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Introduction To Flowcharting: Grade 10-ICT
Introduction To Flowcharting: Grade 10-ICT
Flowcharting
Grade 10- ICT
START
Read Present
• A flowchart is a year
Display Age
END
Rounded
START Rectangle
Read Present
• Notice there are three year
– rounded rectangles
Read Year of
– parallelograms birth
Display message
“Enter the
present year”
– indicate a starting or
ending point Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
year – Year of
START birth
Display Age
END Terminal
END
Basic Flowchart Symbols
START
Display message
“Enter the
present year”
Age = Present
year – Year of
birth
Enter Present
year Display Age
Display Age
END
Basic Flowchart Symbols
START
Display message
“Enter the
present year”
a mathematical
computation or variable Read Year of
birth
assignment
Age = Present
year – Year of
Process birth
Age = Present
Year- Year of
Birth Display Age
END
Stepping
Stepping Through
Through START
Output
Operation
the Flowchart
Display message
the Flowchart
“Enter the
present year”
Read Present
Enter the year
present
year:
Display message
“Enter your year
of birth”
Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
year – Year of
birth
Variable Contents:
Present Year: ? Display Age
Year of Birth: ?
Age: ? END
Variable - a data item that may take on more than one value
during the runtime of a program.
Stepping
Stepping Through
Through START
the Flowchart
Display message
the Flowchart
“Enter the
present year”
Read Present
Enter the
Input Operation year
Present (User types 2016)
Year: 2016
Display message
“Enter your year
of birth”
Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
year – Year of
birth
Variable Contents:
Present Year: 2016 Display Age
Year of Birth: ?
Age: ? END
Variable - a data item that may take on more than one value
during the runtime of a program.
Stepping
Stepping Through
Through START
the Flowchart
Display message
the Flowchart
“Enter the
present year”
Read Present
Enter your year
Year of
birth:
Display message
Output “Enter your year
Operation of birth”
Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
year – Year of
birth
Variable Contents:
Present Year: 2016 Display Age
Year of Birth: ?
Age: ? END
Variable - a data item that may take on more than one value
during the runtime of a program.
Stepping
Stepping Through
Through START
the Flowchart
Display message
the Flowchart
“Enter the
present year”
Read Present
Enter your year
Year of
Birth: 1990
Display message
“Enter your year
of birth”
Display message
Read Present
Enter your year
Year of
Birth: 1990
Display message
“Enter your year
of birth”
Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
Process: The year – Year of
birth
difference of
Variable Contents: 2016 and
Present Year: 2016 1990 is 26
which is Display Age
Year of Birth: 1990 stored as Age
Age: 26 END
Variable - a data item that may take on more than one value
during the runtime of a program.
Stepping Through START
the Flowchart
Display message
“Enter the
present year”
Read Present
year
Age is 26
Display message
“Enter your year
of birth”
Read Year of
birth
Age = Present
year – Year of
birth
Variable Contents:
Present Year: 2016 Output Display Age
Year of Birth: 1990 Operation
Age: 26 END
Variable - a data item that may take on more than one value
during the runtime of a program.
Sample Problems:
1. Create a flowchart that will get the sum of two integers.
NO YES
Decision Structure
• In the flowchart segment below, the question “is x < y?” is
asked. If the answer is no, then process A is performed. If the
answer is yes, then process B is performed.
NO YES
Is
x < y?
Process A Process B
Sample Problem
1. A flowchart that will identify the grade
entered by the user. If the grade is 75 and
above, system will display "You Passed", if not,
system will display "You Failed".
Sample Problem
2. Create a flowchart that will ask for the total
price purchased by a customer from a
department store. If the total price is Php500
and above, customer is entitled for a 30%
discount which will also be computed and
displayed on the system, otherwise "You are not
entitled for the discount" message should be
displayed.
Practice Exercise
1. A flowchart that will ask for a password of the computer. The correct
password is "Tamaraw". If the password is correct, "Welcome to Grade
10-Tamaraw" will be displayed, otherwise, "Access Denied".
2. There are only two kinds of employee in a company "Full Time" and "Part
Time". Create a flowchart that will compute for the weekly salary of an
employee.
For "Full Time" employees:
weekly salary = monthly salary / 4
NO YES if (x < y)
x < y? a = x * 2;
else
Calculate a Calculate a a = x + y;
as x plus y. as x times 2.
Decision Structure
• The flowchart segment below shows a decision structure with
only one action to perform. It is expressed as an if statement
in C++ code.
NO YES if (x < y)
x < y? a = x * 2;
Calculate a
as x times 2.
Repetition Structure
• A repetition structure represents part of the program that
repeats. This type of structure is commonly known as a loop.
Repetition Structure
• Notice the use of the diamond symbol. A loop tests a
condition, and if the condition exists, it performs an action.
Then it tests the condition again. If the condition still exists,
the action is repeated. This continues until the condition no
longer exists.
Repetition Structure
• In the flowchart segment, the question “is x < y?” is asked. If
the answer is yes, then Process A is performed. The question
“is x < y?” is asked again. Process A is repeated as long as x is
less than y. When x is no longer less than y, the repetition
stops and the structure is exited.
YES
x < y? Process A
Repetition Structure
• The flowchart segment below shows a repetition structure
expressed in C++ as a while loop.
while (x < y)
YES x++;
x < y? Add 1 to x
Controlling a Repetition Structure
• The action performed by a repetition structure must
eventually cause the loop to terminate. Otherwise, an infinite
loop is created.
• In this flowchart segment, x is never changed. Once the loop
starts, it will never end.
• QUESTION: How can this
flowchart be modified so
YES
it is no longer an infinite x < y? Display x
loop?
Controlling a Repetition Structure
• ANSWER: By adding an action within the repetition that
changes the value of x.
YES
x < y? Display x Add 1 to x
Sample Problem
1. A flowchart that will identify the grade
entered by the user. If the grade is 75 and
above, system will display "You Passed", if not,
system will display "You Failed".
Sample Problem
2. Create a flowchart that will ask for the total
price purchased by a customer from a
department store. If the total price is Php500
and above, customer is entitled for a 30%
discount which will also be computed and
displayed on the system, otherwise "You are not
entitled for the discount" message should be
displayed.
Practice Exercise
1. A flowchart that will ask for a password of the computer. The correct
password is "Tamaraw". If the password is correct, "Welcome to Grade
10-Tamaraw" will be displayed, otherwise, "Access Denied".
2. There are only two kinds of employee in a company "Full Time" and "Part
Time". Create a flowchart that will compute for the weekly salary of an
employee.
For "Full Time" employees:
weekly salary = monthly salary / 4
YES
x < y? Display x Add 1 to x
A Pre-Test Repetition Structure
• In a pre-test repetition structure, if the condition does not
exist, the loop will never begin.
YES
x < y? Display x Add 1 to x
A Post-Test Repetition Structure
• This flowchart segment shows a post-test
repetition structure.
• The condition is tested AFTER the actions
are performed. Display x
• A post-test repetition structure always
performs its actions at least once. Add 1 to x
YES
x < y?
A Post-Test Repetition Structure
• The flowchart segment below shows a post-test repetition
structure expressed in C++ as a do-while loop.
C++ Code
Display x
do
{
Flowchart Add 1 to x
cout << x << endl;
x++;
} while (x < y);
YES
x < y?
Case Structure
CASE
years_employed
1 2 3 Other
If years_employed = 2, If years_employed = 3,
bonus is set to 200 bonus is set to 400
If years_employed = 1, If years_employed is
CASE
bonus is set to 100 years_employed any other value, bonus
is set to 800
1 2 3 Other
A
Connectors
END
A
Modules
• A program module (such as a function in C++)
is represented by a special symbol.
Modules
START
•The position of the module
symbol indicates the point the Read Input.
module is executed.
•A separate flowchart can be Call calc_pay
function.
constructed for the module.
Display results.
END
Combining Structures
• Structures are commonly combined to create more complex
algorithms.
• The flowchart segment below combines a decision structure
with a sequence structure.
YES
x < y? Display x Add 1 to x
Combining Structures
• This flowchart segment
shows two decision
structures combined. NO YES
x > min?
Display “x is NO YES
outside the limits.”
x < max?
Display “x is Display “x is
outside the limits.” within limits.”
Review
Input/Output
Operation Connector
Process Module
Review
• Sequence
• Decision
• Repetition
• Case
Review
• What type of structure is this?
• Repetition
Review
• What type of structure is this?
• Sequence
Review
• What type of structure is this?
• Case
Review
• What type of structure is this?
• Decision