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    The emergence of Bangladesh began with the political, socio-cultural and economic marginalization of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) within Pakistan from 1947-1971. Politically, East Pakistan was treated as a subordinate wing and Bengali identity was not recognized. Several political milestones led to growing demands for autonomy, including the 1952 Language Movement and the United Front winning a majority of Muslim seats in 1954 elections. However, military coups in 1958 and 1969 suspended democracy and stalled the political process. Socio-culturally, Bengalis faced discrimination and their language and culture were not promoted. Economically, development focused on West Pakistan despite East Pakistan generating most of Pakistan's foreign exchange. This marginalization contributed to the rise of Ben

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    The emergence of Bangladesh began with the political, socio-cultural and economic marginalization of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) within Pakistan from 1947-1971. Politically, East Pakistan was treated as a subordinate wing and Bengali identity was not recognized. Several political milestones led to growing demands for autonomy, including the 1952 Language Movement and the United Front winning a majority of Muslim seats in 1954 elections. However, military coups in 1958 and 1969 suspended democracy and stalled the political process. Socio-culturally, Bengalis faced discrimination and their language and culture were not promoted. Economically, development focused on West Pakistan despite East Pakistan generating most of Pakistan's foreign exchange. This marginalization contributed to the rise of Ben

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    18 views17 pages

    Emergence of Bangladesh

    Uploaded by

    B TheOne
    The emergence of Bangladesh began with the political, socio-cultural and economic marginalization of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) within Pakistan from 1947-1971. Politically, East Pakistan was treated as a subordinate wing and Bengali identity was not recognized. Several political milestones led to growing demands for autonomy, including the 1952 Language Movement and the United Front winning a majority of Muslim seats in 1954 elections. However, military coups in 1958 and 1969 suspended democracy and stalled the political process. Socio-culturally, Bengalis faced discrimination and their language and culture were not promoted. Economically, development focused on West Pakistan despite East Pakistan generating most of Pakistan's foreign exchange. This marginalization contributed to the rise of Ben

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    of 17

    Emergence of Bangladesh

    Pakistan at its birth


    Lecture 02
    Course teacher: Dr WOHAB
    Topics/subjects to cover today

    West Political
    East Pakistan
    Pakistan factor

    Socio-cultural Economic
    factors factor
    Political process of Pakistan
    The eastern wing of Pakistan was known as East Bengal
    (1947-1955) unit the middle of 1950s and became East
    Pakistan since 1956 (1955-1971).

    Growing a sense of East Bengali Muslim Identity or East


    ‘Bengaliness’

    The word ‘PAKISTAN’ stands for P=Punjab, A=Afghan


    (frontier), K= Kashmir, I= Indus and STAN=Baluchistan. No
    place for East Bengal
    Estate Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950

    The Government became the only landlord

    The Act authorized the govt. to own and


    manage hats, bazaars, ferries , fisheries, etc.
    Intermediary interest group abolished, the
    govt. become the only landlord
    Political process: milestones

    First Governor – General: Mohammad Ali Jinnah died 1948

    Khwaja Nazimuddin: Second Governor- General (1948 –


    1951) and then become Prime Minister

    1952: The Language Movement

    1954: The United Front and General Election


    Political process

    1954 The United Front and General Election ( Awami


    Muslim League, Krishak Sramik Party and Nezam-E-Islam)

    The United Front bagged 215 seats out of 237 Muslims


    seats (total seats were 309)

    Agendas: 1. Making Bangla one of the state languages, 2.


    autonomy for the province, 3. reforms in education etc.
    Political process
    1954 United Front could not continue its cabinet due to many factors
    initiated by the Central Governemtn, therefore, the Governor’s rule
    established – riots in mils and factories – Bengali and non-Bengali workers

    A.K. Fazlul Huq appointed Home Minister – central

    1955- The Awami Muslim League changed into The Awami League based
    on secular and non-communal stance
    Political process

    Fazlul Huq appointed Governor of East Pakistan in 1956 until


    1958 –

    Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawrdy and Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan


    Bhasani – led the Awami Muslim League

    The Awami League and the Republican Party made a


    coalition cabinet led by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy formed
    the central government and stayed in power for 13 months
    Achievements

    Power station

    Jute Tradition Corporation

    Gas factory
    Achievements

    Dairy farm at Savar

    Water and Power Developmetn Board

    Dhaka Improvement Trust


    Achievements

    Greater Dhaka City Master Plan


    FDC
    Ramna Park
    Roads and highways
    Activities

    National Awami Party (NAP) formed in 1957 by Bhasani- many


    from AL joined NAP

    Lots of changes happened in Provincial Government – particularly


    between 1954 to 1958 there were seven cabinets were formed in
    East Pakistan and three times the Government's rule changed

    Martial Law imposed in 1958 scarping the 1956 Constitutoin


    Ayub Khan

    Ayub Khan seized all power and the parliamentary


    democracy in Pakistan died at premature stage

    Black listed – newspapers – the Ittefaq, Sangbad


    and Pakistan Observer

    He introduced basic democracy


    Ayub Khan Regimes
    Union Councils

    Basic Democracy
    Thana Councils

    District Councils

    Divisional Councils

    Provincial development
    advisory councils
    After 1969 uprising in East
    Pakistan Ayub Khan
    handed over power to
    Yahya Khan, another
    military general
    Reference
    • East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950, Banglapedia:
    http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=East_Bengal_State_Acquis
    ition_and_Tenancy_Act_1950
    • Reading materials

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