Warnings and typical solutions –

For one stage systems

Design warning Solutions
Max. element permeate flow exceeded 3, 5, 7, 11
The concentrate flow less than minimum 1, 5, 4 together with 6
2 unless the feed flow is
The feed flow greater than maximum
fixed, 3
Maximum feed pressure exceeded 1, 3, 8
Temperature is above acceptable value 10
Max. element recovery exceeded:
• If the problem is encountered in front elements 1, 5, 6, 11
• If the problem is encountered in rear elements 1, 5, 6
Solutions Guide
Decrease system recovery
1 Increase the number of Reduce Temp (recommend
6 elements per PV (keeping the 10 customer to reduce temp during
Increase system recovery
2 same APF*) pretreatment).

Reduce average system flux (add

3 membranes, PV)
Reduce number of PV
4 (increasing average system flux)
Enable a recirculation loop
5 Pass 1 Conc to Pass 1 Feed
(normally not used for SW appl.)
Decrease the number of
7
Combine two element types:
elements per PV (keeping the
same APF*)
11 lower energy elements in rear
positions (ISD configuration)
Install lower energy
8 membranes or ISD with lower *APF – Average Permeate Flux
energy membranes
Warnings and typical solutions –
For multistage systems
Design warning Solutions
Max. element permeate flow exceeded 3, (5), 6, 10, 13
1, 4, (5), 6, 7, (10 and
The concentrate flow less than minimum
11 only for the 1st stage)
The feed flow greater than maximum in any of the stages 2, 3
Maximum feed pressure exceeded 1, 3, 9
Temperature is above acceptable value 12

Max. element recovery exceeded:

• If the problem is encountered in front elements (front stage/s) 1, (5), 6, 7, 10, 13
• If the problem is encountered in rear elements (rear stage/s) 1, (5), 7
Solutions Guide
Decrease system recovery
1 Add backpressure in first and/or 10 Add booster pump in first or second stage
6 second stages permeate streams
concentrate
2 Increase system recovery
Use a lower active area membrane
Increase number of PV 7
Increase the number of elements 11 element (keeping the same APF)
3 (reducing average system flux) per PV (keeping the same APF)
Reduce Temp (recommend customer
Reduce number of PV 8
Decrease the number of elements 12
4 (increasing average system flux) per PV (keeping the same APF)
to reduce temp during pretreatment).

Combine two element types: lower

Install lower energy membranes or
Enable a recirculation loop:
Pass 1 Conc to Pass 1 Feed
9 ISD with lower energy membranes 13 energy elements in second or third
5 (normally not used for SW appl.)
stages
*APF – Average Permeate Flux