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€t

Description of BCH Codes

The Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) codes form a large class of powerful random
error-correcting cyclic codes. This class ofcodes is a remarkable generalization ofthe Hamming
code for multiple-error correction. Consider binary BCH codes, for any positive integer's m > 3
and t < 2*-r, there exists a binary BCH code with the following parameters:

Bf ock length: n : 2'' - |

Number of parity-check digits: n - k < mt

Minimum distance: d,,.,in > 2t + L

We callthis code a t-error-correcting BCH code.

Let o be a primitive element in GF (2'). The generator polynomial g(x) of the t-error-correcting
BCH code of length 2' - I is the lowest-degree polynomial over GF(2) which has o, c' , o' , . . .
, c2t as its roots.

)=0 for I <i<2tand g(x) has c, o,2 ,...,d" and their conjugates as all its roots.
g(ai

The degree ofgl*; i. at most mt.'That is, the number of parity-check digits, n - k, ofthe code is
at most equal to mt. If t is small, n'k is exactly equal to mt. Since o is a primitive element, the
BCH codes defined are usually called primitive (or narrow-sense) BCH codes.