Cellular Geneticts

Dr. Marzia Zaman Sultana

1 7/12/2020
 Why are you a man/woman?
 Do you know?

 Tell me your ideas.

2 7/12/2020
 Human cell
 Unit of human body is cell.
 There are basic two types
of cells
 Somatic cells
 Gametes or sex cells –
sperm and ovum

 Each cell generally has

two basic parts
 Nucleus
 Cytoplasm

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 The Nucleus
 The nucleus has
chromatin/chromosome
s
 Chromosomes are
made up of DNA
 Each chromosomes
has many genes
 Trait of a individual is
determined by specific
gene present on
chromosome
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 Chromosome
 Each human cell has 23 pairs or 46 numbers of
chromosomes
 Off these 46 chromosomes –
 23 come from mother
 23 come from father
 There is approximately 100,000 gene on these 46
chromosomes
 In somatic cell chromosomes appear as 23
homologus pairs – 46 numbers – Diploid number
 22 pairs of matching chromosomes or autosomes
 1 pair sex chromosomes, XX or XY
 Each mature gamete or sperm/ovum only 23
5
chromosomes – Haploid number 7/12/2020
 Sex Chromosomes
 Sex chromosomes are designated as X and Y
chromosome
 So, if you have 44XX -- you are genetically
female
 And if you have 44XY – you are genetically male

 Abnormal genetic distributions are there –

 45X – Turner syndrome
 Trisomy 21 or Down’s syndrome
 47XXY - Klinefelter syndrome
 Triple X syndrome
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 Cell division
 Human cell division are of two types –
 Mitosis
 Meosis
 Mitosis – One cell divides in to two identical cells of
same characteristics and same chromosome number.
It occures in both somatic and sex cells.
 Parent cell 46 chromosomes – daughter cell 46
chromosomes
 Meosis – One cell divides in to 4 non identical cells of
different characteristics and different chromosome
numbers. It only occurs in sex cells.
 Parent cell 46 chromosomes – daughter cell 23
chromosomes

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 Gonads
 In female, germ cells are found in ovary
 In male, germ cells are found in testis
 Ovary is female gonad
 Testis is male gonad
 Mature female germ cell is called ovum
 Mature male germ cell is called sperm
 Each sperm contain either 22X or 22Y
Chromosomes
 Each ovum contain 22X Chromosomes

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 Genetically Male/Female
 Ovum (22X)+Sperm (22X) = Fertilization
=Zygote (44XX) Female

 Ovum (22X)+Sperm (22Y) = Fertilization

=Zygote (44XY) Male

 So, can you understand now, How you are a

genetic male or female?

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 Thank you

Any Question?

10 7/12/2020