IMPEDIMENT – is a circumstance that, by
disposition of the law, disqualifies two persons
for a valid and lawful marriage
KINDS OF IMPEDIMENTS
1. Annuling (diriment) impediment - renders
a person incapable of contracting marriage
validly.
2. Prohibiting (impedient) impediment -
prevents the lawful celebration of marriage
though it does not invalidate it.
3. Public and occult - an impediment which
can be proven in the external forum is called
public impediment; otherwise it is called
occult.
DISPENSATION
The local ordinary (bishop) can dispense his
own subjects wherever they are staying, as
well as all persons present in his own territory,
from all the impediments of ecclesiastical law
with the exception of those impediments
whose dispensation is reserved to the
Apostolic See.
DIRIMENT IMPEDIMENTS
Age – marriageable age for either male or
female shall be 18 years or upwards.
- 18 and 21 years old, there must be
consent to the marriage by the father,
- 21 and 25 shall be obliged to ask their
parents or guardian for advice upon
the intended marriage.
Impotence
Antecedent (exists prior to marriage) and
perpetual (which can not be corrected)
impotence to have physical intercourse,
whether on the part of the man or of the
woman and when such impotence is either
absolute (with any person
Existing Marriage Bond - person who is
held to the bond of a prior marriage even if it
had not been consummated, invalidly attempts
matrimony.
Disparity of Worship – marriage between
two persons, one of whom is baptized in the
Catholic Church
Sacred Orders – persons who are in holy
orders invalidly attempt matrimony
Public Perpetual Vow of Chastity – public
vows are either temporary or perpetual. A
marriage contracted under a temporary vow is
only unlawful.
Abduction – implies violence; seduction,
therefore, is not enough to constitute the
impediment.
Crime – person who for the purpose of
entering marriage with a certain person has
brought about the death of that person's spouse
or one's own spouse, invalidly attempts such
marriage.
Consanguinity – unites persons of the same
blood.
Affinity – arises out of a valid marriage even
if not consummated, and exists between the
husband and those related to his wife and vice
versa.
Public Decency – forbids marriage between
the man and the mother and daughter of the
woman with whom he contracted an invalid
marriage or with whom he lived in public
Legal Relationship – they can not validly
contract marriage between themselves who
through a legal relationship arising from
adoption
MIXED MARRIAGES – is one between two
baptized persons, one of whom was baptized
in the Catholic Church
PREPARATIONS FOR MARRIAGE
1. REMOTE PREPARATIONS
 Importance of Friendship
 Choice of partner
 Dating Courtship
(i.)Infatuation Phase – romance & sex
(ii.)Objectivity and Honesty Phase –
infatuation is tempered w/ reality of
relationship.
(iii.)Altruism – allow the “other” to grow and
share joys and pains of such growth.
 Stable Relationship – effort to
see each other as “real persons”
-Recognition: counteract to take each other for
granted
-Kindness: prevent partners from measuring
each other’s contribution to the relationship
-Independence: partners to be uniquely
themselves in relationship
-Responsibility: fulfilment of obligations in a
relationship
 Engagement - formal promise of
marriage to take place in the near
future.
2. IMMEDIATE PREPARATIONS
 Legal Requirements – governed
by natural laws
(i)Legal Capacity – 18 and above
(ii)Parental Consent/Advice – 18-21 (consent)
– 21-25 (advice)
(iii)License - The Law requires individuals
who wish to marry
(iv)Family Planning Seminar - the law
requires that couples who intend to get married
(v) Authority of the Person Performing the
Marriage – this is authorization for a civil
marriage for couples who are non-Catholics or
whose religion recognizes the validity of such
a marriage
THE SACRAMENT OF MARRIAGE
1. Marriage as a Covenant –
agreement between people
*Sacramental Marriage – commitment
is unconditional and open-ended
2. Benefits of Marriage
(i)Fruitfulness – completing of man/woman
(ii)Faithfulness – continued growth and
concerned awareness of partners for each other
(iii)Lastingness – continual personal need
3. Trial Marriages (Open) -
relationship that is open and honest
 4. Types of Marital Union
(i)Valid – fulfills all the conditions required for validity
(ii)Invalid - lacking some condition for validity
(iii)Public – canonical form
(iv)Secret – bans or omitted

THE SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

Declaration of Nullity – is an official pronouncement of a competent tribunal on the nullity of a
union
Annulment – considered valid by law
Divorce – marital bond is broken
Legal Separation –physical separation of a valid marriage

ROLE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY

Pope John Paul II enumerates the 4 general tasks of the family:
1.Forming Community of Person -the family, which is founded and given life by love, is a
community of persons: of husband and wife, of parents and children, of relatives.
2.Serving Life – transmitting by procreation the divine image from person to person

BUSINESS PLAN
I. Introduction
A. The Business Concept and the Business Model
- Business concept contains the essence of the enterprise in a concise but powerful manner. It
stresses the value of the product offering to the target customers.
- Product concept must be translated into a business model.
- Business model is a formula on how the enterprise exactly plans to make money out of the
business.
B. The Business Goals: Vision, Mission, Objectives, and Performance Targets
- show the future and long-term prospects of the enterprise. It composed of vision, mission,
objectives, key result areas, and performance indicators of the enterprise
- key result areas must be rendered into performance indicators –– serve as the aspirational
scorecard of the enterprise managers and motivational results of investors.
C. Offerings and Justification
II. Executive Summary
- Contains everything that is relevant and important to the business audience.
- Synthesis for entire plan
- major argumentations of the business proponent why the business will work and succeed.
Enterprise Strategy – builds and develops the game plan for attaining competitiveness.
Enterprise Delivery System – entire process of converting input (resources) into output and these
output into outcomes
III. Business Proponents
- Contains information about business proponents or stakeholders. 4 types of stakeholders:
1. Resource Mobilizers and Financial Breakers – who are on board to share burden of
raising money to see whole thing through.
2. Technology Providers and Applicators – sufficient funds to pay for the technology
3. Governance and Top Management – what strategies and performance indicators are
being proposed.
4. Operating and Support System – what programs, activities, tasks, and resources would
be in place
IV. Target Customers and the Main Value Proposition
- Target Customers – must be of sufficient size, paying capacity and have interest to purchase
the products being offered by the enterprise.
- Main Value Proposition – unique selling proposition of the enterprise
V. Market Demand and Supply, Industry Dynamics, and Macro Environmental
Factors
- Business plan should estimate the total market supply and demand for the product and
offerings of the enterprise. It should determine the major critical factors that influence this
market demand and supply.
- Once critical factors are determined, the business plan should then forecast the future demand
and supply.
The business plan should discuss the major trends and changing patterns in the macro-environment,
which would have significant impacts on the relevant industry and the behavior of consumers.
  Social Environment – demographics and cultural dimensions that govern the relevant
entrepreneurial behavior. (structure, social status, and dynamics of the population at
large)
 Political Environment – defines the governance system of the country or the local area
business. (laws, rules, and regulations on allowable and disallowable business practices)
 Economic Environment – mainly driven by supply and demand forces. It is the same
factor that drives the interest and foreign exchange rates to fluctuate with the movement
of the market forces.
 Ecological Environment – all-natural resources and the ecosystem that defines the habitat
of man, animals, plants, and minerals.
 Technological Environment – makes or breaks competing participants in any industry.
New scientific and technological discoveries often lead to the launch and
commercialization of new products.
VI. The Product and Service Offerings
- Contain a description, evolution, and justification of the product/service offerings
- Must be described by highlighting the features and attributes that would most appeal to the
target customers.
- It would be accepted and carried by the distribution of channels.
VII. Enterprise Strategy and Enterprise Delivery System
- ES – it should expound by mapping the competitive landscape and by situating the enterprise
and its competitors as to their strategies and chosen positionings.
- EDS – would enable the business to implement the enterprise strategy. It starts from the input
(resources mobilized), proceeds to throughput (input converted to output) and produces the
output (product.services)
VIII. Financial Forecasts: Expected Returns, Risks, and Contingencies
- The business plan must translate everything that we have discussed so far into financial
forecasts and outcomes
- From FF, the business plan should then calculate the expected returns from the business:
(expected return on sales, assets or investments and on stockholder’s equity)
- Calculate the long-term returns, using the time value of money.
- Evaluate both the business risks and the financial risks involved.
IX. Environmental and Regulatory Compliance
- Must articulate the laws, rules, and regulations governing the business, and the industry that
the enterprise in it.
- It should ascertain that all the necessary permits, licenses, and authority to use proprietary
intellectual capital had either been secured or would definitely be secured.
X. Capital Structure and Financial Offering: Returns and Benefits to Investors,
Financiers, and Partners.
- Includes discussions on who are the investors, the financiers, and the partners of the
enterprise.
- Business plan must appeal to its target audience. It must highlight for the main features of the
business plan that they are looking for.
MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF OPPORTUNITIES
- refers to the “big or macro forces” that affect the area, industry, and market which enterprise
belongs to.
INDUSTRY SOURCES OF OPPORTUNITIES
- One of the most difficult aspects about industry analysis is defining what constitutes an
industry in the first place.
MARKET SOURCES OF OPPORTUNITIES
- Can be discovered from increased or decreased demand as well as higher or lower supply.