heFr

enchRev
olut
ionCl
ass9addi
ti
onal
Quest
ions
Quest
ion1.
I
n1774,Loui
sXVIoft
heBour
bonf
ami
l
yofKi
ngsascendedt
het
hroneof_
___
___
_.

Answer
:
Fr
ance

Quest
ion2.
Whatwasnewlyel
ectedassembl
ycall
ed?
Answer:
Thenewlyel
ect
edassemblywascal
ledtheconv
ent
ion.

Quest
ion3.
Theburdenoff
inanci
alact
ivi
ti
esofst
atedur
ingt
heOl
dRegi
mewasbor
nebyt
he

Answer:
Thi
rdestat
e

Quest
ion4.
I
nFrance,t
heei
ght
eent
hcent
urywi
tnessedt
heemer
genceofasoci
algr
oup,
ter
medas
t
he

Answer:
Middl
eclass

Questi
on5.
TheAmericanconsti
tut
ionandit
sguar
ant
eeofi
ndi
vi
dual
right
swasani
mpor
tant
exampleforpol
i
tical
thi
nkersi
n
Answer:
France

Quest
ion6.
Theagit
atedcr
owdst
ormedanddest
roy
edt
heBast
il
leon

Answer
:
14t
hJuly,
1789

Quest
ion7.
Theconsti
tut
ionof1791v
est
edt
hepowert
omakel
awsi
nthe_
___
___
_.
Answer:
Nati
onalAssembly

Quest
ion8.
Theconsti
tuti
onbeganwi
thaDecl
arat
ionoft
her
ight
sof_
___
___
_.
Answer:
Manandcitizen

Questi
on9.
TheNational
Assembl
yofFr
ancev
otedi
nApr
il1792t
odecl
arewaragai
nst_
___
___
_.
Answer:
Prussi
aandAustri
a

Questi
on10.
WhointroducedReignofTerr
orandwhere?
Answer:
Robespi
erreint
roduced‘
ReignofTer
ror
’inFr
ance.

Questi
on11.
Themember softheJacobinCl
ubbel
ongedmai
nlyt
o__
___
___.
Answer:
Thelesspr
osperoussecti
onsofsoci
ety
.

Quest
ion12.
Whenwasslaver
yfinal
l
yaboli
shedinFrenchcol
oni
es?
Answer:
Sl
aver
ywasf i
nal
lyabol
ishedi
nFrenchcoloni
esi
n1848.

Quest
ion13.
Oneimport
antlawthatcamei
ntoef
fectsoonaf
tert
hest
ormi
ngoft
heBast
il
lei
n1789
wasthe____
____.
Answer:
Abol
it
ionofcensor
ship.

Quest
ion14.
I
n1804,NapoleonBonapar
tecr
ownedhi
msel
fasEmper
oroft
he_
___
___
_.
Answer:
Fr
ance.

Quest
ion15.
Whatwas‘Scept
re’
?
Answer:
Sy
mbol
ofRoy
alPower
.

Questi
on16.
Thepoli
ti
calbodyr
epr
esent
ingt
het
hreeest
atesofpr
e-r
evol
uti
onar
yFr
ancewasknown
as____
____.
Answer:
Est
atesGeneral
.

Questi
on17.
Whichtheor
ywasproposedbyMont
esqui
eu?
Answer:
Theor
yofdivisi
onofpower
.

Quest
ion18.
Whopr oposedt
heSocial
Cont
ractt
heor
y?
Answer:
JeanJacquesRousseau.

Questi
on19.
Atri
angul
arslav
etr
adest
art
edamong_
___
___
_.
Answer:
Eur
ope,Afr
icaandt
heAmeri
cas.

Quest
ion20.
Womeni nFr
ancewont
her
ightt
ovot
ein_
___
___
_.
Answer:
1946.

Quest
ion21.
WhatdidtheFr
enchRevol
uti
onof1789st
andfor?
Answer:
TheFrenchRev
olut
ionof1789st
oodfort
hei
deasofLi
ber
ty,
Equal
i
tyandFr
ater
nit
y.

Questi
on22.
Whatdidthefal
lofBasti
ll
esigni
fy?
Answer:
Thefal
lofBasti
l
lesigni
fi
edtheendoft
heaut
ocr
ati
crul
eoft
hemonar
ch.

Quest
ion23.
Namet hespeci
altaxl
evi
edbythechurchonpeasant
s.
Answer:
Ti
theswast hespeci
alt
axlev
iedbythechur
chonpeasant
s.
Questi
on24.
Onwhatprinci
plewasvoti
ngconduct
edint
heEstat
esGeneral
?
Answer:
EachEstat
ehavingonevote,
wasthepri
nci
pleonwhichv
oti
ngwasconduct
edi
nthe
Estat
esGeneral
.

Questi
on25.
WhatisaGui l
l
oti
ne?
Answer:
TheGuill
oti
neisadev
iceconsi
stingoftwopoleandabl
adewi
thwhi
chaper
soni
s
beheaded.I
twasnamedafterDr.Guil
l
otinewhoinv
ent
edit
.

Quest
ion26.
Whatideadi
dthe‘LawTabletConv
ey’?
Answer:
I
tconveyedt
heideathatt
helawisthesomef
oral
l
,andal
lar
eequal
bef
orei
t.

Questi
on27.
Whowast hel
eaderoftheJacobincl
ub?
Answer:
Robespi
err
ewastheleaderoftheJacobi
ncl
ub.

Quest
ion28.
Whatwast heEst
atesGener
al?
Answer:
TheEstat
esGeneralwasapoli
ti
cal
bodyandwascont
rol
l
edbyt
heFr
enchMonar
ch.

Questi
on29.
Whower edeniedentr
ytot
heassembl
yoftheEstatesGeneral
,cal
l
edbyLouisXVIon5
May,1789?
Answer:
Peasants,
art
isansandwomenweredeni
edentr
yt otheassemblyoft
heEstateGener
al.

Quest
ion30.
Whywer ei
magesandsymbolsusedintheei
ghteenthcentur
yFrance?
Answer:
Themajori
tyofmenandwomeni n18thcent
uryFrancecouldnotreadandwri
te.So
i
magesandsy mbol
swerefr
equentl
yusedinsteadofpri
ntedwordst ocommunicat
e
i
mportanti
deas.
TheFrenchRev
olut
ionClass9Ext
raQuest
ionsShor
t
AnswerTypeQuest
ions
Quest
ion1.
WhowasRobespi
err
e?WhyI
shi
srei
gnr
efer
redast
he‘
Rei
gnofTer
ror
’?
Answer:

 Robespi
err
ewast
hel
eaderofJacobi
nscl
ubwhi
chl
edasuccessf
ulr
evol
tand
camet
opower
.Robespi
err
erul
edFr
ancef
rom 1793t
o1794.
 Hi
srul
eisr
efer
redast
he‘
Rei
gnofTer
ror
’becausehef
oll
owedapol
i
cyofsev
ere
cont
rol
andpuni
shment
.
 Al
lthosewhower
econsi
der
edenemi
esbyhi
m orwhodi
dnotagr
eewi
thhi
m or
wi
thhismet hodswerearr
est
ed,i
mpri
sonedandt
hent
ri
edbyar
evol
uti
onar
y
t
ri
bunal.I
ffoundguil
ty,
theywer
eexecut
ed.

Quest
ion2.
Howwast heFr
enchsoci
etyor
gani
sedbef
oret
her
evol
uti
onof1789?
Answer:

 TheFr
enchsoci
etywasdi
vi
dedi
ntosect
ionscal
l
ed‘
est
ates’
namel
yfi
rstest
ate
consisti
ngoft heclergy,secondest atecompr i
singt henobili
tyandthet hirdestate
compr i
singallcommoner sincl
udi ngbi gbusinessmen, t
raders,merchant s,court
off
icial
s,lawyers,
peasant s,art
isans, labour
ersandser vants.
 Themember soft hef i
rsttwoest at es,thati
s, t
hecl ergyandt henobil
ity
, enjoyed
cert
ainpr i
vi
legesbybi rth.Theywer eexempt edf rom pay i
ngt axestothest ate.
Themember soft hisest atehadnopol i
ti
calri
ght sandsoci alstat
us.
 Theent i
reburdenoft axat ionfellont hethir
dest ate.Alleconomi cfuncti
onswer e
performedbyt hem.

Quest
ion3.
Descri
bet hei
ncidentsthatl edtothest ormingoftheBasti
ll
e.
Answer :
WhiletheNationalAssembl ywasbusyatVer sai
ll
esdraf
ti
ngaconstit
ution,therestof
Francewasseet hi
ngwi tht urmoil
.Asev erewi nt
erhadmeantabadhar vest,thepri
ceof
breadrose.Oftenbakersexpl oit
edt hesituati
onandhoardedsuppl
i
es.Af terspending
hoursinlongqueuesatt hebaker y ,
crowdsofangr ywomenst or
medintot heshops.At
thesamet ime,theki
ngor deredtroopst omov eint
oPari
s.On14July,theagi tat
ed
crowdst or
medanddest roy edBastil
le

Quest
ion4.
Whatdoy ouknowaboutt
heabol
i
tionofsl
aver
yinFr
ance?
Answer:

 I
twasf
inal
l
ytheconv
ent
ionwhi
chi
n1794l
egi
slat
edt
ofr
eeal
lthesl
avesi
nthe
Fr
enchov er
seaspossessions.This,howev er
,turnedouttobeashor t
-t
erm
measur e.However,
tenyearslater,Napoleonreintroducedsl
avery
.
 Pl
ant ati
onownersunderstoodtheirfreedom asi ncludi
ngtheri
ghttoensl
ave
Af
ricanNegr oesinpur
suitoftheireconomi cinterests.
 Sl
av erywasfinal
l
yaboli
shedi nFrenchcol oni
esi n1848.

Questi
on5.
Writ
eashortnot
eont
hedocument‘
Decl
arat
ionoft
heRi
ght
sofManandci
ti
zen.
’
Answer:

 TheDecl
arat
ionoft
he‘
Right
sofMan’
andCi
ti
zenpr
ocl
aimedf
reedom ofspeech
andexpr
essi
ont
obenat
ural
right
s.
 Censor
shi
pwasabol
i
shed.Newspaper
s,booksandpamphl
etsf
loodedFr
ench
t
ownsandr
eachedt
hecount
rysi
deaswel
l
.
 Eventsandchangest
akingplaceinFr
ancewerefr
ankl
ydi
scussed.
 Pl
ay s,songsandf
est
iveprocessi
onsatt
ract
edlar
genumberofpeopl
e.Thus,
peopl
ecoul
dident
if
ywi
thi
deasofl
i
ber
tyandequal
i
tyeasi
l
y.

Quest
ion6.
Howwast heChur
chr
esponsi
blef
ort
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?
Answer:

 Themember
soft
hechur
ch,
cler
gybel
ongedt
otheFi
rstEst
ate.Thecl
ergy
enj
oyedal lpri
vil
egeswithnoobli
gati
ons.Theyl i
vedinpompandextravagance
whichledtor esentmentamongthemember softheThi r
dEst
ate.
 Thechur chwasownerofabi gchunkoflandinFrance.
 Thechur chtooextract
editsshareoft
axescal l
edt i
thesfr
om t
hepeasants.Apar
t
fr
om this,thechurchalsocol
lect
edseveralothertaxes.

Quest
ion7.
St
atetheel
ect
ionpr
ocessoft
heNat
ional
Assembl
yinFr
ance.
Answer:
Theconstitut
ionof1791v estedthepowert omakel awsi ntheNat ionalAssembl y,
whichwasi ndirectl
yelected.Citi
zensvotedf oragr oupofel ectors,whoi nturnclose
theassembl y.Allci
ti
zensdi dnothav et
her ighttov ote.Onlymenabov e25y earsofage
whopai dtaxesequal toatl east3daysofal abour er’
swagewer egiventhest at
usof
acti
veciti
zens, t
hatis,theywer eenti
tl
edt ov ot
e.Ther emainingmenandal l women
wereclassedaspassi v eciti
zens.Toqualifyasanel ectorandthenasamemberoft he
assembly,amanhadt obel ongtothehighestbr acketoft axpay ers.

Quest
ion8.
Whatwerethemainideasbehi
ndtheFrenchRev
olut
ion?
Answer:
Themainideasbehi
ndtheFrenchRev
oluti
onwere:

 Ther
evol
uti
onar
yideasi
nFr
ancewer
epr
opagat
edandpr
eachedbyt
hef
amous
thi
nkersandphilosophersl ikeRousseau, Montesqui
eu.Theyfavour
edthe
aboli
ti
onofsuchasoci alsy stem thatsupport
edpoli
ti
cal,
social
andeconomic
i
njusti
ceanddiscrimination.
 TheFrenchrevoluti
onar i
eswer ealsoinfl
uencedbythetri
plei
dealsoft
he
Amer i
canRevoluti
on,i.e.
, Li
ber t
y,Equali
tyandFrater
nit
yandtheyopposedthe
pri
vil
egesenj
oyedbyt hecl ergyandt henobles.

Questi
on9.
Writ
esomeoft hemai
nfeatur
esoftheFrenchConst
it
uti
onof1791.
Answer:
Themainfeat
uresoft
heFrenchConsti
tut
ionof1791were:

 Theconst
it
uti
onof1791v
est
edt
hepowert
omakel
awsi
ntheNat
ional
Assembl
y,
whichwasi ndir
ectl
yelect
ed.I
tsmainobj ect
ivewast olimi
tthepowersoft he
monarch.
 Thecit
izensofFr ancevot
edforagroupofel ectors,
whoi ntur
nchoset he
Assembly.Onlymenabov e25y ear
sofagewhopai dtaxeswereenti
tl
edt ovote.
 Theconstit
utionbeganwithaDeclarati
onoft heRightsofManandci t
izens.
 Theconstit
utiondeclar
edthati
twast hedutyoft hestatetopr
otecteachciti
zen’
s
nat
uralri
ghts.

Questi
on10.
Howdidadirect
oryrul
einFrance?Expl
ain.
Or
Writ
eashortnoteontheDir
ectory
.
Answer:

 Thenewconst
it
uti
onmadepr
ovi
sionf
ort
woel
ect
edl
egi
slat
ivecounci
l
s.These
t
henappoi
ntedaDi r
ector
y,anExecuti
vemadeupt ofi
vemembers.Thi
swas
meantasasafeguardagai
nsttheconcent
rat
ionofpol
iti
cal
powerinaone-
man
 execut i
v easundert heJacobins.
 Th epol i
ticalinstabil
it
yoftheDirect
orypavedthewayf ortheri
seofami li
tary
dictator,Napol eonBonapar t
e.
 Th r
oughal lthesechangesi ntheform ofgover
nment ,
theideal
soffreedom, of
equalitybef oret helawofthelandandoff r
ater
nit
yremai nedi
nspi
ri
ngi dealsthat
mot iv
at edpol iti
calmov ementsinFranceandtherestofEuropeduri
ngt he
foll
owi ngcent ur
y .

Question11.
Whatwassubsi stencecri
sis?Menti
ontwofact
orsresponsi
blef
ort
hiscri
sis?
Answer :
Subsistencecrisi
sisanextremesit
uati
onwherethebasicmeansofl
ivel
i
hoodare
endanger ed.
Twof actorsresponsibl
eforthi
scr
isi
swere:

 Thepopul
ati
onofFr
ancer
osef
rom about23mi
l
li
oni
n1715t
o28mi
l
li
oni
n1789.
Thisl edtoar apidincreasei nthedemandf orfoodgrains.Producti
onofgr ai
ns
couldnotkeeppacewi t
ht hedemand.Sot hepr i
ceofbr eadwhi chwast hestaple
dietoft hemaj ori
tyroser apidl
y.Mostworkerswer eempl oyedasl abourersi
n
wor kshopswhoseownerf i
xedt hei
rwages.Butwagesdi dnotkeeppacewi t
ht he
ri
sei npr i
ces.Sot hegapbet weenthepoorandt her i
chwi dened.
 Th i
ngsbecamewor sewhenev erdroughtorhailreducedt heharvest.Thi
sledtoa
subsistencecr isi
s,somet hingthatoccur
redfrequentlyinFrancedur ingtheOld
Regi me.

Quest ion12.
Whati st hesignifi
canceoft he“TennisCourtOat h”intheFr enchRevol
ution?
Answer :
Ther epresentati
v esofthet hi
rdestatevi
ewedt hemsel vesasspokesmanf ort
hewhole
Frenchnat i
on.On20t hJune, 1789,theassembledi nthehal lofonindoortenniscour
tin
thegr oundsofVer sai
l
les.Theydecl ar
edthemsel vesanat i
onal assemblyandswor enot
thedisper setil
ltheyhaddr aft
edaconst i
tuti
onf orFrancet hatwouldli
mitt hepowersof
theMonar ch.TheNat ionalAssembl ycompletedt hedraftoft heconst
it
utionin1791as
aresul tofwhichFr ancefinall
ybecamear epubl
ici n1792.

Question13.
Whatwer ethecausesoft heempt yt r
easur yofFr anceunderLoui sXVI?
Answer :
Longy ear sofwarhaddr ainedthefinancialresour cesofFr ance.Addedtot hiswast he
costofmai ntaini
nganext ravagantcour tattheimmensepal aceofVersailles.Under
LouisXVI ,Francehel pedt hethirt
eencol oniestogai nt heirindependencef rom t he
commonenemy ,Brit
ai n.Thewaraddedmor ethanabi ll
ionl i
vrestoadebtt hathad
alr
eadyr isent omor et han2bi l
li
onl i
vres.Lender s,whogav ethestatecredit ,
nowbegan
tocharge10per centi nterestonloans.Tomeeti tsr egul
arexpenses, suchast hecost
ofmai ntaini
nganar my ,thecour t
,runninggov ernmentof ficesoruniversi
ties, thestate
wasf orcedt oincr easet axes.
Quest i
on14.
Wr i
tet heimportanceofNapoleonBonapart
eintheHistoryofFranceandtheworld.
Answer :
Napol eonsawhi mselfasamoder ni
serofEurope.Heintroducedmanylawssuchas
protectionofprivat
eproperl
yandunifor
m system ofweightsandmeasuresprovi
dedby
thedeci mal sy
stem.Hecarriedoutt
herevolut
ionaryi
deasofl i
ber
tyandmoder nl
awsto
otherpar tsofEuropewhichheconquered.Theyhadagr eatimpactonpeople.Hewasa
greatgener alt
oo.

Quest i
on15.
Whi chlawswer eintroducedbyr evolut
ionar
ygover nmenttoimprovetheconditi
onof
womeni nFrance?
Answer :
Intheear l
yy ears,therevoluti
onarygov er
nmentdi dint
roducelawsthathelpedto
i
mpr ov
et helivesofwomen.Toget herwiththecreati
onofstateschools,school
i
ngwas
madecompul soryf oral
lgirl
s.Theirfat
herscouldnol ongerf
orcethem intomarri
age
againsttheirwi l
l.

Marr
iagewasmadei ntoacont
ractent
eredfr
eelyandregist
eredunderci
vi
ll
aw.Di
vor
ce
wasmadel egalandcoul
dbeappli
edforbybothwomenandmen.Womencoul dnow
t
rai
nforjobs,coul
dbecomeart
istsorr
unsmal l
businesses

Question16.
Whatl andmarkdecisi
onswer etakenbytheNat i
onal AssemblyledbytheThir
dEstate
on4thAugust ,1789?
Answer :
LouisXVIf i
nall
yaccordedrecogniti
ontotheNat i
onalAssembl yandaccept
edthe
pri
nciplethathi
spower swouldbecheckedbyaconst i
tut
ion.On4August1789,the
Assembl ypassedadecr eeaboli
shingthefedalsystem ofobli
gati
onsandtaxes.
Member softhecler
gytoower eforcedtogiveupt hei
rpri
v i
l
eges.Tit
heswereaboli
shed,
andlandsownedbyt hechurchwer econfi
scated.Asar esult
,thegover
nmentacquir
ed
assetswor thatl
east2bi l
l
ionli
vres.

TheFrenchRev
olut
ionClass9Ext
raQuest
ionsLong
AnswerTypeQuest
ions
Question1.
Whower etheJacobins?Whatwast hei
rcont ri
buti
ontotheFrenchRev olut
ion?
Answer :
Poli
ti
cal cl
ubshadbecomer all
yingpoi
ntforpeoplewhowant edt odiscussgov ernment
poli
ciesandplantheirownformsofaction.Themostsuccessf uloftheseclubswas
thatoftheJacobins.Theygotthei
rnamef rom thefor
merconv entofSt.Jacobi nParis.
Theybelongedtot helesspr
osperoussectionsofthesociet
y.Theyincludedsmal l
shopkeepers,ar
ti
sanssuchasshoemaker s,pastr
ycooks,watch-makers,pri
nters,as
wel
lasser
vant
sanddai
l
ywageear
ner
s.Thei
rleaderwasMaxi
mil
i
anRobespi
err
e.

Alar
gegr oupamongt heJacobi
ndecidedtowearl ongstri
pedtrousersli
kethoseworn
bydockwor kers.Thiswastosetthemselv
esapar tfrom t
hefashionablesecti
onsof
soci
etyespeciall
ythenobleswhowor ekneebreeches.Itwasawayofpr oclai
mingt
he
endofthepowerwi el
dedbythewearersofkneebr eeches.

TheseJacobinscamet obeknownassans-
cul
ottes,l
it
eral
lymeaning‘t
hosewit
hout
kneebreeches’
.San-cul
ott
esmenworeinaddi
ti
ont heredcapthatsymboli
sedl
iber
ty.
Women, however,werenotal
l
owedtodoso.

Inthesummerof1792, theypl
annedaninsurr
ect
ionofmanyPari
sianswhowere
angeredbytheshortsuppli
esandhighpri
cesoff
ood.OnAugust10, t
heyst
ormedthe
Palaceoft
heTui l
eri
es,massacredt
heking’
sguardsandi
mpri
sonedt heki
ng.El
ect
ions
werenowhel d.

Thenewlyelect
edassemblywascalledt
heConv ent
ion.On21stSept
ember1792it
abol
ishedthemonarchyanddeclar
edFrancearepubli
c.Loui
sXVIwassentencedto
deathbyacourtonthechargeoftr
easonandexecutedon21stJanuary1793.The
queenalsometwiththesamefate.

Quest ion2.
“Ther evoluti
onarygovernmentt ookituponthemselvestopassl awst hatwould
translatetheidealsofl
ibertyandequal i
tyi
ntoeverydaypractice.
”Di scussthi
s
statementwi t
hspecialemphasi sont heabol
it
ionofcensor ship.
Answer :
They ear sfoll
owing1789i nFrancesawmanysuchchangesi nthelivesofmen, women
andchi l
dren.Therevol
utionarygov er
nmentstookitupont hemsel vestopasslawsthat
woul dt r
anslatet
heidealsoflibertyandequali
tyint
oev er
ydaypr actice.

Oneimpor tantlawt hatcamei ntoef f

ectsoonaft
ert hestor mi
ngoft heBast i
ll
eint he
summerof1789wast heaboli
tionofcensorshi
p.Ear l
ierallwrit
tenmaterialandcul t
ural
acti
vi
ties—books, newspaper s,plays—couldbepubl i
shedorper for
medonl yafterthey
hadbeenappr ovedbyt hecensorsoft heki
ng.Nowt heDecl arati
onoftheRi ghtsofMan
andCitizendeclaredf r
eedom ofspeechandexpr essiontobeanat uralr
ight.Theyall
descri
bedanddi scussedt heevent sandchangestakingpl aceinFrance.Freedom of
thepressalsomeantt hatopposi ngv i
ewsofeventscoul dbeexpr essed.Eachside
soughtt oconvincet heothersofitspositi
onthr
ought hemedi um ofpri
nt.Plays,songs
andfest i
veprocessionsat tr
actedlargenumbersofpeopl e.

Thiswasonewayt heycouldgraspandi dent

if
ywithideassuchasliber
tyorjusti
cethat
poli
ti
calphilosopherswroteaboutatlengthintext
s.Newspapers,pamphlets,booksand
pri
ntedpicturesfl
oodedt hetownsofFr ancefrom wheretheyt
rav
elledrapi
dlyint
othe
countr
yside.
Quest
ion3.
Di
dwomenhavear
evol
uti
oni
n1789andaf
teri
t?
Answer:

 Mostoft
hehi
stor
iansbel
i
evet
hatf
rom t
hev
erybegi
nni
ngwomenwer
eact
ive
par
ti
cipant
sint
heev
ent
srel
atedwi
tht
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionof1789.
 Bef
oreanddur
ingt
heday
sofRev
olut
ion,
mostoft
hewomenofFr
ancedi
dnot
hav
eaccesst
ogoodj
obt
rai
ningoreducat
ion.
 Thewomenwerepai
dlowerwagesthanthoseofmen.
 I
nordert
odi
scussandvoi
cethei
rint
erest
s,womenbegant
hei
rownnewspaper
s
andpoli
ti
calclubs.TheSocietyofRevolut
ionar
yandRepubl i
canWomenwast he
mostfamousoft hem.
 Theydemandedt her i
ghtt
ov oteandrighttocontestel
ecti
onsaswellast
heright
toholdpol
iti
caloffi
ce.Women’ smovementf orvoti
ngright
sandequalwages
cont
inuedthroughthenexttwohundredy earsinmanycount r
iesoft
heworld.

Quest
ion4.
Descr
ibethesoci
alcondi
ti
onsi
nFr
ancebef
oret
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion.
Answer:

 TheFr
enchki
ngdr
oveFr
ancei
ntousel
esswar
sbr
ingi
ngt
hecount
ryont
hev
erge
ofbankr
upt
cy.
 Fr
enchsoci
etywasdi
vi
dedi
ntot
hreemai
ncl
assescal
l
ed‘
est
ates’
.Thef
ir
st
estat econstit
utedt hecl ergy,thesecondest ateconst i
tutedt henobi li
tyandt he
restoft hepopulati
onconst itutedt het hi
rdest at
e.Thef irsttwoest ateswer ethe
privil
egedonesexempt edf r
om al l thet axes.Thet hirdest ateshoul deredthe
bur denoft axat
ionandhadf ewpr ivil
eges.
 Francewasacent ral i
sedmonar chyandt hepeopl ehadnoshar eindecisi
on
maki ng.Administr
at ionwasdi sor gani sed,corruptandi nef f
icient.Thedef ecti
ve
syst em oftaxcol l
ect i
onandoppr essi oncr eateddi scontentment .
 Pe asant smadeupof10percentoft hepopul ati
on.Howev er,onlyasmal l number
oft hem ownedt hel andt heycul ti
v atedabout60percentoft hel andwasowned
bynobl es,t
hechur chandot herr i
chermember soft hethirdest ate.
 Pe asant swereobl igedt orenderser vi
cest ot helord.Theyhav etowor kint he
l
or d’shouseandf ieldsort oser v eint hear myort oparticipatei nbuil
dingr oads.

Quest
ion5.
Descr
ibecausesf
ort
hef
all
ofJacobi
ngov
ernmenti
nFr
ance.
Answer:

 TheJacobi
ngov
ernmenti
nFr
ancewasbasedonext
rememeasur
es.Theper
iod
from 1793-1794isrefer
redtoasthereignofterr
or.Robespier
ref ol
l
owedapol i
cy
ofsev erecontrol
andpunishment.All
thosehesawasbei ng‘enemies’oft
he
republic-
noblesandcler
gy,member sofotherpoli
ti
calpart
ies,evenmember sof
hisownpar tywhodi dnotagreewit
hhismet hods-werearrest
ed,impri
sonedand
 guilloti
ned.Thi sledt ochaosandr esent mentamongt hepeople.
 TheJacobi ngov ernmentissuedl awspl acingamaxi mum cei l
ingonwageand
prices.Meatandbr eadwerer at
ioned.Peasant swer eforcedtotranspor tt
heir
graint ot heciti
esandsel litatpricesfixedbyt hegov ernment.Thisledt oafeeli
ng
ofr esent mentagai nsttheJacobi ns.Peasant sbeganopposi ngthem.
 Robespi erre’
sgov ernmentor deredshutdownofchur chesandconv ert
ingchurch
buildingsi ntobar r
ackorof fi
ces.Thust heclergyt ur
nedagai nsttheJacobin
regimeandhast enedi tsf
all.
 Robespi errepursuedhi spoli
ciessor elentlesslythatev enhissuppor t
ersturned
agai nsthi m.Theybegant odemandmoder ationandami ddl
epat h.
 Final l
y,hewasconv ict
edbyacour tinJul y1794, arr
est edandguillot
ined.

Questi
on6.
Expl
aintherol
eofphilosophersi
ntheFr
enchRevol
uti
onof1789.
Answer:
Theroleofphi
losophersintheFr
enchRevol
uti
onof1789were:

 I
nTwoTr
eat
iesofGov
ernment
,Lockesoughtt
oref
utet
hedoct
ri
neoft
hedi
vi
ne
andabsol
uter
ightoft
hemonar
ch.
 Rousseaucar
ri
edt
hei
deaf
orwar
d,pr
oposi
ngaf
orm ofgov
ernmentbasedona
soci
alcont
ractbet
weenpeopl
eandt
hei
rrepr
esent
ati
ves.
 I
ntheSpi
ri
toft
hel
awsMor
it
esqui
eupr
oposedadi
vi
sionofpowerwi
thi
nthe
gov
ernmentbet
weent
hel
egi
slat
ive,
theexecut
iveandt
hej
udi
ciar
y.
 Thei
deasoft
hesephi
l
osopher
swer
edi
scussedi
ntensel
yinsal
onsandcof
fee-
housesandspr
eadamongpeopl
ethr
oughbooksandnewspaper
.
 Pat
ri
oti
csongMar
sei
l
lai
secomposedbypoetRogetdeLi
sle.I
twassungf
ort
he
fi
rstt
imebyv
olunteer
sfrom Mar
sei
l
lesastheymarchedint
oPar
isandsogoti
ts
name.TheMarsei
l
lesisnowthenat
ional
anthem ofFr
ance.