Heat Exchanger(Ft)

1. A 2-shell passes and 4-tube passes heat exchanger is used to heat

glycerin from 20⁰C to 50⁰C by hot water, which enters the thin-walled
2-cm diameter tubes at 80⁰C and leaves at 40⁰C. The total length of
the tubes in the heat exchanger is 60 m. The convection heat transfer
coefficient is 25 W/m^2-K on the glycerin (shell) side and 160
W/m^2-K on the water (tube) side. Determine the rate of heat
transfer in the heat exchanger (a) before any fouling and (b) after
fouling with a fouling factor of 0.0006 M^2-K/W occurs on the outer
surface of the tubes.

(Source: Heat and Mass Transfer by Cengel and Ghajar)

Given:

D = 2 cm or 0.02 m

L = 60 m

W
htube =160 −K
m2

W
h shell=25 −K
m2

T c ,∈¿ ¿ = 20⁰C

T c ,out = 50⁰C

T h ,∈¿¿ = 80⁰C

T h ,out = 40⁰C

Required:

Rate of Heat Transfer (Q̇)

a. Before fouling

b. After fouling

R f = 0.0006 M 2-K/W
 ASSUMTIONS:

Steady operating condition

Heat exchanger is insulated, heat loss to the surrounding is negligible

Thermal resistance of inner tube is negligible since tube is thin-walled

SOLUTION:

Rate of Heat Transfer:

𝑄=𝑈𝐴𝑠 𝐹∆𝑇𝑙𝑚

Solving for 𝐴_𝑠

𝐴_𝑠 = 𝜋𝐷𝐿

= 𝜋(0.02)(60)

𝐴_𝑠 = 3.77 𝑚^2

Solving for ∆𝑇_𝑙𝑚

∆𝑇_1 = 𝑇_(ℎ,𝑖𝑛) − 𝑇_(𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡)

= 80ºC − 50ºC

∆𝑇_1 = 30ºC

∆𝑇_2 = 𝑇_(ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡) − 𝑇_(𝑐,𝑖𝑛)

= 40ºC − 20ºC

∆𝑇_2 = 20ºC

〖"∆" 𝑇〗_𝑙𝑚 = □(64&(∆𝑇_1−∆𝑇_2)/(ln⁡((∆𝑇_1)/(∆𝑇_2 )))) = ("30ºC" −"20ºC

" )/(ln⁡("30ºC" /"20ºC " ))
〖"∆" 𝑇〗_𝑙𝑚 = 24.7 ºC

Solving for 𝐹

S = (𝑡_2−𝑡_1)/(𝑇_1−𝑡_1 )

= (40 − 80)/(20 −80)

S = 0.67

R = (𝑇_1−𝑇_2)/(𝑡_2−𝑡_1 )

= (20−50)/(40−80)

𝑅 = 0.75

S = 0.67 𝑅 = 0.75

Using Fig. 11-4 Perry’s CHE Handbook, Graph B

F ≈ 0.91
Solving for U

a. before fouling

1 1 1
= +
U ht hs

1 1
¿−1
U = [ 160 W −K   + 25 W −K  
m2 m2

U = 21.62 W/ M 2-K

Substitute to equation

Q=(21.62 W/ M 2 -K)(3.77  m2)(0.91)¿)

Q=¿ 1832.18 W

Solving for U

b. after fouling

1 1 1
R
U ht + hs + f
=

1 1
+0.0006  M 2 -K/W ¿−1
U = [ 160 W −K   + 25 W −K  
m2 m2

U = 21.34 W/M 2-K

Substitute to equation

Q  = 21.34 W/ M 2 -K ¿(3.77  m2 )(0.91)¿)

Q=¿ 1808.71 W
 1.) A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used to heat water (in the tube
side) from 30 C to 45 C at a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. The fluid used
o o

for heating (shell side) is water (entering temperature of 90 C) with

o

a mass flow rate of 2.0 kg/s. A single pass is to be utilized. The

overall heat transfer coefficient based on the inside tube area is
1390W/m^2 C. The tubes are 1.90 cm (inside diameter) and
o

require an average water velocity of 0.40 m/s. Available floor space

limits the tube length to 1.75 m. For this exchanger, find a.The
number of tube passes;b.The number of tubes per pass; and c.The
tube length

Source: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer by Yunus A.

Cengel, 2nd Edition, 2008

SOLUTION:

For the tube side, ρ and Cp at the tubes are evaluated at the inlet
temperature t 1=30 ℃

Hence,

J
C p=4180.78
kg−K

kg
ρ=999.626
m3
If single pass is to be utilized:

π 2
Recall: Ai=n( )(d i) and ṁ=u ave ( A i)(ρ)
4

Combining the two equations and Solving for n,

4
n=
π
( )¿ ¿
4

Hence,

n=35.28 which is approximately 36 tubes

q=UA ∆ T LM

Q=¿

4 kg J
Q=( )(4180.78 )(45 ℃−30 ℃ )
s kg−K

Q=250846.8W

Assume: T 2=80 ℃ , thus, T ave =85 ℃

J
Cp=4200.93
kg−K

kg J
−250846.8 W =2 (4200.93 )(T 2−90℃ )
s kg−K

T 2=60.14 ℃

Using this T value now to get the value of Cp

T 2=60.14 ℃

J
Cp=4191.09
kg−K
 kg J
−250846.8 W =2 ( 4191.09 )(T 2−90℃ )
s kg−K

T 2=60.07 ℃

Another solution to get T 2

J
Assume T 2 = 60℃ , Hence Cp=4194.6526
kg−K

Q −250846.8 W
∆T= = =−29.9C o
ṁCp J
(2)(4194.6526 )
kg−K

Recall :Qlost +Q gained =0

-Q lost = Q gained

∆ T =T 2−T 1

−29.9 C o=T 2−90 ℃

T 2=60.1℃

Getting the Log Mean Temperature

( 90−45 )−(60.07−30)
∆ T LM = =37.03℃
90−45
ln ⁡( )
60.07−30

If F = 1

(250846.8W )
A= =4.87 m 2
(1390)(37.03)

4.87 m2=πDLNn

4.87
L= −2
=2.27 m
(1)(36)( π )(1.90 x 10 )

NOTE: Available floor space limits the tube length to 1.75 m. Thus, this
exceeded the limit.
Utilize the use of R and S for Trial 2. In this case, N = 2

90−60.07
R= =1.995
45−30

45−30
S= =0.25
90−30

Ai=πDLnN , we know that F T =f (R , S)

F=0.94

(250846.8 W )
A= =5.18 m2
(1390)( 37.03)(0.94)

5.18 m2=πDLNn

5.18
L= −2
=1.21m<1.75 m
( 2)(36)( π )(1.90 x 10 )

If N = 3 and relatively all parameters are the same since there are no
changes.

5.18 m2=πDLNn

5.18
L= −2
=0.8035 m< 1.75m
(3)(36)(π )(1.90 x 10 )

Hence N can be any value from 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑁+1 . But N = 2 will be the most
viable number of tube passes since as the number of tube passes
increases the value of L deviates farther from 1.75 m.

Therefore, the STHE is a 1-2 STHE;