

J.36/37

Pre-Junior Certificate Examination, 2017

Science
Marking Scheme

Ordinary Pg. 4

Higher Pg. 27

Page 2 of 44
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exams
Pre-Junior Certificate Examination, 2017

Science
Ordinary & Higher Level

Table of Contents

Ordinary Level Higher Level

Biology Biology
Q.1 .................................................. 4 Q.1 .................................................. 27
Q.2 .................................................. 7 Q.2 .................................................. 30
Q.3 .................................................. 9 Q.3 .................................................. 33

Chemistry Chemistry
Q.4 .................................................. 11 Q.4 .................................................. 36
Q.5 .................................................. 14 Q.5 .................................................. 39
Q.6 .................................................. 16 Q.6 .................................................. 42

Physics Physics
Q.7 .................................................. 18 Q.7 .................................................. 45
Q.8 .................................................. 21 Q.8 .................................................. 48
Q.9 .................................................. 24 Q.9 .................................................. 50

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Pre-Junior Certificate Examination, 2017

Science
Ordinary & Higher Level

Explanation

Conventions Used

1. A dash – before an answer indicates that the answer is a separate answer, which may be considered
as independent of any other suggested answers to the question.

2. A single forward slash / before an answer indicates that the answer is synonymous with that which
preceded it. Answers separated by a forward slash cannot therefore be taken as different answers.

3. A double forward slash // is used to indicate where multiple answers are given but not all are required.

4. Round brackets ( ) indicate material which is not considered to be essential in order to gain full marks.

5. ‘etc.’ is used in this marking scheme to indicate that other answers may be acceptable. In all other cases,
only the answer given or ‘words to that effect’ may be awarded marks. In many instances only key words
are given, i.e. words that must appear in the correct context in the student’s script in order to merit the
assigned marks.

6. Answers which are given in this marking scheme should not be considered as the only possible answers
that may be accepted. Answers which are synonymous with or equivalent to those in this marking scheme
are also acceptable.

7. The detail required in any answer is determined by the context and the manner in which the question is
asked and by the number of marks assigned to the answer.

Current Marking Scheme

Assumptions about these marking schemes on the basis of past SEC marking schemes should be avoided.
While the underlying assessment principles remain the same, the exact details of the marking of a particular
type of question may vary from a similar question asked by the SEC in previous years in accordance to the
contribution of that question to the overall examination in the current year. In setting these marking schemes,
we have strived to determine how best to ensure the fair and accurate assessment of students’ work and to
ensure consistency in the standard of assessment from year to year. Therefore, aspects of the structure, detail
and application of the marking schemes for these examinations are subject to change from past SEC marking
schemes and from one year to the next without notice.

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Pre-Junior Certificate Examination, 2017

Science
Ordinary Level
Marking Scheme (390 marks)

Answer all questions

Biology
Question 1 Biology (52 marks)

(a) The photograph shows the teeth of a dog. (6)

(i) Name the large pointed tooth, labelled T, T

at the side of the dog’s mouth. (3m)

– canine(s)

(ii) Name the mineral needed for healthy growth of teeth. (3m)

– calcium

(b) The diagram shows the human digestive system. (6)

(i) The salivary glands shown produce saliva. Salivary

Name an enzyme found in saliva. (3m) P glands

– (salivary) amylase

(ii) Name the part labelled P. (3m)

– oesophagus

(c) The diagram shows a plant cell. M (6)

(i) Draw a line from the letter N to the nucleus. (3m)

(ii) Draw a line from the letter M to the cell membrane. (3m)
N

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Question 1 Biology (cont’d.)

(d) Some Benedict’s (Fehling’s) solution was added to a food sample. The mixture was
blue at the start. When the mixture was heated a brick-red colour appeared. (6)

(i) For which food type is this a positive test? (3m) Food +
Benedict’s
(Fehling’s) solution
– glucose / reducing sugar

** Accept monosaccharide or any other Mixture

correctly named monosaccharide. after
Blue Red heating

(ii) What is the function of this food type in the body? (3m)

– energy (for cells) / used in respiration

(e) The diagram shows the human urinary system. (6)

(i) In the table write the letter X beside

the name of the part labelled X. (3m) V Renal artery

X Renal vein
Ureter
(ii) Write the letter V beside the name of
the blood vessel that brings waste to X Bladder
the kidney. (3m)

(f) The diagram shows the human female reproductive system. Sperm Egg (6)

(i) What word describes the fusion (joining) of the

egg with the sperm in the Fallopian tube? (3m)

– fertilisation

(ii) Name the part labelled X. (3m) X

– vagina

(g) The diagram shows the human central nervous system (CNS). X (6)

Name the parts labelled X and Y. (2 × 3m)

X – brain
Y – spinal cord Y

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Question 1 Biology (cont’d.)

(h) The photograph shows two sterile petri-dishes containing agar. One petri-dish was
exposed to the air for 5 to 10 minutes and then covered. The second petri-dish was
unopened. Both petri-dishes were then incubated for a number of days. (10)

(i) What is the function of the agar in the petri-dishes?

Any 1: (3m)
– food for microorganisms //
– medium for growth //
– allows growth // etc.

** Accept other appropriate answers.

(ii) Describe the appearance of the agar in the exposed petri-dish after 2 days.

Any 1: (4m)
– patches appear //
– (if fungi) coloured dots appear //
– (if bacteria) colonies appear

(iii) Why was one petri-dish left unopened? (3m)

– (to act as) a control / comparison

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Question 2 Biology (39 marks)

(a) Food (e.g. peanuts or crisps or biscuits) is a store of chemical energy. (12)
Describe, by completing and labelling the diagram below, an investigation
to show the conversion of chemical energy in a food to heat energy.

Diagram (6m)

Thermometer
(temperature sensor) (3m)

F
F
Test tube with water

Burning food sample (3m)

Procedure (3m)
– state or show container of water

Result (3m)
– increase in temperature of water

(b) The diagram shows an insect-pollinated flower. X

Y (9)

(i) Name the parts labelled X and Y. (2 × 3m)

X – petal
Y – carpel

(ii) Give one reason why insects would be attracted to this flower.

Any 1: (3m)
– large petals //
– coloured petals //
– perfumed petals

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Question 2 Biology (cont’d.)

(c) The diagrams show the experimental steps a student took when investigating that
starch is produced by a photosynthesising plant. (18)

Forceps

Boiling
alcohol
Leaf
Boiling
Leaf
water
Hot water

Step 1 Step 2

Forceps Iodine solution

Water Leaf

White tile Petri-dish

Step 3 Step 4

(i) Match each experimental step the student carried out with the explanation given
below. (4 × 3m)

Explanation Step

(a) The step carried out to remove chlorophyll. 2

(b) The step carried out to test for starch. 4

(c) The step carried out to remove any alcohol and soften the leaf. 3

(d) The step carried out to kill the leaf. 1

(ii) Name a suitable plant that a student could use in this investigation. (3m)

– geranium

** Accept any relevant plant.

(iii) Name the gas produced by a plant during photosynthesis. (3m)

– oxygen

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Question 3 Biology (39 marks)

(a) The diagram shows the human breathing system. (21)

(i) In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. (3m)

(ii) Write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. (3m)

(iii) Write the letter C beside the name of the part labelled C. (3m)

Rings of
cartilage B

B Trachea
C Alveoli
Bronchiole
A Lung

(iv) What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the part labelled B?

Any 1: (3m)
– to support / strengthen windpipe //
– keep air tubes open

(v) Name one activity which has a harmful effect on the breathing system.

Any 1: (3m)
– smoking //
– working with asbestos //
– living in an area with bad air pollution // etc.

(vi) Name a gas excreted by the breathing system.

Any 1: (3m)
– carbon dioxide / CO2 //
– water vapour / H2O

(vii) What happens to the colour of the limewater

when exhaled air is bubbled through it as shown
in the diagram? (3m) Limewater

– goes / changes from colourless to milky-white or cloudy

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Question 3 Biology (cont’d.)

(b) The skull is one part of the human skeleton. (6)

(i) Name an organ that is protected by the skull.

Any 1: (3m)
– brain //
– eyes //
– ears //
– tongue // etc.

(ii) State one function, other than protection, of the human skeleton.

Any 1: (3m)
– support //
– movement

(c) Two pieces of equipment that can be used in ecology to study a habitat are shown. (12)

(i) Name the piece of equipment labelled A. (3m)

– quadrat (frame)

(ii) Give one use for the piece of equipment A.

Any 1: (3m)
– to count the number of plants / slow-moving animals (in a habitat) // A
– to measure how frequently a plant species occurs (in a habitat)

(iii) Name the piece of equipment labelled B. (3m)

– (sweep) net

(iv) Give one use for the piece of equipment B. (3m)

– to capture / collect / get flying insects or named

flying insects, e.g. butterflies / moths, etc.

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Chemistry
Question 4 Chemistry (52 marks)

(a) Magnesium metal burns in oxygen to produce a white solid called magnesium oxide. (6)

(i) What colour flame was observed as the magnesium metal was burned? (3m)

– bright white

(ii) Write down one safety precaution that should be taken when burning magnesium
metal in the laboratory.

Any 1: (3m)
– wear safety goggles //
– wear light-protecting goggles //
– do not look directly at the flame //
– look away from the flame //
– teacher demo //
– use a safety screen //
– wear lab coat // etc.

** Accept other appropriate answers.

(b) Choose one common acid and one common base

from the list on the right. Oven cleaner (6)
Pure water
common acid – vinegar (3m)
common base – oven cleaner (3m) Vinegar

(c) Select the correct words from the box on the right to complete the sentences below. (6)

(i) A molecule is made up of

two or more atoms chemically combined. (3m) Mixture
Molecule
(ii) Covalent bonding involves the sharing Electrons
of pairs of electrons . (3m) Protons

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Question 4 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(d) Plastics can be used to make packaging for food. (6)

(i) From which raw material are most plastics

manufactured? (3m)

– (crude) oil

(ii) Plastics can be non-biodegradable, i.e. they do not decompose.

Give one reason why this affects the environment.

Any 1: (3m)
– (plastics) stay in the environment for a long time //
– (plastics) are an eyesore //
– (plastics) pollute the environment //
– (plastics) can kill organisms that eat / ingest them, e.g. birds / fish // etc.

(e) (i) Choose an alloy from the list on the right. (6)
Copper
Any1: (3m)
Bronze
– bronze //
– brass // Brass
– steel
Steel
Gold
(ii) Give one use for the alloy you have chosen.

Any1: (3m)
- bronze - statues //
- medals // etc.
- brass - musical instruments //
- ornaments //
- door knobs / knockers // etc.
- steel - buildings //
- bridges //
- gates // etc.

(f) Natural gas is mainly composed of a particular hydrocarbon. (6)

(i) In the table write the letter N beside the name Oxygen (O2)
of the main hydrocarbon in natural gas. (3m) N Methane (CH4)
G Carbon dioxide(CO2)
(ii) Write the letter G beside the gas produced
when a hydrocarbon is burned. (3m)

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Question 4 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(g) There are several stages involved in the

treatment of water for domestic use. (6)

(i) Why is fluoridation carried out on the

domestic water supply in Ireland? (3m)

– to help maintain strong teeth

(ii) What is added to water to kill harmful bacteria? (3m)

– chlorine

(h) Iron sulfide (FeS) is a compound composed of two elements. (10)

(i) Name the two elements in this compound. (2 × 3m)

– iron
– sulfur

(ii) How could these two elements be made to

react in a school laboratory to form FeS? (4m)

– heat (energy) / heating

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Question 5 Chemistry (39 marks)

(a) The diagrams below show the arrangement of apparatus used for a number
of chemistry techniques in a school laboratory. (21)

Paper
Thermometer
Gauze Burette
Water out Funnel F
Tripod F Acid

Conical Bunsen
flask burner
Base
Water in
Flask

A B C D

(i) Name each of the chemistry techniques A to D. (4 × 3m)

A – distillation
B – filtration
C – evaporation
D – titration

(ii) Name one substance in a mixture that you separated using technique A.

Any 1: (3m)
– alcohol //
– water //
– salt

(iii) Name one substance in a mixture that you separated using technique B.

Any 1: (3m)
– sand //
– soil //
– water

(iv) Name one other separation technique that you used in the school laboratory
to separate a mixture of inks. (3m)

– chromatography

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Question 5 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(b) Air is a mixture of gases, including oxygen and water vapour. (18)

Oxygen can be made in the school laboratory as shown in the diagram.

Liquid L

Beehive
Solid S shelf

(i) In the table write the letter L beside the liquid L Hydrochloric acid
that is used to make oxygen. (3m)
L Hydrogen peroxide

(ii) Write the letter S beside the solid S, S Manganese dioxide

a black solid that speeds up the reaction. (3m)
Sodium chloride

(iii) Give a test that could be used to show that the gas jar contains oxygen gas. (3m)

– relights a glowing splint

Water vapour is another gas present in the air.

The diagram shows a test tube filled with ice. F

Water condenses from the air onto the walls F
of the test tube. Ice

(iv) What chemical test could you carry out to show that
the liquid in the beaker is water? Condensed
water
Any 1: (3m)
– cobalt chloride paper (CoCl2) //
– anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4)

(v) What colour change is observed when carrying out this test to show
that the liquid is water?

** Colour change must match the test given in part (iv).

Any 1: (2 × 3m)
 Cobalt chloride paper
– blue to
– pink (accept red)

 Anhydrous copper sulfate

– white to
– blue

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Question 6 Chemistry (39 marks)

(a) A student investigated the solubility of a salt in water in the school laboratory.
The mass of the salt that dissolved at different temperatures was measured.
The data collected is shown in the table below. (21)

Temperature (C) 20 40 60 80 100

3
Solubility (g/100 cm of water) 10 30 50 70 90

(i) Use the data in the table to draw a graph of solubility (y-axis) against temperature
(x-axis) using the grid below. (12m)

** Correct line on its own / 5 points correctly plotted and joined (12m).
** 5 points correctly plotted (9m).
** Line through all points (3m).

100

90
Solubility (g/100 cm3 of water)

80

70

60

50 Solubility
at 50°C
40

30

20

10 Temp
at 60g salt
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (°C)

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the solubility at 50 °C. (3m)

– 40 (g/100 cm3 of water)

(iii) Use the graph to estimate the temperature at which 60 g of salt is soluble
3
in 100 cm of water. (3m)

– 70 (°C)

(iv) Give the name of a suitable salt that could be used in this experiment. (3m)

– sodium chloride / NaCl

** Accept any other relevant salt.

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Question 6 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(b) Atoms are composed of smaller particles.

Select the correct particle from the box on the right to complete the sentences below. (9)

(i) The proton is a particle

that has a positive charge. (3m) Proton
Neutron
Electron
(ii) The electron is a particle
that has a negative charge. (3m)

(iii) The proton / neutron is a particle

that has a relative atomic mass of one unit. (3m)

** Accept proton or neutron for full marks.

(c) A student set up the test tubes as shown below to investigate the pH of three
different liquids, A, B and C. The student added a few drops of universal indicator
to each test tube and recorded her observations in the table below. (9)

Test tube rack

Dropper

A Red, pH = 3
B Green, pH = 7
Universal
Indicator C Blue, pH = 12
A B C

(i) Which test tube, A, B or C, contains distilled water? (3m)

– B

(ii) Which test tube, A, B or C, contains a base? (3m)

– C

Explain your answer. (3m)

– because universal indicator turns blue in a base / the pH of the base is 12

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Physics
Question 7 Physics (52 marks)

(a) The diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug. (6)

(i) Which wire, A, B or C, is the neutral wire? (3m) C

A
– B
B

(ii) What colour is the earth wire? (3m)

– green-yellow

** Accept ‘striped’.

(b) The diagram shows an incoming ray Z

of light striking a plane mirror. (6)
Y
(i) On which of the paths, X, Y or Z, will the ray
of light travel after striking the mirror? (3m) X Mirror

– Y
Incoming ray

(ii) Write the letter R beside the effect that describes what
happened to the ray of light after it hit the mirror. (3m) Radiation
R Reflection

(c) The diagram shows three light bulbs in an electrical circuit. (6)

(i) Are the light bulbs connected in series or in parallel? (3m)

– in parallel

(ii) If one light bulb goes out, will the other bulbs
stay lighting or go out? (3m)
+ −
– stay lighting / on

(d) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear energy. (6)

Advantage
Any 1: (3m)
– generates a lot of energy from a small amount of fuel //
– does not produce acidic gases or carbon dioxide //
– nuclear radiation used in medicine, industry and food preservation // etc.

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Question 7 Physics (cont’d.)

(d) (cont’d.)

Disadvantage
Any 1: (3m)
– non-renewable - supplies for nuclear fission will run out //
– radioactive (toxic) waste is produced (made) //
– the waste lasts for a very long time (thousands of years) //
– the waste can kill lots of people / living things //
– there is a problem with safe storage of the waste //
– there is a small chance of a serious accident // etc.

(e) The diagram shows a comb that has been rubbed with
wool. The comb is attracting small pieces of paper. (6)

What name is given to this force of attraction? (6m)

– static (electricity)

(f) A glass bottle was filled to the top with water and a stopper was put in it.
The bottle was placed in a freezer overnight. The diagram shows
the bottle had smashed the following day. (6)

(i) What can you conclude from this observation? (3m)

– that water expands when frozen

(ii) Give one safety precaution that should be taken during this experiment.

Any 1: (3m)
– put the bottle in a plastic bag //
– wear safety glasses to protect eyes //
– wear gloves to protect hands //
– dispose of broken glass in a safe way // etc.

(g) The instrument in the photograph is used in the laboratory for measurement. (6)

(i) Name this instrument. (3m)

– (vernier) calipers

(ii) Give one use for this instrument. (3m)

– measure width / diameter of circular objects, e.g. pipes

** Accept any relevant use.

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Question 7 Physics (cont’d.)

(h) A boxer throws a punch with a force of 2,500 N at a punch bag 0.5 m away. (10)

(i) Define work. (2 × 2m)

– work = force  distance

(ii) Give the units of measurement for work and power.

Work (3m)
– joules / J

Power (3m)
– watt / W

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Question 8 Physics (39 marks)

(a) A group of students carried out an investigation into the relationship between
pressure and depth in liquids. The diagram below shows the result that the students
obtained. (12)

(i) Write the letter G beside the spout where the water pressure is greatest. (3m)

** Correctly labelled on diagram.

(ii) Write the letter S beside the spout where the water pressure is smallest. (3m)

** Correctly labelled on diagram.

(iii) What is the relationship between pressure and depth in a liquid? (2 × 3m)

– as the depth of a liquid increases

– the pressure increases

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Question 8 Physics (cont’d.)

(b) The diagram shows a toy car being released down a 1 m long ramp. (12)
The car takes 0.1 s to reach the bottom of the ramp.

(i) Calculate the speed of the toy car in m/s. (3 × 3m)

d
– s
t
1m
– =
0.1 s
– 10 (m/s)

(ii) Name the force acting on the car which pulls it down towards the earth. (3m)

– gravity

** Do not accept ‘friction’ as the question states ‘down towards the earth’.

(c) The photograph shows a battery-powered radio. (6)

Complete the two main energy conversions

which take place when the radio is in use.

(i) Chemical energy to electrical energy. (3m)

(ii) Electrical energy to Sound / Heat energy. (3m)

(d) LEDs are used in calculator displays. (9)

(i) What do the letters LED stand for? (3m)

– light-emitting diode

(ii) Choose a word in the box on the right to complete the statement below. (3m)

An LED needs less current

Less
than an ordinary light bulb.
More

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Question 8 Physics (cont’d.)

(d) (cont’d.)

(iii) Write the letter S under the symbol which represents an LED. (3m)

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Question 9 Physics (39 marks)

(a) The apparatus shown was set up to investigate how Bell jar
sound travels through air. An electric bell was
placed inside a bell jar as shown.

The bell rang and it could be heard clearly. Clapper

The vacuum pump was then switched on.
The bell could be seen ringing but it made
less noise as time passed.

After 5 minutes the bell could no longer

be heard but it could still be seen ringing. Bell (18)
Vacuum pump
(i) What conclusion could be drawn from this investigation? (3m)

– sound needs air (a medium) to travel through

(ii) When the air was pumped out, the bell could still be seen ringing even though it
could not be heard.
What difference between light and sound does this show? (3m)

– light does not need a medium to travel through (but sound does) / light can travel in a vaccum

(iii) How does the bell generate sound when hit by the clapper? (3m)

– it vibrates (moves)

(iv) Use the words in the box on the right to complete the statements below about sound.

The speed of sound is less than Echo

the speed of light. (3m)
Less
Greater
A reflected sound is called a(n) echo . (3m)
Noise

(v) In the table write the letter S beside the unit

Ampere
of measurement for sound intensity. (3m)
Joule
S Decibel

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Question 9 Physics (cont’d.)

(b) Electricity is used in the home for lighting, heating and powering appliances. (6)

(i) In the table write the letter U beside the unit used by
electricity supply companies to calculate the usage of U Kilowatt hour
electrical energy. (3m) 12 V
Volt
(ii) Write the letter V beside the voltage of the mains V 230 V
electricity supply. (3m)

(c) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the transfer of heat energy in air
using used the apparatus shown below. The candle was lit and a short time was allowed
to pass before the smoking taper was used. (15)

Smoking taper

Chimney Y
Chimney X

Candle

Smoke box with glass front

(i) Using an arrow and the letter W, label an area of warm air on the smoke box. (3m)

** Any appropriate area of the smoke box correctly labelled.

(ii) Use the words in the box on the right to complete the statements below.

The smoke ‘falls down’ at chimney X because the air is

more dense than the surrounding air. (3m) More

The smoke ‘rises up’ at chimney Y because the air is Less

less dense than the surrounding air. (3m)

(iii) In the table write the letter T beside the name

S Conduction
given to the transfer of heat energy in air. (3m)
T Convection
Write the letter S beside the name given to Radiation
the transfer of heat energy in solids. (3m)

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exams
Pre-Junior Certificate Examination, 2017

Science
Higher Level
Marking Scheme (390 marks)

Answer all questions

Question 1 Biology (52 marks)

(a) The diagram shows a sycamore tree seed. (6)

(i) Give the method by which the sycamore seed

is dispersed. (3m)

– wind

(ii) Give a reason for your answer.

Any 1: (3m)
– ‘wings’ to be carried on air //
– ‘helicopter’ wings //
– (very) light (to be carried on air) // etc.

(b) Zika virus disease is spread by mosquitoes. (6)

Name two other human illnesses caused by viruses.

Any 2: (2 × 3m)
– mumps //
– measles //
– chicken pox //
– polio //
– colds //
– influenza / flu //
– cold sores //
– SARS //
– HIV (AIDS) // etc.

** Accept other appropriate answers.

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Question 1 Biology (cont’d.)

(c) The photograph shows a meter used to measure

the level of glucose, a reducing sugar, in blood. (6)

(i) Name the chemical used to test for the presence

of glucose in a food sample. (3m)

– Benedict’s reagent

(ii) State the colour expected for a positive result for glucose. (3m)

– brick-red / orange

(d) The diagram shows a system of the human body. (6)

(i) Identify the system of the human body shown. (3m)

Brain
– (central) nervous system

Spinal cord
(ii) Describe the role of this system in the human body.

Any 1: (3m)
– controls the other body systems //
– receives messages from the body systems /
senses and then sends messages to muscles / systems // etc.

(e) The diagram shows the arrangement of teeth in a human mouth. A (6)

(i) Name tooth A. (3m)

– incisor
B
(ii) State a function of tooth B. (3m)

– chewing / crushing / grinding of food

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Question 1 Biology (cont’d.)

(f) The diagram shows the human male reproductive system. (6)

(i) Name A. (3m)

– sperm duct / vas deferens

A

(ii) Identify the type of cell produced at B.

B
Any 1: (3m)
– sperm (cell) //
– gamete

** Accept ‘haploid cell’.

(g) The diagram shows the human digestive system. (6)

Starch is broken down to maltose

by amylase in the small intestine. Small
intestine
Identify the enzyme and the substrate from the
underlined words in the above statement.

Enzyme (3m)
– amylase

Substrate (3m)
– starch

(h) The diagram shows an experimental set-up

designed to investigate transpiration in plants. (4m + 3m + 3m) (10)

(i) Name the organ through which water enters the plant.
– root Living
plant

Layer of oil
(ii) Name the tissue in which water passes up through
the stem. Water

– xylem

(iii) Name the pores through which water passes out through the leaf.
– stomata

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Question 2 Biology (39 marks)

(a) The diagram shows some of the typical organisms found in a pond habitat. (24)

(i) The butterfly and the water lily (flowering plant) are an example of
interdependence in the pond habitat. With reference to these organisms, explain the
underlined term. (2 × 3m)

– the water lily depends on the butterfly for pollination

– the butterfly depends on the water lily for food / nectar

** Accept ‘the water lily gives the butterfly food / nectar and the butterfly
pollinates the water lily’ or similar statement for full marks.

(ii) Name a factor that you think could affect the numbers of fish in the pond.

Any 1: (3m)
– food //
– oxygen //
– pollutants //
– predator numbers //
– carbon dioxide / CO2 levels //
– numbers of other fish // etc.

** Accept other appropriate answers.

(iii) Give one adaptation that a fish has to help it live in a pond.

Any 1: (3m)
– gills (to absorb oxygen / O2)//
– fins (to swim) //
– tail //
– sleek body and scales (to swim) //
– large eyes (to see prey) //
– feelers (to detect prey in mud) //
– spines //
– colour (camouflage) // etc.

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Question 2 Biology (cont’d.)

(a) (cont’d.)

(iv) Give one example of how different organisms might be in competition in the above
pond habitat.

Any 1: (6m)
– the fish and the frog compete for food / insects //
– two different plants compete for light / CO2 / H2O / space //
– the butterfly and the bee compete for food / nectar // etc.

** Accept any reasonable examples containing two species.

** Award 3m per organism.

(v) Identify a producer and a consumer in this pond habitat.

Producer
Any 1: (3m)
– plant //
– water lily //
– bulrush

Consumer
Any 1: (3m)
– frog //
– fish //
– butterfly //
– bee //
– dragonfly //
– snail // etc.

(b) The diagram shows two sterile petri dishes containing agar.
Petri dish A was exposed to the air for 5 to 10 minutes and then covered.
Petri dish B was left covered (unopened).
Both petri dishes were placed in an incubator at 20 °C for three days and inspected
after this time. (15)

Petri dish A Petri dish B

(i) What is the function of the agar in the petri dishes?

Any 1: (3m)
– feed //
– supply nutrients //
– food //
– growing medium (for microorganisms) // etc.

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Question 2 Biology (cont’d.)

(b) (cont’d.)

(ii) Why was one petri dish left covered (unopened)?

Any 1: (3m)
– to act as a control //
– to check that the agar is not contaminated

(iii) Why were the petri dishes placed in an incubator at 20 °C? (3m)

– this is the best / optimal temperature for growth of microorganisms

(iv) Describe and explain the appearance of the agar in the exposed dish after three days.

Describe (3m)
– patches (dots) on the surface / growth (of microorganisms) // etc.

Explain (3m)
– bacteria / fungi are growing / reproducing on the agar // etc.

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Question 3 Biology (39 marks)

(a) The diagram shows parts of the upper arm, lower arm and shoulder. (18)

Humerus
A
Biceps
Triceps
Radius

(i) Name the type of joint located at X. (3m)

– ball and socket

(ii) Name the structure A that joins the triceps muscle to the humerus bone. (3m)

– tendon

(iii) Name bone B. (3m)

– ulna

(iv) What term is used to describe a pair of muscles such as the biceps and the triceps? (3m)

– antagonistic pair

(v) Describe how the biceps and triceps in the upper arm work to raise the glass. (2 × 3m)

– the biceps contracts

– and at the same time the triceps relaxes

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Question 3 Biology (cont’d.)

(b) The photograph shows an ultrasound scan

of a developing foetus in a womb. (9)

A number of events in relation to human

reproduction occur after the production
of gametes and before the growth of the
foetus in the womb.

Three of these events are ovulation, fertilisation and implantation.

(i) Explain the underlined terms.

Ovulation (3m)
– the release of the egg from the ovary

Fertilisation (3m)
– the fusion of the male gamete (sperm) with the female gamete (egg) (resulting in a zygote)

(ii) Where in the human female reproductive system does implantation take place? (3m)
– the uterus / the womb

(c) The photograph shows a person donating blood. (12)

(i) Name any two components of blood.

Any 2: (2 × 3m)
– red blood cells / erythrocytes //
– white blood cells //
– platelets

** Accept ‘plasma’.

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Question 3 Biology (cont’d.)

(c) (cont’d.)

(ii) Give the function of each of the components of blood you have named in part (i).

Any 2: (2 × 3m)
Component Function
– red blood cells – transport / carry oxygen //
– white blood cells Any 1:
– fight infection //
– kill germs //
– make antibodies
– platelets – clot blood
– plasma – transports cells / food / waste / hormones / heat

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Question 4 Chemistry (52 marks)

(a) Chemistry has an important role to play in modern life. (6)

Name two areas of industry where chemistry

plays an important role.

Any 2: (2 × 3m)
– pharmaceutical / pharmacy //
– medical / medicine //
– food industry // etc.

(b) Using their atomic symbols, arrange the metals copper, calcium, zinc and
magnesium in order of increasing reactivity with dilute hydrochloric acid. (6m) (6)

– Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca

** Award 3m for reverse order / using names not symbols in correct order

(c) The balanced chemical equation for the preparation of hydrogen gas by reacting
hydrochloric acid with zinc metal is shown below. (6)

2HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2
(i) Is the above reaction an example of a neutralisation reaction? (3m)

– no

(ii) Explain your answer. (3m)

– because salt and water are the products of an acid-base reaction

and here it is a salt and not water (H2O)

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Question 4 Chemistry (cont’d.)

Stepladder
(d) A student releases two gas-filled balloons at the Position
same time from the top of a stepladder and notes after 5 s
the position of each balloon after 5 s, as shown.
2m
One balloon is filled with air and the other balloon Balloon A
is filled with carbon dioxide gas. The gas in each
is at the same temperature as the air outside of
the balloons. Balloon B (6)
Floor
Which balloon (A or B) do you think contains carbon dioxide gas? (3m)

– (balloon) B

Explain your answer.

Any 1: (3m)
– carbon dioxide is more dense / has a higher density than the surrounding air
and therefore will fall / drop faster than balloon A / be nearer the floor than balloon A //
– balloon B falls faster than balloon A as carbon dioxde is denser than air

(e) Car alloy wheels can be made from alloys

of aluminium. (6)

Name another alloy and give a use for it.

** Alloy named (3m), Use (3m).

** Use should be appropriate to alloy named.

Any 1: (6m)

Alloy Use
– brass // Any 1:
– screws //
– musical instruments //
– door handles //
– name plates //
– ornamental work // etc.
– bronze // Any 1:
– statues / sculptures //
– medals // etc.
– steel // Any 1:
– bridges //
– making cars //
– building / construction // etc.
– solder // etc. – joining wires in electrical circuits // etc.

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Question 4 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(f) The photograph shows metal lockers

in a gymnasium.

Name two properties of metals that make them

suitable for this use. (6)

Any 2: (2 × 3m)
– malleable (beaten into shape) //
– lustrous (shiny) //
– high density //
– hard //
– strong

16 18
(g) O8 and O8 are isotopes of oxygen. (6)

(i) What are isotopes? (3m)

– atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but
different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers)

16 18
(ii) What is the difference between O8 and O8? (3m)
16 18
– O8 has 8 neutrons and O8 has 10 neutrons

(h) The diagram shows the arrangement Glass tube held White cloud of
of an apparatus used to demonstrate in retort stand ammonium chloride
Rubber
diffusion of gases. (10)
stopper
This experiment is usually carried
out by a teacher using a fume cupboard.
Cotton wool Cotton wool
(4m + 3m + 3m) with concentrated
with concentrated
ammonia solution hydrochloric acid solution
(i) Define diffusion.

– movement of particles to spread out

and fill all of the available space

(ii) Why do you think this experiment is usually carried out using a fume cupboard?

Any 1:
– for safety //
– hydrochloric acid gas / ammonia gas is corrosive and would attack
students’ eyes and lungs if inhaled // etc.

(iii) Suggest why the white cloud of ammonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric
acid solution rather than the ammonia solution.

– because ammonia gas diffuses / flows faster

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Question 5 Chemistry (39 marks)

(a) The graph below shows the results of an investigation into the effect of temperature
on the solubility of different substances in water. (21)

240

220

200

Solubility (grams per 100 g of water)

180

3
O
Cl
160

Na
140

3
120

O
KN
r
KB
100

80

60
NaCl
40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

(i) What conclusion can be drawn from the graph about the solubility of NaCl in water
as temperature increases?

Any 1: (3m)
– it increases only slightly (as temperature increases) //
– solubility increases slightly to approx. 50 °C and then remains constant to 100 °C // etc.

** Accept ‘as temperature increases the solubility of NaCl stays the same.’

(ii) From the graph, identify the substance that has the greatest solubility at
a temperature of 60 °C. (3m)

– NaClO3

(iii) From the graph, identify the substance that has the lowest solubility at
a temperature of 10 °C. (3m)

– KNO3

(iv) Describe the relationship between solubility and temperature shown on the graph
for KBr. (2 × 3m)

– as temperature of water increases

– the solubility of KBr increases at a constant (linear)

** Accept ‘there is a linear relationship between solubility of KBr and temperature’

for full marks

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Question 5 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(a) (cont’d.)

(v) Are the substances shown above ionic or covalent compounds? (3m)

– ionic

Explain your answer. (3m)

– because they are soluble in / dissolve in water (like all ionic substances)

** Accept ‘covalent substances don’t dissolve in / are not soluble in water’ for 3m.

(b) The photograph shows oil (a liquid hydrocarbon)

being released from an underground oil field. (9)

(i) What is a hydrocarbon? (3m)

– (compound) made up of hydrogen and carbon

(ii) Natural gas is another example of a hydrocarbon.

Name the hydrocarbon that is the main constituent
of natural gas. (3m)

– methane gas

(iii) Central heating systems can use fossil fuels such

as oil or natural gas.
Name one product (apart from heat energy)
formed when a hydrocarbon is burned.

Any 1: (3m)
– carbon dioxide / CO2 //
– water / H2O

** Accept carbon (C) / soot, due to incomplete combustion.

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Question 5 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(c) The diagram shows the positions of some common substances on the pH scale. (9)

Tomato Pure Milk of

water Magnesia Oven
juice
Cola cleaner

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(i) Classify all of the substances shown on the pH scale as acidic, basic or neutral.

Acidic (3m)
– cola and tomato juice

** Must have both for 3m.

Basic (3m)
– Milk of Magnesia and oven cleaner

** Must have both for 3m.

Neutral (3m)
– pure water

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Question 6 Chemistry (39 marks)

(a) Carbon dioxide gas can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting a colourless
liquid with an off-white coloured solid in a round bottomed flask. (15)

Liquid X

Gas jar
Off-white coloured solid

(i) Write down the chemical formula for liquid X. (3m)

– HCl

(ii) Identify the off-white coloured solid.

Any 1: (3m)
– calcium carbonate //
– marble chips //
– CaCO3

** Accept ‘magnesium carbonate’ or any other relevant answer, e.g. bicarbonate.

(iii) Write down the chemical formula for the salt formed during the chemical reaction
as carbon dioxide gas was being produced.

Any 1: (3m)
- calcium carbonate – CaCl2 //
- magnesium carbonate – MgCl2

** Salt formed must correspond to the solid named in part (ii).

(iv) A third product (apart from carbon dioxide and a salt) was formed during the
chemical reaction between liquid X in the tap funnel and the off-white coloured solid
in the round bottomed flask.

Name this colourless, odourless liquid and state a test to confirm its identity.

Name (3m)
– water / H2O

Test
Any 1: (3m)
– cobalt chloride (CoCl2) paper (goes (from blue to) pink) //
– anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4) (goes (from white to) blue)

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Question 6 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(b) Many industrial and household water users are concerned about the hardness
of their water supply. (12)

(i) Describe how you would test a water sample to confirm the presence of hardness. (2 × 3m)

– add soap
– and a scum forms / a lot of a soap needed to form a lather

(ii) Name a metallic element some of whose compounds cause hardness in water.

Any 1: (3m)
– calcium //
– magnesium //
– iron //
– aluminium

(iii) Give one effect of hard water.

** Effect may be good or bad.

Any 1: (3m)
– limescale in kettles //
– limescale in washing machines //
– limescale in hot water pipes //
– blocks pipes //
– wastes soap //
– source of calcium //
– good for brewing //
– may reduce heart disease // etc.

** Accept ‘scum forms / a lot of soap needed to form a lather’ only if it does not
appear in the test (i) above.

(c) The diagram shows one type of experimental apparatus used to investigate the
composition of air. Air was pushed repeatedly over the heated copper powder and
3
only 79 cm of gas remained at the end of the experiment. (12)
Gas syringe containing Silica tube containing
100 cm3 of air copper powder

Heat

(i) What component gas of air is this apparatus designed to investigate? (3m)

– oxygen

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Question 6 Chemistry (cont’d.)

(c) (cont’d.)

(ii) Why is it necessary to let the apparatus cool down before measuring the volume
of the remaining gas?

Any 1: (3m)
– gases expand (contract) on heating (cooling) //
– compare (measure) volume on either side / syringe at same temperature //
– volume of a gas / gases depends on the temperature

(iii) Why did the volume of gas decrease and then remain steady? (3m)

– oxygen gas removed (used) (reacted with Cu to form CuO / copper oxide ) /
only some air reacts

(iv) How would you know when to stop pushing the air over the heated copper powder? (3m)

– all the Cu / copper metal changes to a black colour

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Question 7 Physics (52 marks)

(a) The photograph shows light entering a room

through a glass window and casting a shadow. (6)

(i) What property of glass allows the light to pass

through the window? (3m)
Shadow
– (glass is) transparent (to light)

(ii) What property of light enables the formation

of shadows? (3m)

– (light) travels in straight lines

(b) A heavyweight boxer strikes a punch bag 0.5 m

away from him with a force of 2,500 N. (6)
0.5 m
(i) How much work is done by the boxer? (3m)

W=Fd
– W = 2,500  0.5 = 1,250 Nm or 1,250 J

(ii) If the boxer takes 0.4 seconds to strike the punch

bag from that distance, calculate the power used. (3m)

W
P=
t
1250
– P= = 3,125 Nm/s or 3,125 W
0.4

(c) The apparatus shown was used to investigate

heat transfer by convection in liquids. Water (6)

(i) Name the purple solid crystal that was

Dye trail
used in this investigation.
Solid crystal
Any 1: (3m)
– potassium permanganate (KMnO4) // Low heat
– potassium manganate

(ii) Mark clearly on the diagram, using arrows,

the direction of the convection current. (3m)

– diagram correctly labelled in anti-clockwise direction

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Question 7 Physics (cont’d.)

(d) State the principle of conservation of energy. (2 × 3m) (6)

– energy is neither (cannot be) created nor (or) destroyed

– but (only) be converted from one (pre-existing) form to (into) another

(e) The photograph shows a rocket in flight. (6)

(i) Name a force that acts on the rocket

to pull it down to the ground. (3m)

– gravity

** Accept ‘weight’.

(ii) State an energy change that occurs when the fuel

is burnt to propel the rocket into the air.

Any1: (3m)
– chemical (energy) to kinetic (energy) //
– chemical (energy) to heat (energy)

(f) The photograph shows a circuit breaker. (6)

(i) What is the function of a circuit breaker?

Any 1: (3m)
– acts as safety device //
– prevents electric shocks //
– prevents electrocution // etc.

(ii) What is the difference between a circuit breaker and a fuse?

Any 1: (3m)
Circuit breaker
– can be reset //
– acts faster than fuses //
– uses electromagnets

Fuse
– cannot be reset //
– acts slower than a circuit breaker //
– uses wires

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Question 7 Physics (cont’d.)

(g) The diagram shows a plastic comb that had been

used to comb hair; it now picks up small pieces
of paper. (6)

Why does this happen? (6m)

– the comb has charge / static electricity

(h) The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate energy conversions.
A piece of copper wire is wound around an iron nail (A) and attached to a battery. (10)

(i) Name two energy conversions that this A

apparatus is designed to investigate. (2 × 3m)

– chemical to electrical
– electrical to magnetic
–

+
(ii) On using the apparatus, device A exerted a small Metal
force of attraction on the paperclips. Battery paperclips
Suggest how device A could be adapted to increase
this force of attraction.

Any 1: (4m)
– use a stronger battery //
– coil the wires more tightly (closer) together //
– use more coils of wire //
– use a bigger nail (more iron) // etc.

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Question 8 Physics (39 marks)

(a) The photograph shows a hurley and sliotar used in Gaelic games. Players often
change their grip length to where the sliotar is hit during a game. (21)

Sh
or
Lo
tg
rip
ng ,3
gr 0
ip cm
,8
0
cm

Hurley
Sliotar

(i) A hurley can be described as a lever. Explain the underlined term. (2 × 3m)

– (the hurley is) a ‘rigid body’ that

– can rotate about a (fixed point) fulcrum

(ii) State the law of the lever. (2 × 3m)

– when a lever is balanced, the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to

– the sum of the anticlockwise moments

(iii) A student hits a sliotar using each grip length on the hurley with a force of 30 N.
Which grip length produces the largest turning force? (3m)

– the long grip / 80 cm grip

(iv) Calculate the largest turning force.

Substitution of correct values (3m)

Correct answer (including units) (3m)

– 80 cm  30 N = 2400 Ncm or 0.8 m  30 N = 24 Nm

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Question 8 Physics (cont’d.)

(b) A group of students carried out an investigation into the relationship between
pressure and depth in liquids. The students used a container with three spouts filled
with water for their investigation.

The diagrams below show their predictions before their experimental results were
recorded and analysed. (18)

Prediction A Prediction B Prediction C

(i) Which prediction, A, B or C, was the experimentally accurate one? (3m)

– B

(ii) Label with the letter G on your answer to part (i) the spout where the water pressure
is greatest. (3m)

– correct position of label G on prediction B

–

Prediction A Prediction B Prediction C

(iii) What is the relationship between pressure and depth in a liquid? (2  3m)

– as the depth of a liquid increases

– the pressure increases

The atmosphere has a huge effect on our weather.

(iv) Name an instrument used to measure

atmospheric pressure. (3m)
Ireland’s National
– barometer Weather Service

(v) What type of weather is associated with

low atmospheric pressure? (3m)

– wet / windy / unsettled

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Question 9 Physics (39 marks)

(a) The diagram shows a circuit symbol. (9)

(i) Name the component represented by

the circuit symbol shown. (3m)

– light-dependent resistor / LDR

(ii) Give one use of this component.

Any 1: (3m)
– light meter in a camera //
– burglar alarms //
– to control street lighting // etc.

(iii) What happens when this component is connected to a multimeter and placed
in darkness? (3m)
– high resistance / allows little current through // etc.

(b) Components, e.g. bulbs, in electrical circuits can be connected in different ways. (18)

(i) When one headlight fails (blows) in a car,

the second headlight remains lighting.

How are the bulbs in the headlights connected? (3m)

– (in) parallel

Give a reason why this mode of connection

is used in car headlights.

Any 1: (3m)
– safety / if one blows the other stays on //
– both bulbs have full brightness (current) (brightness) (voltage) //
– if they were in series both would go out / two separate paths (circuits)

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Question 9 Physics (cont’d.)

(b) (cont’d.)

(ii) All of the bulbs go out in an old set of Christmas

tree lights, when one of the bulbs fails (blows).

How are the bulbs in the Christmas tree lights connected? (3m)

– (in) series

Explain why, when one bulb blows, they all go out. (3m)

– circuit is broken / circuit is not complete,

therefore no electricity flows

(iii) Calculate the resistance of the filament of a car headlamp when 12 V produces
a current of 4 A in it. Give the unit of resistance with your answer. (2 × 3m)

V 12
– R= ,= =3
I 4
– unit = ohm / (Ω)

(c) Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, an investigation that could be carried
out to show that sound requires a medium in which to travel. (12)

Show or State (4 × 3m)

 Method 1
– using the battery, turn on Bell Battery
the electric bell // jar
– you will hear sound / ringing
and see the hammer moving //
– turn on vacuum pump and remove Hammer
Bell
the air from the bell jar //
– you cannot hear the bell ringing, To vacuum
but you can see the hammer moving // etc. pump

** Accept other appropriate answers.

 Method 2
– turn on the mobile phone and get Bell Mobile
someone in the class to call it // jar phone
– you will hear sound / ringtone (with its
and see the screen light up // own battery)
– turn on vacuum pump and remove
the air from the bell jar //
– you cannot hear the phone ringing,
but you can see the screen lighting // etc. To vacuum
pump
** Accept other appropriate answers.
** No diagram, deduct 3 marks. Insulation

DEB
2017.1 J.36/37_MS 51/52 Page 51 of 51 exams
 DEB
2017.1 J.36/37_MS 53/52 Page 53 of 51 exams