International Marketing

The Dynamic Environment of International

Trade
Unit 2

Resource person
© 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Sana-ur-Rehman

PPT 1-1
 • Twentieth to Twenty-First Century
• Balance of Payments
• Protectionism
• Easing Trade Restrictions

International Markeitng by Sana-ur-Rehman PPT 1-2

 • Trade Barriers
– Tariffs
– Quotas
– Import Licenses
– Voluntary Export Restraints
– Boycotts
– Embargoes
– Monetary Barriers
– Standards
– Antidumping Penalties
– Domestic Subsidies

International Markeitng by Sana-ur-Rehman PPT 1-3

 • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)
• World Trade Organizations (WTO)
• International monitory Fund (IMF)
• Word Bank Group

International Markeitng by Sana-ur-Rehman PPT 1-4

 World Bank Group
• International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)
• International Development Association
(IDA)
• International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
• International Center for Settlement of
investment Disputes (ICSID)

International Markeitng by Sana-ur-Rehman PPT 1-5

 World Bank Group
• The World Bank Group has set two goals for the world to achieve by
2030:
– End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than
$1.90 a day to no more than 3%
– Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for
every country
• The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical
assistance to developing countries around the world. It not a bank in
the ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and
support development. The World Bank Group comprises five
institutions managed by their member countries.
• Established in 1944, the World Bank Group is headquartered in
Washington, D.C. We have more than 10,000 employees in more
than 150 offices worldwide.

International Markeitng by Sana-ur-Rehman PPT 1-6