PARTICLE

TECHNOLOGY12 Lecture th

LECTURER
Mr.Muhammad Sulaiman
1
Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Material Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore KSK Campus

Muhammad Sulaiman
TODAY LECTURE CONTENT

1. Mesh Number
2. Screen Analysis
3. Taylor Standard Screen
4. Mixed Particle Size and Size Analysis
5. Specific Surface of mixture
6. Average Particle Size

Muhammad Sulaiman 2
 Mesh Number

✓ Number of openings per linear inch.

✓ For example 14 mesh will have 14 openings per inch and
12 mesh will have 12 openings per inch
✓ Higher the mesh number, smaller particle has to be
passed through the column

Muhammad Sulaiman 3
 Screen / Sieve Analysis

✓ Screen analysis is carried out using number of screen so

that aperture size reduces for lower sieve.
✓ Screens are arranged serially in a stack.
✓ The smallest mesh at the bo om and the largest at the top.
✓ Materials are loaded at top and then shacked for a period
of time

Muhammad Sulaiman 4
 Tayler Standard Screen Series

✓ Square shape opening.

✓ The area of the openings in any one screen in the series is
exactly twice that of the openings in the next smaller
screen. Therefore, ratio of the actual mesh dimension of
.
any screen to that of the next smaller screen is = √2 = 1.41
✓ Usually 5-6 screens are arranged in a stack.
✓ Shaken mechanically for a definite time.

Muhammad Sulaiman 5
 Tayler Standard Screen Series

❑ Size of the upper screen must be larger by a factor √2.

i ------------- Di
i+1 ------------- Di + 1
✓ Dpi (min) = Di
✓ Dpi (max) = Di + 1 = √2 D i
✓ Range = Di + 1 – Di = 0.4142 Di
✓ Mean particle size = D pi, mean = (Di + D i + 1 ) / 2
= (√2+1)Di / 2

Muhammad Sulaiman 6
 Sizing of Top Most Screen

1. If the particles are large enough with appreciable

concentration (mass fraction) so that their average size
could easily be measured with the help of thread and
meter rod. Then few representative particles are chosen 5 to
6 prominent dimensions of each particle is measured so
that its average size is known. Then overall mean is taken.

2. If concentration is negligible, the top most screen may be

neglecting for sizing.

Muhammad Sulaiman 7
 Sizing of Top Most Screen

3. If concentration (mass fraction) is appreciable, however

particles are highly angular with nearly same size then
imaginary sieve immediately above the screen under
consideration in T.S.S.S is used and the arithmetic mean of
clear opening of two screens is used as representative size
of material present over top most screen.

4. If concentration is large enough with relatively wide

variation in sizes of particles, then 2 to 3 imaginary screens
are assumed and then material is distributed over those
screen.

Muhammad Sulaiman 8
 Sizing of Bo om Most Screen (Pan)

1. If concentration is negligible, the bo om most screen

may be neglecting for sizing.

2. If concentration is small, however particles are nearly of

same size then arithmetic mean of clear opening of the
pan and screen above it is taken.

3. If concentration is large enough with relatively wide

variation in sizes of particles then 2 to 3 imaginary
screens are assumed and then material is distributed over
those screen.

Muhammad Sulaiman 9
 Comparison of Ideal & Actual Screen

❑ An ideal screen would sharply separate the feed mix in

such a way that the smallest particle in overflow would
be just larger than the largest particle in underflow
❑ Ideal separation defines a cut diameter Dpc , the point of
separation between fractions.
❑ Actual screens don’t perform a perfect separation about
the cut diameter

Muhammad Sulaiman 10
 Representation of Results of Screen Analysis

✓ Materials are loaded at the top and then shacked &

shaked using a shaker for a period of time
✓ Mass fraction of each screen increment as a function of
the mesh size of increment
✓ Two number are needed to specify the size range of an
increment. For example: 14/16 - through 14 and on 16 mesh

Muhammad Sulaiman 11
 Representation of Results of Screen Analysis

▪ Differential Analysis

▪ Cumulative Analysis

Muhammad Sulaiman 12
 SCREEN ANALYSIS
• Differential & cumulative plots usually on a mass-fraction
basis

Muhammad Sulaiman 13
 Example

Muhammad Sulaiman 14
 PARTICLE-SIZE-DISTRIBUTION DATA
Mesh Screen Opening, Mass Retained % Mass
Dpi on Screen, Retained,
(mm) (g)

14 1.400 0.000 0.00

16 1.180 9.12 1.86
18 1.000 32.12 6.54
20 0.850 39.82 8.11
30 0.600 235.42 47.95
40 0.425 89.14 18.15
50 0.300 54.42 11.08
70 0.212 22.02 4.48
100 0.150 7.22 1.47
140 0.106 1.22 0.25
Pan - 0.50 0.11
Total 491.00 100

Muhammad Sulaiman 15
 DIFFERENTIAL SCREEN ANALYSIS
• Arithmetic-average aperture for each mass fraction that passes
thru’ one screen but not the next screen
Mesh Screen Mass % Mass
Opening, Dpi Retained Retained,
(mm) on Screen, Mesh Ave. Mass
(g) Range Particle Fraction
Size, Retained,
14 1.400 0.000 0.00 (mm) xi
16 1.180 9.12 1.86 16 1.290 0.0186
18 1.000 32.12 6.54 18 1.090 0.0654
20 0.850 39.82 8.11 20 0.925 0.0811
30 0.600 235.42 47.95 30 0.725 0.4795
40 0.425 89.14 18.15 40 0.513 0.1815
50 0.300 54.42 11.08 50 0.363 0.1108
70 0.212 22.02 4.48 70 0.256 0.0448
100 0.150 7.22 1.47 100 0.181 0.0147
140 0.106 1.22 0.25 140 0.128 0.0025
Pan - 0.50 0.11 pan 0.053 0.0011
Total 491.00 100

e.g. mass fraction of 0.0186 passes thru’ a screen of 1.4mm aperture but
being retained at 1.180mm aperture, ave. of these two apertures =(1.4 +
1.18)/2Muhammad
= 1.29mmSulaiman 16
 DIFFERENTIAL SCREEN ANALYSIS

Mesh Ave. Mass

Range Particle Fraction
Size, Retained,
(mm) xi
16 1.290 0.0186
18 1.090 0.0654
20 0.925 0.0811
30 0.725 0.4795
40 0.513 0.1815
50 0.363 0.1108
70 0.256 0.0448
100 0.181 0.0147
140 0.128 0.0025
pan 0.053 0.0011

Muhammad Sulaiman 17
 CUMULATIVE SCREEN ANALYSIS
• Cumulative-weight-percent oversize (greater than ) or
cumulative-weight-percent undersize (smaller than )
Mesh Screen Mass % Mass
Opening, Dpi Retained Retained Mesh Screen Cumulativ Cumulati
(mm) on Screen, Opening, Dpi e wt% ve wt%
(g) (mm) undersize oversize
14 1.400 0.000 0.00 14 1.400 100 0.00
16 1.180 9.12 1.86 16 1.180 98.14 1.86
18 1.000 32.12 6.54 18 1.000 91.60 8.40
20 0.850 39.82 8.11 20 0.850 83.49 16.51
30 0.600 235.42 47.95 30 0.600 35.54 64.46
40 0.425 89.14 18.15 40 0.425 17.39 82.61
50 0.300 54.42 11.08 50 0.300 6.31 93.69
70 0.212 22.02 4.48 70 0.212 1.83 98.17
100 0.150 7.22 1.47 100 0.150 0.36 99.64
140 0.106 1.22 0.25 140 0.106 0.11 99.89
Pan - 0.50 0.11
Total 491.00 100

Muhammad Sulaiman 18
 CUMULATIVE SCREEN ANALYSIS

Mesh Screen Cumulativ Cumulati

Opening, Dpi e wt% ve wt%
(mm) undersize oversize
14 1.400 100 0.00
16 1.180 98.14 1.86
18 1.000 91.60 8.40
20 0.850 83.49 16.51
30 0.600 35.54 64.46
40 0.425 17.39 82.61
50 0.300 6.31 93.69
70 0.212 1.83 98.17
100 0.150 0.36 99.64
140 0.106 0.11 99.89

Muhammad Sulaiman 19
 Results from Sieve analysis

1. No. of particles in a mixture

2. Surface area of particles in mixture
3. Average / Mean / Representative size of mixture of
particles on the following basis
I. Volume based
II. Surface based
III. Mass based
IV. Length based
Muhammad Sulaiman 20
 MIXED PARTICLE SIZE & SIZE ANALYSIS

Assumption: Uniform particles of

diameter Dp:
Total number of particle in sample
,N

Total surface area of the particles, A

= N*Sp
wher
e m = mass of the
sample
ρp = density of one
particle
Sp = surface area of one
vp =particle
volume of one
particle
Muhammad Sulaiman 21
 Specific Surface of Mixture

✓ Mixture of particles of various size & densities sorted into

fractions, each of constant density & approx. constant size
ρp & Φ s are known, specific surface, Aw (mm2/g) :

wher
e
xi = mass fraction in a given
increment
= average diameter
Muhammad Sulaiman 22
 AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE

Surface mean diameter

Arithmetic mean diameter

NT = number of particles in the entire

Muhammad Sulaiman
sample 23
 AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE

Mass Mean Diameter

Volume Mean Diameter

Muhammad Sulaiman 24
 Number of Particles in Mixture

Muhammad Sulaiman 25
Muhammad Sulaiman 26