expenditure 34.74 32.82 31.69 21.39 12.56 12.33 11.18
Summary
Income
1 Revenue Income 49.11 53.42 71.37 97.93 76.75 89.32 173.36
2 Advances and Deposits- Receipts 1.22 1.24 1.33 1.24 0.94 1.25 1.06
3 Capital Income 6.18 8.54 9.82 15.47 13.29 10.17 22.61
Expenditure
1 Revenue Expenditure 53.53 60.20 68.01 77.06 71.40 72.84 74.08
2 Advances and Deposits- Payments 0.72 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.03
3 Capital Expenditure 34.74 32.82 31.69 21.39 12.56 12.33 11.18
Status
1 Revenue Account -4.41 -6.79 3.36 20.86 5.35 16.48 99.28
2 Depsoits and Advances 0.51 0.26 0.45 0.36 0.44 0.15 0.03
3 Capital Account -28.56 -24.28 -21.87 -5.93 0.73 -2.16 11.42
4 Overall -32.47 -30.80 -18.06 15.29 6.51 14.47 110.73
Key Financial Indicators
1 Operating Ratio 1.09 1.13 0.95 0.79 0.93 0.82 0.43
2 DSR (Debt payment by Revenue Income)
2.02 3.18 0.77 0.47 3.79 0.00 0.00
3 Establishment Cost as % of Income 87.35 94.62 81.81 64.09 82.12 70.83 37.89
2
Appendix 16.7
Financial Operating Plan
AMC
All Figures in Rs. Millions
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
I- Local Body Account Forecast
Opening Balance 25.77 38.71 52.27 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60
1 Property Tax 5.90 6.15 8.18 9.06 25.24 29.81 29.81 76.06 106.62 134.29 171.12 191.98 252.15 295.44
2 Advetisement Tax 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.43
3 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.00 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25
4 Scavanging Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.10 9.31 10.71 12.54 18.41 21.17 24.34
Sub Total A 6.23 6.52 8.54 9.17 25.56 30.16 30.18 84.56 116.36 145.47 184.18 210.95 273.94 320.47
1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.48
2 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal 3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 4.20 5.05 6.07 7.29 8.76 10.53 12.66 15.21 18.28
3 Registrartion and Licence Fee 0.96 0.89 0.76 0.81 0.76 0.96 1.12 1.30 1.51 1.75 2.03 2.36 2.73 3.17
4 Building Plan Approval 0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 0.95 1.40 2.09 3.10 4.60 6.84 10.16 15.09 22.42
5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.39 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
6 Income Sanitation Operation 0.20 0.34 0.21 0.25 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.65 0.75 0.87 1.00
7 Other Fees and Fines 0.25 0.08 0.07 0.96 0.83 0.50 0.62 0.76 0.93 1.14 1.40 1.72 2.12 2.60
8 Others 3.69 2.32 0.80 1.72 2.44 2.26 2.10 1.94 1.80 1.67 1.55 1.44 1.34 1.24
Sub Total B 8.51 7.63 7.16 10.88 8.39 9.51 10.99 12.95 15.52 18.93 23.49 29.62 37.95 49.37
1 General Transfers 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 61.24 70.42 74.58 78.94 79.18 83.80 88.99 93.26 97.56
2 Grant in Aid 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34
Sub Total C 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 63.24 65.41 74.59 78.75 87.27 87.51 92.14 97.33 101.60 105.90
Grand Total Revenue Income 49.11 53.42 71.37 97.93 97.19 105.07 115.77 176.25 219.16 251.92 299.81 337.90 413.49 475.74
Revenue Expenditure
A Establishment
1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 33.14 41.72 47.61 50.65 56.73 63.54 71.16 79.70 116.05 129.98 145.57 163.04 182.61 204.52
2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 6.99 6.77 7.23 6.44 7.21 8.07 9.04 10.13 14.75 16.52 18.50 20.72 23.20 25.99
3 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 2.60 1.96 3.38 5.39 6.03 6.76 7.57 8.48 12.34 13.82 15.48 17.34 19.42 21.75
4 Other Allowances 0.17 0.09 0.16 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39
Sub Total A- Establishment 42.90 50.54 58.39 62.76 70.27 78.68 88.09 98.63 143.47 160.66 179.91 201.46 225.61 252.64
1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.32 0.28 0.16 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.40
2 Vehicle Maintenanace etc 3.16 2.50 2.75 2.86 3.00 3.15 3.31 3.47 3.64 3.83 4.02 4.22 4.43 4.65
3 Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil 1.61 1.58 3.11 5.33 5.60 5.88 6.17 6.48 6.80 7.14 7.50 7.88 8.27 8.68
4 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.52 0.34 0.16 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.71
5 Solid Waste Disposal 1.87 2.65 1.29 2.85 2.99 3.14 3.29 3.46 3.63 3.81 4.00 4.20 4.41 4.64
6 Power Charges- Lighting 1.00 0.03 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33
7 Telephone Charges 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35
8 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total B- O & M 8.56 7.49 7.84 12.23 12.83 13.46 14.11 14.81 15.53 16.30 17.10 17.94 18.82 19.75
C Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing- Existing 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Debt Servicing- New 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total C 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
D Additional O & M
1 Additional O & M for New Investments 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62
Sub Total D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62
Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 52.45 59.74 66.78 75.45 86.01 92.13 102.20 113.44 159.00 180.07 207.72 238.81 273.66 312.02
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -3.33 -6.32 4.59 22.47 11.18 12.94 13.57 62.82 60.15 71.85 92.09 99.09 139.83 163.72
1
Appendix 16.7
Financial Operating Plan
AMC
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Capital Receipts
1 X & XI Finance Commission Grants 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.42 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 15.01
2 General Grants from State 6.07 6.93 9.82 13.74 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 10.00
3 Grant by GOI 0.00 668.99 895.77 1434.33 905.11 933.28 397.13
4 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Capital Receipts 6.07 6.93 9.82 24.16 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 689.83 916.61 1455.17 925.95 954.12 422.14
Capital Expenditure
A Capital Works
1 General Capital Works 14.59 14.59 14.59 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 0.00
2 Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.93
3 Slum Improvement 0.00 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.69
4 Improvement of Markets 0.00 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.77
5 Parks and Gardens 0.00 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.44
6 Heritage Conservation 0.00 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.00
7 Stadium Development 0.00 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.01
8 Improvement of Playground 0.00 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.39
9 Street Lighting 0.00 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19
# Other Projects 0.00 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83
Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.59 14.59 14.59 764.16 1016.14 1614.54 1026.51 1057.82 441.25
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 6.07 6.93 9.82 24.16 14.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 -74.33 -99.53 -159.37 -100.57 -103.70 -19.12
Closing Balance 2.73 0.61 14.42 46.64 25.77 38.71 52.27 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21
Summary of Financial Indicators

1 Operating Ratio 1.07 1.12 0.94 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.64 0.73 0.46 0.69 0.71 0.66 0.66
2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.05
3 Share of Estab.of the Total Expenditure 81.80 84.61 87.44 83.18 81.70 85.39 86.19 86.95 90.23 89.22 86.61 84.36 82.44 80.97
4 Share of Revenue Spent on Establishm 87.35 94.62 81.81 64.09 72.30 74.88 76.09 55.96 65.47 63.77 60.01 59.62 54.56 53.11
5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Revenue In 2.02 3.18 0.77 0.47 2.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2
Appendix 16.8
Financial Operating Plan- Other Departments
PHED, PWD
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
II- Public Health Engineering Department Forecast
Opening Balance -13.6 -25.8 -34.3 -41.0 -41.2 -41.2 -45.6 -56.0 -74.6
Revenue Income
1 Water Tax
2 Water Charges 2.38 4.45 7.16 10.66 15.01 16.77 20.52 23.05 23.50
3 Sewer Charges 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Income Thru Tanker Supply and Others
5 New Connection Fee- Water Supply 0.00 2.88 3.31 7.61 4.95 5.69 6.54 7.52 8.65
6 New Connection Fee- Sewerage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.38 7.32 10.47 18.27 19.96 22.46 27.06 30.57 32.16
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 9.70 10.50 11.60 12.54 13.55 14.65 15.83 17.11 18.49 19.99 21.60 23.35 25.24 23.35
2 O&M
3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20 14.13 23.94 34.59
4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Expenditure 9.70 10.50 11.60 12.54 13.55 14.65 15.83 17.11 18.49 19.99 26.80 37.48 49.18 57.94
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -9.70 -10.50 -11.60 -12.54 -13.55 -12.27 -8.51 -6.64 -0.22 -0.03 -4.34 -10.42 -18.61 -25.79
Capital Receipts
1 General Grants
2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Project Grant Component- GOI 0.00 327.64 668.47 785.13 820.85 674.20 270.14
4 Project Grant Component- State 0.00 36.40 74.27 87.24 91.21 74.91 30.02
Capital Expenditure
A Capital Works
1 Water Supply 0.00 0.00 173.18 289.12 303.58 315.14 236.20
2 Sanitation and Sewerage 0.00 364.04 569.57 583.25 608.48 433.97 63.95
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Closing Balance -9.70 -10.50 -11.60 -12.54 -13.55 -25.82 -34.33 -40.96 -41.18 -41.21 -45.55 -55.97 -74.58 -100.37
II- Public Works Department Forecast

Opening Balance -7.6 -15.4 -23.4 -31.7 -40.2 -49.5 -80.1 -134.3 -214.4
Revenue Income
1 Income
Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 7.46 6.49 7.14 7.35 7.57 7.80 8.04 8.28 8.53 8.78 9.04 9.32 9.60 9.88
2 O&M
3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 0.51 21.52 44.92 70.52 98.38
4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Revenue Expenditure 7.46 6.49 7.14 7.35 7.57 7.80 8.04 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27
Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -7.46 -6.49 -7.14 -7.35 -7.57 -7.80 -8.04 -8.28 -8.53 -9.29 -30.56 -54.23 -80.11 -108.27
Capital Receipts
1 General Grants
2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Project Grant Component- GOI 0.00 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00
4 Project Grant Component- State 0.00 2.54 117.26 137.52 143.98 150.26 18.67
Capital Expenditure 0.00 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00
A Capital Works
1 Roads to be Under Taken by PWD 0.00 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79 1217.06 186.67
2 Storm Water Drainage 0.00 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00
Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Closing Balance -7.46 -6.49 -7.14 -7.35 -7.57 -15.38 -23.41 -31.69 -40.22 -49.50 -80.07 -134.30 -214.41 -322.68
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1
Appendix 16.8
Financial Operating Plan- Other Departments
PHED, PWD
Head of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Summary of Investments and FOP 0.00 -2.54 -117.26 -137.52 -143.98 -150.26 -18.67
-8.28 -11.06 -126.55 -168.08 -198.21 -230.38 -126.93
Sustainable Investments
1 AMC 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.25
2 PHED 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15
3 PWD 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67
Total 0.00 1132.71 2910.66 3841.22 3357.50 3288.73 928.08
Total Commitment by GoI (90% of Project Cost) 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27
Funding Commitment for the Project
1 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Grant by GoI 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27
3 Self Generated Funds by Local Body or State 0.00 113.27 291.07 384.12 335.75 328.87 92.81
Additional Support for Deficit Funding
1 AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 PHED 6.64 0.22 0.03 4.34 10.42 18.61 25.79
3 PWD 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27
Total Support from State 14.91 122.02 300.38 419.03 400.40 427.59 226.86
2
Appendix 16.9
FOP Assumptions
Check for Sustaianbility
Assumption for Current Average Unit 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Future
I Projection of Revenue Income 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21
A Property Tax
1 Current Demand Proposed 12.82 Rs.Millions 9.01 35521
2 Current No. of Assessments 46287 Nos. 38756 Total Pucca Houses
3 Tax per Assessment 500 Rupees 59202 Total Houses
4a Revision 2008/09 180.00 %
4b Revision 20011/12 30.00 %
5 Collection Performance
i Arrear Collection 50.00 57.00 59.00 61.00 63.00 65.00 67.00 69.00 71.00 73.00
ii Current Collection 50.00 54.00 58.00 62.00 66.00 70.00 78.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
6 Growth in Assessment 15.00 %
7 DCB Statement- All Wards 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
No. of Assessment 46287 53230 61215 70397 80957 93101 107066 123126 141595 162834
Tax per Assessment 500 500 500 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1820 1820
Demand
Arrear 15.00 19.07 20.44 21.24 45.73 55.46 58.51 52.29 50.68 66.24
Current 23.14 26.62 30.61 98.56 113.34 130.34 149.89 172.38 257.70 296.36
Collection
Arrear 7.50 10.87 12.06 12.95 28.81 36.05 39.20 36.08 35.99 48.35
Current 11.57 14.37 17.75 61.10 74.80 91.24 116.92 137.90 206.16 237.09
Collection Performance-% 50.00 55.25 58.40 61.82 65.14 68.51 74.91 77.44 78.52 78.72
12 Scavanging Tax 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 130.0

in Year 2006/07 100.00 Rs. Per assessment
in Year 20011/12 130.00 Rs. Per assessment
Other Tax Items

1 Advetisement Tax 15.00 15.90 %
2 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 3.00 -100.00 %
Non Tax Items
1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 15.00 15.62 %
Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal
2 %
Activities 15.00 20.19
3 Registrartion and Licence Fee 15.00 16.09 %
4 Building Plan Approval 15.00 48.55 %
5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 3.00 %
6 Income Sanitation Operation 15.00 15.62 %
7 Other Fees and Fines 15.00 22.75 %
8 Others 3.00 -7.24 %
State Transfers and Grants
1 General Transfers 15 17.87 %
2 Grant in Aid for upto 2001 10.00 Rs. Per capita
X & XI Finance Commission Grants- for Capital Works
1
Appendix 16.9
FOP Assumptions
Future
II- Revenue Expenditure

A Establishment
1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 12 6.57 %
2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 12 3.90 %
3 Council Allowance and Meeting Charges 3 %
4 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 12 28.70 %
5 Other Allowances 3 0.00 %
6 VI Pay Commission Revision 30 % -(additional increase in Year 2008/09)
1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 3 0.07 %
2 Vehicle Maintenanace etc 5 21.18 %
Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil
3 %
works 5 22.34
4 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 3 133.99 %
5 Solid Waste Disposal 5 25.54 %
6 Power Charges- Lighting 3 2.81 %
7 Telephone Charges 10 208.56 %
8 Others 5 11.51 %
III Investments
1 Project Financing Pattern under TA
%
GoI Grant as per Norms 90 %
State/ULB Self Generated 10 %
2 Funding to Project (Based on Planning Commision Norms (90% Grant and 10% Loan to NE Sattaes)
Grant by GOI 90.00 %
Loan by GoI 0.00 %
State/ULB Self Generated 10.00 %
3 Terms of Loan Funding for New Projects
Interest Rate 0 %
Repayment period 0 Years
Annual Repayment factor 0.000
4 Investment Estimated&Phasing- Rs. Millions @2006 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Prices % Phasing
a Water Supply- PHED 1333.82 10.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 - -
b Sewerage & Sanitation- PHED 2786.20 10.0 40.0 50.0 - - -
c Roads, Intersections, Terminals & Parking- PWD 4075.85 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 -
d Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment-UDD 939.81 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 -
e Solid Waste Management-AMC 37.94 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 - -
f Slum Improvement- AMC 776.69 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 -
g Improvement of Markets-AMC 0.00 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 -
2
Appendix 16.9
FOP Assumptions
Future
h Parks and Gardens-AMC 88.01 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 -
I Herirage Improvement - AMC 113.70
j Stadium Development - AMC 810.60
k Improvement of Play ground -AMC 91.15
Preservation of Water Bodies - AMC 70.00
l Street Lighting - TSEB 468.00
l Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 4068.63
Total 15660.38
Price Escalation 5.00 % per annum
5 Actual Investment Estimated & Phasing- Physical Phasing- Rs. Millions- Including Cost Escalation
a Water Supply- PHED 0.00 0.00 203.74 340.14 357.15 370.75 277.89
b Sewerage & Sanitation- PHED 0.00 428.28 670.08 686.18 715.85 510.55 75.24
c Roads, Intersections, Terminals & Parking- PWD 0.00 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79 1217.06 186.67
d Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment-UDD 0.00 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00
e Solid Waste Management-AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.52 13.74 12.25 12.86
f Slum Improvement- AMC 145.13 189.61 151.45 160.34 168.36 46.70
g Improvement of Markets-AMC 5.43 8.23 13.49 12.04 8.27 5.62
h Parks and Gardens-AMC 4.17 16.14 22.32 18.61 19.54 20.52
I Herirage Conservation - AMC 22.74 23.88 25.07 26.32 27.64 0.00
k Stadium Development - AMC 5.83 168.22 205.93 209.47 219.95 122.36
l Improvement of Play ground -AMC 0.00 9.85 21.92 35.17 25.53 13.40
m Preservation of Water Bodies - AMC 0.00 14.70 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87
n Street Lighting - TSEB 0.00 0.00 128.99 135.44 142.21 149.32
o Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 691.18 740.31 1412.81 691.25 721.44 279.80
Total 0.00 1328.13 3217.37 4405.41 3831.37 3746.14 1208.24
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Closing Balance 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21
6 ULB- Sustainable Investment 85 %
a Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.93
b Slum Improvement 0.00 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.69
c Improvement of Markets 0.00 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.77
d Parks and Gardens 0.00 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.44
e Heritage Conservation 0.00 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.00
f Stadium Development 0.00 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.01
g Improvement of Playground 0.00 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.39
h Preservation of Water Bodies 0.00 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19
I Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 0.00 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83
Total 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.25
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Additional O & M @
a Solid Waste Management 5.00 % Capital Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.87 1.44
b Slum Improvement 2.00 0.00 2.47 5.81 8.68 11.84 15.29
c Improvement of Markets 2.00 0.00 0.09 0.24 0.48 0.71 0.88
d Parks and Gardens 2.00 0.00 0.07 0.35 0.75 1.10 1.49
e Heritage Conservation 2.00 0.00 0.39 0.81 1.28 1.79 2.35
3
Appendix 16.9
FOP Assumptions
Future
f Stadium Development 2.00 0.00 0.10 2.96 6.61 10.50 14.77
g Improvement of Playground 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.55 1.17 1.67
h Preservation of Water Bodies 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.79 1.24 1.74
I Other Projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62
8 Debt Servicing
a Existing Loans 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Amount Outstanding 0.00 Rs. Millions
Interest Rate 0
Repayment period 0
Repayment Factor 0.000 Existing Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
b New Loans
Loan Amount of Sustainabale Investment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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A

ADB - Asian Development Bank

Government of Tripura a Urban Development Department

SJSRY - Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana

Government of Tripura b Urban Development Department

2. CITY LOCATION & REGIONAL CONTEXT .....................................................................2-1

3. SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE.............................................................................3-1

4. URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT .................................................................................4-1

Government of Tripura I Urban Development Department

5.8.1. INDIA’S LOOK EAST POLICY.........................................................................................5-11

6. URBAN POOR AND HOUSING........................................................................................6-1

7. URBAN SERVICES ...........................................................................................................7-1

8. URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..............................................................................8-1

Government of Tripura II Urban Development Department

8.5. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS ................................................................................................8-8

9. URBAN FINANCE .............................................................................................................9-1

10. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK................................10-1

11. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS...................................................................................11-1

12. CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................12-1

13. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES........................................................................................13-1

Government of Tripura III Urban Development Department

13.2.4. DRAINAGE ......................................................................................................................13-3

14. CITY VISION....................................................................................................................14-1

15. PROJECTS AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN .........................................................15-1

16. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ....................................................................................16-1

Appendix 15.1 to Appendix 15.5

Government of Tripura IV Urban Development Department

TABLE 1-1: DETAILS OF CONSULTATION PROGRAM ........................................................1-4

TABLE 3-1: GAPA- CONSTITUENT AREA, 2001 ...................................................................3-1

TABLE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1

TABLE 6-1: POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).......................................................6-1

TABLE 7-1: STATEMENT OF PRESENT PRODUCTION .......................................................7-2

Government of Tripura V Urban Development Department

TABLE 7-17: WATER REQUIREMENTS AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM.............7-22

TABLE 8-1: SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF HAORA RIVER ..............................................8-6

TABLE 9-1: TRENDS IN THE FISCAL AGG. OF TRIPURA-2000-01 ( OF GSDP) ................9-1

TABLE 11-1: DETAILS OF PRIMARY CONSULTATION PROG. HELD IN AGARTALA ........11-1

TABLE 12-1: AGARTALA CITY STRENGTHS ........................................................................12-2

Government of Tripura VI Urban Development Department

TABLE 12-4: AGARTALA CITY THREATS..............................................................................12-3

TABLE 13-1: PRIORITY RANKING GIVEN TO INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES .......................13-1

TABLE 14-1: SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES ...............................................................14-1

TABLE 15-1: ACTION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SCHEME................15-1

TABLE 16-1: ESTIMATED INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS JNNURM (RS. LAKHS) ..........16-2

Government of Tripura VII Urban Development Department

FIGURE 1-1: PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN...................................................1-2

FIGURE 2-1: AGARTALA – REGIONAL LINKAGES .................................................................2-2

FIGURE 3-1: CONSTITUENT AREAS WITHIN GAPA ..............................................................3-2

FIGURE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1

FIGURE 6-1: PERSONS BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).............................................................6-2

FIGURE 7-1: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY ZONES AND COMPONENTS...............................7-4

Government of Tripura VIII Urban Development Department

FIGURE 7-9: HOURLY VARIATION OF PEDESTRIAN VOLUME BY LOCATION.................7-19

FIGURE 8-1: SEISMIC HAZARD MAP OF INDIA (BIS).............................................................8-2

FIGURE 11-1: LOCATION OF CONSULTATIONS ....................................................................11-3

FIGURE 15-1: PROPOSED SEWERAGE ZONES ..................................................................15-10

FIGURE 16-2: FUNDING PATTERN OF JNNURM PROJECTS UNDER SUB-MISSION ........16-3

Government of Tripura IX Urban Development Department

An important and essential component of the CDP preparation process is

Table 1: Stages of Stakeholder Consultations

Stage 3:June 2, State Level Steering Committee

B. The Status - City SWOT

Table 2: City Strengths