PRACTICE

QUESTIONS

CALCULUS
FOR
JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

1. Function
2. Inverse Trigonometric Function
3. Limit
4. Continuity & Differentiability
5. Method of Differentiation
6. Application of Derivative
7. Definite Integration
8. Indefinite Integration
9. Area Under Curve
10. Differential Equation

About this Book

The content of this book is developed by GB SIR by selecting most famous Kota’s institutes with extensive
research on various competitive exam papers and their pattern. The whole content is focused towards conceptual
learning for the preparation of engineering entrance exam.

website => freebooksforjeeneet.blogspot.com

 Practice Question in Calculus

CONTENT
FUNCTION
QUESTION................................................................................................................. 1 – 15
ANSWER KEY .............................................................................................................16
SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................. 17 – 65

ITF
QUESTION ............................................................................................................... 66 – 88
ANSWER KEY .............................................................................................................89
SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................ 90 – 149

LIMIT
QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 150 – 169
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 170
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 171 – 230

CONTINUITY & DIFF

QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 231 – 259
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 260
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 261 – 325

AOD
QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 326 – 355
ANSWER KEY ....................................................................................................... 356 – 357
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 358 – 443
 Practice Question in Calculus

MOD
QUESTION ............................................................................................................ 444 – 449
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 450
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 451 – 464

DEFINITE INTEGRATION
QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 465 – 485
ANSWER KEY ....................................................................................................... 486 – 487
SOLUTIONS .......................................................................................................... 488 – 567

INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 568 – 573
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 574
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 575 – 589

AREA UNDER CURVE

QUESTION .................................................................................................................. 590
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 591
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 592 – 594

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 595 – 596
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................ 597
SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 598 – 602
 FUNCTION
Questions
 sin x  1 1
 2 + (B) f (x) = 
1. Range of f(x) = [sinx + 1] + 
 2  1  tan x 1  cot2 x
2

and g (x) = 2 sin2x + cos 2x

 x   x  2
sin 3  3 +...+ sin 100 100 (C) f (x) = 2sgn( x 3 x 3)
   
and g(x) = 2 sgn (x2 + 3x + 3)
 x  [0, ] is
sgn x
3x 2  mx  n (D) f (x) =
sgn x
2. f : R  R, f (x) = . If the range
x2 1
|x|
of this function is [– 4, 3), then find the value and g (x) =
of m2 + n2. |x|

3. Find the range of f (x) = 7. Let f : R  R be defined as

f(x) = 3– | x | – 3x + sgn (e–x) + 2, then which
 1 
log e   one of the following is correct?
 [cos x ]  [sin x ]  where [x]
  (A) f is injective but not surjective
denotes the integral part of x. (B) f is surjective but not injective
(C) f is injective as well as surjective
4. Set A consists of 6 different elements and (D) f is neither injective nor surjective
set B consists of 4 different elements. [Note: sgn x denotes signum function of x.]
Number of mappings which can be defined
from the set A  B which are surjective, is 8. The set of all real values of a so that the
(A) 256 (B) 432
(C) 840 (D) 1560 x2  a
range of the function y = is R, is
x 1
 x 7 4
5. If f(x) =    , then the range of (A) [1, ) (B) (– , – 1)

 x 9  (C) (1, ) (D) (– , – 1]
function y = sin (2f(x)) is
9. If a polynomial function 'f ' satisfies the relation
 1  2 2
(A) [0, 1] (B)  0,  
 2  log 2 f ( x ) = log 2  2    .....  ·
3 9
 
 1   1 
(C)  0,  , 1 (D) (0, 1]  
 2   2   
 f (x ) 
log 3 1  and f (10) = 1001,
  1 
6. Which of the following pair of functions have  f 
the same graph?   x 
[Note : [k], {k} and sgn k denote the then the value of f (20) is
largest integer less than or equal to k, (A) 2002 (B) 7999
fractional part of k (C) 8001 (D) 16001
and signum function of k respectively.]
(A) f (x) = ln 1  {x}  and 10. In the square ABCD with side AB = 2, two
points M and N are on the adjacent sides of
g (x) = ln  1  {x}  the square such that MN is parallel to the
diagonal BD. If x is the distance of MN from
the vertex A and f (x) = Area ( AMN) ,

1
 FUNCTION

then range of f (x) is :

Paragraph for question nos. 15 to 17
 
(A) 0 , 2 (B) (0 , 2 ]
 2
Let f ( x )  x  3,    x  1 and
(C) 0 , 2 2  
(D) 0 , 2 3   2 x  ,  1  x  

 x  4, 0  x  8
11. If the functions g( x )   .
 3x  2,    x  0
f(x) = (k2 – 3k + 2) x2 + (k2 – 1)  x  R and
g(x) = (k2 – 6k + 5) x3 + (k2 – 2k + 1) x 15. The function g f x  is not defined if
+ (k2 – k)  x  R have the same graph (A)  (10, ),  (5, )
(B)  (4, 10),  (5, )
then the number of real values of k, is
(C)  (10, ),  (0, 1)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (D)  (4, 10),  (1, 5)
(C) 2 (D) 3
16. If  = 2 and  = 3, then range of g f x 
12. Let f : X  Y be a function such that is equal to
f(x) = x  2 + 4  x , then the set of X (A) (– 2, 12] (B) (0, 12]
and Y for which f(x) is both injective as well (C) [4, 12] (D) [– 1, 12]
as surjective, is
17. If  = 3 then the value of x in interval [1, 3]
(A) [2, 4] and  2 , 2 for which f(x) + g(x) = 12, is
3
(B) [3, 4] and  2 , 2 (A) 1 (B)
2
(C) [2, 4] and [1, 2] 5
(D) [2, 3] and [1, 2] (C) (D) 3
3
x 1
13. The function f (x) = (x  ± 1) can be 18. Which of the following statement(s) is(are)
x3 1
written as the sum of an even function g (x) correct?
and an odd function h (x). The even function (A) If f is a one-one mapping from set A to
g (x), is A, then f is onto.
(B) If f is an onto mapping from set A to A,
x4 1 x4 1 then f is one-one.
(A) (B) 6
2( x 6  1) x 1 (C) Let f and g be two functions defined
from R  R such that gof is injective, then f
x 4 1 x4 1 must be injective.
(C) 6 (D) (D) If set A contains 3 elements while set B
x 1 2( x 6  1)
contains 2 elements, then total number of
functions from A to B is 8.
14. Let f(x) = sin23x – cos22x and
1 –1 19. The sum of all positive integral values of 'a',
g(x) = 1 + tan |x|, then the number of
2 a  [1, 500] for which the equation
values of x in interval [x]3 + x – a = 0 has solution is (where [ ]
[–10, 20] satisfying the equation denote the greatest integer function)
f(x) = sgng( x )  , is (A) 462 (B) 512
(C) 784 (D) 812
(A) 6 (B) 10
(C) 15 (D) 20

2
 FUNCTION

20. Let f : R  R be defined as

f(x) = sin  [x] + e– | x | – ex, then f(x) is log 3 x  1
26. Consider the function f (x) = .
[Note: [x] denotes the largest integer less than x
log 3
or equal to x.] 9
(A) injective but not surjective. Find the sum of all the integral values which
(B) surjective but not injective. lie in [0, 100] in the range of the function.
(C) injective as well as surjective.
(D) neither injective nor surjective 27. Find the domains of definitions of the following
functions:
21. Set A consists of 3 distinct elements and set B (Read the symbols [] and {} as greatest
consists of 6 distinct elements. Number of integers and fractional part functions
many one functions which can be defined from
respectively.)
A  B, is
(A) 120 (B) 96 1  5x
(i) f (x) =
(C) 180 (D) 60 7 x 7

22. Which of the following are identical functions?

(ii) y = log10 sin (x  3)  16  x 2
(A) f (x) = sgn  x  1 
(B) g (x) = sin2 (ln x) + cos2 (ln x)
1
(iii) f (x) =  ln x(x 2  1)
2


1 1
(C) h (x) = sin x  cos x  2
4x  1

x
(D) k (x) = sec2 x  tan2  x  (iv) f (x) = log 1 2
2 x 1
(where [ x ] denotes greatest integer less than
or equal x, {x} denotes fractional part of x
and sgn x denotes signum function of x 28. Find the domains of definitions of the following
respectively.) functions:
(Read the symbols [] and {} as greatest
23. The polynomial R(x) is the remainder upon integers and fractional part functions
dividing x2007 by x2 – 5x + 6. If R(0) can be respectively.)
expressed as ab(ac – bc), find the value of
cos x  (1 2)
(a + b + c). (i) f (x) =
6  35x  6 x 2
24. Find the domain and range of function.
f(x) = 4 tan x cos x; [x]
(ii) f (x) =
2x  [ x ]
25. Suppose the domain of the function y = f (x) (iii) f (x) = logx sin x
is – 1  x  4 and the range is 1  y  10.
Let g (x) = 4 – 3 f (x – 2). If the domain of g   
  
(x) is a  x  b and the range of g (x) is   log 1  1 
(iv) f (x) = lo g 2 1/ 2
c  y  d then which of the following relations    x   
hold good?   sin   
   100   
(A) 2a + 4b + c + d = 0
(B) a + b + d = 8
]log10 log10 x   log10 4  log10 x   log10 3
(C) 5b + c + d = 4
(D) a + b + c + d + 18 = 0

3
 FUNCTION

34. Column I gives functions and column 2 the

(v) f (x) = (5x  6  x 2 ) lnx + nature of the functions.
1
Column-I
 7 
(7 x  5  2x ) +  ln  2  x  
2 x
   (A) f : [0, )  [0, ), f(x) =
1 x
1
29. Find the number of integers in the domain of (B) f : R – {0}  R, f(x) = x –
x
1
the function f (x) = x2 | x |  . 1
9  x2 (C) f : R – {0}  R, f(x) = x +
x
(D) f : R  R, f(x) = 2x + sin x
30. Prove that the function defined as, f (x) =
1
 |ln{ x }| |ln{ x }| Column-II
e  {x} where ever it exists
 (P) one-one onto
 (Q) one-one but not onto
 {x} otherwise , then (R) onto but not one-one
(S) neither one-one nor onto
f (x) is odd as well as even. (where {x}
denotes the fractional part function ) 35. Column-I

31. Find the range of k for which the equation (A) f : R  R, f (x) =
k ln x – x = 0 posses two distinct solution
 1  1
(A) (e, )
 x  2    x  2   2[ x ]
(B) (0, e)    
(C) [e, ) where [ ] denotes greatest integer function
(D) cannot be determined (B) f : R  R, f (x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x

32. The sum of all positive integral values of 'a', e|x|  e  x

(C) f : R  R, f (x) =
a  [1, 500] for which the equation e x  e x
[x]3 + x – a = 0 has solution is (where [ ]  
sin{ x }
denote the greatest integer function) (D) f : R  R, f (x) = e  sin  [x ]
(A) 462 (B) 512 2 
(C) 784 (D) 812 where { } and [ ] denotes fractional
part function and greatest integer
2  x , x  0 respectively
33. If f (x) = 2  x, x  0 then f f ( x )  is given

by Column-II
4  x , x  0 (P) periodic
(A) f f ( x )  = 4  x, x  0 (Q) one one

(R) many one
2  x , x  0 (S) onto
(B) f f ( x )  = 2  x, x  0
 (T) into
4  x , x  0
(C) f f ( x )  = x , x0 \

4  x , x  0
(D) f f ( x )  = x , x0


4
 FUNCTION

2 40. If f(x) is defined on (0, 1), then the domain of

36. Let f (x) = (3x + 2)2
– 1, – < x  . definition of f(ex) + f (ln | x | ) is
3
(A) (– e, – 1)
If g(x) is the function whose graph is the
(B) (– e, – 1)  (1, e)
reflection of the graph of f(x) with respect to
(C) (– , – 1)  (1, )
line y = x, then g(x) equals
(D) ( – e, e)
1
(A)
3
 
 2  x  1 , x  1
41. If f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by
f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = x2 + 7, then the
1
(B)
3
 
 2  x  1 , x  1 sum of values of x for which gf ( x )  8 , is
(A) 0 (B) – 1
1
(C)
3
 
 1  x  2 , x  2 (C) – 2 (D) – 3

1 42. Let f : D  R be defined as

(D)
3
 
 1  x  2 , x  2
x 2  2x  a
f(x) = 2 where D and R
x for 0  x  1 x  4x  3a

 denote the domain of f and the set of all
37. Let f1(x) =  1 for x 1 real numbers respectively. If f is surjective
 0 otherwise mapping then the range of a is
(A) 0  a  1 (B) 0  a  1
and f2 (x) = f1 (– x) for all x (C) 0  a  1 (D) 0  a  1
f3 (x) = – f2(x) for all x
f4 (x) = f3(– x) for all x 43. Let f : R  [1, ) be a quadratic surjective
Which of the following is necessarily true? function such that f(2 + x) = f(2 – x) and
(A) f4 (x) = f1 (x) for all x f(1) = 2. If g : (– , ln 2]  [1, 5) is given
(B) f1 (x) = – f3 (–x) for all x by g (ln x) = f(x) then which of the
(C) f2 (–x) = f4 (x) for all x following is(are) correct?
(D) f1 (x) + f3 (x) = 0 for all x (A) The value of f (3) is equal to 2.

38. Number of integer in the range of the function, 

(B) g–1(x) = ln 2  x  1 
(C) g–1(x) = ln 2  x  1
x
f (x) = sin + 16  x 2 + x + (D) The sum of values of x satisfying the
2
equation f (x) = 5 is 4.
log2 x ( x  2)  .
44. If f(x) = [x] and g(x) = | x | then which of the
39. Let R be the region in the first quadrant following is(are) correct?
bounded by the x and y axis and the graphs of
5  5
(A) fog   gof   =–1
9 2  2 
f (x) = x  b and y = f –1 (x). If the area
25 (B) (f + 2g) (–1) = 0
of R is 49, then the value of b, is
(C) If sgn fog( x )  = 0 then x  (– 1, 1).
18 22 28
(A) (B) (C) (D) If sgn gof ( x )  = 0 then x  [0, 1).
5 5 5
[Note : [k] and sgn (k) denote greatest integer
(D) none
less than or equal to k and signum function of
k respectively.]

5
 FUNCTION

45. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Number of function

f : A  A are there satisfying fof (x) = x 51. If the range of the function
 x  A, is
 x2 ( x 1) 2  p 
(A) 10 (B) 11 f (x) = log2  4  4  is  , b 
(C) 12 (D) 13   q 
(where p, q  N), find the least value of
46. Let f(x) = (p + q).

 x 2  3, x  5 52. Suppose that f is a function such that

 f (cos x) = cos 17x. Which one of the following
x   5  x  1
(  7) | 1  x |  | 1  x |  1  x  1 functions g has the property that
 g(sin x) = sin 17x.
x  6 1 x  5
  2
2 (A) g(x) = f  1  x 
3  x x5  
If f(x) is an odd function then the value of  
( + ), is (B) g(x) = f  x  
 4
(A) 1 (B) 5
(C) 10 (D) 13 (C) g(x) = 1  f (x ) 2
(D) g(x) = f (x)
x 2  4, if | x |  3
47. Let f(x) =  53. Let f : R  R defined by
5 sgn | x  3 |, if | x |  3
f (x) = Min. ( | x |, 1–| x |)
 Then which of the following hold(s) good?
and g(x) = 2 tan–1 (ex) – for all x  R, (A) Range of f is (–, 1]
2
then which of the following is(are) correct? (B) f is aperiodic.
[Note: sgn(k) denotes the signum function of (C) f is neither even nor odd.
k.] (D) f is neither injective nor surjective.
(A) fog(x) is an even function. 54.
2
Let f (x) = x  9  x  a . Find the
(B) gof (x) is an even function.
(C) gog (x) is an odd function . number of integers in the range of a so that
(D) fof (x) is an odd function. f (x) = 0 has 4 distinct real root.

48. Find the Number of functions that can be 55. Column I

defined from the set A = {1, 2, 3} to the set
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, such that f (i)  f (j)
for i < j.
49. Let f(x) = log2(log3 (log4 (log5 (sin x + b2))))
find real values of b2 so that f(x) is defined
 x R.
50. Find the number of real values of x satisfying
the equation x2 + [x] + 3 = 4x
where [x] denotes largest integer less than or
equal to x.
(A) Let f : R+  {–1,0, 1} defined by
f (x) = sgn (x – x4 + x7 – x8 – 1 )
where sgn denotes signum function, then f(x)
is
(B) Let f : R  R and satisfies
f (x) + x f (–x) = x + 1, then f (x) is
(C) Let f : [0, 4]  [0, 9] defined by
f (x) = 6 x  x 2 , then f (x) is
(D) Let f : [0, 3]  [2, 8] defined by
f (x) = 2| x – 1 | + | x – 2 |, then f (x) is

6
 FUNCTION

Column II (A) one-one and onto

(P) Into (B) onto but not one-one
(Q) One-one (C) one-one but not onto
(R) Many-one (D) neither one-one nor onto
(S) Even
(T) Onto
59. The function
56. Column-I f : R  { x  R : –1 < x < 1}
(A) Number of integers in the range of the
x2 4x
x
function f(x) = C is defined by f(x) = is
2 x 2 3 1 | x |
(B) Number of integers in the range of the
function (A) one-one and into
(B) one-one and onto
sin x cos x
f(x) =  is
1  tan 2 x 1  cot 2 x (C) many-one and into
(D) many-one and onto
(C) Fundamental period of the function

f(x) = sin (sin (x)) + ex – [x] 60. The function f(x) =

where [x] denotes the greatest integer
less than or equal to x is  5x  4; for 0  x  1
 2
 4 x  3x; for 1  x  2 . Then the
Column-II  3x  16;
 for 2  x  3
(P) 1
(Q) 2 correct statements.
(R) 3
(A) The no. of integers in the range to f(x)
(S) 4
is 15.
57. Let f(x) and g(x) are two functions such that (B) The no. of integers in the range of f(x)
is 14.
2 –1 ex  e x (C) f(x) is one-one in the given interval [0,
f(x) = tan x and g(x) = x  x then
 e e 3]
which of the following statement(s) is/are (D) f(x) is many-one in the given interval
correct for the composite functions
[0, 3]
 1 1
fog : R    ,  and
 2 2 61. Let f : R  [0, ) be defined as

 1 1  2 
f (x) = log  9x  12 x    1  be an
gof : R    ,  ?  
 2 2
onto function where  is a real parameter
(A) fog is a bijective function
belong to (0, 10). Find the greatest possible
(B) fog is surjective
value of .
(C) gof is bijective
(D) gof is into function
62. If the function g : [–1, 0]  [1, 2] is defined
as g(x) = 2 – 2x2 + x4, then g–1(x) is equal to
58. The function f : [0, 2]  [1, 4], defined by
f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 7x + 1, is (A) 1  x  1

7
 FUNCTION

(B)  1  x  1 4x ( x 2  1)
67. If f(x) = 2 , x  0 then range of
x  ( x 2  1) 2
(C)  1  x  1
f(x) is
(D) 1  x  1
8   8
(A)  ,    {0} (B) 0, 
5   5
63. A function f (x) = 1 2 x + x is defined
from D1  D2 and is onto. If the set D1 is its  8  8
(C)  0,  (D)  2, 
complete domain then the set D2 is  5  5
 1
(A)   ,  (B) (– , 2) 68. In which of the following intervals, the minimum
 2 value of f(x) = |sin x| + |cos x + sec x| +
(C) (– , 1) (D) (– , 1]
x 2  2x  2
is equal to 4?
| x 1|
 18  18(2) 
64. Find the value of expression   +  
 35   35      
(A)   , 0 ~ {–1} (B) 0, 
 2   2
18(3)  18(33)  18(34) 
+  + ...... +   + 
 35   35   35   3   5 
(C)  , 2  (D)  2, 
[Note: [y] denotes the greatest integer function  2   2 
less than or equal to y.]

65. f : R  R, be a polynomial function such that 69. Column-I

f (x2 + x + 3) + 2 f (x2 – 3x + 5) = 6x2 – 10x
+ 17  xR then find f (x). (A) f : R  R, f (x) =

66. Column I gives functions and column 2 the  1  1

 x  2    x  2   2[ x ]
nature of the functions.    
Column-I where [ ] denotes greatest integer function
x (B) f : R  R, f (x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x
(A) f : [0, )  [0, ), f(x) =
1 x e|x|  e  x
(C) f : R  R, f (x) = x
1 e  e x
(B) f : R – {0}  R, f(x) = x –
x  
sin{ x }
(D) f : R  R, f (x) = e  sin  [x ]
1 2 
(C) f : R – {0}  R, f(x) = x +
x where { } and [ ] denotes fractional part
(D) f : R  R, f(x) = 2x + sin x function and greatest integer respectively

Column-II Column-II
(P) one-one onto (P) one one
(Q) one-one but not onto (Q) many one
(R) onto but not one-one (R) onto
(S) neither one-one nor onto (S) into

8
 FUNCTION

70. If f (x) = {x} +

x  x   12 x  20
  x     x  (A)
x    x + …… 2
2   2 
 1  x    1  2 x  
 x  x   12x  20
  x  (B)
+ x   2
2   then value of
 1  99 x  
x  x   12 x  20
f  3  is (C)
2
(A) 5050 (B) 4950
(C) 17 (D) 73  x  x   12 x  20
(D)
Note :- [k] and {k} denote greatest integer 2
and fractional part functions of k respectively.
| 2 x  1 |  2  x  1
75. Let f (x) =  2 , then
71. Let f be a bijective function and a  0, then  x 4 1 x  8

xa  possible integers in the domain of y = f f ( x ) 

the function g(x) = a f   has an inverse
 a  is/are
(A) – 2 (B) 0
function which is
(C) 1 (D) 5
1 –1  x 
(A) f (x – 1) (B) a  f 1   1
a  a  76. Which of the following is(are) incorrect?
(A) If f(x) = sin x and g(x) = ln x then range
x 1 –1
(C) a f 1  – 1 (D) f (ax – 1) of g(f(x)) is [–1, 1].
a a (B) If x2 + ax + 9 > x  x  R then – 5 < a
< 7.
72. Number of elements in the domain of function 1

f(x) = 3sin
1 2
x

(7 x  1)!
, is 
(C) If f(x) = 2011 x 
2012 2012

x 1
(A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 9
Paragraph for question nos. 73 & 74
x2  5
Consider the rational function f (x) =
3 x
x  R – {3}.
73. The range of function f(x) is
(A) (–, –10]  [–2, )
(B) (–, –1]  [2, )
(C) (–, –8]  [–1, )
(D) (–, –5]  [4, )
74. If f : (– , 1]  [– 2, ) is a bijective
mapping then f –1(x) is

then f (f(2)) = .
2
(D) The function f : R  R defined as
x 2  4 x  30
f(x) = is not surjective.
x 2  8x  18
,
77. Let f : I  R, defined as f (x) = 5 cos 4x –
13 sin7x + 2. Then which of the following
alternative(s) is/are TRUE?
(A) Range of f is a singleton set.
(B) f is an even function.
(C) f f ( x )  = f (x)  x  I
(D) Inverse function of f is non existent.
78. Given f (x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4)
defined as f : A  B where A and B are
domain and codomain. Which of the following

9
 FUNCTION

are correct Paragraph for questions nos. 82 to 84

(A) A = (–, –1] then the function is one-one Consider, f(x) =
(B) A = (–, –3.7] then the function is one-
one 1 x2 1  x  0
(C) B = [–1, ) then the function is onto.
(D) None are correct
x2 1 0  x 1
Paragraph for Question no. 79 to
81
A line PQ parallel to the diagonal BD of a – 1) 2
(x 
square ABCD with side length 'a' unit is drawn  2 x 1
4
at a distance x from the vertex A, where x 
One more function g is defined such that
 0, 
2 a cuts the adjacent sides at P and
g(f(x)) = x  x  –1 and f(g(x)) = x  x 0.
Q. Let f(x) be the area of the segment of a
82. The range of the function y  f f f g( x ) 
square cut off by PQ, with A as one of the
vertex. is
(A) [–1, ) (B) [0, )
79. Let g(x) = f –1(x), then the domain of g(x) is (C) [1, ) (D) [2, )


(A) x  0, 2 a  (B) x  [0, 2a2] 83. The domain of y  g gg f ( x )  is
(C) x   2 a, a 2  (D) x  [0, a2] (A) [–1, )
(C) [1, )
(B) [0, )
(D) [2, )
80. For a = 2, the domain of the function
84. The number of solution(s) of the equation
1
(x) = f (x )  f ( x ) is/are f(x) = g(x) is(are) –
(A) 0 (B) 1
(A) x  [0, 1] (B) x  [0, 2]
(C) 2 (D) 3
(C) x  [1, 2] (D) x  [2, )
85. Find the domain and range of
81. If the equation f(x) = f –1(x) has exactly three
 4  x2 
 
solutions  x  0, 2 a , then the value of f (x) = sin loge 
 1 x


a is  
(A) 1 (B) 2 86. Which of the following pair(s) of function have
(C) 2 (D) 2 2 same graphs?
sec x tan x
(A) f (x) =  ,
cos x cot x
cos x sin x
g (x) = 
sec x cosec x
(B) f (x) = sgn (x2 – 4x + 5),
 2 2  
g(x) = sgn  cos x  sin  x    where
  3 
sgn denotes signum function.

10
 FUNCTION
2 where ai > ai + 1 i and value of
(C) f (x) = e ln( x  3 x  3)
, g(x) = x2 + 3x + 3
n

(D) f (x) =
sin x

cos x
,  5a Ci1 i
= x Cy then x + y can be
sec x cosec x i 1

(A) 14 (B) 21
2 cos 2 x
g(x) = (C) 16 (D) 15
cot x
92. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c (a < b) and f (x)  0
87. Let f : R  [1, ) be a function defined  x  R. Find the minimum value of
abc
by f (x)  x 2  10ax  5  a  25a 2 . If f(x) .
ba
is surjective on R, then the value of a is
93. Let function f (x) be defined as
(A) 0 (B) 1 f (x) = x2 + bx + c, where b, c are real numbers
(C) 2 (D) 4 and f (1) – 2 f (5) + f (9) = 32.
Number of ordered pairs (b, c) such that
| f (x) |  8 for all x in the interval [1, 9].
88. Let [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal
to x. If all the values of x such that the product 94. The maximum value of the function
 1  1 x4  x2
 x  2   x  2  is prime, belongs to the set f (x) = where x > 1 is equal to
   x 6  2x 3 1
[x1 , x2 )  [x3 , x4 ), find the value of
1 1
x12  x 22  x 32  x 24 . (A) (B)
3 6
1 1
89. Possible integral values of x which can lie in (C) (D)
18 2
the domain of the function

f (x) = log ax 3  (a  b) x 2  ( b  c) x  c if  95. Find the largest integral value of 'a' for which
b2 – 4ac < 0 and a > 0, is every solut ion of t he equat ion
(A) – 1 (B) 0 x x   5  2{x}  6  0 satisfies the
(C) 1 (D) 2 inequality (a – 3)x2 + 2(a + 3)x – 8a  0.
where [y] and {y} denote greatest integer
90. The function f : R  R defined as and fractional part functions respectively.
f(x) = ln  x 2  1  x  
x 2  1  x  is
  96. Let f(x) = | x 2  4 x  3 | 2 . Which of the
(A) One-one and onto both
following is/are correct?
(B) One-one but not onto
(A) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions of
(C) Onto but not one-one
different sign  m > 2.
(D) Neither one-one nor onto
(B) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions
 m (2, )  {0}.
91. If a1, a2, a3, .... an be the integers which are
(C) f(x) = m has no solutions  m 
not included in the range of
(D) f(x) = m has four distinct real solutions
40  m  (0, 1).
f (x) =
( x  5) ( x  1)

11
 FUNCTION
97. If graph of curve 103. Let a function f : R  R such that f(1) = 2
f (x) = {sin B – sin(B + C)}x2 + and f(x + y) = 2x f(y) + 4y f(x)  x, y  R.
{sin A – sin(A + B)}x + {sin C – sin(C + A)} If f ' (2) = k ln 2 then find the value of k .
touches x-axis and triangle ABC is a scalene
triangle then a, b, c are in
104. Let f(x) = 4x (1 – x), 0  x  1. The number
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) none of these x
of solution of f f f ( x )   is
3
98. If f (x) = 3[2x] – 2[3x], where [x] represent
the greatest integer function less than or equal (A) 2 (B) 4
to x, then which one of the following alternative (C) 8 (D) 16
is true?
(A) f is aperiodic. 105. Find the number of function
1 f : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} which
(B) f is periodic with period . assumes exactly 3 distinct values
6
(C) f is periodic with period 1.
106. Let f(x) = a sin x + c, where a, c  R and
(D) f is periodic with no fundamental period.
a < 0. Then f(x) < 0  x  R if
(A) c < – a (B) c > – a
99. Let g (x) = ax + b, where a < 0 and g is defined
(C) – a < c < a (D) c < a
from [1, 3], onto [0, 2] then the value of
 cos 1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  107. The period of the function
cot  
1
  sin (  | cos x |  | sin x |)  | sin x |  | cos x |
f (x) = is
is equal to | sin x  cos x |
(A) g (1) (B) g (2) (A) /2 (B) /4
(C) g (3) (D) g (1) + g (3) (C)  (D) 2
x lnx
100. Let f (x) + 2f(1 – x) = x2 + 1,  x  R. Then 108. f (x) =
lnx
and g (x) =
x
. Then identify
the number of integer in the range of 'x' for
the CORRECT statement
which f (x ) is not a real number, is 1
(A) one (B) two (A) and f (x) are identical functions
g(x)
(C) three (D) four
1
(B) and g(x) are identical functions
101. If ex+ eg(x)
= e, then f (x )
(A) Domain of g is (– , 1) (C) f (x) . g (x) = 1  x  0
(B) Range of g is (– , 1)
(C) Domain of g is (– , 0] 1
(D)  1  x 0
(D) Range of g is (– , 1] f ( x ) . g (x )

102. Let f(x) = | x – 2 | and 109. Let f (x) = sin2x + cos4x + 2 and g (x) = cos
g(x) = f f (f (f .....(f ( x ))..... . If the equation (cos x) + cos (sin x). Also let period of f (x)

n times and g (x) be T1 and T2 respectively then
g(x) = k, k  (0, 2) has 8 distinct solutions (A) T1 = 2T2 (B) 2T1 = T2
then the value n is equal to (C) T1 = T2 (D) T1 = 4T2
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 8

12
 FUNCTION
110. Which of the following function is surjective  sin 2  x 
but not injective  {x }  2 
(A) f : R  R f (x) = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 1 115. Let f ( x )  (sec x  tan x ) x 1  and
(B) f : R  R f (x) = x3 + x + 1  sin 2  x 
 { x}  
(C) f : R  R+ f (x) = 1 x 2 g( x )  (sec x  tan x )  x 2 1  .

(D) f : R  R f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – x + 1 If h(x) = f(x) g(x) then fundamental period of

h(x) is
111. Let f : A  B and g : B  C be two functions

and gof : A  C is defined. Then which of the (A) 1 (B)
following statement(s) is true? 2
(A) If gof is onto then f must be onto. (C)  (D) Not defined
(B) If f is into and g is onto then gof must be
onto function. 4x ( x 2  1)
(C) If gof is one-one then g is not necessarily 116. If f(x) = 2 , x  0 then range of
one-one. x  ( x 2  1) 2
(D) If f is injective and g is surjective then gof f(x) is
must be bijective mapping. 8   8
(A)  ,    {0} (B) 0, 
5   5
112. Let f : R  R be defined by
f (x) = (a2 – 1)(a2 – 4)x3 + (a2 – 1)(a + 2)x2 +  8  8
(a + 1)(a + 2)x + a + 5. (C)  0,  (D)  2, 
 5  5
If f (x) is into then number of possible values
of 'a' are
Paragraph for question nos. 117 to 119
(A) 1 (B) 2
Given, f(x) = (x + 2a) (x + a – 4),
(C) 3 (D) more than 3.
g(x) = k (x2 + x) + 3k + x,
h(x) = (1 – sin ) x2 + 2 (1 – sin )x – 3 sin 
113. f : (0, )  (0, ) be a real valued function
given by
117. If f(x) < 0  x  [–1, 1], then 'the range of a
1 x is
x2f   + f (x) = x > 0. The set
x x 1  1 1 1
of values of  will be (A) <a<3 (B) <a<
2 2 2
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (–1, 0]
(C) (–, –2)  (1, ) (D) (1, ) 1
(C) –3 < a < (D) 3 < a < 5
2
114. Let f : R  R and g : R  R be functions such
that f [g (x) ] is one-one function 118. If g(x) + 3 > 0  x  R, then the range of k,
Column-I is
(A) Then g (x) 1
(B) then f (x) (A) –1 < k < (B) –1 < k < 0
11
(C) If g (x) is onto then f (x) is
(D) If g (x) is into then f (x) is 1 1
(C) 0 < k < (D) k >
Column-II 11 11
(P) may be one-one
(Q) must be one-one
(R) may be many-one
(S) must be many-one

13
 FUNCTION
119. If the quadratic equation h(x) = 0 has both 124. The set A is equal to
roots complex then  belongs to (A) {– 2, 3}
(B) (– 3, – 2]  [3, 4)
    3 
(A)   ,  (B)  0,  (C) [– 2, – 1)  [3, 4)
 2 2  2  (D) [ – 2, 4]
  7   7  11 
(C)  ,  (D)  ,  125. The value of (6b – 3a) is equal to
6 6   6 6 
(A) 1 (B) – 1
(C) – 2 (D) 2
120. Let f(x) = sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x –
126. If k = a and g : A  B is onto then set B is
4 2
cos x  4 sin x and g(sin 2t) equal to
(A) [0, 5] (B) (– 5, 5)
   (C) (– 5, 0] (D) [–5, 5]
= sin t + cos t  t   , .
 4 4
If the range of gf (x )  . is [a, b] then find the  ax  b 
value of a2 + b2. 127. If Max.  ; x  R  = 3 then the value
 1  x 2 
121. Find the number of integers in the range of the of a2 + b2 is
(A) 3 (B) 6
 1 (C) 9 (D) 27
function f(x) = cos x  sin x  sin 2 x   .
 2
122. Find the domains of definition of the given x  3 if x  [4,  2)
functions. 128. Let f(x) = 1 if x  [2, 2)
3  x if x  [2, 4]
f (x) = 1  2  3  x 

x  6 x  0
123. The range of function f(x) = sin x + cos x – g(x) =  2x  6 x  0 then ;
[sin x] – [cos x]  x  R, is 
(A) [0, 1) (B) [0, 2) (A) gof(x) = k will have one atleast solution if
k  [5, 8]
(C) [1, 2) (D) 0, 2  (B) Range of fog(x) is [–1, 1]
[Note: [k] denotes greatest integer less than
or equal to k.] (C) Lim fog(x ) = – 1
x 2

Paragraph for question nos. 124 to 126

(D) gof(x) is an even function.

Consider, f(x) = [x]2 – [x + 6] and  2x  3 ; 0  x 1

g(x) = 3kx2 + 2x + 4 (1 – 3k) 129. Let f(x) =  2  3x ; 1 x  2 ;

where [  ] denotes the largest integer less
than or equal to . x  1 2x4
g(x) =  4 [x  1]
Let A = x f ( x )  0 and k  [a, b] for  x4
which every element of set A satisfies the then find the number of integers in the range of
inequality g(x)  0. gof(x).
[Note: [ ] denotes greater integer function.]

14
 FUNCTION
136. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
x  3, 3  x  0 are two sets. Let m is the number of one-one

130. Let f(x) = 3, 0  x 1 functions f : A  B such that f(i)  i
4  x , 1  x  4  i  A and n is the number of one-one
and g(x) = x2 + 4, x > 3. Then, functions f : A  B such that
(A) gof (x) is not defined and fog(x) is defined f (i)  i  3  i  A, then find the value
(B) fog(x) is not defined and gof(x) is defined of (m + n).
(C) Both fog (x) and gof (x) are defined
(D) Both gof(x) and fog(x) are not defined. 137. Find the sum of all integral values of a where
a  [– 10, 10] such that the graph of the
131. If number of ordered pairs (p, q) from the set function f(x) = | x  2 | a  3 has exactly
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} such that the function
three x-intercepts.
3
x p
f(x) =  x2 + qx + 10, defined from R to
3 2 138. Find the domains of definition of the given
R is injective, is n then find number of divisors functions.
of n. (i)f (x) = x14  x11  x 6  x 3  x 2  1
132. Let f (x) = mx and g (x) = | x –  | where m (ii)f (x) = 1  2  3  x
 R. If there exist exactly two real numbers x
(where [ ] greatest integer function.)
such that f (x) = g (x) then the range of m is
(a, b). Find the value of (a + b).
139. Find the Range of the function
133. If 3 – 32 + 5 – 4 = 0 and 3 + 32 + 5 f(x) =  x 2  4x  3 +
+ 5 = 0; ,   R, then the value of [| + |]
is   
sin   sin ( x  1)  
(where [ · ] denotes greatest integer function) 2 2 
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
134. The equation x 2  2   sin x  , where .
denotes the greatest integer function, has
(A) infinitely many roots
(B) only one root which is an integer
(C) only one root which is irrational
(D) exactly two roots

135. Let f be a odd periodic function from R to R.

If the period of f is 2 and it is given that
 3.65  log 9 
 4 

f  
 1 1 1   =1
  2 3 6  2 3 6
2 3
.........  

 
then find the absolute value of f(0.85).

15
 FUNCTION
ANSWER KEY
  
1. {5050, 5051} 2. 16 where m = 0; n = – 4 3. domain =  , 0 , range f = {0}
 2 
4. D 5. C 6. ACD 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. C
18. CD 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. ACD 23. 2011
24. – 4, 4 25. BD 26. 5049

27. (i) (– , – 1) [0, ) ] (ii) (3  2 < x < 3  )  (3 < x  4)

1  5  1  5 
(iii) (1 < x < 1/2)  (x > 1) (iv)  , 0   , 
 2   2 
 1    5   1 
28. (i)   ,    , 6  (ii) R –  , 0
 6 3  3   2 
(iii) 2K < x < (2K + 1) but x  1 where K is nonnegative integer
(iv) {x 1000  x < 10000}
(v) (xviii) (1, 2)  (2, 5/2)
29. 5 31. A 32. D 33. A
34. (A) Q ; (B) R ; (C) S ; (D) P 35. (A) P, R, T ; (B) Q, S; (C) R, T ; (D) P, R, T
36. A 37. B 38. 1 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. D
43. ABD 44. ACD 45. D 46. A 47. ABC 48. 0035
50. no value 51. 5 52. D 53. BD
54. 17 55. (A) P, R; (B) P, R, S; (C) P, R; (D) R, T 56. (A) P; (B) R; (C) Q
57. D 58. B 59. B 60. AD 61. 0004 62. C 63. D
64. 289
65. f (x) = 0 has a root in (0, 2); f (x) is invertible
66. (A) Q ; (B) R ; (C) S ; (D) P 67. B 68. AB
69. (A) Q, S ; (B) P, R; (C) Q, S ; (D) Q, S 70. D 71. B 72. D
73. A 74. D 75. ABC 76. AC 77. ABCD 78. BC
79. D 80. A 81. B 82. D 83. C 84. B
85. [– 2, 1) , [– 1, 1] 86. ABCD 87. D 88. 11 89. BCD 90. D
91. AC 92. 3 93. 1 94. B 95. 1 96. ABCD
97. A 98. C 99. C 100. A 101. A 102. B 103. 28
104. C 105. 1500 106. D 107. C 108. A 109. C
110. D 111. C 112. B 113. B 114. (A) Q ; (B) P, R ; (C) Q ; (D) PR
115. C 116. B 117. A 118. D 119. D 120. 2
121. 3 122. x  [–1, 2] 123. B 124 C 125. D 126. A
127. C 128. ABCD 129. 4 130. D 131. 4 132. 1
133. A 134. D 135. 1 136. 94 137. 0003
138. (i) (– , ) (ii) [–1, 2] 139. 0, 2

16
 SOLUTIONS FUNCTION

 x
1. f(x) = [sin x] + sin  + 5050
 2

  
5050, x  0, 2 
  
 
f(x) 5051, x  , 
 2
5050, x    ,  

 2 

3(x 2  1)  mx  n  3 mx  n  3 mx  n  3
2. f (x) = ; f (x) = 3 + 2 ;y=3+
1 x 2
1 x 1 x2
for y to lie in [– 4, 3)
mx + n – 3 < 0  x  R
this is possible only if m = 0
n 3
when, m = 0 then y = 3 +
1 x2
note that n – 3 < 0 (think !)
n<3
if x  , ymax  3–
now ymin occurs at x = 0 (as 1 + 2 is maximum)
ymin = 3 + n – 3 = n  n=–4
12n  m 2
Alternative : y = .
 12
x2 (y – 3) – mx + y – n = 0
xR
D0
m2 – 4(y – 3) (y – x)  0
m2 – 4(y2 – ny – 3y + 3x)  0
4y2 – 4y (n + 3) + 12n – m2  0 .... (1)
Also given (y + 4) (y – 3)  0
y2 + y – 12  0 ... (2)
4 4(n  3) 12n  m 2
compare (1) & (2) we get =– =
1 1  12
 m=0 &n=–4

 1 
3. Given, f (x) = log e  
 ....(1)
 [cos x ]  [sin x ] 
Domain of f :
For f (x) to be defined
[cos x] – [sin x] > 0
 [cos x] > [sin x]

17
 FUNCTION


 – x0
2

[cos x ]  1  [cos x ]  0, [sin x ]  1

[sin x ]  0 [cos x ]  0
[cos x ]  1, [sin x ]  0 [sin x ]  0
[cos x ]  1, [sin x ]  0
[cos x ]  0
[cos x ]  1 [sin x ]  1
[sin x ]  1  [cos x ]  1, [sin x ]  1

  
 domain =  , 0 Ans.
 2 
  
Range of f : In  , 0 , [cos x] – [sin x] = 1
 2 
 from (1), f (x) = loge1 = 0
hence range f = {0} Ans.
Note : Here f is a many one function.

4. Groups 1,1,1,3 or 1,1,2,2

6!4! 6!4!
Number of mappings = 3!3!  2!2!2!2!

= 480 + 1080 = 1560 Ans.

 x 7 4
5. Given, f(x) =   

 x 9 
Clearly, domain of f(x) = [–7, ) – {9}.
 ( x  7  16) 
Now, f(x) = (Rationalise) = .
( x  9)  x 7 4  x7 4

  
So, range of f(x) is  0,  –   .
 4  8 
 1 
Hence, range of y = sin (2f(x)) is (0, 1] –   . Ans.
 2
6.
(A) Clearly, domain of f = domain of g = R.
and range of f = range of g = {0}. Also f(x) = g(x)  x  R, so f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.
  
(B) Domain of f = R  x x  (2n  1) , n where n  I and domain of g = R.
 2 

18
 FUNCTION
(C) Clearly, domain of f = domain of g = R.
and range of f = range of g = {2}. Also f(x) = g(x)  x  R, so f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.
(D) Clearly, domain of f = domain of g = R – {0}.
and range of f = range of g = {1}. Also f(x) = g(x)  x  R, so f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.]

 3, x0
7. We have f (x) =   x x (As sgn(e–x) = 1  x  R)
3  3  3, x  0
Clearly f (x) is many one.
For x > 0, f (x) is decreasing, hence range of f (x) for x > 0 is (– , 3)
Range of the function f (x) is (– , 3], which is subset of R.
Hence f is neither injective nor surjective.
x2  a
8. We have y =
x 1
 x2 – yx + (a – y) = 0
As x  R, so discriminant  0
 y2 – 4 (a – y)  0,  y  R
 y2 + 4y + 4  4a + 4,  y  R
 (y + 2)2  4(a + 1),  y  R
 4a + 4  0
 a–1 (But a  – 1, think ?)
Hence a  (– , – 1). Ans.

   
 2   
f (x) 
9. log 2 f (x )  = log2   · log 1 
 1  1    1 
 f 
 3    x 

 
 
 f (x) 
 log2 f (x )  = log2 3 · log 1 
 1
 f x 
  

f (x)
f (x) = 1 +
1
f 
x

1 1
 f (x) · f   = f   + f (x)  f (x) = 1 ± xn
x
    x
f (x) = 1 ± 10n = 1001
 ±10n = 1000  positive sign must be taken and n = 3
 f (x) = 1 + x3
f (x) = 1 + (20)3 = 8001 Ans.

19
 FUNCTION

10. AP = x ; MN = y ; BD = 2 2

y 2 2 x
hence, =
2 2 2

 's CNM and CDB are similar y = 2 2 2  x  

xy 2
f (x) =
2

= x 2 2x  = 2 x 2 
f ( x ) max
 2 when x  2 

f ( x ) min  0 when x  2 2 
 range is (0 , 2 ]

11. k2 – 3k + 2 = 0, k2 – 1 = 0, k2 – 6k + 5 = 0, k2 – 2k + 1 = 0 and k2 – k = 0
must be satisfied simultaneously.
So, k = 1.
Hence, number of real values of k is one (i.e., k = 1). Ans.

12. Clearly domain is x  [2, 4]

Now, f '(x) = 0  x = 3 and f(3) = 2
 Range  2, 2 
(3, 2)
y

(2, 2) (4, 2)

x
O(0, 0) x=2 x=4

Graph of f(x) = x – 2 + 4 – x in [2, 4]

But, domain has to be restricted in either [2, 3] or [3, 4] for function to be invertible. Ans.

f ( x )  f ( x ) 1  x  1 1  x  1  1 1 
13. Even function = =  3  3 =  2
 2
2 2  x 1 1 x  2  x  x 1 1 x  x 

1  2( x 2  1)  x2 1 x 4 1
= 2  2 2 
2 = = Ans.
 ( x  1)  x  x 4  x 2  1 x 6 1

20
 FUNCTION

1
14. g(x) = tan–1 | x | + 1  sgng( x )  = 1
2
sin23x – cos22x = 1
sin23x = 1 + cos22x which is possible if sin x = 1 and cos x = 0

sin x = 1, x = 2n +
2

hence – 10  2n +  20
2
21 39 21 39
 –  2n   – n
2 2 4 4
 –5n9
hence number of values of x = 15 Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 15 to 17

Sol. (15-17)
15. Clearly, g f x  is not defined
if – 2 +  > 8 and  + 3 > 8
 > 10 and  > 5
(10, ) and  (5, ) Ans..

16. If = 2,  = 3 then

 2 x  2, x  1
f (x)   2
3x  3, x  1
So, range of f(x) [0, )
range of gf (x )  = [4, 12] Ans.

17. For x  [1, 3] and  = 3

Now, f(x) + g(x) = 12
5
 3x = 5  x = . Ans.
3

18. (A) Let f : N  N such that f (x) = 2x. Clearly f is one-one but not onto.
Note: If f is a one-one mapping from set A to A, then f is onto only if A is finite set.
(B) f : R  R such that f (x) = x3 – x2 – 4x + 4. Clearly f(– 2) = f (2) = f (1) = 0.
Hence f is many one but since it is an odd degree polynomial therefore its range is R
hence it is onto.
Note: If f is a onto mapping from set A to A then f is one-one only if A is finite set.
(C) Suppose f is not one-one then there are atleast two real numbers x1, x2  R, x1  x2
such that f (x1) = f(x2)
 g f ( x1 )  = g f ( x 2 ) 
i.e. gof is not one-one which is a contradiction to the given hypothesis that gof is one-one.

21
 FUNCTION
Hence f must be one-one.
(D) Clearly, total number of functions from A to B = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8.

19. x = a – [x]3  xI

 3
a=x +x
7 7 2
7 8  7 8
a =  r +  r = 
3
 +
r 1 r 1  2  2
= 784 + 28 = 812. Ans.

20. We have f(x) = e– | x | – ex (As sin  [x] = 0  x  R)

0 ; x0
=  x x
e  e ; x  0
Clearly, f(x) is many-one and into function. So, f(x) is neither injective nor surjective.

21. 63 – 6C3 · 3! = 216 – 120 = 96 Ans

22. (A) sgn  x  1  = 1  x  R.

(B) sin2 (ln x) + cos2 (ln x) = 1  x  R+
2
(C)

 
sin 1x cos1 x  1  x  R.

(D) sec 2 x  tan 2 x  = sec20° – tan2 0° = 1  x  R.

23.

hence x2007 = Q(x) · (x2 – 5x + 6) + ax + b

x2007 = Q(x) · (x – 2)(x – 3) + ax
 b ....(1)
R ( x)
now R(0) = b = ?
Put x = 2 in (1)
2a + b = 22007 ....(2)
put x = 3 in (1)
3a + b = 32007 ....(3)
(3) – (2) gives
a = 32007 – 22007
now b = 22007 – 2a =
22007 – 2(32007 – 22007) = 22007 + 2 · 22007 – 2 · 32007)
= 3 · 22007 – 2 · 32007 = 6[22006 – 32006]
= 2 · 3[22006 – 32006]  ab(ac – bc)
hence a = 2; b = 3; c = 2006
 a + b + c = 2 + 3 + 2006 = 2011 Ans.

22
 FUNCTION

24. D : x  R; R : [1, 2] .

25. for domain of g (x) is the set of x for which

–1x–24  1x6
hence a = 1 and b = 6
for range, 1  y  10
 1  f (x)  10
 1  f (x – 2)  10
 3  3 f (x – 2)  30
hence – 30  – 3 f (x – 2)  – 3
 – 26  4 – 3 f (x – 2)  1
hence c = – 26 and d = 1
now verify

log 3 x  1
26. f (x) =
x
log 3
9
log 3 x  1
For domain log x  2  0
3

 log3x > 2  x > 9 or log3x  1  0 < x  3

domain is (0, 3]  (9, )
t 1
Now y = when t = log3x
t2

1
= 1 if t = 1, y = 0
t2
y [0, 1)  (1, ) (y   when t  2+)
Hence sum of all integral values = 2 + 3 + 4 + ..... + 100 = 5049 Ans.

27.
1  5x
(i) f (x) =
7 x 7

23
 FUNCTION

1  5x
Sol. f (x) =
7 x 7
Nr  0 and Dr > 0  Nr  0 and Dr < 0

1  5x 7 x (1  5 x )
f(x) =
7 x  7 1  7 x 1

7 x  1  5x 
  
x 1   0
0  1  7 
Case I: 1 – 5x  0 & 1 – 7x+1 > 0
5x  1 7x+1 < 1
x  0 ... (1) x+1<0
x<–1 ... (2)
(1)  (2)
x<–1
Case II 1 – 5x  0 & 1 – 7x+1 < 0
x
5 1 7x+1  1
x  0 ... (3) & x+1>0  x>–1 ... (4)
(3)  (4)
x0
 Case I  Case II
x  (– , – 1)  [0, ) ]
(ii) y = log10 sin (x  3)  16  x 2
Sol. f(x) = log10 sin (x – 3) + 16  x 2
D1: sin (x – 3) > 0  0<x–3<  2k < x – 3 < (2k + 1)
 3 + 2k < x < 3 + (2k + 1)
D2 : x  [– 4, 4]

(3 – 2, 3 – )  (3, 4] Ans. ]

1
(iii) f (x) =  ln x(x 2  1)
2
4x  1

1
Sol. f(x) = 2
+ ln x (x2 – 1)
4x  1
4x2 – 1 > 0 and x(x2 – 1) > 0
 1
   1,    (1, ) Ans.
 2

x
(iv) f (x) = log 1 2
2 x 1

24
 FUNCTION

x
Sol. f(x) = log 1 2
2
x 1

x
f(x) =  log 2
x 2 1
x
0< 21
x 1
1  5  1  5 
  , 0    ,   Ans.
 2   2 

28.
cos x  (1 2)
(i) f (x) =
6  35x  6 x 2

cos x  (1 2)
Sol. f (x) =
6  35x  6 x 2
1
cos x  i.e. 6x2 – 35x – 6 < 0
2
 
– x 6x2 – 36x + x – 6 < 0
3 3
5 7
x (6x + 1)(x – 6) < 0
3 3

 1    5 
 x    ,    , 6  Ans.
 6 3  3 
[x]
(ii) f (x) =
2x  [ x ]
[x] [x]
Sol. f (x) = =
x  x  [x] x  {x}
for x > 0 function is obvious defined
function is not defined at x = 0
for x < 0, function is defined everywhere
except at x = – 1/2

25
 FUNCTION

 1 
hence Domain : R –  , 0 Ans.
 2 
(iii) f (x) = logx sin x
Sol. f (x) = logx sin x
sin x > 0 and x > 0,  1
0<x<
2K < x < (2K + 1) but x  1 where K is nonnegative integer

  
  
(iv)  
f (x) = log2  log1/ 2 1  1  + log10 log10 x   log10 4  log10 x   log10 3
   x   
  sin   
   100   

  
 1 
Sol. f (x) = log2   log1/ 2 1   + log10 log10 x   log10  4  log10 x  log10 3
   
x
sin 100 
D1 D2
  x  
D1: log2  log 2 1  cosec 
  18000  
x
0< <
18 103
x
2k < < (2k + 1)
18 103
(18 × 103)k < x < (2k + 1) kI
 log10 x 
D2 log10   4
 ( 4  log x )  3   0 [x > 1 and x < 10 ]
 10 
put log10x = y
y y  3(4  y) 4( y  3)
– 1  0;  0; 0
3(4  y) 3(4  y) 3(4  y)
( y  3)
 0; 3  y < 4
( y  4)
i.e. 3  log10x < 4  103  x < 104.]
1
 7 
(v) f (x) = (5x  6  x ) lnx +
2
(7 x  5  2x ) +  ln
2   x  
 2 
1
 7 
Sol. f (x) = (5x  6  x ) lnx +
2
(7 x  5  2x ) +  ln
2   x  
 2 
D1 D2 D3

26
 FUNCTION
D1 x  I  x  R – I function is zero
D2 2x2 – 7x + 5  0
2x2 – 2x – 5x + 5  0
(2x – 5)(x – 1)  0
x  [1, 5/2]
7 7
D3 – x>0 –x1
2 2
7 5
x< x
2 2
 D1  D2  D3
x  (1, 2)  (2, 5/2) Ans.

1
29. f(x) = x 2 | x | +
9  x2
Let |x|=t
1
f (x) = t2  t + 9  t2
t (t – 1)  0 and 9 – t2 > 0
• •
and t  (– 3, 3)
0 1
|x|1 x  1 or x  – 1
or |x|0  x=0

(– 3, – 1]  [1, 3)  {0}
Hence number of integer in the domain of function is 5 Ans.

1
 e  | ln{ x }|  {x} | ln{ x }|
xR  I

30. f (x) = 
 {x} xI

 

1 

e   ln {x}   {x}  ln {x} 
xR  I

f (x) = 

 {x} xI
Let – ln {x} = t  {x} = e–t

27
 FUNCTION

 t
e  t
e t
 0 x R  I

f(x) = 0 x I


 f (x) = 0
 f (x) is odd is well as even. ]

x
31. for ln x = k

32. x = a – [x]3  xI

 3
a=x +x
7 7 2
3
a = r +  r =  7 2 8  + 72 8
r 1 r 1  
= 784 + 28 = 812 Ans.

2  f ( x ), f ( x )  0
33. f f ( x )  = 2  f ( x ), f ( x )  0

since f (x)  2  x  R
4  x , x  0
 f f ( x )  = 4  x, x  0


1
34. (A) f '(x) = > 0  one-one
(1  x ) 2
f '(x)  1 as x   not onto
1
(B) f ' (x) = 1 + , f(x) increases both for x > 0 and x < 0
x2
f(1) = f(–1) = 0
 f(x) is onto but not one-one
1
(C) f '(x) = 1 – changes sign
x2
 not one-one
f(x) is not onto since
f(x)  2 and f(x)  – 2
(D) f '(x) = 2 + cos x > 0  one-one
f(x)  ±  as x  ±   onto.

28
 FUNCTION

 1  1
35. (A) f (x) =  x     x    2[ x ]
 2  2
clearly f (x) is into as it will not take non integral values
now write [x] = x – {x}
 1  1  1  1
f (x) =  x   – x   +  x   –  x   + 2  x  { x}
 2  2  2  2

 1  1
= – x    x    2{ x}
 2  2
this is periodic with period 1.
so function is periodic, many one and into  P, R, T
(B) f (x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x
clearly onto and not periodic
now f ' (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 cos x
2
= 3
x  2
x  2  1

 cos
x
D 0 always  ve
so always  ve

so f ' (x) is always + ve so one-one, onto  Q, S

e|x|  e  x
(C) f (x) =
e x  e x
now if x is < 0 then f (x) = 0
so many one
0 x0
 x
f (x) =  e  e  x
 x 0
e x  e x
e 2x  1
so for x > 0, f (x) = 2 x
e 1
now in x > 0
e 2x  1 e 2 x  1  2 2
y = 2x = = 1 – 2 x
e 1 e2 x  1 e 1
so 2x
1<e <
2 < e2x + 1 < 
1 1
 2x 0
2 e 1
2
1 2x
 0 . So range is [0, 1) hence into
e 1
so many one, into  R, T
sin{ x }  
(D) f (x) = e  sin  [x ]
2 

29
 FUNCTION


clearly into as esin{ x} and sin [ x ] both bounded
2
and periodic with period 4. So many one
i.e. Many one, periodic, into P, R, T ]
36. We have f(x) = y = (3x + 2)2 – 1
2
 (3x + 2)2 = y + 1  3x + 2 = – y  1 (As x  ) y
3
f(x)

  2  y 1  x
 x =  3
 = f –1 (y) = g(y)
 O
 
V
–2 ,–1
  2  x 1  3
Hence g(x) =   Ans.
3 
 
37.

Hint:

38. Domain of x is x  0 ....(i)

domain of 16  x 2 is x  [– 4, 4] ....(ii)
domain of log2 x(x – 2) is (– , 0)  (2, ) ....(iii)

intersect of (i), (ii) and (iii) is (2, 4] ....(iv)

x x
domain of sin is such that  [2n, (2n + 1)], n  I
2 2
 x  [4n , 4n + 2], n  I ....(v)
intersection of (iv) and (v) is x = 4
 hence domain of f (x) is x  {4}. Hence range of f is {5}

30
 FUNCTION

xb
39. If f (x) = mx + b, then f –1 (x) = and their point of intersection b b
P( —— , —— )
m 1–m 1–m
can be found by setting x = my + b since they intersect on y = x. mx + b
y=
A
b  b b  b
Thus x = and the point of intersection is  , . x ——
1 m  1 m 1  m  = 1–m
b y
Region R can be broken up into congruent triangles PAB and PCB my=x – b

b B b C
which both have a base of b and a height of .
1 m
b  b  b2
The area of R is 2     = = 49.
 2  1 m  1 m
9 16 28
For m = , b2 = · 49  b= Ans.
25 25 5

40. 0 < ex < 1  x < 0

0 < ln | x | < 1
1<|x|<e
 x  (– e, – 1)  (1, e)
 x  (– e, – 1). Ans.

41. Given, gf ( x )  8  f (x ) 2  7 = 8  f(x) = ± 1  2x + 3 = ± 1

 2x = – 3 ± 1  x = – 1, – 2
Hence, sum of values of x = (– 1) + (– 2) = – 3. Ans.
x 2  2x  a
42. Let y= 2 .........(i)
x  4x  3a
 (y – 1) x2 + (4y – 2)x + (3ay – a) = 0 .........(ii)
If range of eq. (i) is R, then roots of eq. (ii) must be real for all y  R.
 (4y – 2)2 – 4(y – 1) (3ay – a)  0  y  R
 (4 – 3a) y2 – 4(1 – a)y + (1 – a)  0  y  R ........(iii)
4
Now, eq. (iii) is true  y  R, if 4 – 3a > 0  a <
3
 If x 2  2x  a  0 and x 2  4 x  3a  0
 have a common root then a  0, 1. 
 
So range of f is not equal to R . 
and 16 (1 – a)2 – 4(4 – 3a) (1 – a)  0
 a(a – 1)  0
Hence, we get 0 < a < 1. Ans.

31
 FUNCTION

43. f(x) = a(x – 2)2 + 1

 f(1) = 2  a =1
2
f(x) = x – 4x + 5
g (ln x) = x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1
(2,1)
g(x) = (ex – 2)2 + 1
x  (–, ln 2]  g(x)  [1, 5)
 g(x) is invertible function. x=2
y = (ex – 2)2 + 1
ex = 2 + y 1 , 2 – y 1

 
x = ln 2  y  1 as x  (– , ln 2]
  
g–1 (x) = ln 2  x  1 . Ans.

44. fog(x) = [ | x | ]
gof(x) = | [x] |
5  5  5  5
(A) fog   gof   =    2  = 2 – 3 = – 1
2  2   2 
(B) (f + 2g) (x) = [x] + 2 | x |
(f + 2g) (–1) = –1 + 2 = 1
(C) sgn fog( x )  = 0  fog(x) = 0  [| x |] = 0  0  | x | < 1  x  (– 1, 1)
(D) sgn gof ( x )  = 0  gof(x) = 0  | [x] | = 0  0  [ x ] < 1  x  [0, 1). Ans.

45.
A A A
f f
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4

fof : A  A

 x 2  3, x  5

x   5  x  1
46. f(x) = (  7) | 1  x |  | 1  x |  1  x  1

x  6 1 x  5
 2
3  x x5

32
 FUNCTION

x 2  3  x  5  x  5

 x   5   x  1  1  x  5

f(– x) = (  7) | 1  x |  | 1  x |  1  x  1

 x  6 1   x  1
 2
3  x x  5

0 x  5
  6 5  x  1

f(x) + f(–x) =   2 (  7)| 1  x |  | 1  x | 1  x  1

  6 1 x  5
0 x5

for f(x) to be an odd function

f(x) + f(–x) = 0  x  R
= – 6 and  = 7  ( + ) = – 6 + 7 = 1. Ans.

47. f(x) is an even function.

 Y
Also, g(x) = 2 tan–1(ex) – y=5 y=5
2

g(– x) = 2 tan–1 (e–x) –
2 X
x=–3 O x=3
 1 x  
= 2   tan e  – (0, – 4)
2  2
Graph of y = f(x) (even function)

= – 2 tan–1 (ex) = – g(x)  g(x) is an odd function.
2
Hence, fog(x), gof, fof(x) is an even function. But gog(x) is an odd function. Ans.]

f
A B
1 1
2
48. 2 3
4
3 5

n(S) = 53
For n(A) :

33
 FUNCTION

2 3
1 5 5 5 1

3 4
2 4 3
5 3
1 4
2 5 5
3

3 3
3 4
3
3
5
2
3 4 6
2
1 3 4 3
5
2
3
5 5
Similarly when 1 is associated with (2) then number of such functions are 10 and when 1 is associated
when (1) then number of such functions are 15.
Total functions = 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 = 35. Ans.

49. Now log3 log4 log5 (sin x + b2) > 0 or log4 log5 (sin x + b2) > 1
or log5 (sin x + b2) > 4 or sin x + b2 > 54
Now for all x we want sin x > 54 – b2
 54 – b2 < sin x
 625 – b2 < – 1  b2 > 626
y
50. Given x2 + [x] + 3 = 4x 1
[x] = – x2 + 4x – 3
x
[x] = – (x – 1)(x – 3) –2 –1 1 2 3
 This equation has no solution –1
 Answer is 0. –2
Alternate: We are given that, x2 – 4x + x – {x} + 3 = 0 ....(1)
–3
 x2 – 3x + 3 = {x}  0  x2 – 3x + 3 < 1
2
 3 3
Now, x2– 3x + 3 =  x   + > 0
 2 4
 2
x – 3x + 3 > 0  x  R
Also, x2 – 3x + 3 < 1
 x2 – 3x + 2 < 0
 (x – 1) (x – 2) < 0  1 < x < 2
so, [x] = 1
 From the equation (1) we get, x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
i.e., (x – 2)2 = 0
 x = 2, which does not satisfy 1 < x < 2.
Hence, no real value of x satisfy the given equation.

34
 FUNCTION
2 2
51. Consider 4 x  4( x 1)
2 2
AM  GM for two positive numbers 4 x and 4 ( x 1)
2 2
4 x  4 ( x 1) 2 2 12 2 2 2 2
  4 x ·4 ( x 1)  = 2 x ·2( x 1) = 2 x  ( x 1) ;
2 
 

2 2 2 2
x  ( x 1) 1
4 x  4( x 1)  2
now z = x2 + (x – 1)2 + 1
 2
1  3
2
2x2 – 2x + 2 = 2[x2 – x + 1] =  x    
 2  4 

3
 zmax  hence zmin =
2
2 2 3/2
 4 x  4 ( x 1) has the minimum value = 2
3
hence f (x)  log 2 (2)3 2 =
2
3 3 
 y  range is  ,   Ans.
2 2 
 p + q = 3 + 2 = 5 Ans.
Range: where derivative of f is to be considered]

     
52. replacing x by – x; f  cos  x   = cos17   x
2  2  2 
f (sin x) = sin 17x = g (sin x)
hence f = g.

53. f (x) = Min. ( | x | , 1–| x | )

Df = R y
f (–x ) = f (x) )
(0,1) ,½
 f is even function. (½ y = |x|
(–½,½)
Put
|x|=1–|x| x
1 (–½,0) (½,0)
y = 1– |x|
 x=
2
 1
Clearly Rf =   , 
 2
Also f is aperiodic.

35
 FUNCTION

54. For tangency, x2 – 9 = x – a

 x2 – x + a – 9 = 0 y
Put D = 0 |x2 – 9 | = | x – a|
(0,9)
|x2 – 9 |
37
 1 – 4a + 36 = 0  a =
4
 37 x
|||ly a= –37 –3 O 3 37
4 4 4

  37   37 
 For 4 distinct solution, a   ,  3   (3, 3)   3, 
 4   4 
Hence, number of integers are 17 Ans.

55.
(A) Clearly x – x4 + x7 – x8 – 1 < 0  x  R+.
Hence sgn (x – x4 + x7 – x8 – 1) = –1  x  R+.
(B) We have f(x) + x f(–x) = x + 1 ......... (1)
Replace x by –x in (1) , we get
–x f(x) + f(–x) = 1 – x ......... (2)
 From (1) and (2), we get
x2 f(x) – x f(–x) = x2 – x ......... (3)
2
(1 + x ) f(x) = 1 + x 2 y
Hence f(x) = 1 (3,9)
(4,8) y = 6x – x2
(C) We have f(x) = 6x  x 2
(0,0)
x
Clearly range of f = [0, 3]  0  x  4. O (4,0) (6,0)
(D) We have f(x) = 2| x – 1 | + | x –2 |
2  2 x  3 ; 0  x  1

=  22x 3 ; 1  x  2
2 ; 2x 3

Clearly range of f = [2, 8]  0  x  3. ]

56.
(A) For domain x2 + 4x  2x2 + 3
 x2 – 4x + 3  0
(x – 3) (x – 1)  0
1x3
Domain is {1, 2, 3}
f(1) = 1 ; f(2) = 12 ; f(3) = 21 C 21 = 1
 Hence only 1 lie in the range which is an integer]

36
 FUNCTION
(B) f(x) = sin x |cos x| – cos x |sin x|

     3 
 0 if x   0,    , 
  2  2 
 
f(x) =   sin 2 x if x   ,  
 2 
  3 
 sin 2x if x  ,2 
  2 
Hence range is [–1, 1]
range consists of 3 elements i.e. {–1, 0, 1}

57.
Y y =1 Y y =1
f(x) g(x)

O X O X

y = –1 y = –1
from graph
f(x) is one - one , –1 < f(x) < 1
g(x) is one - one, – 1 < g(x) < 1
Thus f(g(x)) and g(f(x)) both will be one-one
2
f(g(x)) = tan–1 (g(x))

 
– 1 < g(x) < 1  < tan–1 (g(x)) <
4 4
1 2 1
–  tan–1 (g(x)) < thus fog is into.
2  2

e f  x   e f (x)
g(f(x)) = as – 1 < f(x) < 1
ef (x )  e f (x )

 e 1  e1 e1  e 1 
g(f(x))   1 1 ,  thus gof is alos into.
e e e  e 1 

58. f ´(x) = 3x2 – 10x + 7 = (3x – 7) (x – 1)

37
 FUNCTION
(1, 4)

(2, 3)
1

-
1 2

so many one but onto.

59. f(x) is odd function

1
dy (1  x ) ·1  x ·1 1
= -
dx (1  x ) 2 (1  x )2

dy
> 0, so one-one. Range is (–1, 1).] –1
dx
(2, 10)
10 -
(3, 7)

1-
0
-
-

60. - 1 2 3
-
-
(0, –4) -

So range is [–4, 10]. No. of integers = 15 Many one.

61. Given f (x) = log  9 x 2  12    1

 
Df = R & Rf = [0, )
So, it is possible when
9x2 – 12x +  = 0
has equal roots
 Disc. = 0
So, 144 = 36
 =4 Ans.

62. We have g(x) = x4 – 2x2 + 2 = y

 x2 = 1 ± y 1

 x = – 1 y 1

Hence g–1(x) = – 1  y  1 . ]

38
 FUNCTION

1
63. f (x) =
2

2 1  2 x  2x 
1
= 
2

 2 1  2 x  2x  (0,1)
y

1
 2 
=   1  2x  1  2 
2 
 1/2

1
 2
y = 1   1  2x 1 
2 
 x
O 1/2
ymax = 1 when x = 0
x=0 is the inflection point
1
Alternatively: f ' (x) = 1 – ; f ' (x) = 0
1  2x
 1 – 2x = 1  x=0
also f (– ) =  – 
Note: x = 0 is the inflection point.

18 (1)  18 (2)  18 (3)  18 (33)  18 (34) 
64. N=   +  +  + ........... +   +  ... (1)
 35   35   35   35   35 
 18   18 (2)   18 (3)   18 (33)   18 (34) 
N = 18   + 18   + 18  + ...... + 18  35  + 18  35  ... (2)
 35   35   35     
(1) + (2)  2N = (
18  1)  (18  1)  ...........  (18  1) = 17 (34)
 
34 times

 N = 17 (17) = 289.

65. obviously f is a linear polynomial

let f (x) = ax + b hence f (x2 + x + 3) + 2f(x2 – 3x + 5)  6x2 – 10x + 17
or [a(x2 + x + 3) + b] + 2[a(x2 – 3x + 5) + b]  6x2 – 10x + 17
a + 2a = 6 ....(1)  (comparing coeff. of x 2
 a  2
a – 6a = – 10 ....(2)  and coeff. of x both sides )
again, 3a + b + 10a + 2b = 17
 6 + b + 20 + 2b = 17
26 + 3b = 17  b=–3
 f (x) = 2x – 3

39
 FUNCTION

66.
1
(A) f '(x) = > 0  one-one
(1  x ) 2
f '(x)  1 as x   not onto
1
(B) f ' (x) = 1 + , f(x) increases both for x > 0 and x < 0
x2
f(1) = f(–1) = 0
 f(x) is onto but not one-one
1
(C) f '(x) = 1 – changes sign
x2
 not one-one
f(x) is not onto since
f(x)  2 and f(x)  – 2
(D) f '(x) = 2 + cos x > 0  one-one
f(x)  ±  as x  ±   onto.

 1
2
4 x  
4x ( x  1)  x
67. y= = 2
x 2  ( x 2  1) 2  1
1  x  
 x

1
Let x =t
x
for x > 0, t  2
4t 4
y= 2 =
1 t 1
t
t
1 5
for t  2, t + 
t 2
8
0<y & y = 0 for x = 0
5
 8
 Range of f(x) is 0,  Ans.
 5
68. Range of |sin x| is [0, 1]  x R
Range of |cos x + sec x| is [2, )  x such that cos x  0
x 2  2x  2 1
Range of = | x 1|  is [2, )  x + 1  0 i.e. x  – 1
| x 1| | x 1|

40
 FUNCTION

 x 2  2x  2 
Given that f(x)min = | sin x |  | cos x  sec x |  | x  1 |   4
 min
which is possible only if every term has its minimum value which can be obtained at x = 0 only
 the domain will be the set containing x = 0 and not containing x = – 1. ]

69.
 1  1
(A) f (x) =  x     x    2[ x ]
 2  2
clearly f (x) is into as it will not take non integral values
now write [x] = x – {x}
 1  1  1  1
f (x) =  x   – x   +  x   –  x   + 2  x  { x}
 2  2  2  2

 1  1
= – x    x    2{ x}
 2  2
this is periodic with period 1.
so function is periodic, many one and into  P, R, T

(B) f (x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x

clearly onto and not periodic
now f ' (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 cos x
2
= 3
x  2
x  2  1

 cos
x
D 0 always  ve
so always  ve

so f ' (x) is always + ve so one-one, onto  Q, S

e|x|  e  x
(C) f (x) = x
e  e x
now if x is < 0 then f (x) = 0
so many one
0 x0

f (x) =  e x  e  x
 x 0
e x  e x
e 2x  1
so for x > 0, f (x) =
e2 x  1
now in x > 0
e 2x  1 e 2 x  1  2 2
y= 2x = 2x = 1 – 2x
e 1 e 1 e 1
so 2x
1<e <
2 < e2x + 1 < 

41
 FUNCTION

1 1
 2x 0
2 e 1
2
1  0 . So range is [0, 1) hence into
e2x  1
so many one, into  R, T
sin{ x }  
(D) f (x) = e  sin  [x ]
2 

clearly into as esin{ x} and sin [ x ] both bounded
2
and periodic with period 4. So many one
i.e. Many one, periodic, into  P, R, T

  x     x    x 
70. f (x) = {x} + x    x
2   2 
+ …… + x   2 
 1  x    1  2 x    1  99 x  
= 100{x} ( {x + m} = {x}, m  I)
f ( 3 ) = 100 (0.732) = 73.2

f  3  = 73 Ans.
71. Let y = g(x)  x = g–1(y)
x 
y = a f  1
a 

x  y x  y
 f  1 =  + 1 = f 1 
a  a a a
 y 
 x = a f 1   1
 a 

 x 
 g–1(x) = a  f 1   1 . Ans.
 a 
1 2
72. Also, sin–1x2 is defined for – 1  x  1  3sin x
is defined for x  [–1, 1].
 1 1 2 
Now, (7x + 1) is defined for 7x + 1  0 with 7x + 1  N  {0}  x   , 0, , , .......
7 7 7 
1
Also, is defined for x  (–1, ).
x 1
 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 
So, domain of f(x) =  , 0, , , , , , ,1 .
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 

42
 FUNCTION
Paragraph for question nos. 73 & 74

x2  5
73 Let y =  x2 + yx – (3y + 5) = 0
3 x
As, x  R, so D 0  y2 + 4 (3y + 5)  0  (y + 10) (y + 2)  0
 y  (–, –10]  [–2, ) = range of f(x).
x2  5
74 Given, y =  x2 + yx – (3y + 5) = 0
3 x

 y  y 2  12 y  20  x  x 2  12 x  20
 x=  f –1(x) =
2 2

–1(x)  x  x 2  12 x  20
[Note: f = is rejected. Think!]
2

75. Dfof (x) = [– 2, 1]   2, 2 3 

76.
(A) Clearly, gf (x )  = g(sin x) = ln (sin x)
For domain, 0 < sin x  1
Clearly, Range of gf (x )  = (– , 0].
(B) As, x2 + (a – 1) x + 9 > 0  x  R, so
D < 0  (a – 1)2 – 36 < 0  (a – 1)2 – (6)2 < 0  (a – 7) (a + 5) < 0  – 5 < a < 7.
1
(C) 
Given, f(x) = 2011 x 
2012 2012

1 1
 
f f ( x )   2011  f (x )  
2012 2012
 
= 2011  2011  x 2012  2012 =x
So, f f ( x )  = x  f f (2)  = 2

x 2  4x  30 5
(D) Given, f : R  R be y = = (say)
x 2  8x  18 3
 3x2 + 12x + 90 = 5x2 – 40x + 90  0 = 2x2 – 52x  0 = 2x (x – 26)

43
 FUNCTION

5
So, x = 0, 26  f(0) = f(26) = .
3
Hence f(x) is many-one function.
Also, x2 + 4x + 30 > 0  x  R and x2 – 8x + 18 > 0  x  R
Hence, y can't be zero or negative for any x  R. But co-domain is R.
Hence, f(x) is into function. Ans.

77. Clearly f (x) = 7,  x  I

 Rf = {7}
The graph of f (x) is shown below.

Note : f is periodic function with period 1.

78. f (x) = (x2 + 5x + 4)(x2 + 5x + 6)

Put x2 + 5x = t
(t + 4)(t + 6) = t2 + 10t + 24 = (t + 5)2 – 1
 minimum value of f (x) = –1, Rf = [–1, )
at x2 + 5x = –5
 5  25  20  5  5
 x= =
2 2
 5  2.25
= = –3.625 or –1.375 approx.
2

Paragraph for Question no. 79 to 81

Sol. Two cases are possible for PQ w.r.t. diagonal CA

 a  D C
Case-I: When x = AR AS, i.e. x  0,
 2 
Triangle ARP is an isosceles right angle triangle Q S
hence AP = 2 x = AQ R
x x
 area of segment i.e. f(x) =
 2x 
2
 a 
= x2 , x  0, A B
2 P
2 

44
 FUNCTION

 a  ( 2 a  x)
Case-II: When x = AR  AS i.e. x   , 2a  Q
 2  D C
 CP = CQ = 2 ( 2 a  x) R 2 ( 2 a  x)

 a  S P
area of segment f(x) = a2 – ( 2 a – x)2, x   , 2a 
 2 
i.e. f : [0, 2 a]  [0, a2]
A B
 2 a
x , 0x
2
f(x) =  a
a 2 

 2a  x , 
2

2
xa

a 2
a
when 0  x  , f(x) = x , 0  f(x) 
2 2
a2 a
Put x = f –1(x)  f 1
(x)  2
= x, 0  x 
2
, 0  f –1(x) 
2

a2
 f –1(x) = x ,0x
2
a a2
when x 2 a, f(x) = a2 – ( 2 a – x)2,  f(x)  a2
2 2
2 a
Put x = f –1(x), x = a2 –  2a  f 1( x )  , a2
2
 x  a2,
2
 f –1(x)  2a

  2 a  f 1 ( x )  2
= a2 – x

 2 a – f –1(x) = ± a2  x

 f –1(x) = 2 a  a2  x
a
Neglecting positive sign since  f –1(x)  2 a
2

 a2
 x , 0x
 f(x) = 2 a  a 2  x  f –1(x) =  2
 2a  a 2  x , a2
  x  a2
2
Hence domain of f –1(x) is x  [0, a2]
For a = 2
x 2 , 0x 2
f(x) = 
 2
4  2 2  x ,  2x2

45
 FUNCTION

 x, 0x 2
and f –1(x) = 
2 2  4  x , 2  x  2

Domain of f 1 (x )  f ( x ) is when f –1(x) – f(x)  0

Case-I: 0  x  2
x – x2  0  x (1 – x3/2)  0  0  x  1
Case-II: 2 x2

f –1(x) = x i.e. f –1(x)  21 4 , 2   and f(x) = 4 – (2 2 – x)2, f(x)  [2, 8( 2 – 1)]

Hence f –1(x) – f(x)  0  x .

Hence domain of (x) = f 1 (x )  f ( x ) is x  [0, 1] for a = 2.

 2 a
x , 0x
2
The equation f(x) – f '(x) = 0 has exactly three solutions f(x) =  a
a 2   2a  x ,
2
xa
 2

 a2
 x , 0x
–1
f (x) =  2
 2a  a 2  x , a2
  x  a2
2

a2 a
Exactly three solutions exists if = i.e. a = 2 . Ans.]
2 2

Paragraph for questions nos. 82 to 84

Graph of f(x) is
y=x
3
( x  1) 2
2
4
y
2 f(x)
2 g(x)
x
1+
1
1 x 2

x
–1 0 1 2 3

–1

82 y  f f f g( x ) 
From the graph it is clear that domain of g(x) is [0, ) and range of g(x) is [–1, )

46
 FUNCTION
x g g(x) f(g(x)) f(f(g(x))) f(f(f(g(x))))
f f f

[0, ) [–1, ) [0, ) [1, ) [2, )

Hence, range of f f f g (x ) is [2, )

83. For the domain of y  g gg f ( x ) 
gg f ( x )  [0, )
 gf (x )  [1, )
f(x) [2, )
x [1, )

84. The solution of equation f(x) = g(x) is same as solution of the equation f(x) = x.
( x  1)2
 2  x x2 – 2x + 1 = 4(x – 2)
4
x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 (x – 3)2 = 0 x = 3.

 4  x2 
sin log  
85. Given, f (x) = e
1 x  ....(1)
 
Domain of f : For f (x) to be defined
(i) 4 – x2  0
 –2x2 ....(2)

4  x2
(ii) >0
1 x
 1–x>0
 –  < x < 1 ....(3)
from (2) and (3), – 2  x < 1
 domain of f = [– 2, 1) Ans
Range of f :
 4  x2   2 
Lim log e     and Lim log  4  x   
 1 x  e
x 2  0 x 10 1 x 
   
 4  x2 
log  
also e
1  x  is a continuous function in domain [–2, 1),
 
therefore it attains all values between –  and .
 4  x2 
log  
 –< e
1 x  <
 

 4  x2 
log  
 –1 e
1 x   1s range of f = [– 1, 1] Ans.
 

47
 FUNCTION

86.
sec x tan x cos x sin x
(A) We have f(x) =  , g(x) = 
cos x cot x sec x cosec x
k
Clearly both f(x) and g(x) are identical functions as x   k  I.
2
(B) As x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1 > 0
Hence f(x) = 1  x  R.
 
Also cos2 x + sin2  x   > 0
 3
Hence g(x) = 1  x  R.
 f(x) and g(x) are identical.
2
(C) f(x) = e ln( x 3x 3) 2
 3 3
As x2 + 3x + 3 =  x    > 0  x  R.
 2 4
Hence f(x) = x2 + 3x + 3  x  R.
 f(x) is identical to g(x).
sin x cos x 2 cos 2 x
(D) We have f(x) =  , g(x) =
sec x cosec x cot x
k
Clearly both f(x) and g(x) are identical functions as x   k  I.
2

87. f(x) = (x – 5a) 2 + 5 – a.  5 – a = 1  a = 4.

88. Product of two integers is prime if one of them is 1.

 1  1
now x  2   x  2  is to be prime
   
 1  1
Case-I: Let  x   = 1 and  x   = 2
 2  2
1 1 3 5 3 5
 1x– <2 and 2  x + <3; x < and x <
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 5 
Hence x   ,  ....(1)
2 2
 1  1
Case-II: Let  x   = – 1 and  x   = – 2 (we will find no solution)
 2  2

 1  1
Case-III: Let  x   = 1 and  x   = 2 (we will find no solution)
 2  2

48
 FUNCTION

 1  1
Case-IV: Let  x   = – 1 and  x   = – 2
 2  2
1 1
 –1x+ <0 and – 2  x – <–1
2 2
3 1 3 1
– x <– and – x <–
2 2 2 2
 3 1
Hence x    ,   ....(2)
 2 2
 3 1 3 5 
from (1) and (2) x   ,     , 
 2 2 2 2
9 1 9 25 44
 x12  x 22  x 32  x 24 = + + + = 1. Ans.
= 11.
4 4 4 4 4

89. 
Given, f (x) = log ax 3  (a  b) x 2  ( b  c) x  c 
For f (x) to be defined
ax3 + (a + b)x2 + (b + c)x + c > 0
 (ax3 + bx2 + cx) + (ax2 + bx + c) > 0
 x(ax2 + bx + c) + ax2 + bx + c > 0
 (x + 1)(ax2 + bx + c) > 0
 x+1>0
[ b2 – 4ac < 0 and a > 0,  ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all real x]
 x>–1
hence domain of f = (– 1, ) Ans.

2
1  
90. f(x) = ln  x2 1  x  x2 1  x 
2  

1  2 2
= ln  x  1  x  x  1  x  2
2 
 x  1  x 
2
2
2


1
=
2 
ln 2 x 2  1  2 
An even function hence neither one-one nor onto.

49
 FUNCTION

40
91. y=
x 2  4x  5
 x2 – 4xy – 5y – 40 = 0
 x is real  D 0
2
16y + 4y(5y + 40)  0
9y2 + 40y  0 y(9y + 40)  0

 40 
 y     ,    0,   but y 0
 9

 40 
 y     ,    (0,  )
 9
Integers which are not included in the range are – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0
5
Now,  5a Ci1i
= 5C0 + 6C1 + 7C2 + 8C3 + 9C4
i 1

= 10C4 = 10C6
 24y = 10 + 4 or 10 + 6
= 14 or 16

50
 FUNCTION

92. f (1) = a + b + c
f (–2) = 4a – 2b + c
hence f (1) – f (– 2) = 3(b – a)
abc 3 f (1) 3
E= = =
ba f (1)  f (2) f (2)
1
f (1)
Hence Emin. occurs when f (–2) = 0
Hence Emin. = 3 Ans.

Aliter: f (x)  0  x
 a > 0 and b2 – 4ac  0
b2
 c
4a
b2
 a+b+ca+b+
4a

4a 2  4ab  b 2
a+b+c
4a
since b – a > 0
abc 4a 2  4ab  b 2
 
ba 4a ( b  a )
2
 3a  (b  a ) 
 
( 2a  b) 2  2 
= =
4a ( b  a ) a (b  a )
Using A.M.  G.M. on 3a and b – a
3a (b  a )

a (b  a )
=3
Equality holds when 3a = b – a
 4a = b
 b = c = 4a. Ans.

93. f (1) = 1 + b + c
f (5) = 25 + 5b + c
f (9) = 81 + 9b + c
Now f (1) – 2 f (5) + f (9) = 32 ......(1)
Since | f (x) |  8 for all x in the interval [1, 9], we have
| f (1) |  8; | f (5) |  8; | f (9) |  8
Now from (1),
32 = | f (1) – 2 f (5) + f (9) |  | f (1) | + 2 | f (5) | + | f (9) |  32
 f (1) = f (9) = 8; f (5) = – 8

51
 FUNCTION
i.e. b + c + 1 = 8; 9b + c + 81 = 8; 5b + c + 25 = – 8
The only pair (b, c) that satisfies the condition when b = – 10 and c = 17
 1 ordered pair. Ans.
1
4 2 x
x x x
94. =
x  2x 3 1
6 1
x3  2  3
x

1 1
x x
x x
= 3 
 1  1  1  1
 x    1  1  3 x   3 x    3 x  
 x  x  x  x

1
=
6

95. x[x] – 5x + 2x – 2[x] + 6 = 0

[x] (x – 2) – 3 (x – 2) = 0
x  3 (x – 2) = 0  x = 2 or [x] = 3  x  [3, 4)  {2}
(a – 3)x2 + 2 (a + 3)x – 8a  0
ax2 – 3x2 + 2ax + 6x – 8a  0
ax2 – 2ax – 3x2 + 6x + 4ax – 8a  0
ax(x – 2) – 3x(x – 2) + 4a(x – 2)  0
(x – 2) x a  3  4a   0
Case-I a – 3 > 0  a > 3 2
 4a 3 4 – 4a
 4  – 4a  4a – 12 a–3
a 3
3
8a  12  a 
2
No solution.
Case-II a – 3 < 0 2
– 4a 3 4
 4a a–3
 2  – 4a  2a – 6
a 3

6  6a  a  1
 greatest integral value of a is 1. Ans.

96. See graph y = f(x) = | x 2  4 x  3 | 2 , y = m is a horizontal line with intersection points, from which
the x-values have different signs, only if m > 2.

52
 FUNCTION

97.  A+ B + C = 
 sin(B + C) = sin( – A) = sin C
sin(C + A) = sin B and sin(A + B) = sin C
 f (x) = (sin B – sin A)x2 + (sin A – sin C)x + (sin C – sin B)
 Graph of y = f (x) touches the x-axis.
 f (x) = 0 will have real and equal roots.
 x = 1 is a root
 other root is also x = 1
 product of roots = 1
sin C  sin B
 =1
sin B  sin A
 2 sin B = sin A + sin C
 2b = a + c
 a, b, c are in A.P. Ans.

98. We have f (x) = 3[2x] – 2[3x] = 3(2x – {2x}) – 2(3x – {3x}) = 2{3x} – 3{2x}
Clearly f (x) is periodic with period 1.

99.  
Consider F (x) = cot cos 1 (| sin x |  | cos x |  sin 1  | cos x |  | sin x |
But | sin x | + | cos x|  [1, 2]
 
F (x) = cot(cos–1(1) + sin–1(–1)) = cot  0   = 0
 2
= g (3) (As F (x) = 0,  x  DF)

100. We have f (x) + 2 f (1 – x) = x2 + 1,  x  R .......(1)

Replacing x by 1 – x in (1), we get
f(1 – x) + 2f(x) = (1 – x)2 + 1 .......(2)
x 2  4x  3
Now, 2 × 2 – (1)  f(x) =
3
Clearly f (x ) is not defined when f(x) < 0
 x  (1, 3)

53
 FUNCTION

101. For domain

eg(x) = e – ex
g(x) = ln(e – ex)
 e – ex > 0
e > ex  x < 1
 domain is (– , 1)
For range
argument of ln varies from (0, e)
range (ln e, ln 0)
i.e. (– , 1) Ans.

102. y
2
Graph of f(x) = | x – 2 | ; shift the graph on x-axis by 2 units.
x
O 2
Graph of f f ( x ) = | x  2 | 2 2

x
O 2 4
Graph of f f f (x ) = | x  2 | 2  2 2

x
–2 O 2 4 6

Obviously, if the equation g(x) = k, k  (0, 2) has 8 distinct solutions, then n = 4. Ans.

103. f(x + y) = 2x f(y) + 4y f(x) .......(1)

Also, f(y + x) = 2y f(x) + 4x f(y) .......(2)
Now, 2x f(y) + 4y f(x) = 2y f(x) + 4x f(y)
f (x) f ( y)
 x x = =k
4 2 4  2y
y

 f(x) = k · (4x – 2x)

 f(1) = 2 = k · 2  k = 1
f(x) = 4x – 2x
f '(x) = 4x ln 4 – 2x ln 2
f ' (2) = 16 ln 4 – 4 ln 2 = 28 ln 2
 k = 28. Ans.

104. f(x) = 4x (1 – x), 0  x  1

x
O 1 1
2

54
 FUNCTION
y

y = f f f ( x )  , 0  x  1
x
1 1
O
2

105. Since range contains exactly 3 distinct values

f
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

 5! 1 5! 1 
1 ! 1! 3! 2 !  1 ! 2 ! 2! 2 !  3 ! = 1500. Ans.
 5C
3
 

106. f(x) = a sin x + c < 0  x  R

 a sin x < – c
–c
 sin x > x  R
a
–c c
 <–1  >1
a a
 c < a. Ans.

107. when p = /2 then Dr  cos x + sin x  /2 can not be the period

1 1 x
108. (A)  ; f (x)  x > 0 , x  1 for both
g( x ) lnx / x lnx
1 1 lnx
(B)  ; g( x ) 
f ( x ) x / lnx x
1
 is not defined at x =1 but g (1) = 0
f (x)
x lnx
(C) f (x) . g (x) = . =1 if x > 0 , x  1  N. I.
lnx x
1 1
(D) f ( x ) . g( x )  x lnx
1 only for x > 0 and x  1 ]
.
lnx x

55
 FUNCTION

109. f (x) = sin2x + (1 – sin2x)2 + 2

= 3 – sin2x + sin4x
= 3 – sin2x cos2x
sin 2 2x
=3–
4
 
 T1= , and T2 =
2 2

110. (A) f (x) = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 1  A polynomial of degree even will always be into
say f (x) = a0x2n + a1 x2n–1 + a2 x2n – 2 + .... + a2n
 a a a    if a 0  0
Limit f (x) = Limit [x2n  a 0  1  22  ....  22nn =
    if a  0
x   x    x x x  0
Hence it will never approach  / – 

(B) f (x) = x3 + x + 1
 f (x) = 3x2 + 1
 injective as well as surjective

(C) f (x) = 1 x 2 – neither injective nor surjective (minimum value = 1)

f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – x + 1
 f (x) = 3x2 + 4x – 1
 D>0
Hence f (x) is surjective but not injective.

111. (A) We have f : A  B,

g:BC
and gof : A  C
f g f g
A B C A B C
• • •
(A) • • • (B)
• • •
• •

F g f g
A B C A B C

(C) (D) ]

clearly gof is one-one but g is many one function

112. for into range  R

we know every odd degree polynomial is onto and hence a polynomial degree even
coefficient of x3 is zero if a = 2, – 2, 1 or – 1
if a = 2, f (x) is a quadratic polynomial
 into

56
 FUNCTION
if a = – 2, f (x) is constant which is into
if a = 1, f (x) is linear hence onto
if a = – 1, f (x) is constant hence into
hence a  {2, – 2, – 1}

1
113. Replace x by and by solving, we have
x
x (1  x )
f(x) =
( x  1)(1   2 )
 x and f(x) > 0
 < 0 and 1– 2 > 0
  (–1, 0) Ans

114.

If fog is one-one then g (x) must be one-one and f (x) can be one-one and can be many one

If g (x) is onto then f (x) must be one-one (in figure-2, g (x) is not onto) and
If g (x) is into then f (x) may be one-one; may be many-one

g (x) is into and f (x) is one-one and in figure-2 also g (x) is into but f (x) is Many-one.

   
 {x}  sin 2 x   {x}  sin 2 x 
 x  1 
2  x  1 
2
115. f(x) . g(x) = (sec x  tan x ) · (sec x  tan x )
 
 {x}  sin 2 x 
 x  1 
2
= (sec 2 x  tan 2 x )

–  3
2 2 2

57
 FUNCTION


=1 x R – {(2n + )
}, n  I
2
 h (x) is periodic with period . Ans.

 1
4 x  
4x ( x 2  1)  x
116. y= = 2
x 2  ( x 2  1) 2  1
1  x  
 x

1
Let x =t
x
for x > 0, t  2
4t 4
y= 2 =
1 t 1
t
t
1 5
for t  2, t + 
t 2
8
0<y & y = 0 for x = 0
5
 8
 Range of f(x) is 0,  Ans.
 5

Paragraph for question nos. 117 to 119

Sol.
117. Given f(x) = (x + 2a) (x + a – 4) = x2 + (3a – 4) x + 2a (a – 4).
–1 1
f (1)  0 
0
f (1)  0 

1
on solving, we get  a 3
2
118. g(x) = k (x2 + x) + 3 k + x > – 3  x.
 k (x2 + x) + 3 k + x + 3 > 0  x.
or k x2 + (k + 1) x + (3 k + 3) > 0  x.
k0 
n
D  0 
here D = (k + 1)2 – 4 k · 3 (k + 1) < 0
 (k + 1) (k + 1 – 12k) < 0
( k + 1) ( 11k –1) > 0

58
 FUNCTION

1
 k < –1 or k >
11
1
 k  k > 0)
11

119. Given, (1– sin ) x2 + 2 (1 – sin  )x – 3 sin  = 0 has both roots complex, then D < 0
4 (1 – sin)2 + 4 (1 – sin) 3 sin < 0
(1 – sin) (1 + 2 sin) < 0
(sin   1) (2 sin+1) > 0
 
(  ) ve number

 2 sin  + 1 < 0
1  7  11 
sin       , 
2  6 6 

120. f(x) = sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x – cos 4 x  4 sin 2 x

= sin 4 x  4  4 sin 2 x – cos 4 x  4  4 cos 2 x
= 2 – sin2x – (2 – cos2x)
= cos2x – sin2x = cos 2x
g(sin 2t) = sin t + cos t
gsin 2t 2 = 1 + sin 2t
 g (sin 2t) = 1 sin 2 t
 g(x) = 1 x – 1  x  1
Now, gf (x )  = g(cos 2x) = 1 cos 2x
= 2 cos x

 Range of gf (x )  is 0, 2  
 a2 + b2 = 2 Ans.

 1
121. y = cos x  sin x  sin 2 x  
 2

1
(y sec x – sin x)2 = sin2 x +
2
1
y2 (1 + tan2x) – 2y tan x =
2
1
y2 tan2x – 2y tan x + y2 – =0
2
tan x  R  D0

59
 FUNCTION

 2 1
4y2 – 4y2  y    0
 2

 2 1
1 – y   0
 2

3  3 3
y2 –  0   y   y
 
 0
2  2  2 

 3 3
y   2 , 2 
 
Hence number of integers are 3 i.e. {–1, 0, 1}.

122. 3–x0
 3 x
 x3
2– 3 x  0
 43–x
 x–1
and 1 2  3 x
 3 x  1
 3–x1

2x
 x2
hence x  [–1, 2]

123. We have, f(x) = {sin x} + {cos x}

So, Rf = [0, 2). Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 124 to 126

Sol.
124. Given, f(x) = 0  [x]2 – [x] – 6 = 0
  [x ]  3  [ x ]  2  = 0
 [x] = – 2 or 3.
So, x  [– 2, – 1)  [3, 4)  A.

60
 FUNCTION
125. Every solution of set A satisfies the inequality g(x)  0
3kx2 + 2x + 4 (1 – 3k)  0  x  A
Case-1: If k > 0 here, g(– 2) = 0 g(x)
g(x)
b 2 1 1 x
 2   2  2 k –2 –1 3 4
2a 2 · 3k 3k 6

 1
k   0,  g(x)
 6
x
Case-2: If k < 0 –2 –1 3 4
f(4)  0
1
48k + 8 + 4 (1 – 3k)  0  12 + 36k  0  k 
3
 1 
 k   , 0
3 
Case-3 : For k = 0, 2x + 4  0  x  – 2
 k = 0 is also the solution.
 1 1 
 k   ,  = [a, b]
 3 6
 6b – 3a = 1 – (– 1) = 2.

1
126. k= ,
3
g(x) = – x2 + 2x + 8 x
Range of g(x) is –2 –1 3 4 g(x)
when x  A
A  [– 2, – 1)  [3, 4)
[0, 5). Ans.

127. Let x = tan 

a tan   b  
f(q) = ,   , 
2
1  tan   2 2

a tan   b  
= ,   , 
sec   2 2
 
= a sin  + b cos ,   , 
 2 2

a 2  b 2 = 3  a + b = 9. Ans.
Maximum f() = 2 2

61
 FUNCTION
y
8
7
6
5
x  9 [4,  3) 4
 2x  12 [3,  2) 3
 2
128. gof(x) = 8 [2, 2)
1
12  2x [2, 3) x
9  x [3, 4] –4 –3 –2 –1 O1 2 3 4
graph of gof(x)
y
1

 x  9 [10,  8)
x
fog(x) = 1 [8,  4) –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O1
  3  x [4,  2]

–1

graph of fog(x)

  1
 2x  4  0, 
  2
 20 1 
  2 , 1

 
129. g(f(x)) =  24 1, 3 

 4 5 
 28  3 , 3 

 5 
32  3 , 2 


130. Domain of f(x) is (–3, 4] and range of f(x) is [0, 3]

Domain of g(x) is (3, ) and range of g(x) is (13, )
Now, gof(x) = g(f(x))
Range of f(x)  is not an element of domain of g(x)
Hence, gof(x) is not defined.
Simililarly fog(x) = f [g(x)]
Range of g(x)  is not an element of domain of f(x)
Hence, fog(x) is not defined. Ans.

x3 p 2
131.  f(x) =  x + qx + 10
3 2
 f '(x) = x2 + px + q

62
 FUNCTION
for f(x) to be one one
f '(x)  0,  x  R
 p2 – 4q  0
p q
1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3 3, 4, 5
4 4, 5
 number of ordered pairs, n = 15
 number of divisors of n = 4. Ans.

132. Range : (0, 1)

133. 3 – 32 + 5 = 4
3 + 32 + 5 = –5 6
5
()3 – 3 (–)2 + 5 (–) = 5
– =  3
3 – 32 + 5 = 5 1  2
f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 5x
f '(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 5
| + | = | – |
 [| + |] = 0

134. We have  sin x   1, 0,1

So, we have the following cases
Case – I :- when  sin x   1 , In this case, we have x2 – 2 = – 1
 x=±1
 x  1 is the solution in this case
Case – II :- when  sin x   0 , In this case, we have x 2  2  0  x   2

 
But, sin 2   0 and sin  2   1 ,

 x  2 is the solution in this case

Case–III :- when  sin x   1 , In this case, we have x 2  2  1  x   3

 
But, sin 3   0 and sin  3   1 , Therefore, there is no solution in this case.

Hence, the given equation has two solutions only, namely, x  1 and x  2 .

1 1 1 1
135. Let x= 6 6 6 ..........
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

1
x= 6  x  12x2 + x – 6 = 0
2 3

63
 FUNCTION

 1  1  288  1 17 16
x= = =
24 24 24
2
x= .
3
 2  1
 f  3.65  log 9 4  = 1  f  3.65   = 1  f(3.15) = 1
 3  2
f(3.15) = f(3.15 – 2) = f(1.15) = f(1.15 – 2) = f(– 0.85)
But f is odd function.
 f(3.15) = – f(0.85)
 f(0.85) = – f(3.15) = – 1.

136. m = 5C4 · 4 ! = 5! = Total

When exactly 2 elements of A maps to itself i.e. f (3) = 3 , f (4) = 4 f
A B
 from 5, 6, 7 select any 2 in 3C2 × 2 ! = 6 1
1 2
When exactly one element of A maps to itself say f (3) = 3 2 3
Now 4 can be map in 3 ways and remaining elements 3 × 2 = 6 3 4
 2C × 3 × 6 = 36 4 6
1
Total = 36 + 6 = 42 7
 5! – 42 = 78 = m
n = C1 · 2C1 · 2C1 · 2C1 = 16. Ans.
2

137. For x-intercept y = 0

 | x  2 | a = 3
 | x – 2 | – a = 3 or – 3
 | x – 2 | = a + 3 or a – 3
For 3 x-intercepts
a + 3 > 0 and a – 3 = 0 ......(1)
or
a + 3 = 0 and a – 3 > 0 ......(2)
From (1) a = 3 and (2) is rejected.
Hence, sum = 3. Ans.

138.
(i) Given, f (x) = x14  x11  x 6  x 3  x 2  1 ....(1)
for f (x) to be defined,
x14 – x11 + x6 – x3 + x2 + 1  0 ....(2)
Case-I: If x  1,
x14 – x11 + x6 – x3 + x2 + 1
= (x14 – x11) + (x6 – x3) + (x2 + 1) > 0
Case-II: If 0  x  1,
x14 – x11 + x6 – x3 + x2 + 1
= x14 + [(x6 – x11) + (x2 – x3)] + 1 > 0 [ x6 – x11  0, x2 – x3  0]
Case-III: If x < 0

64
 FUNCTION

x14 – x11 + x6 – x3 + x2 + 1 > 0 [ x11 < 0, x3 < 0, x14, x6, x2 > 0]

Thus for all real x
x14 – x11 + x6 – x3 + x2 + 1 > 0
hence f (x) is defined for all real x.
 domain f = (– , ) Ans.

(ii) 3–x0
 3 x
 x3
2– 3 x  0  43–x
 x–1
and 1 2  3 x  3 x  1
 3–x1
2x  x2
hence x  [–1, 2] Ans.

139. First find domain

–x2 + 4x – 3  0
i.e. x2 – 4x + 3  0
i.e. (x – 3 (x – 1)  0
Now 1  x  3 1 3
0x–12

0  (x – 1) 
2

So sin (x – 1) is always positive and varies from 0 to 1.
2
   
Now sin  ( x  1)  varies from 0 to
2 2  2
so its sin is also positive so the domain is x  [1, 3].
Now y = –x2 + 4x – 3 = – [x2 – 4x + 3\ = – [(x – 2)2 – 1] = 1 – (x – 2)2
y
Now its range is [0, 1] also max at x = 2 and min. at x = 3.
   1
also sin   sin (x  1)   will be maximum at x = 2 and
2 2  1 2 3 x
its value is 1 and minimum at x = 3 and its value is 0.
Now both are maximum at x = 2 and
both are minimum at x = 3.
so ymax = 2 and ymin = 0
so range  [0, 2]

65
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function
Questions
1(mcq) Let x1, x2, x3, x4 be four non zero numbers satisfying the equation
a b c d 
tan–1
+ tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
x x x x 2
then which of the following relation(s) hold good?
4
(A)  xi = a + b + c + d
i 1

4
1
(B) x =0
i 1 i

4
(C)  xi = abcd
i 1
(D) (x1 + x2 + x3) (x2 + x3 + x4) (x3 + x4 + x1) (x4 + x1 + x2) = abcd
1
2(mcq) Let function f (x) be defined as f (x) = | sin–1x | + cos–1   . Then which of the following is/are
x
TRUE?
(A) f (x) is injective in its domain.
(B) f (x) is many-one in its domain.
(C) Range of f is a singleton set.
(D) sgn f ( x )  = 1 where sgn x denotes signum function of x.

3(mcq) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) The graph of the function f (x) = sgn  x 3  x 6  1  is symmetric with respect to origin,
 
where sgn x denotes signum function of x.
 1    
(B) The range of the function f(x) = cos 1  x  is  ,  .
 e  e x   3 2 
(C) The domain of the definition of function f (x) = 1  x  x  2 is [1, 2].
(D) The value of 2 cos–1(cos 7) – sin–1(sin 11) is equal to 3.

4. Column I Column II
(A) Let f : R  R and fn(x) = f f n 1 ( x )   n  2, n  N, (P) 1
the roots of equation f3(x) f2(x) f (x) – 25 f2(x) f (x) + 175 f (x) = 375.
Which also satisfy equation f (x) = x will be
(B) Let f : [5, 10] onto [4, 17], the integers in the range of (Q) 5
y = f f f ( x )  is/are
(C) Let f (x) = 8 cot–1(cot x) + 5sin–1(sin x) + 4 tan–1(tan x) – sin(sin–1x) (R) 10
then possible integral values which f (x) can take

66
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(D) Let 'a' denote the roots of equation (S) 15

 1 x 2 
cos(cos–1x) + sin–1 sin   = 2 sec–1(sec x)

 2 
then possible values of [ | 10a | ]
where [ · ] denotes the greatest integer function will be

2  2 
5. Find the sum of all possible values of x satisfying arc cos  arc cos x  = arc sin  arc sin x  .
   

  
 cos 1  1  x , x0
6. Let f(x) =   2 
2 (1  x ) 
 1 
 tan x , x0
If the range of values of k for which the equation f(x) = k has exactly two solutions is [a, b) then
1 1
find the value of    .
a b

7. Let g(x) = ax + b, where a < 0 and g is defined from [1,3] onto [0,2] then the value of
 
cot cos1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 ( | cos x |  | sin x |) is equal to
(A) g(1) (B) g (2) (C) g(3) (D) g(1) + g(3)
5 2
8. If (sin–1a)2+ (cos–1b)2
+ (sec–1c)2
+ (cosec–1d)2
= ,
2
then the value of (sin–1a)2 – (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 – (cosec–1d)2 is equal to
2 2
(A) – 2 (B)  (C) 0 (D)
2 2

9. Find the range of the following function

(sec–1x)2 + (cosec–1x)2
1
10. Domain of f(x) =
ln cot 1 x
14 2 15 
11. If x1 and x2 are two real values of x satisfying the equation, sin 1  sin 1  , then
|x| |x| 2

find the value of x12  x 22 . 
2 2
x x x 2 2
12. If range of the function f(x) =  cos 1    sin 1   sin 1   
x  6x  8 is [a2, 
 2  2  2  12
b2], then find the value of 2(a + b).

67
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

13(mcq) Which of the following is/are correct?

 6 6  12  12
(A) sin 1 sin   =  (B) cos 1  cos   = 2
     
 30  30  36  36
(C)  tan 1  tan   = 3 (D)  cot 1  cot   = 4
     
3 16 1 7
14. 2 cos1 + cot1 + cos1 is equal to
13 63 2 25

(A)  (B) 2 (C) (D) none
2
15. 2
Solve the inequality (arc sec x) – 6(arc sec x) + 8 > 0

16. Column - I Column - II

Equation Relation between x and y

(A) sin–1x + sin–1 y = (P) x2 + y2 = 1
2

(B) tan–1x + tan–1y = (Q) xy = 1
2

(C) cos–1 x + cos–1 y = (R) x2 + y2 = x2y2
2

(D) sec–1 x + sec–1y = (S) x2 – y2 = 1
2
(T) x2 – y2 = x2y2
17. Let f : R  [–1, 1] and g : R  B, where R be the set of all real numbers and
 f (x)  
g (x) = sin–1  4  f 2 ( x )  + . If y = f(x) and y = g(x) are both surjective, then set B is given
 2  3
by
    2   
(A)   ,  (B) 0,  (C) 0,  (D) [0, ]
 3 3  3  3


 4n  
18(mcq) If  tan 1
 4
1
   tan  B , A  0, B  0 , then
n 1  n 5 A
A A
(A) AB = 1 (B) AB = 2 (C) =4 (D) =8
B B
 1  1
19(mcq) If f(x) = sin 1  x 2    cos1  x 2   where [ ·] denotes the greatest integer function, then
 2  2
which of the following is/are true?

68
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 3 3
(A) y = f(x) represents a line segment (B) domain of f(x) is   , 

 2 2 

  3   3
(C) y = if x  , 0  (D) y =  if x   0, 
2  2 2 
   
20. 2
If x = , y =  is a solution of the equation 12sin x + 5cos x = 2y – 8y + 21, then the value of
(2 + 1) tan  is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 15

 1   1   2 
21. The number of solutions of the equation tan1  2x 1  + tan1   = tan1  2  is
   4 x 1  x 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

22. If f(x) = cosec–1(cosecx) and cosec(cosec–1x) are equal functions then maximum range of values of x
is
         
(A)   ,1  1,  (B)   ,0  0 , 
 2   2  2   2
(C)   ,  1 1,   (D)  1, 0   0 ,1

23. Let cos–1(x) + cos–1(2x) + cos–1(3x) = . If x satisfies the cubic ax3 + bx2 + cx – 1 = 0, then
(a + b + c) has the value equal to
(A) 24 (B) 25 (C) 26 (D) 27

  x  
24. Number of integral solutions of the equation sgn  sin 1    = 1,
  6 
where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x and sgn x denotes signum function of x.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7
 1 
25. Range of the function f(x) = cos 1  x x 
is
e e 
        2 
(A) (0, ) (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
6 2  3 2  2 3 
1  1  k
26. The true set of values of k for which sin  2  = 6 may have a solution, is
 1  sin x 
  1 1
(A)  ,  (B) [1, 3] (C)  , (D) [2, 4]
4 2 6 2 

3
27. The value of x satisfying the equation (sin–1x)3 – (cos–1x)3 + (sin–1x) (cos–1x) (sin–1x – cos–1x) = ,
16
is

69
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

   
(A) cos (B) cos (C) cos (D) cos
5 4 8 12

   x2  k 
28. Let g : R   0,  is defined by g(x) = cos–1  
 1 x 2  .
 3  
Then the possible values of 'k' for which g is surjective function, is
1   1  1  1 
(A)   (B)   1,   (C)   (D)  , 1
2  2  2  2 
1 1 1 1 
29. For n  N, if tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  then n is equal to
3 4 5 n 4
(A) 43 (B) 47 (C) 49 (D) 51

30. The domain of definition of function f(x) = cos1 x  2 sin 1 x is equal to

 1 1  1   1  3
(A)  ,  (B)  ,1 (C)   1,  (D)   1, 
 2 2 2   2  2 

2 4
31. If f(x) = tan–1x – (tan–1x)2 + 2 (tan–1x)3 – ....................,
 
then the sum of integral values of a for which the equation f 2(x) + (sin–1x)2 = a, possess solution,
is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 10

32. If 0 < x < 1, then the solution of equation

2 
 2x  1  2 x  1 
 1  x    , is
3 sin 1    2 tan    4 cos 1 x2 
1 x2  1 x2    4

(A) 2 1 (B) 2  3 (C) 2  2 (D) 3 2

x2  4
33. Number of integral values in the domain of function f(x) = sin–1 , is
3x
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
34. Let f(x) = sin–1 x – x and g(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 + cos–1 x. If f ( x )  g (x )  f ( x )  g ( x ) ,
then the true set of real values of x, is
(A) x x  R, 1  x  1 (B) x x  R, 1  x  0

 1 1
(C) x x  R, 0  x  1 (D) x x  R,  x  
 2 2

 2  2  2
35. Let Sn = cot–1  3x   + cot–1  6 x   + cot–1 10 x   + ............. + n terms,
 x  x  x

70
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

where x > 0. If Lim Sn = 1, then x equals

n 


(A) (B) 1 (C) tan 1 (D) cot 1
4
1 1
36(mcq) If A = tan–1   and B = tan–1   , then
7 3
24 4 3
(A) cos 2A = (B) cos 2B = (C) cos 2A = sin 4B (D) tan 2B =
25 5 4

37. If sin–1(1 – x) + cos–1(m x) = has some solution for x. Then the range of m, is
2
1 1
(A) (– , – 1) (B) (– 1, ) , ) (C) ( (D) [  , )
2 2
Paragraph for question nos. 38 & 39
1
Consider a real-valued function f(x) = sin x  2  1  sin 1 x
38. The domain of definition of f(x) is
(A) [–1, 1] (B) [sin 1, 1] (C) [–1, sin 1] (D) [–1, 0]

39. The range of f(x) is


(A) 0, 3  
(B) 1, 3  (C) 1, 6  (D)  3, 6 
     8  
40. cos cos 1 cos   tan 1 tan   has the value equal to
  7  7 


(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) cos (D) 0
7

41.
1 1
Let two functions are f(x) = sin 1 x  cos 1 x and g(x) = cos x  | sin x | .
Column-I Column-II
 1 
(A) Set of values of x for which f(x) is defined is (P)   1, 2 
 
  
(B) Set of values of x for which g(x) is defined is (Q) 0, 2 
 

  
(C) The images of mapping y = f(x) lies in the interval (R) 0, 2 
 
 1 
(D) The images of mapping y = g(x) lies in the interval (S)  2 , 1
 
(T) [–1, 1]

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 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 1 x2 
42. The range of the function f(x) =  
cos1 log 4 x 
2
 sin 1 
4 x


 

       
(A)  0, 2  2  (B)  2 , 2  2  (C)  ,  (D) None
    6 2
43. MULTIPLE CORRECT ( 43 a , b , c)
(a) If the equation sin 1 x  cos 1 x 2  1  tan 1 (tan y )  a has at least one solution then the possible
integral value which 'a' can take is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1 1
(b) If the equation sin | sin x |  tan | tan x |  2 a has atleast one solution then the possible
integral value which 'a' can take is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1 1
(c) If the equation sin | cos x |  cos | sin x | a has atleast one solution then the number of possible
integral values of a is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
n  (2n  1) 
44. Let S n   sin 1  n(n  1)   . Find the value of 100 cos (S99).
n 1  n (n  2  (n  1)(n  1)  


 1 2 x 
45. Let f(x) = x2 – 2ax + a – 2 and g(x) =  2  sin . If the set of real values of 'a' for which
 1  x 2 
f g (x )   0  x  R is (k1, k2) then find the value of (10k1 + 3k2).
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]

46. The number of value(s) of a  R for which the equation 5 tan–1(x2 + x + a) + 3cot–1(x2 + x + a) = 2,
has unique solution is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (D) 2 (D) more than two

  1  cos 2   | x | x0
47. If f(x) = tan 1  2
  x  and g(x) = 1 x  0 then number of solution(s) of the
  1  cos 2   
equation f(x) = g(x) is(are)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

48(mcq) Which of the following is(are) correct?

(A) Domain of f(x) = sin–1 (cos–1x + tan–1x + cot–1x) is null set.
(B) Domain of f(x) = cos–1 (tan–1x + cot–1 x + sin–1x) is [– 1, – cos 1].
(C) Domain of f(x) = sin–1 (cos–1x) is [cos 1, 1]
(D) Domain of f(x) = cos–1 (sin–1 x) is [– sin 1, sin 1],

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 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

13 a 3
49. If sin (30° + arc tan x) = and 0 < x < 1, the value of x is , where a and b are positive
14 b
a b
integers with no common factors. Find the value of  .
 2 

50. The value of a  R for which the equation x2 + 2ax + 8 cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) = 8 sin–1 (4x – 5 – x2)
has atleast one solution is
(A)  + 1 (B) – (1 + ) (C) 2 –  (D)  – 2

51. Column-I Column-II

 2 
(A) f (x) = sin–1   (P) f (x) is many one
 | sin x  1 |  | sin x  1 | 
(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is
R
  
(C) f (x) = sin–1  1 1

 (R) Range contain only
 | sin x  ( 2) |  | sin x  ( 2) |  irrational number
(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1|x| (S) f (x) is even.

5
52. Let f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x) and  f (r)  a  b , where a, b  N. Find the value of
r 1
(a + b).

53. Let f : D1  R1 defined by f(x) = sin–1(x – 2) + cos–1(4 – x)

1
and g : D2  R2 defind by g(x) = sin 4  x 2  cos 1 x  1 .
If p and q are number of integers in the domain of f and g respectively, then (p + q) is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
 
54. Let f : R   ,0 be a function defined by f (x) = tan–1 (2x – x2 + ). If f is onto, then the number
 2 
of integers in the range of , is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

55(mcq) Let a function f : A  B be defined as f (x) = sin–1(tan x) – cosec–1(cot x).

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE for the function f (x)?
(A) f (x) is periodic with fundamental period .
(B) The function f (x) is non-invertible.

73
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(C) The composite function f f ( x )  is not defined.

(D) The function f (x) is an even function.

56(mcq) Let f(x) = sin–1 |sin x| + cos–1(cos x). Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE ?
(A) f f (3)  =  (B) f (x) is periodic with fundamental period 2.
(C) f (x) is neither even nor odd. (D) Range of f (x) is [0, 2]

57. For x, y, z, t  R, if sin–1 x + cos–1y + sec–1z  t2 – 2 t + 3, then find the value of
  2 
sec  tan 1 x  tan1 y  tan 1 z  tan1 t   .
  
  

58(mcq) If f(x) = sin–1 x · cos–1 x · tan–1 x · cot–1 x · sec–1 x · cosec–1 x, then which of the following
statement(s) hold(s) good ?
(A) The graph of y = f(x) does not lie above x axis.
3 6
(B) The non-negative difference between maximum and minimum value of the function y = f(x) is .
64
(C) The function y = f(x) is not injective.
(D) Number of non-negative integers in the domain of f(x) is two.

59. Let f(x) = cos–1x + sin–1x and g(x) = cot–1x + tan–1x. Then which one of the following alternative is
true?
(A) Both f and g are periodic. (B) Both f and g are aperiodic.
(C) f is periodic but g is periodic. (D) g is periodic but f is aperiodic.

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), | x |  2
60. Let, f(x) =   3x 2  | x | 3 
 , |x|  2
  x2 1 
  
Number of integers in the range of f(x) is
Where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) more than 7

61. If x2 + ax + b = 0 has two distinct negative integral roots

2
  2 1    tan 1 x 
and  log1/ 2  cot x  1   a log1/ 2 1   = a – b has no real solution.
     

Then find the minimum value of a.

2 
62. Let f ( x )   x  x 2 , g ( x )  sin 1 x and h ( x )  cos 1 x be three real valued function.
2 2

74
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

If range of f(x) is [a, b], provided f gx  and f h x  both exist then find the value of
16(a2 + b2).

63. If a0, a1, a2, ............, an are poitive real number satisfying ai · an – i = 1 for all i = 0, 1, 2, ......, n and k
n
2
is any real number such that S n   1  a k . If [sin–1 Sn] = 1.
i0 i

If 2cos 2 sin y  
1 4 2
64. x 1
 2 sin 1 y  2  1 , then the value of (x – y) can be
 
(A) 1 – (B) 1 + (C) 1 – sin 1 (D) 2 – sin 1
2 2

Paragraph for question nos. 65 to 66

Consider a function f such that f(x, y) = x3 + y3 + 3xy  x, y  R.
65. If f(3 sin–1 x, 2 cos–1 x) = 1 then the value of x given by
(A) – sin 1 (B) – cos 2 (C) cos 2 (D) none
 2   2 
66.  
If h ( x )  f  sin 1 x 3 , 0   f
 
 
 cos1 x 3 , 0  then the range of h(x) is given as
 
   

  2 5 2    2 5 2   2 2    2 3 2 
(A)  8 , 4  (B)  4 , 4  (C)  16 , 4  (D)  4 , 4 
       
67. –1 –1 –1 –1
If a sin x – b cos x = c, then the value of a sin x + b cos x (whenever exists) is equal to
ab  c( b  a )  ab  c(a  b)
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
ab 2 ab
4 4 4 4
68. The value of tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 +........  equals
7 19 39 67
1 1
(A) tan 1 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 (B) tan–11 + cot 1 3
2 3
1 1
(C) cot1 1 + cot1 + cot1 (D) cot–11 + tan1 3
2 3

 x2 x 2  cos 1  x   cos 1 x
69. The solution set of equation cos1  1  x 2 1  =   is
 2 4   2
 
(A) [–1, 1] (B) [–1, 0] (C) [0, 1] (D) (–1, 1)

70. If '' is the only real root of the equation x3 + bx2 + cx + 1 = 0 (b < c), then the value of
tan–1  + tan–1 (–1) is equal to
 
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) can't be determined
2 2

75
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

71. If the roots of the equation x3 – 10x + 11 = 0 are ,  and  then the value of
tan(tan– 1 + tan– 1 + tan– 1) equals
9  11 11
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
11 9 9

72. tan–12 + tan–15 + tan–18 has the value equal to

1 1
(A) cot–11 + 2 cot–1   + 3 cot–1   (B) tan–1(1) + tan–1(2) + tan–1(3)
 2 3
(C) 2 tan–1(1) + tan–1(2) + tan–1(3) (D) cot–1(1) + 2 cot–1(2) + 3 cot –1(3)
b
73. Let f (x) = (arc tan x)3 + (arc cot x)3. If the range of f (x) is [a, b) then find the value of .
a
x  y
74. If cos–1   + cos–1   = , (where x, y > 0) then find the maximum value of
 2 3
9x2 – 12xy cos  + 4y2.
 x 1  
75. Number of positive integers x satisfying the equation tan  tan 1  tan 1  = tan , is
 10 x 1 4
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

76. The number of integral values of k for which the equation sin–1x + tan–1x = k has a solution, is
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 13

77. Let f(x) = sin–1 (sin x), g(x) = cos–1(cos x), then which one of the following incorrect?
    3 
(A) f(x) = g(x)  x   0,  (B) f(x) < g(x)  x   , 
 4 2 4 
 5   3 
(C) f(x) < g(x)  x   ,  (D) f(x) > g(x)  x   , 2 
 4   2 
  
78. Number of solutions of the equation sin 1 (sin x )  cos x , for x   , is equal to
 2 2 
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

 1 
79. The value of  tan 1 r 2  5r  7  , is
r 2

  3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 4

80. Match the entries of Column-I with one or more than one entries of column-II. Note that [x], {x} and
sgn x denote largest integer less than or equal to x, fractional part of x and signum function of x
respectively.

76
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

Column I Column II
(A) Let f : [–1, 1]  R be defined by f(x) = 5
x + sin–1x (P) Odd
then f(x) is
(B) Let f : R  {–1, 0,1} be defined by (Q) Even
 1 | x | 
f(x) = sgn   then f(x) is
 1 | x | 
(C) Let f : [– 4, 2]  [0, 3] be defined by f(x) = 8  2x  x 2 (R) Onto
then f(x) is
(D) Let f: (– , 0]  [0, ) be defined by (S) One-One
2[ x ] |x|
f(x) = {x}  2 then f(x) is (T) Many-One
2

81. Column I Column II

(A)  
2 cot cot 1 (3)  cot 1 ( 7)  cot 1 (13)  cot 1 ( 21) has the value equal to (P) 3

 1 1 1  1  

(B) If tan tan 1   tan 1    tan 1    .......  tan 1    m. (Q) 4
  3 7  13   381   n
 
where m, n  N, then the least value of (m + n) is divisible by
(C) Number of integral ordered pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation (R) 5
1 1 1
arc tan  arc tan  arc tan , is (S) 8
x y 10
(D) The smallest positive integral value of n for which (T) 10
(n – 2) x2 + 8x + n + 4 > sin–1 (sin 12) + cos–1 (cos 12)  x  R, is

82. Let  and  be the roots of the equation

 
3x2 –  2a  4 sin 1 [a ]  [a ]  x  3  a  0 , a  R+ (the set of all positive real numbers).
 
Find the sum of all values of a for which ,  R (the set of all real numbers).
[Note : [k] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k.]

83. If 0 < cos–1 x < 1 and 1 + sin (cos–1 x) + sin2(cos–1 x) + sin3 (cos–1 x) + ......  = 2, then x equals
1 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 3

  
84. Number of solutions of the equation sin 1 (sin x )  cos x , for x   , is equal to
 2 2 
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
n 6
 
85. If Sn =  r! then for n > 6  given
  r!  873 
r 1  r 1 

77
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function
Column-I Column-II
   Sn   
(A) sin–1  sin  Sn  7  7    (P) 5 – 2
   
   Sn   
(B) cos–1  cos S n  7  7    (Q) 2 – 5
    
   Sn   
(C) –1 
tan   n tan  S  7  7    (R) 6 – 2
    
   Sn   
(D) cot–1  cot Sn  7  7    (S) 5–
    
(T) – 4
(where [ ] denotes greatest integer function)
 9 15 
86. If the area enclosed by the curves f (x) = cos–1(cos x) and g(x) = sin–1(cos x) in x   ,  is
4 4 

a 2
(where a and b are coprime), then find (a + b).
b
 3 sin 2   tan   
87. Prove that: tan1   + tan1   = (where  <  < )
 5  3 cos 2   4  2
88. The complete solution set of the equation
1 x 1 x
sin 1
2

 2  x  cot 1 tan 2  x  sin 1 
2
, is


 2    2 
(A) [–1, 1] (B)  2  , 1 (C)   1, 2  (D) [0, 1]
 4   4 

1 x 1
89. Let f(x) = (sin–1 x + cos–1x + tan–1x) + 2 . If the absolute maximum value of f(x) is M.
 x  2x  10
find 52 M.

90. If the equation x3 + bx2 + cx + 1 = 0, (b < c), has only one root . Then the value of
2 tan–1(cosec ) + tan–1 (2sin  sec2 ), is
 
(A) – (B)  (C) (D) 
2 2
10 10
91.  m
If the sum   tan 1 n   k , find the value of k.
n 1 m 1

 
92. Let m be the number of solutions of sin2x + cos 2x + cos x + 1 = 0 in x   0,  and
 2
 1  7  1  7  
n = sin  tan  tan   cos  cos   , then find the value of (m + n).
  6   3 

93. The value of a  R for which the equation x2 + 2ax + 8 cos–1(x2 – 4x + 5) = 8 sin–1(4x – 5 – x2)

78
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

has atleast one solution is

(A)  + 1 (B) – (1 + ) (C) 2 –  (D)  – 2

94. Let m be the number of elements in the domain of f(x) and n be the number of elements in the range
     
of f(x) where f(x) = sin–1 sec 3 tan 1 x  cos 1 cosec 3 cot 1 x , then the value of (m + n) is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

1  2 x  1  1  x 2   2x 
95(mcq) Consider a function f(x) = sin  2 
 cos 
 2
 tan 1  2
 a tan 1 x .
1 x  1 x  1 x 
Where a is any real constant. Find the value of 'a' if f(x) = 0 for all x.
(A) 6 (B) – 6 (C) 2 (D) – 2

1
96. Let f(x) = ecos(sin x ) and g(x) be inverse function of f(x). The area of the triangle formed by joining
the points (1, g(1)), (e, g(e) and (0, 0) is
e2  1 e e 1 e2  1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2e 2 2 2
  
97.  
If    , 0  , then the value of sec tan 1 (cot )  cot 1 (tan ) equals
 2 
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) – 1 (D) 1

 
98. Let f : (– , – 1]   ,  be defined as f(x) = sec–1(– x2 + x + a). If f(x) is surjective, then the
2 
range of a is
 5   5
(A) {1} (B)   (C)   , (D) (– , 1]
 4   4 

n
    sec 1 | x | 1  cos ec 1 | x | 1 
99. If the sum of the series   
 is finite, where x  R
n 1   a 
and a > 0 then a lies in the interval
 1 1  1 
(A) (1, ) (B)  0,  (C)  ,   (D)  ,  
 2 2  2 
100. If k times the sum of first n natural numbers is equal to the sum of squares of first n natural numbers,
 9k 2  4n 2 
then sin–1  
 6k  4n  is equal to
 
  
(A)  (B) (C) (D)
2 3 6

79
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

x y
101. If   1 is the equation of tangent drawn from a point P ( ) on the curve
a b
 
 
y = sin– 1 1  x  2 + cos– 1  2  x   to the curve y = – x + 2 cos (x – 2) +  where  is a prime
 
number and [y] denotes largest integer less than or equal to y,then find the value of |a + b–– 2 |.

Paragraph for question nos. 102 to 104

If  is the minimum value of the expression

 
4x 2  4x  17 1002 ·1003 ·1004 ·1006 ·1007 ·1008 
y= and  =  
7  4 x  4x 2 
1
10056 
 6 
where [y] denotes largest integer less than or equal to y.

102.  +  is equal to
(A) 8 (B) 7 (C) 5 (D) 2

103. If k  [, ] then least integral value of k for which f(x) = tan–1 sink cos x  has its range

  
 4 , 4  is
 
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4

If g( x )  log19  x  eln tan cot 5 4 x x 2  

1
104. and x  [, ] then range of g(x) is
 
9

   
(A) ( – , ) (B) [1, ) (C) [– 1, ) (D) log 19  2  ,  
2 
 9  
Paragraph for question nos.105 to 107
 3x 4  6x 2  1 
 
Let f (x) = sin –1   and g(x) is defined as g(x) =
 x 1
2
 3
 

f ( x )  3 cosec 1 x 2  1

 x 1
1 2
f ( x )  3 sec x  1  x 1

 1 
105.
3 5

The value of g tan 22   g cot 15  g sin 18 is equal to
2
  


80
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

7 9
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) (D)
2 2
1
106. If h(x) = (3 sin x  4 cos x ) then domain and range of g(h(x)) are respectively,,
5
 3    3 
(A) [–1, 1] ; [, 3] (B) R ;  (C) R ;   (D) [–1, 1] ;  , 
2 2 2 
 1 1  
107. Number of solutions of the equation g(x) = tan cot    is –
  4x  
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
2
108. If cos 1 x 3  x  1  cos 1 x  x 3  cos 1 1 | y |  then | y | is equal to
3
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 8
1  4 x   4 
109. If f(x) = sin   then the value of f
 4  x2 
 
7  2 f  is
 7 2
 3
(A) 0 (B) (C)  (D)
2 4

110. 
The maximum value of the function f (x) = sin 1 (sin x )  2
– sin–1(sin x), is
   
(A) (   2) (B) (   2) (C) (   2) (D) (   2)
4 4 2 2
 x 2 ( 2 x 2  1)  1   1
111. If f(x) = sin–1   = a  b cos x , 0  x 1
, then find the absolute of
 2  1
 1 x   p  q sin x,  1  x  0
(a+b+p+q).

1 1 2 3 
112. If tan  tan 1  tan 1  , then the value of tan( – 2 tan–1 x) , is
2 3x 4 2
24 7 25 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 24 7 25
 
113. In the interval 0,  , the equation cos2x – cos x – x = 0 has
 2
(A) no solution (B) exactly one solution
(C) exactly two solution (D) more than two solutions
6
114(mcq)The value of x satisfying the equation sin3 x + sin2 x cos x + sin x cos2 x + cos3x = can be
2

81
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 3 1
(A) tan–1 2  3  (B) tan–1  2 1 (C) tan–1  2 1  (D) sin–1  
 2 2 
 

115. The number of real solution of the equation cos–1x + 2cos–12x + 3cos–13x = 6 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many
 x  b
116. If range of the function f(x) = cot–1   is (a, b] then find the value of .
 x2 1
  a

 1 
117(mcq) Let f(x) = tan–1(1 + x + x2 + .......... ), g(x) = cot–1  2 3  then find the correct
 1  x  x  x  .... 
statement  x  (0, 1)
   
(A) Range of f(x)   ,  (B) Range of f(x)   0, 
4 2  4
 1    
(C) Range of g(x)   cot 2,  (D) Range of g(x)   ,  
 4 4 

118. Find the value of x satisfying the equation,

1
log10 5 cot 1 x  1 + log10(2 cot–1 x + 3) + log10 5 = 1.
2

119. The exhaustive set of values of 'a' for which the function f(x) = tan–1 (x2 –18x + a) > 0  x  R is
(A) (81, ) (B) [81, ) (C) (–, 81] (D) (–, 81)

120. The range of f (x) = cot–1(–x) – tan–1 x + sec–1 x is

  3      3 
(A)   ,  (B)  ,     , 
 2 2 2   2 
   3      3 
(C)  ,  (D)  ,     , 
 2 2  2   2 

121. The value of sin–1(cos2) – cos–1(sin2) + tan–1(cot4) – cot–1(tan4) + sec–1(cosec6) –cosec–1(sec6) is

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 8 – 3 (D) 5 – 16
n  (2n  1) 
122. Let S n   sin 1  n(n  1)   . Find the value of 100 cos (S99).
n 1  n (n  2  (n  1)(n  1)  


 1 2 x 
123. Let f(x) = x2 – 2ax + a – 2 and g(x) =  2  sin . If the set of real values of 'a' for which
 1  x 2 
f g (x )   0  x  R is (k1, k2) then find the value of (10k1 + 3k2).
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]

82
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

124. The number of value(s) of a  R for which the equation 5 tan–1(x2 + x + a) + 3cot–1(x2 + x + a) = 2,
has unique solution is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (D) 2 (D) more than two
  1  cos 2   | x | x0
125. If f(x) = tan 1  2
  x  and g(x) = 1 x  0 then number of solution(s) of the
  1  cos 2   
equation f(x) = g(x) is(are)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

126(mcq)Which of the following is(are) correct?

(A) Domain of f(x) = sin–1 (cos–1x + tan–1x + cot–1x) is null set.
(B) Domain of f(x) = cos–1 (tan–1x + cot–1 x + sin–1x) is [– 1, – cos 1].
(C) Domain of f(x) = sin–1 (cos–1x) is [cos 1, 1]
(D) Domain of f(x) = cos–1 (sin–1 x) is [– sin 1, sin 1],
13 a 3
127. If sin (30° + arc tan x) = and 0 < x < 1, the value of x is , where a and b are positive
14 b
a b
integers with no common factors. Find the value of  .
 2 

128. The value of a  R for which the equation x2 + 2ax + 8 cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) = 8 sin–1 (4x – 5 – x2)
has atleast one solution is
(A)  + 1 (B) – (1 + ) (C) 2 –  (D)  – 2

129. Column-I Column-II

 2 
(A) f (x) = sin–1   (P) f (x) is many one
 | sin x  1 |  | sin x  1 | 
(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R
  
(C) f (x) = sin–1  1 1

 (R) Range contain only
 | sin x  (  2 ) |  | sin x  (  2 ) |  irrational number
(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1 (S) f (x) is even.
(cosec x) + cosec–1|x|
5
130. Let f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x) and  f (r)  a  b , where a, b  N. Find the value of
r 1
(a + b).
   2 
131. Let  = cot–1   ,  = sin–1   and  = sec–1   , then the correct order sequence is
3 4  3 
(A)  <  <  (B)  <  <  (C)  <  <  (D)  <  < 
   4 
132. Let f : R   0,  be defined as f (x) = sin–1  2  then f (x) is
 6  4 x  12 x  17 
(A) injective as well as surjective. (B) surjective but not injective.

83
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(C) injective but not surjective. (D) neither injective nor surjective.

133. Find the value of

[cos1– cos–11] – [sin1– sin–11]+[tan1– tan–11]–[cot1– cot–11]+[sec1– sec–11]–[cosec1–cosec–11] where
[x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x.

134. Match the entries of Column-I with one or more than one entries of column-II. Note that [x], {x} and
sgn x denote largest integer less than or equal to x, fractional part of x and signum function of x
respectively.
Column I Column II
(A) Let f : [–1, 1]  R be defined by f(x) = 5
x + sin–1x (P) Odd
then f(x) is
(B) Let f : R  {–1, 0,1} be defined by (Q) Even
 1 | x | 
f(x) = sgn   then f(x) is
 1 | x | 

(C) Let f : [– 4, 2]  [0, 3] be defined by f(x) = 8  2x  x 2 (R) Onto

then f(x) is
(D) Let f: (– , 0]  [0, ) be defined by (S) One-One
2[ x ] |x|
f(x) = {x}  2 then f(x) is (T) Many-One
2

 8n 
135. The value of sum  tan 1 n 4  2n 2  5  equals
n 1

(A) tan–12 (B) cot–12 (C) cot–12 + cot–13 (D) tan–12 + cot–12

 3 5 
136. The number of solutions of the equation |y| = cosx and y = cot–1(cotx) in   ,  is
2 2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) none of these

137. The number of non zero roots of the equation sin x = cos–1(cosx) in (0, 2)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite

 3x  3x   x 
138(mcq)If f(x) = tan–1  
2  + tan
–1   , 0  x  3, then
3 3x   3

 
(A) the least value f(x) is – (B) the greatest value of f(x) is
3 4

(C) the least value of f(x) is 0 (D) the greatest value of f(x) is
3

84
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

x
139. Let f : R  [, ), f (x) = x2 + 3ax + b, g(x) = sin–1 (  R).
4
Column - I Column - II
(A) The possible integral values of ‘a’ for which f(x) is many one in (P) –2
interval [– 3, 5] is/are
(B) Let a = – 1 and gof(x) is defined for x  [ – 1, 1] then possible (Q) –1
integral values of b can be
(C) Let a = 2,  = – 8 the value(s) of b for which f(x) is surjective is/are (R) 0
(D) If a = 1, b = 2, then integers in the range of fog(x) is/are (S) 1

1 1
140. If the minimum value of function f (x) = 8sin x
 8cos x
is m, then the value of log2m is equal to
 3 3 
(A) 1 + (B) – 1 + (C) 1 + (D) – 1 +
4 4 4 2
 3 
141(mcq) The value of cos–1{sin(cos–1(cosx) – sin–1(sinx)} where x   ,  is equal to
 2 
 
(A)  (B) (C) –  (D) 
2 2

142. Column - I Column - II

1  1  1  1  1  1  
(A) tan    tan    tan    ....   (P)
3  7  13  2

1  1 2  1  4  1  63  
(B) sin    cos    tan   (Q)
 13   5  16  4

 4  1
(C) sin 1   2 tan 1   (R) 
 5  3

1 1  41  
(D) cot 9  cosec  
 (S)
 4  3
]
143. Column-I contain four functions and column-II contain their properties. Match every entry of column-
I with one or more entries of column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) –1 –1
f (x) = sin (sin x) + cos (cos x) (P) range is [0, ]
(B) g (x) = sin–1| x | + 2 tan–1| x | (Q) is increasing  x  (0, 1)
 2x 
(C) h (x) = 2sin–1   , x  [0, 1] (R) period is 2
1 x2 
(D) k (x) = cot(cot–1x) (S) is decreasing  x  (0, 1)
144. If sin–1 (x2 + y2) + tan–1 4 y 2  1 + sec–1x = a then find the sum of the possible values of a.

85
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

145. The sum of the infinite terms of the series

 3  3  3
cot–1 12   + cot–1  22   + cot–1  32   + ..... is equal to :
 4  4  4
(A) tan–1 (1) (B) tan–1 (2) (C) tan–1 (3) (D) tan–1 (4)

146. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation 2 cos–1x = a + a2(cos–1x)–1 posses a solution.

147. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;
 2 K 2
 arc cos x  (arc sin y ) 
 4 possesses solutions & find those solutions.
4
(arc sin y) 2 . (arc cos x)  
 16

148. Find the domain of definition the following functions.

( Read the symbols [] and {} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
2 sin x  1
1  
f(x) = sin (cos x) + ln ( 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1) + ecos  

 2 2 sin x 

149. Solve the equation:

 1
cos1  6x  cos 3 1

3x 2 
2
[Ans. x =
3
]

 x2 x 3   2 x4 x6  
150. If sin–1  x    ........ + cos–1  x 
2

4
 ........ = for 0 < | x | < 2 then x equals
 2 4    2
to
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1/2 (D) – 1

151. Equation of the image of the line x + y = sin–1 (a6 + 1) + cos–1 (a4 + 1) – tan–1 (a2 + 1), a  R about
x axis is given by
 
(A) x – y = 0 (B) x – y = (C) x – y =  (D) x – y =
2 4
152. Column I Column II
(A) cot–1 tan(37)  (P) 143°
(B) cos–1 cos(233)  (Q) 127°

1 1  1   3
(C) sin  cos    (R)
2  9  4

1  1  2
(D) cos  arc cos   (S)
2  8  3

1  4 x  1   x 
153. The exhaustive set of values of 'x' for which sin  2   2 tan   is independent of 'x', is
 x 4  2 

86
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(A) (–, –2] (B) [2, ) (C) (–, –2] [2, ) (D) [–2, 2]


1  16(2n  1)  a
154. If    tan  4 2  and sin   where a, b  N, then find the least
n 1  (2n  1)  4(2n  1)  16  b
value of a2 + b2.

155. Sum of the squares of all the solution(s) of the equation,

2 sin–1(x + 2) = cos–1(x + 3) is
(A) 4 (B) 6.25 (C) 10.25 (D) none

156.   1
 = sin 1 cos sin x    1
and  = cos 1 sin cos x  , then :
(A) tan  = cot  (B) tan  =  cot  (C) tan  = tan  (D) tan  =  tan 

157. Let   cot 1 x ;   cot 1 x and   (cot 1 x ) 2 . If >  >  then 'x' can be
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

sin 1 x 2  cos1 x
158. If x =  satisfies the equation = – 3,
cos 1 x 2  sin 1 x
then find the value of (2 + 2 + 3).

1 1 1 1
159. Let S =     ......................................
2 6 12 20
Column-I Column-II
(A) Sum of real root(s) of the equation (P) 3
cos–1(x2 – 5) + 2cos–1(x3 – x2 – 4x + 3) = 3S, is

(B)

 
 
4S 
The value of 2tan  cot 1  log10 10   equals

(Q) 0

(C) Number of integral point(s) in the domain of function (R) 2

f (x) = log3 (cos1 Sx ) is

(D)   
The value of 5 tan 1 cos tan 1{S}  
equals (S) 1
where{x} denotes fractional part function of x and [x] denotes
greatest integer less than or equal to x respectively.

n 10
 1 1 
160. Let f(n) =   cot  tan 1 k  , k  0. If the value of  f (n)  f (n  1)  is m then find
kn  k  n2

the value of m.

1 1 1
161. If  = sin then 64 sin  + 64 cos  – 8 sec  – 8 cosec  + tan  + cot  equals
2 4
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10

87
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

162. The range of the function f(x) = sin–1 x (1 + cos–1 x + (cos–1 x)2 + ..... ) where x  (cos 1, 1) is
   
(A)  ,   (B)  1,  (C) (– , 1) (D) None
2   2

163.
2
The domain of f(x) = log tan 1 x (x  x  1) , is
(A) (tan 1, ) (B) (–1, tan 1) (C) (–1, tan 1) (D) (– tan 1, tan 1)

164(mcq) If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = A and cos–1 x – cos–1 y = B then find the correct statements.
A  B A  B
(A) x + y = 2sin   cos   (B) x + y = 2cos   sin  
2 2 2 2
A  B  A   B
(C) x – y = 2cos   sin   (D) x – y = – 2 cos   sin  
2 2 2 2

165. If sin–1 (ex) + cos–1(x2) = , then find the number of solutions of this equation
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

1 1
166(mcq) If A = tan–1   and B = tan–1   , then
7 3
24 4 3
(A) cos 2A = (B) cos 2B = (C) cos 2A = sin 4B (D) tan 2B =
25 5 4

167. If sin–1(1 – x) + cos–1(m x) = has some solution for x. Then the range of m, is
2
1 1
(A) (– , – 1) (B) (– 1, ) (C) ( , ) (D) [  , )
2 2

88
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

ANSWER KEY

1. BCD 2. AD 3. BD 4. (A) Q, S; (B) Q, R, S; (C) P, Q, R, S; (D) P, R

5. 1 6. 6 7. C 8. C 9. t =  10. (–, cot1)
11. 0512 12. 5 13. ABC 14. A 15. [1, )
16. (A) P, (B) Q, (C) P, (D) R 17. B 18. BD 19. ABD 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C
28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C
35. D 36. ABCD 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. B
41. (A) S ; (B) P ; (C) R; (D) R 42. D
43. (a) BCD (b) AB (c) B 44. 1 45. 20 46. B 47. D
48. ABCD 49. 8 50. B
51. (A) P, Q, R, S; (B) P, Q; (C) P, R, S; (D) P, R, S 52. 20 53. B 54. B
55. ABCD 56. AB 57. 1 58. AB 59. D 60. C
61. 5 62. 17. 63. 1 64. C 65. D 66. A
67. D 68. B 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. C 73. 28
74. 36 75. B 76. A 77. D 78. B 79. C
80. (A) P, S (B) Q, R, T (C) R, T (D) T 81. (A) P; (B) Q, R, S, T; (C) Q; (D) R
82. 5 83. C 84. B 85. (A) P; (B) Q ; (C) P ; (D) S
86. 17 88. B 89. 47 90. A 91. 0001 92. 1 93. B
94. C 95. ACD 96. B 97. C 98. A
99. C 100. D 101. 2 102.  103. C 104. B 105. C
106. B 107. D 108. A 109. A 110. A 111. 4 112. A
113. B 114. AD 115. A 116. 2 117. AC 118. cot 1 119. A
120. B 121. D 122. 1 123. 20 124. B 125. D
126. ABCD 127. 8 128. B
129. (A) P, Q, R, S; (B) P, Q; (C) P, R, S; (D) P, R, S 130. 20
131. D 132. B 133. 4 134. (A) P, S (B) Q, R, T (C) R, T (D) T
135. D 136. A 137. B 138. BC
139. (A) P,Q,R,S ; (B) P, Q,R ; (C) S ; (D) R,S 140. C 141. BC
142. (A) Q; (B) R; (C) P ; (D) Q 143. (A) P, Q, R; (B) P, Q; (C) P, Q; (D) Q
5
144. a= 145. B 146. a  [– 2, ] – {0}
2
2 2 1
147. K = 2 ; cos ,1 & cos , 1. 148. nI 149. x= 150. B
4 4 3
151. D 152. (A) Q; (B) Q; (C) S; (D) R 153. D 154. 0041
155. A 156.  157. (cot 1 , ) 158. 2
159. (A) Q ; (B) S ;(C) R ;(D) P 160. 99 161. B 162. A 163. A
164. AD 165. A 166. ABCD 167. D

89
 SOLUTIONS Inverse Trigonomeric Function
a a
1. Let tan–1 =  tan  = etc.
x x

+++=
2

tan() = tan
2
S1  S3
1  S2  S4 =   1 – S2 + S4 = 0 S4 – S2 + 1 = 0
abcd
Now, S4 = tan  · tan  · tan  · tan  =
x4
 ab
S2 =  tan  ·tan  = x 2
abcd  ab
 – +1=0
x4 x2
x1
x2
x4 –  ab x2 + abcd = 0 x3
x4
 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0 ....(1)
 x 1x 2 x 3 = 0 ....(2)

xx x x 1  1  1  1
 x1x 2 x 3  1 
2  34  
x 2 x3 x 4  = 0
non zero  1
x
x1x2x3x4 = abcd

1
2. f (x) = | sin–1x | + cos–1  
x
Domain of f (x) is {–1, 1}
 3
f (1) =, f (–1) =
2 2
So function f (x) is injective
sgn(f (x)) = 1 (f (x) > 0)
  3 
Range of f(x) =  ,  ]
2 2 

3.
 3 6   x 2  x 2  1   0  x  R
(A) We have f (x) = sgn  x  x  1  = 1  x  R
   
 f (x) is an even function.
Hence graph of f (x) is symmetric about y-axis i.e. x = 0.
1
(B) is even
e  e x
x

90
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

  
 
domain (– , )  cos1 f (0), cos1 f () hence range  , 
3 2 
(C) Clearly, domain of f(x) = .

(D) As cos–1(cos 7) = 7 – 2 and sin–1(sin 11) = 11 – 4

So, 2cos–1(cos 7) – sin–1(sin 11) = 2 (7 – 2) – (11 – 4) = 14 – 4 – 11 + 4 = 3 Ans.

4.
(A) f2(x) = f (f (x) ) = f (x) = x
f3(x) = f (f2(x) = f (x) = x
 x3 – 25x2 + 175 x – 375 = 0
(x – 5) (x2 – 20x + 75)
(x – 5)2 (x – 15) = 0
 x = 5, 15  Q, S

(B) Range of f (f (f (x))) is [4, 17]  Q, R, S

Domain of f (x) is [–1, 1]

(C) If x  [– 1, 0) , f(x) = 8(x + ) + 5x + 4x – x = 16x + 8

f(x)  [8 – 16, 8 ]
If x  (0, 1], f(x) = 8x + 5x + 4x – x = 16x
f (x)  (0, 16]  P, Q, R, S

(D) x  [– 1, 0]
1 x2
x+ = – 2x
2
 6  36  4
x2 + 6x + 1 = 0  x= = 3 2 2
2


x = 2 2 – 3 | 10a | = 20 2  30  = 30 – 20 2|
x  [0, 1]
1 x 2
x+ = 2x
2
1 + x2 = 2x  x = 1  | 10a | = 10
|10 a | = 10, | 20 2 – 30 |
 [ | 10 a | ] = 1, 10  P, R]

2  2 
5. arc cos  arc cos x  = arc sin  arc sin x 
   

2 1    2 1 
cos–1    sin x   = sin–1  sin x 
2   

91
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 2 1   2 1 
cos–1 1  sin x  = sin–1  sin x 
    
2 1
Let sin x =  where   [0, 1] think!

 cos–1 1    = sin–1
 –1
sin 1 2   2 = sin 
 2   2 =   2 – 2 = 2
 2 = 22
Hence  is either 0 or 1.
If  = 0 then x = 0
if  = 1 then x = 1
hence sum of all possible value of x is 1 Ans.

6. For x  0,
 1 x 
 
f(x) = cos1  put x = tan  = tan–1x ;   , 0
 2 (1  x 2 )   2 
 

 1  tan   1       3   
= cos1   = cos1  
(cos   sin )  = cos1 cos      ;  –   ,
2   2    4   4  4 4 
 2 sec  
y 3
  
= –     = – tan–1x 4
 4 4 
2


 tan 1 x; x0 4
f(x) =  4
 1 x
 tan x ; x0 O

  
From the graph it is clear that equation f(x) = k has exactly two roots then k   ,   [a, b)
4 2 
1 1 4 2
Hence,     =    ×  = 6. Ans.
a b  

7. 
Consider F(x) = cot cos 1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 (  | cos x |  | sin x |) 
But |sin x | + |cos x|  [1, 2] xR
 
 F(x) = cot (cos–1(1) + sin–1 (–1)) = cot  0   = 0 = g(3)
 2
(As F(x) = 0,  x  DF ) ]

92
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 2
2  except   and
8. –1 2
As 0  (sin a)  , 0  (cos–1b)2 2, 0  (sec–1c)2 2  4 
4 

2
0  (cosec–1d)2 
4
5 2
So 0 < (sin–1a)2 + (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 + (cosec–1d)2 
2
5 2
 (sin–1a)2 + (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 + (cosec–1d)2 = (Given)
2

2 2
(sin–1a)2= –1 2 2 –1 2 2 –1 2
, (cos b) =  , (sec c) =  and (cosec d) =
4 4
–1 2 –1 2 –1 2 –1 2
Hence (sin a) – (cos b) + (sec b) – (cosec d) = 0 ]

9. y = (sec–1x)2 + (cosec–1x)2 = (sec–1x + cosec–1x)2 – 2 sec–1x · cosec–1x


put t = sec–1x ; sec–1x + cosec–1x =
2
2   2
y=  2t   t  = 2t 2  t 
4 2  4
2
 2
2
2
 2   2  2  t        
= 2 t  t   = =  2  t  
 2 8  4  16  8  4
2 5 2
 ymin = ; ymax = at t =  Ans.
8 4

10. ln(cot–1x) > 0  cot–1 x > 1  x < cot 1

14  2 15 1 2 15
11. sin 1   sin 1 = cos
|x| 2 |x| |x|
2
1  2 15 
= sin 1    , for or | x |  2 15

 |x| 
2 2
 14   2 15 
    1   

| x |  | x | 
 | x | = 16  x = ± 16, which satisfy | x |  2 15

 
Clearly, x12  x 22 = 256 + 256 = 512. Ans.

93
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

2 2
 1 x  1 x  1 x  2 2
12. f(x) =  cos

   sin
2
  sin
2 
 
2 12
x  6x  8 
 1 x 1 x   1 x 1 x  1 x 2 2
= cos
2
 sin 
2
cos
2
 sin
2
   sin 
2 12

x  6x  8 


 x  x x 2 2
=
2
cos 1  sin 1   sin 1 
2 2 2 2 12

x  6x  8 
2
  1 x 1 x   2 2 2
= 
2
cos
2
 sin  
2  12
x 
2
 6 x  8 = 

4 12

x  6x  8 
Domain of f(x) is [– 2, 2]
f(x) is increasing in [– 2, 2]
  2 9 2  1 9
 Range of f(x) is  4 , 4  = [a2, b2]  2(a + b) = 2    = 5. Ans.
  4 4

 6 6 6 6
13. (A) sin 1 sin   =    
    
 12  12 12 12
(B) cos 1  cos   = 2    2 
    
 30  30 30 30
(C)  tan 1  tan   = 3    3
    
(D) is incorrect.

3 16 1 7
14. 2 cos1 + cot1 + cos1 =
13 63 2 25
2 63 1 24
LHS = 2 tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1
3 16 2 7
24
let tan–1 = ,  (0, /2)
7
24
 tan  =
7
2 tan( 2) 24 tan( 2) 12
2 = 2 =
1  tan ( 2) 7 1  tan ( 2) 7
2
12 tan (/2) + 7 tan(/2) – 12 = 0
3 4
 tan(/2) = tan(/2) = – (rejected)
4 3

94
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(4 3) 63 
tan–1 1  (4 9) + tan–1 +
16 2
12 63 3
tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1
5 16 4

 12 3 
    63 
5 4
 + tan 
–1 + tan–1  
 1  36   16 
 
 20 

 63   63 
 – tan–1   + tan–1   = .
 16   16 

15. let sec–1x = t

t2 – 6t + 8 > 0
(t – 4) (t – 2) > 0  t > 4 or t < 2
   
but sec–1x  0 ,    , 
 2 2 
Hence sec–1x > 4 no solution
hence sec–1x < 2
 
 < sec–1x < 2 or < sec–1x < 0
2 2
Hence x  (– , sec2) or x  [1,  )
Hence x (–, sec 2) U [1, ) Ans.


16. sin–1 x + cos–1x = so cos–1x = sin–1y = cos–1 (1  y 2 )
2
x2 + y2 = 1
 
tan–1 x + tan–1 y = as tan–1 x + cot–1 x =
2 2
cot–1x = tan–1y  xy = 1

cos–1x + cos–1y =  x2 + y2 = 1
2

sec–1x + cosec–1x =
2
–1 –1
sec x + sec y = /2
y
cosec–1 x = sec–1 y= cosec–1
( y 2  1)
x2 (y2 – 1) = y2  x2 + y2 = x2y2 . Ans.

95
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

f (x)      
17. Let sin–1 =      ,  , 2   3 , 3  (as f (x)  [–1, 1])
2  6 6  

 f (x ) 2
 2  f (x)    f (x)  
g(x) = sin–1  2 1    + = sin–1(sin 2) +  = 2 +  = 2sin–1   +
 2    2  3
  3 3 3

f (x)        
g(x) = 2sin–1 +  g (x)   2     , 2    
2 3   6 3 6 3 
 2 
g(x) = 0,   (B)
 3
as f is onto hence
 3
Alternatively: when f (x) = – 1  g (x) = sin–1    =– 
 2  3


 3 
when f (x) = 1  g (x) = sin–1  
 2 = 3
 

         2 
hence g (x)     ,    i.e. g (x)  0, 3 
 3 3   3 3   

18.
2
n 4  4   n 2  2   4n 2    n  1  1 n  1  1
2 2

 (n  1)  1    (n  1)  1  =
2 2
tan ( n  1)  1  tan ( n  1)  1
1 1 2 1 2
tan
1   (n  1)  1  (n  1)  1 
2 2

3     1 
 S =  tan 1 2 = + – tan–1 2 = + cot–1 2 = + tan–1 = + tan–1 B
4 4 2 4 4 2 A
1
 A = 4 and B = .
2

19.  1
Sin 1  x 2   is defined if  x 2  1   1 or 0 or 1
 2  2

and correspondingly  x 2  1   2 or  1 or 0
 2

 1
but cos1  x2   is not defined if  x 2  1   2
 2 2  
 1  1 3
  x 2    0 or 1  0   x2    2  0  x2 
 2  2 2

96
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

3
0  | x |
2
Then f  x   sin 1  0  cos 1  1  or  sin 1 1  cos1  0 
 3 3
 f  x    x  domain   , .
 2 2 

20. LHS  a 2  b 2  13 and RHS  2  y  2  13  13

2

solution exists if LHS = RHS = 13

then sin      1           tan 1 5   tan 1 12
2 2  12  5
b
Also RHS = 13 if y   2
2a
  2   1 tan   12 .

21. x = 3 is the only solution, x = 0 and x =  2/3 is rejected ]

22. y = cosec–1(cosecx) ; x  R  { n, n  I } ; y [   / 2,0)  (0,  / 2]

and y = cosec(cosec–1x) ; | x | > 1 ; | y | > 1

    
 range of value of x y    ,1  1, 
 2   2

23. cos–1(2x) + cos–1(3x) =  – cos–1(x) = cos–1(–x)

cos–1[(2x)(3x) – 1  4 x 2 1  9 x 2 ] = cos–1(–x)

6x2 – 1  4 x 2 · 1  9 x 2 = – x
(6x2 + x)2 = (1 – 4x2)(1 – 9x2)
 x2 + 12x3 = 1 – 13x2  12x3 + 14x2 – 1 = 0
 a = 12; b = 14; c = 0  a + b + c = 26 Ans.

 x  x
24. We have sin 1    0    = 1
6   6 
x 6 12
 1  <2  x
6  
 x = 2, 3 only.
Hence two integral solution will satisfy above equation.

97
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1
25. is even
e  e x
x
y 
2
 1
domain (– , )   0,   range is (B). 
 2 3

0
x
1 1
26. As, 1  1 + sin2 x  2   1
2 1  sin 2 x
  1  
  sin 1  2 

6  1  sin x  2
 k 
    1  k  3. Ans.
6 6 2

27. L.H.S. (sin-1x – cos–1x)3 + 3 sin–1x cos–1x (sin–1 x – cos–1 x) + sin–1 x cos–1x (sin–1 x – cos–1 x)
 1  1 2 1

1 
= (sin–1x – cos–1 x)  sin x  cos x  4 sin x cos x 
 

 sin 1 x  cos1 x 2  3
 
= (sin–1x – cos–1x)   = 16
2
3

= sin 1 x  cos 1 x  4 
16

sin–1x – cos–1x =
4

sin–1x + cos–1x =
2

2 cos–1x =
4

x = cos . Ans.
8

1 x2  k 1 (k  1)
28. We have  <1  1– 2 < 1  x R  k + 1 > 0
2 1 x 2 2 x 1
k 1 1
So k > – 1 and 2 
x 1 2
 2
x + 1  2k + 2
So x2 – (2k + 1)  0 x R  4(2k + 1)  0
1
 k– .
2

98
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1 1
1 1 1 1
   7
29. We have, tan  tan = tan 1 3 4  = tan 1 
3 4  1  1   11 
 12 

 7 1
   46
1 7 1 1 23
Again, tan  tan 1 11 5
= tan   = tan 1  = tan 1
11 5  1  7   48  24
 55 

 23 
1 23 1   1 
 tan 1 = tan–1 1 – tan 1 = tan 1 24  = tan 1   n = 47 Ans.
n 24  1  23   47 
 24 

30. We have f(x) = cos1 x  2 sin 1 x

Clearly, for domain of f(x), cos–1x – 2 sin–1x  0
  1
  3 sin–1x  sin–1x   x
2 6 2
 1
So, Df =   1,  Ans.
 2

tan 1 x
31. Clearly, f(x) =
2
1  tan 1 x

Now domain of equation f 2(x) + (sin–1x)2 = a, is x  [–1, 1].

2   
tan 1 x  1  1 
   
Now, f(x) =   = 1  
2  1  2 tan 1 x  2 2 1 
1  tan x 
  
     


So, f(x)|min = at x = – 1.
2

f(x)|max = at x = 1.
6
 2 
So, (f(x))2  0,  and minimum and maximum is attained at x = 0 and x = – 1.
 4

 2 
Also (sin–1x)2  0, 
 4

99
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

2
 amax = at x = – 1 and amin = 0 at x = 0.
2
 2 
So, a  0, 
 2
 ainteger = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Hence, sum of integral values of a = 10. Ans.

2x  1  2 x  1  1  x 2  
32. Given, 3 sin 1  2
 2 tan  2
 4 cos  
2

1 x  1 x  1 x  4


As, x  (0, 1) so the given equation becomes 3(2 tan–1 x) + 2 (2 tan–1 x) – 4 (2 tan–1 x) =
4
 
 tan–1 x =
8
 x = tan =
8
 
2  1 . Ans.]

x2  4 x2  4
33. We must have,  1   1  1  1
3x 3x

x2  4 x2  4
 + 1  0 and –10
3x 3x
( x  4)( x  1) ( x  4)( x  1)
  0 and  0
3x 3x
 x = – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 1, 2, 3, 4. Hence, number of integral values is 8. Ans.

34. As, | x | + | y | = | x + y | is true if xy  0.

y
 
  y=
x
–1  2 1 
So, (sin x – x)  x  5x  6  x   0
 cos
   x=–1
  ve for all x [ 1, 1]  x
  O x=1
x
sin –1

 sin–1x – x  0  sin–1x  x
Hence, x  [0, 1]. Ans.
y=

 (n  1) (n  2) 2  2x 
35. As, Tn = cot–1  x    Tn = tan–1  
 ( n  2) ( n  1) x  4 
2
 2 x  

 n  2   1   n  1  
 Tn = tan–1    x   tan    x 
 2    2  
 n  2   1
So, Sn = tan–1    x   tan x
 2  

100
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function


 Lim Sn   tan 1 x  cot 1 x = 1 (Given)  x = cot 1. Ans.
n  2

1
1  tan 2 A 1  49 48 24
36. cos 2A = = = =
1  tan 2 A 1  1 50 25
49

1
2 1
1  tan B 9 8 4
cos 2B = 2 = 1 = =
1  tan B 1  10 5
9

7 3
 sin 2A = , sin 2B =
25 5
3 4 24
sin 4B = 2· · =
5 5 25

37. –1< 1–x<1  0<x<2

1
and – 1 < mx < 1 with 1– x = mx so x=
m 1
m m  2m  1 1
–1< <1 so –1< , > 0, m  (– , – 1)  – [ , )
m 1 m 1 m 1 2
m 1 1
– 1 < 0, – <0, >0  m>–1
m 1 m 1 m 1
1
m  [– , ).
2
Paragraph for question nos. 38 & 39

Sol.
1
38. Given, f(x) = sin x  2  1  sin 1 x
Clearly, for domain of f(x), 1 – sin–1 x  0 (As, sin–1 x + 2 > 0 x  [– 1, 1])
 sin–1 x  1  x  sin 1
 Df = [– 1, sin 1].

39. Given, f(x) = sin 1 x  2  1  sin 1 x , where x  [ – 1, sin 1] = y (say)

Clearly, y > 0  x  [ – 1, sin 1]

Now, y2 = (sin–1 x + 2) + (1 – sin–1 x) + 2 sin 1

x 2  1  sin x 
1

101
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

2
 y2 =3+2
9  1 1
  sin x  
4  2

 1 1 9
Clearly, y2max.  sin x   =3+2 0 = 3 + 3 = 6
 2  4

 1
 ymax.  x   sin  = 6
 2

9 9
Also, y2min. (sin–1x = 1) = 3 + 2  = 3
4 4
 ymin. (x = sin 1) = 3.
Hence, rane of f =  
3 , 6 . Ans.

 8    8    6   6
40. cos–1  cos  = cos–1  cos 2    = cos–1  cos  =
 7    7   7  7

 8    
tan–1  tan  = tan–1  tan  =
7 7 7

41. For domain of y = f(x)

  1
sin–1x – cos–1x  0  sin–1x  cos–1x   sin–1x   x1
2 4 2
1 
and range of f(x) is  x   , 1
 2 

sin–1x – cos–1x = – 2cos–1x
2
  
 f(x) =  2 cos1 x  f(x)  0,  
2  2
Domain of y = g(x), for g(x) to be defined cos–1x – | sin–1x |  0  cos–1x  | sin–1x |
 
For x  [–1, 0], cos–1x   , 
2 
–1 –1
Hence, cos x  | sin x |
   1 
For x  (0, 1]  2cos–1x   cos–1x   x   0, 
2 4  2
 1 
Hence domain is x    1, .
 2 

102
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 1 
Range of g(x)  x    1, .
 2 

For x  [–1, 0], cos–1x – | sin–1x |  cos–1x + sin–1x =
2

 g(x) =
2
 1 
For x   0, 
 2

  
g(x) = cos1 x  sin 1 x =  2 sin 1 x  g(x)  0, .
2 2 
 

 
Hence, range of g(x)  0, .
2 
 
42. Domain is x = 1 only [TN]
 2 
Hence range is 0  sin 1  = Ans.
 4 6
43.

(a) 0x1 ; x  1 or x  – 1  x=1

–1
hence  + tan (tan y) = a
tan–1(tan y) = a – 
 
  a
2 2
 3   3 
 a . Hence a   , 
2 2 2 2 
 'a' can be 2, 3, 4

(b) 2 sin 1 | sin x |  2 a {x  (2n + 1)
2
}

 sin 1 | sin x | a
 a  [0, /2) ]

 
0 x  0, 
(c)

a = sin 1 | cos x |  cos 1 | sin x | =   2
 

 
  x    cos 1 (cos x )  0 x   , 
2 
and this function has period = .
 a = 0]

103
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

44. After rationalization.

 n 2  2n  n 2  1   1 1 
1   =
Sn =  sin 
n (n  1)    sin 1 n  sin 1 n  1 
 
1 1 1
t1 = sin–1 1 – sin–1 , t2 = sin–1 – sin–1 and so on
2 2 3
 1    1 
Sn = sin–1 1 – sin–1   = – sin–1  
 n 1  2  n 1 
1 1
cos Sn = , cos S99 =
n 1 100
100 cos S99 = 1. Ans.

 1 2 x   1 2 x 
45. We have g(x) =  2  sin = 2+ sin 1  x 2 
 1  x 2   
2x   
As, sin–1 2   , 
1 x  2 2
 1 2 x 
 sin 1  x 2  = – 2, – 1, 0, 1.
 
Range of g(x) = {0, 1, 2, 3} for f g (x )  < 0  x  R
 f(0) < 0 and f(3) < 0
Now, f(0) < 0  a – 2 < 0  a < 2
and f(3) < 0  9– 6a + a – 2 < 0
7
a> \
5 f(x) = x2 – 2ax – a – 2
0 1 2 3
7 
 a   , 2 . x-axis
5 
7
Hence, k1 = ,k =2
5 2
 (10k1 + 3k2) = 14 + 6 = 20. Ans.

3   
46. We have 2 
2

 2 tan 1 x 2  x  a  1 1
 As tan   cot      R 
 2 

 tan–1 (x2 + x + a) =  x2 + x + a = 1  x2 + x + (a – 1) = 0
4
5
 For required condition, put D = 0  1 – 4(a – 1) = 0  a = . Ans.
4

104
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

  1  cos 2  
47. f(x) = tan 1 
  1  cos 2 
2

  x  = tan 1 tan 1  x 2


y
/2
C B
f(x) 1 A  g(x)
x
O

From the graph it is clear that f(x) and g(x) intersect at three distinct points i.e. at A, B and C.

 1 
48. sin–1 (cos–1 x + tan–1 x + cot–1x ) = sin–1   cos x 
2 
  
For domain 1   cos 1 x  1   1   cos 1 x  1 
2 2 2
But –1
0  cos x   so No solution
 1 
similarly for cos–1 (tan–1x + cot–1x + sin–1 x) = cos–1   sin x 
2 
  
1   sin 1 x  1    1  sin 1 x  1 
2 2 2
 
  sin 1 x  1   – 1  x  – cos 1
2 2
sin–1 (cos–1x)  – 1  cos–1x  1  0  cos–1 x  1  cos 1  x  1
cos–1 (sin–1x)  – 1  sin–1 x  1  – sin 1  x  sin 1. Ans.

  13
49. sin   tan 1 x  =
6  14
14 13
  13  1  13 
+ tan–1x = sin 1  = tan  
6  14  3 3 3 3

 13 1 

 13   1  tan 1  3 3 3  tan 1  10  9 
tan–1x = tan 1   tan 1 =   =  3 3  22 
3 3  3  1  13    
 9 

5 3 
tan–1 x = tan 1  
 11 

5 3 a 3 a b
 x=   a + b = 16    = 8. Ans.
11 b  2 

105
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

13
Aliter: sin (30° + tan–1x) =
14
1 3 13
 cos(tan–1x) + sin (tan–1x) =  7 (1 + 3 x) = 13 1 x 2
2 2 14
 11x2 – 49 3 x + 60 = 0 (On squaring)
49 3  39 3 5 3
 x= = , 4 3 (Reject)
22 11
5 3
 x= . Ans.
11

50. As, x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1

So, sin–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) and cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) will be defined only for x = 2.

So, 4 + 4a + 8   = 0  a = – (1 + ). Ans.
2

51. (A) Let | sin x – 1 | + | sin x + 1 | = y

if sin x = t  |t–1|+|t+1|=y
if t  [–1, 1]  y=2
if t  (– , –1]  [1, )  y>2
t  [–1, 1]  sin x = t  xR  y=2
t  (– , – 1)  (1, )  not possible because sin x  [–1, 1]
 –1 –1
f (x) = sin (2/2) = sin (1) = /2 = constant (periodic)
 P, Q, R, S

(B) Let | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | = y
if x  (– , 1]  y=–1
if x  [1, 2]  y = [– 1, 1]
if x  [2, )  y=1
 –1
f (x) = cos ( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | )
domain is R, range is [0, ];  P, Q is correct

(C) Let | sin 1 x  (  2) |  | sin 1 x  (  2) | = y

  
let sin–1x = t  t   , 
 2 2
   
t  2   t  2  = y
   
  
t   ,   y=
 2 2
 
 f (x) = sin–1   =
 2
 f (x) is periodic and constant function also range contain only irrational number.

106
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 P, R, S
(D) Domain is {± 1}

f (x) = + 1 for x = ± 1
2
range contain only irrational value and also constant function.
 P, R, S

52. Given, f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x)

 1
 1  tan 2 x   tan 2 x 
 
= tan–1  –1 –1
 tan x tan x  = tan  tan x  = tan (tan x).
   
5
Now,  f (r ) = f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) + f(5)
r 1
As, f(1) = 1, f(2) = 2 –  f(3) = 3 –  f(4) = 4 – , f(5) = 5 – 2 
5
  f (r ) = 15 – 5 = a – b
r 1
 a = 15, b = 5
Hence, the value of (a + b) = 20.Ans.

53. Domain of f (x) = – 1  (x – 2)  1 and – 1  (4 – x)  1

 x = 3 hence p = 1
Domain of g (x) = 0  4  x 2  1 and 0  (x – 1)  1  x   3, 2 
 q=1
 p + q = 2 Ans.

54.  f is onto
 
 Range of tan–1 (2x – x2 + ) should be  ,0 
 2 
 Range of 2x – x2 +  should be (–, 0] ; hence D = 0
 4 + 4 = 0, hence  = – 1
Hence number of integer in the range of  is one i.e. – 1.

 1 
55. We have f(x) = sin–1(tan x) – cosec–1(cot x) = sin–1 (tan x) – sin–1   = 0  x  n
 cot x  2
where n  I.
y
y=0
x
 3   0   3 
2 2 2 2
Graph of y = f (x)

Clearly y = f(x) is periodic function with fundamental period .
2
The graph of y = f(x) is union of line segments on x axis and not a straight line.

107
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

The function y = f(x) is many-one, so non-invertible.

Also y = f(x) is even and odd both simultaneously.
As f (0) is not defined, so f f ( x )  is not defined. ]

 
 2x ; 0x 
2
  3
56. f(x) =   ; x
 2 2
4   2 x ; 3
 x  2
 2
Clearly f(x) is periodic function with period 2. The graph of f (x) is shown below.
Y



x=0 X]
 3 5 7
2 2 2 2
57. As, we know that
      
sin–1 x   ,  , cos–1y  [0, ] and sec–1 z  0,    , 
 2 2  2 2 
 
 5
So, sin–1x + cos–1y + sec–1z  ++ = .
2 2

2   
Also, t 2  2  t  3 = t  2 t    3
2 2 2
2
   5 5
=  t   
 
 2 2 2
Hence, the given in equation exists if equality holds, i.e.,
5 
L.H.S. = R.H.S. =  x = 1, y = – 1, z = – 1, t = .
2 2

 2     
Now, tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z + tan–1  t  =     0
   4 4 4 4
So, sec (0) = 1. Ans.

58. Domain of sin–1 x and cos–1 x,each is [–1, 1] and that of sec –1 x and cosec–1 x, each is
(–, –1]  [1, )
 Domain of f(x) must be {–1, 1}
 Range of f(x) will be {f(–1), f(1)}
where f(–1) = sin–1(–1) · cos–1(–1) · tan–1(–1) · cot–1(–1) · sec–1(–1) · cosec–1(–1)

108
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

      3       3 6
=  · · ·  · · = and f(1) = 0 {as cos–1 1 = 0}
 2   4  4   2  64
(i) Thus, the graph of f(x) is a two point graph which doesn't lie above x - axis.

 3 6
(ii) f(x)max= 0 and f(x)min =
64
Y
3 6
Hence f ( x ) max  f ( x ) min 
64

(iii) f(x) is one-one hence injective. • X

(1,0)

(iv) Domain is {–1, 1} •6

  3 

 Number of non-negative integers in the domain of f(x) is one.]  1, 64 

59. Df = [–1, 1]
As f(x + T) = f(x) (T > 0) is not verified for x = 1
 f is aperiodic function
Similarly, Dg = (– , – )

As g(x) = ,xR
2
 g is periodic function with no fundamental period.

 
 3( x 2  1)  | x |   
 |x|   As 0  | x | 1 1
60. We have H(x) =  = 3  x 2  1   
 x2 1     2
x 1 1 2
 |x| 
 |x| 

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), x  (,  2)  (2,  )

So, H(x) = 3, x0
2, x  [–2, 2]  {0}


Also, H(x) is an even function on R, so graph of H(x) is symmetrical about y-axis.

y=2
x
–2 O 2

(0, – 4) y=–4

Graph of H(x)

109
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

8
Note : H(x) = tan–1(3 – | x | ), | x | > 2

Also for |x| > 2, 3 – |x|  (– , 1), so
8  
H(x)   ,  = (– 4, 2)
  2 4
From the above graph, it is clear that H(x) is discontinuous at only one point i.e. x = 0.
Range of H(x) is (–4, 2]  {3}.
Hence number of integers {–3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3)  7 integers Ans.]

2
  2 1   tan 1 x 
61.  log1/ 2  cot x  1   a log1/ 2 1  
      –a + b = 0

2
 2 1    tan 1 x  
 log cot x  1   a  log    1  b = 0
=  1/ 2    1 / 2 1    (log1/22 = – 1)
       

2
 2    2 
=  log1/ 2  cot 1 x  1   a  log1/ 2  2  tan 1 x    b = 0
      

2
 2 1    2 1   
=  log1 / 2  cot x  1   a  log1 / 2  2    cot x     b = 0
      2 

2
 2 1    2 1  
=  log1 / 2  cot x  1   a  log1 / 2 1  cot x    b = 0
      

 2 1 
 y2 + ay + b = 0 where y =  log1/ 2  cot x  1 
  
now it is given that equation y2 + ay + b = 0 has no real solutions so the roots of x2 + ax + b =
0 should not lie in range of y.
so if x1, x2 are roots of x2 + ax + b = 0 then these should not lie in the range of y i.e.
2 
log1 2  cos 1 x  1
 

2 
x1 , x2  range of log1 2  cot 1 x  1
 

 log1 2 3, log1 2 1 
 log 1 2 3, 0 

As x1 , x2 both are (– ve) integral roots and  log1 2 3, 0 

110
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

so x1 , x2  (– , – 2]
now a = – (x1 + x2)
amin. = – max . of ( x1  x 2 ) 
maximum of x1 + x2 = – 2 – 3 = – 5
aminimum = – (– 5) = 5 Ans.]

2 
62. f (x)   x  x2
2 2

 
=  x     x 
 2

  
 domain of f(x) is  , 
 2 
 1   1 
but f gx  = f  sin x  and f h x  = f  cos x  both exit for x  [0, 1]
   
 Modified domain of f(x) is [0, 1]
2   
Graph of y   x  x 2 =  x   ( – x) is
2 2  2
y
2
f (0 )  
2 
 

 

2 
f (1)    1 > f(0)
2 2   1
x

2 4
  2 2 2 9 2 3
f     = =
 4 2 8 16 16 4

  3 
 Range of f(x) is  , 
 2 4

1 9 
 16 (a2 + b2) = 16    = 17. Ans.
 2 16 

2 2 2 2
63. Sn  k
 k
 k
 .........  k
1 a0 1  a1 1 a2 1 an

2 2 2 2  
Sn     .........   a  1 
k k k k
1 an 1  a n 1 1  a n 2 1 a0  i an 1 
 
 2Sn = 2 × (n + 1)
Sn = (n + 1)

111
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

Now, [sin–1 (n + 1)] = 1


1  sin–1 (n + 1) 
2
sin 1  n + 1  1
sin 1 – 1  n  0
 n = 0 (only integral value). Ans.

2cos 2 sin y  
1 4 2
64. x 1
 2 sin 1 y  2  1
2
2cos 2  
 sin 1 y 2  1  1  1
1
x
 
 
2
Now 2cos x   1 and
1 2


 
 sin 1 y 2  1  1  1



2cos 2 sin 
1
x 1 2
 y 1 1  1
2
2cos x   1 and  sin y   1
1 2  1 2 
 1 = 1
 
 (cos–1 x)2 = 0 and (sin–1y)2 = 1
 x = 1 and sin–1y = ± 1
 y = sin 1 or – sin 1
 x – y = 1 + sin 1 or 1 – sin 1 Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 65 to 66

65 f(3 sin–1 x, 2 cos–1 x) = 1

 (3 sin–1 x)3 + (2 cos–1 x)3 + 3 · 3 sin–1 x · 2 cos–1 x – 1 = 0
 (3 sin–1 x)3 + (2 cos–1 x)3 + (– 1)3 – 3 · 3 sin–1 x · 2 cos–1 x (– 1) = 0
 a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = 0
 a + b + c = 0 ( a  b  c)
 3 sin–1 x + 2 cos –1 x – 1 = 0
 sin–1 x + 2 (sin–1 x + cos–1 x) – 1 = 0
 sin–1 x + 2(sin–1 x + cos–1 x) = 1  sin–1 x = 1 – 
 no solution

66 h(x) = (sin–1x )2 + (cos–1 x)2

= (sin–1 x + cos–1 x)2 – 2 sin–1 x cos–1 x)
2 2 2
2      2  t 2   t     
=  2 t   t  = 4 –1
4 2 

 2 16 16  where t = sin x

2    2 2  2
2
  
 2  t       , 
= 4   4  16  = 8  2  t  4  t = sin–1 x  
 2 2
 

112
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

2
 least value =
8
2
2  3   2 9 2 5 2
greatest value =  2   =  
8  4  8 8 4

  2 5 2 
 Range of h(x) =  ,  . Ans.
8 4 

b
67. We have b sin–1 x + b cos–1 x = ...... (1)
2
and a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c ...... (2) (given)
b
 On adding (1) and (2), we get (a + b) sin–1 x = +c
2
b a
c c
–1 2 –1 2
 sin x = . Similarly cos x =
ab ab
ab  c(a  b)
Hence (a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x) =
ab

68. Let S = 7 + 19 + 39 + 67 +...... + Tn

S = 0 + 7 + 19 + 39 +.......... + Tn-1 + Tn
(Subtracting) – – – – – – –
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Tn = 7 + 12 + 20 + 28 +...... + (Tn  Tn  1)
( n  1)
=7+ [ 24 + 8 (n  2) ] = 4 n2 + 3
2
4 1 1
 Tn = tan 1 = tan 1 = tan 1
4n  32
n2  3
4 
1  n2  1
4 
= tan 1  
 n1  n1
2  
2   = tan  1
1  n
   tan 1

n 
1

 
1 n  1 n  1
 2 2    2  2

  1
Hence S =  Tn =  tan 1
n 1 2 2

1 1 1
= tan 1 1 + tan 1 + tan 1  tan 1 = tan–11 +cot 1 3
2 3 2

113
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

x
69. Let x = cos  and  cos 
2
 x2 x 2  1  x 
1  2 1
Then cos  1 x 1 = cos    cos x
 2 4   2
 
 cos 1 cos  cos   sin  sin   =  – 
 cos 1 cos (   )  =  – 
which is possible if 0   –   and 0  cos , cos   1
x
 0  x  1 and 0 1
2
 common set of values of x will be [0, 1]

70. Let f (x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + 1

so, f(0) = 1 > 0, f(–1) = b – c < 0
1
so, – 1 <  < 0, therefore tan–1  + tan–1  

= tan–1  + (cot–1  – 
 
    Ans.
2 2

      
71. tan(tan– 1 + tan– 1 + tan– 1) =
1      
From given equation
+  +  = 0,  +  +  = – 10
and  = – 11
0  (11)
 tan(tan– 1 + tan– 1 + tan– 1) = = 1.
1  (10)

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
72. (A)  cot 1  cot  cot 1  + cot 1  cot 1  cot 1
 2 3 2 3 3
3
=+  tan 1 (3) > 2
4
 58  1
(C) tan–12 + tan–1   =  + tan–1(2) – tan–1  
 1  40  3

 1
2 
 3 5
=  + tan–1  2  =  + tan–1  
 1  5
 3

114
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

5
=  + tan–1(1) = Ans.
4
(D) cot 1

1  cot 1 2  cot 1 2 + cot–12 + 2 cot–13
  3 1 1
 + cot–13 = + tan < 
2 4 4 3
73. We have

f (x) = (tan–1x)3 + (cot–1x)3 = (tan–1x + cot–1x) (tan 1 x ) 2  (tan 1 x )(cot 1 x )  (cot 1 x ) 2 
2
  1      1 
2 

1 2
2
   2
 1 
=  tan x  tan x   tan x     tan x 
1



1
 Using cot x   tan x 
 2 

2
3   1    2 
=  tan x   
2   4 48 

2

Clearly, f (x) will be minimum when  tan 1 x   = 0
 4
2 2
   
and f (x) will be maximum when  tan 1 x   =    
 4  2 4

3   2  3
 a = f (x)min =  0   = and b = f (x)max
2  48  32

2
3    3  2  7 3
=    =
2   4  48  8

7 3
b 8
Hence = 3 = 28 Ans.
a 
32

x  y
74. Here cos–1   + cos–1   = 
 2 3

x y x2 y2  2 2 2 2
so that cos–1  ·  1 1   =  or xy – 1  x  y  x y = cos 
 2 3 4 9 
 6 4 9 36

x 2 y2 2
xy cos  x 2 y2 x 2 y 2
or + cos  – = 1   
36 3 4 9 36
or 9x – 12xy cos  + 4y = 36(1 – cos ) = 36 sin2
2 2 2

115
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 x 1  
75. tan  tan 1  tan 1  = tan
 10 x 1 4

x 1

 10 x  1 = 1
x  1 
1  
10  x  1 

x 1 x  1 
  =1–  
10 x  1 10  x 1 
 x (x + 1) + 10 = 10 (x + 1) – x
 x2 + x + 10 = 10x + 10 – x
 x2 – 8x = 0  x = 0, 8. Ans.

76. sin–1x + tan–1x = k, x  [– 1, 1]  As, sin–1 x + tan–1 x is an increasing function in [–1, 1] 

  3 3 
 k  , 
 4 4
But k  I ; k = – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2.

  
x , 2
x
2
  3
77. f (x) = sin–1(sin x) =   x, x
 2 2
x  2, 3 5
x
 2 2

x , 0x
g (x) = cos–1(cos x) = 2  x ,   x  2

Now, verify alternatives.
Y
  
78. As, sin 1 (sin x ) = x , for x   ,
 2 2  y=–x y=x y=cosx
 From above graph, the equation
X
   O  
    , 0  , 0
sin 1 (sin x ) = cos x has two solutions, in  , . Ans.  2  2 
 2 2 

116
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 
 (r  2)  (r  3) 
79.  tan1 1  (r  3) (r  2)  =   tan 1(r  2)  tan 1 (r  3) 
r 2   r 2
= tan–1 –1
0 – tan (– 1)
tan 1 – tan–10
–1

tan–12 – tan–11
:
:
tan (n – 2) – tan–1(n – 3)
–1


Sn = tan–1(n – 2) +
4
  3
 S =  = . Ans.
2 4 4

80.
(A) We have
f(x) = 5 x + sin–1x
Cleary, domain of f(x) = [–1, 1].
y
Also, f(x) is increasing so f(x) is one-one function.
 1 | x | 
(B) f(x) = sgn   x
 1 | x |  –1 O 1

Df = R
Rf = {–1, 0, 1} even function
y
(C) For domain of f(x), we must have 8 – 2x – x2  0 (–1, 3)
 x2 + 2x – 8  0
 (x + 4) (x – 2)  0 x
–4 O 2
 x  [– 4, 2]
Rf = [0, 3]
2[ x ] |x|
(D) f(x) =  2 = 2–x – 2|x| = 0  x  0
2{x}

81.
(A) Consider  cot 1 (n 2  n  1) where n = 1, 2, 3, 4
1
 tan 1 1  n (n  1)
 (n  1)  n 
 tan 1 1  n(n  1)  = tan–1(n + 1) – tan–1(n)
 
 S = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4
= tan 1
( 2)  tan 1 (1)  + tan 1
(3)  tan 1 ( 2)  + tan 1
( 4)  tan 1 (3)  +

117
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

tan 1
(5)  tan 1 ( 4) 
5 1 2
= tan–1(5) – tan–1(1) = tan–1 = tan–1
1 5 3
 1 3  3
 2cot  cot  = 2 · = 3 Ans.
 2 2

  1   1   1 
(B) We have tan tan 1   tan 1    .......  tan 1   

  1  1 · 2   1  2 ·3   1  19 · 20 

  2 1   3 2   20  19  
= tan tan 1   tan 1    .......  tan 1   

  1  2 ·1   1  2 ·3   1  19 · 20 
= tan [tan–1 2 – tan 1 + tan–1 3 – tan–1 2 + ....... + tan–1 20 – tan–1 19] = tan (tan–1 20 – tan–1 1)
  20  1   20  1 19 m
= tan tan 1    =
 = = (Given)
  1  20 ·1   1  20 21 n
 m = 19, n = 21
Hence m  n Least = 40. Ans.
tan   tan 
(C) Using, tan( + ) = and tan(arc tan a) = a  a  R, we have
1  tan  tan 

 1 1
tan arc tan  arc tan  = tan  arc tan 1 
 x y  10 

1 1

x y 1
 =  (x – 10)(y – 10) = 101
1 10
1
xy
The following four ordered pair of integer numbers are solutions of this equation:
(11, 111); (111, 11), (9, – 91), (– 91, 9)  4 ordered pairs Ans.

(D) We have
sin–1 (sin 12) + cos–1( cos 12) = – (4 – 12) + (4 – 12) = 0
 (n – 2)x2 + 8x + n + 4 > 0  x  R
 (n – 2) > 0  n  3 and (8)2 – 4 (n – 2) (n + 4) < 0 or n2 + 2n – 24 > 0
 n>4 n5
So, nsmallest = 5. Ans.

0, if a  I
82. As, [a] + [– a] =   1, if a  I

 [a ]  [a ] is defined only for integral values of a.

118
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 sin 1  [a ]  [  a ]   0
Also, 3  a  0  a  3  – 3  a  3.
So, a = 1, 2, 3 (Given, a  R+ 
Now, the given quadratic equation becomes
3x2 – 2ax + 3 a = 0

Clearly, discriminant = D = 4a2 – 4 · 3 3 a 

= 4 a2  3 3  a 
 for ,  R, D  0  a = 2 and 3.
Hence, the sum of all values of a = 2 + 3 = 5 Ans.

83. We have 1 + sin (cos–1 x) + sin2 (cos–1 x) + ........  = 2

1 1


1  sin cos x1
 =2 
2

= 1 – sin cos 1 x 
1
 sin (cos–1 x) =
2
 3
 cos–1 x =  x = Ans.
6 2
   Y
84. As, sin 1 (sin x ) = x , for x   ,
 2 2 
y=–x y=x y=cosx
 From above graph, the equation
X
      O  
sin 1 (sin x ) = cos x has two solutions, in  , . Ans.  , 0  , 0
 2 2   2  2 

85. Sn = 1!  2!  3!  4!  5!  6!  7 I where I be an integer

Sn = 873 + 7I
Sn  Sn 
= 124.71 + I   7  = 124 + I
7  
 Sn  S 
 7   = 868 + 7I Sn – 7  n  = (873 + 7I) – (868 + 7I) = 5

7 7
now sin–1(sin 5) = sin 1 sin(5  2)  = 5 – 2  (P)
cos–1(cos 5) = cos 1 cos( 2  5)  = 2 – 5  (Q)
tan–1(tan 5) = tan 1 tan(5  2)  = 5 – 2  (P)
and cot–1(cot 5) = cot 1 cot(5  )  = 5 –   (R)

119
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

86. Y
 f(x)
We have g(x) = sin–1(cosx) =  cos 1 (cos x ) 
2
Both the curves bound the regions of same area 
2
  7   9 15  O   7 2 X
in  ,  ,  , 4  and so on 4
4 4   4  4
–
2 g(x)
9 2 a 2
 Required area = area of shaded square = =
8 b
 a = 9 and b = 8
Hence a + b = 17 Ans.

 3 sin 2   tan    
87. tan1   + tan1   where  <  <
 5  3 cos 2   4  2 2

  2 tan     3 
 3 
2   tan  
1  tan   6 tan    3 tan  
tan 1  2

 = tan 1 1
 = tan   = tan  4
1 
1  tan   8  2 tan 2
   4  tan 2
   1  1 tan 2  
 5  3   
 1  tan 2    4 

 tan  
 tan   
tan 1 4  = tan 1  tan      =   
 4  
 1  tan  tan     4
 
 4 

 
 <<
2 2
 
 a– + = Hence proved.
4 4
1 x 1 x
88. sin 1
2
  
 2  x  cot 1 tan 2  x  sin 1
2

1 x 
0  1  1  x  1
2 
for domain 2  x  0  x2  –1x1 .........(1)
1 x 
0  1   1  x  1
2 
2
1 x  1 x 1 – x
sin 1
2
 
 2  x   tan 1 tan 2  x  cos1
2 2

1 + x

120
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1 x 1 x 
sin 1
2
 cos1
2
 2  x   tan 1 tan 2  x
2
  
 
 
tan 1 tan 
2  x  2  x which is true. Now tan–1(tan x) = x when x   2 , 2 
 

 2
0 2x   0 2x 
2 4
2
 2  x  2
4
2
 2 x2 ..........(2)
4

 2 
4  Ans.
From (1) and (2), the complete solution set is  2  , 1


89. Domain = [– 1, 1]
1 (x  1)
f(x) = (sin–1x + cos–1x + tan–1x) +
 ( x  1) 2  9
3 2 47
fmax. = f(1) =  = =M
4 13 52
 52M = 47. Ans.

90. Let f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx +1.

f(0) = 1 > 0, f(–1) = b – c < 0 so,  (–1, 0).
So, 2 tan–1 (cosec ) + tan–1 (2 sin sec2 )
1   2 sin     1  
= 2 tan–1   + tan–1  2 
= 2  tan 1 1
  tan (sin  )
 sin    1  sin     sin   
 
= 2  = –  (as sin < 0) Ans.
 2

10
 1 2 3 10 
91. S=   tan 1 n  tan 1 n  tan 1 n  ........ tan 1 n 
n 1
now consider
10
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 tan 1 n = tan
1
1  tan 2  tan 3  ..........................  tan 9  tan 10
n 1

10
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 tan 1 n = tan
1
 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  ...........  tan 1
1  2 3 4 5 10
n 1

121
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

10
3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
 tan 1 n = tan
1
 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  ...........  tan 1
2 3 4 5 10
n 1

  
10 10 10 10 10
10
1 10 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  .................... tan 1
 tan n
= 1 2 3 4  10

n 1
————————————————————————————————

  1 1   1 1  tan 1 3   tan 1 1  tan 1 4 

S = 10 ·  +  tan  tan 1 2  +  tan  +  + ..............
4
   2   3   4 
 
[45 such pair each pair have value equal to /2]
5 45 50
S= + = = 25  k = 25 Ans.
2 2 2
sin 2x  (1  cos 2 x )  cos x  
92.    > 0 for x   0,  . Hence no solution
0 0 0  2
m=0
  7   7 
n = sin  tan 1 tan   cos1 cos 
  6   3 

  
n = sin    = sin = 1
6 3 2
m + n = 0 + 1 = 1. Ans.

93. As, x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1

So, sin–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) and cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) will be defined only for x = 2.

So, 4 + 4a + 8   = 0
2
 a = – (1 + ). Ans.

3 3
94. sec (3 tan–1 x) = 1 or – 1 and – < 3 tan–1x <
2 2

 
 3 tan–1x = 0, , –   tan–1 x = 0, ,
3 3
 x = 0, 
3 ,  3  Domain  0, 3,  3 
1 1
  1

1
Now, f(x) = sin sec 3 tan x  cos cosec 3 cot x   
1   3 1   
1
 1

= sin sec 3 tan x  cos  cosec   3 tan x   =
2
 2 sin 1 sec 3 tan 1 x   
  2 

122
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 3   
Range   ,  . Ans.
2 2 
95. When x < – 1,
2 
 2x  1 
 1  x   tan 1  2x 
sin 1    cos 1 x2 
1 x2    1 x2 
= –  – 2tan–1x – 2 tan–1 x +  + 2 tan–1x = – 2 tan–1x
when – 1 < x < 0, then sum of the above three terms = 2 tan–1 x – 2 tan–1 x + 2 tan–1 x = 2 tan–1x
when 0 < x < 1, the sum of the three terms = 2 tan–1x + 2 tan–1x + 2 tan–1x = 6 tan–1x
when x > 1, the sum of threeterms =  – 2 tan–1 x + 2 tan–1 x + 2 tan–1 –  = 2 tan–1 x
So a = 6, 2, – 2
If we check at terminal points at x = ± 1, 0 then we get a = 6, 2. Ans.
1
96. f(x) =ecos(sin x ) = y
 cos (sin–1x) = ln y
 sin–1x = cos–1 (ln y) (1,1)
 x = sin (cos–1 (ln y)) = f –1(y)
 g(x) = sin (cos–1(ln x))
g(1) = sin (cos–10) = 1 (0,0) (e,0)
g(e) = sin (cos–11) = 0
 The points are (1, 1), (e, 0) and (0, 0)
1 e
Area of the triangle = × e × 1 = . Ans.
2 2

97. We have
 1   1 
tan–1 (cot ) – cot–1 (tan ) =   cot (cot )     tan (tan ) 
2  2 
–1 –1
= tan (tan )– cot (cot )
    
=  – ( + ) = –   as    ,0   [TN]
  2 
 
Hence sec tan 1 cot    cot 1 (tan ) = sec (– ) = sec = –1 Ans.

98. For f(x) to be surjective.

 
Range of f(x) must be  ,  and
2 
hence range of y = – x2 + x + a must be (– , – 1]  x (– , – 1]
 2
1  1 
 y=– (x2 – x – a) = –  x     a   
 2  4  

2
1  1
 y=a+ –  x    y  (– , a – 2]
4  2

123
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

[Maximum value occurs at x = – 1]

 a – 2 = – 1  a = 1. Ans.

 n  2 3
  2 1  1   1   1 
99. Given expression =    =  n n =          .........  terms.
n 1  a  n 1 2 a  2a   2a   2a 
1 1
sum is finite if 1 a>
2a 2
1 
 a   , 
2 

100. We have
n ( n  1) n ( n  1) ( 2n  1)
k· 
2 6
 2n + 1 = 3k
 9k 2  4 n 2   (3k  2n ) (3k  2n )  1 
 sin–1  
 6k  4n  = sin–1   = sin–1 = . Ans.
   2(3k  2n )  2 6

101. y = sin– 1 1  x  2 + cos– 1  2  x  

   

–11– x2  1 0 2  x   1
– 2  – x2  0 0  2 – [x]  1
0  x2  2 – 2  – [x]  – 1
0x–24 1  [x]  2
2x6 1x<3

x[ 2, 3)
=2
 
& f (2) = + =
2 2
 P is (2, ) and this point also lies on the second curve
 equation of tangent to the curve y = – x + 2 cos(x – 2) +  at point P is
dy
= – 1 – 2 sin (x – 2)
dx
dy
 1
dx x2

 y –  = – 1 (x – 2)
x y
x+y=+2  =1  a=+2=b
2 2

124
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 a + b –  – 2 = 2( + 2) – 2 – 2 = 2 Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 102 to 104

2 2
 1  1
2 4  x    16 16  4  x  
4x  4x  17  2  2
102. y= 2 = 2 = 2
 (4x  4 x )  7  1  1
 4 x   8 84 x  
 2  2

16  1 
y|min. =
8
=2=  at x  numerator is min . & denominato r is max .
 2 

 
 (1005  3) (1005  2) (1005  1) (1005  1) (1005  2) (1005  3) 
=  1 
 (1005)6 
 6 

 
 6. 10052  1 10052  4 10052  9
=
 
 (1005) 6 

  1  4  9 
= 6 1   1 
2 
 1 
2 
 =5
2 
  (1005)   (1005)   (1005)  
 +=7
103. f(x) = tan–1 sink cos x 

    
– 1  sin (k cos x)  1  range of f ( x ) is  ,  
  4 4 
 cos x  [– 1, 1]
 k cos x  [– k, k]
   
but k cos x   ,   k 
 2 2 2
 Least integral value of k is 2.

g( x )  log19  x  eln tan cot 5 4 x x 2  

1
104.
 
9

  
= log 19 x  tan cot 1 5  4 x  x 2  = log x  tancot 9  (x  2) 
19
1 2

9 9

125
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1
  
g(x)|min. = log19 2  tan cot 1 9 = log 19  2   = 1
9
 at x = 2
9 9 

  
g(x)|max. = log19  5  tan    =  at x = 5
9   2 
 Range is [1, ) Ans.]

Paragraph for question nos.105 to 107

Sol: f (x) = sin–1 


 3 x 4  2x 2  1  4 
 
 
 
2
x 1
3

 3 4  1
  
= sin–1  2 let = sin = cosec–1(1 + x2)
x 1 x2 1 
2

3
   x 1

 
    0,  x R
 2
= sin (3sin – 4sin3) = sin–1(sin3)
–1

    
1
3  3 cosec 1  x
2
 
3   0,      0,   x   ,1  (1, )
 2  6
f(x) = sin–1(sin3) = 
   3    3 cosec 1 1  x 2 3    , 3       ,   x   1,1
 
  2 2   6 2 


3 cosec1 1  x 2 ,
f (x) = 
 | x | 1
1
   3 cosec 1  x ,
2
  | x | 1

 3
g(x) =   
3 cosec 1 1  x 2  3 sec 1 1  x 2 
2
  | x | 1
 1 2
 1

   3 cosec 1  x  3 cos ec 1  x  
2
  | x | 1

1  1 
105 tan 22 = 2  1 < 1 g  tan 22  = 
2  2
1
3

cot 15 = 2  3 3 > 1  g3 cot 15  = 32
1
 5 15
5
sin 18 = 
4
 < 1  g 5 sin 18 = 
  
 

 1  7

 g  tan 22   g 3 cot 15  g 5 sin 18 =
 2  2
  


126
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1
106. h(x) = (3 sin x  4 sin x )  h(x) [–1, 1] x R
5

 g(h(x)) =  x  R

domain is R and range is 

3
  1 
107. tan cot 1   = tan(tan–1| 4x |) = | 4x |, x 0 4
2
  4x 

g(x) = | 4x |
–1 1
Both curves intersect at 4 points
 Number of solutions is 4.

2
108. cos 1 x 3  x  1  cos 1 x  x 3  cos 1 1 | y | 
3
2
sin 1 x  x 3  cos 1 x  x 3  cos 1 1 | y | 
3
 2
 cos 1 1 | y | 
2 3

cos 1 1 | y | 
6
3
1 – |y| =
4
1
|y| = Ans.
4

   
   2·x 
 4x  1  x  = sin 1  2 
109. f(x) = sin–1  2 =
sin
4x   x2   x2 
 1   1 
 4   4 

 x x x
    2 tan 1  2 tan 1   2 tan 1
 2 2 2
x x x
 1 1  1 1
2 2 2
x<–2 –2x2 x>2

127
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1  7  2 
f  
7  2 = 2 tan 
2

  7 2~
 0.6... 
 

 4   4   4 
f  =  – 2 tan–1     2
 7 2 2  7 2    7 2 

 4  1  7  2 
 f  
7 2  f   = 2 tan   –  + 2 tan–1  2 

 7 2  2   7 2

= 2·   = 0. Ans.
2

110.  
2
y = sin 1 (sin x )  sin 1 (sin x )
2
 1 1
=  sin 1 (sin x )   –
 2 4


 For maximum value of y, sin–1 (sin x) = .
2
2
 1 1 
Hence ymaximum =    – = ( + 2). Ans.
 2 2 4 4

 2x 4  x 2 1 
  = sin–1 
 
 2x 2  1 x 2  1   1 2
111. f(x) = sin–1  1 x2    = 2  cos ( 2 x  1)
   x2 1 

 
x = cos  if x  [0, 1]  0, 
 2
 
if x  [ – 1, 0)   , 
2 

 f(x) = – cos–1 (cos 2) =
2

  
 2  2, 2  [0, ]    0,   x  [0, 1]
  2
  (2  2), 2  2  [, 2]      ,  but    ,   x   1, 0 

 2  2   2 

128
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 1
 2  2 cos x 0  x 1
f(x) =  
   2 sin 1 x 1  x  0
 2
1 1
 a+b+p+q= 2– – 2 = – 4.
2 2
 | a + b + p + q | = 4 Ans. ]

2 3  1
112. tan 1  tan 1   tan 1 . Taking tangent on both sides.
3x 4 2 2
2 3

3x 4 = cot  tan 1 1  = 2  8  9x = 2  x = 4
2 3  2 12  6x 3
1 ·
3x 4

 2x 
2 tan–1x =  + tan–1   as x > 1
1 x2 
  24 
=  + tan–1  
 7 
   24   24
tan   tan 1    =
  7  7
 24 + 7 = 31. Ans.

113. cos2x – cosx – x = 0

cos2 – cos x = cos–1 (cos x)
Let cos x = t

/2 –1
y = cos x

number of solutions of t2 – t = cos–1 t in [0, 1] = 1 . Ans.

0 1
2
y=x –x

6 6
114. (sin x + cos x) (sin2 x + cos2 x) =  sin x + cos x =
2 2
  3
 sin   x  =
4  2
Now verify  (A) and (D)

115. cos–1x + 2cos–12x + 3cos–13x =  + 2 + 3

x = –1, 2x = –1, 3x = –1
i.e., not possible simultaneously.

129
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

x2
116. Let 2 =y
x 1
x2 = yx2 + y
x2 – yx2 = y
y – + –
x2 =
1 y 0 1
y [0, 1)


 
 < f(x)  /2
4 2
/4
 0 1
b 2
 =  =2 ]
a
4

 1 
117. f(x) = tan–1   , 0 < x < 1, –1 < – x < 0, 0 < 1 – x < 1
 1 x 
  1
Range of f(x) =  ,  , 1 < 
4 2 1 x

 
 1  1
g(x) = cot–1  1   cot 1  x  , 0 < x < 1
 
 1 x 
Range of g(x) = (cot–1 2, cot–1 1) = (cot–1 2, /4).

118. Let cot–1x = t

 x = cot t, t  (0, )
log10(5t – 1) + log10(2t + 3) + log105 = 2
log10(5t – 1)(10t + 15) = 2
(5t – 1)(10t + 15) = 100
50t2 + 65t – 115 = 0
10t2 + 13t – 23 = 0  (10t + 23)(t – 1) = 0
23
t=– (rejected) ; t = 1
10
Hence possible value of t = 1
 cot–1x = 1  x = cot 1 Ans.

119. x2 – 18x + a > 0  x  R

 a > 81  x  R

130
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 
120. We have f(x) =  – cot–1 x – tan–1 x + sec–1 x =  – + sec–1 x = + sec–1 x
2 2
As domain of f (x) is (– , –1] [1, ) As cot 1
(  x )    cot 1 x 
    3 
 Range of f (x) is  ,     ,  .
2   2 

 1   1 
121. Given expression =   cos (cos 2)    sin (sin 2)
2  2 
 1   1   1   1 
+   cot (cot 4)    tan (tan 4) +   cosec (cosec 6)    sec (sec 6)
2  2  2  2 
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
= sin (sin2) – cos (cos2) + tan (tan4) – cot (cot4) + sec (sec6) – cosec (cosec6)
= ( – 2) – 2 + (4 – ) – (4 – ) + (2 – 6) – (6 – 2) =  – 4 + 4 – 12 = 5 – 16.]

122. After rationalization.

 2 2 
1  n  2n  n  1   1 1 
Sn =  sin
 n (n  1)  =   sin 1 n  sin 1 n  1 
 
1 1 1
t1 = sin–1 1 – sin–1 , t2 = sin–1 – sin–1 and so on
2 2 3
 1    1 
Sn = sin–1 1 – sin–1   = – sin–1  
 n 1  2  n 1 
1 1
cos Sn = , cos S99 =
n 1 100
100 cos S99 = 1. Ans.

 1 2 x   1 2 x 
123. We have g(x) =  2  sin = 2+ sin 1  x 2 
 1  x 2   
2x   
As, sin–1   2 , 2
1 x2  
 1 2 x 
 sin 1  x 2  = – 2, – 1, 0, 1.
 
Range of g(x) = {0, 1, 2, 3} for f g (x )  < 0  x  R
 f(0) < 0 and f(3) < 0
Now, f(0) < 0  a – 2 < 0  a < 2
and f(3) < 0  9– 6a + a – 2 < 0
7 f(x) = x2 – 2ax – a – 2
a> 0 1 2 3
5
x-axis

131
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

7 
 a   , 2 .
5 
7
Hence, k1 = ,k =2
5 2
 (10k1 + 3k2) = 14 + 6 = 20. Ans.

3   
124. We have 2 
2

 2 tan 1 x 2  x  a  1 1
 As tan   cot      R 
 2 

 tan–1 (x2 + x + a) =  x2 + x + a = 1  x2 + x + (a – 1) = 0
4
5
 For required condition, put D = 0  1 – 4(a – 1) = 0  a = . Ans.
4

  1  cos 2  
125. f(x) = tan 1 
  1  cos 2 
2

  x  = tan 1 tan 1  x 2


y
/2
C B
f(x) 1 A  g(x)
x
O

From the graph it is clear that f(x) and g(x) intersect at three distinct points i.e. at A, B and C. Ans.

 1 
126. sin–1 (cos–1 x + tan–1 x + cot–1x ) = sin–1   cos x 
2 
  
For domain 1   cos 1 x  1   1   cos 1 x  1 
2 2 2
But –1
0  cos x   so No solution
 1 
similarly for cos–1 (tan–1x + cot–1x + sin–1 x) = cos–1   sin x 
2 
  
1   sin 1 x  1    1  sin 1 x  1 
2 2 2
 
  sin 1 x  1   – 1  x  – cos 1
2 2
sin (cos x)  – 1  cos x  1  0  cos–1 x  1  cos 1  x  1
–1 –1 –1

cos–1 (sin–1x)  – 1  sin–1 x  1  – sin 1  x  sin 1. Ans.

132
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

  13
127. sin   tan 1 x  =
6  14
14 13
  13  1  13 
+ tan–1x = sin 1  = tan  
6  14  3 3 3 3

 13 1 
 
 13   1  1 3 3 3  tan 1  10  9 
tan–1x = tan 1   tan 1  = tan   =  3 3  22 
3 3  3  1  13    
 9 

5 3 
tan–1 x = tan 1  
 11 

5 3 a 3 a b
 x=   a + b = 16    = 8. Ans.
11 b  2 
13
Aliter: sin (30° + tan–1x) =
14
1 3 13
 cos(tan–1x) + sin (tan–1x) =  7 (1 + 3 x) = 13 1 x 2
2 2 14
 11x2 – 49 3 x + 60 = 0 (On squaring)

49 3  39 3 5 3
 x= = , 4 3 (Reject)
22 11
5 3
 x= . Ans.]
11

128. As, x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1

So, sin–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) and cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) will be defined only for x = 2.

So, 4 + 4a + 8   = 0  a = – (1 + ). Ans.
2

129. (A) Let | sin x – 1 | + | sin x + 1 | = y

if sin x = t  |t–1|+|t+1|=y
if t  [–1, 1]  y=2
if t  (– , –1]  [1, )  y>2
t  [–1, 1]  sin x = t
 xR  y=2
t  (– , – 1)  (1, )
 not possible because sin x  [–1, 1]
 f (x) = sin–1(2/2) = sin–1(1) = /2 = constant (periodic)
 P, Q, R, S

133
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

(B) Let | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | = y
if x  (– , 1]  y=–1
if x  [1, 2]  y = [– 1, 1]
if x  [2, )  y=1
 f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | )
domain is R, range is [0, ];  P, Q is correct

(C) Let | sin 1 x  (  2) |  | sin 1 x  (  2) | = y

  
let sin–1x = t  t   , 
 2 2
   
t  2   t  2  = y
   
  
t   ,   y=
 2 2
 
 f (x) = sin–1   =
 2
 f (x) is periodic and constant function also range contain only irrational number.
 P, R, S

(D) Domain is {± 1}

f (x) = + 1 for x = ± 1
2
range contain only irrational value and also constant function.
 P, R, S ]

130. Given, f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x)

 1
 1  tan 2 x   tan 2 x 
 
tan–1  tan x  tan x  = tan
= –1 –1
 tan x  = tan (tan x).
   
5
Now,  f (r ) = f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) + f(5)
r 1
As, f(1) = 1, f(2) = 2 –  f(3) = 3 –  f(4) = 4 – , f(5) = 5 – 2 
5
  f (r ) = 15 – 5 = a – b  a = 15, b = 5
r 1
Hence, the value of (a + b) = 20.Ans.
 1    
131. As > 1  cot  cot 1 1   cot 1  = 0.7856 .........(i)
3 3 4 3 4
 1 1  1  1  
As   sin  sin 1 =  sin  = 0.7856 .........(ii)
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
2 2  2 
As  2  sec 1  sec 1 2   sec 1  ~_ 1.0476 .........(iii)
3 3 3 3 3

134
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

Clearly  <  < .

 4 
132. We have f (x) = sin–1  2 
 4 x  12 x  17 

   
     
 
1 1 1  1  1  1 
= sin   = sin  2  = sin  
 x 2  3x  17    x  3   17  9 
2
  x  3   2 
  
 4 
 2 4 4  
 2 


 
Hence f (x)   0,  , so co-domain = Range
 6

 2 
 As x 2  3x  17   x  3   2 [2, ) 
 4  2 
 
Also y = 4x2 – 12x + 17 is many one function.
Hence f (x) is surjective but not injective.

133. As cos1 – cos–11 = cos1 – 0 (0, 1)

 [cos1 – cos–11] = 0

sin1 – sin–11 = sin1 – (–1, 0)
2
 [sin1 – sin–11] = – 1

tan1 – tan–11 = tan1 – 1.73 – 0.78 > 0 and (0, 1)
4
 
 [tan1 – tan–11] = 0 tan 1  tan 
 3

cot1 – cot–11 = cot1 –  0.57 – 0.78 < 0 and (–1, 0)
4
 [cot1 – cot–11] = –1

sec1 – sec–11 = sec1 – 0 < sec = 2. Assec1 (1, 2)
3
 [sec1 – sec–11] = 1

and cosec1 – cosec–11 = cosec1 –
2
  
As cosec < cosec1 < cosec <
3 4 2
 2 
cosec1   , 2
 3 

 cosec1 – (–1, 0)  [cosec1 – cosec–11] = – 1
2
Hence the value of given exprersion = 0 – (–1) + 0 – (–1) + 1 – (–1)
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 Ans.

135
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

134.
(A) We have
f(x) = 5 x + sin–1x
Cleary, domain of f(x) = [–1, 1].
y
Also, f(x) is increasing so f(x) is one-one function.
 1 | x | 
(B) f(x) = sgn   x
 1 | x |  –1 O 1

Df = R
Rf = {–1, 0, 1} even function y
(C) For domain of f(x), we must have 8 – 2x – x 2  0 (–1, 3)
 x2 + 2x – 8  0
 (x + 4) (x – 2)  0 x
–4 O 2
 x  [– 4, 2]
Rf = [0, 3]
2[ x ] |x|
(D) f(x) = { x}
 2 = 2–x – 2|x| = 0  x  0]
2

 8n  
2 (n  1) 2  (n  1) 2 
135. tan–1  4  = tan–1
 n  2n 2  5   2
n 2 1  4 
2 2
 n  1   n 1 
   
 2   2 
= tan–1  n  1  2  n  1  2
1   · 
 2   2 

2 2
 n 1  n 1 
= tan–1   – tan–1  
 2   2 


8n   1 3  2 
 tan1 


  n 4  2n 2  5  = n   
 Lim  tan 1
12
 0 
  tan 
 2



 tan 1 2 
1 
n 1  
 

 1 2 2  1 n  1  2 2 
1  3   1  n  1  
 tan 2  tan     ......   tan    tan   
  2     2   2  

 1  n  1  2 
= nLim tan    0 =  = tan–12 + cot–13
 
  2   2

136
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

136.

Hence two solutions]

137.

x x 
  
3 3 
138. f(x) = tan–1  2 
x
 1  
 3 3 

x x
= tan–1 – tan–1 ;0x3
3 3
x
Hence f (x) = tan–1  
 3
 
 range of f (x) is 0, 
 4
139.
3a 10
(A) –3<– <5  – <a<2
2 3
 a  {–3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1}  P, Q, R, S
(B) 2
f(x) = x – 3x + b
 f (x) 
gof(x) = sin–1   is defined  x  [–1, 1]
 4 

137
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

f (x)
 –1 1  x  [–1, 1]
4
– 4  x2 – 3x + b  4  x  [–1, 1]
fmin = f (+1) = b – 2
fmax = f(–1) = b + 4
 b – 2  – 4 and b+44
b–2 and b0
 b  [– 2, 0]
 b = – 2, – 1, 0  P, Q, R

(C) f : R  [– 8, ), f(x) = x2 + 6x + b

fmim = f(–3) = b – 9
b–9=–8  b=1  S
2
 1 x  x
(D) h(x) = fog(x) =  sin  + 3sin–1 + 2
 4 4

x   
h(t) = t2 + 3t + 2, t = sin–1
4
, t  2 , 2 
 
2
 3 1
= t   
 2 4
 3
h(t)|max occurs when t = and h(t)|min occurs when t = –
2 2
1 2 3
 h(t)|min = – and h(t)|max = + +2
4 4 2

 1  2 3 
 Range of fog(x) =   4 , 4  2  2
 
 Possible integers are 0, 1  R, S

140. By using A.M. – G.M. inequality, we have

1 1
8sin x
 8cos x 1 1 1
x  cos 1 x
 8sin x
·8cos x
 f (x) 2 8sin
2
3
1
f (x)min. = m = 2 8 2 =2 2  3 / 4
= 2 4

3
Hence log2m = 1 +
4
 3 
141. f x   ,  then sin–1(sinx) =  – x and cos–1(cosx) = 2 – x
 2 
 cos–1{sin(cos–1(cosx) – sin–1(sinx)} = cos–1{sin{(2 – x) – ( – x)}}

138
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function


= cos–1sin =
2

142.
1 1 1
(A) tan 1    tan 1   tan 1    ....  
3  7  13 

1 1 (n  1)  n
1
Tn = tan 2 = tan = tan–1 (n + 1) – tan–1n
1 n  n 1  (n  1)n
putting n = 1, 2, 3, ...., and adding, we get
Sn = tan–1 (n + 1) – tan–1 1
   
S = tan–1 () =  = .
4 2 4 4
 12   12  1 4 3
(B) Since sin 1    tan1  = cos = tan 1
 13   5 5 4

1 12 3 63
 LHS = tan  tan 1  tan 1
5 4 16
12 3
since  > 1, we have
5 4
12 3
12 3 
63
= tan
1
 tan 1 + tan 1 5 4 =  – tan 1 .
5 4 12 3 16
1 .
5 4

1 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 4
(C) 2 tan 1 = tan = tan and sin 1 = tan
3 1 4 5 3
1
9

1 4 1 1 1 4 3 4 4 
 sin + 2 tan = tan  tan 1 = tan 1  cot 1 = .
5 3 3 4 3 3 2

(D) cosec–1 x = cot 1 x 2  1

41 1 41 5
 cos ec
1
= cot  1 = cot 1  ;
4 16 4
41 1 1 5
 cot–1 9 + cos ec 1 = cot 9  cot
4 4

1 4
1 
1 1 4 1 9 5 = tan–1 1 = 
= tan + tan = tan
9 5 1 4 4
1 .
9 5

139
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

143.
(A) f (x) = sin–1(sin x) + cos–1(cos x)
= x + x = 2x, x  [0, /2]
=  – x + x = , x  [/2, ]
=  – x + 2 – x = 3 – 2x, x  [, 3/2]
= x – 2 + 2 – x = 0, x  [3/2, 2]
Rf = [0, ]
(B) g (x) = sin–1| x | + 2 tan–1| x |
g is even, Dg  [–1, 1]
| x |  [0, 1]
if x  0, g (x) = sin–1x + 2 tan–1x
    
Rg = 0  0,  2   = [0, ]
 2  4 
g(x) is increasing  x  (0, 1)
g(x) is decreasing  x  (–1, 0)
 2x 
(C) h (x) = 2sin–1   , x  [0, 1]
1 x2 
tan–1x = ,   [0, /4], 2  [0, /2]
h (x) = 2 sin (sin 2) = 4 = 4tan–1(x)
–1

(D) cot(cot–1x) = x  x  R ]

144. 1  x2 + y2  0 ...... (1) & |x|  1  x2  1 .... (2)

equation (1) & (2) x = ± 1 & y = 0
  3   7
 If x = 1 then a = + +0 = & if x = – 1 then a = + +  =
2 4 4 2 4 4
5
 sum of values of a =
2

 2 3  1   1 
145. Tn = cot–1  n   = tan–1  2  = tan–1 
 
 4  n  (3 4)   2 
 1  n  (1 4) 

 
 
 1 
= tan–1   1  1
 1   n   n   
  2  2

 n  12   n  12  
= tan1  
 1  n  1 n  1  
2 2 

140
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

146. Let cos–1x = t, t  (0, ] as cos–1x  0, being in Dr

a2
2t = a +
t
2t – at – a2 = 0
2

a  a 2  8a 2 a  3a
t= =
4 4
with +ve sign
t = a  (0, ] ....(1)
with – ve sign
a
t=–
2
a
0<– 
2
0 < – a  2
– 2  a < 0 ....(2)
from (1) and (2) a  [– 2, ] – {0} Ans.

K 2
147. cos–1 x + (sin–1 y)2 =
4
4
(sin–1 y)2 · (cos–1 x) =
16
 
–  sin–1 y 
2 2

0  (sin–1 y)2 
4
0  cos–1 x  
2
0  cos–1 x + (sin–1 y)2  +
4
K 2 2 x
0   + 0K 1
4 4 
K  
0 1 +  0  k  + 1  k  {0, 1, 2} .............(1)
4 4 4
4 K 2
cos1 x  = from given equation
16 cos1 x 4
Put cos–1 x = t Also AM  GM
12
4 K 2 K 2   4 
t =   
16 t 4 8  16 

141
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

16 t 2   4 K 2 K 2  2 4
=  2 1+
416t 4 8 4 
16 t2 + 4 = 4K2t K2 ...............(2)
for (1) and (2) k = 2
16 t2 – 4t K2 + 4 = 0
8 2  64 4  64 4
t=
32
2
t=
4
2  2  2 4 
 cos–1 x=  x = cos   (sin–1 y)2 =  sin–1 y = 
4  4  4 16 2
y=±1]

cos  2 sin x  1 
1
148. f(x) = sin(cos x ) + ln ( 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1) + e  
 2 2 sin x 
Let 2 sin x = t t>0

t2 1
–1 1
2t
– 2t  t2 + 1  2t
(t + 1)2  0 and (t – 1)2  0
t  R ....(1) t = 1 ....(2)
(1)  (2)
1 3 3
t = 1; sin x = ; cos x = or –
2 2 2
3
for cos x = –
2
sin(cos x ) is not defined

3
and for cos x = both sin(cos x ) and log function are defined
2
1 3
 sin x = and cos x =
2 2

 x = 2n + , n  I Ans.
6


149. cos1  6x  cos 3 1

3x 2 
2

142
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function


  
cos1  6x 3 3x 2  1  6x 2 1  27  x 4  
  2
3

9 2 x = 1  6 x 2 1  27 x 4 
Squaring
162 x6 = 1 – 27 x4 – 6x2 + 162 x6
27 x4 + 6 x2 – 1 = 0
27 x4 + 9 x2 – 3 x2 – 1 = 0
9x2 (3x2 + 1) – (3x2 + 1) = 0
1 1
9x2 = 1  x= or
3 3
1
If x =
3
6  1
cos–1 + cos–1  3 3. 
3  9

2  1 
cos 1  cos 1  
3  3
1
tan 1  tan 1 2
2  3 2
 =
 2 
2 1

 2 1 
cos 1     cos 1  

3  3


2 1
  cos 1  cos 1
3 3
1 1
  tan 1  tan 1 2 =  + cot–1 + tan–1 2 =

 tan 1 2 .]
2 2 2 2
 x2 x 3  4 6 
150. sin–1  x    ........ + cos–1  x 2  x  x  ........ = for 0 < | x | < 2
 2 4   2 4  2
x
S1 =
x
1
2
2x
= 0 <|x|< 2
x2

143
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

x2 2x 2

x2 2  x2
1
2
S2 =
2x 2x 2 x

x  2 2  x2
x2 + 2x = 2 + x2  x=1

151.  sin–1 is defined for [– 1, 1]

 a=0

 x + y = sin–1 1 + cos–1 1 – tan–11 =
4

Clearly image about x axis will be x – y = . ]
4
152. (A) cot–1 tan(37)  = cot 1 cot (90  37)  = cot 1 cot (127)  = 127°  (Q)
(B) cos 1 cos ( 233)  = cos 1 cos (360  127)  = cos 1 cos (127)  = 127°  (Q)
 1  1
(C) sin where cos = ; 1 – 2 sin2 =
2 9 2 9
 1 8  4
 2 sin2
=1– =  sin2 =
2 9 9 2 9
 2
 sin =  (S)
2 3
 1
(D) cos where cos =
2 8
 1  1 9
2 cos2 –1=  2 cos2 =1+ =
2 8 2 8 8
 9
 cos2 =
2 16
 3
cos =  (R) ]
2 4

x
2 
 4x  2
153. sin 1 2  = sin 1   2
 x 4 x
1  
2

144
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 x x  1   x 
 2 tan 1   if 1   2 tan  2  if x 2
  2  2   
 1  x  x  1   x 
=    2 tan   if 1 =    2 tan   if x  2 {Using tan–1x = –tan–1(–x)}
  2  2   2 
  1  x   x  1   x 
    2 tan  2   if  1    2 tan  2  if x  2
    2 


 0 if x  [2, 2]

 4x  1   x   1   x 
 sin 1  2   2 tan   =    4 tan   if x2
 x 4  2    2 
 1   x 
   4 tan  2  if x  2

Given expression is independent of x if x  [–2, 2] Ans.

r
1  16 2n  1 
154.  = r   tan 
lim 4 2 
n 1  2n  1  4 2n  1  16 

  1 
r  2 n   
1   2 
= r  
lim tan  4 2  {Dividing numerator and denominator by 16}
n 1 1   n  1    n  1  
   
2 

2  

  2 2
1  1    1  1   
  n     n      n     n    
r
1   2  2    2  2   
= r  
lim tan  2 2  {Using :n4–n2 =(n2–n) (n2 + n)}
n 1   1  1  1  1  
1   n  2    n  2  n  2    n  2  
   

r  2 2

1  1  1  
1  1  1 
= r  
lim  tan  n 
2
   n 
2
  tan  n 
2
   n 
2
 
n 1 
 
    
 
   

 xy 
{Using : tan–1  1  xy  = tan–1x – tan–1 y  x, y > 0}
 

r 
 1  9 3  1  9 3   1  25 5  1  25 5   1 49 7 
= r   tan  4  2   tan  4  2   tan  4  2   tan  4  2  + tan   
lim
n 1             4 2

145
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

 1  1  2  1  
1 
2
1   1 
7 
1  49 tan  r  
  r    tan r     r   
 tan    + .... +  
 4 2    2  2   2  2 


 1  15   3    35   15    63   35 
= rlim   tan    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  
 
 4  4    4  4    4  4 

 1  1  2 1  1    1  1  
2
1 
+ ....+  tan  r    tan  r   
  tan  r     r   
  2  2     2  2 


 2  
1  1   1  1  3 
lim
= r    tan  r     r     tan    =  tan 1  3  = cot 1  3 
  2   2   4   2  4 4

3 5 4 a
 cot  =  cosec  = 1  cot 2  =  sin  = =
4 4 5 b
 (a + b )least = 4 + 5 = 16 + 25 = 41 Ans.
2 2 2 2

155. Let sin–1(x + 2) =   x + 2 = sin 

 –1
2 = cos (x + 3)
cos 2 = x + 3 = (x + 2) + 1 = 1 + sin 
1 – 2 sin2 = 1 + sin 
sin (1 + 2 sin ) = 0
 sin  = 0 or sin  = – 1/2
 x=–2 or x = – 2.5 (rejected) as it does not satisfy the original equation
 x2 = 6.25

  1  
156.  = cos–1  cos  cos x   ;  = cos–1{cos(sin–1x)}
 2 
also –1 –1
 = sin [cos(sin x)]
 +  = /2  tan  = cot  Ans.

157. for >  >  , cot–1x < 1  x is greater than cot 1 ; Ans. (cot 1 , )]

sin 1 x 2  cos1 x
158. Given, = –3
cos 1 x 2  sin 1 x
 sin–1 x2 + cos–1x = – 3 cos–1 x2 – 3 sin–1 x
 sin–1 x2 + 3 cos–1 x2 + cos–1 x + 3 sin–1 x = 0
  + 2 cos–1 x2 + 2 sin–1 x = 0

 cos–1 x2 + sin–1 x =
2
  
Since, 0  cos–1 x2  and  sin–1 x 
2 2 2

146
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function


So, cos–1 x2 = 0  x = ± 1 and sin–1 x = x = – 1.
2
 Only solution is x =  = – 1.
Hence, (–1) 2 + 2(– 1) + 3 = 2. Ans.

 1 1 1 1 1
159. We have S = 1            ......
 2   2 3  3 4 
 S=1

(A) Given cos–1(x2 – 5) + 2cos–1(x3 – x2 – 4x + 3) = 3

 cos–1(x2 – 5) =  and cos–1(x3 – x2 – 4x + 3) = 
 x2 – 5 = – 1 and x3 – x2 – 4x + 3 = – 1
 x2 = 4 and x3 – x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
 x = 2, – 2 and (x – 1) (x – 2) (x + 2) = 0
 x = 1, 2, – 2
Finally x = 2, – 2
Hence sum = 2 – 2 = 0

(B)
 1
 
4 
We have 2tan  cot  log10 10   = 2tan(cot–12)
  
1
Let cot–12 =  cot = 2  tan =
2
1
Hence 2tan(cot–12) = 2tan = 2   = 1
 2
(C) We have log3(cos–1Sx) 0 y

 log3 (cos–1x) 0 y = cos–1x

1
 cos–1x  1
x
O cos1
 cos–1x [1, ] (0,0)

 x [–1, cos1 ]
Number of integers in domain = 2 (–1 and 0)
(D)   
We have 5 tan 1 cos tan 1{1}  = 5 tan costan 0 = 5tan
1 1 1
cos(0)  = 5tan 1
1

 5 
=   = [3 · 92] = 3 ]
4

n
 1 1 
160. f(n) =   cot  tan 1 k 
kn  k 

147
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

1 n 1
 1 1   1 
=   cot  tan 1 k     cot 1  tan 1 k  =  tan 1 k    tan 1 k = n
kn  k  k 1  k  k  n
  
zero
1
As cot 1  tan 1 k
k

10 10
  n  (n  1)   2n  1 = 99. Ans.
n2 n2

1 1
161. sin 2 =  sin  cos  =
4 8
 1 1   sin  cos  
64 (sin  + cos ) – 8     
 cos  sin    cos  sin  

8(sin   cos )  sin 2   cos2  

= 64(sin  + cos ) –
1/ 8

1/ 8  = 8. Ans.
 


 cos 1 x
2   2y
162. y= 1 , cos 1 x 
1  cos x 2  2y
  2y
0 < cos–1 x < 1  0< 1
2  2y
  2y   2y
0 1  0
2  2y 1 /2 2  2y
2
2 – 2y < 0, 2y > 2 0
2  2y
2 – 2y < 0, y > 1
 
Taking interaction, y   ,   .
2 

163. Here x2 + x + 1  1 for tan–1 x > 1

so x2 + x  0  x(x + 1)  0  x  0 or x < –1
tan–1 x > 1  x > tan 1 taking interaction.
x  (tan1 , )
Now ... x2 + x + 1 < 1 & tan–1 x < 1 but tan–1 x > 0
2
so x + x < 0  x(x + 1) < 0  – 1 < x < 0
and 0 < x < tan 1 taking interaction Null set
so x  (tan 1, ). Ans.

148
 Inverse Trigonomeric Function

164. sin–1x + sin–1 y = A

– sin–1x + sin–1 y = B
AB A B
sin–1 y = , sin–1 x =
2 2
AB  AB
x = sin   , y = sin  .
 2   2 

165.

– 1 < ex < 1  <x<0

– 1 < x2 < 1  –1<x<1 so –1 < x < 0
ex = x2 one solution is positive (not acceptable) and one is negative.

1
1  tan 2 A 1  49 48 24
166. cos 2A = = = =
1  tan 2 A 1  1 50 25
49

1
1
1  tan 2 B 9 8 4
cos 2B = = = =
1  tan B 1  1 10 5
2

7 3
 sin 2A = , sin 2B =
25 5
3 4 24
sin 4B = 2· · = ]
5 5 25

167. –1< 1–x<1  0<x<2

1
and – 1 < mx < 1 with 1– x = mx so x=
m 1
m m  2m  1 1
–1< <1 so –1< , > 0, m  (– , – 1)  – [ , )
m 1 m 1 m 1 2
m 1 1
– 1 < 0, – <0, >0  m>–1
m 1 m 1 m 1
1
m  [– , ).
2

149
 LIMIT
Questions
1. Let tan(2 | sin  | ) = cot (2 | cos  | ), where   R and f (x) = ( | sin  | + | cos  | )x.
 2 
Find The value of Lim   . [Note: [ ] represents greatest integer function.]
x   f ( x ) 


1  16(2n  1)  a
2. If    tan  4 2  and sin   where a, b  N, then find the least
n 1  (2n  1)  4(2n  1)  16  b
value of a2 + b2.
n ·3n 1
3. If Lim n n 1 n = then the range of x is (n  N)
n n ( x  2)  n ·3  3 3
(A) [2, 5) (B) (1, 5) (C) (–1, 5) (D) (– , 5)

4. Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on the tangent at A a point T is taken such that
AT = AP. If TP produced meet the diameter through A at Q, prove that the limiting value of AQ when
P moves upto A is double the diameter of the circle.
  n2  
5. Evaluate: Lim n 2  n 2ln  2   1
 
n 
  n 1 
6. At the end points A, B of the fixed segment of length L, lines are drawn meeting in C and making angles
 and 2 respectively with the given segment. Let D be the foot of the altitude CD and let x represents
the length of AD. Find the value of x as  tends to zero i.e. Lim x .
 0
7. If f : (0, )  N and
 x 2  x  1  4 x 2  x  2   9x 2  x  3   n 2x2  x  n 
f (x) =  2 
  2

  2   .......   2 , nN
 x  1   2 x  1   3x  1   nx  1 

 
 
f (x )  n
then find the value of Lim  .
n  2 n 3 (n  2) 
 f ( x )   
 4 
[Note: [y] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to y.]
n
8. For p, n  N, let f (x) = 1 – xp and gn(x) = .
1 1 1
  ...... 
f ( x ) f (2x ) f ( nx )

1  g n (x)
Find the value of Lim at n = 5 and p = 3.
x0 xp

1
9. Let f() =
tan9 
 
(1  tan )10  ( 2  tan )10  ....  ( 20  tan )10  20 tan  . The left hand limit


of f() as  is
2
(A) 1900 (B) 2000 (C) 2100 (D) 2200

150
 LIMIT
n
10. Find the value of Lim (k  1) (k  2) .
n  2k
k0

1  1  1  1   
11. Let S = tan  2 tan  3 tan  .......  n tan  n 1  . If LimS = L; then find the value of
2 
2 4 2 8 2 16 2 n 

(100)L.
(Use may use the fact cot x – tan x = 2cot 2x.)

12. If f (x) = Lim

  
x n a  sin( x n )  b  sin( x n )  is continuous at x = 1, then
n n

(1  x ) sec tan (x  x 1 n n
)

(A) a – b = 2 5 (B) a + b = 2 5 (C) a – b = 0 (D) a + b = 0

(1  cosn x ) (tan x  sin x )m

13. If Lim = 1, (m, n  N) then find the minimum value of (m + n).
x 0 xn
 x 3  2x, if x  Q
14. Let f : R  R be f(x) =  2
 x  2, if x  R  Q
Find the sum of all possible values of   R for which Lim f ( x ) exists.
x

1  cos(1  cos x ) m
15. If Lim is equal to , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers,
x 0 x4 n
then the sum of the digits of (m2 + n2) equals
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13

16. Let L(m) be the x-coordinate of the left end point of the intersection of the graphs of y = x2 – 6 and
 L( m )  L( m ) 
y = m, where – 6 < m < 6. The value of Lim   equals
m 0  m 
1 2
(A) zero (B) (C) (D) 1
6 6
17. Let  be the fundamental period of the function f (x) = | cos (2 {2x}) | + | sin (2 {2x} |
cos x  x 2 n sin( x  2)
(where { · } denotes fractional part of x) and g(x) = Lim . If
n  1  x 2n 1
m
Lim g( x )  where m, n  N then find the minimum value of (m + n).
x 2  n
18. Let the isosceles triangle T1 be inscribed a circle C. Now again an isosceles triangle T2 is inscribed in
the circle with base as one of the equal sides of T1. This process is continued indefinitely. If i is

vertical angle of triangle Ti then  Lim i  , is

 i 
[Note: [y] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to y.]

151
 LIMIT

ln (2  cos 2 x )
 2 for x  0
 ln (1  sin 3x )
19. Let a function f (x) be defined as f (x) =  .
 esin 2 x  1
 for x  0
ln (1  tan 9 x )
Find the value of 9 [f (0+) + f (0–)].

20. Let k (k = 1, 2, 3, ...... , n), 1 < 2 < ..... < n be the solution of  such that 3 sin n + cos n

1 n  k
= 0. If Lim  cos k = , then find the value of k (k  N).
n n
k 1 2 

Paragraph for Question no. 21 to 23

Let P(x) = x5 – 9x4 + px3 – 27x2 + qx + r (p, q, r  R) be divisible by x2 and ,  and 

P( x )
are the positive roots of the equation = 0.
x2
21. The value of (p + q + r) is equal to
(A) 9 (B) 27 (C) 81 (D) 108

22. If  – 1,  + 3 and  + 7 are the first three terms of a sequence whose sum of first n terms

1
is given by Sn then  Sn · Sn 1
is equal to
n 2

1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 2
4 2
 1 1 1 1 
23. The value of Lim   2 2 2
 3 3 3
 ........  n n
 is equal to
n 
n p  q  r p  q  r p  q  r p  q  r
 
1 1 25 26
(A) (B) (C) (D)
26 27 26 27
2cot x  3cot x  51  cot x  2
24. The value of Lim is
x (2cot x ) 2  (9cot x )1 2  5cot x  1
(A) 5 (B) 2 (C) non existent (D) – 2
 ln(1  x 3 tan 2 x ) 
25. The value of Lim   is equal to
x 0  x3 sin 3 x 
 e e 
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 6
2 6

152
 LIMIT

 e e 
26. Lim    equals
x 0  4 x
 2x eex  1   


e2 e2 e2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
2 4 8

 1 1 
27. Lim   
x 1  ln x x  1  equals

 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1
3 2

28. Let f : R+  A (where A is co-domain of a non empty set) be a function defined as

2a a
f(x) = Lim x  3x  2 . Find the number of elements in A for which f is surjective.
a   x 2a  x a  1

 ln{ x }
 cot 1 ln{x} 
29. The value of Lim   is equal to
x  0 
  

[Note: where { } denotes fractional part function.]
1 1 2 2
(A) e (B) e (C) e (D) e 

x
sin 1
1
e x 2 1 esin x
30. Lim is equal to
x 0 e tan x  esin x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) none
2
e x  cos 2 x
31. Lim equals
x0 ln (sec x )
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
1
  n 1 n 1 
k
32. a  1 
n
Let k  N and a  R+ (a  1) then Lim n   is
n  
 n n  2 
 
(A) 0 if k  {1, 2}
(B) – ln a if k = 3
(C) non-existent if k  4 and a  (0, 1)
(D) non-existent if k  4 and a > 1.
1 1
2 x 2 x
33. If the value of Lim (1  3x  2 x )  (1  3x  2 x ) = k e3, find the value of 12k
x0 x

153
 LIMIT
1
(1 x) x e ( x  1)
34. Limit
x0 1
is equal to
sin x
e e
(A) (B) (C) e (D) – e
2 2

Paragraph for question nos. 35 to 37

Consider P(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c  R and P(2) = 9. Let  and  be the roots of the
equation P (x) = 0.
x
 P( x ) 
35. If   and P'(3) = 5 then Lim   is equal to
x   5 ( x  1) 

1 4 2
(A) 1 (B) e5 (C) e5 (D) e5

P( x )  3
36. If  and  both tends to infinity then Lim is equal to
x 3 sin ( x  3)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 9 (D) non-existent

 
 
 P( x ) 
37. If  = , then the value of Lim  Lim  is equal to
 0 x    



2 
1  tan  4  x    e
 

x  
1  
  

3 9 5 e2
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D)
16 16 4e 4
n
r4 n 3 n 2 5n f ( n )
38. Let  (2r  1)(2r  1) A  B  C  D
= (A, B, C, D,N)
r 1

1
where f (n) is the ratio of two linear polynomials such that Lim f (n ) 
n 2
Find the value of (A+B+C+D).

 n
 x 
Lim  1  tan 4 k , x  0
39. Let f(x) = n  k 1  2  .
1 x 0

The value of f '(0) is
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) does not exist

40. At the end-points and the midpoint of a circular arc AB tangent lines are drawn, and the points A and
B are joined with a chord. Prove that the ratio of the areas of the two triangles thus formed tends to 4
as the arc AB decreases indefinitely.

154
 LIMIT

41. Given a right triangle ABC which is right angled at A with b < c. If ha, wa and ma are its altitude bisector
ma  h a
and median from the vertex A respectively, then find the value of Lim .
b c w a  ha

ln x
42. Let f : [0, )  R be a function satisfying f ( x ) e f ( x )  x 2  x  [0, ). The value of xLim
 f(x)
is
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 2 (D) non-existent
2
1
tan
 n2  n
43. The value of Lim   is
n   n 1
 
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D)
e

1  x  ln x
44. Evaluate: Lim
x 1 1  cos x

2  cos x  1
45. Evaluate: Lim
x  2  
x x  
 2
3
46. Evaluate: Lim (x  27 )1n (x  2)
x 3 x2  9
2
47. Evaluate: Lim x  x ·ln x  ln x  1
x 1 x 1
sin(  cos 2 x )
48. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 x2

49. Evaluate Lim

n 
n2 
n

a  n 1 a a  0, n  N  .

1 1 1 2 1 1 1
50. If an = 1  2
 2
 2
 .......  then bn = 1  2  2  2  ....... has the value equal to
2 3 4 6 3 5 7
2 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 12 16 4
 sin ( n cos 1 x ) 1  cos ( n cos 1 x )  3
51. If Lim    (where n  N) exist and is equal to , then find the
2  2
x 1  1 x 2 1 x 
sum of all possible values of n.

52. Let the equations x3 + 2x2 + px + q = 0 and x3 + x2 + px + r = 0 have two roots in common and the
third root of each equation are represented by  and  respectively.

155
 LIMIT
x log 
 e 1 x , 1  x  0
 a, x0
If f (x) =  2
is continuous at x = 0, then find the value of 2(a + b).
 ln  e x   x 
 b   , 0  x 1
tan x
53. Let {Pn} be a sequence of points determined as in the figure.

Thus | AP1 | = 1, | PnPn + 1| = 2n – 1, and angle APnPn + 1 is a right

angle. Lim
n 
Pn APn 1 equals

   5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 12

54. Suppose that circle of equal diameter are packed tightly in n rows
inside an equilateral triangle. (The figure illustrates the case n=4.) If A
is the area of the triangle and An is the total area occupied by the circles
An
in n rows then  Lim equals
n  A
 2  3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 3 2
p
55. Let L = Lim n 3 n 3  3n 2  2n  1  n 2  2n  3  2n  . If L can be expressed in the form of
n   q
(p, q  N) in the lowest form then find the value of (p + q).

56. Two circles have centres which are 'd' units apart and each has diameter d . For any 'd' let A (d) be
A( d)
the area of the smallest circle that just contains both these circles. Lim 2 equals
d  d

 2  
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 4 4 2

f ( x )  x 2 n g( x )
57. Let f(x) = x2 + ax + 3 and g(x) = x + b, where F(x) = Lim .
n 1  x 2n
If F(x) is continuous at x = 1 and x = – 1 then find the value of (a2 + b2).

156
 LIMIT
8n3   
sin  
 1    2n 
58. Lim 1  2  is equal to
n  n 
(A) 4 (B) e4 (C) 1 (D) 
 P( x ) 
59. P(x) is a polynomial such that P(x) + P(2x) = 5x2 – 18. Then Lim  =
x 3  x  3 

(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 0

60. Let f (x) , g(x) are 2 function defined from [0, 1]  [0, ) be continuous functions such that maximum
value of f (x) is equal to maximum value of g (x) in [0, 1]. Prove that  some c  [0, 1] such f 2(c)
+ 3f (c) = g2(c) + 3g(c).



 


 sin 1 x 2010  x 2010  cos 2010 x
61. Find the value of Lim .
x 0
 
ln 1  x 2010 1  sin 2010 x tan 2 x 
n
n
n 1 1
62. If Lim 2  
   = e– (  N), then find the value .
n 
 k 1 k (k  2) 4 

 tan 2 x  7 
63. Find the value of Lim  .
7  8 sin 2 x  7 
x sin 1  
8

3 
64. If f (x) = Lim x   [cos x ]  n  1  n  3n  1   where [y] denotes largest integer  y,,
2 2
n   2  

then find (a) Lim f ( x ) , (b) Lim f ( x ) .

x 0 
x
2

 n(1x )1x 1 
65. Evaluate : Lim   
x 0  x2 x

2(tan x  sin x )  x 3
66. Evaluate : Lim
x 0 x5

{ x 2 }  e x 2  e x 
1  
 and  = Lim tan   , then (cos  + tan ), equals
67. If  = Lim cos  1
x 0  x 2  2x  2  x   2e x 2  e x 
   
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) does not exist
2 2
[Note : {y} denotes the fractional part function of y.]

157
 LIMIT

n2  n  r
68. Let ar = , where n  N and r = 1, 2, 3, ......., n. If Hn is the harmonic mean of a1, a2,
r
Hn
.....,an then find the value of Lim .
n n

ex
(1  x )1 x  e 
69. If the value limit, Lim 2 = Ae where A and B are coprime, then find the value of
x 0 x2 B
(A + B).
1 2 3
 22 2   33 3   44 4 
70. Let < am > be the m term of the sequence,  2   ,
th  3   ,  4   ,.......
2
1 1  2  3
 3 
The value of Lim (am)1/m is equals to
m 
1 1
(A) e + 1 (B) e – 1 (C) (D)
e 1 e 1
1/ n
71. If nLim
 

  
 (2009) 2010 n  20102009 n 


 is equal to ab where a, b  N then a – b is equal to

(A) 2009 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 0

1
p cos x  xe x
72. If Lim 1 = 0, then which of the following is/are incorrect about p, q?
x 0
1  sin x  q cos x ·e x
(A) p = 0 q R (B) p = 4 q = 2 (C) p = 2 q R (D) p = 0 q = 2

x 4  3 a 2  a 4  x 4 
73. Let L  Lim   , a  0 .If L is finite, then
8
x 0 x

3 3 1 1
(A) a  (B) a  (C) L  (D) L 
2 2 3 9

nxn
1
74. Let xn is defined by 1   = e, then the value of Lim x n , is
 n n 

1 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2
75. The sequence a n n
1 is defined by a1 = 0 and an+1 = an + 4n + 3, n  1.

a n  a 4 n  a 42 n  a 43 n  ......  a 410 n
Find the value of Lim
n  a n  a 2 n  a 22 n  a 23 n  ......   a 210 n .

158
 LIMIT

cos 2x  (1  3x )1 3 3 4 cos3 x  ln (1  x ) 4

76. L = Lim 2 4
x 0 x
If L = a b where 'a' and 'b' are relatively primes find (a + b).

77.  
Let f () = 3 sin  + 2 cos  – 4 (sin   cos ) (1  sin  cos )  sin 2  cos  R.
Also a and b are respectively the minimum and maximum values of f ().
x 2  x[ x ] x 2  x[ x ]
If l1 = Lim and l2 = Lim  where [y] denotes largest integer  y,,
x  [ a ] 2 x  [ x ] x  [b ] 2x  [ x ]

then find the value of (6l1 – l2).

n
 1 
78. If Lim n a n  0 and L = Lim 1   a n  then [ L] has the value equal to
n n    n 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) None
Where [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to y.

en
79. Lim equals
n  n2
 1
1  
 n
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) e (D) e
2

  1 n 
 1   
 n 2 2 ae 2
80. If Lim  n
 e  n = . Find the minimum value of (a + b).
n  1 b
 1   
 
 n 

BC
81. If x is measured in radians and Lim  Ax 2  Bx  Cx  = 2, then the value of equals (A,B,CR)
x    A
1
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) (D) none
2
n  4r 3 
82. Lim   n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  r  equals

n
r 1  
1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 4 3
x sin(sin x )  sin 2 x
83. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 x6

159
 LIMIT
2
 2
84.   x2
Lim  3 sin 1 x  tan 1 x  =
x 0  x 

1 1
(A) e (B) e (C) (D)
e e

  n2  
85. Lim n 2  n 2ln  2   1 is equal to
 
n 
  n 1 
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) 
2
86. Let f (x) = ax + b where a, b are real numbers. Define f 1(x) = f (x) and f n + 1 (x) = f f n ( x ) for every  
positive integers n. If f7 (x) = 128x + 381, find the value of (a + b).

87. A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle of x radians, 0 < x <


as shown in the figure. The point C is the intersection of the two
2
tangent lines at A & B. Let T(x) be the area of triangle ABC & let S(x)
be the area of the shaded region. Compute:
(a) T(x)(b) S(x) & (c) the limit of T (x ) as x  0.
S(x )
88. If p < 0 < q and p, q  I such that
1 1 1 1
1  x  x
 1  2 x 
 1  3x 
2x 3x
 .......  1  nx  nx
 ne p
Lim Lim has the value equal to   e
n   x 0 n 2x q
then find the least value of (p + q).
x 2  ax  b
89. Let a, b be constants such that Lim exist and have the value equal to l. Find the value
x 1 ln (2  x) 2
of (a + b + l).
n
 1 n 1 
90. Consider the sequence an = 1   

 2 k 1 ( 2 k  1)( 2 k  1) 
a n 1
(a) Find Lim a n . (b) Find Lim
n  a
.
n  n

n
 1 1 1 
91. Find Lim    .......   .

n 2 2 2
 n  1 n  2 n  n 

92. If Lim (1  ax  bx 2 ) 2 / x  e3 , then find a and b.

x 0

160
 LIMIT
1
 P(x )  x sin( x )
93. Let Lim 1  4  exists and is equal to e8. Find P(x), where P(x) is least degree
x 0  x 
polynomial.

94. If Lim a sin x 3 sin 2x is finite then find the value of 'a' & the limit.
x 0 tan x

Paragraph for question nos. 95 to 97

n
 x
Let f(x) = Lim  cos
n   n 
 n 
 
 , g(x) = lim 1  x  x n e n . Now, consider the function

y = h(x), where h(x) = tan–1 (g–1 f–1 (x)).

Lim ln( f (x ))
95. x 0 is equal to
ln( g (x ))
(A) 1/2 (B) – 1/2 (C) 0 (D) 1

96. Domain of the function y = h(x) is

(A) (0, ) (B) R (C) (0, 1) (D) [0, 1]

97. Range of the function y = h(x) is :

       
(A)  0,  (B)   , 0  (C) R (D)   , 
 2  2   2 2
x
 xA 
98. If Lim   = 5, then A equals
x   x  2 A 

1 1 5
(A) ln 5 (B) ln 5 (C) 5 (D) e
3 3
sin(ax )  bx
99. If Lim = 36, then
x 0 x3
(A) a = 6, b = – 6 (B) a = – 6, b = 6 (C) a = 6, b = 6 (D) a = – 6, b = – 6
n
 n2  n  3 
100. If the value of n    2
Lim  is equal to p , then the value of p is

 n  3n  5  e2
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

161
 LIMIT

1
x 2 tan   x
101. Lim x equals
x  1 | x |
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D) does not exist
    
102. Lim (n ) ·ln  tan    equals
n   4 n 
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 4

x  sin x  x cos x  tan x

103. If Lim exists and is non-zero finite value, then the value of n is
x0 xn
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
5(1  cos x  4 sin 1 x  sin 2 x )
104. Lim equals
x0 (10 tan 1 x  x 2  x 4 )
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
 1 4 9 n 2  sin 2x
105. If  = Lim 
 3
 3
 3
 ......  3  and  = Lim , then
n   n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1  x  0 sin 8x

the quadratic equation whose roots are ,  is
(A) 12x2 – 7x + 1 = 0 (B) x2 + 19x – 120 = 0
2
(C) x – 17x + 66 = 0 (D) x2 – 7x + 12 = 0
e{x}  {x}  1
106. Lim equals, where { } denotes the fractional part function and I is an integer..
x I  {x}2
(A) 1/2 (B) e – 2 (C) 2 – e (D) 1

Paragraph for question nos. 107 & 108


Consider the function f ( x )  min 1, x 2 n , x 2 n 1 , n  N . 
107. The natural number n, for which Lim
27 x

 9 x  3x  1 cos x  e xis a finite non zero number, is
x 0 f (x )
equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
e tan f ( x )   e sin f ( x ) 
108. Lim , is equal to
x 0 tan f ( x )   sin f ( x ) 

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) does not exist.

ln (cos 3x ) sin 2 3x x x
109. Let l1 = Lim ; l2 = Lim x ; l3 = Lim , then find the value of
x 0 2x 2 x 0 x (1  e ) x 1 ln x

(2l1 – l2 + l3).

162
 LIMIT
110. Let a1 = 1 and an = sin a n 1   n > 1, n  N

2 2a n  21 a n ·3a n  32a n

If Lim an a n = – a ln2 a then, find the value of 3a.
n  cos a n  1  e e

ln cosec(x) 0  x  1 2f ( x)  1

111. If f(x) =  3 and g( x )  f ( x ) then find tan–1(g(1–)) and sec–1(g(1+)).
l n sin( 2 x  ) 1  x  3  1
2
p
112. Let f (x) = x – [x], then the value of Lim f  n 2  n  1  n  I, equals (where p & q are coprime).
n   q
The value of (p + q) is equal to
[Note: [k] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal to k.]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
e x sin( 2007) x  1
113. and M = Lim x 2 x   x 3  x 2  1  x 3  x 2  1  
3 3
Let L = Lim
x 0 x ln (1  x ) x    
then find the value of LM.
BC
114. If x is measured in radians and Lim  Ax 2  Bx  Cx  = 2, the the value of equals (A,B,CR)
x    A
1
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) (D) none
2
sin 2 x 1
115. Let a and b be two positive real numbers such that Lim ax
exists and is equal to . If the
x 0 e  bx  1 2
2 2 2 2
circles x + y + ax + by + 1 = 0 and x + y + 4x + 6y + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, then find the
value of k.

Paragraph for question nos. 116 to 118

sin 1 (1  {x})  cos 1 (1  {x})
Let f(x) = where {x} denotes fractional part of x.
2{x}  (1  {x})
116. L = Lim f(x) is equal to
x 0

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2 2 2
117. R = Lim f(x) is equal to
x  0¯

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2 2 2

118. Which of the following is not true ?

(A) cos L < cos R (B) tan (2L) > tan R (C) sin L > sin R (D) tan (2L) < tan R

163
 LIMIT

4n 
119. If Lim exists and is equal to p (p  0) where    0,  , then find the value
n
4  3  2 sin   n2
 2

 p  cos  
of   .
 p 
cos(  x )  e nx · sin( x  1)
120. Let f (x) = Lim , then which one of the following is correct?
n 1  e  nx · ( x  1)
(A) The value of f(1) is equal to zero.
(B) The value of f(0+) is equal to – sin 1.
(C) The value of f(0–) is equal to – 1.
 
(D) The value of f (0  )  f (0  ) is equal to 1 sin 1 .
121. Column-I Column-II

(A) If Lim  x 2  x  1  ax  b   0 , where a > 0, (P) y = – 3

x   
then there exists at least one a and b for which point (a, 2b)
lies on the line.
(1  a 3 )  8e x
(B) If Lim  2 , then there exists at least one a and b (Q) 3x – 2y – 5 = 0
x  1  (1  b3 )e x
for which point (a, b3) lies on the line.
(C) If Lim ( x 4  x 2  1 – ax2 – b) = 0, when there exists at least (R) 15x – 2y – 11=0
x 
one a and b for which point (a, 2b) lies on the line.
Lim x7  a 7
(D) If x  a = 7, where a < 0, then there exists at least (S) y = 2
xa
one a for which point (a, 2) lies on the line.

122. The value of the Lt


sin 5x 5  4x 4  3x 3  2x 2  , is equal to
x 0
 
ln cos x 3  x 
(A) – 1 (B) – 2 (C) – 3 (D) – 4

123. The sequence a n  1 , n  N is an arithmetical progression and d is its common difference.

 d2   d 2   d2  1
If Lim 1  2  1  2  ...... 1  2  converges to and a1 = 8, then find the value of d.
n     a  4
 a1   a 2   n 

124. A triangle ABC whose sides are represented by three straight lines L1 = 0, L2 = 0 and L3 = 0 which are
given as,
n
4
L1 : y – Lim
n  n2
 [r x]  3 = 0
r 1

164
 LIMIT
3
L2 : Obtained from L1 by rotating it through an angle of  cot1 (i) in anti clockwise sense about the
i 2
point whose abscissa is 2.
 
2
L3 : y = 1  Lim     sin   x 
 0 
where [x] denote the largest integer less than or equal to x.
Find the sum of tangents of interior angles of the triangle.

  (tan x ) 2 n  x 2 
   Lim  , x0
125. Let f :  ,   R, be defined as f(x) = n   sin 2 x  (tan x ) 2n 
 .
 2 2 1,
 x 0
Which of the following holds good?
           
(A) f   = f   (B) f   = f  
  4 
 4   4   4   

     
(C) f   = f   (D) f(0+) = f(0–) = f(0)
  4 
 4   
1/ x
 f (x) 
126. If Lim 1  x    e3 , then find the function f(x) of least degree. Also find the coefficient of x2.
x 0  x 

 sec 2   12 sec   11

127. If a2 = Lim  
 
 sec   1 
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the possible value(s) of a is(are)
(A)  10 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) – 3

 
128. If L = Lim 
1

1  then find the value of L  153 .
x 0  ln (1  x )
 ln ( x  1  x 2 )  L

 tan 1 x 
x  n tan  

 n  (n N). Find the value of 10
2  f (n )
129. Let f(n) = Lim 1  1  f (n ) . [Ans. 770]
x 0  tan x 
n sin  x

n 1

 n 

 100 
  ( x  2k ) m 
 
130. If m N, then the value of Lim  k 1m 1000  is
 x 5
x 

 
 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 100 (D) 1000

165
 LIMIT

131. The value of Lim


sin 1  ln x  sin 1 
is equal to
x 1 ln x

1 1
(A) cos 1 (B) cos1 (C) cos1 (D) 2 cos 1
2 4
2x  2 g(x )
132. Let f (x) = and g (x) = x  x . The value of Lim f ( x )  equals
2x  1 x 

1 3
(A) e2 (B) e (C) e2 (D) 1

 ln   1cos   
  1
 1 x 
133. 1
If l  Lim x  tan x  5  tan ( x  1)  e  
 , then l is
x   
 
(A) – 2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0
[Note: [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to y.]
 ln{ x }
 cot 1 ln{x} 
134. The value of Lim   is equal to
x  0 
  

[Note: where { } denotes fractional part function.]
1 1 2 2
(A) e  (B) e  (C) e  (D) e 
Paragraph for question nos. 135 & 136

x 2  2( x  1) 2n 1  
 sin 1  2f ( x )   .
Let f ( x )  Lim , n  N and g ( x )  tan  1  f (x)  
n ( x  1) 2n  1  x 2  1 2 2
  
135. If x  (– 2, 0) then range of g(x) is
 4  40   5  25 
(A)  0,  (B)  0,  (C)  0,  (D)  0, 
5  9   4  16 
sin( x  3) · g( x )
136. Lim is equal to
x  3 x 2  4x  3
1
(A) 0 (B) – 2 (C) (D) non-existent
2

3n sin sin .......sin( x ) 

  
 
n
2 cos x  2  2 n cos x
137.
n times
Let f ( x )  Lim ,
n
3n  sin x  2 cos x  2 
n

if l  Lim f ( x ) and m  Lim f (x ) then find the value of l2 + m2.

 
 
x x
4 4

166
 LIMIT
138. If a point P(x, y) lies on the curve y = f(x) such that
 1 1 1 
 tan x  tan  tan 1 3 
 y  sin–1 (y – 2) exists,
Lim
( x , y )  (1, 2 )  ( x  1)( y  2 ) 
 
 

f 1 ( x )
then find 10 Lim .
x  (3x  1)
1
3

 k
  1  15
139. If L   1  2n  and M   . Then value of L + 4M.
n0  2

 k
k 1 5  3
k

5k  1  3k  1 
140. Let f (x) = x – [x], where [x] denotes gratest integer function,
 2  p
then the value of Lim f  n  n  1  n  I, equals , (where p & q are coprime).
n   q
The value of p + q is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
n
 1 
141. If Lim n a n  0 and L = Lim 1   a n  then [ L] has the value equal to
n n  n 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) None
Where [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to y.
  x     x  
sin   cosec2    sec   cosec2   
 2   2 
142. Lim  2
 is equal to
x 1 ln x

 2 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 4 8

Paragraph for question nos. 143 & 144

Consider a circle x2 + y2 = a2 and a point P on it in 1st quadrant. Another circle is drawn concentric
with the given circle and radius is 'b' more than the x-co-ordinate of point P. This circle intersects
positive x-axis at Q and line OP at R (where O is the origin).
Length of arc QR
143. If angle subtended by arc QR at origin is '' and Lim = l (where l is a non zero
0 n
finite quantity, n  0) then the value of (a + n + l) for b = 1 is equal to
5 7 9 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
144. If from a point M on the x-axis perpendicular is dropped on the line OP with foot of perpendicular as
MN  Length of arc QR
N and if Lim = K (where k is a non zero finite quantity) then co-
 0 3

167
 LIMIT

ordinates of M for b = 2 is equal to

(A) (–1 – a, 0) (B) (– 2 – a, 0) (C) (– a, 0) (D) (1 + a, 0)

Paragraph for question nos. 145 & 146

Let a function y = f (x) is represented parametrically by the equations x = e2t – 2et + 3, y = et – 1
where t  (– , 0]. One more function g(x) is defined such that (gof)–1(x) = f–1o g–1(x) = x
 x  domain of f (x).

145. Identify the incorrect statement(s) for the function y = g(x).

(A) g(x) = 2 + x2  x  (– 1, 0] (B) g(x) is an even function
(C) g(x) is an odd function (D) odd extension of g(x) in (0, 1) is, g(x) = – (2 + x2)
9  4g ( x )
146. The value of Lim is equal to
x 
1
2
sin 1
2x  1   cos 2x  1
1

2 4 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
   
3x 2  ax  a  1
147. f (x) = then which of the following can be correct?
x2  x  2
(A) Lim f ( x ) exists  a = – 2 (B) Lim f ( x ) exists  a = 13
x1 x 2

(C) Lim f ( x ) = 4/3 (D) Lim f ( x ) = – 1/3

x1 x 2

148. Let f ( x )  x  x 2  2 x and g ( x )  x 2  2 x  x , then

(A) Lim g( x )  1 (B) Lim f ( x )  1 (C) Lim f (x )  1 (D) Lim g( x )  1
x  x  x  x 

149. Let f : R+  A (where A is co-domain of a non empty set) be a function defined as

2a a
f (x) = Lim x  3x  2 . Find the number of elements in A for which f is surjective.
a   x 2a  x a  1

    
150. Lim n ln  tan    equals
n   4 n 
 
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 2
4 2
sin   sin   sin  cos   cos  cos 
151. If ,  and  be three distinct real values such that = cos(    ) = 2
sin(     )

x2  a2
and cos( + ) + cos( + ) + cos( + ) = a, then find the value of Lim .
x a xa  x  a

168
 LIMIT


  1  cos m x  
152. If Lim sin  n
 exists and is non-zero where m, n  N then

x 0  x 
(A) m = 1 ; n = 1 (B) m = 1 ; n = 2 (C) m = 2 ; n = 2 (D) m = 3 ; n = 2
n
 1
e1    1
n
153. If Lim  exist and is equal to non-zero constant c, then find the value of 24(c – ).
n  n

 1   1 
x 5 cos 2   x 6 sin    7
154. The value of Lim  x   x  is
5
x  | x | 6 | x | 7

 1  2
(A) ( + 1) (B) – (1 +) (C)  1   (D)  1  
   
1  8k  k 2
 k 4n 
155. The value of Lim   
4  is equal to
k 
 n 1 1  4n 
1 1 2
(A) e (B) (C) (D)
e 2e e

 a 3  2a  3   4a 3  5a 2  6a  3 
156. Consider, f(x) = x2 
– 4(p – 1)  2 
 x  
 2
 and g(x) = Lim f ( x ) . If the

 a  2 a  3   a  2 a  3  a1

set of values of p is [, ] for which Lim sgn  g ( x )  exists for all k  R, then find the value of ( +
xk
).
1
  sin   x   sin   x x    
157. If 0   ,    , lim    1 then the value of tan   is
x 0  2   3 
 
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 3
3 2


 tan 1 x
158. Lim 2 is equal to
x   1
ln  1  
 x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
n
 1  1 
159. Lim  1  3  1 2  is equal to
n 
r2  r   r  r 1 

2 1 3
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 2
169
 LIMIT

160. Lim (sin–1[sin x] + cos–1[cos x] – 2 tan–1[tan x]) is equal to

x 0
[Note: [k] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal to k.]
 3
(A)  (B) (C) (D) does not exist
2 2

ANSWER KEY
1
1. 0000 2. 0041 3. C 4. 4r 5. 6. Lim x = 2L
2 0
7. 2 8. 45 9. C 10. 16 11. 200 12. D
13. 10 14. 0001 15. B 16. B 17. 3 18. 1
19. 4 20. 2 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. C
26. C 27. C 28. 3 29. B 30. C 31. C
32. ABCD 33. 48 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B
1
38. 84 39. C 40. 4 41. 4 42. B 43. B 44.
2
21n2
45. 46. 9 47. 2 48.  49. ln a 50. A

51. 0001 52. 9 53. C 54. C 55. 5 56. C
57. 17 58. B 59. A 61. 0335 62. 0002 63. 0008
3 1
64. Lim  and Lim  0 . 65. 1/2 66. 67. A
 2  4
x x
2 2
68. 2 69. 35 70. C 71. C 72. ABC 73. BD
74. B 75. 683 76. 19 77. 0009 78. C 79. D
80. 5 81. A 82. A 83. 1/18 84. D 85. B
1 x x sinx 1 1 3
86. 5 87. T(x) = tan2 . sin x or tan  , S(x) = x  sin x, limit =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
5
88. 0003 89. 0 90. (a) DNE; (b) 91. e4 92. a = 3/2 and b  R
4
4 7
93. P(x) =x 94. a = 2 ; limit = 1 95. B 96. C 97. D
3
98. B 99. B 100. D 101. A 102. C 103. C 104. C
105. A 106. B 107. A 108. B 109. 4 110. 2 112. C
113. 446 114. A 115. 9 116. A 117. B 118. B 119. 9
120. D 121. (A) Q ; (B) P, Q, R ; (C) Q ; (D) S 122. D 123. 6 124. 6
125. BCD 126. 2, 2x2 127. CD 128. 307 129. 770 130. C 131. B
132. C 133. A 134. B 135. A 136. C 137. 2 138. 3
139. 5 140. C 141. C 142. C 143. A 144. B
145. BCD 146. D 147. ABCD 148. AC 149. 3 150. D 151. 2
152. BD 153. 12 154. C 155. B 156. 2 157. D 158. A
159. C 160. B
170
 SOLUTIONS LIMIT

 
1. tan(2 | sin  | ) = tan   | cos  | 2 
2 

2 | sin  | = n + – | cos  | 2
2

2 ( | sin  | + | cos  | ) = n +
2
n 1
| sin  | + | cos  | = + ....(1)
2 4
n 1
since 1  | sin  | + | cos  |  2; 1 2 + 4  2
4  2n + 1  4 2

3 4 2 1
n ; Thus n = 2 is only possible value.
2 2
5
putting in (i) | sin  | + | cos  | =
4
  4 x 
g (x) = Lim  2   = 0 Ans.
x    5  
 

r  16 2n  1 
2.  = rlim  tan 1  4 2 

n 1  2n  1  4 2n  1  16 

  1 
r  2 n   
1   2 
= rlim

 tan  4 2  {Dividing numerator and denominator by 16}
n 1 1   n  1    n  1  
   
2 

2  

  2 2
1  1    1  1   
  n     n      n     n    
r
1   2  2    2  2   
lim
= r   tan  2 2  {Using : n4–n2 = (n2–n) (n2 + n)}
n 1   1  1  1  1  
1   n  2    n  2  n  2    n  2  
   

 2 2
r 
1  1  1   
1  1  1  
lim
= r    tan 

n  
2 
  n   
2  
 tan 

n  
2 
  n   
2  
n 1 
 
 
 
 xy 
{Using : tan–1  1  xy  = tan–1x – tan–1 y  x, y > 0}
 

171
 LIMIT

r 
 1  9 3  1  9 3   1  25 5  1  25 5   1 49 7 
= r   tan  4  2   tan  4  2   tan  4  2   tan  4  2  + tan   
lim
n 1             4 2
2 2
7 
1  49
 1  1  1  
1  1  1 
 tan    + .... + tan  r     r    tan  r     r  
 4 2    2  2   2  2 


 1  15   3    35   15    63   35 
= rlim   tan    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  
 
 4  4    4  4    4  4 

 1  1  2 1 
2
1    1  1   1 
+ ....+ tan  r  2   tan  r  2    tan  r  2    r  2 
          

 2  
1  1  1  1  3 
lim
= r    tan  r     r     tan    =  tan 1  3  = cot 1  3 
  2   2  4
   2  4 4

3 5 4 a
 cot  =  cosec  = 1  cot 2  =  sin  = =
4 4 5 b
 (a2 + b2 )least = 42 + 52 = 16 + 25 = 41 Ans.]

1
3. Lim n
(dividing Nr and Dr by n · 3n)
n (x  2) 1
n
 3
3 n
1
for Lim
n 
to be equal to
3
n
1  x2
Lim  0 (which is True) and Lim    0.
n n n  3 
x2
–1< < 1  – 3 < (x – 2) < 3  – 1 < x < 5  (–1, 5). Ans.
3

AP
4. cos(90° – ) =
2r T 2r sin A

90°–/2 90°–
AT = AP = 2r sin  ....(1) = AT in 
P 2 rs
90°–/2 90°

   AQ AQ C
now in ATQ tan  90   = =
 2  AT 2r sin 
/2


 /2
(AQ) = 2r sin  · cot
2
Q

172
 LIMIT

  cos( 2) 
Lim AQ  Lim 2r ·2 sin cos = Lim 4r cos 2 = 4r Ans.
P A  0 2 2 sin(  2)  0 2

  n2  
5. Lim n 2  n 2ln  2   1 .
 
n 
  n 1 
1
Putting n = , we get
x

given limit = xLim

1 2
 l n
 1  
   1= Lim

x 2  ln (1  x 2 ) 
0 x2  x2  x2 1   x  0 x4

 x4 
x 2   x 2   ........
 2  = 1 Ans.
= Lim
x0 x4 2

h h
6. CD = h; tan  = ; tan 2 =
x Lx
now x tan  = (L – x) tan 2
x(tan  + tan 2) = L tan 2
 tan 2 
x=  L
 tan   tan 2 

 tan 2 
 2 
2
x =  tan  L
tan 2 
  2
 
  2 

2L
Lim x  Ans.
 0 3
h C
Now, tan  = ......(1)
x h
h A  B D
tan 2 = ......(2) 2 x–L
xL x
on equate h, we get
x tan  = (x – L) tan 2q
L tan 2 = x(tan 2 – tan )
L sin 2
x=
tan 2  tan 
 Lim x = 2L Ans.
 0

173
 LIMIT

 x 2  x  1  4 x 2  x  2   9x 2  x  3   n 2x 2  x  n 
7. f (x) =  2  2  2   .......   2 
 x  1   2 x  1   3x  1   nx  1 

 x   x   x   x 
= 1  2    2  2   3  2   .......  n  nx 2  1
 x  1  2 x  1   3x  1   
 x   x   x   x 
= 1  2  .......  n   2    2    2   .......   nx 2  1
 x  1   2 x  1   3x  1   

x 1 1
for x > 0, 2
 
x 1 1 2
x
x
x 1 1
2
 
2x  1 1 2 2
2x 
x
  
x 1 1
2
 
nx  1 1 2 n
nx 
x

 x   x   x 
  x 2  1   2x 2  1  ............   nx 2  1 = 0
     
n ( n  1)
f (x) =
2

   n (n  1) 
   n 
f ( x )  n 2
Now, Lim  3
 = Lim 
2 2 3

n  2 n ( n  2)  n    n (n  1) n ( n  2) 
 f ( x )      
 4   4 4 

 n2  n 1   n2  n 1 
   
= Lim  2  = Lim  2  = 2 Ans.
n    n 2 ( n 2  2n  1) 3
n ( n  2)  n    n 2 
    
 4 4   4 

5
8. We have f(x) = 1 – x3 and g5(x) =
1 1 1
  ...... 
f ( x ) f ( 2x ) f ( 5x )

5
1
1 1
1  g5 ( x )  ...... 
Lim f (x) f (5 x )
Now, = Lim
x 0 x3 x 0 x 3

174
 LIMIT

 1   1   1 
  1    1  ......    1
 f ( x )   f (2 x )   f (5x ) 
= xLim
0  1 1 1 1 1 
x 3      
 f (x ) f (2 x ) f (3x ) f (4 x ) f (5x ) 

1  f (x )   1  f (2 x )   ....... 1  f (5x )
f (x) f (2 x ) f ( 5x ) 13  23  33  43  53
= xLim =
0 5x 3 5

2
 5(5  1) 
 
 2 
= = 45. Ans.
5

1
9. f() =
tan9 

(1  tan )10  ( 2  tan )10  ....  ( 20  tan )10  20 tan  . 
Lim f () = 10 (1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + 20)


2

20  21
= 10 × = 2100. Ans.
2


(k  1) 2  k  1
10. S= 
k0 2k

(k  1) 2 
k 
1
S=  2 k +  2 k +  2k
k0 k0 k0

12 2 2 2 42
S1 =     ...... 
1 2 2 2 23
1 2 3 4
S2 =  2  3  4  ....... 
2 2 2 2
1
S3 = 2
1
1
2

12 22 32 4 2
Now, S1 =     ......
1 2 22 23

S1 12 2 2 32
=     ......
2 2 2 2 23

175
 LIMIT

S1 3 5 7
= 1   2  3  .....
2 2 2 2
S1 1 3 5
=   2  3  .....
4 2 2 2

S1 2 2 2
= 1   2  3  .....
4 2 2 2
S1 1
= 1 3
4 1
1
2
 S1 = 12
1 2 3 4
S2 =  2  3  4  .....
2 2 2 2
S2 1 2 3
=  2
 3
  .....
2 2 2 24

S2 1 1 1
=  2  3  .....
2 2 2 2
S2 = 2
S = S1 + S2 + S3 = 12 + 2 + 2 = 16 Ans.

n
1 x 
11. S=  2n tan 2n 1 ; x=
n 1 4
Since tan x = cot x – 2cot 2x .......(1)
1 1
 tan x = cot x – cot 2x
2 2
1 x
2
tan = 1 cot x  1 cot x
2 2 22 2 22
: :
: :
1 x 1  x  1  x 
n
tan n 1 = n cot  n 1   n 1 cot  n  2 
2 2 2 2  2 2 

  x  
 cot  n 1  
 2 
 S=  cot 2 x
 2n 
 
 

176
 LIMIT

 1  
S =  n tan n 1  cot 2 x
2 2 

1 x 1  x  
Lim S =  · n 1 · cot  n 1   cot 2 x
n 2 2 x  2  

1 
S= – cot 2x put x =
2x 4
2
S=

2
 (100)L = 100 · = 200. Ans.


12. f (x) = Lim

  
x n a  sin( x n )  b  sin( x n ) 
n  
(1  x n ) sec tan 1 ( x n  x n )
for continuity at x = 1
Lim f ( x ) must exist and equals f (1)
x1

1n (a  sin 1n )  b  sin(1n ) a  sin 1  b  sin 1 a  b

f (1) = Lim = =

n   (1  1n )·sec tan 1 (1n  1 n ) 
2 sec(tan 1 2) 2 5
Now for x > 1 in the immediate neighbourhood
b  sin x n
a  sin( x n )  a  (some quantity between 1 and  1)  0
f (x) = Lim xn = =0
1  1·sec(tan1  )
n 
1 n n
1  n  sec tan ( x  x )
 x 

|||ly for x < 0 in the immediate neighbourhood = 0
b
f (x) = =0
1·sec(tan 1  )
Hence f (x) = 0 for x  1  Lim f (x) = 0 = a + b
x 1

(1  cosn x ) (tan x  sin x )m  1  cosn x   tan x  sin x  m  x 3m  2 

13. Lim = 1  Lim  2
 ·
  3  · n  = 1
x 0 xn x 0
 x  x   x 
 3m + 2 = n .......(1)
n
and, =1
m 1 .......(2)
2
 3m + 2 = 2m + 1
So, m = 2 and n = 8 (minimum values).

177
 LIMIT

14. For existence of limit,

Lim f ( x )  Lim f ( x ) y
x  , x  ,
xQ xR  Q
2
Thus,  must be root of the equation – 2 –1 O 3
x
x 3 – 2x = x2 – 2 – 2 1 2
x2 (x – 1) – 2(x – 1) = 0 3

 x = 1 or x = 2 or x = – 2
Sum of all the values of  = 1. Ans. intersection of
3 points

(1  cos x ) 1
15. Lim = .
x 0 x 2

1  cos(1  cos x )1  cos(1  cos x ) (1  cos x ) 2 1 m

Lim 4
= Lim 2 4 = 
x 0 x x 0 (1  cos x ) x 8 n
 m2 + n2 = 12 + 82 = 65  sum of the digits = 11. Ans.

 m6  m6
16. L(m) = – m  6 and Lim .
m 0 m
 m6  m6 1 1 1
Lim = Lim
m 0 2  m  6
 = Ans.
m 0 m 2 m6 6

17. f(x) = | cos (2 (2x– [2x])) | + | sin (2 (2x – [2x]) | = | cos (4x) | + | sin (4x) |
1
 period of f(x) =
8

cos x, 0  x 1
cos xn  x 2n sin( x  2) 
g(x) = Lim =   sin ( x  2)
n  1  x 2n1  , 1 x  
x
 1 m
Lim g( x ) = Lim cos x = cos = =
x 2  x 1 4 4 2 n
 m = 1, n = 2
 (m + n) = 3. Ans.

1
18. 2 = 90 –
2
2
3 = 90 –
2
  

178
 LIMIT

n1
n = 90 –
2
n 1
Now let Lim i =   Lim n = 90 – Lim
n  n  2
i 

 3  
 = 90 –
2

2
= 90°   = 60° =
3
  3  = 1 Ans.

sin 2 h
19. Limit f (0 + h) = Limit e 1 sin 2h . (2h)
h 0 h  0 ln (1  tan 9h) sin 2h . (2h )

esin 2 h  1 sin 2h 2h
= Limit . Limit Limit =(1).(1)
h 0 sin 2h h  0 2h h  0 ln (1  tan 9h )

2h 2h 2
Limit = Limit 
h 0 tan 9h ln (1  tan 9h ) cot 9h
h 0 tan 9h 9

ln (1  2 sin 2 h ) 2 sin 2 h
Limit f (0 – h) = Lim . Lim
h 0 h 0 2 sin 2 h h  0 ln 2 (1  sin 3h )

2 sin 2 h 2
= Lim 2
=
h 0
 ln (1  sin 3h )  9
sin 3 3h 
  sin 3h 
2
since f (0+) = f(0–) = hence limit exist.
9
Therefore it is possible to define f (0) such that Limit f (x) = 2 = f (0)
h 0
9
2 2 4
 9 [f (0+) + f (0–)] = 9    = 9 × = 4. Ans.
9 9 9

 3
20. 3 sin n + cos n = 0 or tan n =
3
 (6k  1) 
n = + k or k =
6 6n
k (6k  1) 
So, =
2 12n
n n
k (6k  1) 
Let A =  cos 2
=  cos 12n
k 1 k 1


multiply with 2 sin
4n

179
 LIMIT

n
 (6k  1)   (3n  1)   
 2 sin 4n cos 12n
= – sin
6n
 sin
6n
= cos  sin
k 1 6n 6n

 
cos  sin
Then A = 6n 6n

3 sin
4n

 h h   h 
 cos 6  sin 6   cos 6 
Lim h ·  = Lim h · –0
h 0 h h 0 h 
 3 sin   2 sin 
 4   4 

h 1 2
= Lim = Lim = .
h 0 h h 0 h  
2 sin 2 cos ·
4 4 4
Paragraph for Question no. 21 to 23

Sol 21 to 23
P(x) = x5 – 9x4 + px3 – 27x2 + qx + r
 P(x) is divisible by x2
 q=r=0
P(x) = x5 – 9x4 + px3 – 27x2

P( x )
= x3 – 9x2 + px – 27 = 0 
x2

, ,  R+
 +  +  = 9,  = 27

A.M. of , ,  = =3
3
G.M. of , ,  = ()1/3 = (27)1/3 = 3
 A.M. = G.M. =  = 
 3 = 9  = 3 =  = 
p =  +  +  = 27

21. p + q + r = 27 + 0 + 0 = 27

22.  – 1 = 2,  + 3 = 6,  + 7 = 10
 Sn = 2 + 6 + 10 + ....... to n terms = 2 (1 + 3 + 5 + ...... to n terms) = 2n2
   
1 1 1 1 1  1 1
Now,  Sn · Sn 1
=  2 2
=
2
 n ( n  1)
=
2
  n  1  n 
n 2 n 2 2n ·2 (n  1) n 2 n 2

1 1 1 1 1  
=      .......  = . Ans.
2 1 2 2 3  2

180
 LIMIT

 1 1 1 1 
23. Lim     ........  
n 
{ q = r = 0}
n  27 ( 27) 2 ( 27 ) 3
( 27 )
 

1
1 1 1 27 = 1 . Ans.
=  2
 3 + .......  =
27 (27) (27) 1 26
1
27
24. In right viccinity of x =  cot x  +  2cot x, 3cot x, 5cot x  
In left viccinity of x =  cot x  –   2cot x, 3cot x, 5cot x  0
cot x cot x
2 3 2
    5
5 5 5 cot x 5
 R.H.L. Lim cot x cot x = = 5. O /2  /2
x 4 3 1 1
    1
5 5 5 cot x

2cot x  3cot x  5 · 5cot x  2 2

L.H.L Lim cot x cot x cot x = = 2  l = D.N.E. Ans.
x  4 2 5 1 1

x 3 tan 2 x x 3 tan 2 x
25. f (0) = Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim
= x 0
x0 x 0 3 3 3
esin x  e x sin x  1 (x  sin x ) ( x 2  sin 2 x  x sin x )
 

tan 2 x
x2 1
= x  sin x x 2  sin 3 x  x sin x = 1 = 2 Ans.
·  3
x3 x2 6

e e e  2  e  eex  1  2 
26.  = 1 = 4x  ex  ( –  form)

4x 2 x e ex  1  4x  eex  1 
 e  1  
e 2 (eex  1) e 2
= = . Ans.
8 ex 8
 1 1   1 1
27. Lim    = Lim 
h 0  ln (1  h )
 
x 1  l n x x 1 h
h  ln (1  h ) h
= Lim Lim
h 0 h2 h  0 ln (1  h )

Put ln (1 + h) = t
1 + h = et

181
 LIMIT

et 1  t et 1 t
l = Lim = Lim ....(1)
t 0
 et 1  2
2 t 0 t2
 
 t  ·t
 

et 1  t
Also l = Lim ....(2)
t 0 t2
add (1) and (2)
et  et  2 e 2 t  2e t  1
2l = Lim = Lim
t 0 t2 t 0 t2
2
 et 1  1
= Lim   = 2l  l = .

h 0
 t  2

28. f(x) = 2 0 < x < 1

0 x=1
1 x>1
 Range of f = {0, 1, 2} = A. (for surjective)
 Number of elements in A = 3. Ans.

 ln x
 cot 1 ln x  
29. L = Lim   (1)
x 0  
  

 1 
tan 1   
 ln x 
 cot 1 ln x     Lim
Lim   lnx  cot 1  lnx  x  0    1   1
   Lim lnx   ln x 
x 0   x 0  
= e 
=e = e   = e

 x 1 1
 ·  

 L.H.L. = f (0 )  e  x  e 

1


f (0 )  f (0 )  e   = k Ans.

1
e tan x  esin
1
x
tan 1 x  sin 1 x  tan 1 x  sin 1 x  x3 
30. Lim = Lim Lim 
= x 0   
3  tan x  sin x 
x 0 e tan x  esin x x 0 tan x  sin x  x  

 3  3 
 x  x   x  x 
 3  3!   x3
Lim  · 1
= x 0 x3  x 3  x 3 =  2 = – 1 Ans.]
x    x   2
 3   3! 


182
 LIMIT


 e x 2  1  1  cos 2x 
31. Lim  
1
x 0
2
x 2 ln (sec x ) x
2
ex 1 1  cos x 1
limit of Nr = Lim 2
 Lim 2
· =1+1=2
x0 x x0 x 1  cos 2 x
1
2 1 1
Limit of Dr = Lim ln (sec x ) x = Lim 2
(sec x  1) 
x0 x0 x 2

2 ·2
 l= = 4. Ans.
1
1n   1 1 2  12
k 1  1
a  1    1  1  
32. Lim n  ·  n 
n
 1n  n   n  2  

 1 1
n k 1  
Lim n2 n 1 n k 1 (2)
1 2 1 2
ln a n  1   1  = 2 ln a Lim
n   n ( n  2)
1    1  
 n  n2
Now analyse.
1 1
2 x
(1  3x  2 x ) 2 x
 (1  3x  2 x ) 0
33. L = Lim  
x0 x 0

 1   1 
(1  3x  2x 2 ) x  e 3   (1  3x  2 x 2 ) x  e 3 
   
= Lim
x0 x

1 1
2 x
2 x
(1  3x  2x ) e 3
(1  3x  2 x )  e3
= Lim – Lim = L1 – L2
x0 x x0 x

ln (1 3x  2 x 2 ) x (3  2 x ) 2
3 2 x 
e x  e3 e 2  e3
L1 = Lim = Lim
x0 x x0 x

 2 x  x 3 2 x 2 ..... 
e 2  1  9 5 3
= Lim e 3   = e3 2  2  = 2 e
x0 x  
 
 

 k = 4. Hence 12k = 48. Ans.

 13 3
And L2 = e , L = 4e3
2

183
 LIMIT

1
(1  x) x  e x  e 1  n (1  x )
ex  e  ex
34. Limit
l = x0 1
sin x Limit
= x0
.x x
x
 x )1 / x  1
 n(1 
 
e e s  1  e x
  es  1 Limit  n (1  x)  1 + e
1/ x
= Limit   = e . Limit .
x0 s0 x0
x s x
Let 1 + x = ez  as x  0 ; z  0

z 1
Limit ez  1 z  ez  1 z  ez  1
= e . z0 +e = e . Limit 2 +e = e . Limit 2 +e
ez  1 z0
 e z  1  . z 2
z0
z
 z 
 z  e z  1 2  ez  e  z  ez  ez  2 
l = Limit 2  2l = =  
z0
z z2  z2 

1  e 2  1  2 
 l =  =     =1
2  z  
 
e e
Hence Limit =  +e =
2 2

Sol. 35 to 37

35. If , then a  0

 P(x) = bx + c
Now, P(2) = 2b + c = 9 and P'(3) = b = 5  c = – 1  P(x) = 5x – 1
x  5 x 15 x 5  4
Lim  x
 5x  1  5 x 5 
Now, Lim   (1 form) = e x  = e5
x    5x  5 

36. When ,   then a, b  0

 P(x) = c, but P(2) = 9  P(x) = 9
P( x )  3 lim 3  3  Exact zero 
Now, Lim = x3 = 0 Since  0
x 3 sin ( x  3) sin(x  3)  tending towards zero 

37. For  = , P(x) = a (x – )2

As P(2) = 9  P(2) = a (2 – )2 = 9
9
 a=
(2   ) 2

184
 LIMIT

9
2
· ( x  )2
( 2  )
Now, Lim
x   2   x  
1  tan  4  ( x  )  e
 

1 


 ( x  ) 2
= Lim ·
( 2  ) 2       x 
x 
1  tan  4  ( x   ) 
  

1  tan  4  ( x   )   e


1
 
Putting x =  + h, we get

9 h2
= Lim ·
h 0
(2  )2       h
1  tan  4  h  
   

1  tan  4  h  e  1 
 

9 h2
Lim ·
h 0 (2  )2  1  tan h  h
2 · 1   (e  1)
 1  tan h 

9 h 2 (1  tan h ) 9 9 9
Lim 2
· h
= 2 = Lim 2 = . Ans.
h 0 ( 2   ) · 2 2 tan h (e  1) 2 4( 2   )   0 4( 2   ) 16
· ·h
h h

r4 1  16r 4  1  1 
38. Tr = =  
(2r  1)(2r  1) 16  ( 2r  1)( 2r  1) 

1  ( 4r 2  1)( 4r 2  1)  1 1  2 1 
Tr = 16   =  (4r  1) 

2
4r  1  16  (2r  1)(2r  1) 

1  2 1  (2r  1)  (2r  1)  1  2 1 1 1 
= (4r  1)    = 4r  1    
16  2  (2r  1)(2r  1)  16  2  (2r  1) (2r  1) 

1 1 1  1 1 
 Sn =  r 2  1     
4 16 32  2r  1 2r  1 

n (n  1)(2n  1) n 1  1   1 1   1 1 
=   1        .....    
4 ·6 16 32  3   3 5   2 n  1 2n  1  

2 n 3  3n 2  n n 1  1 
=   1  
24 16 32  2n  1 

n 3 n 2 5n 1  n  n 3 n 2 5 n f ( n )
=      =    (Given)
12 8 48 16  2n  1  A B C D
So A = 12, B = 8, C = 48 ; D = 16 , Hence A + B + C + D = 84 Ans.

185
 LIMIT

n n
 x   x  x 
39.  1  tan4 2k  =  1  tan2 2k  1  tan2 2k 
k 1 k 1

x x x
n cos k 1 cos x ·cos ·.......·cos n 1
2 2 2
f(x) =  x = 4
4
k 1 cos    x x x 
k  cos ·cos ·.......·cos
 2   2 22

2n 

x
2 sin x cos x 2n ·2n ·2n ·2n sin x 3
 f(x) =
sin 2x
·
1
= 2n = x cos x
x
2n sin n 1  
4 x
2n sin n 1 sin n x sin 3 x sin 3 x
2  2
 sin x 
 2n sin x 
 
 2n 
n
 x  x 3 cos x
Lim  1  tan 4 k  =
n 
k 1  2  sin 3 x

f ( h )  f ( 0) h 3 cos h  sin 3 h
f '(0) = Lim = Lim = 0.
h 0 h h 0 h sin 3 h
Alternative
Product of n even function is an even function.
Hence f '(0) is 0
Note that if f (x) is even then f '(0) = 0.

40. 1 = Area of ABC = R2 sin (sec – cos)

1 = R2 tan (1 – cos2)
R 2 (1  cos ) 2
Area of CDE =  2
cos 2  . tan 

1 tan  (1  cos 2 ). cos 2  . tan 

   l (say)
2 (1  cos ) 2

186
 LIMIT

(tan 2  ) cos . (1  cos ). (1  cos )

as  0 l  Limit
 0 (1  cos ) 2

tan 2  2
= 1. 2 Limit . = 4 Ans
0 2 1  cos 
Alternatively: 1 = ABC
2 = CDE C

1 E
h2
h1
D
 2  4 as AB  0

1 h12 R 2 (sec   cos ) 2 R

 =
2 h 22 R 2 (sec   1) 2 R

(1  cos 2 ) 2 ·cos 2 
=
cos 2  (1  cos ) 2

= Lim (1  cos ) 2 = 4
0

arc AB  0  0
= 4 Ans.

41. b2 + c2 = a2 .......(1) A
also 2ma = a
(median to the hypotenuse is half as along as hypotenuse).
c
a · ha = bc =  ; A = 90° .......(2) b wa
ma
ha
A
2bc cos C B
and wa = 2 = 2 bc .......(3)
N D M a/2
bc bc a

2 m a  2h a 2a ·ma  2a ·h a a 2  2bc
Now = =
2 w a  2h a 2a ·w a  2a ·h a 2 2 abc
 2bc
bc

( b 2  c 2  2bc ) ( b  c) ( b  c) 2 ( b  c)
= = [ST, limit]
2 2 abc  2bc ( b  c) 2bc  2 (b2  c2 )  (b  c) 
 

( b  c) 2 ( b  c)  2 ( b 2  c2 )  ( b  c)  ( b  c)  2 ( b 2  c 2 )  ( b  c) 
   
= =

2bc 2 ( b 2  c2 )  (b  c) 2

 2bc
 ( b c ) 2

( b  c)  2 ( b 2  c 2 )  ( b  c) 
 
 Lim
b c 2bc

b
bc  =t1
c

187
 LIMIT

 1
1    2 (1  t )  ( t  1)
2
t   2 [ 2  2]
 Lim   = = 4. Ans.
t 1 2 2

42. Since, f(x) > 0  x  (0, ) and xLim


f (x)  

1 1 ln f ( x ) 2ln x
 ln f(x) + f(x) = 2 ln x  1 =
2 2 f (x ) f (x)
ln x 1
Lim  . Ans.
x f(x) 2

1
tan
 n2  n
43. Let L = Lim   ()
n   n 1 
 

1  n2  
ln L = Lim tan ln   = Lim 2 ln n  ln (n  1)  
 
n n  n 1  n  1 
cot 
 n

4 ln t  ln (t 2  1) 2 ( t 2  2)
Put n= t2 = Lim = Lim
t 1 t 1  1 
cot  t ( t 2  1) cosec2    2 
t tt 
2
 1
sin 
2 (t 2  2)  t =0
= Lim 
t   t ( t 2  1)  1 
 
 t 
L = 1. Ans.

1  x  ln x
44. Lim x=1+h
x 1 (1  cos x )

1  (1  h )  ln (1  h ) 2 h 2
Lim · 2 2
h 0 1  cos h  h
 2 2 
=
2
·Lim
 h  ln (1  h )  as Lim  h  2 
2  
 h 0 h2  h 0 1  cos h

put ln (1 + h) = t
2 t  (e t  1) 2 et 1  t 2 1 1
= 2
·Lim 2
= · Lim
2 t 0 2 =  2 · = – 2 Ans.
 t 0  et 1   t  2 
  2
 t  t
 

188
 LIMIT


45. x h; h0
2
1
2  sin h  1  sin h 1  sin h
Lim 1  2 2 2sin h  1
= Lim = Lim = Lim
h 0    h 0    h 0   
  h (  h ) h  h  h  h 
h 0 sin h  
2 ·h  h 
2  2  2  2 

 2sin h  1 
 
 sin h  sinh
Lim   ln 2 ·1 2(ln 2) a x 1
 ln a ) Ans.
= h 0 0    =  2 = (as Lim
2 ·h   h   x 0 x
2 

x 3  27 ln ( x  2) ln (1  h )
46. l= ·Lim ; x=3+h ; = 9 · Lim = 9 Ans.
x  3 x 3 x  3 h 0 h

2 2
47. Lim x  x ·ln x  ln x  1 = Lim ( x  1)  ln x ( x  1) = Lim ( x  1  ln x ) ( x  1)
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
Lim (x  1  ln x ) = 2 Ans.
x 1

sin(  cos 2 x ) sin(    cos 2 x )  sin 2 x

48. Lim Lim
= x 0 · = 1 ·  Ans.
x 0 x2  1  cos 2 x x2 
49. n

Lim n 2 a1 n  a1 ( n 1)  a  0, n  N
put n = 1/h
1 h ln a h ( ln a )
Lim
h 0
1 h
h

a  a h (1 h ) = Lim 2 e
h 0 h
 e  (1 h )

 h ln a  h ln a 
e 1 h  1
h  
1 1 h ln a   · h ln a  h l n a
= Lim e
h 0 h2 h ln a 
h
ln a 1 h
1 h

1  h  (h  h 2  h )
= Lim l n a  h   = Lim l n a = ln a
h 0 h2  1  h  h 0 h 2 (1  h )

1 1 1
50. an = 1  2
 2
  .......
2 3 42

189
 LIMIT

 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 
 an = 1  2  2  2  .......  + 1  2  2  2  ....... 
 3 5 7  4 2 3 4 

2 1 2
= bn + ·
6 4 6
2 2 2
 bn =  = Ans.
6 24 8

sin ( n cos 1 x ) n  cos1 x 

51. L1 = Lim = Lim  
 1 x  = n
x 1 1 x 1 x x 1 1  x
 

1  cos ( n cos1 x ) n 2 (cos1 x ) 2  1 

L2 = Lim = Lim  
x 1 (1  x ) (1  x ) x 1 2 (1  x )  2 

n2
 L2 =
2
n2 3
Given, +n=
2 2
 n + 2n = 3  n2 + 2n – 3 = 0  (n + 3) (n – 1) = 0
2

 n = 1 or n = – 3
Since, n  N
 n = 1  Sum = 1. Ans.

52. Subtracting equation (2) from (1), common roots are the roots of x2 + q – r = 0 which has two roots
say x1 & x2 such that x1 + x2 = 0
 x1 + x2 +  = – 2 and x1 + x2 +  = – 1
 = – 2, =–1
ln 3
h
ln (1  h )
L.H.L. = Lim e = eln 3 = 3  f (0–) = f (0) = a = 3
h0

2 2
ln 1  e h  1  2 h   e h  1  2 h  h 3
   
R.H.L. = b Lim 2
· · = 2b  b =
h0  e h  1  2 h  h tan h 2
 
Hence 2(a + b) = 9 Ans.
53. Consider a general triangle

(APn + 1)2 – (APn)2 = (Pn Pn + 1)2 = (2n – 1)2

put n = 1, 2, 3, ......., n
(AP2)2 – (AP1)2 = (P1P2)2 = 1

190
 LIMIT

(AP3)2 – (AP2)2 = (P2P3)2 = 22

(AP4)2 – (AP3)2 = (P3P4)2 = (22)2
   
(APn + 1) – (APn) = (Pn Pn + 1)2 = (2n – 1)2
2 2

—————————————————
22 n  1 4 n  1
 2 2  ( 2 2 ) 2  ( 23 ) 2  ........   ( 2 n 1 ) 2 = 2
(APn + 1)2 – (AP1 ) 2 = 1 =
   2  1 3
1 2
G.P. with common ratio 2

4n 1 4n  2 4n  2
 (APn + 1)2 = 1 =  (APn + 1) =
3 3 3

| Pn Pn 1 | 2 n 1 2n 3
Now sin  = | AP | = =
n 1 4n  2 4 2 2
n

2n
as n , =1
4n  2

3 
 sin  = as n   =
2 3
54. If L is the length of a side of the equilateral triangle, then the area is
3 2 4
A= L and so L2 = A ....(1)
4 3
Let r be the radius of one of the circle. When there are n rows of circles, the figure shows that
L= 3 r + r + (n – 2)(2r) + r + 3 r = r(2n – 2 + 2 3 )
L
 L = 2r(n – 1 + 3)  r= ....(2)
2( n  1  3 )
n ( n  1)
The number of circles is 1 + 2 + .... + n = , and so the total area of the circle is
2
 L2 
n ( n  1) 2  n (n  1)   
An = r =
2  2  2
  4 n  3 1   
n ( n  1)  4A 3 n ( n  1) A
= · = ·
2 
4 n  3 1
2
 
n  3 1 2 3
2

 1
An n 2 1   
n (n  1)   n 
 Lim = Lim · = Lim · = Ans.
n  A n
n  3 1 
2
2 3 n

n 2 1 
3 1

2
2 3 2 3

 n 

191
 LIMIT

55. = Lim
n  n  n  3n  2n  1  (n 1) + n  n  2n  3  (n 1)
3 3 2 2

= Lim
 
n n 3  3n 2  2n  1  (n  1)3  + Lim

n n 2  2n  3  (n  1) 2 
n 

(n 3  3n 2  2n  1) 2 / 3  (n  1) n 3  3n 2  2n  1 
1/ 3
 (n  1) 2 n  2
n  2n  3  (n  1)

n (n ) n ( 2)
= Lim + Lim
n  ( n 3  3n 2  2n  1) 2 / 3  ( n  1) ( n 3  3n 2  2n  1)1 / 3  ( n  1) 2 n
n 2  2n  3  ( n  1)
1 2 1 2
= + =– +1= ]
111 11 3 3

56.  C1C2 = d
d d 2 d
and r1 + r2 =  = = d
2 2 2
hence r1 + r2 < C1C2
hence circle are separated and of course they are congurent
2 d
PQ = d – =d– d
2
d d d d
CB = CQ + d = + d =
2 2
(d  d ) 2
A (d) =
4
2
1 
2
2
d 1  
(d  d )  d 
 Lim = Lim 2 = Ans.
d  4 d  4d 4

f ( x ), 1  x  1
g (x ), x   ,1  1,  
 f (1)  g (1)
57. F(x) =  , x 1
 2
 f (1)  g(1)
 , x  1
2
continuous at x = 1  F(1–) = F(1+) = F(1)
f (1)  g(1)
 f(1–) = g(1+) =
2
( 4  a )  (1  b) 5a b
 4+a=1+b= = .
2 2
 b – a = 3. .......(1)
continuous at x = – 1  F(–1–) = F(–1+) = F(–1)

192
 LIMIT

( 4  a )  ( b  1)
 b–1=4–a=
2
3ba
 b–1=4–a=
2
 a+b=5 .......(2)
(1) and (2)
 a = 1, b = 4  a2 + b2 = 17. Ans.

58. We have
  
4  sin 
 2n 
 n2  
 1   2n
Given limit = Lim 1  2  = e4 × 1 = e4 Ans.
n   n  
 
59. Since 5x2 – 18 is a quadratic polynomial and P(x) + P(2x) = 5x2 – 18 it follows that P(x) must be a
quadratic polynomial. Suppose
P(x) = ax2 + bx + c
By hypothesis
(ax2 + bx + c) + (4ax2 + 2bx + c) = 5x2 – 18
or 5x2 + 3bx + 2c = 5x2 – 18
This gives
a = 1, b = 0, c = –9
So P(x) = x2 – 9
P( x )
Therefore Lim = Lim (x  3) = 6 Ans.
x 3 x 3 x 3

60. Since f (x) and g (x) are 2 continuous function in [0, 1]

  a, b  [0, 1]
such that f () = M and g () = M (where M is the maximum value)
Now consider a function h (x) = f (x) – g (x) in [, ]
h () = M – g ()  0
h () = f () – M  0
 h () · h ()  0
 Using I.V.T.  c  [0, 1] such that h (c) = 0
hence f (c) = g (c)  f 2(c) + 3f (c) = g2(c) + 3g(c).

   x  cos x
 sin 1 x


2010 2010 2010

61. Given limit = Lim

x 0
 ln 1  x  1  sin x   tan x  x
2010 2
x 2010 
 x 
2010
2010
 x  2
2

   

= Lim
sin x 
1 2010
 x 2010
(Let x = sin)
x 0 x 2012

193
 LIMIT

2010  sin 2010 

given limit = Lim
0  2012
2010 2010
2010  3   2 
      ...
 1  1   ....
 3!   3! 
= Lim = Lim
0  2012 0 2

 2010 2 
1  1    ......
 6  2010
= Lim 2
= = 335 Ans.
0  6

n
1 1 1  13  1 1 
62.   k  k  1  =      working
2 k 1 2  2  n  1 n  2  

 1 
 1  
 3 
 1 1 
 2  4 
 1 1 
1  
 3 5 
2   
 1 1 
  
 n 1 n 1 
 1  1 
 n 
 n  2  

n n
 3 1 1 1  1    2n  3  
L = Lim  2        = Lim 1     (1)
n    ( n  1)( n  2 )
n    4 2  n 1 n  2  n    
n ( 2 n  3)
Lim
e n  ( n 1)( n  2 )
= e–2 Ans.
7
63. Let  = sin–1
8
8
tan 2 x  7 7
Lim
x   8 sin 2 x  7 (sin 2 x  cos2 x ) 
1
2
tan x  7 1
= Lim = Lim =8 Ans.
2 2
x  sin x  7 cos x x  cos2 

194
 LIMIT

3 
64. f (x) = Lim x   [cos x ] n 2  1  n 2  3n  1 
n   2  
3x  2 2 
= + x · [cosx] · Lim  n  1  n  3n  1 
2 n    
3x n 2  1  (n 2  3n  1)
= + x[cosx] · Lim
2 n 
n 2  1  n 2  3n  1
3x 3 3x
f(x) =
2
+ x[cosx] · =
2 2
1 [cos x] . Now interpret
y
 
0 x ,   {0} 1
  2 2  3
  2 x
[cos x] = 1 x 0
 O
   3  2
 1 x ,  –1 y = cosx
 2 2 

 3x  
  x
f (x) =  2 2 2
 3
0 x
 2 2

y
3
4
= 3x

–
2

–
f(x)=0
)

  3  2
f(x

 Graph of f (x) in   ,  x
O  3
 2 2  –
2 2
–3
4

3x
f(x) =  1  [cos x ] 
2
Lim  0 and Lim  0
x  0 x 0

3
Lim  and Lim  0 .
  2 
x x
2 2

195
 LIMIT

(1  x ) ln (1  x )  x
65. Lim
x 0 x2
ln(1 + x) = t  1 + x = et

e t ·t  (e t  1) t et  et 1  t  t
= Lim = Lim
t 0  et 1  2
2 t 0 t2
 
 t  ·t
 

 t (e t  1) e t  t  1 1 1
Lim
= t 0  2
 2  = 1 – = Ans.
 t t  2 2

2(tan x  sin x )  x 3
66. Lim
x 0 x5

2 tan x (1  cos x )  x 3 2 sin x (1  cos x )  x 3 cos x

= Lim = Lim
x 0 x5 x 0 x5

= Lim
4 sin 2 ( x 2) ·2 sin( x 2) cos(x 2)  x 3 cos x
= Lim
 
8 sin 3 ( x 2) · 1  2 sin 2 ( x 4)  x 3 cos x
x 0 x5 x 0 x5

= Lim

8 sin 3 (x 2)  16 sin 3 (x 2) ·sin 2 ( x 4)  x 3 1  2 sin 2 ( x 2) 
x 0 x5

8 sin 3 (x 2)  x 3 16 sin 3 (x 2) ·sin 2 ( x 4)  2 x 3 sin 2 ( x 2)

= Lim 
x 0 x5 x5
x/2 = t
8 sin 3 t  8t 3 sin 3 (x 2) sin 3 ( x 4) 2 sin 2 (x 2)
Lim  16   
x 0 32 t 5 8( x 2)3 16( x 4) 2 4( x 2) 2

sin 3 t  t 3 1 1 1 1 (sin t  t ) (sin 2 t  t 2  t sin t )

= Lim   = Lim   
x 0 4t 5 8 2 x 0 2 8 4t 3 t2
3 3 1 2 1
= – × = = Ans.
8 4 6 8 4
2(tan x  sin x )  x 3
Alternatively: Lim
x 0 x5
x = 2t
2(tan 2 t  sin 2 t )  8t 3
Lim
t 0 32t 5

 2 tan t 2 tan t 
2 2
 2 
 8t 3
= Lim  1  tan t 1 5 tan t 
t 0 32 t

196
 LIMIT

4 tan t ( 2 tan 2 t )  8t 3 (1  tan 4 t ) tan 3 t  t 3  t 3 tan 4 t

= Lim = Lim
t 0 32t 5 (1  tan 4 t ) t 0 4t 5

tan3 t  t 3  (tan t  t ) tan 2 t  t 2  t tan t 

= Lim Lim
+ 0 = t 0   
t 0 4t 5  t3 t2 

67. for – 1 < x < 1, {– x2} = – x2 + 1

1 
  x 2  1  1  1  
Lim
 = x 0 cos  x 2  2 x  2  = cos  2  = 3
   

 1
 cos  = cos =
3 2

 ex 2 
2   1 
 e x  e x  x
1   1 e  –1
 = Lim tan = Lim tan   = tan (– 1)
x   2e x 2  e x  x  x2
   2e 
 x 1
 e 
 tan  = – 1
1 1
cos  + tan  = 1 = .
2 2

n n
68. Hn = =
1 1 1 1

a1 a 2
 ..... 
an
a
r

n
n r

1 n
=  2
n nr
r 1

n  1 2 n  1
Lim = Lim  2  2  ......  2  =
n Hn n    n  n 1 n n2 n nn 2

Hn
 Lim = 2. Ans.
n n

69. We expand the numerator in series

1
ex ln (1 x ) ex
(1 + x)1/x –e+ = ex e
2 2
 x x2   x x2 
 1  ....     .... 
 2 3  ex  2 3  ex
= e  e = e ·e   e =
2 2

197
 LIMIT

 2
 x x2  
    ......... 
  x x2   2 3    e  ex = e 1  1  x 2  .......
= e 1      .....  
  2 3  2!  2 3 8
 
 

 1 1  11e
 The limit = e   = Ans.
 3 8  24

m
 m  1  m 1  m  1 
70. We have, am =    
 m   m 

1 1
 m  1  m 1 m  1  m 1
1  1
m 
 (am)1/m =     =  1    1
 m  m   m   m  
1
1  m 
 1 1 1
 Lim (a )1/m = Lim 1    1    1 = 1 · (e – 1)–1 = Ans.
 m 
m  m m 
 m  e 1
1
71. Let f(x) = xx
1
 ln x  1 
 f '(x) = xx 
 x2 
If x > e then f(x) is decreasing
 2010 > 2009  f(2010) < f(2009)
1 1
 2010 2010< 2009  2009
 (2010)2009 < (2009)2010
1

 Lim  
n    ( 2009)

2010
  (2010)  
n 2009 n  n

1
  2009  n  n
  (2010)  
= nLim
  (2009)
2010 1   2010   = (2009)
2010
  ( 2009 )  

p cos x
1
x
ex 0
72. Lim = = 0 q R – {0}
x 0  1  sin x 0q
1
 q cos x
ex

198
 LIMIT

1
p cos x  xe x =p=0
Lim 1
x  0
1  sin x  q cos xe x
p = 0, q  R – {0}

x 4  3 a 2  a 4  x 4  4 2 4 4
73.    0   Lim ( x  3a )  3 a  x  0 
L  Lim   x 0
x 0 x 8
0 x8 0

 Lim
x  3a   9 a  x  (on rationalising)  1
4 2 2 4 4  x 8  6a 2 x 4  9 x 4 
Lim  
2
x8 
x  x  3a   3 a  x  6a
x 0 8 4 2 4 4 x 0
 
 

L
1
Lim
 2
1  6 a  9
 
6a 2 x 0  x4 


2 9 3
Clearly 6a2 – 9 = 0  a  
6 2
3
 a (As a > 0)
2
1 1 1
Also L  2
 
6a 9 9
6 
6

74. n  x n ln  n  1   1
 n 

n 1
1  n ln
1 n
xn = n
n 1 n 1
ln ln
n n
1 1
Let 1 = t, n = as n  , t  1
n t 1
ln t
1 ( t  1)  ln t
 Lim t 1 =
t 1 ln t (t  1) ln t

Put t=1+h

199
 LIMIT

h  ln (1  h )
Lim 1
h 0
h 2 ln (1  h ) = Ans.
h 2
75. Given an+1 – an = 4n + 3
k 1 k 1
(k )
Now ak – a1 =  a n 1  a n  =  4n  3 = 4(k – 1) + 3(k –1) = 2k2 + k – 3
n 1 n 1 2
 ak = 2k2 + k – 3.

2k 2  k  3  2(4k ) 2  (4k )  3  .....  2(410 k ) 2  (410 k )  3

So kLim

2k 2  k  3  2(2k ) 2  (2k )  3  ....  2(210 k ) 2  (210 k )  3

1 3 4 3 410 3
2  2  2(4 2 )   2  .....  2(410 ) 2  
k k k k k k2
= kLim

1 3 2 3 210 3
2  2  2(2) 2   2  .....  2(210 ) 2  
k k k k k k2

=
2  2(42 )  .....  2(410 ) 2
=

2 1  4  4 2  .....  410  = 13 (4  1) = 683 Ans.
11

2  2(2) 2  .....  2(210 ) 2 2 1  2  2 2

 .....  210  2 1 11

cos 2 x  (1  3x )1 3 3 4 cos3 x  ln (1  x ) 4
1 1
76. Denote L1 = Lim 2 and L2 = Lim 4
x 0 x x 0 x
we have L = L1 – L2
Now for L1 on rationalisation

cos 2x  (1  3x )1 3
1
L1 = Lim 2
x 0  cos 2x  (1  3x )1 3 
x ·  1
 2 
 

1 [(1  3x )1 3  1]  [1  cos 2x ] 1 (1  3x )1 3  1
L1 = · Lim
2 x 0 2x
= · Lim
4 x 0 x
[  Lim
1  cos 2x
x
]
x 0
 
zero
1  (1  x  .......  1)  1
= ·Lim  0 =
4  x 0 x  4
13
 4 cos3 x  4ln (1  x ) 
  1 [cos3 x  ln (1  x )]1 3  1
for L2 = Lim  4  = Lim
x 0 x
x 0 x

200
 LIMIT

1 cos3 x  ln (1  x )  1 a 3  b3
= ·Lim (Using a – b = 2 )
3 x 0 x a  ab  b 2
1  (cos x  1) ln (1  x ) 
now L2 = ·Lim ·Lim (cos2 x  1  cos x )  Lim 
3  x  0 x x  0 x  0 x 
1 1
= [0 – 1] = –
3 3
1 1 7
 L= + =  a  b  19 Ans.
4 3 12

77. f () = 3sin + 2cos – 4(sin3 + cos3) + 4(1 – cos2) cos

= 3sin – 4sin3 + 6cos – 8cos3 = sin3 – 2 cos3
  5  f ( )  5
 a=  5, b= 5  [a] = – 3 and [b] = 2

x 2  x[ x ] x 2  4x 9  12 3
Now, l1 = Lim = Lim = =
x  3 2x  [ x ] x   3 2 x  4 6 4 2

x 2  x[ x ] x 2  2x 44
l2 = Lim = Lim = =0

x2 2 x  [x ] x  2 2x  2 42

 3
Hence (6l1 – l2) = 6   – 0 = 9 Ans.
 2
n
 na  1 
78. l = Lim 1  n   1
n n 
 na 1 
Lim n ·  n 
 n 
= e  [e] = 2 Ans.
n 
=e

en
79. L = Lim
n  n2
 1
1  
 n

  1 
ln L = Lim  n  n 2ln 1   
n    n 
1
n=
y
y  ln (1  y)
ln L = Lim
y 0 y2

201
 LIMIT

 y2 
yy   ........
 2  1
ln L = Lim   =
2 2
y 0 y
1
 L= e2 = e Ans.

1
80. Put n =
y
1
1 y  y 1 1 y  2
   e 2 ln  e
 1 y  y  1  y 
Lim = Lim
y 0 y2 y 0 y2

 1 y  1 y 
ln   2 ln    2
 1 y  1 y  1
y
e 1 y
= e2 Lim 2
= e Lim
y 0 y2 y 0 y2

ln (1  y)  ln (1  y)  2 y  2  2e 2
= e2 Lim = e2   =  a=2;b=3
y 0 y3  3 3
 a + b = 5 Ans.

(Ax 2  Bx )  C 2 x 2 (A  C 2 ) x 2  Bx
81. Lim Lim
x 
Ax 2  Bx  Cx
= 2;

x  x A  ( B x )  C =2

BC B
for existence of limit A = C2 hence = (using A = C2)
A C
B
 L= =2
A C
if C = – A then limit does not exist hence C = A
B B
 =2  = 4 Ans.
2C C
n
4r 3
82.  (n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  r)
r 1

 13 23 n3 
=4  4 3 2
 4 3 2
 .....  
 n  4n  2n  n  1 n  4n  2n  n  2 n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  n 

202
 LIMIT



4 13  23  .....n 3  <
n
 4 3
4r 3
2 <

4 13  2 3  .........n 3 
4 3 2 (n  4n  2n  n  r) 4 3 2
n  4n  2n  n  n r 1 n  4n  2n  n  1

n 2 (n  1) 2
n
4r 3 n 2 (n  1) 2
 <  4 3 2 <
n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  n r 1 (n  4n  2n  n  r) n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  n

n 2 (n  1) 2 n 2 (n  1) 2
 Lim =1 & Lim =1
n n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  n n n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  1
 According to sandwich theorem.
n
4n 3
Lim
n
 (n 4  4n 3  2n 2  n  r )
= 1.
r 1

x sin(sin x )  sin 2 x
83. Lim
x 0 x6
Put sin x = t
(sin 1 t )(sin t )  t 2
 Lim
x 0 t6
x3 3 5 5 7
Now sin–1x = x   x  x ................
6 40 112
x3 x5 x 7
and tan–1x = x    .........
3 5 7
1
Use this  get the result. = Ans.
18
x3 3 5 5 7 x3 x5 x 7
84. sin–1x = x  x  x ................ and tan–1x = x   .........
6 40 112 3 5 7
2
 2
  x2
Lim  3 sin 1 x  tan 1 x 
x 0  x 
 (1)

 L  
Lim
2 2

x 0 x 2  x 3

1 1 
sin x  tan x 1 

2 sin 1 x  tan 1 x  x 3  
e So ; L = 2 Lim
x 0 x5
 x3 3 5 5 7 x3 x5 x 7 

2 x   x  x x   .........  x 3
 6 40 112 3 5 7  1
= 2 Lim 5
=–
x 0 x 2
e–1/2  (D) Ans.

203
 LIMIT

1
85. Putting n = , we get
x

given limit = xLim

1 1
 l n
 1  
  1
  = Lim

x 2  ln (1  x 2 ) 
0 x2  x 2  x2 1   x  0 x4

 x4 
x 2   x 2   ........
 2  = 1 Ans.
= Lim
x0 x4 2

86. a = 2 and b = 3

87. S(x) = area of shaded region

= area of circle sector – area of OAB
1 1 x  sin x
= x  sin x =
2 2 2
T(x) = Area of ABC = area of quadrilateral OACB – Area of OAB
x B
x/2
2 tan x x
= tan x  1 x 
tan
2 2
2 2 2 sin(x/2) C
1
x M x/2
2 tan
x
T(x ) 2 3 x/2
 Lim
x0 S( x )
= Lim
x 0 x  sin x = Ans. x/2
· x 3 2 O
x A
x3 1

T (x) = area of quadrilateral OACB – area of triangle OAB

x 1 x sin x x x x
= tan   sin x = tan  = tan  sin cos
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

x x x x
cos  sin cos sin 3
= 2 2 2 = 2
x x
cos cos
2 2

 1 1 1 
x 2 x
1  (1  x )  e (1  2 x )  e nx
(1  nx )  e 
88. L = Lim 2    ......... 
x 0 n
 x x x 
n
 

1 ln (1  nx ) ln (1  nx )
1
(1  nx ) nx e e nx e e nx 1
Consider ln = Lim = Lim = e Lim
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x

204
 LIMIT

ln (1  nx )
Let 1 = y
nx
so that as x  0, y  0
ey 1 y ln (1  nx )  nx
 ln = e Lim · = e ·Lim
y 0 y x x 0 n x2

n2x2
nx   .....  nx  ne
ln = Lim 2 ·e =
2 2
x 0 nx

1 e 1 e  e n (n  1)
L = Lim
n  2
n 2
 n = 2 [1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n] =
n 2 2n 2 2
 e  1 p
= =   e = ·e
4  4  q
 p = – 1; q = 4  p + q = 3 Ans.

89. as x  1; Dr  0 and Nr  1 + a + b
hence for existence of limit a + b + 1 = 0 ....(1)
x 2  ax  a  1 ( x  1)(x  1  a )
now l = Lim = Lim (put x = 1 + h)
x 1 ln (2  x )  2 x 1 ln 2 ( 2  x )

h (2  a  h ) (2  a  h )
l = Lim
h 0 ln (1  h ) ln (1  h )
= Lim
h 0 h
for existence 2 + a = 0; a = – 2 and l = 1
from (1), b = 1. ]
n n
1 1 1 1 (2k  1)  (2k  1)
90. Consider 2  (2k  1)(2k  1) = 2 · 2 
k 1 k 1 ( 2k  1)( 2k  1)

n
1  1 1 
= 4   (2k  1)  (2k  1) 
k 1 

1  1 1 
= 
4  1 3 

1  1 1 
+ 
4  5 7 
  
1  1 1 
+ 
4  2n  1 2n  1

—————————

205
 LIMIT

1 1 1 

4 1 2n  1


n n
 1 1  5 1 
an = 1  1   =    ......(1)
 4  2n  1   4 4( 2n  1) 
(i) Lim a n   i.e. does not exist. Ans.
n 

n 1 n
5 1  5 1  5 1 
(ii) Now an + 1 =    =    ·  
 4 4( 2n  3)   4 4( 2n  3)   4 4( 2n  3) 
n
5 1  n
  5 1 
a n 1 5 1  4 4(2n  3)  a n 1  
Lim    ·  5 4 4(2n  3) 
 an = n  4 4(2n  3)   5 1  ; an = Lim  
 4 n   5  1 
 4 4(2n  1) 
 4 4(2n  1) 
n
5 1 

 4 4(2n  3) 
Consider Lim   (1)
n  5 1 

 4 4(2n  1) 

5
On dividing Nr and Dr by , we get
4
n
 1 
1  5(2n  3) 
  = el (say)
1  1 
 5(2n  1) 

 1 1  2 1 
 5(2n  1)  5(2n  3)   5 · (2n  1)(2n  3) ·5(2n  1) 
where l = Lim   = Lim n  
n  1  n  5 ( 2 n  1)  1 
1
 5(2n  1)   

 2 1 
= Lim n ·  =0  el = 1
n  (2n  3) 10n  4 
a n 1 5
Hence Lim
n  a
= Ans.
n 4

 1 1 1 
91. Lim    .......   1
n  2 
 n 1 n2  2 2
n n 
this limit is 1.

206
 LIMIT

 n 1 
n  1
2
 k  1 n  k 
Required limit = Lim e = eL.
n

n
 1 1 n n  n2  k
Now, L = Lim n     = nLim 
n 2
k 1  n  k n 
k 1 n2  k
n
k
= – Lim 
n
k 1 n 2  k  n  n 2  k 

n
k
= – nLim 

k 1 n n2  k  n2  k

k k k
Now,  
n n2  n  n2  n n n2  k  n2  k n n2 1  n2 1
1
Apply Sandwich theorem, we get L = . Ans.
4

92. Lim (1  ax  bx 2 ) 2 / x  e 3
x 0
now this is 1
2
Lim ( ax  bx 2 ) Lim 2 a  2 bx
x
e x0
= e x0 = e2x so e2a = e3; a = 3/2 and b  R
1
 P(x )  x sin( x )
93. Lim 1  4  = e8
x 0  x 
now this mut be 1 so P(x) must be of degree greater than  4
i.e. P(x) = ax4 + bx5 + cx6 ...........
now apply the formula

1 P(x ) 1 P( x ) x3 P(x )
Lim
x 0 x  sin x
· 4
x = e8 i.e. Lim · 4  8 i.e. Lim · 4 3 8
e x 0 x  sin x x x 0 x  sin x x · x

P( x )
8
i.e. Lim 7

x 0 x 6
now P(x) must be of least degree so its degree must be 7
so P(x) = ax4 + bx5 + cx6 + dx7
4
when a = b = c = 0 and d =
3
4 7
so P(x) = x Ans.
3

207
 LIMIT

a sin x  sin 2 x sin x[a  2 cos x ] a  2 cos x

94. Lim = Lim =
x 0 tan 3 x 3 x 0 x ·x 2 x2
·x
x3
 x  0, a – 2 cos x should be zero for limit to exist  Lim (a  2 cos x ) = 0
x 0
 a–2=0  a = 2 Ans.
2[1  cos x ]
 l = Lim = 1 Ans.
x 0 x2
Sol. 95. to 97
 x 1
 sin 2  ·  2
 n 2   x 1 
Lim · ·  ·2 n
n  2  n 2
 x   x 1  
Lim n  cos 1  
 n ·2 

n   n   
now f (x) = e e

x 2 1
= e–2x/4 = e  f–1(x) = ln
x2
e1 n 1
n  

Lim n x e1 n  x  x Lim
n  1 n
g (x) = e e = ex  g–1(x) = ln x
Lim ln( f (x )) x 2 1
now x 0 = = – Ans(i).
ln( g (x )) x 2

1   1 
h(x) = tan–1 (g–1 f–1 (x)); h (x) = tan  ln  ln 2  
  x 
and hence domain of h (x) is (0, 1) and range is (– /2, /2)

x  x A 
 xA  Lim x  1 
98.  Lim   = 5  e x   x  2 A  = 5
x   x  2 A 

x (3A) 1
 Lim = ln 5  3A = ln 5  A = ln 5. Ans.
x  x  2A 3

sin(ax)  bx
99. Given, Lim = 36
x 0 x3

 3 3 5 5 
 ax  a ·x  a ·x  ........   bx
 3! 5! 
 Lim   = 36
x0 x3

208
 LIMIT

 3 5 
 (a  b) x  a · x 3  a x 5......... 
 6 120 
 Lim   = 36.
3
x0 x
So, a + b = 0.
 a3
Also, = 36  a = – 6 and b = 6. Ans.
6
n
 n2  n  3 
100. Lim  2
n   n  3n  5 
 (1)
 
 n2  n  3   2n 2 
Lim n  2 1  Lim n  2 

n    n  3n  5  n    n  3n  5  1 p
2  e 2 hence p = 1 Ans.
e  e
= = = e–2 =
e
1
x 2 tan   x
101. Lim x
x  1 | x |

1 1  tan y 
· tan y    1
1 y 2
y  y  = 1  1 = 0. Ans.
Put x = , so Lim = Lim
y y0 1 y0 y 1 0 1
1
y
n
    
102. Lim ln  tan   (1 form)
n   4 n 

       
Lim n · tan    1  1  tan  n ·2 tan 
= Lim ln e n   4 n 
= Lim n  n  1 = Lim n ; =x
n n    n    n
 1  tan  1  tan 
 n   n

 tan x 
= 2 Lim   = 2 Ans.
x 0  x (1  tan x ) 


 1 
103. As, (x + sin x – x cos x – tan x) = x (1 – cos x) + sin x 1  
 cos x 
= x (1 – cos x) – tan x (1 – cos x) = (x – tan x) · (1 – cos x)
 x  tan x   1  cos x 
 3  2 
So, Lim  x  x
n5
 = exist and non-zero,
x0 x
so, n = 5. Ans.

209
 LIMIT

 1  cos x 4 sin 1 x sin 2 x 

5    

x x x
104. Lim  
(Divide numerator and denominator by x)
x0  10 tan 1 x 3 
  x  x 
 x
 

5(0  4  0) 20
= = = 2. Ans.
(10  0  0) 10

105. We have
 12  22  32  ......  n 2   
Lim   = Lim  n · (n  1) · (2n  1)  = 2 = 1 .
n n3  1  n   6 · (n 3  1)  6 3
   

 sin 2 x 
2x ·  
sin 2 x Lim  2x  2 1
Also,  = Lim = x0  sin 8 x  = = .
x  0 sin 8x 3x ·   8 4
 8x 

1 1 43 7
Now,  +  =  = = .
3 4 12 12
1 1 1
Also,  =   ·   = .
 3   4  12
7 1
So, required quadratic equation is x 2  ·x   0  12x2 – 7x + 1 = 0. Ans.
12 12

e1h  1  h  1
106. Lim = e – 2 Ans.
h 0 (1  h ) 2

Sol 107. to 108.

 1, x  1
 
f ( x )  min 1, x 2 n , x 2 n 1   2 n 1
x , x 1
y
Graph of f(x) will be as shown in the figure.

107. Lim
27 x

 9 x  3x  1 cos x  e x  1
x 0 f (x) x
1

 Lim
3  19 1(cos x  1)  (e
x x x
 1) 
x 0 x x x 2 n 1

 ln 3 ln 9 Lim
(cos x  1)  (e x
 1) 
2 n 1
x 0 x

210
 LIMIT

 Limit is non zero finite  2n – 1 = 1  n=1

2 n 1 2 n 1
e tan f ( x )  esin f ( x ) e tan x  esin x
108. Lim = Lim
x 0 tan f ( x )  sin f ( x ) x 0 tan x 2 n 1  sin x 2 n 1

 Lim
e sin x
2 n 1
e
tan x 2 n 1  sin x 2 n 1  1  11  1 ]
x 0 tan x 2 n 1
 sin x 2 n 1 
1
cos 3x  1 1  cos 3x 9 x 2 9
109. l1 = Lim ln (cos 3x ) 2 x 2 = Lim = – Lim 2
· 2 =–
x 0 x 0 2x 2 x 0 (3x ) 2x 4

sin 2 3x 9x 2
l2 = – Lim · =–9
x 0 (3x ) 2 x (e x  1)

x  x2 1 1 (1  h )( h ) 1
l3 = Lim · = 2 Lim
h 0 ln (1  h )
= –
x 1 ln x x x 2
Hence l2 < l1 < l3

110. Given a1 = 1  a2 = sin a1 = sin 1

a3 = sin a2 = sin(sin 1)
a4 = sin a3 = sin sin(sin1)
a5 = sin a4 = sin sinsin(sin1) 
 a1 = 1, a2, a3, ........, an is a decreasing sequence
and hence as n , Lim a n = 0
n 
Let an = y
 as n  , y  0
2 2 y  2( 2 y )(3y )  32 y (2 y  3 y ) 2
 Lim Lim
= – y 0 y y
y  0 cos y  1  e y  e  y (e  e  2)  (1  cos y)

2
 2 y  3y  2
  ln 2
 2 
= – Lim   =– 3 =  2 ln 2 2  a = 2
y  0  e y  e  y  2   1  cos y  1 3 3 3
   1
   y2  2
 y2   
 3a = 2 Ans.

2f ( x)  1
111. f ( x )  ln cosec(x) 0  x  1 and g( x ) 
 ln sin( 2x) 1  x  3 / 2 3f ( x )  1

now see tan–1 g (1 )  

211
 LIMIT

f (1–) = xLim ln cosec(x ) = + 

1

2x  1
so Lim x divide Nr and Dr by 3x
x  3  1

2 3x  1 3x
= Lim =0
x  1  1 3x
tan–1(0) = 0
now see sec–1 g 1   
Lim ln sin( 2x )   ; 2x  1
Lim =1
x 1 x  3X  1

So sec–1(1) =
2

112. n< n2  n 1 < n + 1

n 1 1
So, Lim f  n 2  n  1  = Lim n 2  n  1  n = Lim =
n   n n 
n2  n 1  n 2

e x sin( 2007) x  1 x sin( 2007 x ) sin( 2007 x ) (2007 x )

113. L = Lim · = Lim · = 2007
x 0 x sin( 2007 x ) x ln (1  x ) x 0 ( 2007 x ) ln (1  x )

M = Lim  x [( x 3  x 2  1)1 3  ( x 3  x 2  1)1 3  2x ]

x 

  1 1 1 3  1 1 
13 
Lim
= x   x  x 1   3   x  1     2 x 
  x x   x x3  
1 1 1 1
= Lim  x 2 [(1  X)1 3  (1  Y)1 3  2] where X =  3 and Y =  3
x  x x x x

 X 1  1  1   Y 11  1  
M = Lim  x 2 1     1 X 2  ......  1     1 Y 2   2
x 
 3 3  3  2!   3 3  3  2!  

 X  Y  1  1  1 2 
= Lim  x 2  2
    1 (X  Y )  .......
x   3  3  3  2! 
2 2
2 1 1  1 1   2 2 
but X – Y = and X2 + Y2 =   3    3  =  2  6 
x3 x x  x x  x x 
2
M= =
 2 1 2 2   9
Lim  x 2  3   2  6   .....
x   3x 9x x  

212
 LIMIT

2
 LM = × 2007 = 2 × 223 = 446 Ans. ]
9

(Ax 2  Bx )  C 2 x 2 (A  C 2 ) x 2  Bx
114. Lim = 2; Lim
x 
Ax 2  Bx  Cx x  
x A  (B x )  C  =2

BC B
for existence of limit A = C2 hence = (using A = C2)
A C
B
 L= =2
A C
if C = – A then limit does not exist hence C = A
B B
 =2  = 4 Ans.
2C C
sin 2 x 1
115. Lim =
x 0 eax  bx  1 2

x2 1 0
Lim ax =  
x 0 e  bx  1 2 0
2x 1
Lim ax
=  a–b=0
x 0 ae  b 2

2 1
Lim 2 ax
=
x 0 a e 2

2 1
=  a =2  b=2
a2 2
S1 : x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0
S2 : x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + k = 0
Now, 2(1) (2) + 2 (1) (3) = 1 + k  k = 9. Ans.

Sol. 116.to 118.

sin 1 (1  {x}) cos 1 (1  {x})
We have f(x)
2{x} (1  {x})

Lim sin 1 (1  {0  h}) cos 1 (1  {0  h})

Lim Lim
 x 0 f(x) = h  0 f(0 + h) = h  0
2{0  h}(1  {0  h})

Lim sin 1 (1  h ) cos 1 (1  h ) Lim sin 1 (1  h ) Lim cos 1 (1  h )

= h 0 = h 0
2h (1  h ) (1  h ) h  0 2h
= In second limit put 1 – h = cos 

213
 LIMIT

1
Lim sin 1 (1  h ) Lim cos (cos ) 1
Lim sin (1  h ) Lim 
= h 0 =
(1  h ) 0 2(1  cos ) h  0
(1  h )   0 
2 sin  
2

= sin–1 1 × 1 = and xLim Lim
 0 ¯ f(x) = h  0 f(0 – h)
2

sin 1 (1  {0  h}) cos 1 (1  {0  h})

= Lim
h 0
2{0  h} (1  {0  h})

sin 1 (1  h  1) cos 1 (1  h  1)
= Lim
h 0 2(h  1) (1  h  1)


1 1 
sin h Lim cos h 2
= Lim
h 0 h 0 = 1 =
h 2(1  h ) 2 2 2
n
 4   1 
119. p = Lim    
n  

 4  3  2 sin   
 
 4  3  2 sin 
  2

n
 
   
 2   1 
p= Lim
n 
 2  sin  

  2
3  4  3  2 sin  
 
 2 
  3
If   0,   sin   0,   p does not exist.
 
 3  2 

   3 
If   ,   sin   
3 2  2 , 1  p = 0
 
 1 1
 For existence of limit  =  p= 2 =
3 4 16
p  cos  cos  16
Hence, =1+ =1+ = 9. Ans.
p p 2

120. We have, f(1) = cos  = – 1

  sin( x  1)
 ; x  (, 0)
Also, f (x) =  (x  1)
cos(x ); x  (0, )
So, f (0+) = 1 and f(0–) = – sin 1.
 f (0 )  f (0 ) = 1 – (– sin 1) = (1 + sin 1). Ans.
 

214
 LIMIT

121.
(A) Here, a > 0, if a  0, then limit = 

( x 2  x  1  ax  b) ( x 2  x  1  ax  b)
 xLim

( x 2  x  1  ax  b)

( x 2  x  1)  (ax  b) 2 (1  a 2 ) x 2  (1  2ab) x  (1  b 2 )
 xLim  xLim

x 2  x  1  ax  b 
x 2  x  1  ax  b
This is possible only when 1 – a2 = 0 and 1 + 2ab = 0
 a1
a=1 (  a > 0)
1
b=–  (a, 2b) = (1, – 1)
2
(B) Divide numerator and denominator by ex, then
3 x 08
Lim (1  a )e  8  2  1 – b3 = 4
x 
e  x  (1  b 3 ) 0  1  b3
 b3 = – 3  b = – 31/3
Then, a  R
 (a, b3) = (a, – 3)

(C) Lim (  x 4  x 2  1  – ax2 – b) = 0

x   

 1 1  a 
1 Lim     1   b  1  t 2  t 4  a  bt 2
Put x =  t 0  4  =0  Lim  0 ....
t  t t2  t2 
t 0
t2
(1)
Since R. H. S. is finite, numerator must be equal to 0 at t  0.
 1–a=0  a=1

1  t 2  t 4  1  bt 2
From equation (1). Lim
t 0
0
t2
 (1  t 2  t 4 )1 / 2  (1)1 / 2 
Lim (– 1 + t2)  b
x   ( 1  t 2
 t 4
)  1 
 

1 1
 (– 1)   = b  a = 1, b = –  (a, – 2b) = (1, 2)
 2 2
7 7
(D) Lim a  ( x ) = 7  7a6 = 7  a6 = 1  a = – 1
x  a a  (  x )

215
 LIMIT

122. Lt

sin 5x 5  4x 4  3x 3  2x 2  . 5x5  4x 4  3x3  2x 2 
x 0
5x 5  4x 4  3x3  2x 2   3
2x x
ln 1  2 sin 

  

  2 

= Lt
5x5  4x 4  3x3  2x 2 
x 0   x3  x  
ln 1  2sin 2 
  2     x3  x  
  
 2sin 2   
 x 3
 x   2
 
2sin 2   
 2 

= Lt
5x5  4x 4  3x 3  2x 2  
2
 4
x 0 x x3 1
sin 2  2 
 2   x 3  x 2 4
2  
2  
 x3  x   2 
 
 2 

n  d 2  n a 2k  d 2 n a k  d  · a k  d  n
a k 1 a k 1 a k  d  a k 1 
123.  1  a 2    a 2 =  =  · a  d  a 
k 1 
ak ak a
k 1 k ak  k k 1 
k  k 1 k k 1

a a an 1   a 2 a3 a  a a  a a 
=  0 · 1 ......   · ...... n  1  =  0   n  1  =  0   n 1  [but a = a – d]
a a a  a a a n   a n   a1   a1   a n  0 1
 1 2 n   1 2

 
 
 a1  d   a n  d   d  d  1 d
=    = 1   1  =
       (n  1) d 
 a1   a n   a1   a1  
a1
 
 zero as n  

d 1 3 d 8 ·3
but 1     d
a1 4 4 a1 4
Hence d = 6. Ans.

n
4
124. L1 : y – Lim   [ r x ]  3 = 0
n  n2 r 1

x + 3 – 1 < [ x] + 3 x + 3
2x + 3 – 1 < [2x] + 3 2x + 3
3x + 3 – 1 < [3x] + 3  3x + 3

216
 LIMIT

 L =0
– 1
4

(2, 4)

–
4 L2=0

–1 
A tan 2 x
(0, 0) L3=0 C
10 , 0
3

:
:
:
nx + 3 – 1 < [nx] + 3  nx + 3
————————————
n
n (n  1) n (n  1)
x  2 n    [ r x ]  3  · x  3n
2 r1 2
n
4  n (n  1)  4 4  n (n  1) 
Lim 2
n  n 

2
·x  2n   Lim 2
 n  n
  [r x]  3  nLim 
 n 2  2
x  3n 

r 1
 
2x 2x
n
4
 Lim
n n2 r 1
  [r x]  3 = 2x
L1 : y – 2x = 0
3 
 cot 1 (i) = cot–1(2) + cot–1(3) = 4
i2

From the figure slope of the line L2 = 0 is

  1 2
tan = tan   tan 1 2  = =–3
4  1 2
 L2 : y – 4 = – 3(x – 2) 3x + y = 10

 
 

 0
2
 

L3 : y = 1  Lim     sin   x y = 0 i.e. x-axis
  
 1 

Hence tanA + tanB + tanC = tan(tan–12) + tan + tan(tan–13) = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6 Ans.
4

217
 LIMIT

125. Given +
y
  (tan x ) 2 n  x 2 
 Lim  2 ,
 x0 (0,1)
f (x) = n   sin x  (tan x ) 2n 
1, x 0 –/4
x
 x=– /2 x= /2
x=0 /4
  (0,–1)
Note : f(x) is an even function on  , .
 2 2
–
      y = tan x
Now, f   1 = f 


 4 
 4   

2

  2 

Also, f   = 16 =  = f    
 4  1 8  4 
 
2

 x2
 2 , x  (0, )
 sin x
Also, f(x) = 
 x2
 2 , x  ( , 0)
 sin x
So, f (0+) = f(0–) = 1 = f(0)
Hence, options (B), (C), (D) are correct.
1/ x
 f (x) 
126.
3
Lim 1  x   e
x 0  x 
now this is of form 1
f (x)
so =0 i.e. f (x) has atleast degree 2
x
1  f (x ) 
Lim  x  1 f (x) 
e x0 x x 
 e3 ; Lim x    3;
x 0 x x 
f (x) f (x)
Lim 1  2
 3 ; Lim 2  2
x 0 x x 0 x
2
so f (x) = 2x (as before) ]

 sec 2   12 sec   11  (sec   11)(sec   1) 

127. a2 = Lim   = Lim   = Lim sec   11
 
 sec   1     (sec   1)   

= 9 { as   , sec  is slightly less than – 1}

 a= ±3

218
 LIMIT

 1 1 
128. L = Lim   

x 0 ln (1  x )
ln ( x  1  x ) 
2
  x  1 x2 
ln  
2
ln ( x  1  x )  ln (x  1)  1  x 
L = Lim = Lim  
x 0 ln ( x  1) x 0  
x· 2
·ln ( x  1  x ) x ·ln  ( x  1  x  1)  1( x  1  x 2  1)
2
x  
2
y ( x  1  x  1)
 
 
ln  ( x  1  x 2  1)  1  ln (1  y)
note that Lim   1 ; Lim 1
x 0  x  1  x 2  1
y 0 y

y

  x  1 x2    x  1 x2  
ln   1  1  ·
 
  1 

  1 x   1 x 
    
y y
hence L = Lim
x 0   x  1 x2  
x ·   1  (x  1  x 2  1)

  1 x 
  
y

  x  1 x 2  
ln    1  1
 1 x  
   
Note that Lim 1
x 0  x  1 x 2 
  1
 1 x 
 

x  1  x 2 1 x 1  x 2 1
 L = Lim = Lim (as Lim (1 + x) = 1)
x 0
x (1  x )(x  1  x 2  1) x 0
x ( 1  x 2  x  1) x 0

( x 2  1  1)( x 2  1  1) 1 [(x 2  1)  1][ x 2  1  ( x  1)]

L = Lim Lim
= 2 x 0
x 0
( x 2  1  1) ·x ( x 2  1  x  1) x ·( x 2  1  x  1) ·[ x 2  1  ( x  1)]

1 x ·2 x 1 1
= Lim = Lim = ;  L=
x 0 2 (x 2  1)  (x  1) 2 x0 2 x 2 2

L  153 (1 2)  153
hence = (1 2) = 1 + 2 · 153 = 1 + 306 = 307 Ans.
L

219
 LIMIT

  1  
 x  n tan tan x  
  n 
 
 
129. L = Lim  1
 tan x  
x 0 n sin  
  n x 
   
Let tan–1 x = t

t
tan t  n tan 
Lim n
L = t 0 t
n sin    tan t
n

 t3 2   3 
 t    5  ....  n  t  t  1  ....
 3 15  n n 3 3 
Lim    
 t 0  t t3 1   t3 
n   3   ....   t   ....
 n n 3!   3 

1 1  1 1 
t 3   2   ... 1  2   n2 1 
= Lim  3 3n 
=
3 n 
 2   1 3
t 0 3  1 1  1 1   2n  1 
2
2n 2  1
t    2   ... 1  2   
 3 6n  3 n 

3
 f(n) = 1 – 2
2n  1
3 1
 2

2n  1 1  f (x)
3 2f ( x )
2n2 = –1 =
1  f (x) 1  f (x)
10 10
2  f (n ) 2(10) (11) ( 21)
 
1  f ( n )
 2  n2 = 6
= 10 × 11 × 7 = 770. Ans.
n 1 n 1

100 100 m
 2k 
 ( x  2k )m  1  x 
130.
k 1
Lim = Lim k 1
x  x m  51000 x   51000 
1   m 
 x 

100
1
k 1
=  100 Ans.
1 0

220
 LIMIT

1  ln x  1 1  ln x  1
2 cos sin sin( M ) M
131. L  Lim 2 2 = 2 cos 1 Lim · .
x 1 ln x x 1 M x 1

2 cos1 (1  ln x )1 2  1 cos1 ln x 1
= Lim = Lim = cos1 Ans.
2 x1 x 1 2 x1 x  1 2

x x
 2x  2 
132. Lim   (1)
x   2 x  1 

 2 x 2   3 

Lim x  x   1  
Lim x  x   
3
= ex   2 x 1  = e x   2 x 1  = e2 Ans.

 ln   1cos   
  1
 2x  6 x 
133. Lim x    tan 2 e  

x   x  6x  4 
 

 2x  6 
 tan 1 2 
x  6 x  4 2x  6

Lim x   · 2    = – 2. Ans.]
x   2x  6 x  6x  4 
 2 
 x  6x  4 
 ln x
 cot 1 ln x  
134. L = Lim   (1)
x 0  
  

 1 
tan 1   
 l n x 
 cot 1 ln x     Lim
Lim   lnx  cot 1  lnx  x 0  1  1
   Lim lnx     
x 0      ln x 
= e 
= e x 0 = e = e

 x 1 1
 ·  

 L.H.L. = f (0 )  e  x  e 

1


f (0 )  f (0 )  e   = k Ans.

Sol. 135. to 136.

135. If x  (– 2, 0) then x + 1  (– 1, 1) (x + 1)2  [0, 1)
 (x + 1)2n  0 as n  
x 2  2( x  1) 2n x2 1
 f ( x )  Lim =  f(x) = 1 –
n ( x  1) 2 n 1  x 2  1 x 2  1 x 1 2

 4   
f(x)   0,    , As. x  (– 2, 0)
 5  2 2 

221
 LIMIT

 x2
 2 ; x  (2,0)
 x 1
2
f (x) =  ; (,  2)  (0,  ) ; f (x) = tan    = tan–1(f (x) )
 x 1
1 x0
3 x  2


1  2f (x )   1 
 g(x) = tan  sin 1    g(x) = tan  2 tan 1 f ( x )
2  1  f 2 (x )   2 

 4
As f(x)   0,  = f(x)
 5

 4
so, range of g(x) is  0,  .
 5

136. If x < – 2 then x + 1 < – 1 and (x + 1)2n  as n 

x2
2
x 2  2( x  1) 2 n ( x  1) 2 n 2
 f ( x )  Lim = Lim =
n   ( x  1)  n  1  x 2  1 n x2 1 x 1
x 1  2n
( x  1)
y
–3 –2 –1
f(x)  (– 2, 0) as x  (– , – 2) x
If x  (– , – 3], then f(x)  [ – 1, 0)
–1
1  2
so, g(x) = tan  ·2 tan 1 f ( x )  = f(x) = –2
2  x 1
If x  (– 3, – 2) then f(x)  (– 2, – 1)
 

2   2 

g(x) = tan  1    2 tan 1 f ( x )  =  tan   tan 1 f ( x ) = cot tan 1 f ( x )
  
 1  1 x 1
= cot     cot 1  = f (x) = .
 f (x)  2

sin(x  3) g( x )
Now, Lim
x  3 x 2  4x  3
sin( x  3) 2 2 1
 Lim ·  
x   3 ( x  3) ( x  1) ( x  1) 4 2
sin( x  3) x 1 1
and Lim ·  . Ans.
x  3  ( x  3) (x  1) 2 2

222
 LIMIT

 
137. sin x < x , x   0,   sin (sin x) < sin x  sin sin ........sin( x )  0 as n 
 2   
n times


Also as x 
4
;  
2 cos x  2  3

 n n
 2 cos x  2 
 sin ......sin sin x       2  cos x
 3  3
    
 Lim n
, x   ,    ( by 3n )
 n
 2  2 cos x   4 4 
 1  sin x  

 3 
 f (x) =  n n
     2 
   sin sin ....sin( x )  1    cos x
Lim  2  2 cos x   2  2 cos x   
 n  n
  n
, x    ,  (  by 2 cos x  2 )
 3  4 4
    sin x
  2  2 cos x 

   
 0, x  ,  
4 4 
f (x) = 
 1    
, x    , 
 sin x 4 4

 Lim f (x )  0  l  Lim f ( x )  2  m
 

x x
4 4
 l2 + m2 = 2. Ans.

1
tan 1 x  tan 1  tan 1 3
138. y sin 1 ( y  2)
L Lim ·
( x , y) (1, 2) ( x  1) ( y  2)

1
x
y
tan 1  tan 1 3
1
1
y sin 1 ( y  2)
 Lim ·
( x , y )  (1, 2 ) ( x  1) ( y  2)

 1 ( xy  1) 
 tan  tan 1 3  1
 Lim 
yx  · sin ( y  2)
( x , y ) (1, 2 )  ( x  1)  ( y  2)
 
 

223
 LIMIT

xy  1
L to exist tan 1  tan 1 3 (Important step)
yx
xy  1
=3
yx
xy + 1 = 3y – 3x
3y  1
x=
3 y
3x  1
 f–1(x) =
3 x

f 1( x ) 1 3
 Lim =  . Ans.
x
1 3x  1 1 10
3 3
3
 1  1  1   1 
139. Ln = 1  1  1  2  1  23  ....... 1  n
 


 2  2  2   22 
1
multiply and divided by 1
2

 1 1 1  1   1 
Ln = 2 1  2  1  2  1  2  1  23  ....... 1  n
 


   2  2   22 
 1 
Ln = 2 1  2n  1   2 .
 2 
For M
5k · 3k 5k  1 5 
=  k  k 1 k 1 
5 k
 3k  5 k 1
 3k 1  2 5 3 k
5 3 

1  5k 5k 1 

= 2 k k  k 1 k 1 
 5  3 5  3 

1 n  5k 5k 1  1 5 5n  1 
 Mn = 2   5k  3k  5k  1  3k  1  = 2  5  3  5n  1  3n  1 
  
k 1    

1  5 5n  1  1 5  3
M  Lim   n  1 n  1     1 
n 2 2
 5 3  2 2  4
 L + 4M = 5. Ans.

224
 LIMIT

140. n< n2  n 1 < n + 1

 2  n 1 1
so, Lim f  n  n  1  = Lim n 2  n  1  n = Lim 2 =
n   n n 
n  n 1  n 2
n
 na  1 
141. l = Lim 1  n   1
n n 
 na 1 
Lim n ·  n 
 n 
= e  [e] = 2 Ans.
n 
=e

  x     
tan   cosec2    tan   cosec2 (1  h ) 
 2
   Lim  2 
142. Given limit = Lim 2
= 2 (where x = 1 + h)
x 1 ln x h  0 ln (1  h )

 h 
tan   sec 2 
 2   ln (1  h ) 
= Lim Lim  1
h 0 h2  h 0 h 

 h   h  h
tan   sec 2      sec 2    tan 2 2 3
= Lim
 2   2  Lim
= 2     =  . Ans.
2 h 2
h 0 h  2  h 0
2   2 4
  sec   h   
 2   2

Sol. 143. to 144

143. Let P(a cos , a sin ) then OQ = b + a cos 
= 1 + a cos  (as b is 1) R
P
so QR = (1 + a cos ) a •
(1  a cos ) 1  a cos  
Lim Lim O Q
so n i.e.
0  0  n 1
Clearly a = – 1
n – 1 = 2 i.e. n = 3 and l = 1/2
1 1 5
so a+n+l =–1+3+ =2+ =
2 2 2
144. Let m be (C, 0) N
So MN = C sin 
Also QR =  (b + a cos )  (C,0)
•
m
O
 (b  a cos )  C sin  C
So Lim
0 3

225
 LIMIT

   2 4    3 5 
  b  a 1       C      .......
 
= Lim
0
  2! 4 !    3! 5! 
3


a C 5  a C 
 (a  b  c)  3         ......
Lim
= 0  2! 3!   4! 5! 
3

Now for limit to exist a + b + c = 0
a C
& Limit is –   
2 6 
So b = 2 so C = (– 2 – a) i.e. point is (–2 – a, 0)

Sol. 145. to 146

x = e2t – 2et + 3
x = (et – 1)2 + 2
x = y2 + 2
y2 = x – 2
As t  (– , 0]
 et  (0, 1]
 et – 1  (– 1, 0]
 (et – 1)2  [0, 1)
x = (e – 1)2 + 2  [2, 3)
t

y = et – 1  (– 1, 0]
 y =  x  2  f (x)
(gof) (x) = f –1o g–1(x) = x  x  domain of f.
–1

 f and g are inverse of each other.

y2 + 2 = x  g(x) = x2 + 2
145. (A) g(x) = x2 + 2  x  (–1, 0]  Range of 'f' = Domain of 'g'.
(B) and (C) Domain of g(x) is (– 1, 0], therefore function can not be even or odd.
(D) Since, g(0) = 2 therefore its odd extension cannot exist

9  4g ( x ) 9  4( x 2  2)
146. Lim = Lim
x 
1
2

sin 1 2x  1   cos1 2 x  1 x 
1
2

sin 1 2x  1   cos1 2 x  1 
1  4x 2 (1  2 x ) (1  2x )
= Lim = Lim1
x 
1

sin 1 2 x  1   cos1 2x  1 x  sin (2x  1) (  cos 1 (2 x  1))
1
2 2

 1 
1  2 
 2  2 4
=
  

2 2

226
 LIMIT

3x 2  ax  a  1
147. f (x) =
( x  2)(x  1)
as x  1, Dr  0 hence as x  1, Nr  0
 3 + 2a + 1 = 0  a=–2 (A)
as x  – 2, Dr  0 hence as x  – 2, Nr  0
 12 – 2a + a + 1 = 0  a = 13  (B)
3x 2  2 x  1 (3x  1)(x  1)
now Lim f ( x ) = Lim = Lim
x 1 ( x  2)( x  1)
= 4/3  (C)
x0 x 1 ( x  2)( x  1)

3x 2  13x  14 (3x  7)(x  2) 1

now Lim = xLim =–  (D)]
x  2 ( x  2)(x  1)  2 ( x  2)( x  1) 3

 x 2  2 x  x  x 2  2x  x 
2x 2
148. Lim f ( x )  Lim    = Lim = = –1
x   x    x 2  2 x  x  x    2  2
   x  1   1
 x 
 x 2  2 x  x  x 2  2x  x 
2x 2
And Lim g( x )  Lim    = Lim   1 Ans.
x  x 
x 2  2x  x
x   2  2
x  1   1
 x 
149. f(x) = 2 0 < x < 1
0 x=1
1 x>1
 Range of f = {0, 1, 2} = A. (for surjective)
 Number of elements in A = 3. Ans.
n
    
150. L = Lim  tan    (1)
n   4 n 
 1 tan  n   2 tan n 
Lim n   1  Lim ·
n   1 tan   n   n  n
= e =e = e2
 l = 2Ans.]

151. Let  +  +  = 
Hence cos( + ) + cos( + ) + cos( + ) = cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – )
= cos  cos   sin  sin 
= 2 cos2 + 2sin2 = 2
Hence a = 2

x2  4
 Lim = 2 Ans.
x 2 x2  x  2

227
 LIMIT

152. When m = 1 , n = 1
1  cos x  
lim sin   = sin 0 = 0
x 0  x 
When m = 1; n = 2
1  cos x  
lim sin   = sin (/2) = 1
x 0  x2 

When m = n = 2


  1  cos 2 x
lim sin 
  1  cos x  1  cos x   = sin () = 0
x 0 x2  = xlim
0 sin  
   x2 
When m = 3; n = 2

lim sin 

  1  cos3 x   1  cos x  1  cos 2 x  cos x   3 
 = – 1 Ans.
x 0 x2  = xlim
0
sin 
 2
 = sin 
 2
   x   

 1
n ln  1  
153. e e  n 1
Lim 
n  n

  M   
 n ln 1 1   1 
 
 e  n   1
 
 
Lim  
= Lim
eM  1
·
M  
n  n n  M n

 1
n ln  1    1
 n
Lim  =c
n n

 1 1 1 
n   2  ......  1
n n 2
Lim  

n n
for limit to exist  = – 1.
1
 Limt is =c
2
1 1
 c–= – ( 1) =
2 2
 24 (c – ) = 12. Ans.

228
 LIMIT

  1  
 sin   
 cos  1    x   7 
 1   1    x 2  1 5
 x 
x 5 cos 2   x 6 sin    7 
 x   x  x
154. Lim 5
 Lim  
x  | x | 6 | x | 7 x    6 7 
 1  4  5 
 x x 

 1 
1   0 
   1  1 
 =   Ans.
1 0  0  
4n
155. As, Tn =
1  4n 4
 2 1  1
  n  n     n2  n   
n n 1  2  2
 Tn = 1 = = 
 n4  2 1  2 1 2  2 1 2 1 
 n  n   n  n    n  n   n  n   
4  2  2   2 2 

 
1  1 1 
 Tn =  
2 1 1
n2  n  n2  n  
 2 2
Putting n = 1, 2, 3, ........, n – 1, k, we get

 
1 1 1 
T1 =   
2 1 1
 2 
2 2

1  1 1 
T2 =   
2  2 1 / 2 6 1/ 2 

 
1 1 1 
T3 =   
2  6 1 1
12  

 2 2

1  1 1 
Tk =  2  2 
2  k  k  1/ 2 k  k 1/ 2 
(Adding)
--------------------------------------------------------------

229
 LIMIT

 
1  1 
= 2  
2  2 1
 k k 
 2
1  8k  k 2
 k 1  8k  k 2
4n  1
So, Lim  
k  4

= 1  2

 1 

 n  1 1  4n   2k  2k  1 

Lim k 2 8 k 1
1
k    2 k 2  2 k 1 1
( )
=e = e2 = Ans.
e

  (a  1)(a 2  a  3)  2 
156. g(x) = Lim  x 2  4(p  1)  x  (a  1) (4a  9a  3) 
a 1   
  (a  1)(a  3)  (a  1) (a  3) 
2
g(x) = x – 5(p – 1) x + 4
For the existence of limit for all k  R as x  k
D0
25 (p – 1) 2 – 16  0  (5 (p – 1) – 4) (5 (p – 1) + 4)  0

1 9 
p  , .
5 5 

157. Given limit  sin  sin   1 this is possible only when    
2

 r  1 r  r  1  r  1 . r  1
159. Tr 
r3 r r
n
1 2 n  2 n 1   3 4 n n 1  n  1 1
 TTr r
  . .....
2 3
.   . .....
n 1 n   2 3 n 1 n 
 
2n
 .
2
]
r 2

160. LHL = Lim (sin-1 [sin x] + cos–1 [cos x] – 2 tan–1 [tan x])
x 0
= sin–1 (–1) + cos–1(0) – 2 tan–1 (–1)
    
=– + – 2  =
2 2  4 2
RHL = Lim (sin-1 [sin x] + cos–1 [cos x] – 2 tan–1 [tan x]) = sin–1 0 + cos–1 0 – 2 tan–1 0

x 0

 
=0+ –0=
2 2

 Given limit =
2

230
 Continuity & Differentiability
Questions
n
a x 1  b sin x  sin bx 
  x  0
 x n sin x  cos x  cos bx 
01 If f (x) =


 a x sin bx  b x sin ax
x0
tan bx  tan ax
is continuous at x = 0 (a, b > 0 ,b  1, a  b). Find f (O+) and f (O–) and obtain relation between a,
b and n.

02 Let f (x) = cosec 2x + cosec 22 x + cosec 23 x + .......... cosec 2n x, x 0, 2 

and g (x) = f (x) + cot 2n x
g( x) cos ec x
 (cos x)  (sec x) if x  0

If H (x) =  p if x  0
 e x  e  x  2 cos x
 if x  0
x sin x
Find the value of p, if possible to make the function H (x) continuous at x = 0.

Min  f (t ) / 0  t  x for 0  x  2
03(mcq) Let f(x) = cos x and H(x) =   
, then
2  x for 2
 x  3
(A) H (x) is continuous & derivable in [0, 3] (B) H(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = /2
(C) H(x) is neither cont. nor deri. at x = /2 (D) Maximum value of H(x) in [0,3] is 1

x 2  x  1, if x  0 2x  a , if x  0
04 f (x) =  2
and g(x) = | x  2 |, if x  0 where a is non negative real number and
(x  3)  2b, if x  0 
b is any real number. If fog(x) is continuous for all real x, then find the sum of all possible distinct values
of a & b.

05 Let f be a real valued differentiable function on R such that f ' (1) = 6 and f ' (2) = 2.
f (3 cos h  4 sin h  2)  f (1)
Then Lim is equal to
h 0 f (3 e h  5 sec h  4)  f (2)
(A) 24 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 2

06 Let g(x) = ef (x) where g(x) is a differentiable function on (0, ) such that g(x + 1) = (x + 1)g(x).
Then for n = 1, 2, 3........
f ' (n + 1) – f '(1) =
1 1 1  1 1 1 
(A) – 4  2  2  ......  2  (B) 4  2  2  ......  2 
1 2 n  1 2 n 
1 1 1 1 1 1
(C) 1    ......  (D)   ...... 
2 3 n 2 3 n 1

231
 Continuity & Differentiability

[ x ], if  3  x  0
07. If f (x) = 2x  1, if 0  x  2 and g (x) = f (| x |) + | f (x) |, then evaluate Lim g( x )
 x0

n
 x   x 
08 Given f(x) =  tan 2k  sec 2 k 1  ; k, n  N
k 1

n
 x
& g(x) = Lim
n   1  tan 2 2r  ; r, n  N
r 1

  x 
 ln 1  f ( x )  tan n 
  2 
 ; x0
If h(x) =  x then

g( x ) ; x0
k ; x0

(A) if k = 0, f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) if k = 1, h(x) is continuous at x = 0

(C) if k  R, h(x) is cotinuous at x = 0 (D) h(x) can not be made continuous at x = 0 for any k

09 Let  be the number of possible integral values of a for which ax – x2 < 1  x  R.

Number of points of non-derivability of the function g(x) = [3 + 4 sin x] in (0, ) is
[Note: [k] denotes largest integer less than or equal to k.]

a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2
10. If f ( x )  , x  0 then the value of f(0) such that f(x) is continuous
ax  ax
at x = 0 (where a > 0 ), is
1 1
(A) (B) (C) a (D)  a
a a

11. Let f(x), f : R  R be a non-constant continuous function such that (ex – 1) f(2x) = (e2x – 1) f(x)
1
 f (x)  x
If f ' (0) = 1, then Lim   equal to
x0 x 

(A) e (B) e1/2 (C) e2 (D) e–2

 1
 [x] , 0  {x} 
2 , x    7 7
12. Let f(x) =   2 , 2  .
1
| x |,  {x}  1
 2
If L is number of point of discontinuity and M is the number of point on non-differentiability of the
function f(x), then find the value of (L + M).

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 Continuity & Differentiability

13. Let f be an injective function with domain [a, b] and range [c, d]. If  is a point in (a, b) such that f
has left hand derivative l and right hand derivative r at x =  with both l and r non-zero different
and negative, then left hand derivative and right hand derivative of f–1 at x = f() respectively, is
1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) r, l (C) , (D) l, r
r l l r
14. Statement-1: The number of points where function f ( x )  x (e x  1) ( x  1) tan 1 ( x 2  3x  4)
is non-derivable is 1.
Statement-2: For a differentiable function g(x), h(x) = g ( x ) is differentiable at x = x0 where x0 is
either a repeated root of the equation g(x) = 0 or g (x0)  0.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

15.(mcq) The graph of a function y = f(x) is shown in the figure. One f (x)

more function y = g(x) is defined as 2

 f ( x )  2, x0 1
 f (x ), x0
  1 1 3 x
g( x )    , 0x –2 – 3 –1 O 1 3 2
 f ( x ) 2 2 2 2

  f ( x ), 3 –1

 x
2 –2

Identify the correct statement(s)?

[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k]
(A) Range of g(x) is [– 4, ). (B) Lim  g( x )   1 .

x 0
3
(C) g(x) is continuous at x = 0. (D) g(x) is discontinuous at x = ± .
2

16.(mcq)Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(A) If f(x) is discontinuous and g(x) is continuous at x = a g (a )  0 ,
f (x)
then must be discontinuous at x = a.
g( x )
(B) If f(x) is defined in [a, b] and f(a) f(b) < 0, then the equation f(x) = 0
has atleast one real root in (a, b ).
(C) If f(x) is continuous at x = a (f (a)  0) and g (x) is discontinuous at x = a,
then the functionh (x) = f(x) g(x) must be discontinuous at x = a.
(D) If fog (x) is continuous at x = a and g(x) is also continuous at x = a, then f(x) must be continuous
at x = a.

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 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for Question no. 17 to 19

Consider a function f(x) = sin–1[x] cos–1{x} where [ ] denotes G.I.F. and { } denotes fractional part
of x then answer following questions?

17(mcq)Find the correct statements above f(x)?

(A) Domain is [–1, 1] (B) Domain is [–1, 2)
  2   2 
(C) Range is  , . (D) Range is    ,   .
4 4 
  4 4

18 Find the correct statements above continuity and differentiability of f(x)?

(A) continuous at x = 0. (B) continuous at x = 1.
(C) differentiale at x = 0. (D) differentiable at x = 1.

19(mcq) Find the correct statements about nature of f(x).

(A) Lim f ( x ) exists and equal to zero. (B) Lim
x1
f ( x ) exists and equal to zero.
x0
(C) f(x) is injective  x  (–1, 0). (D) f(x) is injective  x  (1, 2).
x
20(mcq)Let f : R+  R be a continuous function satisfying f   = f(x) – f(y)  x, y  R+ . If f '(1) = 1,
 y
then
(A) f is unbounded  
(B) f (x) = Lim n x1 / n  1 ,  x > 0
n

f (1  x )
(C) Lim 1 (D) Lim x f (x )  0
x 0 x x 0

n n
21(mcq) Let f(x) be a differentiable function satisfying the relation f ( x )   x k  f ( y)   y k  (x – y)2 ,
k 1 k 1

for all x, y  R and f (0) = 1

1
(A) Lim f    2
n  2 

f ( x )  f (1)
(B) For n = 100 , Lim = 5050
x 1 x 1
(C) For n = 3, sgn (f(x)) is discontinuous at exactly are point
(D) For n = 4, sgn (f '(x)) is discontinuous at exactly are point.

22. If f(x) is defined  x  R and is discontinuous only at x = 0 such that

f 3(x) – 6 f 2(x) + 11 f(x) – 3 = 3  x  R, then the number of such functions is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 24

234
 Continuity & Differentiability

n
 x 
23. Given f (x) =  tan  xr  sec  r  1

; r, nN
r 1 2  2
n

g (x) = Lim
   
ln f ( x)  tan 2xn  f ( x)  tan 2xn ·  sin tan 2x 
   
n n

1  f ( x)  tan 2xn 

= k for x = and the domain of g (x) is (0 , /2).
4
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Find the value of k, if possible, so that g (x) is continuous at x = /4. Also state the points of
discontinuity of g (x) in (0 , /4) , if any.

24. A function f is defined on an interval [a, b]. Which of the following statement(s) is/are INCORRECT?
(mcq) (A) If f (a) and f (b), have opposite sign, then there must be a point c  (a, b) such that f (c) = 0.
(B) If f is continuous on [a, b], f (a) < 0 and f (b) > 0, then there must be a point c  (a, b) such that
f (c) = 0
(C) If f is continuous on [a, b] and there is a point c in (a, b) such that f (c) = 0, then f (a) and f (b)
have opposite sign.
(D) If f has no zeroes on [a, b], then f (a) and f (b) have the same sign.

 2  cos x 3 
25. The function f(x) =  3   is not defined at x = 0. How should the function be defined at
x sin x x 4 
x = 0 to make it continuous at x = 0.

26. Let f be an odd continuous function defined on set of real number such that f (p) = (–1)p p,
where p is any prime natural number then find the minimum number of real roots of f(x) = 0.

e 2f ( x )  2e f ( x )  1  e 2 cos( x  1) 7 2
27 If for a differentiable function y = f(x), f ' (x )  0 Lim  e
x 1 sec 2 ( x  1)  1 2
and area of the triangle formed by the tangent drawn to the curve y = f(x) at 1, f (1)  and co-ordinate
1
axes is , then find the value of .

x
28(mcq) Let  is the number of solution of 3{x} + [x2 – 2x + 3] = 0 and f(x) = xa  bxcosx  csinx , x  (a 1)
x5
is continuous at x = , then
1
(A) f() = (B) a + b + c = 0 (C) 4 abc = – 3 (D) a – c = 5b
120
[Note : { y } and [ y ] denotes fraction part of function and greatest integer function of y.]

n 1
x
29. Let f (x) = nLim

 ( r x  1) {( r  1) x  1} , then
r 0

235
 Continuity & Differentiability

(A) f (x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 0

(B) f (x) is both continuous and derivable at x = 0
(C) f (x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 0
(D) f (x) has non removable finite type of discontinuity at x = 0.
0, x  I
30(mcq) Let f(x) = [x] and g(x) =  2 , then (Here [ ] denotes G.I.F.)
 x , x  I

(A) Lim
x 1 g(x) exists, but g(x) is not continuous at x = 1
(B) g (x) is discontinuous  x  I
(C) gof is continuous for all x
(D) fog is continuous for all x

31(mcq) Consider the function f : R  A given by f(x) = x + [x] where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or
equal to x and A is the range of the function. Then which of the following is/are correct?
[x]
(A) f –1(x) exists and is given by f –1(x) = x   x  A.
2
(B) f –1(x) exists and is given by f –1(x) = x – [x]  x  A.
(C) f(x) is a continuous function.
(D) f –1(x) is a continuous function.

32. For x  (0, ), let f(x) = lnx + x + 1.

 ln ( 3 e )
 1  15(x  2)  tan( x  2) ; 1  x  2
  x2 1 

If g(x) =  27e 3 ; x2
  e f (x )
 2e 3 
  ; 2  x3
  sin x cos 2  cos x sin 2 

is continuous in [1,3] then find the value of 

33. A derivable function f : R+  R satisfies the condition f (x) – f (y)  ln x y  + x – y for every x, y 
100
1
R+. If g denotes the derivative of f then compute the value of the sum  g  .
n 1  n 

34. Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero satisfies the equation,
f(x + yn) = f(x) + (f(y))n for all real x & y and f  (0)0 where n (> 1) is an odd natural number. Find
f(10).

236
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for questions nos. 35 to 37

Let f be a differentiable function satisfying the relation
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) – 2 xy + (ex – 1)(ey – 1)  x, y  R and f ' (0) = 1.
35. {f (2)} is equal to
(A) e2 – 5 (B) e2 – 6 (C) e2 – 7 (D) e2 – 8
Note: {y} denotes the fraction part function of y.
f (2 x )  4 x 2  2 x
36. The value of Lim is
x 0 x2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

37. Let g (x) = f (x) + x2 – 2. If the equation | g (|x|) | = k has four distinct solutions then the set of values
of k is
(A) (0, 1) (B) (– 2, 2) (C) (0, 3) (D) (0, 2)

{x 2}, 1  x  1

38. Let f (x) = | 1  2 x |, 1 x  2
(1  x 2 ) sgn( x 2  3x  4), 2  x  4

If m denotes the number of points of discontinuity of f (x) in [– 1, 4] and n denotes the number of
points of non-derivability of f (x) in (– 1, 4) then (m + n) equals
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
[Note: {k} and sgn(k) denote fractional part function and signum function of k respectively)]

39(mcq) Let g(x) and h(x) be two quadratic polynomials with leading coefficient as unity.
g ([x ])
If g(0) = c, h(0) = b, g (1) = 0, h (1) = 0 and b + c = – 1, also f (x)=
h ([ x ])
([ ] represents greatest integer function). Which of the following holds good?
(A) domain of f (x) is R – [1, 2) if b  I
(B) domain of f (x) is R – [1, 2)  [b, b + 1) if b  I
c
(C) Lim f ( x )  , if b  0
x 1 b
1
(D) f (x) is continuous if b = c = –
2

  q tan t  (1  sin x ) 
Lim 
t 0  
t  (  2 x ) 2
, x
2


1   p sin    
40. Let f (x) =  Lim    , x
 2  0      2
 3
1  sin x , x 

 3 cos 2 x 2
where p, q are natural numbers and [ ] denotes greatest integer function. If f (x) is continuous at

237
 Continuity & Differentiability


x= then find the value of (p + q).
2

41(mcq) If f(x) = sgn ((sin2x – sin x – 1) (sin2x + sin x + 1)) = 0 has exactly 4 points of discontinuity for
x  (0, n), n  N then the value of n may be equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

n  Lim f ( x )  2n x 2n  2 (1  x 2 ) , x  0,  1
42(mcq) Let f (x) =  ( x  x ) , x  1 and g (x) =  n
r r 2

r 1   1, x  0,  1
then g (x)
(A) is discontinuous at x = – 1
(B) is continuous at x = 2
(C) has a removable discontinuity at x = 1
(D) has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 1

43(mcq) Which of the following function(s) is/are continuous at x = 0 (where Q is the set of rational numbers.)?
 | x | xQ
(A) f(x) = 
 | x | x  Q
 x2  2 x Q
(B) f(x) =  2
 x  2 x  Q
{x} x  Q
(C) f(x) =  where {x} and [x] denote the fractional part function and greatest integer
[ x ] x  Q
function of x, respectively.
 x xQ
(D) f(x) = 
1  x xQ

44. Let f (x) = cosec 2x + cosec 22 x + cosec 23 x + .......... cosec 2n x, x 0, 2

and g (x) = f (x) + cot 2n x
g( x) cos ec x
 (cos x)  (sec x) if x  0

If H (x) =  p if x  0
 e x  e  x  2 cos x
 if x  0
x sin x
Find the value of p, if possible to make the function H (x) continuous at x = 0.

45 Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6} and a, c are natural numbers selected from set X with replacement.
x 2  x , x  1 x 2  cx, x  2
Let f (x) =  2 , g (x) =  2
x  ax , x  1 x  4 x , x  2
and h (x) = f(x) . g(x), x  R.
N1 = Number of function h(x) such that f (x) and g(x) are both discontinuous.

238
 Continuity & Differentiability

N2 = Number of function h (x) such that h (x) is continuous at x = 1 and

discontinuous at x = 2 but f (x) and g(x) are both discontinuous.
N3 = Number of function h (x) such that h (x) is discontinuous at x = 1 and
continuous at x = 2.
Find the value of (N1 + N2 + N3).

46 Let f (x) be a continuous function satisfying

f 3 x   5f 2 x   10f x   12  0 , f 2 x   4f x   3  0 and f 2 x   6f x   8  0 and A is the area
bounded by the line y = x, y = f (x) and x = 0. Find the value of 10A.

47. Let y = f(x) be a differentiable function which satisfies the functional rule f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) – x – y +
   1  
xy, x  R+, y  R and f '(1) = 2. If g is the inverse of f , then find the value of g  f '     .
   e  
[Note : [y] denotes greatest integer function  y.]
f ( x )  x 2 n g( x )
48. x2
Let f(x) = + ax + 3 and g(x) = x + b, where F(x) = Lim .
n 1  x 2n
If F(x) is continuous at x = 1 and x = – 1 then find the value of (a2 + b2).

49. Let f(x) be a function defined in [0, 5] such that f 2(x) = 1  x  [0, 5] and f(x) is discontinuous only at
all integers in [0, 5]. Find total number of possible functions.

50. Consider a function,

   4x 2  
 ln 1  ax  4   a 
   x  1

 ,  1  x  1; x  0
  4x2 
f (x)   b 
x 4 1 
 e bx  e 

 tan bx  tan b 1  cos 2bx 
 , 1 x  2
 2x  1

where [ k ] denote greatest integer less than or equal to k.

If f(x) is continuous in (– 1,0)  (0, 2) and passing through the point (1, ln 2) then find the value of
(1 + a + 2b2).

51. Let f : R  R be a function defined as

1  x , x 1
f(x) = 
0, x 1
and g(x) = f(x – 1) + f(x + 1)  x  R.
Find number of points of non-differentiability of g(x) on R.

239
 Continuity & Differentiability

 1 x  1
52(mcq) Let f be a function defined by f ( x )   tan x  1 , x  1
0 , x  1

then which of the following is(are) incorrect.
(A) Lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x  1

(B) Lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x  1

(C) f is discontinuous at x = – 1 because Lim f ( x )  f(–1).

x  1

(D) f is discontinuous because Lim f ( x )  Lim f ( x ) .

x  1 x  1

1  ex , x0

53(mcq) Consider the function f (x) =  x  2 , 0  x  3

3
6 , x 3
x
Which of the following is(are) correct?
(A) f(x) is continuous  x R
(B) f(x) is non-derivable  x R
(C) f(x) is bounded
(D) f(x) has exactly one horizontal asymptote

54. Let f : R+  R+ be a differentiable function such that f(xn) = 2 f(xn – 1), n  N, n  2.

If k · f '(2n) = f '(2), then the value of k is
(A) n !
1
(B)
n!
(C) n
1
(D)
n

55. Let f(x) be continuous function  x  R except at x = 1 such that f '(x) > 0  x  (1, ) and
1
f ' (x) < 0  x  (– , 1) such that f (1+) = and f (1–) = 2, f (1) = 1 then Lim f (cos3 x  sin 2 x )
2 x0
is equal to
1
(A)
2
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 0

240
 Continuity & Differentiability

x e[ x ]  |x|  
, x0
 [x ] | x |

56(mcq) Let f (x) =  22
 , x 0
7
where [y] denotes largest integer  y. Then which of the following hold(s) good?
(A) f (x) is continuous at x = 0. (B) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
(C) f (x) is derivable at x = 0. (D) f (x) is non-derivable at x = 0.
 f (3  sin 3 h )  f (3  sin 2 h ) 
57. Let f be a differentiable function on R and f '(3) = 2, then Lim  2


h 0
 h 
is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

58. Let f(x) be a differentiable function satisfies f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y  R and f '(0) = 1,
2f (tan x )  2f (sin x )
then Lim is equal to
x 0 x 2f (sin x )
1 1 1
(A) ln 2 (B) ln 2 (C) ln 2 (D) ln 2
2 4 8

59. If graphs of | y | = f (x) and y = | f(x) | are given as below (a, b > 0).
y y
• c • c

x –a a x
–b –a 0 a b –b 0 b

• –c
| y | = f(x)
Then identify the correct statement.
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at 2 points
(B) f(x) is discontinuous at 2 points
(C) f(x) is discontinuous at 3 points
(D) f(x) is discontinuous at 3 points
•
y = | f(x) |
in [–b, b] and non-differentiable at 2 points in (–b, b).
in [–b, b] and non-differentiable at 3 points in (–b, b).
in [–b, b] and non-differentiable at 3 points in (–b, b).
in [–b, b] and non-differentiable at 4 points in (–b, b).

60. If A, B, C are angles of an acute angled triangle with A < B < C and
1
 cosec B sin C x
 1 
f ( x )  1  sin A  x  , x  0 is right continuous at x = 0 then the value of k is equal to
  
 k, x0
sin A sin C
(A) e sin B (B) eABC (C) e (D) 1

241
 Continuity & Differentiability

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), | x |  2
61. Let, f(x) =   3x 2  | x | 3 
 , |x|  2
  x2 1 
  
where [x] denotes largest integer less than or equal to x.
Number of points where the function f(x) is discontinuous is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

  1 
  x x 1  e 
 2  
62. Let f (x) =   (1  x )   , x 1
e (1  cos x )
 k, x 1

If f (x) is continuous at x = 1, then the value of k, is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

max . f ( t ) , x  1  t  x, 0  x 1
63 Let f(t) = t  t  1  t  R and g (x) = 3  x, 1 x  2

Number of points where g(x) is non-derivable in [0, 2], is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

64. Let f(x) = Lim sin2nx, then number of points where f(x) is discontinuous is
n 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many

 f ( x )  ln  1  x  (b  2) x  1   a tan x  2 ,  2  x  0
1

 b, x0
65. If f (x) =    x 
ln  4   
 1 2x   2  1
 ( c  2 ) sin {x}  e  e
, 0x2
x2
is derivable in (– 2, 2) then find the value of (9a2 + b2 + c2).
[Note: {y} denotes fractional part of y.]

Paragraph for question nos. 66 to 68

max . {t 3  t 2  t  1, 0  t  x}, 0  x  1
Let f(x) = min . {3  t ,1  t  x} 1 x  2


242
 Continuity & Differentiability

max . { 3 t 4  1 t 3  3 t 2  1, 0  t  x}, 0  x  1
8 2 2
and g(x) = min . { 3 t  1 sin 2 t  5 , 1 t  x}
 8 32 8
1 x  2
66 The function f(x),  x  [0, 2] is
(A) continuous and differentiable (B) continuous but not differentiable
(C) discontinuous and not differentiable (D) none

67 Which of the following is true?

(A) Lim fog(x) > xLim

1
gof(x) (B) Lim fog(x) < xLim
1
gof(x)
x  1¯ x 1¯

(C) Lim fog(x) = xLim

1
gof(x) (D) none of these
x  1¯

d d
68. Let Z(x) =
dx
 
f ( x ) g ( x ) and Y(x) = 
dx

g( x ) f ( x ) then Z(x) and Y(x) vanish simultaneously at

1
(A) x = – (B) x = 0 (C) x = 1 (D) No real value of x
3

69. Consider the function f defined as

 e 3 cot x 1  sin 2x  a  cos x  sin x  

 2
, x
   4
  x  
 4
 

f ( x )   P[P]  2  2, x .
 4
 2  1  sin 2 x  
b  3  1  sin 2 x  sin 2 2x  , x
4
  



If f(x) is continuous at x = then the value of [a + b + n] where n is number of integral values of P..
4
[Note : [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equals to y

 tan[x 2 ]
  ax 3  b, 0  x 1 1
70 If f (x) =  ax 2 is differentiable in x  (0, 2]. Then a = and
 2 cos x  tan 1 x, k
 1 x  2

 26
b = 4  k . Then find the value of (k2 – k1).
2

243
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for question nos 71 to 73

A function f (x) is said to be differentiable at x = c, if f ' (c+) = f ' (c–) = a finite quantity. Also f (x) is
said to be bounded if | f (x) | < n  x for which f (x) is defined (where n is finite)
 1 
71. Let f : R  R and c  R such that Lim n f  c    f (c)  = a (a  R) then
n   n 
(A) f ' (c) exists and is equal to a (B) f ' (c) does not exists
(C) f ' (c) exists but is not equal to a (D ) f ' (c) may or may not exist.

72. If Lim f ( x )  0 and Lim f ( x )  0 and f (x) be continuous on R (f(x) is not a constant function).
x  x  
Then
(A) f (x) is bounded on R and attains both maximum and minimum on R.
(B) f (x) is unbounded on R but attains minimum on R.
(C) f (x) is bounded on R and attains either maximum or minimum or both on R.
(D) f is unbounded.
x a sin( x  c ) x  0
73. f (x) is defined on [0, 1] and f (x) = 0 x  0 where a, c  R and c > 0

(A) f ' (0) exists if 0 < a < 1 (B) f (x) is continuous if a < 0
(C) f ' (x) is bounded and continuous if a > c (D) f (x) and f ' (x) are continuous if a > 1 + c.

74. Let f (x), g (x) and h (x) be continuous and differentiable function such that
1 1  1  
f  cos ec  = g  n tan  = h  2n 2 1  cos 1   = 0  n  N.
n n  n  n  
 
If F (x) = f (x) + g (x) + h (x) then
(A) F (x) = 0  x  (0, 1] (B) F (1) = 0 and F ' (1) = 0
(C) F ' (x) = 0 = F '' (x)  x  (0, 1] (D) F (1) = 0 but F ' (1) need not to be zero.

75. Let f (x) = max. { x 2  2 | x | , | x |} and g (x) = min. { x 2  2 | x | , | x |}. If L denotes number of
points where f(x) is non-derivable and M denotes the number of points where g(x) is non-derivable,
then find the value of (L + M).

     2
76.
 2  2 2
2
Let f : 0,   [– 1, 1] and g : 0,   [– 1, 1] be two functions defined as f(x) = sin  x  x 

 
 3
  3
and g(x) = cos  x  x  respectively, where [x] denotes greatest integer function of x
2 
and p denotes number of points of discontinuity of f (x) and q denotes number of points of
non-differentiability of g(x) then find the value of (p2 + q2)

244
 Continuity & Differentiability

77. Let f(x) be a differentiable function satisfying f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy – x – y – 1  x, y > 0

2  x 1
2 f 
and Lim 2  f (1  h ) = 2. If L = Lim x  x 
then find the absolute value of L.
h 0 h x
1
1  cos
3x

78. Let R be the set of real numbers and f : R  R, be a differentiable function such that
|f(x) – f(y)|  |x – y|3  x, y  R . If f(10) = 100, the value of f(20) is equal to

 2 2 1
 (2n  1) x  x  (n  n ) nxn 
79. Let f (x)  2 (n  I).
1
 n 1 x n   x  n 1
 2
Find the number of values of x where f (x) is non derivable in (– 5, 5).

x 2  kx  1
80. Let f (x) = . The interval(s) of all possible values of k for which f is continuous for every
x2  k
x  R, is
(A) (– , – 2] (B) [–2, 0) (C) R – (– 2, 2) (D) (– 2, 2)

81(mcq) The f (x) = [cos x] in [0, 2] is discontinuous at

(A) x = 0 (B) x = /2 (C) x =  (D) x = 3/2
where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.

100
82. If f (x) is a continuous function from R  R and attains only irrational values then  f (r ) equals
r 1

99 100 100 101

(A)  f ( r ) (B)  f ( 2r ) (C)  f ( 2r )  1 (D)  f (2r)
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1

2
 4 x  12x  9.{x} for 1  x  2
83. Let f (x) = 
 cos  (| x | {x} 1  x  1
2 
Number of points where f (x) is non-derivable in [–1, 2]

84. Find the number of points where the function f (x) = sin 1  | x | 1  is non derivable.

245
 Continuity & Differentiability
n
 f (a  1 n ) 
85. Let f be differentiable at x = a and f ' (a) = 4 let f (a)  0. Evaluate Lim   .
n  f (a ) 
1
86 Let f ' (x2) = for x > 0 , f(1) = 1 and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R, g(–1) = 0.
x
f ( x ) , x  0
If h(x) = 
g( x ) ,  1  x  0
is a continuous function then find the absolute value of 2p.

(e 2 x  1)  ( x  1)(e x  e  x )
 if x0
87. Let f (x) =  x (e x  1)

k if x0
if f (x) is continuous at x = 0 then k is equal to
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 3/2 (D) 2

     
 tan 4  2x   2 tan 4  x   tan 4
     ; x0
88. Let f ( x )        
 sin  4  2 x   2 sin  4  x   sin 4
    
 k ; x0

If f(x) is continuous at x = 0 then k equals

(A) 4 2 (B) 2 2 (C)  4 2 (D)  2 2

1
   1  
89
n 

Let f (x )  Lim  a n  b n  n
 
sin x  e x
n
   1 ,  x  R where a > b > 0.
  n cot 1 n  
    
If H(x) = sgn f ( x )  3 has exactly one point of discontinuity  x  [0, 2], then find the value of
24a.
[Note: {k} and [k] denotes fractional part of k and greatest integer less than or equal to k respectively.
and sgn  denote signum function of .]

90(mcq) If f(x) = x  2 2 x  4  x  2 2 x  4 then which of the following is/are correct?

(A) f(x) is continuous at all points in its domain
(B) f(x) is differentiable at all points in its domain
(C) f '(x) = 0 for all x  [2, 4)

(D) Range of function is 2 2 ,  

246
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for question nos. 91 and 92

 
Let f :  ,   R, such t hat f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and f(x) =
 2 2
1 x
 (1  sec x ) f  , x0
2 2
2, x 0
 
91 The value of f   + f '   is
4 4

24  16 24  16 8 (3  4) 8 (3  4)

(A) (B) 2 (C) 2 (D)
   

  f ( x )  2   f ( x )  2 cos x  
92 The value xLim     is
0   x 2   x2 

[Note : where [y] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal to y and {y} denotes fractional
part function of y.]
3 5 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 3 3 2

93. Let f (x) = max. { x 2  2 | x | , | x |} and g (x) = min. { x 2  2 | x | , | x |}. If L denotes number of
points where f(x) is non-derivable and M denotes the number of points where g(x) is non-derivable,
then find the value of (L + M).

 log e | x |  e nx {sin x}
Lim , x  ( , )  {0}
94. Let f(x) =  n  2 x  e ( n 1) x
0 x0

If l and m are number of points where f(x) is discontinuous and non-differentiable in (–, ) respec-
tively then find the value of (l + m)
(Note: {y} denotes fractional part of y.)

 (1  sin x ) t  1
 Lim ; xI
95(mcq) Let f(x) =  t  (1  sin x ) t  1
0 , xI

which of the following is/are correct?

(A) f(x) is continuous at all integers.
(B) f(x) has non-removable finite type of discontinuity at all odd integers.
(C) Left hand limit of f(x) at all even integers is equal to right hand limit of f(x) at all odd integers.
(D) Right hand limit of f(x) at all odd integers is equal to right hand limit of f(x) at all even integers.

247
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for question nos. 96 to 98

x 4 f (x )
Let f(x) be a polynomial satisfying Lim = 3,
x  x8  1

f(2) = 5, f(3) = 10, f(–1) = 2, and f (–6) = 37.

96 The value of f (0) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C*) 109 (D) 119

f (x )  x 2  1
97 The value of Lim , is equal to
x  6 3( x  6)
6!  6!
(A) – 6! (B) 6! (C) (D)
2 2
1   15 5 
98. The number of points of discontinuity of g(x) = 2 in  ,  , is equal to
x  1  f (x)  2 2
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0

99 Let f (x) = | cosx | + [cosx] x [0, 2] if x is the number of points of discontinuity of f (x) and p be the
number of solutions to equation (f (x))2 = 1 then the value of n + p is
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 2

100 Let n1, n2 and n3 denotes the number of points of non-derivability of functions
f (x) = cot2x – cosec2x in (0, 2), g (x) = cot–1x + sin–1x + tan–1x in (–1, 1) and
h (x) = [5 + cos x] in [0, 2) respectively. Find the value of (n1 + n2 + n3).
Note: [y] denotes largest integer  y.

Paragraph for questions nos. 101 & 102

 ax 2  bx  c(cot n x )  
 n
, x   0, 
 4  cot x  4
 
Let g (x) =  1, x
 4
n
 sin x  cos x  tan x  
 , x  , 
 1  c(tan n x ) 4 2

where a, b, c are real constants, and f (x) = Lim g (x )

n 

101. If Lim f ( x ) exists then c may be equal to


x
4

248
 Continuity & Differentiability

1
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D) – 1
2

102. If f (x) is continuous at x = then c is equal to
4
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2

103 Let f : [0, 2]  R be continuous and f (0) = f (2). Prove that there exists x 1 and x2 in
(0, 2) such that x2 – x1 = 1 and f (x2) = f (x1)

104(mcq) Let two lines be f1(t)x + f2(t)y = 5 and g1(t)x + g2(t)y = 4, t [0, 1], where f1, f2, g1, g2 are
continuous functions. f1(0) = g2(0) = f2(1) = g1(1) = 2, f2(0) = g1(0) = 3 and f1(1) = g2(1) = 4 then
both the lines
(A) are parallel for some t [0, 1]
(B) are perpendicular for some t [0, 1]
(C) make complimentary angles with + ve x-axis for some t [0, 1]
(D) none of these

105. Find the number of points in [–2, 2] where the function f(x) = x + {–x} + [x] is discontinuous.
[Note : [y] and {y} denote greatest integer less than or equal to y and fractional part functions of
y respectively. ]

106. If f(x) = sgn (3x cos–1 x – 6 cos–1 x – x + 2), then the number of points of discontinuity of f(x) is/
are
[Note : sgn k denotes signum function of k.]
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3

107(mcq) Let f : [0, 1] R be defined as f (x) = x for x  rational and f (x) = 1 – x for x  irrational, then
which of the following is/are correct?
(A) f (x) is injective in [0, 1] (B) f [f (x)] = x x [0, 1]
1
(C) f (x) is continuous only at x = (D) f (x) has its own inverse
2

108. If f ( x )  Lim
1  sin x n  e xwhere x  [– 2, 2],
n
n 1  (1  sin x )
then find the total number of points of discontinuity of f(x).

109. Prove that the function f (x) = a x  1 + b 2 x  1 – 2 x 2  3x  1 where a + 2b = 2 and

a, b  R always has a root in (1, 5)  b  0 and a root in (1, 2).

min . f ( t ) ; 0  t  x , 0  x  1

110(mcq)Let f(x) = – x3 + x2 – x + 1 and g( x )   .
 x  1, 1 x  2

249
 Continuity & Differentiability

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?

(A) Lim gg( x )  exist and is equals to 1 (B) g(x) is continuous at x = 1
x 1
(C) g(x) is non-differentiable at x = 1 (D) [g(x)] = 0 x  (0, 2)
[Note : [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equals to y]

x 3  1, if x  (0, 3), where x is rational

111(mcq) Let f(x) =  ,
3x  1, if x  (0, 3), where x is irrational
then which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
(B) f(x) is continuous for all x  (0, 3).
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 and f '(1) = 1.
(D) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 and f '(1) = 3.

ecos2n x  sin2m x  2 
 , x 
 2
112(mcq)If f (x)   (2x  ) 2
 
1, x
2


is continuous at x = (m  I, n  N, m  0), then
2
(A) n = 1 & m = – 3 (B) n = 2 & m = – 4
(C) n = 3 & m = – 4 (D) n = 4 & m = – 3

x
113(mcq)Let y = f (x) = Limit n in [0, ]. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
n 

1  4 sin 2 x 
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at one value of x in [0, ].
(B) f(x) is discontinuous at two values of x in [0, ].
1 4
(C) Derivative of tan–1x w.r.t. f (x) at x = is .
2 5
 1
(D) y '   =
6 2

114. Column - I Column-II

1
sin x 1cos x
(A) If Lim   is L then ln (L) equals k. (P) 0
x0 x 

1
The value of is equal to (Q) 1
k2

250
 Continuity & Differentiability

1
2 tan
 n  n
(B) The value of Lim   is (R) 3
n   n 1 
 
(C) Number of solution of the equation 8sin4x + 8cos4x = 5 in the interval
0 < x < 2 is
(D) Let f(x) be a non-constant polynomial function and (S) 8
g(x) = x ( x  1) ( x  2) f (x ) . If g(x) is differentiable  x  R,
then minimum number of distinct roots of f(x) = 0 is (T) 9

2  f (x) 
115. If f ( x )  23  2 x  2x  3
 x  R and g( x )    , where [k] denotes greatest integer function
 µ 
less than or equal to k and µ  N, then find the sum of all values of µ for which g(x) is discontinuous
for at least one real value of x.

116. The sum of all values of x for which the function f (x) = | x 2  5x  6 | is continuous, but not
differentiable is
(A) – 5 (B) 0 (C) 5 (D) 6

6  2x 
117. If f (x) = tan 1  then number of points where y = [f (x)] is discontinuous in its domain, is
 1  x2 
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]

118 Consider two functions f (x) = sin x and g (x) = | f (x) |.

Statement-1: The function h (x) = f (x) g(x) is not differentiable in [0, 2]
Statement-2: f (x) is differentiable and g (x) is not differentiable in [0, 2]
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

 a sin    b tan  
119(mcq)Let f ( x )  Lim  x 
+
 (where a  I¯ and b  I , {y} denotes fractional part of
 0      
y), then
(A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable for all values of x
(B) f(x) is an even function
(C) f(x) is an odd function
3
(D) the area bounded by y = f(x) and y  4  x 2 is equal to .
2

251
 Continuity & Differentiability
k
n  x  
120. Let f (x) be a differentiable function. Evaluate: Lim  k  f    f (0)
n     n  

n n
n
121.
r
If  sin 1  r  2
for any n  N and p =  ( r ) .
r 1 r 1
 x1/ 3  (3  2x )1/ 4
 , xp
If f(x) =  x2  x is continuous at x = p, then find the value of 6(k + p).
 k, xp

 1 1

   x 4
122(mcq)Let P(x) be a polynomial of n degree and f(x) = P x 3  e , x  0 , then
 
0, x 0

(A) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is continuous at x = 0
(C) f(x) is non differentiable at x = 0 (D) f '(0) = xLim
0
f (x) .

(e x  e  x )
123. Let f(x) = ax9 + b sin x + cx2 sgn (x) + be defined on set of real numbers,
(e x  e  x )
(a > 0, b, c,  R). If f(– 5) = 5, f(– 2) = – 3, then find the minimum number of zeros of the equation
f(x) = 0.

124. If f (x) and g (x) are two differentiable function and graph of y = g (x) is reflection of graph of
y = f (x) with respect to line y = x. If point (a, b) lies on curve y = f (x) and f ' (a) = 3, then find
670
the value of (where g is ordinate of the point on the curve y = g ' (x) whose abscissa is b.)


125. A continuous, even periodic function f with period 8 is such that f(0) = 0, f(1) = – 2, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 2,
  
f(4) = 3, then the value of tan 1 tan f ( 5)  f ( 20)  cos 1 (f ( 10))  f (17) is equal to
(A) 2 – 3 (B) 3 – 2 (C) 2 + 3 (D) 3 – 

Paragraph for Question Nos. 126 to 128

1
Let f be a differentiable function satisfying f (x + y) = f (x) · f (y)  x,y  R; f(x) > 0 and if f (1) = .
3

126 Lim (f(x) + 2f(x + 1) + 3f(x + 2) + ........ (n + 1) f(x + n)) is equal to

n

4 9f ( x )
(A) f(x) (B) f(x) (C) (D) 9f(x)
3 4

252
 Continuity & Differentiability

127. Lim  f ( x )  f    is equal to

1 x
x   
  x 
(A) f(0) (B) f(1) (C) f(–1) (D) f(1) + f(–1)
f n 1 ( x ) f (x)
128. Let fn(x) = where n  N and f0(x) = f(x). If fn(x) = 1   f (x ) then  is equal to
1  a n 1 ·f n 1 ( x )
n 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  a i (D) an–1
i 0

129. Column-I Column-II

(A) If f : [0, 1]  [0, 1] is continuous, then the number of roots (P) one
of the equation f(x) = x3 is
(B) If f is derivable, then between the consecutive roots of (Q) at least one
f '(x) = 0, the number of roots of f(x) = 0 is
(C) The number of values of x at which f(x)= |1 – |x–1|| is not (R) at most one
differentiable is
(D) Let f(x) = {x, if x is rational = 2 – x, if x is irrational. (S) more than one
The number of values of x at which f(x) is continuous is

Paragraph for Quesrtion no. 130 to 133

  
Let f (x) = min. x 2 3 , 2  x 2 and g (x) = max x 2 3 , 2  x 2 , | x |   2

130 The number of points at which f (x) is not differentiable is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) > 2

131. The range of f (x) is

(A) [0, 1] (B) [0, 21/3] (C) [1, 21/3] (D) [21/3, 2]

132. The number of points at which g (x) is not differentiable is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) > 2

133. The range of g (x) is

(A) [1, 21/3] (B) [1, 2] (C) [21/3, 2] (D) [ 2 , 21/3]

134. Let f be a differentiable function on (0, ) and suppose that Lim f ( x )  f ' ( x ) = L where L is a finite
x 
quantity, then which of the following must be true?
L L
(A) Lim
x 
f ( x )  0 and Lim f ' ( x )  L
x 
(B) Lim f ( x )  and Lim f ' ( x ) 
x  2 x  2
(C) Lim
x 
f ( x )  L and Lim f ' ( x )  0
x 
(D) nothing definite can be said

253
 Continuity & Differentiability

 3 1 3
135. Consider, f(x) = min x  1, | x  2 |  | x  2 |,7  x 
 4 
p and q denote number of points where f(x) is discontinuous and non-derivable in
[–2, 3] respectively then p+q is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4

Paragraph for question no. 136 to 138

n r  n 
    
For 0 < x < , let f1(x) =
2
 sec  x  6  sec  x  (r  1) 6  and f1(x) – 2f2(x) = 2 tan  x  
 6 
r 1

x  f 2 ( x )  tan x
 e (e 1)
1
(exp .) ; x0
x
 2 ·(e  1)

Also f2(x) + f3(x) = 0 and f 4 (x )  k1 ; x 0
k2

1 | f ( x ) |f3 ( x ) ; x  0
 2

136. The value of k1 and k2, if f4(x) is continuous at x = 0 is

1 e 1
(A) ,2 (B) e, 1 (C) ,2 (D) e, 2
e 2

137. y = f3(x) is
 
(A) discontinuous and non derivable at x = and x =
4 3
2
(B) neither continuous nor derivable at x =
5
 
(C) continuous and derivable in  0, 
 2
2
(D) continuous but not derivable at x =
5
 
138. For n = 3, the solution of equation f1(x) + 4 = 0, in  0,  is
 2
  
(A) (B) (C) (D) non existent
6 4 3

  1 1 2 x  
tan sin   , x  1
139. Let f (x) =   2 1  x2  
 cos 1 (2x  3)  , 0  x 1

If f (x) is continuous in [0, ) then the value of ( + ), is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 –  (C) 3 – 2 (D) any real number

254
 Continuity & Differentiability

140. Let f be a derivable function satisfying f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y),  x, y  R, then

(A) | f (x) | must be non-derivable. (B) | f(x) | may be non-derivable.
1 f (x )
(C) Lim 1  f (x )  x must be equal to e. (D) must be continuous.
x 0 x

141. Let f : R  R be a derivable function satisfying

f (y) f (x – y) = f (x),  x, y  R. If f ' (0) = p ; f ' (5) = q (p, q  0) then f (5) equals
p q p2 q2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
q p q p

142 Let f (x) = | x – 2 | ex g (x) + sin x, where g (x) is a continuous function.

If f (x) is differentiable at x = 2, then g (2) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 
143. Let A and a function f(x) is defined as
3 2

n
 2
 3
 3
 Lim ax sin A  sin A  (5x  b ) sin A  sin A , x  Q
n   n
  
sin A  sin 3 A  sin A  sin 3 A

f (x )  
 n
  
ax 2 sin A  sin 3 A  5x  b  sin A  sin 3 A
 nLim n
, xQ



sinA  sin 3
A  sinA  sin 3
A

If f(x) is continuous at x = 2 and x = 3 then the value of b – a, is

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

144. Compare each value of Column-I with (aeb) and then match with corresponding true statement(s) of
Column-II :
Column-I Column-II
cosec x
 1  tan x 
(A) If f(x) =   is to be made (P) ab  0
 1  sin x 
continuous at x = 0, then f(0) should be equal to

 1 
 x
e 1
2  1
(B) Lim   is equal to (Q) b–a=
x   2 tan 1 ( x 2 )    2
 
 

255
 Continuity & Differentiability

 1 
 e  (1  x ) x 
(C) Lim   is equal to (R) ab
x 0  tan x 

 
x
 1 1
(D) Lim  sin  cos  is equal to (S) (a, b) lies on straight line x = 1
x   x x

145(mcq)Let f(x) = min. ( | e – x |,  – | x | ). Then which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
(A) f(x) is many one but not even function.
 e
(B) Range of f(x) is   , .
 2 
(C) f(x) is continuous and derivable at all integral points.
(D) f(x) is continuous everywhere but non-derivable at exactly two points.

 p 1 q
 x sin  x tan x , x  0 p, q  N
146(mcq)Let f(x) =  x
0, if x0
If f(x) is derivable at x = 0 then the ordered pair (p, q) is
(A) (1, 2) (B) (2, 1) (C) (3, 2) (D) (2, 2)

1
 f (x  h )  h
147. Let f (x) be a differentiable function such that Lim   = e(tan x) f (– x) and f (0) = 1, then
h0  f ( x ) 

the value of f ' (0) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) – e

148. Let g(x) be the inverse of an invertible function f(x), which is differentiable for all real x,
then g"(f(x)) equals
 f "( x)
(A)
f ' ( x) 3
f ' ( x ) f " ( x )  f ' ( x ) 2
(B)
f ' ( x)  2
f ' ( x ) f " ( x )  f ' ( x )  2
(C)
f ' ( x ) 2
3
 f ' ( x )
(D)
f "(x)

256
 Continuity & Differentiability

 2
 1  

2 x
; x


149. Let g(x) =  1  [sin x ]  2
 2 
p  1 ; x
 2


then the value of p for which f(x) is continuous at x = is
2
[Note: [k] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k.]
1
(A) ±1 (B) ± (C) ± 2 (D) 0
2

 2 3
2 x  3x  ,  x  1
 2
150. Let g(x) =  2
x
 ,
 2  x 1

If L and M denotes the point of discontinuity and non-derivability of g(x), then the value of (L + M)
is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

1  x x 
151. Lim x      equals
x   e  x  1  
 
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
e 2e 2e e

 k k  
152. If Lim sec 1    , then the value of k is equal to
x 1  ln x x  1  3
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

153. Which one of the following function is discontinuous for atleast one real value of x?
ex  1
(A) f(x) = 3  2 sin x (B) g(x) = x
e 3
5
 22 x  1  7
(C) h(x) =  3x 
 (D) k(x) = 1 sgn x
 2  5 
[Note : sgn x denotes signum function of x.]

257
 Continuity & Differentiability

154. Let P(x) be a polynomial satisfying P(x) – 2P'(x) = 3x3 – 27x2 + 38x + 1.

 P" ( x )  18 
 , x
6 2
If the function f (x) =  
sin 1 (ab)  cos1 (a  b  3ab), x
 2


is continuous at x  , then find (a + b).
2
  1
x ·sin , x  0
155. If f (x) =  x ,
 0, x 0
then f '(x) is continuous for 
(1) (0, 1] (2) (0, 2) (3) (1, 2] (4*) (2, )

Paragraph for Question no.156 to 158

1, x  Q
One of the most famous functions in calculus as the Dirichlet's function D(x) = 0, x  Q .

This function is one of the rare functions whose graph can not be drawn.
x 3  2 x 2 , xQ
Let us define another such function f (x) =  3 2 .
 x  2x  ax, x  Q

156 The value of a so that this function is differentiable at x = 0 is

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) None of these

157 For the value of a obtained in above question. f(x) is

(A) one - one and onto (B) many one and onto
(C) one-one and into (D) many one and into
158 Lim f ' ( x ) =
x0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Does not exist

x 2 n  2 sin x 2 n
159(mcq)The number of points of discontinuity of function f(x) = Lim is equal to number of
n  x 2 n  2 sin x 2 n

point of non differentiability of which of the following function(s).

 2x 
(A) g(x) = sgn (x2 – 1) (B) h(x) = sin–1  
1 x2 

1 x2 
(C) k(x) = cos–1   (D) (x) = sgn (|x| – 1)
1 x2 
 

258
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for question nos. 160 to 162

Let f be a real valued function defined on R (the set of all real numbers) where y = f (x) is defined
parametrically as x = 5t – | 2 – t |, y = – 3t + 2 | t – 1 |  t  R.

160. The function f (x) is

(A) continuous and derivable everwhere on R except at x = 4 and x = 10.
(B) continuous and derivable everywhere on R.
(C) continuous and derivable everywhere on R except at x = 10.
(D) continuous everywhere on R but not derivable at x = 4 and x = 10.

161. The value of f '() is equal to

7 1 5 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 6 3

162. Number of solution of the equation f (x) = 2 is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 3

e 1 / x 2 sin 1 / x  x  0
163. The function f (x) =  at x = 0 is
0 x0
(A) continuous but not differentiable
(B) continuous and differentiable
(C) discontinuous with oscillatory type discontinuity
(D) none

259
 Answer Key Continuity & Differentiability

n
b
01 f(0) = 1 ; f(0 ) = ln a·   ; f(0–) =1
+
02 p=2 03 A, D
3
04 2 05 (C) 06 D 07. LDNE 08 B
09 23 10. D 11. B 12. 21 13. A
14. A 15. ABC 16. AC 17. BC 18 A
19 ACD 20. ABCD 21. ABCD 22. D
 n (tan x) if 0  x  
23. k = 0 ; g (x) =  4 . Hence g (x) is continuous everywhere.
 0 if   x  
4 2
1
24. A CD 25. 26. 3 27. 4
60
28 ABCD 29. C 30. AC 31. AD 32. 9
33. 5150 34. 10 35. C 36. A 37. D
38. A 39. ABCD 40. 6 41 CD 42. ABD
43. AB 44. 2 45 45, where N1 = 30; N2 = 5; N3 =10
46 45 47. 2 48. 17 49. 162 50. 1
51. 5 52. ABD 53 ABC 54. C 55. C
56. BD 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. D
61. B 62. A 63 B 64. D 65. 57
66 B 67 A 68. D 69. 6 70. 6
71. D 72 C 73. D 74 B 75. 12
76 12 77. 18 78. 100 79 19 80. B
81. ABD 82. B
f '( a )
3
83. not differentiable at 0, 1, and 2 84. 5 85. e f (a )
86 3
2
87. B 88. C 89 36 90. ACD 91 C
92 B 93. 12 94 5 95 BC 96 C
97 D 98. B 99. C 100 4 101. D
102. B 104. AC 105. 5 106./ C 107. ABCD
108. 4 110. ABCD 111. AD 112. ABC 113. BC
114. (A) T ; (B) Q ; (C) S ; (D) R 115. 253 116. C 117 D
xk
118. D 119. ABC 120. f '(0)k · 121. 11 122. BD
k!
123. 5 124. 2010 125. D 126 C 127. C
128. C 129. (A) Q ; (B) R ; (C) S ; (D) P 130 D 131. A
132 C 133 B 134 C 135. B 136. D
137. C 138. B 139. A 140. B 141. B
142. A 143. C
144. (A) PS; (B) PQR; (C) QR; (D) RS 145. AC 146. BCD 147. A
148. A 149. C 150. A 151. B 152. C
153. D 154. 2 155. D 156. C 157. B
158. D 159. ABD 160. D 161. C 162. A
163. B

260
 Continuity & Differentiability

SOLUTIONS
n
a h  1  b sinh  sin bh 
01 Limit f (0  h )  Limit
h 0 h  0 sinh .h n 
 cosh  cos bh 
n
a h 1 h  b sin( h )  sin( bh )  h2 
 Limit .  2
.
 cosh  cos bh  = ln a · l
n
h0 h sinh  h . h  
n
 b 
Use expn here to get ln(a) ·   = 1
3
b sinh  sin bh h2 l1
where l = Lim · =
h 0 h3 cosh  cos bh l2

b sinh  sin bh cosh cos bh

where l1 = and l2 =
h 3
h2
1
 b(sinh  h )  (sin bh  bh )    1  cos bh   1  cosh 
= Lim  3  . b 2   
h 0
 h    b2 h 2   h 2 

1
  sinh  h   sin bh  bh )  3   b 2 1  
b  .    
= Lim b h 3    b 3 3
h   2 2 

h 0      

  1  3  1  2 sin x  x 1
= Lim  b    b     . 2
h 0   6 
[ Limit 3
 ]
 6  ( b  1) h 0 x 6

b ( b 2  1) 2 b n
= Lim · 2    ; hence f (0+) = ln a ·  b 
h 0 6 ( b  1)  3  3

a  h sin(  bh )  b  h sin( ah )

f (0 ) = Lim f (0  h )  Lim
–
(multiply Dr & Nr by ah · bh)
h 0 h 0 tan(  bh )  tan( ah )

a h sin ah  b h sin bh
= Limit h h
h 0 a . b [tan ah  tan bh ]

a h sin( ah ) bh sin( bh )
ah ·  ·bh
ah bh
= Limit
h 0 tan(ah ) tan(bh )
ah ·  bh ·
ah bh
(a  b)
Limit 1
h 0 ( a  b)

02 f (x) = cosec 2x + cosec 22x + ...... + cosec 2n x

1 sin( 2 x  x)
now cosec 2x = sin 2 x = sin x sin 2 x = cot x – cot 2x

|||ly cosec 22 x = cot 2x – cot 22 x

cosec 23 x = cot 22 x – cot 23 x

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 Continuity & Differentiability


cosec 2n x = cot 2 n – 1 x – cot 2n x
_____________________________________________

 f (x) = cot x – cot 2n x

 g (x) = f (x) + cot 2n x = cot x
now H (0 + h) = Lim
h 0

(cos h ) cot h  (sec h ) cosec h 
Lim coth (cos h 1) Lim cos ech (sec h 1)
= eh 0 + eh 0
=1+1=2 ....(1)
e  h  e h  2 cosh
H (0 – h) = Lim
h0 h sin h

 e h  e  h  2 2(1  cosh ) 
= Lim    =2 ....(2)
h0
 h2 h2 
From (1) and (2) H (x) will be cont. if p = 2

 Min [f ( t ) / 0  t  x ]

03 f (x) = cos x and H(x) =    x
2

 
 Min f ( t ) / 0  t  2
i.e. H (x) = 

Now Let x = /6 at certain instant
then 0 t  /6
and H(x) = Min of f (t) i.e. Min of cos  – cos /6
 cos /6
cos x 0  x  / 2

H(x) =    x 
 x 3
2 2

 
cos  h   0
  2 
f '   Lim  1
 2  h 0 h
 

  
  h 0
  h
f '   Lim 2  2    1
 2  h 0 h h
 
Hence this function is derivable & continuous at x = /2
continuous at all other points.
Max. value of H(x) is [0, 3) = 1

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 Continuity & Differentiability

(g(x))2  (g(x)) 1 , if g(x)  0

04 f(g(x)) =  2
(g(x)  3)  2b , if g(x)  0

(2x  a )2  (2x  a )  1, if 2x  a  0 &x0


| x  2 |2  | x  2 | 1 , if | x  2 | 0 &x  0
 f(g(x)) =  2
(2x  a  3)  2b, if 2x  a  0 &x0
(| x  2 | 3)2  2b, if | x  2 | 0 &x0
 2 a
(2x  a)  (2x  a) 1, if x   2
 a
2
 f(g(x)) = (2x  a  3)  2b, if   x  0 ( a is non negative real number)
 2
2
 (| x  2 |  3)  2b, if x  0


 f(g(x)) is continuous function

a
 at x = –
2
a
LHL = f   = RHL
 2 
0 + 0 + 1 = (– 3)2 + 2b
b=–4
at x = 0
LHL = f(0) = RHL
 (a – 3)2 + 2b = (–1)2 + 2b
 (a – 3)2 = 1  a – 3 = ± 1
 a = 2 or 4
 possible values of a are 2 & 4
 sum of all possible values = 2 + 4 + (– 4) = 2. Ans.

f (3 cos h  4 sin h  2)  f (1)  0 

05 Lim h  form 
h 0 f (3 e  5 sec h  4)  f (2)  0 
(3 sin h  4 cos h ) f ' (3 cos h  4 sin h  2)
= Lim   
h 0 3 e h  5 sec h tan h f ' 3e h  5 sec h  4 
4 f ' (1) 46
=  =
3 f ' (2) 3  2
24
= = 4 Ans.
6

263
 Continuity & Differentiability

06.  f (x) = ln g(x)

 f (x + 1) = ln g(x + 1)
 f (x + 1) – f (x) = ln g(x + 1) – ln g(x)
g (x  1)
= ln = ln(x + 1)
g (x )
1
f '(x + 1) – f '(x) =
x 1
Putting x = 1, 2, 3.....n and adding, we get
1 1 1
(f '(2) – f '(1)) + (f '(3) – f '(2)) + ...... + (f '(n + 1) – f '(n)) =   ...... 
2 3 n 1
1 1 1
f '(n + 1) – f '(1) =   ......  .
2 3 n 1

07. Lim g ( x )  Lim f (| x |)  | f ( x ) | Lim f ( x )  | f ( x ) | Lim 2 x  1 | 2 x  1 | 2

x 0  x 0 x 0  x  0

Lim g( x )  Lim f (| x |) | f (x ) | 1 | 1 | 2

x 0  x 0  
0
, g (x) is discontinuous at x = – 2, – 1

 x 
n n sin  k 
 x   x 
08 f(x) =  tan k  sec  k 1  =
k 1 2  2 
  x  2  x 
k 1 cos
 k  cos  k 1 
2  2 
n x
 x x 
=   tan 2 k 1  tan 2 k  = tan x – tan
2n
k 1

ln (1  tan x )
LHL at x = 0 = xLim
 0¯ =1
x

 2 x 2 x 
 cos r  sin r 
n
g(x) = Lim   2 2 
x 
r 1 
x 
 cos 2 r 
 2 

x
n 2 tan
Lim  2r = x
n  x tan x
r 1 tan
2 r 1

RHL at x = 0 = xLim
0 
g(x) = 1
 k = LHL = RHL = 1

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 Continuity & Differentiability

09 As – 1 + ax – x2 < 0  x  R  x2 – ax + 1 > 0  x  R
 a2 – 4 < 0  – 2 < a < 2
So, number of integral values of  = 3.
 g(x) = [3 + 4 sin x ]
= [3 + 12 sin x] = 3 + [12 sin x]
So, In (0, ), number of points of discontinuity = (2 × 11) + 1 = 23.
Hence, number of points of non-derivability = 23. Ans.

10. f (0)  Lim f (x )

x0
Applying the method of multiplication and division by conjugate, we get
 2ax ax  ax a · 2 a
Lim   a
x 0 2x a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2 2a

f ( 2x ) f (x)
11. 2x = (Given)
e 1 ex 1

x x  x 
f  f  f n 
f (x) 2 4 2
 = x  = x  = ........ = x 
ex 1 n
2
e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 1

 x 
f n 
f (x)  2  = Lim f (h ) = Lim f (h ) = Lim f (h )  f (0) = f '(0)
 = Lim
ex 1 n  x
n
h  0 eh  1 h 0 h h0 h
2
e 1
 f (x) = ex – 1
1 1
1
 e x  1 x e x 1 x
 f (x) x
Lim   = Lim 
Lim
 = x  0 x2 = e 2 . Ans.]
x0  x  x0 x  e

y
3/2
3
5/2
2
3/2
12. 1
½
x
–7 –3 –5 –2 –3 –1 –1 0 1 1 3 2 5 3 7
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

L = Number of point of discontinuous = 7

M = Number of point non-differentiability = 14
Hence (L + M) = 21. Ans.

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 Continuity & Differentiability

13. Let f() = b y

 f–1(b) =  ( , f( ))
f ( + h) = b – k  f–1(b – k) =  + h O x
f ( – h) = b + k  f–1(b + k) =  – h
–1
Now L.H.D. of f (x) at x = f () = b
y = f(x)
f 1 (b  k )  f 1(b)
(f –1) ' (b–) = Lim
k 0 (b  k )  b
h  1
= Lim = Lim
h 0 f (  h )  f () h 0 f (   h )  f (  )
h
1 1
=  =
f ' ( ) r
||ly Now R.H.D. of f–1(x) at x = f () = b
f 1 (b  k )  f 1(b) (  h )  
(f –1) ' (b+) = Lim = Lim
h 0 f (  h )  f ( )
k 0 (b  k )  b

1 1 1
= Lim =  =
h 0 f (   h )  f (  ) f ' ( ) l
h
Aliter: Verification by taking an example
  3x for x  0
y = f (x) = 
  2 x for x  0
f ' (0–) = – 3 = l
f ' (0+) = – 2 = r
y y = – 3x y
for y  0
–1  3
g (y) = x = f (y) = 
  y for y  0 x
O
2
y = – 2x
1 1
g' (0+)=f' (0+)= = y = f(x)
3 l
1 1
g ' (0–) = f ' (0+) = =
2 r
Note: If l and r are positive, then L.H.D and R.H.D of f–1 are
1 1 1 1
& and if l and r are negative then L.H.D. and R.H.D are & . (Think) Ans.
l r r l

266
 Continuity & Differentiability

14. Given f ( x )  x (e x  1) (x  1) tan 1 (x 2  3x  4)

= x (e x  1) ( x  1) tan 1 (x  4) (x  1) 

x (e x  1) ( x  1) tan 1 ( x  4) ( x  1)   0
 x = 0, 1, – 4
(Note that x = 0 and 1 are repeated roots)
So, f(x) is non-derivable at x = – 4 only
Hence, statement-2 is obviously true and
statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement-1 also. Ans.

15. Graph of y = g(x)

g (x)

x
–2 –1 O 1 3 2
2
–1

–2

–4

From the graph it is clear that

(A) range of g(x) is [– 4, )

(B) Lim g( x )   1

x  0
(C) g(x) is continuous at x = 0

3
(D) g(x) is continuous at x =
2
3
but discontinuous at x =
2
 options (A), (B), (C) are correct. Ans.

267
 Continuity & Differentiability

16.
f (x)
(A) Let h(x) = be continuous at x = a. Also given g(x) is continuous at x = a.
g( x )
Hence h(x) g(x) = f(x) must be continuous at x = a but given f(x) is discontinuous at x = a.
Hence our assumption is false  h(x) must be discontinuous.
(B) False because f(x) can be discontinuous in [a, b].
(C) Obviously true.
(D) D is false. Example sgn (cot–1x) at x = 0 is continuous and (cot–1 x) is also continuous at x = 0. But
sgn (x) is discontinuous at x = 0. Ans.

Paragraph for Question no. 17 to 19

f(x) = sin–1[x] cos–1{x}

so – 1  [x]  1 so – 1  x < 2 y
2
– 1  {x}  1  x Domain [–1, 2) 4
For – 1  {x}  1 [x] = – 1,

f(x) = sin–1(–1) cos–1(x – 1) = – cos–1(x – 1)
2
–1
2 x
    O 1 2
f(–1) = – cos–1(0) = – · = ,
2 2 2 4

f(0) = – cos–11 = 0
2  2
For 0  x < 1 [x] = 0, f(x) = sin–1(0) cos–1x = 0 4


For 1  x < 2 [x] = 1, f(x) = sin–1(1) cos–1(x – 1) = cos–1(x – 1)
2
  2
f(1) = · = . Ans.
2 2 4
x
20. f   = f(x) – f(y)
 y

 h
f 1  
f ( x  h )  f (x ) x
 f '(x) = Lim = Lim 
h 0 h h0  h 
  ·x
x
Also f(1) = 0

 h
f 1    f (1)
x f ' (1) 1
 f '(x) = Lim  = =
h 0 h x x
 ·x
x
f (x) = ln x + c but f(1) = 0  f(x) = ln x

268
 Continuity & Differentiability

x1 / n  1
(B) Lim  ln x
n   1 n 

f (1  x ) ln (1  x )
(C) Lim = Lim =1
x 0 x x 0 x
ln x 1x
(D) Lim x f(x) = Lim x ln x = Lim = Lim 2 = 0. Ans.
x 0 x 0 x 0  1  x 0  1 x
 
x
n
21. f ( x )  f ( y)   ( x k  yk )  |x – y|2
k 1

f ( x )  f ( y) n x k  y k
  |x – y|
xy k 1 x  y

f ( x )  f ( y) n x k  y k
Lim   Lim | x  y |
y x xy k 1 x  y yx

n
f ' ( x )   kx k 1  0
k 1

n
f '(x) =  k x k 1 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + …… + nxn–1
k 1

f (x) = x + x2 + x3 + ……+ xn + c
f (0) = 1
 f (x) = 1 + x + x2 + …… + xn
2
1 1 1 1
Lim f   = 1 + +   + ……+  = =2
n  2  2 2 1
1
2
(1  x  x 2    x100 )  101
For n = 100, Lim
x 1 ( x  1)

( x  1) ( x 2  1) ( x100  1)
= Lim  + …… +
x 1 ( x  1) ( x  1) ( x  1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + …… + 100 = 5050
For n = 3, 
sgn f ( x )  = sgn (1 + x + x2 + x3) = sgn (1  x )(1  x 2 ) 
(1 + x) (1 + x2) = 0 when x = –1
For n = 4, sgn f ' ( x )  = sgn (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3)
Let F(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3
F'(x) = 2 + 6x + 4x2 > 0
 F(x) has exactly one real zero.

269
 Continuity & Differentiability

22.  f 3(x) – 6f 2(x) + 11 f(x) – 6 = 0

 f 2
( x )  3f ( x )  2  f (x)  3 = 0
 f (x )  1 f (x )  2 f ( x)  3 = 0
 f(x) = 1 or 2 or 3
(i) If L.H.L.  R.H.L.  f(0)
then number of such functions = 3! = 6. (See diagram)
(ii) If any two of L.H.L. f(0–), R.H.L. f(0+) and f(0) are equal and third one is not equal then
number of such functions = 3C2 × 3C2 × 2C1 = 18
 Number of such functions = 24. Ans.
(ii) Out of 1, 2, 3 we can select any two of 3C2 say 1 and 2 and out of f (0+), f (0–) and f (0) we can
select any two which are equal in 3C2 ways.
Now total ways 3C2 · 3C2 · 2 = 18

Alternative: Total number of function are = 33 = 27

Total number of continuous function = 3
Hence total number of discontinuous function 27 – 3 = 24 Ans.

 x  x  x
23. f (x) =  tan  sec x    tan 2   sec   .......
 2  2  2
sin( x 2) 1 sin x  ( x 2)  x
T1 = cos(x 2) · cos x  cos(x 2) cos x  tan x  tan 2

sin( x 4) 1 sin (x 2)  ( x 4)  x x

T2 = cos(x 4) · cos( x 2)  cos(x 4) cos(x 2)  tan 2  tan 2
2

x x
|||ly Tn = tan n 1
 tan
2 2n
x
 f (x) = tan x – tan
2n

ln tan x   tan x n · sin tan x2     

now g (x) = Lim if x  and g   = k
n 1  tan x n 4 4

n (tanx ) if 0  x  
 4
 g (x) = 0 if 4  x  2
 k x  4

270
 Continuity & Differentiability

—    
now g   g 
 4  = 0;  4  = 0
   
 k=0
obvious g (x) is continuous every where in (0, /4)

24. (A) is wrong as the clause of continuity is a must for f (x)

(B) is correct from I.V.T.

(C) as per the graph (C) is incorrect

(D) is wrong if f is discontinuous ]

2 x  x cos x  3 sin x 2 x  x cos x  3 sin x

25. l = Lim = Lim
x 0 x 4 sin x x 0 x4
6 t  3t cos 3t  3 sin 3t
= Lim (put x = 3t)
t 0 243 t 5

2t  t (4 cos3 t  3 cos t )  (3 sin t  4 sin 3 t )

= (cancelling by 3)
81·t 5

2t  t cos t (1  4 sin 2 t )  (3 sin t  4 sin 3 t )

=
81·t 5

(2t  t cos t  3 sin t ) 4 sin 2 t (sin t  t cos t )

= 
81 t 5 81 t 5

l 4 sin 2 t cos t (tan t  t )

l=  Lim 2 Lim
81 81 t 0 t t 0 t3
l 4 tan t  t
l=  Lim
81 81 t 0 t3
l 4 1
l=  · [Note : l can be checked using expansion of sin x and cos x as
81 81 3
80l 4 1
  l = Ans.
81 81·3 60

x2 x4 x3 x5
cos x = 1 –  ....... and sin x = x –  .......
2! 4! 3! 5!

271
 Continuity & Differentiability

x (2  cos x )  3 sin x
Alternatively: Lim
x 0 x5

 x2 x4 x6   x3 x5 
x 2  1     .....  3 x   ........
=  2! 4! 6!   3! 5! 
5
x
1 3 1 3 53 1
=  =  = = Ans.
4! 5! 24 120 120 60
y

26. f(0) = 0 as f is odd.

Also, f(2) = 2 f(–2) = – 2
f(3) = – 3 f(–3) = 3 x
O
f(5) = – 5 f(–5) = 5
So, by I.V.T, f(x) = 0 has atleast 3 roots in R.
As real prime numbers will yeald only negative values.

e 2f ( x )  2e f ( x )  1  e 2 cos( x  1) 7 2
27 Lim  e
x 1 sec 2 ( x  1)  1 2
Here limit exists. Therefore as x  1, Nr  0 ( Dr. also tends to zero)
e2f(1) – 2 · e · ef(1) + e2 = 0
e f (1)

2 f(1)
 e  0  e = e  f(1) = 1

e 2f ( x )  2 · e · e f ( x )  e 2  e 2 1  cos( x  1)  7 2
Lim  e
x 1 tan 2 ( x  1) 2

Lim
e f (x )

2
 e  e2 1  cos( x  1)  7 2
 e
x 1 tan 2 ( x  1) 2 2
2
x  1
( x  1)
y

Lim 

 e 2 ef ( x)  1  1 2  ·
2
 f ( x )  1
  e
 7
2 1  cos( x  1) 
 e2 2x – y = 1
x 1  2 2 
 f (x )  1  x 1  ( x  1)  2 x
O 1 ,0
2
2 1 7 2
e2 · 1 · f ' (1)  e ·  e
2
(0, – 1)
2 2
f ' (1)2  4  f ' (1)   2  f '(1) = 2 { f '(x) > 0}
Now, equation of tangent at 1, f (1) is
y – 1 = 2(x – 1)
2x – y = 1
1 1 1 1
 =  1  = 4. Ans.
2 2 4 

272
 Continuity & Differentiability

28 =0
xa x  bx cos x  c sin x
f(0) = Lim
x 0 x5

 x 2 ( ln a ) 2   x2 x4   3 5
  c x  x  x 
x 1  x ln a   ......  bx 1    
2!  2! 4!   3 ! 5 ! 
= Lim  
x0 x5

 ( ln a ) 2 b c  b c 
x (1  b  c)  x 2 ln a  x 3      x5  24  120 
 2 2 6
= Lim
x0 x5
To exist, 1 + b + c = 0, ln a = 0  a = 1.
b c
–  = 0  3b + c = 0
2 6
1 3
 b= ,c=
2 2
1
f(0) = and f '(0) = 0. Ans.
120
n 1
x
29. Consider nLim

 (r x  1) {(r  1) x  1}
r 0
n 1 n 1
(r  1) x  1  (r x  1) 1 1
 (r x  1) {(r  1) x  1} =  (r x  1)  rx  x  1
r0 r0

1 1 
=   
1 x 1
 1 1 
  
 x  1 2x  1 
 1 1 
  
 2 x  1 3x  1 
 
 1 1 
  
 (n  1) x  1 nx  1 
—————————
1 1  1 x0
 f (x) = Lim  
n  1
= 0 x  0 limit does not exist at x = 0 and hence discontinuous
nx  1 
 non derivable

273
 Continuity & Differentiability

30. gof (x) = g([x]) = 0

 continuous for every x

31. Let x  [m, m + 1) where m  I then

f(x) = x + [x] = x + m
 f '(x) = 1 > 0  x  (m, m + 1)
 f(x) is strictly increasing
 f–1(x) exists.
 y = f(x) = x + m  x = y – m
but mx<m+1
 2m  x + m < 2m + 1
 2m  y < 2m + 1
 [y] = 2m
[ y] [ y]
 m  x=y– m= y  f 1 ( y)
2 2
[x ]
 f–1(x) = x   x 2m, 2m  1 where m  I
2
 x  x  [0,1)

Now f ( x )  x  [ x ]   x  1 x [1, 2)
x  2 x [2, 3)
which is discontinuous at every integer point
[x]
Consider, f–1(x) = x  where x  [2m, 2m + 1)
2

 x  x  [0,1)

  x  1 x [2, 3)
x  2 x [4, 5)
Clearly, f–1(x) is continuous  x  [2m, 2m+1) where m  I
Considering Lim f 1 ( x ) , only R.H.L. exists and is equal to f–1(2m)
x 2m
 f–1(x) is continuous  x  [2m, 2m + 1) (m  I) i.e. f–1(x) is continuous in its domain.

32. f(x) = ln x + x + 1
ln (3e)  15 ( x  2) 
g(2–) = el where l = Lim 1   1
x 2 tan (x  2)  x 1 
15 ( x  2)  1 
= ln (3e) Lim  
x 2 tan ( x  2)  1  x 2 
l = 3 ln (3e) = ln (27e3)
3
g(2–) = eln ( 27e ) = 27e3 = g(2)

274
 Continuity & Differentiability


  ef ( 2 )  2e3 
 
Again g(2+) = Lim
x 2  sin ( x  2) 
  ( x  2)
 x2 

 eln (1 h )  3  h  2e3 

= Lim   
h 0
 h 

 3  e ln ( 2  h )  2    (2  h ) e h  2 
=  e   =  e3  
h  h 
    

 2 (e h  1) h 
= e3  Lim e 
 h 0 h 
For continuous 3e  = 27e3  3 = 27  = 9. Ans.
3

ln ( 3 e )
ln ( 3 e )  15( x  2 )  tan ( x  2 )
Lim  1 1
Aliter: Lim 1  15(x  2)  tan( x  2)
=e x 2
 1 x 2 
= e3 ln (3e) = 27e3.
x  2  1 x2 

 ef ( x )  2e3   ef ( x )  eln 2e3 

 
Also, xLim
 2
  sin( x  2)  = xLim   
sin( x  2 ) 
   2
 

 e f ( x ) ln ( 2e3 )  1

Lim ln 2 e 3  
= x  2  e
sin( x  2)

 eln x  x  1  ln 2  3  1
Lim
= x  2  . 2e3 .  
 sin( x  2) 

lnx  x  ln 2  2
= xLim 3
  . 2e .
2 sin( x  2)

  x  2 
 ln 1   
  2  ( x  2) 
  x   
 ln 1   1  (x  2)    x  2 x2 
 2   2  
   2 
3
= Lim  . 2e .  sin( x  2)  = Lim l . 2e3  
     sin( x  2) 
x 2 x 2
   x2 
 
 
 

275
 Continuity & Differentiability

1 
= l . 2e 3  1 =  · 3e 3
2 
  · 3e3 = 27e3
  = 9 Ans.

33. f (x) – f (y)  ln x – ln y + x – y ....(1)

x  y and y  x,
f (y) – f (x)  ln y – ln x + y – x
i.e. f (x) – f (y)  ln x – ln y + x – y ....(2)
from (1) and (2)
f (x) – f (y) = ln x – ln y + x – y ....(3)
 f (x) – f (y) = (ln x + x) – (ln y + y)
hence f (x) = ln x + x
f (x  h)  f (x)
Alternatively: f '(x) = Lim (x  x + h, y  x in (3))
h 0 h
xh
ln  h
ln ( x  h )  l n x  h  x 
= Lim = Lim
h 0 h h 0 h

 ln 1  (h x )  
= Lim 1  x (h x ) 
h 0  
1 ln (1  t )
= 1+ Lim
x t 0 t
1
f ' (x) = 1 +
x
1
 g (x) = 1 +
x
100
 1  100
  n  =  (1  n ) = 100 + (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ...... + 100)
g
n 1 n 1
= 100 + 5050 = 5150 Ans.

34. f(x + yn) = f(x) + (f(y))n f ' (0)  0

f ' (x) = Lim

f (x  h)  f (x)
= Lim
 
f x  ( h1 n ) n  f ( x )
h 0 h h 0 h
( 0  t )  f ( 0)
f ' (0) = Lim
t 0 t

= Lim
 
n
f ( x )  f ( h1 n )  f ( x )
h 0 ( h1 n ) n

276
 Continuity & Differentiability

f (t )
Lim  f ' (0)  l (say)
t 0 t
also f (0) = 0
n
 f (t) 
f ' (x) = Lim   where h1/n = t
t 0  t 

f ' (x) = f ' (0)n  f ' (0) = [f ' (0)]n

l = ln (where f ' (0) = l  l = 0 or – 1 or 1
If l = 0  f ' (x) = 0  f (x) = c, but f (0) = 0
 c = 0,  f (x) = 0 (not possible)
If l = 1  f ' (x) = – 1 (not possible) ;
 f ' (0) = 1
 f ' (x) = 1  f (x) = x + c
 f (x) = x  f (0) = 10 Ans.

Paragraph for questions nos. 35 to 37

f (x  h)  f (x)
Sol. f ' ( x )  Lim
h 0 h
f ( x )  f (h )  2xh  (e x  1)(e h  1)  f ( x )
 Lim
h 0 h
 f (h ) (eh  1) 
 Lim   (e x  1)   2x
h 0
 h h 
= f '(0) + ex – 1 – 2x
= 1 + ex –1 – 2x = ex – 2x
f(x) = ex – x2 + 
f(0) = 1 – 0 + l  = –1
f(x) = ex – x2 – 1

35. f(2) = e2 – 4 – 1 = e2 – 5
{f(2)} = e2 – 5 – 2 = e2 – 7] {  7 < e2 < 8}
f ( 2 x )  4 x 2  2x
36. Lim
x 0 x2
e 2 x  4 x 2  1  4 x 2  2x
= Lim
x 0 x2
e2 x  2x  1
= Lim
x 0 x2
4x 2
1  2x   ......  2 x  1
2!
= Lim 2
x 0 x2

277
 Continuity & Differentiability

37 g(x) = f(x) + x2 – 2 = ex – x2 – 1 + x2 – 2
g(x) = ex – 3
graph = | g(| x |) | is –
y
3
g(x) = y

x
0
–2
–3
y
3
g(|x|) = y

x
0

–2
–3

3
|g(|x|)| = y
2

y=k
x
0

Now the | g(| x |) | = k has four roots

k (0, 2)

0, x  1
x 2 , 1  x  1

38. f (x) = 2x  1, 1 x  2
x 2  1, 2x4
0, x4

Clearly, f (x) is discontinuous at x = – 1 and x = 4 in [– 1, 4] but f (x) is derivable everywhere in
(–1, 4)
 m = 2 and n = 0
Hence m + n = 2. Ans.

39.  g(0) = c  g(x) = x2 + k1x + c

 g(1) = 1 + k1 + c
 h(0) = b  h(x) = x2 + k2x + b
 h(1) = 1 + k2 + c
f(x) = 0 & h(x) = 0 have one common root.
g(1) = h(1) = 0, if k1 = b & k2 = c ( 1 + b + c = 0) ....(1)

278
 Continuity & Differentiability

 g(x) = x2 + bx + c
h(x) = x2 + cx + b
[ x ]2  b[ x ]  c  [ x ]  1[ x ]  c
f(x) = =
[ x ]2  c[ x ]  b  [ x ]  1[x ]  b 
[ x]  c
f(x) = ( [x]  1)
[ x]  b 
 x  [1, 2)
now if 'b' is not an integer then Dr can not be zero and
hence domain of f (x) is R – [1, 2), if b  I.
if 'b is an integer then domain of f (x) is R – [1, 2)  [b, b + 1), if b  I.
f (x) is continuous only iff b = c = – 1/2 i.e. when f (x) becomes constant
[ x]  c
because if b  c then limit of f(x) =
[ x]  b  will not exist at any x in the domain of f (x)
 sin  
 is little less than 1 as   0 
 1  p sin    p  1   
40. f   = Lim  =  
2 2   0     2   p  1  p sin   p where p  I  
 
  

 1  sin 3 x (1  sin x )(1  sin 2 x  sin x ) 1

L.H.L. at x = = Lim 2
= Lim =
2   3 cos x  3(1  sin x )(1  sin x ) 2
x x
2 2

 tan t 
   q tan t  1  sin x   t is little greater than 1 as t  0 
R.H.L. at x = = Lim Lim   
2   t  0  t  (  2x ) 2   q tan t  
x
2  q   q  1 for q  I 
 t 

q (1  sin x ) q (1  cosh) q   
= Lim = Lim = x  h

 (   2x ) 2 h 0 4h 2 8  2 
x
2
 function is continuous

 L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f  
2
q 1
 = q = 4 ;
8 2
p 1 1
=  p = 2 ;  p+q=6
2 2
41 f(x) is discontinuous where
(sin2x – sin x – 1) (sin2x + sin x + 1) = 0
 sin2x – sin x – 1 = 0 ( sin2x + sin x + 1 = 0 has no real roots.)
1 5 1 5
 sin x = or sin x = ( – 1  sin x  1)
2 2

279
 Continuity & Differentiability

x
graph of sin x   2 3 4 5

1 5
There will be two values of x between  and 2 for which sin x = .
2
 For 4 points of discontinuity, n can take the value 4 or 5. Ans.

n n n
 1  1
42. We have f (x) =   x 2 r  x 2r  2  =  x 2r   x 2 r  2n
r 1 r 1 r 1

 1 
1  2n 2 2n 
 1 1 1  x (1  x ) 1  x   2n
= (x2 + x4 + ..... + x2n) +  2  4  .....  2n  + 2n =  2
x x x  (1  x 2 ) x 1 1
x2

f (x) =
x 2 (1  x 2n )

1  x  2n
 2n
(1  x 2 ) (1  x 2 )x 2 n

(1  x 2n )  2 1 
f (x)  2 
x  2 n   2n x±1
(1  x )  x 

1 
 f (x )  2n (1  x 2 ) = (1  x 2n ) x 2  
 x 2n 

Now consider g (x) = nLim



f ( x )  2n ) x 2 n  2 (1  x 2 ) for x  1, 0 
2n  2 1  1
= Lim (1  x ) x  2n  · 2 n  2 ; x  1, 0
n   x  x
(1  x 2 n )( x 2n  2  1)  1  1 
= Lim 2n 2 n 2 = Lim   1  2 n  1  2 n  2 
n ( x )( x ) n  x  x 

 1 if | x | 1
Now g (x) =    if | x | 1  {0}
 1 if x  1, 0

Now clearly g has non removable infinite type of discontinuity at x = 1 and – 1
Also g is continuous at x = 2

43. (A) f(x) is continuous at |x| = – |x| i.e. at x= 0

(B) f(x) is continuous at x2 – 2 = – x2 – 2 i.e. at x = 0
(C) f(x) is only right continuous at x = 0.
1
(D) f(x) is continuous at x = 1 – x i.e. at x =
2

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 Continuity & Differentiability

44. Let f (x) = cosec 2x + cosec 22 x + cosec 23 x + .......... cosec 2n x, x 0, 2

and g (x) = f (x) + cot 2n x
g( x) cos ec x
 (cos x)  (sec x) if x  0

If H (x) =  p if x  0
 e x  e  x  2 cos x
 if x  0
x sin x
Find the value of p, if possible to make the function H (x) continuous at x = 0.

Method 2. f (x) = cosec 2x + cosec 22x + ...... + cosec 2n x

1 sin( 2 x  x)
now cosec 2x = sin 2 x = sin x sin 2 x = cot x – cot 2x

|||ly cosec 22 x = cot 2x – cot 22 x

cosec 23 x = cot 22 x – cot 23 x

cosec 2n x = cot 2 n – 1 x – cot 2n x
_____________________________________________

 f (x) = cot x – cot 2n x

 g (x) = f (x) + cot 2n x = cot x
now H (0 + h) = Lim
h 0

(cos h ) cot h  (sec h ) cosec h 
Lim coth (cos h 1) Lim cos ech (sec h 1)
= eh 0 + eh 0
=1+1=2 ....(1)

e  h  e h  2 cosh  e h  e  h  2 2(1  cosh ) 

H (0 – h) = Lim = Lim  2
  =2 ....(2)
h0 h sin h h0
 h h2 
From (1) and (2) H (x) will be cont. if p = 2

x 2  x , x  1 x 2  cx, x  2
45 Given f (x) =  2 , g (x) =  2 and h (x) = f(x) . g(x), x  R
x  ax , x  1 x  4 x , x  2
Now, define h(x) in the n.b.d. of x = 1 and x = 2.
 
 x 2  x x 2  cx , x  1
h(x) = f(x) · g(x) =  2

 2
 x  ax x  cx , x  1  and

 
 x 2  ax x 2  cx , x  2
h(x) =  2

 2

 x  ax x  4x , x  2 
Note: f (x) is discontinuous  a  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
g(x) is discontinuous if c  4
N1: Given both f (x) and g(x) are discontinuous
Hence, a  6 ways  N1 = 6 × 5 = 30
c  5 ways

281
 Continuity & Differentiability

N2 since g(x) is discontinuous  c  4

Now, h(x) is continuous at x = 1
h(1–) = h(1+)
 2 (1 – c) = (1 – a) (1 – c)  (1 – c) (1 + a) = 0
 1–c=0 (a  – 1) (Given)
 c=1
Also, given h(x) is discontinuous at x = 2
(4 – 2a) (4 – 2c)  (4 – 2a) (– 4)
(4 – 2a) (8 – 2c)  0
(2 – a) (4 – c)  0
Since c = 1
 a2  a  5 ways
c  1 way
 N2 = 5.
Now, N3 given h(x) is discontinuous at x = 1
 (1 – c) (a + 1)  0  c  1
and given h(x) is continuous at x = 2.
 (2 – a) (4 – c) = 0
if c = 4 then a  6 ways
if a = 2 then c  4 ways
Total 10 ways.
 N1 = 30
N2 = 5
N3 = 10
Total N1 + N2 + N3 = 45. Ans.

46 Let f(x) = y
 y2 – 4y + 3  0 (y – 1) (y – 3)  0 .........(1)
y2 – 6y + 8  0 (y – 4) (y – 2)  0 .........(2)
3 2
y – 5y + 10y – 12  0 (y – 3) (y2 – 2y + 4)  0 .........(3)
combining (1), (2) and (3), we get f(x) = 3 i.e. constant function

Hence 10A = 45 sq. units Ans.

f (x  h)  f (x)
47. f ' ( x )  Lim
h0 h

  h 
f  x 1     f ( x )
x 
= Lim  
h0 h

282
 Continuity & Differentiability

 h  h  h
f ( x )  f 1    x  1    x 1    f (x )
= Lim  x  x  x
h0 h

 h  h
f 1    1 f 1    f (1)
x 1  x 1
= Lim   1  = Lim  1
h0 h x h0 h x
x·
x
(On puting x = y = 1 in the given functional rule, we get f(1) = 1.)
1 1 2 1
 f ' (x) = f ' (1)  1  =  1 
x x x x
1
f ' (x) =  1  f(x) = ln x + x + c
x
put x = 1, c = 0
 f(x) = ln x + x
at x = e, f(e) = 1 + e  f–1 (1 + e) = e  g(1+ e) = e
1   1 
f '   e 1  g  f '     g (e  1)  e
e   e 

   1  
g  f '     [e]  2 . Ans.
   e  

f ( x ), 1  x  1
g (x ), x   ,1  1,  
 f (1)  g (1)
48. F(x) =  , x 1
 2
 f (1)  g(1)
 , x  1
2
continuous at x = 1  F(1–) = F(1+) = F(1)
f (1)  g(1)
 f(1–) = g(1+) =
2
( 4  a )  (1  b) 5a  b
 4+a=1+b= = .
2 2
 b – a = 3. .......(1)
continuous at x = – 1  F(–1–) = F(–1+) = F(–1)
( 4  a )  ( b  1)
 b–1=4–a=
2
3ba
 b–1=4–a=
2
 a+b=5 .......(2)
(1) and (2)
 a = 1, b = 4  a2 + b2 = 17. Ans.

283
 Continuity & Differentiability

f(0) = 1
49. f(0) can be taken in 2 ways
f(0) = – 1
|||ly at x = 1, 2, 3, 4 3 possibilities 
 think !
y
1
x
O 1 2 3 4 5
–1

and at x = 5 only one possilibilites

 Total number of functions = 2 × 34 × 1 = 162. Ans.

50. For – 1 < x < 1,

0, when x = 0
4x 2

x 4 1 4
1 when x  0
2
x  2
x

4x 2  1 
 4
 2 2
 x  2  2 
x 1  x 
Sign of equality holds at x = ± 1, but x  (– 1, 1) – {0}
4x 2
 2
x4 1

 4x 2 
  4  = 1 as x  1 from LHS.
 x 1
ln (1  ax  a ) ln 1  a (1  x )  a (1  x ) a
Now, Lim = Lim = 
x 1 
e bx  e b x 1 e b ( x 1)
1  be b
b
e b(x  1) a (1  x )
b( x  1)

(tan bx  tan b) (1  cos 2bx )

Again, Lim
x 1 2(x  1)

tan b( x  1) 1  tan bx tan b  · 2 cos2 bx

= Lim ·b
x 1 2b ( x  1)
= (1 + tan2b) (cos2b) · b = b
 f(x) is continuous at x = 1
a
 = b = ln 2
be b

284
 Continuity & Differentiability

a
 b = ln 2 and  ln 2
be b
 – a = (ln 2)2 · 2
 a = – 2(ln 2)2
a + 2b2 = – 2(ln 2)2 + 2(ln 2)2 = 0.
 1 + a + 2b2 = 1. Ans.

51. We have

0, x  ( ,  1)
1  x , x  [1, 0]
f(x) = 
1  x, x  (0, 1]

0, x  (1, )

0, x  1 ( ,  1)
1  ( x  1), x  1 [1, 0]
 f(x – 1) = 1  ( x  1), x  1 (0, 1]

0, x  1 (1, )

0, x0
x , 0  x 1
or f(x – 1) = 
2  x, 1 x  2

 ,
0 x2

0, x  1  (, 1)

1  ( x  1), x  1  [1, 0]
Also, f(x + 1) = 1  ( x  1), x  1  (0, 1]

0, x  1  (1,  )

0, x  2
2  x , 2  x  1
or f(x + 1) = 
 x, 1  x  0

 ,
0 0x

0, x  2
2  x , 2  x  1
 x , 1  x  0
Now, g(x) = f(x – 1) + f(x + 1) = 
x, 0  x 1

2  x , 1 x  2
0, x2

Clearly,
It is easy to check that g(x) is continuous  x  R and non-differentiable
at x = – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2
and differentiable elsewhere.
Hence, number of points of non-differentiability of g(x) are 5. Ans.

285
 Continuity & Differentiability

52. L.H.L. at x = –1
1  h 1 2h  2 
Lim tan 1 = Lim tan 1 = Lim tan 1 1   =
h 0 1 h 1 h 0 h h 0  h 2
R.H.L. at x = –1
1  h 1 2h 2  
Lim tan 1 = Lim tan 1 = Lim tan 1   1 =
h 0 1 h 1 h 0 h h 0 h  2
 L.H.L = R.H.L.  f(–1)
i.e. Lim f (x )  f(–1) Ans.
x 1

53 Differentiability at x = 0
( h  2)  2
f ' (0+) = Lim =1
h 0 h
1  e h  2 e h  1
f' (0–) = Lim = Lim =1
h 0 h h0 h
Hence f is differentiable hence continuous at x = 0.
Differentiability at x = 3
6(3  h )  3
5 6(3  h )  3  15  5h 1
+
f ' (3 ) = Lim 3  h = Lim =
h 0 h h 0 h (3  h ) 3
(3  h )  2  5
f ' (3–) = Lim =1
h 0 h
 f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
Graph shown below :

54. f(xn) = 2f (xn – 1)

f ' (xn) · n xn – 1 = 2 f '(xn – 1) · (n – 1) xn – 2
Put x = 2.
f '(2 ) · n · 2n – 1 = 2 · f '(2n – 1) · (n – 1) 2n – 2
n

(n  1) (n  1) (n  2) 1
 f '(2n) = f '(2n – 1) f ' (2n) =  ........... · f ' (2)
(n ) n (n  1) 2
f ' ( 2)
 f '(2n) = . Ans.
n

286
 Continuity & Differentiability

55. Lim f (cos3 x  sin 2 x ) y

x0

2
x  0 cos3x – cos2x < 0
1

 1 + cos3x – cos2x < 1 ½

x
O x=1

 Lim f (1  cos3 x  sin 2 x )  2 . Ans.]

x0

(  h ) e[  h ]  |  h |   ( h ) e 1 h  
56. Lim f (0  h ) = Lim = Lim =
h 0 h 0 [ h ]  |  h | h 0 1 h
22
But we are given f (0) =  f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0  f (x) is non–differentiable at x = 0.]
7

 f (3  sin 3 h )  f (3  sin 2 h )   f (3  sin 3 h )  f (3  sin 2 h )   sin 3 h  sin 2 h 

57. Lim  
2
 Lim 
 = h 0  3 2
 ·
  2


h 0
 h   sin h  sin h   h 
= f '(3) · 1 = 2. Ans.

58. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) ...............(1)

f (0) = 1
put x = 0 , y = 0 in (1)
f(0) = 0
f (x  h)  f (x)
consider f (x) = Lim
h 0 h
f ( x )  f (h )  f (x )
or f ' (x) = Lim = f (0) = 1
h 0 h
 f(x) + x + c  f(0) = 0 c=0
 f(x) = x

2 tan x  2sin x
l = Lim
x 0 sin x
x2 ·x
x

2 tan x  2sin x
Lim
x 0 x3

2 tan x sin x  1
Lim 2sin x  Lim
x 0 x 0 x3

287
 Continuity & Differentiability

2 tan x sin x  1 Lim tan x  sin x tan x 1  cos x 

Lim × = ln 2 ·
x 0 tan x  sin x x 0 x 3 x  x 2 
1 1
ln 2 ×  ln 2. Ans.
2 2

59. From the 1st graph if x  (– a, a) then no value of y and hence f (x) must be negative in (– a, a).
Also from the above two graph if x  [– b, – a]  [a, b] then f (x) is positive
and hence from the given graphs, graph of f(x) is as follows.
y
c

0 x
–b –a a b

–c

Clearly, f(x) is discontinuous at 2 points and non-differentiable at 3 points

1
1 cosec B sin C x
 
60. k  Lim 1  sin A   x (1)

x0  
( C > B  sin C > sin B sin C cosec B > 1)
1
1 1
 sin C sin A  x
Lim cos ecB sin C x sin A x Lim  
 
x0  sin B 
= ex  0 =e = e0 = 1.


A  B  C 
2
sin A  sin B  sin C  1
sin A
0   1 and 0  sin C  1 . Ans.
sin B
sin A sin C
 0 1
sin B

 
 3( x 2  1)  | x |   
 |x|   |x| 1 1
61. We have H(x) =  = 3  x 2  1  As 0  2  
 x2 1    x 1 1 2
 | x |  
 |x| 

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), x  (,  2)  (2,  )

So, H(x) = 3, x0
2, x  [–2, 2]  {0}



288
 Continuity & Differentiability

Also, H(x) is an even function on R, so graph of H(x) is symmetrical about y-axis.

y=2
x
–2 O 2

(0, – 4) y=–4

Graph of H(x)

8
Note : H(x) = tan–1(3 – | x | ), | x | > 2

Also for |x| > 2, 3 – |x|  (– , 1), so
8  
H(x)   ,  = (– 4, 2)
  2 4
From the above graph, it is clear that H(x) is discontinuous at only one point i.e. x = 0. ]\

62. x=1+h
 1 
2  1  h  h e

Lt  h   
h 0 e 1  cos     h  
 1 
 1   h ln1h  
 1  h  h e 2 e e

2  Lt  h  
 Lt  h  
h 0 e  2  h  
h 0 e 1  cos  h   2sin  2  
  

  2 2  
 1  h  h  h ....  
 e h  2! 3!   e 
   h h2 
2    Lt 
2 e   2! 3! .... 
e 1
 Lt  h 
h 0 e  h  h 0 e h  
2sin 2   2 2  
 2  h
2 4
 h 
 
 2 

=1

289
 Continuity & Differentiability

1  2 t, t  0
 f ( x  1), 0  x  1
63 Given f(t) = 1, 0  t  1  g(x) = 
2t  1, t  1 3  x , 1  x  2
f(t)
3  2 x, 0  x  1
 g(x) = 3  x, 1  x  2

 The function g(x) is discontinuous at x = 1, as
Lim g ( x ) does not exist. t=0
x
x1 t=1
So, g(x) is non-derivable at x = 1. Ans.


64. Discontinuous at all odd integral multiple of
2
(Isolated point removable)
1

–  
2 2 2
–1

65. Since, f(x) is derivable in (– 2, 2)

Derivability of f(x) at x = – 1 is possible only when b – 2 = 0  b = 2
{ | x + 1| is non-derivable at x = – 1.}
Similarly derivability of f(x) at x = 1 is possible only when c + 2 = 0  c = – 2.
Now, f(x) becomes



 1
ln (1  x )  a tan x  2, 2 x  0
f ( x )  2, x 0
  x 
ln  4   
 2x   2  1
e  e , 0x2
 x2


 1
ln (1  x )  a tan x  2, 2 x 0
f ( x )   2, x0
 e 2 x  2x  1  x x  x 
 , 0  x  2  0   1     
 x2  2 2 2 

e 2 x  2x  1 1
= Lim · 4  42
x0 4x 2 2
 Lim ln (1  x )  a tan 1 x  2  2
x  0

290
 Continuity & Differentiability

ln (1  h )  a tan 1 ( h )  2  2
f ' (0 )  Lim
h 0 h

ln (1  h ) a tan 1 (h )
Lim   1 a
h 0 h h

e 2h  2h  1
2
h2 e 2 h  2h  1  2h 2 4
f ' (0 )  Lim = Lim 
h0 h h0 h3 3
4 7
 a–1= a=
3 3
49
 9a2 + b2 + c2 = 9 · + 4 + 4 = 57 Ans.
9

Paragraph for question nos. 66 to 68

Sol. Consider f (x) in [0, 1]

f ' (t) = 3t2 – 2t + 1 > 0  t  (0, 1)  f is  in (0, 1)
maximum occurs at t = x.
x 3  x 2  x  1 0  x  1
and hence f (x) is 3  x 1 x  2

again consider g (x) = in [0, 1)
3 4 1 3 3 2
g (t) = t  t  t 1
8 2 2
3 3 3 2 3 3
g ' (t) = t  t  3t = t (t2 + t – 2) = t (t –1) ) (t + 2)
2 2 2 2
g (t) decreases in [0, 1)
 maximum occurs when t = 0 and g (0) = 1
again consider g (x) function in [1, 2]
3 1 5
g(t) = t+ sin2t +
8 32 8
3 
g ' (t) = + sin (2t) > 0  t  R
8 32
 g is an increasing function in [1, 2]
 minimum occurs when t = 1 and g (1) = 1
1 0  x  1
hence g (x) =  = 1  x  [0, 2]
1 1 x  2
66. f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1 Ans.

67. Lim fog(x) = f(1) and Lim gof(x) = 1 also f(1) > 1 Ans.
x  1¯ x 1

291
 Continuity & Differentiability

d d
68. Z(x) = f(x)g(x) = f(x)1  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
dx dx
= f (x)  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
d d f(x)
& Y(x) = g(x)f(x) = 1 = 0  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
dx dx
Hence the functions Y(x) and Z(x) can vanish simultaneously at f (x) = 0 which is not possible for any
real x. Ans.

 
e[3 cot x 1]  cos 2x    a  cos x  sin x 
 2
69. R.H.L. Lim 2
x
  
4  x  
 4

 [3 cotx – 1]

cot x < 1 in x  e = e in x 
4 4

 
Also cos x < sin x in x   [cos x – sin x] = – 1 in x  .
4 4
   
Also cos 2x   = 2 cos2 x   – 1
 2  4

      
= 2  cos x  4   1  cos  x  4   1  1
      

     
 a  e  21  cos  x    1  cos x   
  4  4 
 Lim 2
x
  
4 x  
 4
If limit exists a = e & R.H.L. is –2. 1/2.2 = – 2
1  sin 2x  sin 2 2 x
for L.H.L. Let y=
1  sin 2x

sin 2 2x 1 1 3
y = 1 = 1  1 
1  sin 2 x 1 1 2 2

sin 2x sin 2x
1 2
 .
y 3

2 1  sin 2 x 
Lim    2   1
  3 1  sin x  sin 2 x 
x
4
 – b = – 2  b = 2.

292
 Continuity & Differentiability

 
Also, f   = P ([p] – 2) – 2 = – 2.
 4
P([P] – 2) = 0
 p = 0, 2  n = 2
 [a + b + n] = [e + 2 + 2] = [e + 4] = 6. Ans.

ax 3  b, 0  x 1 
70 f (x) =  1  a+b=–2+
2 cos   tan x , 1  x  2 4

3ax 2 , 0  x 1

f '(x) =  1
 2 sin x  1  x 2 , 1 x  2

1 1
3a =  a=
2 6
 1  13  26
b= –2– =  = 
4 6 4 6 4 12
 k1 = 6, k2 = 12  k2 – k1 = 6. Ans.

Paragraph for question nos 71 to 73

  1 
 f  c     f (c)
  1    n 
71. Lim n f  c    f (c)  Lim
= a = n 
n   n 1

n
f (c  h )  f (c ) 1
= Lim = a (where  h )
h0 h n
h  0 from RHS, hence it is just RHD. Hence nothing can be said about LHD
 f ' (c) may or may not exist. Ans.

72. As f is continuous on R and Lim f ( x )  Lim f ( x )  0 it clearly implies f is bounded because if its
x  x  
tends to  or –  at any point x = a then it will become discontinuous at x = a.
Also graph of f (x) can be of the form

or

or

in all above cases f attains either a maximum or minimum or both.

293
 Continuity & Differentiability

73. Lim x  a sin( x  c )  0 if a > 0

x 0

hence if a > 0 , Lim x  a sin( x  c )  f (0) hence f is continuous at x = 0 and clearly on remaining
x 0
real line f is continuous. Hence f is continuous if a > 0 ....(1)
h a sin( h  c )
now f ' (0+) = Lim  Lim h a 1 sin( h c ) which exist if a – 1 > 0 i.e. a > 1 ....(2)
h 0 h h 0

0 x0
now f ' (x) = a x a 1 sin( x  c )  x a cos(x c )(cx c1 ) x  0

clearly f ' is continuous in (0, 1] but at x = 0
Lim f ' (0  h )  Lim ah a 1 sin( h  c )  h a cos( h  c )( ch  c 1 )
h 0 h 0

= Lim ah a 1 sin( h  c )  h a c1 ( c) cos( h  c )

h 0
which exist if a – c – 1 > 0  a>1+c ....(3)
by intersection of conditions (1), (2) and (3).

74 f (x), g (x) and h (x) are continuous at x = 1

1 1
 Lim f  cosec  = f (1) = 0
n  n n

 1
Lim g  n tan  = g (1) = 0
n  n

  1 
and Lim h  2n 2 1  cos   = h (1) = 0
n   n 

 Lim F( x ) = f (1) + g (1) + h (1) = 0

n 
Also as n , the graph of y = F (x) approaches to be a straight line
 for y = F (x) to be differentiable at x = 1.
F ' (1) must be zero.

75. f (x) is non differentiable at x = , , 0, ,  i.e. 5 points

and g (x) is non differentialbe at x = , , 0, – 2, 2 i.e. 7 points

 L + M = 5 + 7 = 12

294
 Continuity & Differentiability

  2
76 In 0,  , 0  x2   2.4674
 2 4
3
and 0  x3   3.8758
8
 [x2] will be discontinuous at x = 1 and 2 and [x3] will be discontinuous hence not differentiable at
x = 1, 2 and 3.
 p = 2 and q = 3  p + q = 5 and p2 + q2 = 13 Ans.

77. (xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy – x – y – 1

x=y=1
f(1) = 2f(1) + 1 – 1 – 1 – 1  f(1) = 2
Lim 2  f (1  h ) = 2
h0 h

 Lim f (1  h )  f (1) = 2
h0 h
 f (1) = 2
  h 
f ( x  h )  f ( x ) f  x 1     f ( x )
Now, f (x) = hLim
0 = hLim
0
  x 
h
h

 h  h  h
f ( x )  f 1    x 1    x  1    1  f ( x )
= hLim
0
 x  x  x
h

 h
f 1    2
 x 1 1 1
= hLim + 1 – = . f  (1) + 1 –
0 h x x x
x
x
2 1 1
= +1– = +1
x x x
f(x) = ln x + x + c
putting x = 1
2=0+1+c c=1
 f(x) = lnx + x + 1

2  1
2 f
1  
x  x  Lim 2  2 t  f (1  t ) 1
L = xLim
 = t0 (where x = )
1 t t
1  cos 1  cos
3x 3

295
 Continuity & Differentiability

2  2 t  {ln (1  t )  1  t  1}  t
= Lim 1  cos 
t0 t  3 
1  cos 
3

 t 2 t3 
t   t   ........  t
2 3  . 1  cos 
= Lim
t0

3
t 
1  cos 2
3.t
2
t 9
9

1 9 2
= × = 18
2 1/ 2

78. Put x=x+h

y=x
 | f(x + h) – f(x)|  | h |3
f ( x  h )  f (x )
Lim  Lim h 2
h0 h h0

 | f '(x) |  0
 |f '(x)| = 0  f(x) = constant
 f(x) = 100
Hence f(20) = 100. Ans

 2
 1  x   n  1   nxn 
1

79 f(x) =  4   2  2
 1
 n 1 x n   x  n 1
2
 Graph of f(x) will be
y

y=1/2

x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

1
Clearly f(x) is continuous in R but not differentiable at x = n + and n  n  I
2
 not differentiable at 19 points in (– 5, 5).
Also f(x) is periodic with fundamental period 1.
 19 points Ans.

296
 Continuity & Differentiability

x 2  kx  1
80. f (x) =
x2  k
for f to be continuous  x  R
x2 + kx + 1  0 and x2 – k must not have any root i.e. k < 0
 k2 – 4  0 and k < 0 ....(1)
 k  [–2, 2] ....(2)
from (1) and (2)
k  [–2, 0) Ans.

1 if x  0
0 if x  (0,  2]

81. f (x) =   1 if x  ( 2 , 3 2)
0 if x  (3 2 , 2)
1 if x  2
clearly function is discontinuous at x = 0, /2, 3/2, 2

82. continuity
 f (1) = f (2) = .......f (100) = a fixed irrational value
if (A) is correct then
f (1) + f (2) + ....... + f (100) = f (1) + f (2) + ..... + f (99)  f (100) = 0
which is not possible as f (100) must be irrational
if (B) is correct then
f (1) + f (2) + ...... + f (100) = f (2) + f (4) + ...... + f (100) + f (102) + ..... + f (200)
f (1)  f (3)  .....  f (99)  f (102)  f (104)  .....  f (200)
      equality holds
50 terms 50 terms

83. f is defined as follows in [–1, 2]

0 if x  2 or x  1

 3
(2x  3)(x  1) if  x  2
 2
 3
f (x) =  (3  2 x )(x  1) if 1  x 
2
  
cos  ( x  x  0)   1 if 0  x  1
 2 
 
cos(2 x  1) if  1  x  0
2

297
 Continuity & Differentiability

84. Plot the graph of y = | x | – 1.

y
Now graph y = | x |  1
–(x + 1) y=x–1
1 (0, 1)
Now for domain of the function sin f | x | x+1
y=1
0  f (| x |)  1 1–x
 x  [–2, 2]
Now graph of sin 1 g( x )  x
–2 (–1, 0) O (1, 0) 2

sin 1 ( x  1) in [1, 2]
 1
sin (1  x ) in [0, 1] 0, –1
y = sin g( x )  =  1
1
sin ( x  1) in [1, 0]
 1 Graph of y = g(x)
sin ( x  1) in [2,  1]

Graph of y = sin 1 g ( x ) 

y
/2

x
–2 –1 O 1 2

Now derivable at {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2} vertical tangent at – 2 and 2

n
 f (a  1 n ) 
85. l = Lim   (1 form)
n  f (a ) 
  f (a  1 n )  f (a )   1
l = (exp.)  Lim n    ; put n =
n   f ( a )  h

f '( a )
 f (a  h )  f (a ) 1   f ' (a ) 
= (exp.)  Lim ·  = (exp.)   = e f (a ) Ans.
 h 0 h f (a )   f (a ) 

1 1
86 f ' (x2) =  f ' (x) = , x>0
x x
 f(x) = 2 x + c (c = integration constant)
 f(1) = 1  c=–1
 f(x) = 2 x – 1, x > 0
and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R
 g ' (– cos2x) = cos2 x + p
 g ' (x) = p – x,  x  [– 1, 0]

298
 Continuity & Differentiability

x2
 g(x) = px – +k (where k = integration constant)
2
1 1
 g(–1) = 0  0 = – p – +k k= +p
2 2
x2 1
 g(x) = px – + +p
2 2

2 x  1 , x0
 2
 h(x) =  x 1
px    p , 1  x  0
 2 2
 At x = 0
L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
1 3
 –1= +p  p=
2 2
Hence 2p = – 3
Absolute value of 2p is 3

(e 2 x  1)  (e x  e  x )  x (e x  e  x )
87. l = Lim
x 0  ex 1 
x 2  

 x 
multiply Nr and Dr by ex
e x (e 2 x  1)  (e 2 x  1)  x (e 2 x  1)
Lim
x 0 x 2 ·e x

2x  (e x  1)  x  1
Lim
= x 0 ( e  1)  2  =2· = 1 ans.
 x  2

88. f (0)  k  Lim f ( x )

x0

    
tan  2x   2 tan  x   tan
 Lim 4  4  4
x 0     
sin   2 x   2 sin   x   sin
4  4  4

        
 tan  2 x   tan  x     tan  tan  x  
4  4   4 4 
 Lim 
x0      
 sin   2 x   sin   2 sin   x 
 4  4 4 

299
 Continuity & Differentiability

        
tan x 1  tan  2x  tan  x    tan x1  tan  x  tan 
 4  4   4  4
 Lim
x0    
2 sin   x  cos x  2 sin   x 
4  4 

     
tan x tan  x  tan  2x   tan 
4   4  4
 Lim
x0    1  cos x  2
 2 sin   x   x
4  x2 

     
tan x tan  x  tan 2 x1  tan  2x  tan 
4   4  4
 Lim  4 2
x0    1  cos x  2
 2 sin   x   x
4  x2 

Hence k  4 2 Ans.

 1    1  
  n n     n  
b
89 f (x )  Lim   a 1      sin x  e x
n      a   
  n
 


1 1
  1
  

   tan  
     n 
 f(x) = (a sin x + 0) (1 + 1)
 f(x) = 2 a sin x
H(x) = sgn (2a sin x – 3) has exactly one point of discontinuity in [0, 2], then 2a sin x – 3 = 0 must
3
have one real root in [0, 2], sinx =
2a
3
 a= only.  24a = 36. Ans.
2

90. f(x) = x  2 2 x  4  x  2 2 x  4
Its domain is [2, )
Let t = 2x  4

t2 t2 1
f(x) =  2  2t   2  2t = (t + 2 + | t – 2 | )
2 2 2

2 2 if t  2 2 2 if x  [2, 4)
=  = 
 2t if t  2 2 x  2 if x  [4, )

0 if x  [2, 4)

f ' (x) =  1 , f (x) is not derivable at x = 4. Ans.
if x  [4, )
 x  2

300
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for question nos. 91 and 92

 
Let f :  ,   R, such that f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and
 2 2
1 x
 (1  sec x ) f  , x0
f(x) =  2 2
2, x 0
x
cos 2
(1  cos x )  x  2 f x
Sol. f(x) = f  =  
2 cos x 2 cos x 2

x  x   x   x 
cos 2   · cos 2  2  · cos 2  3  ...... cos 2  n 
 2 2  2   2  f  x 
= · .
x  x   x   2n 
cos x · cos  · cos 2  ........cos  n  1 
2 2  2 

tan x
= · f ( 0)
x

 2 tan x
 , x0
f(x) =  x
2, x 0

 2 1 8
 f  = =
4  
2 [x sec 2 x 4 tan x ]
91. f '(x) = ,x0
x2

 
2   1
 2  8  
 f'    =   1
4   2 
·
4 4

 8  4  16 32 
= 4   =  
      

    8 (3  4)
 f    f '  =
4  4 2

5
92. Limit = . Ans.
3

301
 Continuity & Differentiability

93. f (x) is non differentiable at x = , , 0, ,  i.e. 5 points

and g (x) is non differentialbe at x = , , 0, – 2, 2 i.e. 7 points L + M = 5 + 7 = 12 ]

 log e | x |
   x  0
 2x
94. f(x) = 0 x 0
  {sin x}
 x
0x
 e

 
f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0, and non-differentiable at x = 0, and – 1.
2 2
(l + m) = 5. Ans.

1 x  ( 2 I) 

 1 x  ( 2 I) 
95. f(x) =  1 x  (2I  1)
1 x  (2I  1) 

0 x I

Paragraph for question nos. 96. to 98.

According to given information, we must have f(x) a polynomial of degree 4 with leading coefficient 3.
So, f(x) = 3 (x – 2) (x – 3) (x + 1) (x + 6) + (x2 + 1)

96. f(0) = 109. Ans.

f (x )  x 2  1 3 ( x  2) ( x  3) ( x  1) ( x  6)
97. Lim = Lim = (– 8) (– 9) (– 5) = – 360. Ans.
x  6 3 ( x  6) x  6 3 ( x  6)
1 1
98. We have g(x) = 2 = 2
x  1  f (x) ( x  1)  3 ( x  2) ( x  3) ( x  1) ( x  6)  ( x 2  1)
1
= , x  – 6, – 1, 2, 3
3 (x  2) (x  3) ( x  1) (x  6)

  15 5 
But x   , , so points of discontinuous are three i.e., x = – 6, – 1, 2. Ans.
 2 2 

302
 Continuity & Differentiability


2 x  0, 2  2
 
cos x 0x 1 
 2
  3  2
99.  cos x  1 x 
2 2 O – 2
 2
0 3
x
 2
 3
cos x  x  2
 2

x = 4 p = 0 become f (x) is not equal to 1 or –1 in [0, 2]

 n+p=4

100. f (x) = cot2x – cosec2x

Clearly f (x) is discontinuous at x =
π
∴ n1 = 1
g (x) = π + sin–1x
2
∴ g (x) is differentiable in (–1,
∴ 1)
n2 = 0
 6; x0
 5; 
 0x
2
h (x) = 5 + [cos x] =   3
 4 ; x
 2 2
 5 ; 3
 x  2
2

 3
 h(x) is non-derivable at x = 0, ,
2 2
∴n3 = 3
Hence (n1 + n2 + n3) = 1 + 0 + 3 = 4 Ans.

Paragraph for questions nos. 101 & 102

      1
Sol. Clearly  4  = c;  4  =
f   f
    c
1
101 As Lim f (x ) exists, so c =  c = ± 1 Ans.
x
 c
4

303
 Continuity & Differentiability

 
102. As f (x) is continuous at x = , so Lim f (x ) = f  
4 x
 4
4

1
 c= = 1  c = 1 Ans.
c

103. Consider continuous function g as

g (x) = f (x + 1) – f (x) (x2 = x1 + 1)
now, g (0) = f (1) – f (0) = f (1) – f (2) ....(1)
g (1) = f (2) – f (1) = f (2) – f (1) ....(2)
hence g (0) and g (1) are of opposite signs, hence  some c  (0, 1) where g (c) = 0
i.e. f (c + 1) = f (c) [c + 1  (1, 2) as c  (0, 1) ]
put c = x1 ; c + 1 = x2
 f (x2) = f (x1) where x2 – x1 = 1
obviously x1, x2  (0, 2)

104.
(A) If lines are parallel for some t (0, 1) then we have to prove,
 f1 ( t )  g1 ( t )
f 2 (t) = g 2 (t )
f1(t) g2(t) – f2(t) g1(t) = 0
Let  (t) = f1(t) g2(t) – f2(t) g1(t)
 f1, f2, g1, g2 are continuous functions
 (t) is continuous function
(0) = f1(0) g2(0) – f2(0) g1(0)
=2×2–3×3=–5
and  (1) = f1(1) g2(1) – f2(1) g1(1)
= 4 × 4 – 2 × 2 = 12
 According to I.V.T. (t) = 0 for some t (0, 1)
 Lines are parallel for some t (0, 1)

  f (t )    g (t) 
(B) If lines are r then  1   1  = – 1
 f 2 (t)   g 2 (t) 
f1(t) g1(t) + f2(t) g2(t) = 0
Let h(t) = f1(t) g1(t) + f2(t) g2(t)
h(0) = 12 and h(1) = 16

(C) If lines make complimentary angles then

  f1 ( t )    g1 ( t ) 
    = 1
 f 2 (t)   g 2 (t) 
f1(t) g1(t) – f2(t) g2(t) = 0
let k(t) = f1(t) g1(t) – f2(t) g2(t)
here k(0) = 0 and k(1) = 0

304
 Continuity & Differentiability

105. f (x) = x + {–x} + [x]

= x +  x  [ x ] + [x] as {x} = x – [x]
= x – x – [– x] + [x]
f (x) = [x] – [– x]

 4 x  2
 3 2  x  1
 2 x  1

 1 1  x  0
i.e. f (x) = 0, x0  discontinuous at all integral value of x
1 0  x 1
2 x 1

3 1 x  2
 4 x2

i.e. – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2. i.e. five points. Ans.

106. 
f(x) = sgn (3 cos 1 x  )( x  2) 
= sgn (x) is discontinuous at x = 0

 f(x) is discontinuous at x = cos only
3
Since x = 2  Df & no graph of f exist in viccinity of x = 2.
 Only one point of discontinuity i.e. 1 Ans.

108. We have, f ( x )  Lim

1  sin x n  e x
n 1  (1  sin x ) n

e x , x  2n  1, 2n

 x
1  e where n  I.
 , x  n
 2
1, x  2n, 2n  1

 when x  (2n, (2n + 1) )  0 < sin x  1 and x  2x  1, 2n

 –1  sin x < 0.

305
 Continuity & Differentiability

1  e  2
 , x  2
 2
1, 2  x   
1  e  
 , x
 x2
e ,   x  0
So, f(x) = 1, x0
1, 0x 
 x
1  e , x
 2
e x ,   x  2
 x
1  e , x  2
 2

Clearly, number of points of discontinuity of f(x) in [–2, 2] = 4

i.e., x = – 2, – , , 2.
Note : The function f(x) is continuous at x = 0. Ans.

109. Let b > 0, then f(1) = b > 0

and f(5) = 2a + 3b – 6 = 2(a + 2b) – b – 6 = 4 – b – 6 = – (2 + b) < 0
Hence by IVT,  some c  (1, 5) s.t.  f (c) = 0
If b = 0 then a = 2
f(x) = 2 x  1 – 2x 2  3x  1 = 0 (finding roots of f (x) = 0)
 4(x – 1) = 2x2 – 3x + 1 = (2x – 1) (x – 1)
5
(x – 1) (2x – 5) = 0  x =
2
5
Hence f (x) = 0 if x = which lies in (1, 5)
2
If b < 0 , f(1) = b < 0 and
f(2) = a + b 3 – 3
= (a + 2b) +  3  2 b– 3
= (2 – 3 ) – (2 – 3)b
= (2 – 3 ) (1 – b) > 0 (as b < 0)
Hence f(1) as f(2) have opposite signs
 some c  (1, 2)  (1, 5) for which f(c) = 0

110. f '(x) = – 3x2 + 2x – 1 < 0  x

f(x) decreasing function
 f ( x ) ; 0  x  1  x 3  x 2  x  1 ; 0  x  1
 g( x )   = 
x  1 ; 1  x  2  x  1 ; 1 x  2

306
 Continuity & Differentiability

 
g g (1 )  g(0 )  1
g g (1 )   g (0 )  1 . Ans.
 

111. f (x) is continuous and differentiable at only x = 1 and f '(1) = 3.


112. f(x) is continuous at x =
2

e cos 2 n x
 sin x  22m
 
 
 esin 2 n h  1  1  cos2m h
 Lim  1  Lim 1
x
 ( 2 x  ) 2 h  0 4h 2
2

  esin 2 n h  1   esin 2 n h  1

  1  cos 2m 
h 2n
 Lim       4  Lim   · sin h  m  4
2 2
h 0 
 h h  h 0 (sin 2n h ) h2
 
If n = 1, then m = – 3 and if n > 1 then m = – 4.
In both cases : f '(0) = 0. Ans.
 5
113 for x = or , 4 sin2x = 1
6 6
x x
 Lim f (x) = Lim n  1  1n

n 2
 5
for <x< , 4 sin2x > 1
6 6
x
 Lim f (x) = Lim  0
n n  1  (greater than1) n

 5
for 0 < x < or < x <  , 4 sin2x < 1
6 6
x
 f (x) = Limit  x
n   1  (less than1) n

 5
x for 0  x  or x
 6 6

 x  5
Hence f (x)=  for x or and graph is as shown above.
 2 6 6
  5
 0 for x
6 6
 5
From the graph it is clear that f (x) is continuous everywhere in [0,] except at and and has
6 6
  5 5
non removable discontinuity of finite type. Jump at  x =  it is units and at x = it is units.
6 6 6 6

307
 Continuity & Differentiability

1
2 tan
 n  n
114. (B) Let L = Lim   ()
n   n 1 
 

1  n2  
ln L = Lim tan ln   = Lim 2 ln n  ln (n  1)  
 
n n  n 1 n  1 
cot 
 n
4 ln t  ln ( t 2  1) 2 ( t 2  2)
Put n= t2 = Lim = Lim
t 1 t 1  1 
cot  t ( t 2  1) cosec2    2 
t
  tt 
2
 1
sin 
2 (t 2  2)  t =0
= Lim 
t   t ( t 2  1)  1 
 
 t 
L = 1. Ans.
3
(C) sin 2x = ±
2
2x  (0, 4)
Hence, 8 solutions. Ans.

(D) Since g(x) is differentiable  x  R

 f(x) must have the factor x(x – 1) (x – 2) atleast once.
 minimum 3 roots of f(x) = 0. Ans.

16
115.
2
f ( x )  23  2  x  2 x 1  4 = 23  2
2 ( x 1)
Range of f(x) is = [7, 23)
 f (x)  f (x)
Now, g( x )    will be discontinuous at all points where is an integer..
 µ  µ

 f (x ) 
When µ  23 then 0  f (x )  1    = 0  x  R and g(x) becomes continuous in R.
µ  µ 
f (x)
When 1  µ < 23 then becomes integer at some values of x and g(x) will be discontinuous at
µ
these value of x.
 Sum of all values of µ is
22 · 23
1 + 2 + 3 + .......... + 22 = = 253. Ans.
2

308
 Continuity & Differentiability

116. The function is only non-differentiable where the quadratic in the absolute value is equal to zero -
which occurs at x = 2 and x = 3.

6  2x 
117. [Sol.2 Graph of f (x) = tan 1  f (x)
 1  x2 
3
Range of f(x) is (–3, 3) integral values
2
of f (x) are –2, –1, 0, 1, 2.
1
For each integral value of f(x) (except zero) –1
x
there are exactly two values of x and for 0
f(x) = 0, there is exaclty are value of x, x = –1
0. –2
–3
 Total number of points where f (x) is an
integer and where [f (x)] is discontinuous is
9.

118. f (x) = sin x is differentiable in [0, 2]

g (x) = | sin x | is not differentiable at x = .
Let h (x) = f (x) g (x) = | sin x | sin x
| sin(   h ) | sin(   h )  0 | sin h | sin h
h ' () = Lim = Lim =0
h 0 h h0 h
 h (x) is differentiable at x = 
but g (x) is not differentiable at x =  ]

 a sin    b tan  
119. f ( x )  Lim 
 0  
x 
   
 a sin   a sin     b tan   b tan   
 Lim    x    
 0            

  a sin      b tan   
 Lim  a   
 x  
 b     
 0       
 sin  
  is little less than 1 as   0 
 a sin   y = 4 – x2
 is little greater than a as   0 (a  I¯) 
  
 tan  
 is little greater than 1 and   0 
   y = f(x)
 b tan    (–2,0) (0,0) (2,0)
  is little greater than b as   0 ( b I )
f(x) = (a – a)x + (b – b) = 0
 f(x) is continuous for all values of x and f(x) is both even and odd function.
Area bounded by y = f(x) and y  4  x 2 is 2.

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 Continuity & Differentiability

k
 x 
k
 f    f ( 0)   x  k
n   x    n
120. Let L = Lim  k  f    f (0) . Now L  Lim       · Ck
n
n      n   x
0   n 
n 

 n 

x
f    f (0)
n
As f(x) is differentiable, hence Lim x
 f ' (0)
n 
0
n
k k n ( n  1) ( n  2) (n  k  1) (n  k )!
 L  Lim f ' (0) x · ....... n
·
k!(n  k )!
n  n n n

x k Lim 1·1  1  1  2  1  3  ....1  k  1  xk

= f '(0)k · · n       = f '(0)k · Ans.
k!  n  n  n   n  k!

n
121. As sin–11 + sin–1 2 .............. + sin–1 n =
2
   1 
 sin–11 = sin–1 2 = ............ = sin–1 n =    sin   
2  2 2
 1 = 2 = ...........n = 1
n

So, p =  (1) r =1
r 1
 x1/ 3  (3  2x )1/ 4
 , x 1
Hence, f(x) =  x2  x
 k, x 1
Clearly, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
x1/ 3  (3  2x )1/ 4
 k=
x2  x
(1  h )1 / 3  (1  2h )1 / 4
= Lim (putting x = 1 + h)
h 0 (1  h ) 2  (1  h )
1 1 5
= + =
3 2 6
5 
Hence, 6(k + p) = 6  1 = 11 ]
6 

 1 
P 3 
122.
P t3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x  = Lim 4  0
 
1
x0 x0
4
t 
et
e x

310
 Continuity & Differentiability

xn
(As we know, Lim  0, n  N )  xLim f ( x )  f ( 0)  0
x  ex 0

 1 
P 3 
tP(t 3 )
f '(0) = Lim  h1  = Lim = 0. Ans.
h 0 t  t4
4 e
he h

123. f1(x) = ax9 is an odd continuous function

f2(x) = b sin x is an odd continuous function

cx 2 , x  0

f3(x) = cx2 sgn (x) = 0, 2 x  0 is an odd continuous function
 cx , x  0


d (e x  e  x )
f4 (x) =
(e x  e x )

(e  x  e  x )
f4(– x) =  x x  f 4 ( x )
(e  e )
 f4(x) is odd function and continuous  x  R ( denominator is never zero).
 f(x) will be an odd continuous  f(– x) = – f(x)
 f(5) = – 5 and f(2) = + 3, f(0) = 0
If a > 0, then when x  – , f(x)  –  and when x  +  f(x)  + 

y
5

–2
x
–5 O 2 5

–3

–5

Clearly, f(x) = 0 will have minimum five roots. Ans.

311
 Continuity & Differentiability

124.  Graph of y = g (x) is reflection ofgraph of y = f (x) with respect to line y = x.

g (x) is inverse function of f (x)
 (a, b) lies on y = f (x)
f (a) = b
gf (x )  = x  g ' f ( x ) f ' (x) = 1
1 1
 g ' f ( x ) = f ' ( x )  g' f ()  
f ' ( )
1
 g ' (b) =
3
1 670
g=  = 2010 Ans.
3 

125. f(–5) = 2, f(20) = f(4) = 3, f(–10) = 1, f(17) = – 2

 Given expression = tan–1tan {2 + 3 + 0 – 2} = 3 – . Ans.

Paragraph for Question Nos. 126 to 128

f (x  h )  f (x)
126.  f '(x) = Lim
h 0 h
f (h )  1
= f(x) Lim
h 0 ... (1)
h
putting x = 0, y = 1 in given functional relation.
f(1) = f(0) · f(1)  f(0) = 1
f ( h )  f ( 0)
 f '(x) = f(x) Lim
h 0 = f '(x) · f(x)
h
f ' (x)
 = f '(0)  ln f(x) = f '(0) x + c
f (x)
 x = 0, f(0) = 1  c=0
 ln f(x) = f '(0)x  f(x) = ef '(0)·x
putting x = 1
1
 e f '(0 )
3
x
1
 f(x) =  
3

Let S = Lim
n  {f(x) + 2f(x + 1) + 3f(x + 2) ........ (n + 1) f(x + n)}

x x 1 x 2
1 1 1
=   + 2  + 3  ......  terms ... (2)
3  3 3

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 Continuity & Differentiability

x 1 x 2
S 1 1
=   2  ........ (3)
3  3 3
(2) – (3),
x

x x 1 x 2  
2S  1   1  1 3 3f ( x )
=     +  ....... = =
3  3  3 3 1 2
1
3
9f ( x )
 S=
4
1 1
 x x  x x
127. Lim   1   3x  = Lim 3   1   1 = 3 = f(– 1)
x    x   9  
 3    

1
x 1 / 3x
 
f0 (x) 3 f1 (x ) 1  a 0 1 / 3x 3 x
128. f1(x) = 1  a f ( x ) = x ; f2(x) = 1  a f ( x ) = =
0 0 1 1 1  1 / 3x  1  (a 0  a1 )3 x
1 a0   1  a1  
3  1  a 1 / 3x 
 0 

3 x
 fn(x) =
1  (a 0  a1 ..... a n 1 )3 x
n ·1
  = a0 + a1 + ....... + an–1 =  ar
r 0
129.
(A) If f(0) = 0 or f(1) = 1, the root is 0 or 1
If f(0) > 1 and f(1) < 1, then g(x) = f(x) – x3 satifies, g(0) > 0, g(1) < 1
Hence by intermediate value theorem
g(x) = 0 has at least one root.
(B) If f '(a) = f ' (b) = 0 and f() = f() = 0 where a <  <  < b, then by Rolle's theorem f '(x) vanishes
between  and  contradicting the fact that a and b are two consecutive roots of f '(x) = 0.

(C)

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0, 1, 2

(D) x = 2 – x  x = 1.
f(x) is continuous only at x = 1.

313
 Continuity & Differentiability

Paragraph for Quesrtion no. 130 to 133

 2  x 2 in [  2 , 1]

130. f (x) = x 2 3 in [1,1]

2  x 2 in [1, 2 ]

f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0, ± 1

131. The range of f (x) is [0, 1]

x 2 3 in [  2 ,1]

132. g (x) =  2  x 2 in [1,1]
x 2 3 in [1, 2 ]

y = f (x) is the continuous curve
y = g (x) is the curve
g (x) is not differentiable at x = ± 1

133. the range is [1, 2]

134.  f (x) is differentiable in (0, )

hence Lim
x 
f ( x ) must exist and is finite
 y = f (x) must have a horizontal asymptote
as x  then only Lim
x 
f ( x ) will exist
1
If f (x) has an inclined asymptotes as y = x  then Lim f ( x ) 
x x 
 f (x) has a horizontal asymptote
hence Lim f ' ( x ) 
x 
 (C) (also see figure for f (x) = tan–1x)
e.g. Take the example given
1
(i) Let f (x) = x sin which is differentiable in (0, )
x
1 1 1
f ' (x) = sin  cos
x x x

 1  1 1 1
f (x) + f ' (x) =  x sin    sin  cos 
 x x x
x
Lim 1 Lim 0
x  x 

314
 Continuity & Differentiability

hence Lim f ( x )  L and Lim f ' ( x )  0 Ans.

x  x 

(ii) f (x) = tan–1x in (0, ) ]

3
7–x 3
3 x –1
x –1 for x < 0 –2 2
1
f(x) =  (| x  2 |  | x  2 |) for 0  x  2
135. [Sol. 4
= –1 1
 (| x  2 |  | x  2 |)
3
7–x for x > 2 4

f(x) is cont. every where but non-derivable at x= 2 only.

 p = 0 and q =1

Paragraph for question no. 136 to 138

 r    
n sin   x     x  (r  1)  
 6  6 
SOl : We have f1(x) = 2     r 
r 1
cos  x  (r  1)  ·cos  x  
 6  6

      2       3   2  
= 2 · tan  x    tan x    tan  x    tan x      tan  x    tan  x   
  6    6   6    6   6 

  n     
 ................   tan  x    tan  x  (n  1)  
  6   6  

  n  
 f1(x) = 2 ·  tan  x    tan x 
  6  
    1
for n = 3, f1(x) = 2  tan  x   tan x  = 2  cot x  tan x  = – 2
 2   sin x cos x

 n 
Now 2 f2(x) = f1(x) – 2 · tan  x  
 6 

 n   n 
= 2 tan  x   – 2 tan x – 2 tan  x  
 6   6 
 f2(x) = – tan x  f3(x) = – f2(x), so

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 Continuity & Differentiability

f3(x) = tan x

 e( e x 1) 1
 2·(e x 1)
e ; x0
Now f 4 ( x )  k 1 ; x 0
 k2
1 | tan x | tan x ; x  0


1
lne
Clearly f (0¯) = e2  e
f (0+) = e k 2 & f (0)  k1
136. As f4(x) is continuous at x = 0, so by definition of continuity, we get
f (0¯ ) = f (0+) = f (0)
 e = e k 2 = k1
1
 k1  e & k2 =
2

137. As y = f3(x) = tan x

clearly f3(x) is continuous as well as derivable everywhere in 0,  2 .

138. for n = 3,
f1(x) = – 4
 – 2(tan x + cot x) = – 4
sin x cos x
 
cos x sin x = 2
 1 = 2 sin x · cos x
  
 x=  0, 
4  2

1  2x   
139. f (1) = tan sin 1  = tan = 1
2 
2 1 x  4

 1 1 2 x   1 1  
f (1+) = Lim tan sin   

 Lim tan   2 tan 1 x  = tan    2 ·  
2  =
x 1 2  1  x   x 1
2  2 4 


= tan =1
4
1
f (1–) = Lim  cos (2 x  3)  
x 1

Here, – 1  2x – 3  1  2  2x  4
 1x2
It is clear that cos–1(2x – 3) is not defined.

316
 Continuity & Differentiability

for 0  x < 1, therefore  = 0.

f (1–) = xLim
1
(0   ) = 

since, f is continuous in [0, )

 =1
Hence,  +  = 0 + 1 = 1 Ans.

140. f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y)

f (x  h)  f (x) f ( x )  f (h)  f ( x )
f ' (x) = Lim = Lim
h 0 h h 0 h
f (0  h )  f (0 )
= Lim (as f (0) = 0)
h 0 h
f ' (x) = f ' (0)
 f (x) = f ' (0)x + C
if x = 0 ; f (0) = 0  C=0
hence f (x) = f ' (0)x
f (kx) = f ' (0) kx = kf (x) { as f ' (0) x = f (x) }
Hence f (kx) = kf (x). ]

141. put x  x + h and y  h

f (x) · f (h) = f (x + h)
f (x  h )  f ( x ) f ( x )[f ( h )  1]
 f ' (x) = Lim = Lim (x=0, y=0; f (0)=0 not possible, f (0)=1)
h 0 h h 0 h
f ' (x) = f (x) · f ' (0)
 f ' (5) = f (5) · f ' (0)
q
q = f (5) – p  f (5) = Ans.
p

142. As g (x) is a continuous function, so

Lim g (2  h ) = Lim g (2  h ) = g (2) ........(1)
h 0 h 0
Also f (x) is differentiable at x = 2,
so f ' (2+) = f ' (2– ).
e 2h (2  h )  2 g (2  h )  sin( 2  h )  0  sin 2
Now, f ' (2–) = Lim
h 0 h

4h  h
2 h 2 cos  sin  
= Lim e h g(2)   2   2  = – e2g(2) + cos 2 .......(2)
h 0 h h
(Using equation (1))
e 2 h (2  h )  2 g (2  h )  sin( 2  h )  0  sin 2
And f ' (2+) = Lim
h 0 h

317
 Continuity & Differentiability

4h  h
2 h 2 cos  sin  
e h g ( 2)  2   2
= Lim 
h 0 h h
= e2g(2) + cos 2 ......(3)
(Using equation (1))
As f ' (2+) = f ' (2– )
 – e2 g(2) + cos 2 = e2 g (2) + cos 2
Hence g (2) = 0
  3 3 3
143. J
A   sin A  1 and  sin 3 A  1
3 2 2 8
3 3
0 < sin A – sin A < 1 and sin A + sin A > 1
 2
f ( x )  ax , x Q
 5 x  b , x Q

 f(x) is continuous at x = 2 and 3.
 ax2 = 5x – b should have roots 2 and 3  ax2 – 5x + b = 0
5 b
  5  a = 1 and 6 b=6
a a
 b – a = 5. Ans.

144.

(A) 
Lt f  x
LL=Lim
x a
xa
    1
g x 

L L eke where Lt f f x x  1g. gx x  

wherek k Lt
Lim
xx
aa

Lim    tan x  sin x 

L L eke where
 wherek k LtLt
x 0  
 0 1  sin x  sin x
 

  1 
   cos x  1 
Lim
Lt0 
= x    2
0
 1  sin x 
 

L  e 2  ae b  a  1, b  2

  e1/ x  1
2

  2 

  1/ x   1 b 1
(B) Lim
Lt     2  ae  a  2 , b  0
1
x
00 2 tan

1

1 / x2  

 
1 / x2  


318
 Continuity & Differentiability

 1
Here,  tan 1  x2   cot 1  x 2   tan 1  2 
2 x 

 1x log 1 x 
(C) LL=Lim  e  e 
Lt 
x 00  x 
 

x 2 x3 x 4
where log 1  x   x     ....
2 3 4

 L  Lt   e
L = Lim


 2 3
e  x/ 2 x /3 x /4 .....  1  1 x x2 
     ....

x 00   x / 2  x2 / 3  x3 / 4  ...  2 3 4
  
 
1
 L    e 1 / 2  e / 2  aeb  a  , b  1
2
1/ 
(D) Required limit = Lim
Lt
0
 sin 
0
 cos    1 form

sin   cos   1  0
e ek where LtLt 
wherek kLim  0 form
form
00
 
 cos   sin  
= Lim
Lt
0   1
0  1 
 L  e  ae b where a  1, b  1

145. Clearly f(x) is continuous everywhere

y
e e
but non-derivable at 3 points viz. x  , e, . (0,)
2 2 y=e–x
Now verify alternatives from graph. (0,e) y=x–e

  e
Also, Range of f(x) is   , x
2 
O (e,0)
(–,0) x = e –2   + e (,0)
 y=x+
(0,0) x= y= – x
2
Graph of y = f (x)
1
h p sin  h (tan h )q
146. f '(0+) = Lim h
h0 h

p 1 1
= Lim h sin  h (tan h )q
h 0 h
For this limit to exist p – 1 > 0 and q  N
 p  2 and q  N
again

319
 Continuity & Differentiability

1
 h p sin  h (tan h )q
f '(0–) = Lim h
h 0 h
1
Lim h p  1 sin
 (tan h )q
h 0 h
Which is same hence B, C, D. Ans.

1
 f (x  h )  h
147. Lim   = e(tan x) f (– x) (Given)
h0  f ( x ) 

1  f ( x h )  f ( x ) 
Lim  
h 0 h  f ( x)  = e(tan x) f (– x)
e
f '( x )
f (x ) = e(tan x) f (– x)
e
f ' (x )
 = (tan x) f (– x)
f (x)
f ' (0)
Put x = 0  =0
f (0)
 f ' (0) = 0
 f ' (0) = 0 Ans.

148. Given that g – 1(x) = f(x)  x  gf ( x )   1  g ' f ( x ) f ' ( x )

1
g' f ( x )  =
f ' (x)
 f ' ' (x )
 g'' f ( x )  f '(x) =
f ' (x )2
 f ' ' (x)
 g'' f ( x )  =
f ' ( x) 3

149. As g(x) is continuous at x = , so
2
2
  1  2x  
g  = Lim    (exact 1)  1
 2  x    1  [sin x ] 
2

p2 – 1 = 1  p2 = 2  p = ± 2 . Ans.

320
 Continuity & Differentiability

 x2
 ,  x 1
150. We have, g(x) =  2
 2 x 2  3x  3 ,  x  1
 2
 g(x) is continuous  x  R.

 3 1
 2(1  h ) 2  3(1  h )   
 g (1  h )  g(1)  2 2
Now, g '(1–) = Lim   = Lim 
h0 h  h0 h 
 
 

2(1  h 2
 2 h )  3  h  1 2h 2  h
= Lim = Lim = Lim 1  2h  = 1
h0 h h0 h h0

g (1  h )  g (1)
and g ' (1+) = Lim
h 0 h

(1  h ) 2 1
 2
= Lim 2 2 = Lim 1  h  2h  1 = Lim 1  h   1
 
h0 h h 0 2h h0 2
Hence, g '(1) = 1  g(x) is continuous and differentiable  x  R.
So, L = 0, M = 0
Hence, L + M = 0 + 0 = 0. Ans.

 1  x x 
151. Lim x     
x   e  x  1  
 
1
Let x =
t
ln (1 t )
1t
1 1  1   1 Lim (1  t )  e
1t
1 e t e
Lim    
 t 0 t  e 1 t   = e t 0 t ·(1  t )1 t = e 2 Lim
t 0 t
 
ln (1 t )
1
1 e t 1  ln (1  t ) 
= Lim ·  1
e t 0  ln (1  t )   t 
  1
 t 

1 ln (1  t )  t 1
= Lim 2 = . Ans.
e t 0 t 2e

321
 Continuity & Differentiability

 k k 
152. Lim    =2
x  1  ln x x  1 
Put x = 1 + h
k (h  ln (1  h )
Lim
h 0 h ln (1  h ) = 2

 
 h2 
k h   h   ....... 
  2   = 2
Lim  2
h 0 h
k
 = 2.  k = 4
2

0 ; x0

153. k(x) = 1 sgn x = 1 ; x0
2 ; x0
So, k(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. Ans.

154. Let P(x) = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D

So, P '(x) = 3Ax2 + 2Bx + C
Now, putting above result in P(x) – 2P '(x) = 3x3 – 27x2 + 38 x + 1,
We have
A = 3, B = – 9, C = 2, D = 5.
 P(x) = (3x3 – 9x2 + 2x + 5)
P'(x) = 9x2 – 18x + 2
P"(x) = 18x – 18

 
3x; x
2
So, f(x) =  1 
sin (ab)  cos1(a  b  3ab); x
 2


As, f(x) is continuous at x = , so
2
3
2
 
= sin 1 ab   cos 1 a  b  3ab 
 ab = 1 and a + b – 3ab = – 1.
 a = 1, b = 1
Hence (a + b) = 2. Ans.

155. f '(x) is continuous

 f(x) must be differentiable.
 f(x) must be continuous at x = 0.

322
 Continuity & Differentiability

 f(0) = xLim
 0
f (x)

 1
= Lim x · sin    0 , if  > 0 .......(1)
x0 x
Also,
1 1
f '(x) =  x – 1 sin   – x – 2 cos
x x
So, f '(x) exist at x = 0,
if >2 ........(2)
 (1)  (2)
   (2, ). Ans.

Paragraph for Question no.156 to 158

156. x3 + 2x2 = x2 (x + 2) therefore f (x) is differentiable at

x = 0 if x2 is a factor of (–x3 + 2x2 + ax)
 a=0

157. f (0) = f (–2)  many one function

x 3  2x 2  p
 atleast one of the equation have solution  p  R
 x 3  2x 2  p 
 onto function.

158. Domain of f '(x) is a singlton set {0}.

 limit does not exist. ]


1, | x| 1
 1
x 2 n  2 sin x 2 n
159. f(x) = Lim =  , 0 | x | 1
n  x 2n  2 sin x 2n  3
12sin1 , | x|1
22sin1

 number of points of discontinuity = 2.

1, | x | 1

(a) g(x) = sgn (x2
– 1) =  1, | x | 1
0, | x | 1
 number of points of non-differentiability = 2
2 tan1 x, 1  x  1
2x  1
(b) h(x) = sin-1 =   2 tan x, x  1
1 x2 
   2 tan1 x, x  1


323
 Continuity & Differentiability

clearly h(x) is non-differentiable at x = 1, – 1.

 h(x) is non differentiable at two points.
 1  x 2  2 tan 1 x , x  0
cos–1  
(c) k(x) =  1  x 2  =  2 tan 1 x, x  0
  
 k(x) is non differentiable at only one point.
1, | x | 1

(d) (x) = sgn(|x| – 1) =  1, | x | 1
0, | x | 1
 function (x) is non differentiable at x = 1, – 1.
 (x) is non differentiable at two points. ]

Paragraph for question nos. 160 to 162

We have, x = 5t – |t – 2|, y = –3t + 2|t – 1|  t  R
Case-I: –  < t < 1
x2
Now, x = 5t + (t – 2) = 6t – 2  t =
6
5  5x  2
and y = –3t – 2(t – 1) = –5t + 2  y = (x + 2) + 2 =
6 6
x2
As t<1  <1  x<4
6
Case-II: 1  t < 2
x2
Now, x = 5t + (t – 2) = 6t – 2  t = and y = – 3t + 2(t – 1) = – t – 2
6
( x  2)  x  14
 y=– –2=
6 6
x2
As 1t<2  1 < 2  4  x < 10
6
Case-III: t  2
 x2
Now, x = 5t – (t – 2) = 4t + 2  t =  
 4 
 x2 x 6
and y = –3t + 2 (t – 1) = –t – 2  y = –  –2=
 4  4
x2
As t2  2  x  10
4

  5x  2
 6 ;   x  4
  14  x
 y = f(x) =  ; 4  x  10
 6
  x  6 ; 10  x  
 4

324
 Continuity & Differentiability
y

2
y= –5x + 2 y=x –1
B 6

x=4 x=10
x’ x
 y= –14x + 2
(0, –1) A 6

(4, –3)

(10, –4)
y= –x – 6
4

y’
Graph of function y = f(x)

160. Clearly, from above graph,

f(x) is continuous everywhere on R but not derivable at x = 4 and x = 10.
5
161. Clearly, f '() = .
6

162. Clearly, from above graph, function f(x) intersects line y = 2 at exactly one point.
So, f(x) = 2 has exactly one solution. Ans.

2
e 1 / h sin 1 / h 
163. [Sol. f ' (0) = nlim
0
h
2
e 1 / h
lim put h = 1/t
h 0 h
2
e t t 
= lim = tlim  
 t 2   
t  1 / t e

t 1 / h 2
= lim 2
 0  lim e. sin 1 / h
 0 × (a quantity oscillating between 1 & –1) = 0
t  2 tet t 0 h
hence function f (x) is differentiable at x = 0

325
 AOD
Questions
 x2 
1. Let m and n be number of integers in the domain and range of f(x) = 16  x 2 + cos   , then find
–1

 16 
the value of m + n.

2. Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that P(x) + 2 is divisible by (x – 2)2 and P(x) – 2 is divisible
a
by (x + 2)2. If the value of P(–3) is equal to . (where a, b  N) then find the minimum value of (a – b).
b

Paragraph for Question Nos. 3 to 5

If f(x) = x2 – 2|x|
g(x) = minimum { f(t) : –2  t  x, –2  x < 0}
maximum { f(t) : 0  t  x, 0  x  3} then

3. The function y =|f(x)| is differentiable for

(A) x R (B) x R - {0} (C) x R –{0,2} (D) None of these

4. Number of values of x in [–2, 3] where g(x) is non-derivable is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
5.  0 fog(x) dx is equal to
33
(A) 0 (B) (C) 21 (D) None of these
2
6. Let f (x) = c1e2x + c2e5x satisfies the relation f '' (x) + a f ' (x) + b f (x) = 0 for any real number c1, c2. Find
the value of (a2 + b2).

7. If f(x) = ln(lnx) where x > e

1 1
Prove that < f(m + 1) – f(m) < for m > e.
(m  1)ln(m  1) m  ln ( m )

8. If minimum value of f(x) = x2 ln x is p, then the value of ln |2p| is equal to

1 1
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) (D)
2e 2
 
9. If the function f(x) = 2 tan x + (2a + 1) ln |sec x| + (a – 2)x is increasing in  0,  then range of 'a' is
 2
equal to
(A) (– , 0] (B) [0, 1] (C) [0, 3] (D) [0, )

326
 AOD

10. Suppose that f(x) is defined and positive for all real numbers x. If f (x) increases for x < 0 and
1
decreases for all x > 0, and if g(x) = , then find the intervals of mononocity..
1
f 
x

11. Find all possible values of 'a' for which f (x) = loga(4ax – x2) is monotonically increasing for every
3 
x    , 2 .
2 

12. If equation of tangent drawn to the curve y = f(x) at its point P(3, 5) is 5x – 4y + 5 = 0 and
2

Lim
3 4f ( x )

 2(1  3  32  .......  319 )  1
= 2 (a 3b ln c) 2
x 3 1  cosln (4  x ) 
where a and c are prime numbers and b  N, then find the value of (a + b + c).
 1
13. The normal at the point P  2,  on the curve xy = 1, meets the curve again at Q. If m is the slope
 2
of the curve at Q, then find | m |.
2
14. Find the number of solutions satisfying the equation x  sin x cos x x (1  sin x )  0 .
x  cos x x 1

15. Let a, b, c be 3 real numbers a < b < c and f(x) is continuous in [a, c] and differenitable in (a, b).
Also f " (x) > 0 in (a, c) prove that (c – b) . f(a) + (b – a) f(c) > (c – a) f(b)

16. If the exhaustive set of all possible values of c such that f(x) = e2x – (c + 1) ex + 2x + cos 2 + sin 1, is
monotonically increasing for all x  R, is (–], then find the value of .
1
x
17. A function f (x) which satisfies the relation f (x) = ex + e f ( t ) dt , then
0
(A) f (0) < 0 (B) f (x) is decreasing function
1
(C) f (x) is an increasing function (D)  f ( x ) dx > 0
0

x  a 2
18. If the curves y  and y = ex touches each other then find the sum of the squares of all possible
4
values of a.
2x
t n
19. Let an (n  1) be the value of x for which e dt (x > 0) is maximum.
x

327
 AOD

If L = Lim ln (a n ) then find the value of e– L.

n

20. If f '' (x) > 0 ,  x  R , f ' (3) = 0


and g(x) = f (tan2 x – 2 tan x + 4) 0  x  then g(x) is increasing in
2
     
(A)  0,  (B)  0,  (C)  0,  (D) None of these
 3  6  4

21. If the point P(a, b) lies on the curve 9y2 = x3 such that the normal to the curve at P makes equal intercepts
with the axes. Find the value of (a + 3b).
dy
[Hint : Normal makes equal intercept at P  1 ]
dx P

x
22. Let f : R R be a continuous function and let g(x) = f ( x )  f ( t ) dt x  R. If g(x)  0,  x and
0

g(0) = 0, then the value of f{g(ln 5)} + g{f (ln 5)} is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 5 (D) 10
x b 
23. Let f be a continuous function on [a, b]. If F (x) =   f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt  2x  (a  b) then there exist

a x 
some c  (a, b) such that
c b c b
(A)  f ( t ) dt =  f ( t ) dt (B)  f ( t ) dt –  f ( t ) dt = f (c)(a + b – 2c)
a c a c

c b c b
(C)  f ( t ) dt –  f ( t ) dt = f (c) 2c  (a  b) (D)  f ( t ) dt +  f ( t ) dt = f (c) 2c  (a  b)
a c a c

Paragraph for question nos. 24 to 26

Let
max.{t 3  t 2  t  1,0  t  x}, 0  x  1
f(x) = 
min. {3  t ,1 t  x} 1 x  2

 max .{3 t 4  12 t 3  23 t 2  1,0  t  x}, 0  x  1

8
and g(x) =  3 1 2 5
min . {8 t  32 sin  t  8 , 1 t  x} 1 x  2

328
 AOD

24. The function f(x),  x  [0, 2] is

(A) continuous and differentiable (B) continuous but not differentiable
(C) discontinuous and not differentiable (D) none

25. Which of the following is true?

(A) Lim fog(x) > xLim

1
gof(x) (B) Lim fog(x) < xLim
1
gof(x)
x  1¯ x  1¯

(C) Lim fog(x) = xLim

1
gof(x) (D) none of these
x  1¯

d d
26. Let Z(x) =
dx
 
f ( x ) g ( x ) and Y(x) =
dx
 
g( x ) f ( x ) then Z(x) and Y(x) vanish simultaneously at

1
(A) x = – (B) x=0
3
(C) x = 1 (D) No real value of x

27. Column-I Column-II

(A) If f : [0, 1]  [0, 1] is continuous, then the number of roots (P) one
of the equation f(x) = x3 is
(B) If f is derivable, then between the consecutive roots of (Q) at least one
f '(x) = 0, the number of roots of f(x) = 0 is
(C) The number of values of x at which f(x)= |1 – |x–1|| is not (R) at most one
differentiable is (S) more than one

28. Let f (x) = (1 + x2) ex. If n1 and n2 are the number of roots of the equation (1 + x2) ex = k according
as k > 0 or k  0 then
(A) n1 + n2 = 2 (B) n1 – n2 = 1 (C) n1 > n2 (D) n1 = n2

29. If f(x) is a thrice differentiable function and given that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 8, f(3) = 27, f(4) = 64, then
(A) f "(x) = f "'(x) = 6  x  (1, 4)
(B) f '(x) = f "(x) = f "'(x) = 6 from some x  (1, 4)
(C) f "'(x) = 6  x  (1, 4)
(D) f '"(x) = 6, for some x  (1, 4)

30. The cost of fuel in running an engine is proportional to the square of the speed and is Rs. 48 per hour for
a speed of 16 km/hr. Other costs amounts to Rs. 300 per hour. The most economical speed (in km/hr),
is
(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 24

31. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c where | f (x) |   x  [0, 1]. The maximum value of | a | + | b | + | c |, is
(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 17 (D) None

32. Find the sum of all integral values of a such that a(x2 + x – 1)  (x2 + x + 1)2  x  R.

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33. If f is a continuous function defined for all real numbers x and if the maximum value of f(x) is 5 and the
minimum value of f(x) is – 7, then which of the following must be true?
(i) The maximum value of f(| x |) is 5.
(ii) The maximum value of | f(x) | is 7.
(iii) The minimum value of f(| x |) is 0.
(A) (i) only (B) (ii) only (C) (i) & (ii) only (D) (ii) & (iii) only
Paragraph for question nos. 34 to 36

1
Let f (x) =  (12x  20y) f ( y)  8xy dy
0
34. The maximum value of f (x) is
1 1
(A) 8 (B) (C) 4 (D)
8 4
35. The number of solution of the equation f | x | = 2 is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8

36. The range of f (–2x) is

 1 1 
(A) (–, 0) (B) (0, ) (C)   ,  (D) 4 ,
 8  
41x 3
37. A line is tangent to the curve f (x) = at the point P in the first quadrant, and has a slope of 2009. This
3
line intersects the y-axis at (0, b). Find the value of 'b'.

38. A curve is given by the equations x = at2 & y = at3. A variable pair of perpendicular lines through the origin
'O' meet the curve at P & Q. Show that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at P & Q is
4y2 = 3ax  a2.

39. A straight line is drawn through the o rigin and parallel to the tangent to a curve
 a  a2  y2 
x  a 2  y2
= ln  
a y  at an arbitary point M. Show that the locus of the point P of intersection
 
of the straight line through the origin & the straight line parallel to the x-axis & passing through the point M
is x2 + y2 = a2.

40. If the tangent at the point (x1, y1) to the curve x3 + y3 = a3 (a  0) meets the curve again in (x2, y2) then
x y
show that 2  2 =  1.
x1 y1

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41. For all x  (0, 1)

(A) ex < 1 + x (B) loge(1 + x) < x (C) sin x > x (D) loge x > x

42. Let f (x) =  ex (x  1) (x  2) d x then f decreases in the interval

(A) ( , 2) (B) ( 2,  1) (C) (1, 2) (D) (2, + )

Paragraph for question nos. 43 to 45

2
Let f be a differentiable function on R such that f '(x) = f(x) +  f ( x ) dx , f(0) = 1
0
43. Number of points of intersection of the graph of y = f(x) with x-axis is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 
 4  e 2 f ( x )  e 2  1, x  0
44. Let g : R  R be a function defined as g(x) =  then g(x) is
 x, x0
(A) one one into function (B) one one onto function
(C) many one onto function (D) many one into function

45. The number of points of intersection of graph y = g(x) and y = x3, is

(where g(x) is function as in above question)
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
 x2 
46. Let f '' (x) > 0  x  R and g (x) = 2 f   + f (6 – x2). Then
 2 
(A) g attains maximum at x = ± 1. (B) g attains minimum at x = ± 1.
(C) g attains maximum at x = 0. (D) g attains minimum at x = ± 2.
 x 3  x 2  10 x  5 , x  1
47. The number of integral values of 'a' for which the function f (x) =  2
  2x  log 2 ( a  2) , x  1
has the greatest value at x = 1, is
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20
x
48. Let f : [0, )  R be a continuous strictly increasing function such that f 4(x) = t f
2 3
( t ) dt .
0

1
If f (0) = , then the value of f(3) is
4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

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49. Find all the lines that pass through the point (1, 1) and are tangent to the curve represented parametrically
as x = 2t – t2 and y = t + t2.

50. Let x (t) = cos3t and y (t) = sin2t defines a curve where t is a parameter. This curve passes through the
1 3   p
point  ,  at some t = t0   0,  . If the absolute value of the slope of the curve at that point is
8 4  2 q
(where p and q are in their lowest form). Find (p + q)
1 1
51. Find sum of the intercepts of the tangent at any point to the curve x 2  y 2 = 20, on the coordinate
axes.

52. For constant number 'a', consider the function f (x) = ax + cos 2x + sin x + cos x on R
(the set of real numbers) such that f (u) < f (v) for u < v. If the range of 'a' for any real numbers
m 
u, v is  ,   , then find the minimum value of (m + n).
n 
Paragraph for question nos. 53 to 56
Consider the function f (x) = | sin x | + [sin x], x  [– , ], where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
53. The number of discontinuities of f (x) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

54. The number of solutions of the equation f (x ) 2 = 1 is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

55. The number of points of maxima of f (x) is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

2
56.  f ( x) dx equals
 2

 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1+ (D) 2
2 2
Paragraph for question nos. 57 to 59
If a continuous function f defined on the real line R, assumes positive and negative values in R then the
equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R. For example, if it is known that a continuous function f on R is positive
at some point and its minimum value is negative then the equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R.
Consider f (x) = | ln x | – px, where p is a real constant.
57. The line y = px meets the curve y = | ln x | for p 1 at
(A) no point (B) one point (C) two point (D) three point

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58. The number of values of p for which f (x) = 0 has exactly one real root is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Infinite

59. The value of p for which | ln x | – px = 0 has two distinct real roots is
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) e (D) 0
e
 a 2 1
60. If f(x) =   x3 + (a - 1) x2 + 2x + 1 is monotonic increasing for every x  R then find the range of

 3 
values of ‘a’.
x2  9 2
61. Construct the graph of the function f (x) =  x and comment upon the following
x 3 x 1
(a) Range of the function,
(b) Intervals of monotonocity,
(c) Point(s) where f is continuous but not diffrentiable,
(d) Point(s) where f fails to be continuous and nature of discontinuity.
(e) Gradient of the curve where f crosses the axis of y.

62. Find the difference between the global maximum and global minimum values of the function
f (x) = 1 + 12 | x | – 3x2 defined on [– 2, 5].

63. If 9 + f ''(x) + f '(x) = x2 + f 2 (x), where f(x) is twice differentiable function such that
f ''(x)1 0"x Î R and let P be the point of maxima of f(x) then find the number of tangents
which can be drawn from P to the circle x2 + y2 = 9.

Paragraph for question nos.64 to 66

If y = f (x) differentiable  x  R – {0} and y = g (x) differentiable  x  R – {0} are two
curves such that they pass through (1, 1) and (2, 3) respectively. Also tangents to the two curves where
their abscissa are same intersect on y-axis and normals to the curves at the point where their abscissa are
equal intersect on x-axis.

64. The curve f (x) is

2 2 1 2
(A) x (B) 2x  (C) x (D) none of these
x x x2
65. The curve g(x) is
1 2 2 1
(A) x  (B) x  (C) x  2 (D) none of these
x x x
66. The number of positive integral solutions of f(x) = g(x) are
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) none of these

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Paragraph for question nos. 67 to 69

Consider the function y = ax4 – bx3
67. If out of the points (0,0) and (3,–27) one is point of inflection and one the point of local minima then the
other point of inflection will have the x-co-ordinate as 'c' then a + b + c has the value.
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

68. If the function y = cx3 – (b–a)2 Kx2 + b (c + a) K2 x + a has local minimum at x = x1 and local maximum
at x = x2 such that x1 = x22 (x1 , x2 are distinct) then K equals.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) none

dx
69.  bc b c
(x  a) a  b  c ( x  b) b  c
a 

1/ 7 1/ 7
7 x4 7  x 1 
(A)   +C (B)   +C
5  x 1  5 x4
1/ 7 1/ 7
5  x 1  5 x4
(C)   +C (D)   +C
7 x4 7  x 1 

Paragraph for question nos. 70 to 72

3 2
The function f(x) = ax  bx  cx  d has its non-zero local minimum and local maximum values at
– 2 and 2 respectively. Given 'a' is root of the equation x2 – x – 6 = 0.

70. The value of (a + b + c) is equal to

(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 22

71. The roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0

(A) are opposite in sign (B) are imaginary
(C) are both positive (D) are both negative.

72. The smallest positive integral value of d is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 32 (C) 33 (D) 34

73. Let y = 2x + c is tangent to the curve y = sin–1 x, then the possible values of c is
   
(A)  3 (B)  3 (C) –  3 (D) –  3
3 3 3 3

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74. If the function f(x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, where a > 0, attains its maximum and minimum value at p
and q respectively such that p2 = q, then find the value of a.

75. Let C1 be the graph of the curve represented by the equation x2 – 13x + 4y = 1. If C2 is the new curve
obtained when C1 is reflected in the origin, then the equation of C2 is
(A) x2 – 13x – 4y = 1 (B) x2 + 13x + 4y = 1
(C) x2 – 13x – 4y = –1 (D) x2 + 13x – 4y = 1
x3 1
76. Prove that the equation 2 = 5 has no root in [0, 2]
x 1
77. Let f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 – 12x – 4. If domain and range of f(x) is R– {a} and R respectively then the true
set of value of a is [m, n]. Find the value of 4(n – m), (where a, m, n  R).

78. Let P(x) be a polynomial function of degree n satisfying the equation

Px 2 3
· P"'(x) = P" x  P'(x)  x  R and f(x) is a polynomial of degree same as that of
P(x) . Also f '(0) = f '(1) = f '(– 1) = 0, f(0) = 4, f (1) = 3 = f (–1). If f(x) = k has four distinct real solution
then find the number of integral values of k.
 3 2
79. Let f(x) =  x  x  10 x 2 5; x  1.
  2x  log 2 (b  1); x  1
If f(x) has greatest value at x = 1, then the largest integral value of b is
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12
x
dt
80. Let f (x) =  . If g(x) is the inverse of f(x) then g'(0) has value equal to
2 x2  x  3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Paragraph for question nos. 81 to 83

f ' (h )  2
Let f be a cubic polynomial function such that f(x) + f(– x) = 0  x  R and Lim = 4 3.
1 1
h
3
h
3

 1 
81. The value of f '   equals
 6
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
x
5
82. If (x) = t
 e f x  1  t  dt  4 then '(1) equals
1

2 1
(A) (B) 2e (C) (D) e
e e

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b 16
83. If gof (x) = x  x  R and g(2) = a, g(16) = b then the value of  f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx equals
a 2
(A) 14 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 32

 x  y2  x y
84. Let x, y, k be real number such that 8k 2  2  2   4k    = 15. If the maximum value of k is M,
y x  y x
find 100M.
1  cos x
85. The maximum value of f(x) = is
1  cos x  cos2 x
1 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)
2 4

86. Which of the following are correct?

(A) x4 +2x2 – 6x + 2 = 0 has exactly two solutions
(B) x5 + 5x + 1 = 0 has exactly one solutions.
(C) xn + ax + b = 0 where n is an even natural number has atmost two solution a, b  R.
(D) x3 – 3x + c = 0, c > 0 does not have two solutions for x  (0, 1).
d 2y
87. For a certain curve = 6x  4 and y has a local minimum value 5 when x = 1. If the global maximum
dx 2
and minimum values of y in [0, 2] is M and m respectively, then find the value of M + m.

88. Let f(x) = sin–1x + cos–1x2 + sin–1x3 + cos–1x4 + ....... + sin–1x2n–1 + cos–1x2n
and g(x) = cos–1x + sin–1x2 + cos–1x3 + sin–1x4 + ........ + cos–1 x2n–1 + sin–1x2n.
where n  N
If sum of least value of f(x) and greatest value of g(x) be 2010 then the value of n will be

89. The complete set of non-zero values of k such that the equation | x2 – 10x + 9 | = kx is satisfied by
atleast one and atmost three values of x, is
(A) (– , – 16]  [4, ) (B) (– , – 16]  [16, )
(C) (– , – 4]  [4, ) (D) (– , 4]  [16, )

90. The coordinates of the two points on the curve y = x4 – 2x2 – x that have a common tangent line, can be
(A) (1, –2) (B) (0, 0) (C) (–1, 0) (D) (2, 1)
 
91. The range of real constant 't' such that (1 – t) sin + t tan  >  always holds     0,  is
 2
1  1 
(A) [1, ) (B)  ,   (C) 3 ,  (D) None
2   

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x 3
92. Let y = f(x) = 8t 3  mt 2  nt  dt . If the line y = x is tangent at infinity to the curve y = f(x) then
0  
which of the following is / are true?
(A) m = 6n (B) m2 + n2 = 148 (C) m + n = 14 (D) | m – n | = 10

93. If the tangent at a point P1 (other than (0,0)) on the curve ax3 – y + b = 0 meets the curve again at P2. The
tangent at P2 meets the curve at P3 and so on . If the abscissae of P1, P2, P3 .....Pn form a G.P. then (a, b)
may be
(A) (1, 0) (B) (2 , 7) (C) (3, 5) (D) (4, 9)

94. If f (x) = | x – e | + | x –  |e, then the number of values of x at which f ''' (x) does not exist is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

95. If the value of

2

 Min .  
x   , cos 1 (cos x ) dx is k2, then k is equal to
0

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 2 8
x x
96. Let f be a continuous function satisfying the equation x
 f ( t )dt   t f ( x  t )dt  e  1 .
0 0
Find the numbers of integers in the range of f(x) in the interval [–10, 10].

97. Let f be a real valued function defined on R (the set of real numbers) such that
f '(x) = 100 (x – 1) (x – 2)2 (x – 3)3 ............. (x – 100)100, for all x  R.
x x
f (t )
If g is a function defined on R such that e dt   g ( x  t )dt  2 x  3 and the sum of all the values of
a 0
x for which g (x) has a local extremum is 500, then find the value of .

98. Let f (x) & g (x) be differentiable for 0  x  1, such that f (0) = 2, g (0) = 0 , f (1) = 6. If there exist
a real number c in [0, 1] such that f  (c) = 2 g  (c) , then the value of g (1) must be :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1

99. Let f(x) = | | x2 – 4x + 3 | – 2 |. Which of the following is/are correct?

(A) f(x) = m has exactly two solutions of different sign  m > 2.
(B) f(x) = m has exactly two solutions  m (2, )  0.
(C) f(x) = m has no solutions  m 
(D) f(x) = m has four distinct solutions  m  (0, 1).

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2 3
100. If f (x) =  4  x  3    4  x  1 , then the maximum value of f (x), is
2 2
   
(A) 25 (B) 28 (C) 36 (D) 40
4
3
101. If c  [0, 1] then the minimum value of  sin x  c dx occurs when c is equal to
0

1 1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 4
x
102. Let f (x) = t
 3 (3
t
 4) ( x  t ) dt (x  0). If x = a is the point where f (x) attains its local minimum value
0
then find the value of 3a.

x2  1
103. f(x) = , for every real number x, then the minimum value of f
x2  1
(A) does not exist because f is unbounded (B) is not attained even though f is bounded
(C) is equal to 1 (D) is equal to  1.

Paragraph for Question no. 104 to 106

Let f and g be two functions defined as
| 2 x  3 |  | x  1 |, 1  x  0
f(x) = 
ln ({2x}  1), 0x2
and g(x) = 3 – 2f(3 – 2x).
[Note: {y} denotes the fractional part function of y.]

104. The number of integers in the range of f(x) is

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

105. The number of solution(s) of the equation 4x2 – 4x +1 – f(x) = 0 is(are)

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

106. The range of g(x) is

(A) [0, ln 2) È (2, 5] (B) [–10, – 4) È (–2ln 2, 0]
(C) [–7, – 1) È (3 – 2ln 2, 3] (D) [–5, – 2) È (–ln 2, 0]

107. If the range of all real values of b for which the function f(x) = (b2 – 3b + 2) (cos2 x – sin2 x) +
(b – 1) x + sin 2 does not possess any critical points on R is (b1, b2), then find the value of (b1 + b2).

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Paragraph for question nos. 108 to 110

Let f (x) = 2x3 – 6x2 – 18x + a , (a R) is cubic polynomial for all real value of x.
108. The interval of x in which f (x) is injective is
 9   14 
(A)  , 0 (B)  0,  (C) (– 1, 3) (D) [– 1, 4)
 7   3
109. The maximum value of 'a' for which f (x) has minimum value which is less than or equal to
– 40 in (0, 4) is
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 17

110. If g(x) = f '(x) and h(x) = | g( | x | ) | , then the number of points where h'(x) does not exist, is/are.
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Paragraph for questions nos. 111 to 113

2 ln (  x  1), e  1  x  2
1
 2

 4x ,  2 x  0
2
Let f(x) = 0, x0
1 2

2 x  4 ,  0x 2
2 ln x  1, 2  x  e 1

and graph of f(x) is as shown.
y
2

x
– e –1 –2 –1 O 1 2 e +1
–1
Graph of f(x)
–2

 min  f (t ) :  e  1  t  x ,  e  1  x  0

Also, g(x) = 
 max  f (t ) : 0  t  x , 0  x  e  1


339
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111. Which one of the following statement does not hold good?
(A) Range of g(x) is [0, 2]. (B) g(x) is non-monotonic in [–2, 2].
(C) g(x) is a continuous function. (D) g(x) is an odd function.

112. If x =  is the point of non-differentiability of g(x) in (– e – 1, e + 1) then the values of  is

(A) – 2, 1 (B) – 2, – 1 (C) – 2, 2 (D) – 2, 0

113. If the equation g(x) = k has exactly two distinct solutions in [– e – 1, e + 1] then the sum of all
possible integral values of k is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
x
114. The function f(x) =  t (et  1) (t  1) (t  2)3 (t  3)5dt has a local minimum at x =
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

115. Let
x

 t    
2
f(x) =  t  2 t 2  t  2 t 2  t  6 t 2  t  12 dt
2

for all x  R , then which of the following statements is (are) correct?

(A) The equation of normal to f(x) at x = –2 is x = –2
(B) f(x) increases in (–3, –2)  (–1, 2)  (3, 4)
(C) f(x) decreases in (––3) (–2, –1) (2, 3) (4, )
(D) The sum of values of x at which f(x) has local maximum equals –1
n
116. Let f (x) = cot x – tan x – 2 tan 2x – 4 tan 4x – 8 cot 8x, x  , n  I and g (x) = x3 + 6x – 1.
8
 n 
One more function h (x) is defined as h : R –  , n  I  R , h (x) = f (x) + g (x) then identify the
8 
correct statement(s).
  
(A) h ' '   =
 24  4
(B) h (x) is odd function
(C) h (x) is increasing in the domain.
(D) If the equation h (x) =  has a solution in (0, 3) then number of integral values of  is 7.
50
117. Suppose f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c satisfies f (–2) = – 10 and takes the extreme value
27
2
at x = . Find (a + b + c).
3

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1a
118. For a > 0, find the minimum value of the integral 3
 (a  4 x  a 5 x 2 )e ax dx .
0

119. If the maximum area of the region enclosed by the curves y = | x | e | x | and the line y = a (0  a  e) in
x  [–1, 1] is A, then find the value of [A].
[Note: [k] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal to k. ]

120. If the acute angle between the tangents drawn from (0, 1) to the graph of f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x
m
is tan 1   , where m and n are co-prime natural number. Find the value of (m + n).
n
Paragraph for question nos. 121 to 123

Let f (x) = e(p +1)x – ex for real number p > 0.

121. The value of x = sp for which f (x) is minimum, is
ln ( p  1)  p 1 
(A) – (B) – ln(p + 1) (C) – ln p (D) ln  
p  p 
t 1
122. Let g (t) =
tx
 f ( x )e dx . The value of t = tp, for which g (t) is minimum is
t

 ep 1  1  ep 1 
(A) – ln  
 (B) – ln  
 p  p  p 

1  ( p  1)(e p  1) 
(C) – ln 
p  p 

(D) 
– ln (p  1)( e p  1) 
p
123. Use the fact that 1  p  e  1  1  p  p 2 (0 < p  1) , the value of Lim (s p  t p ) is
2 p 2 p 0

1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) non existent
2

124. If the line y = ax and the curve y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x intersects at the point other than origin then the range
of a is
 1 1   1    1
(A)   ,  (B)  ,   (C)  4 ,   (D)   , 
 4 4   4

x2
sin 
125. Consider a function f(x) =  2
d then which of the following is(are) correct?
2 1  cos 
4
(A) f(x) has a local minima at x = 2. (B) f(x) has a local maxima at x = 
(C) f(x) has a local minima at x = 0 (D) f(x) has a local maxima at x = –

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x2 1
126. For the function f(x) = which of the following hold(s) good?
x 1
(A) f has a local maxima but no local minima.
(B) f has 2 asymptotes
(C) There are exactly two integral values which are not in the range of the function.
(D) f is continuous and differentiable everywhere in its domain.

127. Consider the curve given by the equation y2 = x2 + 33 (where y > 0). The y-intercept of the normal line
drawn to the curve at x = 4 is
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 21

128. Let P(x) be a polynomal of degree 4 such that P(1) = 7 and attains its minimum value 3 at both
x = 2 and x = 3, then the vale of P(5) is
(A) 25 (B) 39 (C) 47 (D) 55

129. Let f (x) = cos3x – cos2x, 0 < x < , then number of integral values of  so that f (x) has exactly one
minimum and exactly one maximum, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

g 2 (x)
130. Let h(x) =  3x 3  5 , where g(x) is a continuous and differentiable function. It is given that h(x)
2
is a monotonically increasing function and g(0) = 4, then

5
(A) g2(1) > 10 (B) h(5) > 3 (C) h 2 (D) g2 (– 1) > 22
 2
x
 
131. Let a function f :  ,   R be defined as f(x) =  (cos t  2 sin t ) dt . The greatest value of f(x) is
2  
2

  
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 3 2

132. If the function f(x) = x3 + 3(a – 7)x2 + 3(a2 – 9) x – 1 has a positive point of maxima then find the largest
natural value of 'a'.

133. Let f(x) be a polynomial one-to-one function such that f(x) f(y) + 2 = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy)  x, y  R – {0}.
x
x
Also f(1)  1, f '(1) = 3. If g(x) =  f ( x )  3    f ( t ) dt . Then which one of the following is correct?
4 0
(A) g(x) = 0 has exactly one root in (0, 1) (B) g(x) = 0 has exactly two root in (0, 1)
(C) g(x)  0  x  R – {0} (D) g(x) = 0  x  R – {0}

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Paragraph for Question Nos. 134 to 136

1 x if 0  x  1
 x
 0 if 1  x  2
Let f (x) =  and F (x) =  f ( t ) dt then
 0
(2  x ) 2 if 2  x  3
134. The function F (x) is
(A) increasing in (0, 1) and decreasing in (2, 3) (B) decreasing in (0, 1) and increasing in (2, 3)
(C) decreasing in (0, 1)  (2, 3) (D) increasing in (0, 1)  (2, 3)

135. Range of F (x) is

 1  1  5
(A) 0,  (B) 0,  (C) 0, 6  (D) [0, 1]
 2  3  

136. Area enclosed by the curve y = F (x) and x-axis as x varies from 0 to 3, is
15 17 13 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 12 12
cos x x 1
137. Let g(x) = 2 sin x x
2
2x then the equation of normal drawn to g(x) at x = 0, is
tan x x 1
(A) x = 0 (B) y = 0 (C) x=1 (D) y=1

138. Consider the three linear equations with respect to X, Y, Z as

(x)X + Y + 2Z = 0
f ( x)  X + 3Y + x2Z = 0
(5x)X + 6Y + Z = 0
having non-trivial solution for X, Y, Z. The curve f(x)
(A) is always increasing (B) is always decreasing
(C) has exactly one critical point (D) has three critical points

139. The number of critical points on the graph of the function

x 3 5 , if x2
f(x) =  3 is
 ( x  3) if x2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

140. The normal to the curve x = a (cos  +  sin ), y = a (sin  –  cos ) at any  is such that
(A) it makes constant angle with x-axis
(B) it is a constant distance from the origin

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(C) it touches circle (x – sin )2 + (y – cos )2 = a2
(D) it passes through origin
x2
141. If f (x) =  ( t  1) dt , x  [1, 2], then global maximum value of f(x) is
x
2
142. If the minimum value of the definite integral  | x sin t  cos t | dt (x > 0) can be expressed as a b
0
then find the value of (a + b).

143. If f (x) = a | cos x | + b | sin x | (a, b  R) has a local minimum at x = and satisfies
3
2
2
 f ( x)  dx = 2. Find the value of b 2 a 2 .
 2

144. Let f : [a, b] R be a continuous monotonic function and let F : [a, b] R, Such that
b x

F (x) = (x – a)  f ( t ) dt  ( x  b) f (t ) dt then which of the following is/are correct?

x a
(A) F(x) = 0 must have at least one real root in (a, b)
(B) F(x) > 0  x [a, b] if f (x) be monotonically increasing.
(C) F(x) < 0  x [a, b] if f (x) be monotonically decreasing
(D) F(x) must have the same sign throughout in [a, b]
Paragraph for question nos. 145 & 146
Consider the polynomial
p(x) = 9x8 – 18x5 – 20x3 + 15
145. p(x) = 0 has
(A) Exactly one real root in [0, 31/3] (B) Exactly two real roots in [0, 51/5]
(C) At least two real roots in [0, 31/3] (D) No real roots in [31/5, 51/5]

146. If the graph of y = p(x) represents the rate of change of slope of tangent at any 'x' to the curve y = f(x) then
number of horizontal tangents to the curve y = f(x) will be [Given that f '(1) = 8]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

147. Let f (x) be a differentiable function on R defined by f (x) = 5 – (x + 1)2, and A be the point of
intersection where the tangent line drawn to the graph of y = f (x) at the point P x, f ( x )  intersects with
x-axis and B be the intersection point where the tangent line intersects with y-axis. If S(x) denotes the
area of OAB where O is the origin, then the minimum value of S(x) in the interval (0, 1) is equal to
p
(where p and q are in their lowest form). Find the value of (p + q).
q

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148. If f (x) and g (x) are two differentiable function and graph of y = g (x) is reflection of graph of
y = f (x) with respect to line y = x. If point (a, b) lies on curve y = f (x) and f ' (a) = 3, then find the
670
value of (where g is ordinate of the point on the curve y = g ' (x) whose abscissa is b.)


y
149. If the angle between the tangent at any point 'A' of the curve ln (x2 + y2) = C tan–1 and the line joining
x

A to the origin is then find the value of | C |.
4

150. The length of a longest interval in which the function f (x) = 3 sinx – 4 sin3x is increasing, is
(A) /3 (B) /2 (C) 3/2 (D) 

151. If the range of all real values of b for which the function f(x) = (b2 – 3b + 2) (cos2 x – sin2 x) + (b –
1) x + sin 2 does not possess any critical points on R is (b1, b2), then find the value of (b1 + b2).

152. If the largest positive value of the function f (x) = 8x  x 2  14 x  x 2  48 is k where k  N,

then find the value of k.

153. Let h(x) = f(x)  (f(x))2 + (f(x))3 for every real number x. Then
(A) h is increasing whenever f is increasing (B) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing
(C) h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing (D) nothing can be said in general.
Paragraph for question nos. 154 to 156

( x 3  3x  1) ( x   )
Let f(x) =
( x  )
If range of f(x) is a proper subset of real numbers, then
154. range of  can be
(A) (– , – 1)  (1, ) (B) (– 1, + 1)
(C) (– , – 2)  (2, ) (D) (– 2, + 2)

155. number of integral values that  cannot take

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

156. Lim f ( x )  A then set A can be

x

(A) (– , – 1)  (3, ) (B) [– 1, 3]

(C) (– , – 1]  [3, ) (D) (– 1, 3)

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Paragraph for question nos. 157 & 158
Consider the polynomial p(x) = 9x8 – 18x5 – 20x3 + 15
157. p(x) = 0 has
(A) Exactly one real root in [0, 31/3] (B) Exactly two real roots in [0, 51/5]
(C) At least two real roots in [0, 31/3] (D) No real roots in [31/5, 51/5]

158. If the graph of y = p(x) represents the rate of change of slope of tangent at any 'x' to the curve y = f(x) then
number of horizontal tangents to the curve y = f(x) will be [Given that f '(1) = 8]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1 m
159. Let f (x) = (0 < x < ). If the local minimum value of f (x) is (where m and n are
sin x 1  cos x n
relatively prime). Find minimum value of (m + n).
x4  x2 p a b
160. If the maximum value of the expression y = 6 3 for x > 1, is and it occurs at x =
x  2x 1 q c
where p and q are in their lowest term and a, b, c are pairwise relatively prime positive numbers, find the
value of (a + b + c + p + q).
Paragraph for question nos. 161 to 163

x
sin x
Let f (x) = and g (x) =  f ( t ) dt
x 0
161. The number of local maxima of g (x) in (0, 4) are
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

162. The number of local minima of g (x) in (4, 10) are

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

163. The number of points of inflection of g (x) in (10, 20) are

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12

164. If f (x) = | x – e | + | x –  |e, then find the number of values of x at which f ''' (x) does not exist.

b 1
165. If a2 + b2 = 1 and u is the minimum value of then find the value of u2.
ab2
1
166. Let f ' (x2) = for x > 0 , f(1) = 1 and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R, g(–1) = 0.
x
f ( x ) , x  0
If h(x) = 
g( x ) ,  1  x  0
is a continuous function then find the absolute value of 2p.

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167. Let f (x) and g (x) be differentiable for 0  x  1, such that f (0) = 2, g (0) = 0, f (1) = 6. If there exist
a real number c in [0, 1] such that f ' (c) = 2 g ' (c), then the value of g (1) must be
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1
 1 
168. If f(x) =     x  (4  3x ) , ( > 0) has a maximum and minimum and g() is their absolute difference
2

  
then the minimum value of g(), for different values of , is
32 25 42 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
Paragraph for question nos. 169 to 171
Let f(x) be a real valued function defined on positive real numbers. The tangent lines drawn to the graph
of y = f(x) always intersect the y-axis 1 unit lower than where they meet the function. Also f(1) = 0.
169. Range of the function is
(A) (– , ) (B) (0, ) (C) [1, ) (D) [– 1, 1]

170. If x f ( | x | ) = k has exactly one distinct solution then true set of values of k is equal to
 1  1 1 
(A)  0,  (B)   ,    ,  
 2  e  e 
 1 1   1 
(C)  ,  (D)  , 0
 e e  e 
x
171. The longest interval where the function g(x) = is decreasing is denoted by J. Number of integral
f (x)
values in the interval J is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

172. Let f : [1, )  R, f(x) is a strictly increasing function. If f(x) is a differentiable function and
1
f(1) = 1, then the sum of all the solutions of the equation f f f x  = 2 is equal to
x  2x  2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4

173. Let f : R R be a function defined by f(x) = 2x3 – 21x2 + 78x + 24. Number of integers in the solutions
    
set of x satisfying the inequality f f f ( x )  2 x 3  f f 2 x 3  f ( x ) is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

Paragraph for Question no. 174 to 176

Consider f : R  R be a polynomial function whose degree is greater than 1 and atmost 4.
Also f is a one-one and onto function whose graph is symmetrical about A (4, 0) and f has horizontal
tangent at x = 4.

347
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2018
174. The value of definite integral  f (x ) dx is equal to
 2010
(A) – 4 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 8

175. The value of f –1(2) + f –1(–2) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8

176. If f '(10) = 20, then f '(–2) is equal to

(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 20 (D) 32

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
177. Let f (x) = 2  2  2  2  .......
x x 2  2x 2x  4  3x 3x  6  4x 4x  8

1 1
.......... ..... 
 31x 31x 2  62
x
If P: represent minimum value of g(x) where g (x) =  f ( x  t ) dt , x  [0, 3]
0
and Q : represent the value of (a + b), if the set of values of k for which the equation | f (x2) | = k has six
different solutions is (a, b) , then find the value of (Q – 3P).

178. Let f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1 and let m(b) be the minimum value of f(x). As b varies, the range
of m (b) is
 1 1 
(A) [0, 1] (B)  0,  (C)  , 1 (D) (0, 1]
2 2 

2x
179. Let f(x) =  ( t ln t  t ) dt for all x > 0. Then which of the following is/are correct?
x
(A) f(x) is strictly increasing in (0, e) and strictly decreasing in (e, ¥).

   
 e   e 
(B) f(x) is strictly decreasing in  0, 4  and strictly increasing in  4 ,   .
   3 
 23  2 
(C) f(x) has a local minima but no local maxima.
f ' (x )
(D) Lim is equal to zero.
x  x 2

180. Let f(x) be the curve passing through (– 2, 1) such that slope of the normal line at the point (x, y) on the
curve is equal to x2 y. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x f 2(x) and coordinates axes.

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181. Suppose f(x) is real valued polynomial function of degree 6 satisfying the following conditions ;
(a) f has minimum value at x = 0 and 2 (b) f has maximum value at x = 1
f ( x)
x 1 0
1 1
(c) for all x, Limit
x0 ln 0 x 1 = 2. Determine f (x).
x
1 0 1
x

Paragraph for Question nos. 182 to 184

Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 with P(2) = – 1, P'(2) = P"(2) = 0, P"'(2) = – 12 and P""(2) = 24.
where dash denotes the derivative of P(x) w.r.t x.
182. P"(1) is equal to
(A) 24 (B) 26 (C) 28 (D) 30

4
183.  P ( x ) dx equals
0

32 42 34 44
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5

184. Least positive integral value of  for which the equation P( x )   has exactly two distinct solutions is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
 5    2     
185. Let x    ,   , then find the maximum value of y = tan  x   – tan  x   + cos  x   .
 12 3   3   6  6

186. The maximum value of (cos 1) · (cos 2).......... (cos n), under the restrictions

O < 1, 2,..............., n < and cot 1 · cot 2.......... cot n = 1 is
2
1 1 1
(A) n/ 2 (B) n (C) (D) 1
2 2 2n

187. Find the cosine of the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle having the greatest area for the given
constant length l of the median drawn to its lateral side.

188. A trapezium ABCD is inscribed into a semicircle of radius l so that the base AD of the trapezium isdiameter
and the vertices B and C lie on the circumference. Find the base angle  (in degree) of the trapezium
ABCD which has the greatest perimeter.

189. The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P & Q. Another circle with centre at Q and varable radius
intersects the first circle at R above the x-axis & the line segment PQ at S. Find the maximum area of the
triangle QSR.

349
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190. A curve passes through (2, 0) and the slope of tangent at any point (x, y) is x2 – 2x  x  R. The point
of minimum ordinate on the curve where x > 0 is (a, b), then find the value of (a + 6b).
x
191. Let f be a differentiable function on R and satisfying f(x) = – (x2 – x + 1) ex +  e x  y · f ' ( y) dy .
0
If f(1) + f '(1) + f '' (1) = ke, where k  N, then find k.

192. Consider an equation with x as a variable 7 sin 3x – 2 sin 9x = sec2  + 4 cosec2 , then find the value
15
of


(minimum positive root)  (maximum negative root) . 
Paragraph for question nos. 193 to 195
Consider the cubic f (x) = 8x3 + 4ax2 + 2bx + a where a, b  R.

193. For a = 1 if y = f (x) is strictly increasing  x  R then maximum range of values of b is

 1 1  1 
(A)   ,  (B)  ,   (C) 3 ,   (D) (–, )
 3 3   

194. For b = 1, if y = f (x) is non monotonic then the sum of all the integral values of a  [1, 100], is
(A) 4950 (B) 5049 (C) 5050 (D) 5047

195. If the sum of the base 2 logarithms of the roots of the cubic f (x) = 0 is 5 then the value of 'a' is
(A) – 64 (B) – 8 (C) –128 (D) – 256
 2 x 2 ln x  5 x 2 , x0
196. Let f : R  R be defined by f(x) = 
0, x 0
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) f(x) has exactly one local maximum and two local minimum points.
(B) f(x) is strictly increasing in (10, ).
(C) Absolute minimum value of f(x) exist but absolute maximum value of f(x) does not exist.
(D) In the interval x  (0, ), g(x) = k has two distinct roots.

197. Let f : [0, )  [0, ) such that f ' (x) > 0 and g is the inverse of f(x). Then the number of real roots
of the equation f 2(x) · g(x) + 3x2 = 20, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2

198. Number of solutions of the equation e2 x  9x 2 , is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

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199. Let f(x) be a continuous and differentiable function satisfying the following conditions
6 3 2
(i)  f (r )  0 ,  f (2r)  0 ,  f (3r )  0
r 1 r 1 r 1

(ii) f(6) > 0 and

(iii) f(x) is monotonic in (n, n + 1), n  I
Let A denotes the set consisting of number of distinct possible roots of f(x) = 0 in x  (1, 6).
Find the sum of all the elements of set A.
x
200. If f(x) =  t 4  bt 3   b  1 t 2  bt  b  dt strictly increases  x R then find the number of integer in
2
the range of b is
x
201. The angle between the tangent lines to the grpah of the function f(x) =  (2t  a )dt at the points where
1/ 2


the graph cuts the x-axis is . Find the sum of the squares of all values of a.
2

202. Which of the following statement is(are) correct?

(A) Let f : [0, 1]  R be a differentiable function with f (0) = 0, and 0  f ' (x)  2 f (x),
then f (x) is identically zero  x  [0, 1].
(B) If f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2x is an increasing function  x  R, then a2 – 3b + 15  0.
(C) If xa  ax  x  (1, ) where a  (1, ) then number of values of a satisfying the inequality is
exactly one.
(D) Let f (x) be a differentiable function in [0, ) with f (0) = 0 and f ' (x) is an increasing function

 f (x)
 , x 0
 x  0, then  g (x)  =   x is a decreasing function.
f ' (0), x  0

x5 x4
203. The graph of f (x) = – + 5 has
20 12
(A) no relative extrema, one point of inflection.
(B) two relative maxima, one relative minimum, two points of inflection.
(C) one relative maximum, one relative minimum, one point of inflection.
(D) one relative maximum, one relative minimum, two point of inflection.

204. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

 1 1 1 1  
(A) Lim     ..........  is equal to .

n
 4n  1
2
8n  2 2 12n  32 2n  2
(B) If for a twice differentiable function f (x), f '' (x) < 0  x  (a, b) then f ' (x) = 0 has atmost one

351
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solution in (a, b).
(C) If f(x) = ax7 + bx5 + cx3 +dx + 2, where a, b, c, d are real constants and f (– 3) = 3 then range of
f(3) + 3 cos2x + 4 sin2x, is equal to [4, 5].
tan 1 x
(D) ln(1 + x) < for x > 0.
1 x

205. Let x1 = 7 3  7 9 and x2 = 7 5  7 7 , then

(A) x1 = x2 (B) x1 > x2 (C) x1 < x2 (D) none

1
206. If f (x) =  e|t  x | dt where (0  x  1), then maximum value of f (x) is
0

(A) e – 2 (B) e – 3 (C) e–1 (D) 

2 e 1 
14  10 x  x 2  x 3 , x  1
207. Let f(x) =  2
3x  log10 ( p  4), x  1
Then f(x) attains the absolute minimum value at x = 1. True set of values of p, is
  
(A)  ,  14  14 ,   (B)    
14 ,  2  2, 14

(C)  14 , 14  (D)  14 ,  2   2, 14 

208. Let A be the set of real values of k for which the function f (x) = 2x3 – 3(k + 4)x2 + 18(k + 1)x has exactly
one local maximum and exactly one local minimum, then subsets of A can be
(A) (–2, ) (B) (–4, 4) (C) (– ,1) (D) (4, )

209. If f(x) = x3 – 3x + sin–1(a2 – 3a + 2). Then the smallest positive integer 'a' for which f(x) = 0 has three
distinct real solution.
210. If curves C1 : y2 = 2ax (a > 0) and C2 : xy = 4 2 intersect orthogonally, then a equals

1 2 3
(1) (2) (3) 2 (4)
2 3 2

Paragraph for question nos. 211 to 213

Consider f, g and h be three real valued differentiable functions defined on R. Let g(x) = x3 + g''(1)
x2 + (3g'(1) – g''(1) – 1) x + 3g'(1), f(x) = x g (x) – 12x + 1 and f(x) = (h(x))2 where h(0) = 1.

211. The function y = f(x) has

(A) Exactly one local minima and no local maxima
(B) Exactly one local maxima and no local minima
(C) Exactly one local maxima and two local minima

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 AOD

(D) Exactly two local maxima and one local minima

212. Which of the following is/are true for the function y = g(x)?

 1   1 
(A) g(x) monotonically decreases in   , 2    2 ,
 3  3 

 1 1 
(B) g(x) monotonically increases in  2  ,2 
 3 3
(C) There exists exactly one tangent to y = g(x) which is parallel to the chord joining the points (1, g(1))
and (3, g(3))
(D) There exists exactly two distinct Lagrange's mean value in (0, 4) for the function y = g(x).

213. Which one of the following does not hold good for y = h(x)?
(A) Exactly one critical point (B) No point of inflection
(C) Exactly one real zero in (0, 3) (D) Exactly one tangent parallel to x-axis

Paragraph for question nos. 214 to 216

Let f (x) be function defined on the set of real numbers to real numbers, such it is continuous on R.
214. If f (x) is also differentiable on R such that f ' (x) > f(x)  x R and f (x0) = 0 then
(A) f(x) < 0  x  x 0 (B) f(x)  0  x  x 0
(C) f(x) > 0  x  x 0 (D) f(x)  0  x  x 0
2
215. The equation k·e x  5  x  x where k is a positive constant has
2
(A) Exactly two roots (B) Exactly one root (C) No real root (D) Many roots

216. If f (x) = x3 – (9 – a) x2 + 3(9 – a2) x + 7 has points of extrema which are of opposite sign, then the
values of parameter a.
 4
(A) (0, )    ,   (B) (– 3, 3)  (4, )
 9

 4
(C)   3,    0, 3 (D)  ,  3  3, 
 9

Paragraph for question nos. 217 & 218

Consider the function f (x) = x30 · (ln x)20 for x > 0
217. If f is continuous at x = 0 then f (0)
(A) is equal to 0
(B) is equal to 2/3
(C) is equal to 1
(D) can not be defined to make f (x) continuous at x=0

353
 AOD
218. Maximum value of f (x) occurs at
2
(A) x = – (B) x = 1 (C) x = e–2/3 (D) x = e2/3
3
219. A curve is defined parametrically by x  e t , y = 3t – ln(t2), where t is a parameter, then the equation
of the tangent line drawn to the curve at t = 1, is
2 2 e e
(A) y = x+1 (B) y = x –1 (C) y= x+1 (D) y= x–1
e e 2 2

220. Let A be the set of real values of k for which the function f (x) = 2x3 – 3(k + 4)x2 + 18(k + 1)x has exactly
one local maximum and exactly one local minimum, then subsets of A can be
(A) (–2, ) (B) (–4, 4) (C) (– ,1) (D) (4, )

221. If minimum value of f(x) = x2 ln x is p, then the value of ln |2p| is equal to

1 1
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) (D)
2e 2

222. Consider f (x) = ln | x |  kx 2 , x  0. Match the column-I with the value of k in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) f (x) = 0 has two distinct solutions (P) k = 0
1
(B) f (x) = 0 has four distinct solutions (Q) k=
2e
 1 
(C) f (x) = 0 has six distinct solutions (R) k   , 
 2e 
(D) f (x) = has no solution (S) k  (– , 0)
 1 
(T) k   0, 
 2e 
Paragraph for question nos. 223 to 225
Let f (x) = a (x – 2) (x – b), where a, b  R and a  0.
 2 2  2 b
Also f f ( x )  = a3  x  (2  b) x  2b    x  (2  b) x  2b   , a  0
 a a
has exactly one real zeroes 5.
223. Which of the following is INCORRECT ?
(A) The minimum value of f(x) is 5 and attained at x = – 2.
(B) The maximum value of f(x) is 2 and attained at x = 5.
(C) The minimum value of f(x) is 10 and attained at x = 0.
(D) The maximum value of f(x) is 24 and attained at x = 6
.

354
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224. The slope of the straight line passing through O(0, 0) and tangent to y = f(x), can be
4 2
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) (D)
9 9
5
225. The value of definite integral  f ( x ) dx is equal to
2
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 14

226. Column-I Column-II

(A) If  b denotes the product of all possible values of b and (P) 1

 b denotes the sum of all possible values of b, for which a line tangent
3 11x
to the graph of f (x) = x  at the point M b, f (b)  passes through
3
the point N (3, 0), then  b   b has the value equal to
a 1
2
(B) The real value of a for which the integral  e  ( x 1) dx (Q) 4
a 1
attains its maximum value is equal to
(C) Line l is tangent to the curve y = ex and is parallel to the line x – 4y = 1. (R) 6
If x-intercept of the line is – ln (ke), k  N then k is equal to (S) 10
Paragraph for question nos. 227 to 229
In a triangle ABC, tan A + tanB + tan C = k where k  R.
Assume that a triangle to be isosceles, if atleast two of its angles are equal.
227. Range of values of k for which there exists no isosceles triangle, is
 
(A) 0, 3 3 (B) 3 3,  
(C) 1, 3 3  (D) (– , 0)  3 3  
228. Range of values of k for which there exists exactly one isosceles triangle is
 
(A) 0, 3 3 (B) 3 3,  
(C) 1, 3 3  (D) (– , 0)  3 3  
229. Range of values of k for which there exists two isosceles triangles
 
(A) 0, 3 3 (B) 3 3,  
(C) 1, 3 3  (D) (– , 0)  3 3  
230. Which of the following function(s) cannot exist?
(A) f "(x) > 0 for all x  R, f '(0) = 1 and f '(1) = 1.
(B) f "(x) > 0 for all x  R, f '(0) = 1 and f '(1) = 2.
(C) f "(x)  0 for all x  R, f '(0) = 1 and f(x)  100 for all x > 0.
(D) f "(x) > 0 for all x  R, f '(0) = 1 and f (x)  1 for all x < 0.
355
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ANSWER KEY

1. 15 2. 1 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. 149 8. B
 1 3
9. D 10. g increases for x < 0 ; g decreases for all x > 0 11.  ,   (1, )
 2 4
12. 28 13. 64 14. 3 16. 3 17. A 18. 4 19. 2
20. D 21. 12 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D
27. (A) Q ; (B) R ; (C) S 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. 36
 82·7 3
33. B 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. 41. B
3
42. C 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B
49. x = 1 when t = 1, m  ; 5x – 4y = 1 if t  1 then m = 1/3
50. 7 51. 400 52. 25 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. D
57. B 58. D 59. A 60. (– , – 3]  [1, )
61. (a) (– , 0] ;
 5 5 
(b)  in 1,  and  in (   ,1)   ,    { 3} ;
 3 3 
5
(c) x =
3
(d) removable discont. at x = –3 (missing point) and non removable discont. at x = 1 (infinite
type)
(e) – 2.

62. 27 63. 0 64. A 65. B 66. D 67. C 68. C

69. A 70. D 71. A 72. C 73. A 74. 2 75. D
77. 24 78. 0 79. C 80. C 81. A 82. B 83. C
84. 125 85. B 86. ABCD 87. 12 88. 2010 89. A 90. A
91. C 92. BCD 93. ABCD 94. B 95. B 96. 1 97. 5
98. B 99. ABCD 100. B 101. C 102. 7 103. B 104. B
105. C 106. C 107. 4 108. C 109. B 110. C 111. D
112. C 113. D 114. BB 115. AD 116. AC

356
 AOD

117. 1 where a = – 1, b = 0, c = 2 118. 4 when a = 2 119. 3 120. 31

121. A 122. C 123. B 124. C 125. A 126. ACD 127. C
 29 
128. B 129. C 130. AB 131. A 132. a  (– , – 3)   3,  ; a = 4
 7 
133. D 134. D 135. C 136. B 137. A 138. A 139. C
140. BC 141. 4 142. 4 143. 3 144. BCD 145. C 146. D
147. 107 148. 2010 149. 2 150. A 151. 4 152. 12 153. AC
154. C 155. D 156. A 157. C 158. D 159. 59 160. 15
161. B 162 B 163. B 164.1, at x = 165. 9 166. 3 167. B
168. A 169. A 170. B 171. B 172. A 173. C 174. B
160
175. D 176. C 177. P= ; Q = 68 ; Hence Q – 3P = 228 178. D
3
2 6 12 5
179. BCD 180.1 181. f (x) = x  x + 2x4 182. A 183. D
3 5

11 3
184. B 185. 186. A 187. cos A = 0.8 188.  = 60
6
4
189. 190. 2 191. 9 192. 10 193. C 194. B 195. D
3 3
196. ABC 197. A 198. C 199. 10 200. 5 201. 4
202. ABC 203. C 204. ABC 205. C 206. C 207. D 208. CD
209. 1 210. C 211. C 212. D 213. C 214. C 215. B
216. D 217. A 218. C 219. A 220. CD 221. B
222. (A) R, P; (B) Q; (C) T; (D) S 223. ACD 224. AC 225. A
226. (A) S; (B) P; (C) Q 227. A 228. D 229. B 230. AC

357
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SOLUTIONS

x2
1. For domain of f(x) : 16 – x2  0 and – 1  1
16
 0  x2  16 and – 16  x2  16
 2
common interval, 0  x  16
 –4x4
 m = number of integers in [– 4, 4] = 9
Now, as f(x) decreases when x2 increases from 0 to 4
 16 
 f(x)min = f(x2max) = 16 16 + cos–1   = 0
 16 
0 
and f(x)max = f(x2min) = 16  0 + cos–1   = 4 +
 16  2
 
 Range is 0, 4  
 2

 
 n = number of integers in 0, 4   = 6.
 2
 m + n = 15

2. Given P(x) + 2 = Q1(x)(x – 2)2

and P(x) – 2 = Q2(x) (x + 2)2
Hence P ' (2) = 0 and P ' (–2) = 0
 Let P ' (x) = k(x – 2)(x + 2) (As P ' (x) must be a quadratic polynomial)
P' (2) = 0 and P' (– 2) = 0
 On integrating, we get
 x3 
P(x) = k   4x  + C ....(1)
 3 
Aliter: Let P(x) = k(x – 2) (x + 2) = k(x2 – 4)
 x3 
 P(x) = k   4x  + c ........... equation (1)
 3 
 

358
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 P(2) = – 2 and P(–2) = 2

8 
 k   8 + c = – 2 ........... equation (2)
3 
 8 
and k  8 + c = 2 ........... equation (3)
 3 
 from equation (2) + equation (3) we have 2c = 0
 16 3
and k= –2  k=
3 8
 from equation (1)

3  x3 
P(x) =   4x  + 0
8  3 
 
9
 P(–3) =
8
 (a – b)  = 9 – 8 = 1 .

3 to 5.
Graph of y = f(x) is Graph of y = g(x) is
f(x) if –2  x –1
g (x) = –1 if –1  x < 0
0 if 0x1
f(x) 1 x O 1

6. f ' (x) = 2c1 e2x + 5c2 e5x

f '' (x) = 4 c1 e2x + 25 c2 e2x
 (4c1e2x + 25c2e5x) + a(2c1e2x + 5c2e5x) + b(c1e2x + c2e5x) = 0
c1(4e2x + 2ae2x + be2x) + c2(25e5x + 5ae5x + be5x) = 0
 c1e2x(2a + b + 4) + c2e5x(25 + 5a + b) = 0 is true  c1, c2
 2a + b + 4 = 0 and 5a + b + 25 = 0
hence 3a + 21 = 0  a = – 7 and b = 10
a + b = 49 + 100 = 149 .]
2 2

7. f(x) = ln (lnx)
1
g(x) = f (x) =
xlnx
1  1 1 
g (x) = [lnx + 1] =  2 2  2 
(xlnx) 2  x ln x x lnx 

359
 AOD

1  1 1 
=   which is < 0 for x > e
x  ln x lnx 
2  2

Hence g(x) is a decreasing function for x > e

hence g(m) > g(m + 1) for m > e
From the graph
m 1
g(m + 1) (m + 1 – m) <
 g(x) dx < g(m) [m + 1 – m]
m

m 1
g(m + 1) <
 f ' (x) dx < g(m)
m

1 1
< f(m + 1) – f(m) < ]
(m  1)ln(m  1) m  ln ( m )

8 f(x) = x2 ln x
1
f '(x) = x2 · + ln x · 2x
x
= x (1 + 2 ln x) x > 0
 1   1
f(x) is increasing in  e 2 ,   and decreasing in  0, e 2 
   
   
1
1
 1
 f (x )  e ln e 2 =– =p
min 2e

 1
 ln | 2p | = ln 2   = – 1.
 2e 

9. Let f(x) = 2 tan x + (2a + 1) ln | sec x | + (a – 2)x

f '(x) = 2 sec2 x + (2a + 1)tan x + (a – 2) = 2 tan2x + (2a + 1)tan x + a
 
For f (x) to be increasing, f '(x)  0 x  0, 
 2
 
 2 tan2x + (2a + 1)tan x + a  0 x  0, 
 2
 
 (1 + 2tan x) (tan x + a)  0 x  0, 
 2

360
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Hence a  0. .
 
Note: For a < 0, f(x) becomes non-monotonic in  0,  as interval of increasing and decreasing
 2
are obtained.

10. f(x) > 0 for all x

f is increasing for x < 0 and decreasing for x > 0
 f ' (x) > 0 for x < 0 .........(1)
and f ' (x) < 0 for x > 0 .........(2)
1
Now g(x) =
1
f 
x
y
(0,1)
I D
1
y=
1 1  1  1 + x2
g ' (x) = . f '  .  2 
1 x x  x
f2   O
x
for x < 0, g'(x) = (positive) (positive) (positive) > 0
 g(x) is increasing for x < 0.
for x > 0 g'(x) = (positive) (negative) (positive) < 0
 g(x) is decreasing for x > 0
Alternatively : consider the graph of
1
f(x) = and interpret. .
1 x2

11. Case-I:
If 0 < a < 1 (obviously 'a' can not be < 0)
then for f (x) to be increasing
3 
4ax – x2 should be decreasing in  , 2 
2 

3
  2a and 2 < 4a
2

3 1  1 3
 a and a>  a  , 
4 2  2 4
Caser-II: If a > 1 then for f (x) to be increasing

361
 AOD

3 
4ax – x2 increasing in  , 2 
2 
 2a  2  a  1 but a  1;  a>1
 1 3
 final wer is  ,   (1, ) .
 2 4

5
12. Given f (3) = 5 and f ' (3) = ....(1)
4
2
 4f ( x )  320  1  
3  2 .    1
L = Lim

  2  
 
= Lim

34f ( x )  320
2

x 3 1  cos(ln ( 4  x )) 2 x 3 1 ln 2 (1  3  x )
l n ( 4  x ) . (3  x ) 2
ln 2 ( 4  x ) 2 (3  x ) 2

2
 3 4 f ( x )  3 20 
L = Lim 2   ............(1) [12th, 20-06-2010 P-2]
x 3 x 3 
 

 34 f ( x )  320   0
Let l = Lim    form  (Using L'Hospital's rule)
x 3
 x  3   0 

(34f ( x ) ln3) 4f ' ( x ) 

 l = Lim
x 3 1
(34f (3) ln 3)4f ' (3) 5
= = (320 ln 3)  4   = 5 (320 ln3)
1 4
Hence L = 2 (5 · 3 · ln 3)  2 (a 3 ln c) 2 (Given)
20 2 b

So, a = 5, b = 20, c = 3.
Hence (a + b + c) = 5 + 20 + 3 = 28 .
1 Y
13. We have y = [13th, 21-11-2010, P-1] xy=1
x  1
 2, 
 2
dy 1 P(t, 1/t)
 2 = slope of the tangent
dx x
X
slope of normal at P = x2 = t2 O(0,0)

Q(T,1/T)

362
 AOD

1 1

2 t T Tt 1 1
 t = = · =
tT tT t  T tT

 
 
1 1 1  1 
T = 3 . Hence slope of the curve at Q = 2  2    2
= – t6
t x T    1  
 3 
 t  
Let t = 2
Slope of the curve at Q = – 26 = – 64 = m (Given)
Hence, | m| = |– 64| = 64. .

14.
x 2  sin x cos x x (1  sin x )  0
We have, x  cos x x 1

sin x x cos x x
 1 1 x 1 =0

 (sin x – x) ( cos x – x2) = 0

 Either sin x = x or cos x = x2
Hence, number of real roots are 3. .]

15. To prove that : (c – b) . f(a) + (b – a) f(c) > (c – a) f(b)

(b  a ) f (c)  (c  b) f (a )
Or to prove that > f(b)
(c  a )
(b  a ) f (c)  (c  b) f (a )
(c  a )
a1f(a)
M c–b c1f(c)
b–a

P b,f(b)

O a b B c

( b  a ) f (c)  (c  b) f (a )
BM > BP  > f(b)
(c  a )

363
 AOD
Given f "(x) > 0  concave up in (a, c) and f '(a)  x  [a, c]

16. We have, f(x) = e2x – (c + 1) ex + 2x + cos 2 + sin 1

 f '(x) = 2e2x – (c + 1) ex + 2
Now, f '(x)  0  x  R
 1  1
i.e., 2  e x  x  – (c + 1)  0  x  R  (c + 1)  2  e x  x   x  R
 e  e

minimum value  4

 c+14c3
 c  (– , 3]  (– , ]
Hence  = 3. .
1 1
x
17. f (x) = ex +  e f ( t ) dt = ex + kex where k =  f ( t ) dt
0 0

 e 
t
 k=  ke t dt = e + ke – 1 – k
0

e 1  e 1  ex
 k= , thus f (x) = ex 1  =
2e  2e 2e
1
obviously, f (0) = <0
2e
ex
also f ' (x) = < 0 for  x  R
2e
Hence, f (x) is a decreasing function.
1 1 1
ex  ex  e 1
also  f ( x ) dx =  2  e dx =  2  e  = < 0. ]
0 0   0 2  e

 x  a 2
18. y and y = ex
4
dy x  a dy
 and  ex
dx 2 dx
xa
 = ex  (x – a) = 2ex .......(1)
2
x  a 2
Also = ex .......(2)
4

364
 AOD

4e 2 x
  ex [Using (1)]
4
 ex (ex – 1) = 0. Hence ex = 1  x = 0
if x = 0 then y = 1
a2
 1=  a2 = 4  a = – 2 or a = 2 (rejected)
4
As, for a = 2 curves do not intersect.
Hence, sum of the squares of all possible values of a is 4.
2x
t n
19. Let fn(x) = e dt
x
n n
f n' ( x ) = 2 ·e ( 2 x )  e  x
n n
For maxima and minima, f n' ( x ) = 0  2e( 2 x )  e  x
n n n
 2 ·e( 2 x )  e x
Taking log on both sides, we get
ln 2 – 2nxn = – xn  ln 2 = xn (2n – 1)
1
ln 2  ln 2  n
 xn = n  x =  n  = an
2 1  2 1

 1
  ln 2  n 
Also, fn''  x   n   < 0
  2 1  
 
1
 ln 2  n
 fn(x) is maximum at x =  n  .
 2 1

 ln 2 
ln  n  n
 2  1  ln (ln 2)  ln (2  1)
Now, ln an = =
n n

   1  
n
 ln  2 n  1  n   
Hence L = Lim ln (a n ) = Lim ln (ln 2)  ln (2  1) = Lim  ln (ln 2)    2   
n  n n n  n n 
 
 

365
 AOD

  1 
 n ·ln 2  ln 1  n  
L = Lim  0   2   = – ln 2
n   n 
 
 
Hence, e–L = 2 .

20. 
g(x) = f tan x  12  3 
 
g ' ( x )  f ' tan x  1  3 2tan x  1sec 2 x
2

f'' (x) > 0 f' is 
   
 2

f ' tan x  1  3  f ' 3 x  0,    , 
 4 4 2

tan x  1  0 x   ,  
4 2
π π
 interval of  x  , 
4 2

21. Given 9y2 = x3

t3
Let the point on the curve be x = t2 and y =
3
dx dy
= 2t ; = t2
dt dt
dy dy dt t2 t 2
= × = =  slope of the normal = –
dx dt dx 2t 2 t
 normal makes equal intercept
2
hence – =–1
t
 t=2
8
Hence P = (4, )
3
8
 a + 3b = 4 + 3 · = 4 + 8 = 12 .
3

366
 AOD

22. 2
x 
Let G(x) = 1  f ( t ) dt 
2 0 
x
1
then G'(x) = g(x) = · 2 f (x)  f ( t ) dt
2 0

 g(x) is a non-increasing function and g(0) = 0

 g(x) g(0)  g(x)  0 ......inequation (i)
 G'(x)  0  G(x) is non-increasing
function  G(x)  G(0)
 G(x)  0 ......inequation (ii)

2
x
1  
But G(x) =  f ( t ) dt   0 ......inequation (iii)
2  0 

 from inequation (ii) and inequation (iii)

G(x) = 0 identically
x
  f ( t) dt = 0
0

 f (x) = 0 identically
 from inequation (i) g(x) = 0
 f{g(ln 5)} + g{f(ln 5)}= 0 ]
x b 
23. Given F (x) =   f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt  2x  (a  b)
 ....(1)
a x 
as f is continuous hence F (x) is also continuous. Also
put x=a
 b  b
 
F (a) =    f ( t ) dt  (a  b)  (b  a )  f ( t ) dt
 a  a

and put x = b
b 
F (b) =   f ( t ) dt  (b  a )
a 
hence F (a) = F (b)
hence Rolle's Theorem is applicable to F (x)
  some c  (a, b) such that F ' (c) = 0

367
 AOD

x b 
now F ' (x) = 2   f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt   2x  (a  b) [f ( x )  f (x )] = 0
 
a x 

c b 
 F ' (c) =   f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt   f (c)[(a  b)  2c] .
a c 
Note: Option (A) is not always true for any continuous function f (x)

24 to 26. Consider f (x) in [0, 1]

f ' (t) = 3t2 – 2t + 1 > 0  t  (0, 1)  f is  in (0, 1)
maximum occurs at t = x.
x 3  x 2  x  1 0  x  1
and hence f (x) is 3  x 1 x  2

again consider g (x) = in [0, 1)
3 4 1 3 3 2
g (t) = t  t  t 1
8 2 2
3 3 3 2 3 3
g ' (t) = t  t  3t = t (t2 + t – 2) = t (t –1) ) (t + 2)
2 2 2 2
g (t) decreases in [0, 1)  maximum occurs when t = 0 and g (0) = 1
again consider g (x) function in [1, 2]
3 1 5
g(t) = t+ sin2t +
8 32 8
3 
g ' (t) = + sin (2t) > 0  t  R
8 32
 g is an increasing function in [1, 2]
 minimum occurs when t = 1 and g (1) = 1
1 0  x  1
hence g (x) =  = 1  x  [0, 2]
1 1 x  2
24. f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1 . (B)

25. Lim fog(x) = f(1) and Lim gof(x) = 1 also f(1) > 1 . (A)
x  1¯ x 1

d d
26. Z(x) = f(x)g(x) = f(x)1  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
dx dx
= f (x)  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
d d f(x)
& Y(x) = g(x)f(x) = 1 = 0  x  [0, 1)  (1, 2]
dx dx
Hence the functions Y(x) and Z(x) can vanish simultaneously at f (x) = 0 which is not possible for any
real x.

368
 AOD

27.
(A) If f(0) = 0 or f(1) = 1, the root is 0 or 1
If f(0) > 1 and f(1) < 1, then g(x) = f(x) – x3 satifies, g(0) > 0, g(1) < 1
Hence by intermediate value theorem
g(x) = 0 has at least one root.
(B) If f '(a) = f ' (b) = 0 and f() = f() = 0 where a <  <  < b, then by Rolle's theorem f '(x)
vanishes between  and  contradicting the fact that a and b are two consecutive roots of f '(x) = 0.

(C)

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0, 1, 2

28. Graph of f(x) = (1 + x2) ex

f ' (x) = (1 + x2) en + en · 2x
= ex (x + 1)2  0 
f(x) has above the x-axis and has an inflection point at x = – 1
f ''(x) = ex (x + 1) (x + 3)
 in (– , – 3) f(x) is concave up
(– 3, –1) f(x) as concave down
(– 1, ) concave up.
graph of y = (1 + x2) en y

x
–3 –1 0

hence k > 0, f(x) = k has one solution, for k < 0 no solution

Note that number of inflection points on y = f(x) = 2.

29. Let g(x) = f(x) – x3

Clearly g(1) = g(2) = g(3) = g(4) = 0
According to Rolle's theorem
g'(c1) = g'(c2) = g'(c3) = 0 for some c1  (1, 2), c2  (2, 3) and c3 (3, 4)
Again applying Rolle's theorem on g'(x)
g "(k1) = g"(k2) = 0 for some k1  (c1, c2) and k2  (c2, c3)
Again using Rolle's theorem on g"(x) on [k1, k2]
g'"(x) = 0 for some x  (k1, k2)  f '''(x) = 6 for some x  (1, 4) .

369
 AOD
30. Let v be the most economical speed and c is the cost of fuel
 c = kv2, where k is constant
when v = 16, c = 48
3
k=
16
3v 2
Hence the cost of fuel =
16
 3 2d  d 3 
Total running cost per hour =  300  v  =  300  dv  = f (v) (where d is the total
 16  v  v 16 
distance)
 d 3 
Now f ' (v) = 0    300 2  d  = 0  v2 = (100)(16)
 v 16 
 v = (10)(4) = 40 km/hr. .

31. f (x) = ax2 + bx + c

f ' ' ( 0)
f (0) = c; f ' (0) = b and f '' (0) = 2a  |a|+|b|+|c|= + | f ' (0) | + | f (0) |
2
1
which is maximum when f (0) = 1, f (1) = 1 and vertex is about the line is x = .
2
1 a b
A = f  =  c
2 4 2
B = f (1) = a + b + c
C = f (0) = c
 | A |  1, | B |  1, | C |  1
a = – 4A + 2B + 2C
b = 4A – B – 3C
c=C
 | a | + | b | + | c | = | – 4A + 2B + 2C | + | 4A – B – 3C | + | C |
 4|A| + 2|B| + 2|C| + 4|A| + | B | + 3|C| + | C |
 17
Equality holds for f (x) = 8x2 – 8x + 1.

32. Let x2 + x + 1 = t
3 
 t   , 
4 
3 
 t2 – at + 2a  0  t   ,  
4 
Let 2
f (t) = t – at + 2a

370
 AOD

f ' (t) = 2t – a
a 3 3
Case-I: If   a
2 4 2

3  3
In this case for t   ,   minimum value occur at t =
4  4

3 9 3a
 f  0  – + 2a  0
4 16 4
9 5a
 +  0  9 + 20a  0
16 4
9
 a
20
 9 3
 a   ,  ....(1)
 20 2 
a 3 3
Case-II: If   a
2 4 2

3  a
then for t   ,   , minimum value occur at t =
4  2

a  a2 a2
 f  0  – + 2a  0
2 4 2

a2  a
 + 2a  0  a  2    0  a  (0, 8)
4  4

3 
 a   , 8 ....(2)
2 
9 
(1)  (2)  a   , 8
 20 
 Sum of all integral values
89
S = 1 + 2 + ....... + 8 = = 36 .
2

371
 AOD
33. (ii) is true since | – 7 | = 7 will be maximum value of | f(x) |. To see why (i) and (iii) do not have to be
true, consider the following:
5 if x  5

f(x) =  x if  5  x  7
 7 if x  7
For f(| x |), the maximum is 0 and the minimum is –7.

34 to 36.
1
34. f (x) =  (12x  20y) f ( y)  8xy dy
0

1 1 1
2 2
=  12 x y f ( y) dy   20 xy f ( y) dy   8xy dy
0 0 0

1 1 1
2 2  y2 
= 12 x  y f ( y ) dy  20 x  y f ( y ) dy  8x  
 2 
0 0  0
1 1
2 2
f (x) = 12 x  y f ( y) dy  20x  y f ( y) dy  4x
0 0
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx
then f (y) = ay2 + by
1 1
2 2
 f (x) = 12 x  y(ay  by ) dy  20x  y 2 (ay 2  by )dy  4 x
0 0

a b a b
= 12x2    + 20x    + 4x
4 3 5 4
 ax2 + bx = x2(3a + 4b) + x(4a + 5b + 4)
On comparing a = 3a + 4b
 a + 2b = 0
b = 4a + 5b + 4
 a+b+1=0
On solving a = –2, b = 1
 f (x) = – 2x2 + x
2
1  1
=  2 x  
8  4

372
 AOD

35. Graph of f(x) is

1
8

1
4

 Graph of | f ( | x | ) | is

1
8

Clearly y = | f ( | x | ) | will cut y = 2 at two points.

36. f (–2x) = –2 · 22x –2x

Clearly f(–2x) is always –ve
and at x  –  f(–2x)  0
 Range is (– , 0) .
41x 3
37. f (x) = [13th, 08-03-2009, P-1] New for 12th 2009
3
f ' (x) = 41x2
f ' (x) x1 , y1
 41 x12

 41 x12 = 2009 = 72 · 41

x12 = 49

41·7 3
 x1 = 7; y1 = (x1  – 7, think !)
3
y1  b
now x1  0 = 2009  y1 – b = 7 · 2009 = 73 · 41

41·73 41·7 3 82 ·7 3
b=  7 3 ·41 = (2) = – .
3 3 3

373
 AOD
38
x = at2 ; y = at3
dx dy
= 2at ; = 3at2|
dt dt
dy 3t
=
dx 2
3t
y – at3 = (x – at2) ....(1)
2
2k – 2at3 = 3th – 3at3
at 3  3th  2k  0
2k 2k
t 1t 2 t 3   (put t1t2 = – 1); hence t3 =
a a
now t3 must satisfy the equation (1) which gives the required locus.
39.8
dy k
| y1 | = | k | and =
dx x h
1 , y1

now putting y = a sin  in the given equation

x  a cos   1  cos  
= ln  
a  sin  
x 
+ cos  = ln cot
a 2
differentiate w.r.t. 
1 dx 1
– sin  = sin 
a d

1 dx 1 cos 2 
= sin  – sin  = –
a d sin 

dx a cos 2  dy
=– = a cos 
d sin  d
dy
= – tan 
dx
k
hence = – tan  ....(1)
h
also y = a sin 
i.e. k = a sin 

374
 AOD

1 a2
k2 = a2 1  cot 2  =
h2
1 2
k
2 2 2
h + k = a Hence proved]
dy
40. x2 + 3y2 =0
dx

dy  x12
  2
dx  P y1

x12
y 2  y1  x 22  x12  x1x 2 
 
now – 2 = x x =–  y 2  y2  y y 
y1 2 1  2 1 1 2 

y 32  a 3  x 32
y13  a 3  x13
 2
2 x2 x 2 
x1 2  
x12
=
x 22  x1x 2
=
x
 1 x1   
y 32  y13   x 32  x13
y12 y 22  y1y 2  2
2  y2 y 2  y 2  y1  x2  x x  x2 
y1 2
y
   22 1 2 1 

 1 y1  x 2  x1  y  y y  y2 
 2 1 2 1 

x2 y2
put = p and =q
x1 y1
p2 + p = q 2 + q
 (p – q)(p + q) + (p – q) = 0
 (p – q)(p + q + 1) = 0
x 2 y2
   1
x1 y1
Note that: a  n
as a = b
x 2 y2 y 2 y1
  i.e. x  x
x1 y1 2 1
mOP = mOQ
 curve passes through origin i.e. a = 0 which is not possible.

375
 AOD
41.
(A) x  (0, 1) (B) ln (1 + x) < x
ex < 1 + x f(x) = ln(1 + x) – x
1
f(x) = ex – x – 1 f (x) = –1
1 x
x
f (x) ex – 1 which is > 0  x  (0, 1) = < 0 in x  (0, 1)
1 x
so f(x) in (0, 1) i.e. f (x) is  is (0, 1)
i.e. f(x) > f(0) f(x) < f(0) f(x) < 0 is
f(x) > 0
(C) f (x) = sin x – x (D) ln x > x
f ' (x) = cos x – 1 < 0 in   (0, 1) f (x) = ln x – x
1 1 x
f (x) is decreasing in x  (0, 1) f ' (x) = 1 = > 0 in (0, 1)
x x
f (x) < f (0) f (x) is increasing in (0, 1)
f (x) < 0 i.e. sin x – x < 0; sin x < x f (x) < f (1)

42 f (x) =  ex (x  1) (x  2)dx
1/x
1 e
x

43 to 45.
2
43. Let  f ( x ) dx   (where  = constant)
0

f ' (x ) dx
 f '(x) = f(x) +   f (x )     1dx
 ln (f(x) + ) = x + c (where c is integration constant)
 f(x) +  = ec · ex
 f(0) = 1  1 +  ec
 f(x) +  = (1 + )ex  f(x) = –  + (1 + ) ex
2 2

    (1  )e  dx
x
  =  f ( x ) dx =
0 0
= – 2 + (1 + ) (e2 – 1)  3 =  (e2 – 1) + e2 – 1

376
 AOD

e2  1
  (4 – e2) = e2 – 1  =
4  e2

1  e 2  e 2  1  x
 f(x) = + 1 e
4  e 2  4  e 2 

2 x
1  e2  3  x  1  e  3e 
= + 2
e = 2 
4  e2  4  e   4e 
 For the number of points of intersection with x-axis
1 – e2 + 3ex = 0  3ex = e2 – 1
Clearly, y = 3ex is increasing function and it will cut y = 3e2 – 1 at only one point.
3e x , x  0 y = 3ex
44. g(x) =  (0, 3)
x , x  0
graph of g(x) will be as like as shown. y=x
O (0, 0)

So, g(x) is one one into function.

45. Point of intersection of y = x and y = x3 for x < 0 is only x = – 1.

For x  0, for point of intersection of y = x3 and y = 3ex  x3 = 3ex  x3 e–x = 3
So, number of solutions is same as point of intersection of y = x3 e–x and y = 3.
dy
Now, y = x3e–x  = 3x2 e–x – x3 e–x = (3 – x) x2 e–x
dx
+ –
0 3
y
y=3
3
 3
  y = x3e–x
e

x
O 3

 no point of intersection for x  0.

 Total number of points of intersection = 1.

  x2  2

46. g ' (x) = 2  f '    f ' ( 6  x ) 
 
  2  

 x2 
g ' (x) > 0 if x > 0 and  2  > f ' (6 – x2)
f '
 

x2
 > 6 – x2  x>2
2

377
 AOD
( f '' (x) > 0,  f ' (x) is an increasing function)
 x2 
g ' (x) > 0 if x < 0 and  2  < f ' ( 6  x 2 )
f '
 

x2
 < 6 – x2  –2<x<0
2

 0 in (,  2)

 g ' (x) =  0 in (2, 0)
 0 in (0, 2)

 0 in (2,  )
Hence g (x) attains minimum for x = ± 2 and maximum for x = 0.

3x 2  2x  10, x  1
47. f ' (x) =   2, x 1

since for the quadratic 3x2 – 2x + 10, D < 0 hence it is always positive
 function f (x) increases in (–, 1) and decreasing in (1, )
 for max at x = 1
f (1)  f (1+)
 1 – 1 + 10 – 5  –2 + log2 (a2 – 2)
log2 (a2 – 2)  7
a2 – 2  27
 a2  130
Hence, 2 < a2  130
 a  {±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, ±6, ±7, ±8, ±9, ±10, ±11}
 No. of integral values of a = 20
48. f (x)  f 3(x) {4f '(x) – x2} = 0
3

f 3(x) = 0  Not possible

x x3
f '(x) =  f(x) = +C
4 12

1 x3 3
Also, f(0) = = C  f(x) = 
4 12 12

x3  3
  f(x) =
12

27  3 4
 f(3) = = = 2.
12 12

378
 AOD

49.
y=2
dx dy
= 2 – 2t; = 2t + 1
dt dt
dy  2t  1 y1  1 ( t  t 2  1)
= = =
dx  t 2(1  t ) x1  1 ( 2 t  t 2  1)

2t  1 t 2  t  1
=
2(t  1) ( t  1) 2
1
 t= (note that at t = 1, dy/dx  , now tanget is  to x-axis;  eqn is x=1)
3
1 dy  2t  1 (2 3)  1 5 3 5
when t = ,  = = = · =
3 dx  t 1 / 3 2(1  t ) 2(2 3) 3 4 4

5
equation of line y – 1 = (x – 1)  4y – 4 = 5x – 5  5x – 4y = 1 . if t = 1 then x = 1 .
4
1 1 
50. cos3t =  cos t =  t =
8 2 3
dy y' ( t ) 2 sin t cos t 2
now = =– 2 = – sec t
dx x ' (t ) 3 cos t sin t 3

dy 4
dx  =– .]
t 3
3

51. Let x = a sin4 and y = a cos4, where a = 400

so that x  y = 20   R

dy cos 2 
Now = –
dx sin 2 

cos2 
So, equation of tangent is (y – a cos4) = – 2
( x  a sin 4 )
sin 
 x-intercept = a sin2
y-intercept = a cos2
Hence sum of intercepts = (a sin2) + (a cos2) = a = 400.

379
 AOD
52.
We have f (x) = ax + cos 2x + sin x + cos x  f ' (x) = a – 2 sin 2x + cos x – sin x
As f ' (x)  0 for any real number x  a  2 sin 2x + sin x – cos x ......[]
 
Let t = sin x – cos x = 2 sin  t     2  t  2 ,
 4
so the inequality can be written as a  – 2t2 + t + 2
2
 1 17
Let g (t) = – 2t2 + t + 2 = – 2t   +
 4 8
1

then range of g (t) for  2  t  2 is g  2  g( t )  g 
4
17
  2  2  g (t ) 
8
So, the range of a can be found a  max | t |  2

17 17 
 a  a   , 
8 8 
Hence, (m + n)least = 17 + 8 = 25.

53 to 56.

0, x   , 0
 sin x  1,    x  0
  
53. f (x) = sin x , 0  x  ,  x  
 2 2
2, x  
 2


f (x) has discontinuity at x = ± , 0,
2
54. (x)  1, – 1 for any x.

55. f (x) has maxima at x = ± and – 
2
0 2 0 2
2
56.  f ( x) dx =   f2 (x ) dx  0 f (x ) dx =   (2 sin x  1) dx  0 sin x dx
 2

 
= 1 1 = 2 – .
2 2
57to59.
ln x
px = | ln x | p =
x

380
 AOD

 ln x
ln x  x , x 1
f (x) = =   ln x
x  , 0  x 1
 x
y
1  ln x 1
 2 , x1
e
x
f '(x) =   (1  ln x )
 , 0  x 1
 x2 1 e x
 f (x) in (0, 1) and (e, )
and f (x) (1, e)
graph of f (x) will be as in diagram
 1
Clearly line y = p will cut graph at 3 points if p   0, 
 e
1 
Clearly line y = p will cut graph at 1 point if p   ,    { 0 }
e 
1
Clearly line y = p will cut graph at 2 points if p 
e
 a 2 1
60.f(x) =   x3 + (a - 1) x2 + 2x + 1 is   x  R

 3 
(a – 1) x2 + 2(a – 1) x + 2
2 8x2 – 8x + 2
2(4x2 – 4x + 1) = (2x – 1)2
f  (x) = 2 > 0 hence a = 1
then for f  (x) > 0
D<0
i.e. 4 (a – 1)2 – 8 (a2 – 1) < 0
i.e. a2 – 2a + 1 – 2a2 + 2 < 0 more than to a = 1
– a2 – 2a + 3 < 0 f (x) = 2x + 1
i.e. a2 + 2a – 3 > 0 which 4 always 
i.e. (a + 3) (a – 1) > 0
(– , – 3]  [1, ) .
61. (a) (– , 0] ;
 5 5 
(b)  in 1,  and  in (   ,1)   ,    { 3} ;
 3 3 
5
(c) x =
3
(d) removable discont. at x = –3 (missing point) and non removable discont. at x = 1 (infinite type)
(e) – 2.

381
 AOD
62. Let g(x) = 1 + 12 x – 3x2
So, g '(x) = 12 – 6x = 0  x = 2
y

(–2, 13) (2, 13)

x
–2 O 2

(5, – 14)
Graph of f (x) = 1 + 12 |x| – 3x2
Also, f(x) = g | x | = 1 + 12 | x | – 3x2
 global maximum of f (x) at (x = 2 or – 2) = 13
and global minimum of f (x) occurs at x = 5.
Note that f(5) = 61 – 75 = – 14.
Hence difference = 13 – (– 14) = 27.
d 2 y dy
63. Given, 9 + f "(x) + f '(x) = x2 + f 2(x) or 9+  = x2 + y2
dx  dx

dy d2 y d2 y
As, P be the point of maxima of f(x) so = 0 and 2 < 0 Þ x2 + y2 = 9 + 2
dx dx dx
2 2
So, P(x, y) will lie inside the circle x + y = 9.
Hence, no tangent is possible.

64 to 66.
Tangent to the curves are Y– f(x) = f ' (x) (X – x); y – g(x) = g ' (x) (X – x)
The two tangents intersect on y-axis f(x) – xf ' (x) = g (x) – xg ' (x)
f ' (x)  g' (x ) 1
 f (x) – g (x) = x{ f ' (x) – g' (x)}  =
f (x)  g(x) x
 log (f (x) – g (x) = Cx ....(i)
1
Normal to the two curves are Y – f(x) = (X  x )
f ' (x)
1
y – g(x) = (X  x )
g' (x)
The two normal intersect on x - axis x + f(x) f ' (x) = x + g(x) g'(x)
f(x) f ' (x) = g(x) g ' (x)
Integrating both sides f(x)2 – g(x)2 = C1
( f (x) + g(x)) (f (x) – g(x) = C1
C1
f(x) + g(x) = ......(ii)
Cx

382
 AOD

Solving equation (i) and (ii)

1 C 
 f(x) =  Cx 1  .....(iii)
2 Cx 
1  C1 
g (x) =   Cx  .....(iv)
2  Cx 
Satisfy (iii) by (1,1) and (iv) by (2, 3)  C = –2 and C1 = –8
2 2
f (x) = – x + and g (x) = + x.
x x

67 to 69.
67. y' = 4 ax3 – 3 bx2
= x2 (4ax – 3b)
y'' = 12ax2 – 6bx
= 6x (2ax – b)
Clearly (0, 0) will be point of inflextion and (3, – 27) is minima
so 4ax – 3b = 0 at x = 3 i.e. 12 a – 3b = 0 i.e. 4a – b = 0
b
also at x = 3 y = –27 putting we get a = 1 and b =4 so other point of inflextion is x = = 2 = c.
2a
so a = 1, b = 4 , c= 2, so a + b + c = 7 .

68. Putting a = 1 , b = 4 and c = 2 we get equation

as y = 2x3 – 9 Kx2 + 12 K2x + 1
so y' = 6x2 – 18 Kx + 12 K2
whose roots are K, 2K
Since we want x1 = x22 so K must be
+ve so at x = K we will get local max.
and at x= 2K we will get local min.
so x2 = K and x1 = 2K
Now x1 = x22
2K = K2
i.e. K=2  K = c = 2 (from question 1)
Also K = 0 rejected as x1, x2 distinct. so wer is (C)

69. putting a = 1, b = 4, c = 2 we get

dx dx
 ( x  1)8 / 7 (x  4) 6 / 7 =  6/ 7
2 x4
( x  1)  
 x 1 

x4 5
Put =t so dx = dt
x 1 ( x  1) 2

383
 AOD
1/ 7
1 dt 7 1/ 7 7  x  4 
so I =  6 / 7 = t =   +c
5 t 5 5  x 1 

70 to 72.
70. Since minimum occurs before maximum, so a < 0.
Also, a is root of x2 – x – 6 = 0  a = – 2.
Let g(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  g(x) = – 2x3 + bx2 + cx + d
So, g'(x) = – 6x2 + 2bx + c = – 6 (x + 2) (x – 2)  b = 0, c = 24.
 a + b + c = – 2 + 0 + 24 = 22 .

71. Clearly, the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, is – 2x2 + 0·x + 24 = 0

 x= ± 2 3,
so roots of above equation are opposite in sign.

72. Since, minimum and maximum values are non-zero, so both g(– 2) > 0 and g(2) > 0.
Now, g(– 2) > 0  d > 32
Also, g(2) > 0  d > – 32
Then, a = – 2, b = 0, c = 24 , d > 32
Hence, dsmallest positive integral = 33.

dy dy 1
73.  2,
dx
 Y
dx 1  x 
2

1 2 1 2 3
2= 2 = 1 x  , x  X
1 x 4 4

3  3 
x=  y = sin–1   2  = 
2   3
 3 2 3 
sin–1 x = 2x + c, c = sin–1 x – 2x = sin–1  2   2  3  3
 
 3  3 
c = sin–1 x – 2x = sin-1   2   2   2  = –  3 .
    3

74. Here f(x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1

 f '(x) = 6x2 – 18ax + 12a2
f ''(x) = 12x – 18a
for max. / min. value, 6x2 – 18ax + 12a2 = 0
 6(x – a)(x – 2a) = 0 = 0 Thus x = a, x = 2a
f ''(a) = 12a – 18a = –6a < 0
f ''(2a) = 24a – 18a = 6a < 0

384
 AOD

 f(x) ia max at x = a and minimum at x = 2a

 p = a and q = 2a
given that p2 = q so a2 = 2a
a = 2.

75. Since C2 is the reflection of C1 in the origin,

we have (x, y)  C1  (–x, –y)  C2
 (–x)2 – 13 (–x) + 4(–y) = 1
 x2 + 13x – 4y = 1

76. Proof: x3 + 1 = 5x2 + 5  x3 – 5x – 4 = 0

Let 3
f (x) = x – 5x – 4
f ' (x) = 3x2 – 10x = x(3x – 10)

0 2
10/3
hence f is decreasing in (0, 10/3)
 f (2) < f (0) < 0
hence no root in [0, 2] Hence proved ]

y y = f(x)
(–2,16)

–7/2 1
x
–2 5/2
77.

(1, –11)

7 5
m= ,n=
2 2
5 7
4(n – m) = 4    = 24.
 2 2

78. The degree of f(x) must be 4. So degree of f '(x) is 3

 f '(x) = k x (x – 1) (x + 1)

385
 AOD
By solving, f(x) = x4 – 2x2 + 4 y
Graph of y = f(x) :
4
For 4 distinct real solution : k  (3, 4). .] y=4
y=3

79. f(1)  f(1+) –1 1

x
5  –2 + log2 (b2 – 1)
27  b2 – 1
 1 < b2  129
   
b   129 ,  1  1, 129 
 bmax. = 11. .

80. As given g[f(x)] = x

 g' f x  . f '(x) = 1
1
 g' f x  = f ' ( x ) = x 2  x  3 ..........(1)

If upper limit of integration is x = 2 then f(2) = 0

 from equation g'f(2) = g'(0) = 22  2  3 = 3

81to83.
 f(x) be a odd cubic polynomial function,
 It must be of the form, f(x) = ax3 + bx
f ' (h )  2
Now, Lim  4 3
h
1 1
3
h
3

 1 
f '  = 2  3ax 2  b 1 2
 3 x
3
 a+b=2 ........(1)
f " (h )
 Lim  4 3
h
1 1
3

 1 
 f "   4 3  6ax 1 4 3
x
 3 3
 a=2 ..........(2)
from (1)
b =0
 f(x) = 2x3

386
 AOD

81. f '(x) = 6x2

 1 
f '  = 1.
 6
x
82. (x) =  e t f ( x  1  t ) dt
1

x x
x 1 t t
(x) =  e f ( t ) dt = ex + 1 e f ( t ) dt
1 1

x
'(x) = ex + 1 · e–x f(x) +  e  t f ( t ) dt · ex + 1
1

x
= e f(x) + ex + 1 ·  e  t f ( t ) dt
1
'(1) = ef(1) + 0 = 2e

83. gof(x) = x  x  R
 g is the inverse function of f.
g(2) = a  g–1(a) = 2  f(a) = 2  2a3 = 2  a = 1
g(16) = b  g–1 = 16
 f(b) = 16  2b3 = 16  b = 2.
2 16
  f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx = 2 × 16 – 1 × 2 = 30
1 2

x y
84. Let  =t  |t|2
y x
8k2 (t2 – 2) + 4kt – 15 = 0

 4t  16 t 2  32 ( t 2  2)  15  t  t 2  30 ( t 2  2)
k = =
2  8 ( t 2  2) 4 ( t 2  2)

 t  31t 2  60 15
= 2 =
4 ( t  2) 2  t  31t 2  60 
 

for t  2 f (t) = t + 31 t 2  60 is 
I
15 3
f (2) min
= 10  k= =
20 4 2 

387
 AOD
for t  – 2 f (t) is  and minimum occurs at t = – 2
D
15 5
f(–2) = 6  k= =
12 4 – –2

5
Hence kmax = =M
4
 100M = 125.

85. Let cos x = t, – 1  t  1

1 t
g(t) = ,–1t1
1 t  t2
 t ( t  2)
g '(t) = =0  t=0
(1  t  t 2 )
So, maximum of g(t) occur at t = 0.
maximum value = 1
cos2 x
Aliternatively: f (x) = 1  1
1  cos x  cos2 x
Hence f (x) ]max = 1 when cos x = 0

86.2 y
(A) f(x) = x4 + 2x2 – 6x + 2
f '(x) = 4x3 + 4x – 6 = 2(2x3 + 2x – 3)
f "(x) = 2 (6x2 + 2) > 0  f '  1 x
O 
 f ' is zero at only one point i.e. between 0 and 1.]
(B) f ' (x) = 5(x4 + 1) > 0 range of f is (– , ).
(C) f '(x) = nxn – 1 + a = 0  only one root.
(D) f '(x) = 3(x2– 1) = 3(x – 1) (x + 1) < 0.

dy dy 
87. Integrating = 3 x2  4x + A ;  =0
dx dx  x  1
A= 1
dy
Hence = 3x2  4x + 1 ; Integrating again,
dx
y = x3  2x2 + x + B ; yx  1
 B = 5. Thus y = x3  2x2 + x + 5
dy 1 139
Also = 0 given x = and x = 1 f(1/3) = ; f(1) = 5
dx 3 27
also f(0) = 5 ; f(2) = 7.

388
 AOD

88. Method I
 1   1 2   1 3   1 2 n 
 g(x) =   sin x  +   cos x  +   sin x  + ....... +   cos x 
2  2  2  2 
2 n
= – f(x) = n – f(x)
2
 g(x) will be maximum when f(x) will be minimum
 g(x)max + f(x)min = n = 2010 (given)
 n = 2010 ,

Method II
Let S(x) = sin–1x + sin–1x3 + sin–1x5 + ........ + sin–1 x2n–1
and C(x) = cos–1 x2 + cos–1x4 + cos–1 x6 + ...... + cos–1 x2n

 f(x) = S(x) + C(x) and g(x) = 2n ·   – f(x) = n – f(x)
2
Clearly S(x) is monotonically increasing and c(x) is m.i. in [–1, 0) and m.d. in (0, 1]
 C(x) will be maximum at x = 0 and minimum at x = ± 1
 f(x) = S(x) + C(x) will be minimum at x = – 1
  n
 f(x)min = S(x)min + C(x)min = n   +0=
 2  2
  n  3n
 g(x)max = n – f(x)min = n –  =
 2  2
2 n
 f(x)min + g(x)max = = n = 2010 (given)
2
 n = 2010 . ]

| x 2  10 x  9 |
89. =k
x
 ( x  1)(x  9)
if x  (, 1)  (9, )
| x 2  10 x  9 |  x
f (x) = =
x  ( x  1)(x  9)
 if x (1, 9)
 x
x (2 x  10)  ( x 2  10 x  9) 2x 2  10x  x 2  10x  9
f ' (x) = =
x2 x2
x2  9 ( x  3)(x  3)
= =
x 2
x2

389
 AOD
x2  9
 for x  (, 1)  (9,  )
 x2  in | x | 3 and  in | x | 3
 f ' (x) =
 9  x2
 for x  (1, 9)
x2
y

4
y=k

x
1 3 9

–16
y=k

From the graph (– , – 16]  [4, ) .

Aliter: For the given condition to be satisfied, the value of k must lie between the slopes of line OA and
OB.
For slope of line OA, y
– (x2 – 10x + 9) = kx must have equal roots. B
 (k – 10)2 – 36 = 0  k = 4, 16  k = 4
For slope of the line OB, A
x2 – 10x + 9 = kx must have equal roots (0,0)O
x
 (k + 10)2 – 36 = 0  k = – 4, – 16 (1,0) (9,0)
 k  [4, )  (– , – 16] .]

90. Let the 2 points on the curve be P  (a, a4 – 2a2 – a) and Q  (b, b4 – 2b2 – b)
dy
3 3
dx P = 4x – 4x – 1 = 4a – 4a – 1
equation of tangent line at P

390
 AOD

y – (a4 – 2a2 – a) = (4a3 – 4a – 1)(x – a)

 y = (4a3 – 4a – 1)x + (a4 – 2a2 – a) – a(4a3 – 4a – 1)
 y = (4a3 – 4a – 1)x – 3a4 + 2a2 ....(1)
|||ly tangent at Q is
y = (4b3 – 4b – 1)x – 3b4 + 2b2 ....(2)
given (1) and (2) is same line and hence
4a3 – 4a – 1 = 4b3 – 4b – 1 (equating slope)
i.e. a3 – b3 = a – b ....(3) and – 3a4 + 2a2 = – 3b4 + 2b2 (equating constant term)
i.e. 2(a2 – b2) = 3(a4 – b4) ....(4)
(3)  (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) = (a – b) (a  b)
 a2 + ab + b2 = 1 ....(5)
(4)  2(a2 – b2) = 3(a2 – b2)(a2 + b2)
2
 a2 = b2 or a2 + b2 =
3
Case-I: If a2 = b2
 a = – b (a  b)
put in (5) a2 = 1  a=±1
hence if a = 1, b = – 1  or vice versa

and if a = – 1, b = 1 
 P  (1, – 2); Q  (– 1, 0)
2
Case-II: If a2 + b2 = and a2  b2
3
1 1 2
from (5) ab   b= put in a2 + b2 =
3 3a 3
1 2 9a 4  1 2
 a2+ =  =
9a 2 3 9a 2 3
 4 2 2 2
9a – 6a + 1 = 0  (3a – 1) = 0
1 1
 a2 =  b2 =
3 3
 2 2
a = b which is not possible
 this case is not possible


91. Let f() = (1 – t) sin  + t tan  –  in  0, 
 2
f '() = (1 – t) cos  + t sec2 – 1
(1  t ) cos3   cos 2   t
f '() =
cos 2

391
 AOD

f '() =
 
t 1  cos3   cos2  1  cos 
= 1  
cos 3


 t  2
cos 2  

cos2  2  cos   cos   1
cos
 
 ve in 0,  2 

 
 
 1   1 

f '() =  t   = t 
2  2 
 sec   sec   1    1 3 
  sec   2   4 
   

2
 1 3 12 1 1
  sec      3 
2

 2 4 4  1 3 3
min
 sec    
 2 4 max

1
 If t  then f ' () > 0
3
 
 f    0,   f () > f (0) but f(0) = 0
 2
 
 f () > 0   0, 
 2

92. Slope of tangent at infinity ot y = f(x) is 1

3 3 2 
 xlim f ' (x ) = 1  lim  8x  mx  nx  = 1
 x   
1
Let x = , As x  , y  0+
y

 8 m n 3 8  my  n
lim 3    lim
 y 0  3 =1  =1
 y y 2 y  y0  y

1 1 
 my  3
n
83  1    
 8  2
 
 lim =1
y 0 y
By expion

392
 AOD

 1  2 
 m 1   ·   2
3 3   my  n
2 1  · y     ·   ....  
 8 3 2!  8  2
 
 lim =1
y 0  y

 n  m 2 
1  my 
2 1    · y     ....
 2  24 9 8  
 lim =1
y 0 y

n m
The above relation will be true if 1 = 0 and =1
2 12
1
 n = 2 and m = 12 m= n , m2 + n2 = 148, m + n = 14 and | m – n | = 10
6

93. Given curve is ax3 – y + b = 0  y = ax3 + b

Let point P1 be (t1, at13 + b)
dy
Slope of tangent = = 3 at12
dx P1
 Equation of tangent is
y – ( at13 + b) = 3 at12 (x – t1)
 Tangent meets curve at P2 (t2 , at23 + b)
 (at23 + b) – (at13 + b) = 3at12 (t2– t1)
 a (t23 – t13) = 3at12 (t2– t1)
 t22 + t12 + t2 t1 = 3 t12 (  t 1  t 2)
 2 2
t2 – t2 t1 – 2 t1 = 0
 (t2 +2t1) (t2 – t1) = 0
 t2 = –2 t1
Similarly t3 = – 2t2
 abscissae are in G.P. for all values of a and b.

94. If f (x) = | x –  | , then f ' () exists if  > 1, f '' () exist if  > 2 and f ''' () exists if  > 3
 f ''' (e) exists since  > 3
f ''' () does not exist since e > 3.

393
 AOD
2
Y
95. Clearly,  Min .  x   , cos 1

(cos x ) dx (, )
0

y=x , y = 2–x

1  2 2 2
= 2    = = k2 (Given)
2 2 2 X
O (,0) (2,0)
1
So, k  . .]
2
x 0 x x
96.  t f ( x  t ) dt =   ( x  t ) f ( t ) dt = x  f ( t ) dt –  t f ( t ) dt
0 x 0 0
y
x x
x
 (x + 1)  f ( t ) dt –  t f ( t ) dt  e  1 1/e2
0 0 x
O 1 2
x
x
  f ( t ) dt  f ( x ) (x  1)  x f ( x )  e
0

x
x
  f ( t) dt  f (x )  e
0
 f(0) = – 1, f(x) + f (x) = e–x.
 ex f ( x )  f (x )  1


x

d e f (x)
1

dx
 ex f(x) = x + c, f(x) = e–x (x + c)
f(0) = – 1  c = – 1, f(x)= e–x (x – 1)
f(x) = e–x (x – 1) satisfies the first equation and solution is done
x x
97.
f (t )
  e dt   g ( x  t )dt  2 x  3
a 0

x x
f (t )
  e dt   g ( t )dt  2 x  3 (Using King)
a 0
differentiate both sides, we get
ef(x) = g(x) + 2
 g(x) = ef(x) – 2
 g'(x) = ef(x) · f '(x)
 ef(x) is always greater than zero
 sing of g '(x) is same as sign of f '(x).
 sign of g'(x)

394
 AOD

+ – + – +
–1 –2 .................... 96 97 98 99 100
Clearly local extermum (maximum or minimum) will occur at
x = 99, 97, 95, ......., 3, 1.
 sum of all the values = 1 + 3 + 5 + ........ + 99
50
= [2 × 1 + (50 – 1) × 2] = 2500 = 5 ×500
2
 = 5. .

98. Consider  (x) = f (x)  2 g (x) defined on [0, 1] since f (x) and g(x) are differentiable for 0  x 
1, therefore  (x) is differentiable on (0, 1) and continuous on [0, 1]
 (0) = f (0)  2 g (0) = 2  0 = 2
 (1) = f (1)  2 g (1) = 6  2 g (1)
Now   (x) = f  (x)  2 g  (x)
  (c) = f  (c)  2 g  (c) = 0 (given)
  (x) satisfies Rolle's theorem on [0, 1]  (0) =  (1)
 2 = 6  2 g (1)
 g (1) = 2 ]

99. See graph y = f(x) = | | x2 – 4x + 3 | – 2 | y = m is a horizontal line with intersection points, from which
the x-values have different signs, only if m > 2.

1 2 3 4 5
2 3
100. f (x) =  4  x  3    4  x  1
2 2
   
Let 4  x2 = a  a  [0, 2] for x  [–2, 2]
f (a) = (a – 3)2 + (a + 1)3
f ' (a) = 3a2 + 8a – 3
 f ' (a) = 0  a = 1/3, – 3 (to be rejected) 35
 f (a) will be minimum at a = 1/3 and correspond x = ±
9
and f (a) will have maxima either at a = 0 or at a = 2
now f (0) = 10 and f (2) = 28
 f (a)|max = 28 corresponding to x = 0

395
 AOD
4
  3
101. I =  (c  sin x ) dx   (sin x  c) dx   (c  sin x ) dx
0 0 

 2   3 1
I = c  4     4 cos   
 3   2 y=c

 –  4
 2   3 3
I(a) = sin   4     4 cos   
 3   2 –3
2

I ' () = 0  a=
6
1
 c= .
2
x x
102. Given, f (x) = x  3 (3  4) dt  t t t
 3 ·t (3
t
 4) dt
0 0
For maxima / minima, we have
f ' (x) = 0
x
t t
  3 (3  4) dt  x ·3x (3x  4)  3x ·x (3x  4)
0

x
t t
 f ' (x) =  3 (3  4) dt
0

1
f ' (x) = 2 ln 3 (32x – 8 · 3x + 7)

1
f ' (x) = 2 ln 3 (3x – 1) (3x – 7) +ve – ve –ve + ve x-axis
0 log37
f ' (x) = 0  x = 0, log37
 x = log37 is the point of minima. sign scheme of f '(x)
log 3 7
Hence, 3a = 3 =7 .
x2  1 2 4x
103. f(x) = f(x) = 1 – 2 ; f (x) =
x2  1 1 x (1  x 2 ) 2
even function f (0) = – 1 O
it f ()  1
so it is a bounded function

396
 AOD

104 to 106.137-38-39/aod/QZ

 2  3x , 1  x  0
4
 1
ln (2 x  1), 0 x 3
 2
ln (2 x ), 1
 x 1 2
 2
f(x) =  3 1
ln (2 x  1), 1 x  ln 2
 2
ln (2 x  2), 3 –1 1/2 1 3/2 2
x2 Graph of f(x)
 2
0, x2
104. Range of f(x) is [0, ln 2) È (2, 5] 5
Integers in the range of f(x) are 0, 3, 4, 5.
 Number of integers in the range of f(x) is 4. 4
 (2x – 1)2

3
105. 4x2 – 4x + 1 – f(x) = 0
Þ f(x) = (2x – 1)2 2
Clearly, 1
y = f(x) and y = (2x – 1)2 meet ln 2

each other at 4 distinct points. –1 1/2 1 3/2 2

Graph of f(x)
106. g(x) = 3 – 2 f(3 – 2x)
Range of f(x) is [0, ln 2) È (2, 5]
Range of f(3 – 2x) is same as f(x)
Range of 2f(3 – 2x) is [0, 2ln 2)  (4, 10]
Range of – 2f(3 – 2x) is [–10, – 4) È (–2ln 2, 0].
Range of 3 – 2 f(3 – 2x) is [– 7, – 1)  (3 – 2ln 2, 3] .

107. We have f (x) = (b2 – 3b + 2) (cos2x – sin2x) + (b – 1) x + sin 2

 f '(x) = (b – 1) (b – 2) (– 2 sin 2x) + (b – 1)
Now, f '(x)  0 for every x  R,
so (b – 1) 1  2(b  2) sin 2 x   0  x  R
 b1
1 3   5
Also, > 1  b   , 2    2, 
2( b  2) 2   2
Now, when b = 2, f(x) = x + sin 2  f '(x) = 1 (  0).
3 5 3 5
Hence, b   ,   b1 = and b2 =
2 2 2 2
3 5 8
 (b1 + b2) =  = =4
2 2 2

397
 AOD
108 to 110.
(i) f (x) = 2x3 – 6x2 – 18x + a
f '(x) = 6x2 – 12x – 18 = 0
x = – 1, 3
3
So, f (x) is injective in x (– 1, 3) –1
in, x (0, 4), f (x) has minimum value at x = 3, then
f (3) 40
2 · 33 – 6 · 32 – 18 · 3 + a  – 40
– 54 + a – 40
a  14 h (x)

(iii) f '(x) = 6x2 – 12x – 18 (ii)

(iii)
g (x) = 6(x + 1) (x – 3) (i) –1 3
2 g(x)
h(x) = g  x  = 6 x  12 x  18
number of points where h'(x) does not exist are = 3

111 to 113.
y
2

1
2ln (  x  1),  e  1  x   2
 x
Clearly, g(x) = 0, 2  x  2 – e –1 –2 –1 O 1 2 e +1
2ln ( x  1), 2  x  e  1 Graph of g(x)
111. From above graph of g(x), range of g(x) is [0, 2] and g(x) = 0 in interval [–2, 2].
Also g(x) is an even continuous function.
112. Clearly, g(x) is non-differentiable at x = –2, 2.
113. Clealry, g(x) = k has exactly two distinct solutions, then integral value of k is either 1 or 2.
So, sum of all possible integral values of k = 1 + 2 = 3.

x
114. f(x) =  t (et - 1) (t - 1) (t - 2)3 (t - 3)5
1
f(x) = x (ex – 1) (x – 1) (x – 2)3 (x – 3)5 = 0
n = 0, 1, 2, 3
for x < 0, (–) (–) (–) (–) (–) < 0
x > 0 (+) (+) (–) (–) (–) < 0
x < 1, + + – – – < 0
x > 1, + + + – – > 0 n = 1 min.
|||y change]

398
 AOD

115. We have f ' (x) = (x2 – x + 2) (x2 – x – 2) (x2 – x – 6) (x2 – x – 12)

x 2  x  2) (x – 2) (x + 1) (x – 3) (x + 2) (x – 4) (x + 3)
= ( 
Always positive

+ – + – + – +
 
–3 –2 –1 2 3 4

 f(x) on (––3)(–2, –1) (2, 3)  (4, )

and f(x) on (–3–2)(–1, 2) (3, 4)
Also, f(x = –2) = 0 and f ' (–2) = 0
So, equation of normal is line x + 2 = 0
Note that f(x) has local maximum at x = –3, –1, 3.
So, sum of values of x at which f(x) has local maximum
= (–3) + (–1) + 3 = –1

116 f (x) = cot x – tan x – 2 tan 2x – 4 tan 4x – 8 tan 8x = 0

( cot x – tan x = 2 cot 2x)
h (x) = f (x) + g (x)
 n 
h (x) = x3 + 6x – 1, x  R –  , n  I
8 
(A) 2
h ' (x) = 3x + 6; h '' (x) = 6x
  
 h' '   =
 24  4
(B) 3
h (x) = x + 6x – 1 which is not an odd function.
(C) h ' (x) = 3x2 + 6 > 0  h (x) is increasing
(D) h (x) = , values of  in (0, 3) for which equation has a solution
if  (–1, 8) ]

117. f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c

f (–2) = – 8 + 4a – 2b + c = – 10
4a – 2b + c + 2 = 0 .....(1)
f ' (x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b
f ' 2 3 = 0

4  2 4 4a
3 · + 2a   + b = 0  + +b=0
9  3 3 3
 4 + 4a + 3b = 0 ....(2)
50
Also f 2 3 =
27

399
 AOD
8 4a 2b 50
This gives + + +c=
27 9 3 27
8 + 12a + 18b + 27c = 50
12a + 18b + 27c = 42
4a + 6b + 9c = 14 .....(3)
solving (1), (2) and (3) we get
a  1 , b  0 and c  2 .

1a
118. Let  (a
3
 
 4 x  a 5 x 2 )e ax dx = e ax [Ax 2  Bx  C]
1a
0
0
differentiate both sides
eax [– a5x2 + 4x + a3] = eax(2Ax + B) + a(Ax2 + Bx + C) eax
equating coefficient
aA = – a5  A  a 4

2a 4  4
aB + 2A = 4  B
a
aB – 2a4 = 4  aB = 4 + 2a4
2a 4  4 2a 4  4  a4  4
aC + B = a3  aC + = a3 – =
a a a

4  a4
 C
a2

A B 
e 2   C – C
a a 
A B
C(e  1)  2

a a
4
 a2 + ]
a2
y

xe x , x0 y=e

119. f(x) =  x
 xe , x0

–1 O 1
For maximam area a = e x

Graph of f(x)

400
 AOD

1

Amax = 2  e  xe x dx 
0


= 2 ex  (xe x  e x )  1
0
= 2 (e – 1)
Hence, [A] = 3. .

120.
f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x
f ' (x) = 3x12 – 6x1 + 3

y1  1
2
 x1  0 = 3x1 – 6x1 + 3 y

y1 = 3x13 – 6x12 + 3x1 + 1 (x1,y1)

(0,1)
 x13  3x12  3x1 = 3x13  6 x12  3x1  1 (1, 1)
x
2x13  3x12  1 = 0 O 1
(x1 – 1)2 + (2x1 + 1) = 0 (x2,y2)
1
x1 = 1 or x1 =
2
7
Hence m = 0 or m =
4
 7 
Angle = tan–1    m + n = 27 + 4 = 31 .]
4

121 to 123.
121. f (x) = e (p + 1)x – ex = ex(epx – 1)
f ' (x) = (p + 1) · e(p + 1)x – ex = 0
ex[(p + 1)epx – 1] = 0 (ex  0)
1
 epx =
p 1

f ' ' (x )  (p  1) 2 e ( p1) x  e x

 x 2 px
f ' ' (x )  e [(p  1) e  1]
  px 1 
f ' '  e    e x [(p  1)  1]  0
  p 1
 minima

401
 AOD
px = – ln(p + 1)
 ln (p  1)
x= [verify that f '' (x) > 0]
p
 ln (p  1)
hence x = sp = .(i)
p
t 1 t 1
122.  e 
px x x t x px
g (t) = ·e  e e e dx = et  (e  1) dx
t t
on integrating
t 1
 e px    e p ( t 1)   e pt   e pt (e p  1) 
g (t) = e  p  x 
t = et   p
 t  1    t  = et   1
 t     p   p 

(e p  1) ( p1) t
g (t) = e  et
p

(e p  1) ( p1) t
g ' (t) = (p +1) e  et = 0
p

(p  1)(e p  1) pt
 e =1
p
p
 ept =
(p  1)(e p  1)
p
 pt = ln
(p  1)(e p  1)
p p
1  ( p  1)(e  1)  1  ( p  1)(e  1) 
 t = – ln  p   tp = – ln  p 
p   p  

1  ( p  1)(e p  1)  ln ( p  1)
123. sp – tp = p ln p  p
 

1  ( p  1)(e p  1) 1  1  e p  1 
l
= p n ·  = p ln  p 
 p ( p  1)   
1p
 1 ( e p  1)   ep 1 
Lim 
hence sp – tp = p 0  p l n  Lim l n    1 form
 p  = p0  p 

402
 AOD

1  e p  1   ep 1  p  1
  =
Lim
 = p 0 p  p  1 Lim
 = p0  p 2  2 .
   
Alternatively for 123:

1  ( p  1)(e p  1)  ln ( p  1)
sp – tp = p ln p  p
 

1  ( p  1)(e p  1) 1  1  e p  1 
= p ln  p
· ln
( p  1)  = p  p 


 ep  p  1 
ln 1  
  ep  p  1 
 p  ·  ep  p  1  1
 Lim  Lim 1    = (special limit) ]
p 0  e p  p  1   p  = p 0   p 2  2
  ·p    
 p 
 

124. ax = x3 – 3x2 + 2x

a = x2 – 3x + 2
1 3/2 2
1
 a . –1/4
4 y=a

sin | x |
125. f '(x) = 2 x  0 , x = 0, n
(1  cos 2 x )
x = –, 0, , 2
Lim f ' ( x ) = positive quantity..
x  2 

Lim f ' (x ) = Negative, so maxima at x = 2.

x  2 

Lim f ' ( x ) = +ve, Lim f ' ( x ) = –ve, so maxima.

x   x 

Lim f ' ( x ) = +ve, Lim f ' ( x ) = –ve,  minima

x 0 x 0

Lim f ' ( x ) = +ve, Lim f ' ( x ) = –ve, maxima.

x    x  

x2 1 ( x  1) x
 x2 1 = 0
126. f(x) = ; f '(x) =
x 1 x2 1
2
(x – 1) x = x + 1  x = – 1
 f(–1) = – 1

403
 AOD
Lim f (x )  ; Lim f ( x )  – 
x 1 x 1

1 1
| x | 1
2  x 1 2
Lim x x –1
 1 ; Lim
x   1 x    1
x 1   x 1  
 x  x
y

1 x
–1 1
2
–1

The graph is
 1 
Range   ,  (1, )
 2 

127. At x=4;y=7
y2 = x2 + 33
2yy' = 2x
4
y' =
7
7
 mnormal =
4
7
equation is y – 7 = (x – 4)
4
y-intercept  x = 0 ; y = 7 + 7 = 14.

128. P(x) = k(x – 2)2 (x – 3)2 + 3

P(1) = 4k + 3 = 7
 k = 1  P(x) = (x – 2)2 (x – 3)2 + 3
 P(5) = 9 × 4 + 3 = 39.

129. Given, f (x) = cos3x (cos x – ), 0 < x < 

 f ' (x) = cos2x (– sin x) + (cos x – ) 2 cos x (– sin x)
 f ' (x) = cos x sin x (2 – 3 cos x) 0 < x < .

404
 AOD

so, f ' (x) = 0 gives

 2
cos x = 0  x = or cos x =
2 3
As, 0 < x <   – 1 < cos x < 1
2 3 3
 –1< <1  <<
3 2 2
But  = 0 (Rejected)

 3   3
So,  , 0    0, 
 2   2
Hence, 2 integral values of  exists i.e.  = – 1, 1.

g 2 (x)
130. Let h(x) =  3x 3  5
2
Now, h'(x) > 0  g(x) g'(x) > – 9x2
Now, integrate it.

x
 
131. Given, f(x) =  (cos t  2 sin t ) dt  f '(x) = (cos x – 2sin x) < 0, in x   ,  .
 2 
2

 
 f(x) is decreasing () function in  ,  .
2 

2
 
Hence, f  x   =  (cos t  2 sin t ) dt = 0.
 2 
2

132. f '(x) = 3x2 + 6(a – 7)x + 3(a2 – 9)

f '(x) = 3 [x2 + 2(a – 7)x + (a2 – 9)] .........(1)
for positive point of maxima, both roots of f '(x) = 0 be must be positive.
 sum > 0  – 2(a – 7) > 0
i.e., a–7<0
O
a < 7 and
Product, P > 0  a2 – 9 > 0  a > 3 or a < – 3 and D > 0
4(a – 7)2 – 4(a2 – 9) > 0
a2 – 14a + 49 – a2 + 9 > 0
58 – 14a > 0
29 – 7a > 0

405
 AOD
29
a< .
7 7

 29  –3 3
Hence a  (– , – 3)   3,  .
 7 
Largest natural value of 'a' = 4. . 29/7

133.\ f(x) f(y) + 2 = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy)  x, y  R – {0} ......(1)

1
Put y =
x
1 1
Hence, f(x) · f   + 2 = f(x) + f   + f(1)
x x
Now, put x = y = 1 in equation (1)
Hence, f(1) = 2
1 1
f(x) · f   = f(x) + f    f(x) = 1 + xn
x x
Given f '(1) = 3  n

134 to 136.
x
134. F (x) =  f ( t ) dt  F ' (x) = f (x)
0
for 0  x  1
x
x  t2 
F (x) =  (1  t ) dt = t  2 
0  0

x 1
F (x) = x – and F (1) =
2 2
for 1 < x  2
1 x
1
F (x) =  (1  t ) dt   0 dt =  0  F (x) is constant
0 1 2
for 2 < x  3

1 2 x x
1 2 1 ( x  2) 3
F (x) =  f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt   f ( t ) dt =  0   ( t  2) dt = 
0 1 2
2 0
2 3

406
 AOD

x2
x if 0  x 1
 2
 1
 F(x) =  if 1 x  2 ;
 2
 1 ( x  2) 3
 if 2x3
2 3

 5
135. range of F (x) from the graph 0, 
 6
1 3 1 3
1  x 2  1 1  (x  2)3  
136.  
Area =  F( x ) dx    F( x ) dx =   x   dx       dx
0
2 2 0
2  2 2  2  3  

1 3
 x 2 x3  1  x (x  2) 4 
=       
2 6
0
2 2 12 
2

1  1 1   3 1  
=          (1)
2  2 6   2 12  
1 1 7 6  4  7 17
=   = =
2 3 12 12 12

137. Given,
cos x x 1
2
g(x) = sin x x
2 2x
tan x x 1
= cos x (x2 – 2x2) – x (2 sin x – 2 x tan x) + 1 (2 x sin x – x2 · tan x)
= – x2 · cos x + 2 x2 · tan x – x2 · tan x
= – x2 · cos x + x2 tan x
 g(x) = x2 (tan x – cos x)
Also, g(0) = 0 and g '(x) = x2 (sec2x + sin x) + 2x · (tan x – cos x)
 g '(0) = 0
So, equation of normal drawn to g(x) at x = 0, is x = 0.

138. We must have

x 1 2
f (x) 3 x 2 = 0
5x 6 1
 x(3 – 6x2) – 1 (f(x) – 5x3) + 2 (6f(x) – 15x) = 0
 11 f(x) – x3 – 27x = 0

407
 AOD

x 3  27 x
 f(x) =
11
3x 2  27
 f '(x) = 0 xR
11

139. Three critical points A, B, C

y A

B C
x
O 1 3

dx dy
140. = a  cos  , = a  sin 
d d
dy
= tan 
dx
Equation of normal y – a (sin  –  cos ) = – cot  (x – a (cos  +  sin ))
 cos  x – sin  y = a
distance from origin = a
distance from (sin , cos ) = a]

141. f '(x) = (x2 – 1) · 2x – 1(x – 1)

f '(x) = 2x3 – 3x + 1 > 0  x  [1, 2]
4
4
( t  1)2 9 1
f ( x ) max  f (2)   ( t  1) dt = = =4]
2 2
2 2

 x sin t cos t 
142. x sin t – cos t = x2 1   
2
 x  1 x 2  1

= x 2  1 [sin t cos  – cos t sin ]

1
When = tan 1
x

= x 2  1 [sin (t – )
2
2
 I= x 1  | sin ( t  ) | dt
0

408
 AOD

 2  1 1 

2
I = x  1   sin  t  tan  dt 
 0  x  

 tan 1 1 
x 2
  1 1   1  
= x 2  1   sin  tan  t  dt   sin  t  tan 1  dt 
 0  x  1  x 
tan 1
 x 

 1 
tan 1 2
2  1
cos tan 1  t   x  1 1   
= x 1     cos  t  tan 
 x  0  x   tan1 
1
 x

  1 1    1 1  
= x 2  1  1  cos  tan   sin  tan   1
  x    x  

  x  1 
= x 2  1  2   2 
  x  1 

I = 2 x 2  1 – (x + 1) = f(x)
2x 1
 f '(x) = –1=0  x= which gives minima
1  x2 3

1 4 1
 f  =2 – –1= 3 – 1  (a + b) = 3 + 1 = 4. .]
3 3 3


a cos x  b sin x if 0  x  1 3
143. 
f (x) =  2 [. a = – ;b=– ]
 a cos x  b sin x if    x  0  3  3
2
for – /2 < x < 0
f ' (x) = – a sin x – b cos x ....(1)
and f ''(x) = – a cos x + b sin x ....(2)
since f (x) has a minima at x = – /3
hence f ' (– /3) = 0 and f ''(– /3) > 0
3 b
now f ' (– /3) = + a · – =0= 3a – b = 0
2 2

a 3 1
and – b·
f '' (– /3) = – =  [a + b 3 ] = – 2a > 0
2 2 2
hence a < 0 and b < 0

409
 AOD
2 0 2
2
now I=  f ( x)  dx = f
2
( x ) dx  f
2
( x ) dx
 2  2 0

0 2
2 2 2 2 2
=  (a cos x  2ab sin x cos x  b sin x) dx +  (a cos2 x  2ab sin x cos x  b 2 sin 2 x ) dx
 2 0

a 2 b 2
hence I = + + 2ab = 2
2 2

1 3
2 ( 3  ) a 2 = 2  a  and b .
 3  3

b
144. Let  f ( t) dt = g(x)
x
then in [x, b] where a < x b by LMVT
g(b)  g (x ) 0  g (x )
We have g’(c1) = =
bx bx
b
 g(x) =  f ( t ) dt = (b – x) g’(c1) = (b – x) f (c1) ....(1)
x

x
Similarly, for  f ( t ) dt = h(x),
a
in [a, x] where a x < b by LMVT we have
x

 f ( t) dt = (x – a) f (c2)
a

Where c2 < c1  x [a, b] ....(2)

 From equation (1) and equation (2) in given equation
f (x) = (x – a) (b – x) f (c1) + (x – b) (x – a) f(c2)
= (x – a) (b – x) {f (c1) – f (c2)}
 f (x) is monotonic
 f (c1) – f (c2) has a constant sign in [a, b]
Also (x – a) (b – x) 0  x  [a, b]
 f (x) must have the same sign  x  [a, b]
Also if f (x) be monotonically increasing
f (c1) – f (c2) > 0
 f (x) > 0  x  [a, b]

410
 AOD

and if f (x) be monotonically decreasing  x  [a, b]

then f (c1) – f (c2) < 0
 f (x) < 0  x  [a, b]

145 to 146.
145. Let g(x) =  p( x ) dx
= x(x8 – 3x5 – 5x3 + 15) + c
= x(x3 – 3) (x5 – 5) + c
Clearly f(0) = f(31/3) = f(51/5) = c
 Rolle's theorem is applicable on g(x) in intervals [0, 31/3], [31/3,51/5] and in [0, 51/5]
 y = x1/x has a local maxima at x = e
 0 < 51/5 < 31/3
 There exists at least one 'c', each in [0, 51/5] and in [51/5, 31/3] for which g'(x) = 0
i.e. p(x) = 0
 p(x) = 0 has at least two real roots in [0, 31/3]

146. Given f ''(x) = p(x)

 f '(x) =  p( x ) dx
f '(x) = x(x3 – 3) (x5 – 5) + c
 f '(1) = 8  1 (1 – 3) (1 – 5) + c = 8  c=0
 f (x) = x(x3 – 3) (x5 – 5)
 f '(x) = 0 has exactly three real roots.

147. Equation of tangent

Y – f(x) = f '(x) (X – x)

P(x, f(x))

A B
O

 f (x) 
A   x  , 0
 f ' ( x ) 
B  (0, f(x) – xf'(x))
1
Area of OAB, S(x) = × OA × OB
2

1  f (x )  1 (f (x )  xf ' (x ))2
 S(x) =  x   (f(x) – x(f'(x)) = 
2  f ' (x)  2 f ' (x)

411
 AOD

=
(5  (x  1) 2
 2 x ( x  1)  = 5  x
2 2
 2x  1  2 x 2  2 x 
2

=
( x 2  4) 2
4( x  1) 4( x  1) 4( x  1)

2( x  1)( x 2  4) ·2 x  ( x 2  4) 2
S'(x) = =0
4( x  1) 2
 4x2 + 4x – x2 – 4 = 0  3x2 + 4x – 4 = 0  3x2 + 6x – 2x – 4 = 0
2
 (x + 2) (3x – 2) = 0  x = ( 0 < x < 1)
3
80
 minimum value of S(x) =  (p + q) = 107 .
27

148.  Graph of y = g (x) is reflection ofgraph of y = f (x) with respect to line y = x.

g (x) is inverse function of f (x)
 (a, b) lies on y = f (x)
f (a) = b
gf (x )  = x  g ' f ( x ) f ' (x) = 1
1 1
 g ' f ( x ) = f ' ( x )  g' f ()  
f ' ( )
1
 g ' (b) =
3
1 670
g=  = 2010 .
3 
y
149. ln (x2 + y2) = C tan–1
x

 dy 
1  dy  1 x y
  2x  2 y  =C  dx 
x 2  y2  dx  y2  x2 
1  
x2  

 dy 
1  dy  Cx 2 x  y
 2 x  y  = 2 ·  dx 
x 2  y2  dx  ( x  y 2 ) 2
x

 dy   dy 
 2 x  y  = C  x  y
 dx   dx 
dy
 (Cx – 2y) = 2x + Cy
dx

412
 AOD

dy  2x1  Cy1 Tangent

 dx  A Cx1  2 y1 ;
=
A 
(x1y1)
y1
(but x = m)
1

2  5m
 M1 =
C  2m O
M2 = m
2  Cm
m  2  2m 2  2
 tan  = C  2m  tan  =  
2  =
 2m  Cm 2   C (1  m )  C
1   

 C  2 m 
Which is made independent of position of A. ]

150. f (x) = 3sinx – 4sin3x

f (x) = sin3x
  
f (x)  when 3x    , 
 2 2
  
x   , 
 6 6
2 
 Length of interval = =
6 3

151. We have f (x) = (b2 – 3b + 2) (cos2x – sin2x) + (b – 1) x + sin 2

 f '(x) = (b – 1) (b – 2) (– 2 sin 2x) + (b – 1)
Now, f '(x)  0 for every x  R,
so (b – 1) 1  2(b  2) sin 2 x   0  x  R
 b1
1 3   5
Also, > 1  b   , 2    2, 
2( b  2) 2   2
Now, when b = 2, f(x) = x + sin 2  f '(x) = 1 (  0).
3 5 3 5
Hence, b   ,   b1 = and b2 =
2 2 2 2
3 5 8
 (b1 + b2) =  = =4
2 2 2

413
 AOD

152. We have f (x) = 16  ( x  4) 2  1  ( x  7) 2 y

Now consider y = 16  ( x  4) 2
O(0, 0) x
 (x – 4) 2 + y2 = 16, y > 0 (4,0) (8,0)
is a semi circle with cenre (4, 0) and radius = 4.
y
|||ly y = 1  ( x  7) 2
O(0, 0) x
 (x – 7)2 + y2 = 1, y > 0 6 7 8
is a semi circle with centre (7, 0) and radius = 1
y

Now on combining the 2 figures, we have O(0, 0) x

4 6 7 8
f (x)max. = maximum vertical distance between the 2 curves which occurs when x = 6.
Hence f (x)max. = 16  (6  4) 2 – 0 = 12 .

Aliter: We have f(x) = 8x  x 2  14 x  x 2  48


= x (8  x )  (8  x )(x  6) = 8  x x  x  6 
 Domain of f(x) is [6, 8].

Now f(x) = 8  x x  x  6 
 1 1   1 
 f ' (x) = 8  x      
x  x  6  
2 x 2 x6 2 8x 

=

x 6  x  
8 x  x 
x  6  0  x  [6, 8]
2 x x 6 8 x

Clearly f(x) is strictly decreasing in [6, 8].

Hence f(x)max = f(6) = 2  
6  0 = 12 = 2 3 = m n
So m = 2 and n = 3
Hence (m + n) = 2 + 3 = 5

153. h(x) = f(x) – f2(x) + f3(x)

h(x) = f (x) – 2f(x) f (x) + 3f2(x) · f(x)
= f (x) [3f2(x) – 2f(x) + 1 ] always +ve 4 – 12 < 0
i.e. h(x) > 0 or <0
depends on wheter f (x) > 0 or f (x) < 0

154 to 156 :
Df = x  R – {x}
if x  f(x) = (x3 – 3x + 1)

414
 AOD

graph of y = x3 – 3x + 1

–2
–1 1 2

–1

as Range of x3 – 3x + 1 will be R untill we eliminate the value at . But it can be done only if value of
x3 – 3x + 1 at  is not given by any other value i.e.   [ – 2, + 2]
  (– , – 2)  (2, )
  – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2
 Lim f ( x )  [ 1, 3]  Lim f ( x )  ( ,  1)  (3,  ) .
x x

157 to 158.
157. Let g(x) =  p( x ) dx
= x(x8 – 3x5 – 5x3 + 15) + c
= x(x3 – 3) (x5 – 5) + c
Clearly f(0) = f(31/3) = f(51/5) = c
 Rolle's theorem is applicable on g(x) in intervals [0, 31/3], [31/3,51/5] and in [0, 51/5]
 y = x1/x has a local maxima at x = e
 0 < 51/5 < 31/3
 There exists at least one 'c', each in [0, 51/5] and in [51/5, 31/3] for which
g'(x) = 0 i.e. p(x) = 0
 p(x) = 0 has at least two real roots in [0, 31/3]

158. Given f ''(x) = p(x)

 f '(x) =  p( x ) dx
f '(x) = x(x3 – 3) (x5 – 5) + c
 f '(1) = 8  1 (1 – 3) (1 – 5) + c = 8  c=0
 f (x) = x(x – 3) (x5 – 5)
3

 f '(x) = 0 has exactly three real roots.

   
159. Domain of f(x) is  0,    ,  
 2 2 
1
Let f ( x )  where g( x )  sin x 1  cos x
g( x )

415
 AOD

d sin x sin 2 x  2(1  cos x ) ·cos x

 g' ( x )  g ( x ) = sin x ·  1  cos x ·cos x =
dx 2 1  cos x 2 1  cos x
2
2 cos x  sin 2 x  2 cos 2 x 1  2 cos x  3 cos x (1  cos x ) (1  3 cos x )
= = = 2 1  cos x
2 1  cos x 2 1  cos x
1
g'(x) > 0  cos x > ( 1 – cos x > 0)
3
1
and g'(x) < 0  cos x 
3
 1  1 
 g(x) increases on  ,   cos 1  and decreases on    cos 1 ,  
2 3  3 

1
 g(x) has a local maxima at x    cos 1 
3
1
 f(x) has a local maxima at x    cos 1 
3

1 1 3 3
 f(x)local min = = =
2 2 2 2 4 2
1  1 ·
1   · 1    3 3
 3  3

1
x
x4  x2 x
160. y= 6 3 = (taking x3 common)
x  2x 1 x  2  1
3
x3

1
x
y= x ....(1)
3
 1  1
 x    3 x    2
 x  x

 1
Let x   = t
 x
t dy
y= 3 ; = (t3 + 3t + 2) – t(3t2 + 3) = – 2t2 + 2 = 0  t=1
t  3t  2 dx

d2 y 

dx 2  t 1 = – 4t = – 4 < 0

416
 AOD

 maxima at t = 1
1 p
maximum value = =  p = 1 and q = 6
6 q
1
It occurs when t = 1  x– =1  x2 – x – 1 = 0
x
1 5 1 5
x= = as x > 1
2 2
 p = 1; q = 6; a = 1; b = 5; c = 2
 p + q + a + b + c = 15 .

Alternatively, after step -1

3
 1
using AM  GM between 3 positive quantities  x   , 1, 1 (x > 1)
 x
3
 1
 x   11 3 13
 x  1 
we have   x   
3  x  
3
 1  1
 x   + 2  3x  
 x  x

1  1
x x  
x  x 1
now 3  =
 1  1  1 6
 x    2  3 x   6 x  
 x  x  x

1 1
 maximum value = this occurs when x – = 1  same result
6 x
161 to 163.
sin x
161 g’ (x) = f (x) =
x
sign of g’(x) is (0, 4) will be
– + –
0  2 3 4
Clearly g’(x) changes its sign from positive to negative at  and 3. Therefore two points of local max.

162. Sign of g’(x) in (4, 10) will be

+ – + – + –
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Clearly g’(x) changes sign from negative to positive at 6 and 8. Therefore two points of min.

417
 AOD
x cos x  sin x
163 g”(x) = = f ’(x)
x2
g(x) will have point of inflection at points of local extremum of f (x)
 f ’(x) = 0 tanx = x
Clearly there will be 10 points between (10, 20).

164. If f (x) = | x –  | , then f ' () exists if  > 1, f '' () exist if  > 2 and f ''' () exists if  > 3
 f ''' (e) exists since  > 3
f ''' () does not exist since e > 3.

165. Put a = cos 

and b = sin 
b 1 sin   1
Hence E = = = f ()
a  b  2 sin   cos   2
For maxima / minima, f ' () = 0
 (sin  + cos  – 2)(cos ) – (sin  + 1)(cos  – sin ) = 0
 sin  cos  + cos2 – 2 cos  – sin  cos  + sin2 – cos  + sin  = 0
 cos2 – 2 cos  + sin2 – cos  + sin  = 0
 1 – 3 cos  + sin  = 0
 1 + sin  = 3 cos 
 (1 + sin )2 = 9 cos2 = 9 – 9 sin2
 10 sin2 + 2 sin  – 8 = 0
 5 sin2 + sin  – 4 = 0
 5 sin2 + 5 sin  – 4 sin  – 4 = 0
 (sin  + 1)(5 sin  – 4) = 0
4
 sin  = – 1 or sin  =
5
Now value of E, when sin  = – 1 is 0.
4 4
 1 1
4 sin   1 5 5
and value of E when sin  = is = or
5 sin   cos   2 4 3 4 3
 2  2
5 5 5 5
9 9
i.e E = or
3 9
4 3
Hence E]minimum = – 3 when sin  = and cos  =  u=–3
5 5
Hence, u2 = 9 .

418
 AOD

1 1
166.  f ' (x2) =  f ' (x) = , x>0
x x
 f(x) = 2 x + c (c = integration constant)
 f(1) = 1  c=–1
 f(x) = 2 x – 1, x > 0
and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R
 g ' (– cos2x) = cos2 x + p
 g ' (x) = p – x,  x  [– 1, 0]
x2
 g(x) = px – +k (where k = integration constant)
2
1 1
 g(–1) = 0  0 = – p – +k k= +p
2 2
x2 1
 g(x) = px – + +p
2 2

2 x  1 , x0
 2
 h(x) =  x 1
px    p , 1  x  0
 2 2
 At x = 0
L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
1 3
 –1= +p  p=
2 2
Hence 2p = – 3
 Absolute value of 2p is 3

167. Consider  (x) = f (x)  2 g (x) defined on [0, 1] since f (x) and g(x) are differentiable
for 0  x  1, therefore  (x) is differentiable on (0, 1) and continuous on [0, 1]
 (0) = f (0)  2 g (0) = 2  0 = 2  (1) = f (1)  2 g (1) = 6  2 g (1)
Now  ' (x) = f ' (x)  2 g ' (x)
  ' (c) = f ' (c)  2 g ' (c) = 0 (given)
  (x) satisfies Rolle's theorem on [0, 1]
  (0) =  (1)
 2 = 6  2 g (1)
 g (1) = 2

419
 AOD

2 2
168. f  (x) = 0  x  or x  
3 3
2 2
 2  4 2  2  4(3  1)
now f 
2
 
  3 and f   
 3  9  3  9 3

4(3 2  1) 2 4( 2  3) 2
now g() = 
93 9
3
4 4 (  2  1) 3 4 
2
 2 2 2 2
= 3 (3  1)   (  3) =
9 9  3
 1
    
9 
32
9
]

169 to 171.
Y – y = m (X – x)
X = 0, Y = y – mx
given y – mx = y – 1
1
 m= (x, y)
x
dy 1 (0, y –1)

dx x
 y = ln x + c
x=1;y=0;c=0
 y = f(x) = ln x
x
171. g (x) = ln x

ln x  1
g ' (x) =
ln 2 x
 in (0, 1)  (1, e)
 Only one integral value. ]
172. Let g(x) = f f f x 
 g'(x) = f ' f f x  f ' f x  f '(x) > 0
 g(x) is strictly increasing function and g(1) = f f f 1 = f f 1
= f(1) = 1
 g(x)  1  x  [1, )  (x2 – 2x – 2)  1  (x – 1)2  0
1 1
 = 1
x 2  2x  2 ( x  1) 2  1
1
 f f f x  =  x=1
x 2  2x  2
 sum of all the solutions = 1. Ans.

420
 AOD

173. f(x) = 2x3 – 21x2 + 78x + 24.

f ' (x) = 6(x2 – 7x + 13)
 f ' (x) > 0 x R
 f(x) is increasing function
Now, f(f(f(x) – 2x3)) f(f(2x3 – f(x)))
 f(f(x) – 2x3) f(2x3 – f(x))  f(x) – 2x3 2x3 – f(x)  f(x) 2x3  7x2 – 26x – 8 0
 2 
 x   , 4 . Ans.]
 7 
174 to 176.
From above information, we must have
f(x) = a (x – 4)3 + b (x – 4) ; a, b  R and a  0.
and f '(4) = 0  b = 0, hence f(x) = a (x – 4)3
 f(x) = a(x – 4)3
2018 2018
3
174. Let I =  f (x ) dx =  a ( x  4) dx
 2010  2010
Put (x – 4) = t  dx = dt
2014
So, I =  at
3
dt = 0  (B) is correct.
 2014
175. We have, f(x) = a(x – 4)3, a  0
1
y3
y = f(x) = a (x – 4)3    + 4 = x
a
1
x3
 f –1(x) =   + 4
a

 1   1 
  x 3     x 3 
Now, f –1(x) + f –1(–x) =     4       4  = 4 + 4 = 8,  x  R.
 a    a  
   
So, f –1(2) + f –1(–2) = 8  (D) is correct.

176. As, f(x) = a(x – 4)3

So, f '(x) = 3a (x – 4)2
5
Given f '(10) = 20  36 × 3a = 20  a =
27
5
Now f '(–2) = 3 × × 36 = 20  (C) is correct.]
27

421
 AOD

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
177. f (x) = 2 3 4  ......  31
x x2  2 x x2  2 x x2  2 x x2  2 x x2  2

1 1
= 1  2  3  4  .........  30  31
x x2  2

1 1 1 1 2
= (– 15 + 31)  x x 2  2 = 16  x x 2  2 = 16(x – x – 2)
x x
(i) g (x) =  f ( x  t ) dt =  f ( t ) dt
0 0
 g ' (x) = f (x)
g ' ( x )  0  f (x )  0  x 2  x  2  0  x  (,  1)  (2, )
 g ' ( x )  0  f ( x )  0  x  (1, 2)

 g (x) is increasing in x  (– , – 1)  (2, ) and g (x) is decreasing in x  (–1, 2)
+ – +
 for x  [1, 3] g (x) is minimum at x = 2 x-axis
–1 1 2 3
2
2  x3 x 2 
g (2) = 16  ( x  x  2) dx =  3  2  2 x 
2 16
0  0

8 4  8   160
= 16    4  = 16   6  = Ans.
3 2  3  3

(ii) f (x 2 )  k
4 2
 16 x  x  2  k
36
× × × × × ×
1 –1 32
2 O 2
– 32 O
Graph of | f (x2) |
– 36

Graph of f (x2) is
f (x2) = 16(x4 – x2 – 2)
1
f ' (x2) = 16(4x3 – 2x) = 0 ; x = 0, ±
2
| f (x2) | = k has six different solution
So, k  (32, 36)
 (a + b) = 68 Ans.

422
 AOD

178.
(a) f(x) = (1 + b2) x2 + 2bx + 1
 2b b
Minimum value of f(x) whould occur when x = 2 =
2(1  b ) 1  b2
Minimum value of f(x) = m (b)

( b) 2 2b 2
 m(b) = (1 + b2) – +1
1  b  2 2 1  b2

 b2 1
m(b) = 2 +1= as and varies m(b) would vary from (0, 1] as and varies from (– , ).]
1 b 1  b2

179. f '(x) = 2 2 x ln (2x )  2x   x ln x  x 

= 4x ln (2x) – x ln x – 3x


= x ln (16x 4 )  ln x  3 
 
f '(x) = x ln (16x 3 )  3 
Now, f '(x) > 0  ln (16x3) > 3
4
 16x3 > e3  23 x>e
– +
e 0 e
 x> 4
x 4
23
23
e
Clearly, f(x) has a local minima at x = 4 . Ans.
23
1
180. Slope of the normal at P(x, y) 2
dy dx = x y y
dy 1  dx y2 1 (0, 1)
 = 2  y dy = 2   C
dx x y x 2 x
at x = – 2, y = 1  c=1
y2 1 2
  1  y2 = + 2 = f2(x)
2 x x x
(–1,0)
2 
y = x f2(x) = x   2  = 2 + 2x, Area bounded by y = 2x + 2 and coordinate axes
x 
1
A= × 1 × 2 = 1 Ans.
2

423
 AOD
1/ x
f (x) Limit ln 1  f (x) 
181. D=1+ 3 =2
x x0  x3 
 f(x) have co-efficient of x3, x2, x and constant term zero in order that the limit may exist.
f (x )
Limit 1 . f (x)
x x3
= ln e x  0 = Limit
x0 4 =2
x
a x 6  bx 5  cx 4
= Limit
x0 4 = 2  c = 2.
x
Hence f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + 2x4
f  (x) = x3 (6 ax2 + 5 bx + 8)
f  (1) = 0 and f  (2) = 0 gives 6a + 5b + 8 = 0 and 24 a + 10 b + 8 = 0
2 12
 a= ; b=
3 5
2 6 12 5
 f(x) = x  x + 2 x4
3 5

Sol.182 to 184
Let P(x) = (ax + b) (x – 2)3 – 1
P '(x) = (ax + b) 3(x – 2)2 + (x – 2)3.a
P''(x) = 3[(x – 2)2.a + (ax + b)2(x – 2)] + 3a (x – 2)2
P'''(x) = 3[2a(x – 2) + 2(ax + b).1 + 2(x – 2).a] + 6a (x – 2)
P''''(x) = 3[2a + 2a + 2a] + 6a
P''''(2) = 24 24a = 24 a = 1
P'''(2) = 3.2 (2a + b)
–12 2a + b = –2
 b = –4
P(x) = (x – 4) (x – 2)3 – 1

182. P''(1) = 3(1 + 6) + 3 = 24

4
183.  (x  4)( x  2) 
3 Put x – 2 = t  dx = dt
 1 dx
0

 t 
3
( t  2)  1 dt
2

2 2

 t   
4
 2 t 3  1 dt = 2  t 4  1 dt
2 0

2
 t5   32  44
 2   t   2   2  =
5 0  5  5
184. P(x) = (x – 4) (x – 2)3 – 1
P'(x) = (x – 2)3 · 1 + (x – 4) 3(x – 2)2

424
 AOD
(x – 2)2 (x – 2 + 3x – 12)
y
(x – 2)2 (4x – 14)
7
P'(x) = 0  x = 2,
2 31 |P(x)|

7 43/16
For x> P(x) is 
2
7
For x< P(x) is 
2 2 3 4 x
O 7/2
3
7 7  7  –1
P   =   4   2 – 1
 2 2  2 
 1 27  27  16  43 –43/16
= –1 = =
2 8 16 16
| P(x) | = 
43
=
16
  = 3. Ans

     
185 y = tan   x   – tan  x   + cos  x  
2 6  6  6

     
= – cot  x   – tan  x   + cos  x  
 6  6  6

           
y = cot    x    – tan    x    + cos    x   
  6    6    6 

let –x– =z
6
5   5
as – x– ; –x ;
12 3 3 12
    
–x–   z  , 
6 6 4 6 4
1
and y = cot z + tan z + cos z = + cos z = 2 cosec 2z + cos z
sin z ·cos z

 
as both the functions are decreasing in  , 
6 4

hence ymax occurs when z =
6

425
 AOD

    1 3 11 3
y   = cot  tan  cos = 3   = Ans.
6 6 6 6 3 2 6
186 Given cos 1 cos 2 – cos 3 ..... cos n = sin 1 sin 2 ..... sin n
y = (cos ) (cos 2) ...... (cos n) (sin 1) (sin 2) (sin 3) .... (sin n)
[M-1] y2 = (cos 1) (cos 2) .... (cos n) (sin 1) (sin 2) ... (sin n)
1
y2 = (sin 21) (sin 21) ... (sin + n)
2n
1 1
 y 2max =  ymax =
2n 2 4/ 2

1  tan 2 1
[M-2]  (1 + tan2)1/2 = tan 1
2
 1 + tan21  2 tan 1 sec 1 sin 2 .... sin n  24/2
sec21  2tan 1
sec22  2tan 2
1
sec2n  2tan n  cos 1 cos 2 ..... cos n 
2 n/ 2
1 2
187 A= x sin  ... (1)
2
A
x2 x
l2 = + x2 – 2 · · x cos  
4 2
x x
5x 2
= – x2 cos  M l
4
4l2 = x2 (5 – 4 cos ) B C
2
4l ·sin 
2A =
5  4 cos 

4l 2 ·sin 
 f() = .
5  4 cos 

188 AD = 2l cos from ABD

 x = AD cos = 2l cos2
Perimeter = 2l + 2l – 2x + 2AB
2l – 2x
= 4l – 2x + 4l cos B C
P() = 4l (1 – cos2 + cos)
 P'() = 4l (2cos sin – sin) = 0
 2cos sin = sin  0 or 
A  D
1
 cos = x 2l – 2x x
2
  = /3 = 60°
 Perimeter is maximum when  = 60° Ans.

426
 AOD

189 Equation of the fixed circle x2 + y2 = 1 ....(1)

equation of the variable circle is (x – 1)2 + y2 = r2 .....(2)
solving (1) and (2) 2 2
x + y – 2x + 1 = r 2

2  r2
2 – 2x = r2  2x = 2 – r2  x=
2

(2  r 2 ) 2
substituting in (1) + y2 = 1
4
4  r 4  4r 2 4  4  r 4  4r 2
or y2 =1– =
4 4

r 2 (4  r 2 ) r 4  r2
y2 =  y=
4 2

ry r 2 4  r 2
Hence area of QSR = =
2 4

r 4 (4  r 2 )
f (r) = A2 =
16
1 r3
f ' (r) = [16r3– 6r5] (16 – 6r2)
16 16

16 8 2
r2 = =  r= 2
6 3 3
1
f " (r) = [48r2– 30r4]
16
1  8 64 
f " (r ) r 2 8 3 =
16  48  3  30  9  < 0  f (r) is maximum
 
64 4  (8 3)  4 4 16
A2 = =  =
max 9 16 9 3 27
4
Amax = Ans.
3 3

427
 AOD
190. f '(x) = x2 – 2x
+ – +
x 3 0 2
f(x) = – x2 + c
3
f(2) = 0
8
 –4+c=0
3
4
c=
3
x3 4
f(x) =  x2 
3 3
Minimum ordinate will be at x= 2
8 4
 f(2) = –4+ =0
3 3
 point (a, b) = (2, 0)
a + 6b = 2 Ans.
x
191. y
Given, f(x) = ex · e · f ' ( y) dy  ( x 2  x  1)e x ..........(1)
0
differentiating both the sides
x
 
f '(x) = ex · e–x · f '(x) + e x  e  y · f ' ( y) dy – x 2  x  1 e x  e x 2 x  1 
0
x

f '(x) = f '(x) +  e x  y ·f ' ( y) dy  e x x 2  x 
0
x
0 = f(x) + (x2 – x + 1) ex – ex (x2 + x) [Substituting x y
e f ' ( y) dy = f (x) + (x2 – x + 1) ex from
0
(1)]
f(x) = ex (x2 + x – x2 + x – 1)
f(x) = ex · (2x – 1)  f(1) = e.
Also, f '(x) = ex · 2 + (2x – 1) ex  f '(1) = 2e + e = 3e
and f '' (x) = 2ex + (2x – 1)ex + 2ex
 f '' (1) = 2e + e + 2e = 5e.
Hence f(1) + f '(1) + f '' (1) = 9e  k = 9. Ans.

192. Given, 7 sin 3x – 2 (3 sin 3x – 4 sin3 3x) = (1 + tan2 ) + 4 (1 + cot2)

Put, sin 3x = y, we get
y (8y2 + 1) = 9 + (tan  – 2 cot )2
L.H.S. min occurs
minimum value = 9
when y = – 1 and minimum value = – 9.
maximum occurs when y = 1 and maximum value = 9 when tan2  = 2
Hence maximum of L.H.S = minimum value of R.H.S.

428
 AOD
 
 sin 3x = 1 = sin  x= (minimum positive root).
2 6
  3  
or sin 3x = sin    x= (maximum negative root).
 2  2
    3 2
Sum =    .
6 2 6 3
15
Hence,


(minimum positive root)  (maximum negative root) 
 15   2 
=     = 10 Ans.
  3 

Sol 193 to 195

193. a = 1
f (x) = 8x3 + 4x2 + 2bx + 1
f ' (x) = 24x2 + 8x + 2b = 2(12x2 + 4x + b)
for increasing function, f ' (x)  0  x  R
1
 D0  16 – 48b  0  b
3
194. if b = 1
f (x) = 8x3 + 4ax2 + 2x + a
f ' (x) = 24x2 + 8ax + 2 or 2(12x2 + 4ax + 1)
for non monotonic f ' (x) = 0 must have distinct roots
hence D > 0 i.e. 16a2 – 48 > 0  a2 > 3;
 a > 3 or a < – 3
 a  2, 3, 4, .......
sum = 5050 – 1 = 5049 Ans.

195. If x1 , x2 and x3 are the roots then log2x1 + log2x2 + log2x3 = 5

log2(x1x2x3) = 5
x1x2x3 = 32
a
– = 32  a = – 256 Ans.
8

–e2 –e e e2
x

196. 2
–3e
4
–e

Graph of f (x)
Now, verify alternatives.

429
 AOD

197. f2(x) · g(x) = 20 – 3x2

L.H.S. is increasing and R.H.S. is decreasing in [0, )
 exactly onereal roots. Ans.

y
2x
e
198. Let f (x) =
x2
y = y9 = 9
2e 2 x x  1
 f ' (x) =
x3
So, we get 2
(0, e )

e2 x x
9 x=1
x2
Clearly f (x) = 9 has three solutions.

199. f(6) > 0, f(3) < 0, f (2), f(4) will be of opposite sign. f(1), f(5) will be of opposite sign.
Following 4 possible are as

(1) x (2) x
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

(3) x (4) x
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of possible roots 1, 2, 3, 4.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Hence,  n(A)  10 . Ans.
200. f '(x) = x4 – bx3 + (b + 1) x2 – bx + b
= (x4 – bx3 + bx2) + (x2 – bx + b)
= x2 (x2 – bx + b) + (x2 – bx + b)
= (x2 + 1) + (x2 – bx + b)
f ' (x) > 0  x R
x2 – bx + b > 0  x R
 < 0  b2 – 4b < 0
b (b – 4) < 0 0  b  4 Ans.

430
 AOD

x
201. f(x) =  (2t  a) dt
1/ 2
f '(x) = 2x + a .... (1)
1 a
Now, f(x) = x2 + ax – –
4 2
 1  1
f (x) = 0   x 2   + a  x   = 0
 4  2
 1   1 1
  x   a   x   = 0  x = , –a – 1
 2   2 2 2
1  1
So, f '  · f '  a   = 1
2  2
 (1 + a) (–1 – a) = –1
 (a + 1)2 = 1  a = 0, –2.
 a12 + a22 = 4. Ans.

202.
(A) Given f ' (x) – 2 f (x)  0 ....(1) and f ' (x)  0 ....(2)
from equation (2), f (x) is an increasing function  x  0  f (x)  f (0)  f (x)  0
....(3)
d
from equation (1),
dx
 
f (x ) e 2x  0

 
 f ( x ) e 2 x is decreasing function  x  0
Hence f ( x ) e 2 x  f (0)  0
Hence f (x)  0 ....(4)
From (3) and (4), f (x) = 0

(B) f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2x

f ' (x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b + 5 sin 2x
hence 3x2 + 2ax + b – 5  3x2 + 2ax + b + 5 sin 2x  3x2 + 2ax + b + 5
For f (x) to be strictly increasing f ' (x) > 0
 3x2 + 2ax + b – 5  0  x
 D0  a2 – 3b + 15  0

(C) Let f (x) = x1/x.

f (x) is increasing in (1, e) and decreasing (e, ) and hence maximum value of f (x) occurs at x = e
 f (x)  f (e)  x  1
 x1/e < e1/e
Hence xa  ax  x  (1, )
 a=e

431
 AOD

x f ' (x )  f ( x )
(D) g ' (x) = for x > 0
x2
Now given f ' (x) is an  function for x > 0.
x x
f (x) =  f ' ( t )dt <  f ' ( x ) dt
0 0
hence f (x) < x f ' (x)
 g ' (x) > 0  x > 0
hence g (x) is an  function.

x 4 x3 x3
203. f ' (x) =  = ( 3x  4)
4 3 12
f '' (x) = x3 – x2 = x2(x – 1)
for x < 0, f ' (x) > 0 and
x > 0, f ' (x) < 0 hence at x = 0, we have maxima
Also f '' (0) = 0 when x = 1 and x = 0 but at x = 1 only we have an inflection point

204.
1
(A) Tr =
4nr  r 2
2n
1 1 2n
1
L = nLim

 2 = Lim
n
 2
r 1 4nr  r n 
r 1 4r  r 
 
n n

2 2
1 1
=  = dx
0 4x  x 2 0 4  x  22
2
x 2
1  
= sin   
 2 0 2
(B) On the contrary assume  two points x1, x2 in (a, b)
such that f ' (x1) = f ' (x2) = 0. By Rolle's theorem on f ' on [x1, x2]
  c  (x1, x2) such that f '' (c) = 0. This is contradiction to given f ' (x) is zero at atmost one
point.

(C)  f (–x) = – ax7 – bx5 – cx3 – dx + 2

 f (x) + f (–x) = 4
putting x = 3, we get
f (3) + f (–3) = 4
 f (3) = 1
 f (3) + 3 cos2x + 4 sin2x = 1 + 3 + sin2x
= 4 + sin2x
 0  sin x  1
2  4  4 + sin2x  5

432
 AOD

 Range of f (x) will be [4, 5]

tan 1 x
(D) f (x) = ln(1 + x) –
1 x

1 1 tan 1 x
f ' (x) = – 
1 x (1  x )(1  x 2 ) (1  x ) 2

x 2 (1  x )  (1  x 2 ) tan 1 x
= >0 x>0
(1  x ) 2 (1  x 2 )

tan 1 x
 f ' (x) > f (0)  ln(1 + x) >
1 x

205. Let f(x) = x1/7

f (5)  f (3)
Apply LMVT in [3, 5], f '(a1) =
53
1 6 7 f (5)  f (3)
 a = , a1  (3, 5)
7 1 2
Again LMVT in [7, 9]
f ( 9)  f ( 7 ) 1  6 7 f ( 9)  f ( 7 )
f '(a2) =  a2 = , a2  (7, 9)
79 7 2
67
f ' (a1)  a 2 
 
f ' (a 2 ) =  a1  >1

 f '(a1) > f '(a2)  f(5) – f(3) > f(9) – f(7)

 f(5) + f(7) > f(3) + f(9). Ans.
Aliter: f(x) = x1/7 – (x – 2)1/7 and f '(x) < 0 in [5, 9].
x 1
xt
206. f (x) =  e dt   e t  x dt
0 x Y

x 1
x t x t
f (x) = e e dt  e e dt (0, e – 1) (1, e – 1)
0 x
2(e – 1)
f (x) = ex(1 – e–x) + e–x(e – ex) X
 f (x)= ex + e1 – x – 2 O
x
1
x=1
2
f ' (x) = ex – e1 – x = 0
Graph of y = f(x) in [0, 1]
1
 x=
2
f '' (x) = e + e1 – x > 0  minima
x

f (0)  e  1
f (1)  e  1  Maximum value

433
 AOD

1
 
f   = 2 e  1  Minimum value.
2

208. f (x) = 2x3 – 3(k + 4)x2 + 18(k + 1)x

f ’(x) = 6x2 – 6(k + 4)x + 18(k + 1)
f ’(x) = 6(x2 – (k + 4)x + 3(k +1))
f ’(x) = 6(x – 3) (x – (k + 1))
x = 3, k + 1
then k +1 3 k  2

209. f '(x) = 3x2 – 3 = 3(x2 – 1).

f(– 1) · f(1) = (1 – 3 + sin–1 (a2 – 3a + 2)) (–1 + 3 + sin–1 (a2 – 3a + 2) < 0
 (sin–1 (a2 – 3a + 2) – 2) (2 + sin–1 (a2 – 3a + 2) < 0
 
always negative always positive
but 2
– 1  a – 3a + 2  1

2 2
 3  5
 a      0

 2  2 

  3  5    3  5  
a a   2  a   2    0
      

3  5 3  5 
 a  2 , 2 
 

3  5 3  5 
 a   2 , 2  , a = 1 Ans.
 

210. Let the point of intersection of curves y2 = 2ax (a > 0) and xy = 4 2 be P(x1, y1).

dy  a
Now, y2 = 2ax  = = m1 ... (1)
dx  P ( x y1
1 , y1 )

Also, xy = 4 2

dy   y1
  = m2 ... (2)
dx  P( x x1
1 , y1 )

As, m1 × m2 = –1  x1 = a ...(3)

434
 AOD
4 2
As, x1y1 = 4 2  y1 =
a

 4 2
So, P  x1  a , y1  

 a 
Also, Point P must satisfy
y12 = 2ax1
32
= 2a2  a4 = 16  a = 2 Ans.
a2
Sol. 211 to 213

We have g(x) = x3 + g''(1) x2 + {3g'(1) – g''(1) – 1}x + 3g'(1) [12th, 08-11-2009, P-2]
Let g'(1) = a and g''(1) = b then g(x) = x3 + bx2 + (3a – b – 1) x + 3a
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
 g'(x) = 3x2 + 2bx + (3a – b – 1)
Put x = 1  g'(1) = 3 + 2b + 3a – b – 1
 a = b + 3a + 2  2a + b = – 2 .... (1)
g''(x) = 6x + 2b
Put x = 1
g''(1) = 6 + 2b  b = 6 + 2b  b = – 6 .... (2)
 From equation (1), we get a = 2
 g(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x + 6
Given f(x) = xg(x) – 12x + 1 = x4 – 6x3 + 11x2 – 6x + 1
= (x2 + 1)2 – 2x2 + 11x2 – 6x3 – 6x
= (x2 + 1)2 – 6x (x2 + 1) + (3x)2
f(x) = (x2 – 3x + 1)2 = {h(x)}2 (Given)
 h(0) = 1
 h(x) = x2 – 3x + 1

211. f(x) = (x2 – 3x + 1)2

3 5 3 3 5
 f ' (x) = 2(x2 – 3x + 1) (2x – 3) = 0  x = , and
2 2 2
sign scheme for f '(x) will be

+ +
3/2 3 5
3 5
2 2

3 3 5
Clearly f(x) has local maxima at x = and local minima at x =
2 2

 f(x) has exactly one local maxima and two local minima.

435
 AOD
212. We have g(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x + 6
 2 1
g'(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 11 = 3(x – 2)2 – 1 = 3 ( x  2)  
 3

 1   1 
 g'(x) > 0  x    , 2    2 ,   and g'(x) < 0
 3  3 

 1 1 
 x  2  ,2 
 3 3

 1   1 
 g(x) monotonically increases for x   , 2    2 ,
 3  3 

 1 1 
and monotonically decreases for x   2  ,2 
 3 3
For x  [1, 3]
g(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) + 12
 g(1) = 12 and g(3) = 12
 By Rolle's theorem in [1, 3] we have, g'(c) = 0
1
 c=2± (both  (1, 3) )
3
 There exists two distinct tangents to the curve y = g(x) which are parallel to the chord joining
(1, g(1)) and (3, g(3))
For x  [0, 4]
g(0) = 6 and g(4) = 18
 By LMVT
18  6
g' (c) =  3c2 – 12c + 11 = 3
40
2
 3c2 – 12c + 8 = 0  c = 2 ± (both  (0, 4) )
3
 There exists exactly two distinct Lagrange's mean value in (0, 4) for y = g(x).
2
 3 5
213. We have h(x) = – 3x + 1 =  x   
x2
 2 4
The curve y = h(x) is an upward parabola, intersecting x axis at two distinct points.
 h(x) has exactly one critical point (i.e. the vertex) and no any point of inflection.
3 5
Also h(x) = 0  x = ± (both  (0, 3) )
2 2
 h(x) = 0 has exactly two distinct real zeroes in (0, 3).
Every quadratic function has exactly one tangent on x-axis or parallel to x-axis.

436
 AOD
Sol 214 to 216

214. Let g(x) = e–x f(x) I

g
g'(x) = e–x (f '(x) – f(x)) > 0  x R
x0 x
 g(x) is increasing or R
x
 g(x) > g(x0)  x  x 0  e–x f(x) > e 0 f (x 0 )
 
0

 f(x) > 0  x  x 0 [given f (x0) = 0]

x2
5 x 
215. k= 2
ex

x2 y = k (k > 0)
5 x 
2
Let f(x) =
ex (0, 5)

f '(x) =

 x2  8  <0
2e x
 f(x) is a decreasing function  x
Lim f (x )  0 and Lim f ( x )   also f(0) = 5
x  x 
Hence graph of f(x) is as shown
and f(x) = k has exactly one root.
x1
216. g'(x) = 3x2 – 2(9 – a) x + 3 (9 – a2)
x2
Since, x1 and x2 are opposite sign.
 Product < 0
Product of roots 9 – a2 < 0
a2 > 9  a  (– , – 3)  (3, )

Sol 217 , 218

(lnx )20 
217. f (0) = Lim f ( x ) = Lim (lnx ) · x20 30 = Lim  
x0 x 0 x 0 x 30 

20(lnx )19 1 20 (ln x )19

= Lim =– .......... so on
x 0  30 ·x 31 x 30 x 30

hence Lim f ( x ) = 0 = f (0)

x0
 f is continuous at x = 0 with f (0) = 0 Ans.
now f ' (x) = x29 20 (ln x)19 + (ln x)20 · 30 · x29

437
 AOD
= (ln x)19 · x29 · 10 [2 + 3 ln x] = 0
this gives x = 0 which is rejected
or ln x = 0  x = 1
2
2 
3
or ln x = –  x= e
3

218.
2 3
if x< e then f ' (x) > 0
2 3
x> e then f ' (x) < 0
2 3
hence x = e gives local maxima and x = 1 gives global minima i.e. 0.

dx e t dy 2 dx e dy
219. = ; = 3 – . At t = 1, then x = e, y = 3, = , = 1.
dt 2 t dt t dt 2 dt
2 2
Hence, the slope of the tangent line is , hence equation of tangent line is y = x + 1.
e e

220. f (x) = 2x3 – 3(k + 4)x2 + 18(k + 1)x

f ’(x) = 6x2 – 6(k + 4)x + 18(k + 1)
f ’(x) = 6(x2 – (k + 4)x + 3(k +1))
f ’(x) = 6(x – 3) (x – (k + 1))
x = 3, k + 1
then k +1 3 k  2

221. f(x) = x2 ln x
1
f '(x) = x2 · + ln x · 2x
x
= x (1 + 2 ln x) x > 0
 1   1
f(x) is increasing in  e 2 ,   and decreasing in  0, e 2 
   
   
1
1
 1
 f (x )  e ln e 2 =– =p
min 2e

 1
 ln | 2p | = ln 2   = – 1. Ans.
 2e 

438
 AOD

222. f (x) = ln | x |  kx 2 = 0

ln | x |
 k=
x2
ln x
Consider g(x) = , x>0
x2
 
g (x) is increasing in 0, e and decreasing  e,  
y

1
y=
2e
x
–e –1 1 e

Sol : 223 - 225

 2 2  2 b
f f ( x )  = a3  x  (2  b) x  2b    x  ( 2  b) x  2 b  , a0
 a a
Now, we shall consider 3 cases:
Y
(x = 5, y = 2)
 2
Case I: When x2 – (2 + b)x +  2b   =0
 a O(0,0)
5 5 X
  32  (2,0) x = 5 (8,0)
 2 + b = 10  b = 8  0, 
9 

2 2 2
Also, 2b – = 25 16 – 25 =  a =
a a 9 2
Graph of f(x) = (x –2)(x – 8)
 2 b 9
Let, D = discriminant of  x  (2  b) x  2b 
 a 

 b 48
= (2 + b)2 – 4  2b   = (2 + 8)2 – 8 × 8 + = 100 – 64 – 144 < 0
 a  2/9
2 2
So, f(x) = (x – 2) (x – 8) = (x – 5)2 + 2
9 9
b
Case II: When x2 – (2 + b)x +  2b   = 0
 a
5 5
 2 + b = 10  b = 8

439
 AOD

8 8
 16 – 25 =  a=
a 9
 2 2
Let D' = discriminant of  x  ( 2  b) x  2b  
 a
 2
= (2 + b)2 – 4  2b  
 a
8
= (2 + 8)2 – 8 × 8 + = 100 – 64 – 9 > 0. So, above case is rejected.
8/9
 2  b
Case III : When, x2 – (2 + b)x +  2b   = 0 and x2 – (2 + b)x +  2b   = 0
 a  a
5 5 5 5
But, it is not possible for any real value of a and b. So, this possibility is also rejected.
2
 We conclude that f(x) = (x – 2) (x – 8)
9
223. From above graph of f(x), we can say that the maximum value of f(x) is 2 and
attained at x = 5.
224. Let the line passing through O(0, 0) be y = mx.
2
 Solving y = mx and y = (x – 5)2 + 2 ; we get
9
2
mx = (x – 5)2 + 2  9mx = –2(x2 – 10x + 25) + 18
9
2x2 + (9m – 20)x + 32 = 0
As, y = mx is tangent line, so put D = 0
36 4
(9m – 20)2 = 4 × 2 × 16  (9m – 20) = ±16  9m = 20 ± 16 m = ,
9 9
4
 m = 4, Ans.
9
5
5 5
2   2  (x  5)3 
225. 2
 f (x ) dx =   9 ( x  5)  2  dx = 9  3  2 + 6
2 2

2
= (0 + 27) + 6 = – 2 + 6 = 4 Ans.
27

226.
11x
(A) Given f (x) = x 3 
3
f (b) 11
we have = f ' (b) = 3b2 –
b3 3

440
 AOD

11b  2 11   3 11b 
 b3 – = (b – 3)  3b    f (b)  b  
3  3  3 
11b 11b
or b3  = 3b3 – – 9b2 + 11
1
3 3
or 2b3 – 9b2 + 11 = 0
9 11
 b = 2
; b = – 2
  b   b = 10 Ans.
a 1
2 2 2
(B) Let I (a) =  e  ( x 1) dx  I '(a) = e a  e (a 2)
a 1

Now, for maximum or minimum value of I(a), we must have

I '(a) = 0
2 2 2 2
 e  a  e  ( a 2 )  e ( a  2 )  a  1  e 0
 (a – 2)2 – a2 = 0  – 4a + 4 = 0  a =1
2 2
Also, I" (a) = – 2a e  a  2 e  (a 2) (a  2)
2 2
= 2 (a  2) e ( a  2)  a e  a 
 
 2  4

Clearly I"(a = 1) = 2  e 1  e 1 = 2  
=
 e  e
<0

So, I (a) will be maximum for a = 1 Ans. y

dy x 1
(C) We have e 1  y = ex
dx 4 x – 4y = 1
O x
1 1
x1 = – ln 4 and y1 = e– ln 4 = 
e ln 4 4
 1 1
Equation of 'l' is  y   = (x + ln 4)
 4 4
 4y – 1 = x + ln 4 .....(1)
Put y = 0 in equation (1), we get
x = – (1 + ln 4) = – ln (4e)
 1 
= ln   = – ln (4e)
 4e 
 k = 4.

441
 AOD

Sol : 227 - 229

227. Let A = B =  and C =  – 2
 tanA = tanB = tan  and tan C = – tan 2

x>3 3

3 3

–1 1 3
x
– 3 O

–3 3

 2 tan  – tan 2 = k
2 tan 
2 tan – k
1  tan 2 
 1 
as k = 2 tan 1  2 
 1  tan  

2 tan 3 
k= , if tan  = x  R
tan 2   1

2x 3
then y= 2 and y = k
x 1

dy
=
 
2 x 2  1 3x 2  x 3 · 2 x  =
2x 2 ( x 2  3)
dx (x 2  1) 2 ( x 2  1) 2

dy
Hence = 0  x = 3 or – 3 or 0
dx
At x = 0 , we have inflection point.

442
 AOD

2x 3
Graph of y =
x 2 1

For the graph at is clear that for k > 3 3

there exist 2 isosceles triangles. (k  negative)
for k = 3 3  k < 0
There exist one isosceles triangle the negative k
there is two isoscles triangle.

230.
(A) f "(x) > 0  x  R  f '(x) is a strictly increasing function hence f '(1) > f '(0),
but given f '(0) = f '(1) = 1
Which is not possible.
(B) f "(x) > 0,  x  R  f '(x) is increasing
O
f '(1) > f '(0) which is true.
 such a function is possible.
(C) f "(x)  0  f '(x) is increasing and y = f(x) must be concave up.
Since f(x)  100 for all x > 0 which means that a function always
100
concave up and increasing should also be asymptotic to a line y = 100
which is not possible. (think !)
O fig. (C)
f ' (0) = 1 is not possible
(D) Exists
(0,1)
consider f(x) = ex
O

443
 MOD
Questions

d y 2 p
01 The value of if x2 – y4 = 6, is to
q
(p and q in lowest form). Find (p + q).
dx 2
3
(A) – (B)
y 07 Let f(x)
7
16 y 3x
  x 1
x
n(sec x) 
y  3x 4
2 y  3x 2 = x  (cot x)sin x  (sec x)cos ec x  .
(C) (D)  x2 
4
2y 4y 7
Find the value of Lim f ( x ) .

x 0
x  2  x2  5  5
02 Lim
x 2 2 equals 08 Let f(x) = log2 x 3  x 3  x > 0, then the
3x  2  4x  5x  23  9
derivative of f –1(x) with respect to x at x = 9 is
p 27 2
to (p and q in lowest form). Find (p + q). (A) (B*)
q 2 27
1
03 For the curve sin x + sin y = 1 lying on the first (C) 27 (D)
27
 d2y
quadrant, if Lim x · exists and has the x  x 2  1  1
x 0 dx 2 09(mcq) If f(x) =  2 d  x 2  and f(2) = 2 and
non-zero value equa to L, find the value of  


2 f
gr(x) = f (f (......f ( x )....)) i.e. g1(x) = f(x),
 
  . r  times
L
g2(x) = f(f(x)) and so on then identify the correct
statement(s).
04 Let y = f (x) be an infinitely differentiable
function on R such that d
(A) g
dx (3n  2 )
(x)  1 
n
d y whenever exists, n  N
f (0)  0 and 0.
dx n d
(B) g ( x )  = 1
dx 3n
at x  0 for n  1, 2,3, 4
whenever exists, n  N
If
100
f (4x)  af(3x)  bf(2x)  cf(x)  df(0)
Lim 4
 g3r ( x) r  x  101
x0 x Lim r 1
(C) x 1 = 5050
exists, then find the value of x 1
(25a + 50b + 100c + 500d).
(D) Slope of the tangent to the graph of the
05 If (f(x))3 = 3x2 – x3 and 1
function y = g80(x) at x = is 4.
2
nx 2
f (x) + = 0, then the value of 'n' is
(f (x)) 5 10. If y = y(x) and it follows the relation
(A) 1 (B) 2
 dy 
(C) 3 (D) 4 x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0. Then    
 dx   1, 
 2

x  2  x2  5  5 equals
06 Lim equals (A) – 1 (B) 1
x 2
3x  2  4x 2  5x  23  9 (C) ln 2 (D) – ln 2
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 MOD
11 Statement-1:
( x )  (4  x )
x 2
x x 3
x 4 5 value of xLim is equal to
Let f(x) = x +    and
2 sin( x  2)
2 3 4 5
(A) 0 (B) 1
g(x) = f –1(x). The value of g "(0) is equal
to 1. (C) 2 (D) 4
Statement-2:
If the inverse functions f and g are defined 15. Let f : R  R defined by f(x) = x3 + 3x + 1
y = f(x) and x = g(y) and if f ' (x) exists and and g is the inverse of f then the value of
g"(5) is equal to
 f " (x )
f ' (x)  0 then g '' (y) = . 1 1
f ' ( x) 3 (A) (B)
6 36
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
1
statement-2 is correct explanation for (C) (D) None of these
216
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for 16 Two continuous and differentiable functions f(x)
statement-1. and g(x) are related as
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
 g( x )  4
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.  , x2
f(x) =  x  2
k , x2
12. For a function f(x) =
If equation of tangent to the curve
ln 1  1  x 2    1  x 2  ln x  y = f(x) at x = 2 be y = x + 3 then find the value
    of f(2) + f ' (2) + g(2) + g '(2) + g''(2)
where 0 < x < 1, the value of f '(x) is
17 Find the value of
1 x 1 x2  1 x2
(A) (B)
x 1  x2 x  
 sin 1 x 2010  x 2010  cos 2010 x

Lim   .
(C)
x
2 (D) None
x 0

ln 1  x 2010

1  sin 2010

x tan 2 x
1 1 x

 1  cos x 
13. Let f : R  R be defined as f(x) = x3 + 2x2 18 Let y = cos x · ln   – (a cos x + 2)
 1  cos x 
 x  where a is a constant then for non-zero 'y'.
+ 4x + sin   and g be the inverse function
 2 
d2 y dy
of f, then g'(8) equals  cot x
2
Find the value of dx dx .
1 y
(A) (B) 9
9
Paragraph for question nos 19 to 21
1
(C) (D) 11 Consider a function y = f(x). Let the
11
functional rule for y = f (x) is same as the
functional rule for the height h (dependent
14. If f(x), g(x), h(x) are three polynomial
variable) of a triangle ABC from the vertex A
functions of degree two and
to the base BC (where angle A is
f ( x ) g( x ) h ( x ) independent variable). The triangle ABC is
(x )  f ' ( x ) g' (x ) h ' ( x ) , then the inscribed in a circle of radius 6 and the area
f " ( x ) g" ( x ) h" ( x ) of the triangle ABC is 12. 445
 MOD
19 The least value of f(x) is equal to 1

1 24. Lim e
x 
 11x
 7x  3x is equal to
(A) (B) 2
2
(C) 4 (D) 6 11 3
(A) (B)
3 11
4
20. If g (x) = f (sin–1x) then g'   is equal to 3 11
5 11
(C) e (D) e3
 25  25
(A) (B)
4 8 1

25.  
 . The value of x
25 25 Let f(x) = 2x  x  2 log10 2 x  x

(C) (D) for which f ' (x) vanishes may be

8 4
1
1  (A) 1 (B)
21 If h(x) = sec–1  f (x )  then 2
2 
3
(C) (D) 3
2
 
  x
2h( x) 2 
e  2e  sin x
Lim is equal

x  
 h ( x ) cos x 26. Let f(x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + 5. If
2
f (x)  e x  e2 for all x  0 and if the
to
maximum value of 12a  4b  c is l, then
1
(A) (B) 2
2 [l] is equal to
(Note: [y] denotes greatest integer less than
or equal to y)
3
(C) (D) 0 (A) 4 (B) 5
2
(C) 6 (D) 7

22. Let f(x) be a differentiable function in

27. If the function f ( x )  2  e  x and
[– 1, ) and f (0) = 1 such that
g(x) = f –1(x), then the value of g '' (1) is
t 2 f (x  1)  (x  1)2 f (t ) equal to
Lim  1.
t  x 1 f (t)  f (x  1) (A) – 1 (B) 0
ln f ( x )   ln 2  x100 x2
Find the value of Lim .   2  
x 1 x 1 28. Lim  x   cos   equals
x   e  x 
 
23. Find the absolute value of the limit, (A) e–1 (B) e–4
–2
(C) (1 + e ) (D) e–2
(x 1) 2x 1  (x2  2009) 3 3x 1  2008
Lim .
x0 x cos 6x  6 cos 4 x  15 cos 2 x  10
29 If y = ,
cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x
dy
then =
dx
(A) 2 sinx + cosx (B) –2sinx
(C) cos2x (D) sin2x
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 MOD
30. Let x1, x1, x1 , x2, x3, x4, ............., x8 be 10 37. If f(x) = ln (1 + x2) + tan–1x, x > 0 and
real zeroes of the polynomial g(x) = f–1(x) then
P(x) = x10 + ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c  R. If 

p find the value of 27g" ln 2e 4 

the value of Q(x1) = where p and q are  
q  
coprime to each other, where g(x) denotes second derivative of g(x).
Q(x) = (x – x2) (x – x3)....... (x – x8) and
1 38. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree three with
x1 = , then find the value of p + q. f(2) = 1, f  (2) = 1, f (2) = 2 and f(2) = 6
2
then
(A) f(0) = –5 (B) f  (0) = 9
31. Let f : (– 3, 3)  R be a differentiable function
(C) f (0) = –10 (D*) All A, B & C are
with f(0) = – 2 and f '(0) = – 1.
correct
and g(x) = f (3f ( x )  6)3 . Then g'(0) is equal
to 39. If y = x5 cos(ln x )  sin(ln x )  , then find the
(A) 0 (B) 9 value of (a + b) in the relation x2y2 + axy1 +
(C) 36 (D) – 36 by = 0.

32. If x2– y2 – 2x = 1, then

(A) yy" + (y' )2 = 1 (B) yy" – (y')2 = 1
(C) yy" + (y')2 + 1 = 0 (D) yy" – (y')2 +1 = 0
  x  2 x  40. If f(x) = sin–1 3x  2  3x  x  2x , x
33. If the value of the limit Lim x  e    
x    x 1    
   
  0,  and gof(x) = x  x   0, 
 12   12 
ae a
equals where is a rational in its lowest
b b 
then find the absolute value of 100 g   .
form, find the value of (a4 + b5). 3
Note : {y} and [y] denote fractional part
Paragraph for question nos. 34 to 36 function and greatest integer function
Let f : R  R be a differentiable function such respectively.
that f (1) = 1, f (2) = 20, f (– 4) = – 4,
f ' (0) = 0 and f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + 41. Let f(x) = tan
3xy(x + y) + bxy + c(x + y) + 4  x, y  R,
where a, b, c are constants.   
 sin cos1  sin(cos1 x)   cos sin1  cos(sin1 x) , 
34 The value of (b + c) is equal to x  (0, 1)
(A) 8 (B) 9
(C) 10 (D) 11  
and g(x) = tan x, x   0,  , then find the
 2
35 Number of solutions of the equation
f(x) = x3 + 4ex is equal to d f ( x ) 
(A) 0 (B) 1 value of at x = .
d g( x )  6
(C) 2 (D) 3
1
36. If f (x)  mx2 + (5m + 1)x + 4m  x  0, then 42. If h (x) is inverse of g (x) and g ' (x) =
the maximum value of m is equal to 1  x3
(A) 1 (B) – 1 then h '' (x) is equal to
(C) 0 (D) 2
 3h ( x )2  3h (x ) 2
(A) (B)

1  h ( x ) 3
3
 
1  h ( x ) 3
2

447
 MOD
 3h ( x ) 2 dy
(C) =
1  h(x)  3 dx


(D) 3h 2 ( x ) 1  h 3 ( x )  y  x1 x2 x3 xn 
    ... 
x  x1  x x 2  x x 3  x xn  x 
43. If g(x) = f –1(x) and f(x) = x3 + 2x + 2, then the
positive x-coordinate c of g(x) for which g'(c) 48(mcq) If f(x) is a cubic polynomial such that f(0) + 2
1 = 0 and f "'(0) = 6 and f(x) = 0 posses three
= , is positive integral roots then
5
(A*) f '(1) = 0
(B) 2f '(0) + f "(0) = 0
44. Two continuous and differentiable functions f(x)
(C*) 2f '(0) + f "(0) = 2
and g(x) are related as
(D) f '(2) = 0
 g( x )  4
 , x2
f(x) =  x  2  x 
k , x2 49. Let g(x)= f   where f(x) is a differentiable
 f (x) 
If equation of tangent to the curve y = f(x) at
positive function on (0, ) such that
x = 2 be y = x + 3 then find the value of
f(1) = f '(1) Determine g'(1)
f(2) + f ' (2) + g(2) + g '(2) + g''(2)
50. If a differentiable function f(x) satisfies a
45. Let f(x) = 2tan–1x and g(x) be a differentiable
functional rule f(x) + f(x + 2) + f(x + 4) = 0
function satisfying
 x  R and
 x  2y  g ( x )  2g ( y ) f '(12) = 4 then find the value of
g   =  x, y  R
 3  3 2 2
f ( x  12)  f ( x ) f (0)  f ( x  6) f (18)  f (18)
and g'(0) = 1 , g(0) = 2. Lim
x0 
x   tan 1 (1  x ) 

Find the number of integers satisfying 4 
f 2 g( x ) – 5 f g( x ) + 4 > 0
where x  (– 10, 10). x 3 , x 1
51. Let f(x) =  2
px  qx  r, x  1
46. Let A, B, P be the points the curve y = ln x If f "(x) exists  x  R then the value of
with their x coordinates as 1, 2 and t | p | + | q | + | r |, is
respectively Lim cos BAP is (A) 5 (B) 6
t 
(C) 7 (D) 8
(A) 1  ln 2 2 (B) ln 2 1
 x 2  sin x  x
1 1 52. Lim   equals

(C*) 2 (D) 1  ln 2 x 
 x  sin x 
1  ln 2
(A) 0 (B) 11
(C) e (D)
e
x1 x2 . x
47 If y= 1+ x  x + ( x  x )(x  x ) + 53. Let f be a real valued function satisfying a
1 1 2
 
x3 . x 2 relation 3f(cos x) + 2f(sin x) = 5x  x  0, 
+..... upto (n + 1)  2
( x  x1 )(x  x 2 )(x  x 3 ) and g be the inverse of f then the absolute
terms then prove that

448
 MOD
1
  2  
 2 g'    f (x)
value of   3   , is 55. Lim equals

x g( x )
3 
  (A) 1 (B) 0
 
(A) 5 (B) 7 1
(C) (D) 2
(C) 9 (D) 11 2
f ' ( x )  f " ( x )
Paragraph for question nos. 54 to 56 56. Lim equals to ( > 0)
x  g ' ( x )  g" ( x )
Let f, g, f1, f2 : R  R be twice differentiable
function, and f(x)  0, f ' (x)  0, g' (x) > 0 (A)  (B) 0
xR (C) 2 (D) 1

Also Lim f1 ( x )  5 , Lim f 2 ( x )  12 , 57. Let g(x) is the only invertible function from R
x x
 R which satisfy the equation
Lim f ( x )   , Lim g( x )   g3(x) – (x3 + 2) g2(x) + (2x3 + 1) g(x) – x3 = 0.
x x
The value of g'(8) · (g–1)' (8) is
f ' (x ) f (x)
and  f1 ( x ) = f2 (x)  x > 0.
g' (x) g (x )
(Also f '(x) and g '(x) are continuous).
g ' (x )
54 Lim
x   f ' (x )
equals

(A) 0 (B) 2
1
(C) 1 (D)
2

449
 MOD

Answer Key

1. D 2. 38 3. 18
4. 300 5. B 6. 38
1
7. 8. B 9. BD
2
10. A 11. D 12. B
13. C 14. A 15. B
16. 7 17. 335 18. –2
19. B 20. B 21. A
22. 1 23. 2007 24 D
25. C 26. D 27. C
28. D 29. B 30. 6
31. C 32. A 33. 113
34. A 35. B 36. B
37. 4 38. D 39. 17
40. 25 41. 6 42. D
44. 17 45. 8 46. C
48. AC 49. 0 50. 32
51. C 52. B 53. A
54. D 55. D 56. C
57. 16

450
 SOLUTIONS MOD
2
d2 y  dy 
or cos y 2 = sin x + sin y   = sin x
01 y4 = x2 – 6 dx  dx 
dy dy x 2
4y3 = 2x y3 =  cos x 
dx dx 2 + sin y  
 cos y 
2
d2 y  dy  1
y3 2
2 + 3y dx
 =
2
d2 y
dx   cos3y = sin x cos2y + sin y cos2 x
dx 2
2
3
d2 y  x 
2  1 d2 y sin x (1  sin 2 y)  sin y (1  sin 2 x )
y 2 + 3y  3 = =
dx  2y  2
dx 2 (1  sin 2 y) 1  sin 2 y
d2 y x2 1 Using sin x + sin y = 1
y3 2 + 3y2
6 =
dx 4y 2
d2 y
=
d2 y 3x 2 1 dx 2
y3 + =
dx 2 4y 4 2 
sin x 1  (1  sin x )
2
  (1  sin x ) (1  sin 2
x)
Lim
d2 y
x0
1 3x 2  1  (1  sin x )  1  (1  sin x )
2 2

y3 = –
dx 2 2 4y 4
sin x (2 sin x  sin 2 x)  (1  sin x ) (1  sin 2 x)
=
d2 y 2 y 4  3x 2 (2 sin x  sin 2 x) 2 sin x  sin 2 x
y3 =
dx 2 4y 4
sin 2 x ( 2  sin x )  1  sin 2 x  sin x  sin 3 x
=
d2 y 2 y 4  3x 2 sin x  3 2 2  sin x  3 2
 2 = Ans.
dx 4y 7
d2 y sin 2 x  sin x  1
=
02 Using L'Hospital's Rule dx 2 sin x  3 2 2  cos x  3 2
1 x d2y  x
 Lim x = ·
2 x2 x2  5 x 0 dx 2 sin x  3 2
Lim
x 2 3 8x  5

2 3x  2 2 4 x 2  5x  23 sin 2 x  sin x  1
2  sin x  3 2
1 2 1 2 38
  11 p 3
= 4 3 = 4 3 = 12 = for non-zero existence of limit  =
= 2
3 21 3 3 9 27 q
 
4 14 4 2 4 3
(if a > then limit will be zero)
 p + q = 38 Ans. 2
1
03 Given sin x + sin y = 1 and L=
2 2
dy
cos x + cos y =0 .......(1)  3 2 2
dx  = · =3 2
again L 2 1
2 2
d 2 y  dy  
– sin x + cos y 2    sin y = 0    = 18 Ans.
dx  dx  L

451
 MOD
04 The fact that the limit exists implies that
2(2kx  x 2 ) 2 2(k  x ) 3
Lim f (4x)  af (3x)  bf (2x)  cf (x)  df (0) y2 +
y5
= .y
x0 y5
= (1 + a + b + c + d) f(0) = 0
a + b + c + d = – 1 ....(1) 2(2kx  x 2 ) 2 2(k  x)
y2 + = . (3kx2  x 3 )
y5 y5
Apply L'Hospital Rule once, then we have 2
f (4x )  af (3x)  bf (2x)  cf (x)  df (0) y2 + [ 4k2x2 + x4 – 4kx3 – 3k2x2 + kx3 +
Lim y5
x 0 x4 3kx3 – x4] = 0
4f ' (4 x )  3af ' (3x )  2bf ' (2x )  cf ' ( x ) 2k 2 x 2
= Lim 3
x0 4x y2 + =0
y5
and for the following limit to exist, we also
 n = 2k2
need
06 Using L'Hospital's Rule
Lim 4f ' (4x)  3af ' (3x)  2bf ' (2x)  cf ' (x)
x0 1 x
= (4 + 3a + 2b + c) f ' (0) = 0, 
Lim
2 x2 x2  5
 3a + 2b + c = – 4 ....(2)
x 2 3 8x  5
Repeat this process twice and get another two 
equations as 2 3x  2 2 4 x 2  5x  23
9a + 4b + c = – 16 ....(3)
and 27a + 8b + c = – 64 ....(4) 1 2 1 2 38
  p
Now, (4) – (3)  18a + 4b + 48 = 0 11
= 4 3 = 4 3 = 12 = =
 9a + 2b + 24 = 0 ....(5) 3 21 3 3 9 27 q
 
(3) – (2)  6a + 2b + 12 = 0 4 14 4 2 4
 6a + 2b + 12 = 0 ....(6)  p + q = 38 Ans.
(5) – 6 (6)  3a + 12 = 0
 a=–4,b=6 (x x
1)
From equation (2), we get c = – 4 07 [Sol.17/mod/QZ l = Lim x (00 form)
x 0
and from equation (1), d = 1.
Hence (25a + 50b + 100c + 500d) x
= – 100 + 300 – 400 + 500 = 300 Ans. ln l = Lim ( x  1).lnx
x 0

05 y3 = 3kx2 – x3 (Differentiating twice)

= Limit
e x ln x
1 
Limit x ln x . ln x
3y2 y1 = 6kx – 3x2 x0 x ln x x 0
y2 y1 = 2kx – x2 ....(1)
2 = Limit x (ln x ) 2 ( as x 0 x lnx 0)
2y y 1 + y2 y2 = 2(k – x) ....(2) x0

2kx  x 2 (ln x ) 2 2 ln x 2
from (1) y1 = = Limit = Limit  .x
y2 x 0 1/ x x0 x
substitute in (2) (use Lopital’s rule)
2
= Limit  2 ln x . x  0
 2xk  x 2  x 0
2
y y2 + 2y  = 2(k – x)
2  l = e0 = 1
 y 
2 2
m = Limit (cot x )sin x (0 form)
2(2kx  x ) 2(k  x ) x 0
y2 + =
y5 y2 lnm = Limit (sin x ). ln(cot x )
x0

ln(cot x )
= Limit
x0 cos ecx 452
 MOD

cos ec 2 x 1 1
= Limit g3(x) = f f f x  = =x
x 0 cot x cos ecx . cot x  x 1
1  
 x 
cos ecx sin x
= Limit 2 = Limit =0 x 1
x0 cot x x0 cos2 x g4(x) = g1(x) = ;
Hence m = e0 = 1 x

n = Limit (sec x)
(cos ecx )
(1 form) 1
x 0 g5(x) = g2(x) = ;
1 x
2 g6(x) = g3(x) = x and so on
 1cos x 
= Limit cos ecx (sec x 1) Limit  
 sin 2 x 
ex 0  e x 0  e0  1 x 1 1
 g(3n – 2) (x) = , g(3n – 1) (x) = ,
x 1 x
1 g3n(x) = x
k= Limit
ln(sec x )
 Limit ln(sec x ) x2
d d  1 1
x 0 x 2 x 0
dx

g ( 3n  2 ) ( x )  
1   
dx  x  x 2
1  option (A) is wrong.
= Limit (sec x  1)
x 0 x2 d d
1  cos x 1 dx

g ( 3n ) ( x ) dx
(x)  1
= Limit 
x 0 x2 2  option (B) is correct.
2 100
1 Lim x  x  .....  x  x  101
Hence l – m + n – k = Ans x 1
2 x 1
2 1 applying L' Hospital's rule
08 f '(x) = 3 log 2 x   3x 2
x 99
Lim 1  2 x  .....  100x  1
f(x) = 9  x = 2. x 1
1
= 1 + 2 + ......+ 100 + 1 = 5051
d 1
f (x ) 
1

1

2
.  option (C) is wrong.
dx f '(x) 3 27
x9 x2  12 1
2 y = g80 (x) = g(3n–1)(x) =
1 x
x  1  x 2 1
09 f(x) =  2 d 1  x 2  =  2 x 3 dx  g'(3n – 1)(x) =
(1  x ) 2

1 1 g'(3n 1) ( x ) 1 4
x
=  x 2 dx   x  C 2
 option (D) is also correct.
1 1
f(2) =   C = 10. x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0 .........(1)
2 2
C=1
x 1 Now, differentiating equation (1) w.r.t. x, we
 f(x) = get
x
2x2x (1 + ln x) – 2
x 1
g1(x) = f(x) = ;  x
x 2 dy x 
 x   cosec y dx  cot y  · x · 1  ln x 
  
x 1
1 1 =0
1
g2(x) = f(f(x)) = x   ;
x 1 x 1 1  x  
Now, at 1, 
x  2

453
 MOD
   x 
 dy 13. We have, f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 4x + sin  
2(1 + ln 1) – 2 1 1  0 = 0  2 
dx  
 1, 

  2 
  x 
 f '(x) = 3x2 + 4x + 4 + cos  
 dy  2  2 
11 gf ( x ) 
x    
  1 . Ans.]  f '(1) = 11
 dx   1, 
 2
1 Also, f(1) = 8
g ' y  
f '(x) 1 1
So, g'(8) = = . Ans.
f ' (1) 11
1
g" f ( x )  · f '(x) = f " (x)
f ' ( x) 2 f ( x ) g( x ) h ( x )
14.  ( x )  f ' ( x ) g ' ( x ) h ' ( x )
 f " (x )
 g " (f(x)) = f " ( x ) g" ( x ) h" ( x )
f ' ( x) 3
Put f(x) = 0
x=0 f '( x) g '( x) h '( x )
 f "(0)  '( x)  f '( x) g '( x) h '( x ) 

g " (0) = = – 1. f "( x) g "( x) h "( x)
f ' (0) 3
f ' ( 0)  1
f " ( 0)  1 . Ans. f ( x) g ( x) h( x)
f ''( x) g ''( x) h ''( x ) 
f "( x) g "( x) h "( x )
1 (2 x )
2 2x 1
12. f '(x) = 2 1 x  
1 1 x 2
2 1 x  x f ( x) g ( x) h( x)
f '( x) g '( x) h '( x )
= x x 1 f "( x) g "( x) h "( x )
 
1  x 1  1  x  x
 2 2
1 x
 
f ( x ) g( x ) h ( x )
x 1  1
= 1   = 0 + 0 + ' (x) g' (x ) h ' (x)
f
2   x 0 0 0
1 x  1 1 x2 

x 1 x2 1 ( f, g, h are quadratic polynomial.

=   f"' = g'" = h'" = 0 ) = 0
1  x 2 1  1  x 2  x
   (x) must be a constant function.
 (x) = (4 – x)
x 
= 
1  1  x2 x ( x )  (4  x )
 Lim = 0. Ans.
x2 sin( x  2)
x 2 1  1  x 2 1  x   (1  x 2 )
= =
x 1  1  x    x 1  1  x   15. g(5) = 1 and f(1) = 5
   
f " g ( x ) 
2 Now, g"(5) = –
=
 1 x
Ans.
f ' g(x )3
x

454
 MOD
f " (1) 17 Given limit =
f " g (5) 
 g "(5) = – =–
f ' g(5) 3 f ' (1)3
f '(x) = 3x2 + 3, f '(1) = 6
 
 sin1 x 2010 x2010 cos2010x




f " (x) = 6x, f " (1) = 6. Lim
x 0
 ln 1 x  
2010  tan2 x 
6 1 x2010  1 sin 2010

x  2  x2
g "(5) = =– . Ans.  x 
2010
216 36    x 

16 Equation of tangent at x = 2 to y sin x  1 2010

 x 2010
= f(x) is y = x + 3 = Lim (Let x = sin)
x 0 x 2012
the point (2, f(2))
i.e. (2, k) must satisfy y = x + 3 2010  sin 2010 
 k=5 given limit = Lim
0  2012
2010
g (x )  4 2010   3 
 f(2) = 5 = Lim f(x) = Lim       ...
x 2 x 2 x2
 3! 
For finite value of above limit we must have = Lim
0 2012
Lim (g(x) – 4) = 0 2010
x 2  2 
1  1   ....
 Lim g(x) = 4 = g(2) {As g(x) is a 3!
x 2
 
= Lim
continuous function} 0 2

Also Lim g ( x )  4 = 5
x 2 x2
 2010 2 
1  1    ......
 Lim
x 2
g'(x) = 5  6  2010
= Lim =
 g(2) = 5 0 2 6
(As g(x) is differentiable) = 335 Ans.
g(x) is differentiable function.
f ( 2  h )  f ( 2) y
f ' (2) = f ' (2+) = Lim
h 0 h 18 = ln (1 + cosx) – ln (1 – cosx) – a –
cosx
g(2  h )  4 2
5
h cosx
= Lim
h 0 h Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
g (2  h )  4  5h dy
= Lim y secx tanx + secx · =
h 0 h2 dx
g ' ' ( 2)  sinx sinx
=   2 secx tanx
2 1  cosx 1  cosx
{Applying L Hospital's rule twice}  1 dy 
Given, slope of tangent to y = f(x) at x = 2 is 1. secx tanx  y  
 tanx dx 
g ' ' ( 2) = – sinx
 f ' (2) = 1  =1
2
 g''(2) = 2  1  cosx  1  cosx 
   2 secx tanx
 f(2) + f ' (2) + g(2) + g'(2) + g''(2)  (1  cosx) (1  cosx) 
= 5 + 1 + 4 + 5 + 2 = 17. Ans.
dy
y + cotx =
dx
455
 MOD
  2 sinx  1
 2
 2 secx tanx  A
 sin x  secx tanx
dy h
y + cotx = – 2cot2x – 2 = – 2(1 + cot2x)
dx
dy B a C
y + cotx = – 2cosec2x .....(i)
dx
Differentiating both sides again w.r.t. 'x', we get
 d 2 y  dy So, y = f(x) = 2 cosec x
dy  
+ cotx · 2
 dx 2  + dx (– cosec x) = 4 19. Clearly, least value of f(x) is 2.
dx   20. We have, g(x) = f(sin–1x)
cosecx · cosecx cotx
2
d2 y dy = 2 cosec (sin–1x) = ,
cotx – (cosec2x – 1) = 4 cotx x
dx dx
cosec2x 2 4  2.25  25
g'(x) = 2  g'     .
d2 y dy x 5 16 8
cotx – cot2x = 4 cotx cosec2x
dx 2 dx
1 
2 21. We have, h(x) = sec–1  2 cos ec x 
d y dy 2 
 2 = 4 cosec2x ......(ii)
– cotx
dx dx
From equation (ii) + 2 equation (i) we have 
= sec–1(cosec x) = x
2
dy d2 y dy
2y + 2cotx + 2
– cotx =0
dx dx dx  
 x 
2h( x)
e  2e  2   sin x
d2 y dy Now, Lim
 + cotx = – 2y 
x  ¯ h ( x ) cos x
dx 2 dx 2

d2 y dy
2
 cot x
dx
 dx
   
= – 2 Ans. 2 x   x 
y e 2   2e  2   sin x
= Lim
Paragraph for question nos 19 to 21 
x  ¯  
2   x  cos x
Sol. Area of ABC 2 

1
We have,  = ah = 12 
2 Put, x   h , we get
2
24 24
 ah = 24  h = = 2R sin A e 2h  2e h  1  (1  cos h )
a Lim
h 0 h ·sin h
24
 h  2  6  sin A  h = 2 cosec A
e  1
h 2

1  cos h 
h 2
h2 1 1
= Lim = 1  .
h 0 sin h 2 2
h

456
 MOD

(Using L-Hospital rule)

t 2f ( x  1)  ( x  1) 2 f ( t ) 0
22. Lim
t x  1 f ( t )  f ( x  1)
1  
0
11e  7  11x
ln L = Lim
3 e  7 x 
x  11x

 Lim
2t f (x  1)  ( x  1) 2 f ' (t )
1 = Lim
11  7e  11x

t x  1 f ' (t ) x 3 1  7 xe  11x

2(x + 1) f(x + 1) – (x + 1)2 f '(x + 1) 11

= f '(x + 1) Hence L = e3
2(x + 1) · f(x + 1) = [1 + (x + 1)2] f ' (x + 1)
f ' ( x  1) 2( x  1) log 2 10
25.  2 x  x 
 f ( x  1)  f(x) = 2x  x 2   = 10
1  (x  1) 2
Integrating, we get
 f(x) = 10

ln f ( x  1)   ln 1  ( x  1) 2  ln c   f '(x) = 0  x  Dg
Put x=–1 2x – x2 > 0 and 2x – x2  1
2
x – 2x < 0
0 = 0 + ln c  c = 1
 f(x + 1) = 1 + (x + 1)2 (x – 1)2  0  x  1 .......(1)
So, f(x) = 1 + x2 x (x – 2) < 0
x  (0, 2) .......(2)
ln f ( x )   ln 2
Hence, Lim (1) and (2)  x  (0, 2) – {1}. Ans.
x 1 x 1

ln (1  x 2 )  ln 2 26. f (x)  e x  e2  x  0
= Lim = 1. Ans.
x 1 ( x  1)
f (2)  0  f(2) = 0
(x 1) 2x 1  (x2  2009)3 3x 1  2008
23. Lim  f (x )  ex  e2
x0 x
Using L'Hospital's rule, we have
f ( x )  f ( 2) e2 (e x  2  1)
x 1   Lim
= Lim  2x 1  x2 x2 x2
x0 2x 1

 f ' (2)  e 2  12a  4b  c  e2

2 23
 x  (2009)
 2 x(3 x  1)1 3 l = e2  [l] = 7. Ans.
3x  1
= 1 + 1 – 2009 = – 2007
Hence absolute value = 2007 Ans. 27. y = 2 – e–x
[13th, 10-10-2010, P-1]
e–x =2–y
24. Let L = Lim e
x 
 11x
 7x 1 3x
(° form) – x = ln(2 – y)
g (x) = – ln(2 – x)
 7x  11x 1
As Lim  e11 x  7 x   Lim 1  11 x e 1
 e g ' (x) = ; g '' (x) =
(2  x ) 2
x  x 
 2x
1 1
 (1  0)     and Lim 0
x  3x g '' (1) = = 1 Ans.
(1) 2
ln L = Lim

ln e11x  7 x  Aliter: gof (x) = x
x  3x
457
 MOD
g ' f ( x ) f ' ( x ) = 1 30. )3
P(x) = (x – x1 (x – x2) (x – x3) ....... (x – x8)
 P(x) = (x – x1)3, Q(x)
1
 g' f ( x )   P( x )
f ' (x) Q(x) =
( x  x1 )3
1
g' ' f (x ) f ' ( x )  f ' ' (x ) As Q(x) is a polynomial
f ' (x )2  Q(x) must be continuous at x = x1.
1  Q(x1) = xLim
 x1 Q(x)
Hence g' ' f ( x )   3
f ' ' (x )
f ' (x ) 
x10  ax 2  bx  c
= xLim
 x1 (x  x1 )3
by L Hospital's rule , we have
10.9.8 7
Q(x1) = x
Put f (x) = 1  x=0 3.2.1 1
7
 f ' ' (0)  (1) 1 1 15 p
Hence g '' (1) = = = 1 Ans. Q   = 120.   = =
f ' (0) 3 13  2 2 16 q
p + q = 15 + 16 = 31Ans.
d2y
2 
d x dx 2
Aliter: We know that = 31.  g(x) = f (3f ( x )  6)3
dy 2  dy 
3
  g'(x) = 3f (3f (x)  6)2 f ' 3f (x )  6 · 3f '(x)
 dx 
g '(0) = 3 f ( 3f ( 0 )  6 ) 2 ·f ' (3f(0) + 6) · 3f ' (0)
 f ' ' (0)  (1)
Hence g '' (1) = = =1
f ' (0) 3 13 = 9f (6  6) 2 f ' (– 6 + 6) f '(0)

= 9 f (0) 2 f ' (0)2 = 9 × 4 × 1 = 36

100
x
28. Lim = 0 (using L'Hospital's Rule)
x  ex
32.  x2 – y2 – 2x = 1
x2
differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 2 2x – 2y y' – 2 = 0
Lim  cos  (1)
x   x again differentiating w.r.t.x,
2   1cos t 
2 – 2 (yy" + (y')2) = 0

Lim x 2  cos 1   Lim   ·4  yy" + (y')2 = 1.
x   x  x0  t 2 
= e = e ;
2 2
put =t  x= = e–2 Ans.  x ln  x  2  
x t  
33. l = – Lim x  e  x 1 
 e
x   
29 Nr =cos6x + (1+5) cos4x + (5+10) cos2x +10  
= cos6x + cos4x + 5(cos4x + cos2x ) +10
(1 + cos2x)  x ln  x  2 1 
= 2 cos5x cosx + 10 cos3x cosx + 20 cos2x = – e Lim x  e  x 1   1 ;
x   
= 2cosx [cos5x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cosx ]  
------Denominator------
 x2
r dy Let x ln    1 = M,
 y
N
 2 cos x    2 sin x  x 1 
Dr dx as x  , M  0
458
 MOD

 eM 1  f (h )  3xh ( x  h )  8xh  f ( 0)
l = – e Lim x   ·M = Lim
x M  h 0 h
 
= f ' (0) + 3x2 + 8x = 3x2 + 8x
 x2  Integrating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
– e Lim x  x ln   1 f (x) = x3 + 4x2 + C
x    x 1  
f (0) = – 4  C = – 4
put x = 1/t
 1  2t 
ln  t
– e Lim  1  t  =–e
2
t 0 t

ln (1  2t )  ln (1  t )  t 0
Lim ;   form
t 0 t2 0
Using L'Hospitals Rule
2 1 Hence f (x) = x3 + 4x2 – 4
 1
– e Lim 1  2 t 1  t  f(x) = x3 + 4ex
t 0 2t x3 + 4x2 – 4 = x3 + 4ex
x2 – 1 = ex
4 1

2
(1  t ) 2 = 3e = ae 1 ex
= – e Lim (1  2t ) Dividing by x, we get x =
t 0 2 2 b x x
 a = 3 and b = 2 Hence the above equation will have two
 a4 + b5 = 81 + 32 = 113 Ans. solutions.

Paragraph for question nos. 34 to 36 36. f (x)  mx2 + (5m + 1)x + 4m  x  0.

(x + 4)(x + 1)(x – 1)  m(x + 1)(x + 4)
Sol. Given f (1) = 1, f (2) = 20, f (– 4) = – 4  (x – 1)  m
 m+1x x0
and f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + axy(x + y) +  m+10  m–1
bxy + c(x + y) + 4  x, y  R, Hence maximum value of m = – 1 Ans.
where a, b, c are constants.
Put x=y=0 37. f(x) = ln (1 + x2) + tan–1x
 f (0) = 2 f (0) + 4  f (0) = – 4 gf ( x )  x
Now, put x = 1 and y = 0, we get c = 0
g' f (x ) f ' ( x )  1
put x = 1 and y = 1, we get
f (2) = 2 f (1) + 6 + b + 4 1
 g' f ( x )  
 20 = 2(1) + 6 + b + 4 f ' (x)
 14 = 6 + b .....(1)
b=8 f ' ' (x)
 g' ' f ( x ) f ' ( x )  
34. Hence b = 8 and c = 0  b + c = 8 f ' ( x) 2
35. f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + 3xy(x + y) + 8xy + 4 f ' ' (x)
 g' ' f ( x )   
f (x  h)  f (x) f ' ( x )3
Now f ' (x) = Lim
h 0 h  
f ( h )  3xh ( x  h )  8xh  4 f(x) = ln  2e 4  = ln (1 + x2) + tan–1x
= Lim  
h 0 h  

459
 MOD
 dy
 ln 2 + = ln (1 + x2) + tan–1x 39. We have = 5x4 cos(ln x )  sin(ln x )  +
4 dx
 x=1
  sin( ln x ) cos(ln x ) 
x5   ,
      f ' ' (1)  x x 
g ' '  ln  2e 4  =
    f ' 13  xy1 = 5y + x5 cos(ln x )  sin(ln x ) 
  
1 2x 2x  1 xy2 + y1 = 5y1 +
f '(x) = 2 + 2 = 2
1 x 1 x 1 x  cos(ln x)  sin(ln x)  
3
 f '(1) =   sin(ln x) cos(ln x ) 
2 x5   
 x x 
f ''(x) =
1  x .2  2x  1.2x =
2 2
x y2 + xy1 = 5xy1
1  x  2 2 +5x5 cos(ln x )  sin(ln x )  –
x5 sin(ln x )  cos(ln x ) 
21  x  x  2
1
 f ''(1) =  x2y2 – 4xy1 = 5(xy1 – 5y) – y
1  x  2 2 2  x2y2 – 4xy1 = 5xy1 – 26y
 x2y2 – 9xy1 + 26y = 0
1  x2y2 + axy1 + by = 0
    4  a = – 9 and b = 26
 g ' '  ln  2e 4   = 2 =
   27 27 Hence (a + b) = 17 Ans.
  
8
40. f(x) = sin–1  [3 x  2]  {3 x  ( x  {2 x })}
   
27.g' '  ln  2e 4   4
  
      
 x   0,   2x   0, 
 12   6
d2 y
 
d2x dx 2  {2x} = 2x and 3x   0, 
Alternative: = – 3  4
dy 2  dy 
  f(x) = sin–1 2  {3x  x}
 dx 
= sin–1{2 – 2x} As 2  2x  1  2x 
f "(x)
Hence g"(y) = – f(x) = sin–1(1 – 2x) = y
f x 3  1 – 2x = sin y
1 sin y
38. f(x) = ax3 + bx2 +cx + d  x= = f –1 (y)
2
 8a + 4b + 2c + d = 1
1 sin x
 d = –5  f –1(x) = = g(x)
f '(x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + c 2
 f '(2) = 12a + 4b + c = 1  c = 9 1
g'(x) = cos x
f ''(x) = 6ax + 2b 2
 f ''(2) = 12a + 2b  12a + 2b = 2
 1  1  1
 b = –5 g'   =   =
3 2  2 4
f '''(x) = 6a  6a = 6  a = 1
Hence f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 9x – 5 1
 | 100 × | = 25 Ans.
 f(0) = –5 ; f '(0) = 9 ; f ''(0) = – 10 4
460
 MOD

41. cos–1x =

– sin–1 x,  Lim
x 2
g'(x) = 5
2
g(2) = 5
sin (cos–1x) = cos (sin– 1x) (As g(x) is differentiable)
   
sin cos 1 sin cos 1 x  g(x) is differentiable function.
= cos sin cos sin x  = x
1 1 f ( 2  h )  f ( 2)
f ' (2) = f ' (2+) = Lim
f(x) = tan 2x h 0 h

d (tan 2 x ) 2 sec 2 2x g(2  h )  4

5
= = 6. Ans. h
d (tan x ) sec 2 x = Lim
h 0 h

42.  gh ( x )  = x g (2  h )  4  5h
= Lim
h 0 h2
 g' h ( x ) h'(x) = 1
g ' ' ( 2)
1 =
 · h '(x) = 1 2
1  h ( x ) 3 {Applying L Hospital's rule twice}
 h ' (x) = 1 h ( x ) 3 Given, slope of tangent to y = f(x) at x = 2 is 1.
 f ' (2) = 1
 h''(x) = 3h ( x )2 h ' ( x ) g ' ' ( 2)
 =1
  
h '' (x) = 3h 2 ( x ) 1  h 3 ( x ) Ans. 2
 g''(2) = 2
 f(2) + f ' (2) + g(2) + g'(2) + g''(2)
43. g  f (x)  = x = 5 + 1 + 4 + 5 + 2 = 17.
 g'  f (x )  f '(x) = 1
45. f(x) = 2 tan–1x & g(x) = x + 2
1
 g'(c) =  f gx  = 2 tan–1 (x + 2) solution of
f ' (c)
inequality
1 1 f 2 gx  – 5 f gx  + 4 > 0 is
 = 2 c=1
5 3c  2
f gx  <1 or f gx  > 4
 y = 5. Ans.
1
44. Equation of tangent at x = 2 to y  tan–1(x + 2) < or tan–1 (x + 2) > 2
2
= f(x) is y = x + 3
1 
 the point (2, f(2)) i.e.  tan–1 (x + 2) < [As tan-1 (x + 2) < ]
(2, k) must satisfy y = x + 3 2 2
 k=5 1
or x + 2 < tan  
g (x )  4  2
 f(2) = 5 = Lim f(x) = Lim
x 2 x 2 x2
 1 
For finite value of above limit we must have  x    10, tan   2 
 2 
Lim (g(x) – 4) = 0
x 2
1  1 1
 Lim g(x) = 4 = g(2) As   tan 
x 2
2 6 2 3
{As g(x) is a continuous function} 1 1
 tan  2  2
Also Lim g ( x )  4 = 5 2 3
x 2 x2 Hence total integer in the range are {– 9, – 8,
– 7, – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2}  8 integer
461
 MOD
 x  x  xn  (x  x n )  x 
ln t  ln 2 now D  x  x  =  
46. tan   Lim x  (x  x )2 
 n   n 
t  t  t2
using Lopital rule 1  xn 
= x  
1t
= Lim 0  xn  x 
t  1
hence when the situation is limiting 1 dy
Hence =
y dx

1  x1 x2 xn 
   ....  
x  x1  x x 2  x xn  x 

dy y  x1 x2 xn 
    ....  
dx x  x1  x x 2  x xn  x  .

48 Consider f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx – 2

 = 2
, ,  N
 two of them are 1 and other is 2
f " ( 0)
a = – ( +  + ) = – 4 =
2
BP  BP' (along horizontal)
b = ( +  + ) = 5 = f '(0)
and AP  AQ
Hence, f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 2.
 Again,  1 is a repeated root of f(x) = 0
    = cos 
2  f '(1) = 0.
   x 
cos   cos     = sin  49. We have g(x) = f  
2   f ( x ) 
1 on differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
but tan  = ln 2
 x   f ( x )  xf ' ( x ) 
g'(x) = f '   ×  
  1  f (x)   f 2 (x) 
Lim cos   Lim cos     sin  
t  t  2  1  ln 2 2  1   f (1)  f ' (1) 
 f '(1) = f '   ×  2 
 f (1)   f (1) 
47 adding term by term As f(1) = f '(1)
 g'(1) = 0
xn
y=
( x  x1 ) ( x  x 2 ) ( x  x 3 ) ....(x  x n ) 50. f(x) + f(x + 2) + f(x + 4) = 0 .............(1)
y Replacing x by x + 2
x x x x f (x + 2) + f(x + 4) + f(x + 6) = 0 .............(2)
= . . ....... (1) – (2)
( x  x1 ) ( x  x 2 ) ( x  x 3 ) (x  x n )
f(x) – f(x + 6) = 0
x x f(x) = f(x + 6)  x  R
ln y = ln ( x  x )  ln ( x  x )   f(x) is periodic with period 6.
1 2
Differentiating above equation
x x f '(x) = f '(x + 6)  x  R
ln  ........  ln
( x  x3 ) ( x  xn ) f '(x) is also periodic with same period 6.
462
 MOD
 f(x) = f(x + 6) = f(x + 12) = f(x + 18)
ln x   
f(0) = f(6) = f(12) = f(18) = .......... Now, ln l = Lim  form 
and f'(x) = f'(x + 6) = f'(x + 12) x  x  
= f'(x + 18) = ......... 1
f '(0) = f '(6) = f '(12) = f '(18) = .......... = Lim 0
x  x
Hence l = 1.
f 2 (x 12)  f (x) f (0)  f (x  6) f (18)  f 2(18)
Lim 1
x 0  
x   tan1(1 x)  x 2  sin x  x
4  Alternatively :Let Lim   L
x   x  sin x 
 
f 2 ( x )  2 f ( x ) f ( 0)  f 2 ( 0 )
Now, = Lim  x 2  sin x 
x0 
x tan 1 1  tan 1 1  x    Lim 
x  x  sin x 

 
f (x )  f (0) 2
= Lim
x0  1  1  x    
x · tan 1    x  sin x 
 11 x  = Lim  
x   sin x 
2  1 
f ( x )  f ( 0)  x 2x  x 
= Lim   · ·
x  x  2x  Given limit possesses indeterminate form of
x0  tan 1  
 2 x  the type 0

= f ' 0 · 2  32 . Ans.

2  x 2  sin x 
1
 ln L = Lim ln  

x  x x  sin x
 
x 3 ,
51. f(x) =  2
x 1
= Lim
 
ln x 2  sin x  ln x  sin x 
px  qx  r, x 1 x  x
3x 2 , Applying L Hospital's rule once
x 1
 f '(x) = 
2px  q, x 1
2 x  cos x 1  cos x
6x , x 1 2

 f "(x) =  x  sin x x  sin x
 2p , x 1 ln L = Lim
x  1
If f "(x) exist  x  R then (p + q + r) = 1
 2p + q = 3  2p = 6   cos x   
 p = 3, q = – 3, r = 1  1 2  1  1  cos x 
= Lim   x    =
 | p | + | q | + | r | = 7. Ans. x  x  1 sin x  x 1 sin x 
  
 2 
1  x   x 
 x 2  sin x  x
52. Lim 
x  x  sin x
  0 form
   0–0=0
   L = e0 = 1

1
53. 3f(cos x) + 2f(sin x) = 5x ... (1)
 2  sin x  x
 x 1  2  
 x 
= Lim  
x   sin x   x x
 x 1    2
  x  
 
1 3f(sin x) + 2f(cos x) = 5   x  ...(2)
2 
= Lim x
x 
x
 0

form = l (say) From (1) & (2)
463
 MOD
3 From (1),
f(sin x) =  5x L + 5L = 12
2
L=2
3
f(x) =  5 sin 1 x = y f ' (x)
2 Now, Lim =2
x g' (x )
3 1
  y  5 sin x
2 e x f ' ( x ) 
 Lim x = 2  ,  > 0
 1  3  x e g' (x) 
 sin    y   x
5  2 
ex f ' ' ( x )  f ' ( x ) 
 1  3   Lim =2
x   ex g ' ' ( x )  g ' ( x )
 f –1(x) = g(x) = sin    y 
5  2 
f ' ( x )  f " ( x )
 3   Lim = 2. Ans.
g (y) = sin   y  x  g ' ( x )  g" (x )
 2 

 3  57. g3(x) – (x3 + 2) g2(x) + (2x3 + 1) g(x) – x3 = 0

1  2  y 
g ' (y) =
5
sin 
 5 
  
 g (x )  12 g (x )  x 3 = 0
  So, invertible function is
 
g(x) = x3
 2   1 3 g–1 (x) = x1/3
g'    ·
 3  5 2 g'(8) · (g–1)' (8) = 16. Ans.

1
  1 3  
1  2 ·  
  2     5 2  
 2 g'   
Hence   3  
= 

 3 
3   
   
 
1
 1
=   = (– 5)
 5 
Hence absolute value is 5 Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 54 to 56

 f ' (x) f ( x )  Lim
Sol. Lim   f1 (x ) = f (x)
x    g' (x) g (x )  x   2

f ' (x) f (x)

 Lim  5 Lim = 12
x   g' (x) x   g (x )

........(1)
f (x) 
Now, Let Lim =L  
x g( x ) 

f ' (x)
 Lim = L (From L' Hospital)
x g' (x )
464
 Definite Integration
Questions

2 07. Let f (x) be a continuous function defined from
01 006
If the value of  (cos x · sin 2008x ) dx [0, 2]  R and satisfying the equation
0 2
2
p  f ( x ) x  f (x ) dx  3 . Find the value of
= (where p and q are in their lowest form), 0
q
f (1).
then find the value of (3p + q).
08 Column-I
02 Number of distinct real roots satisfying the
3
equation  sin 2 3x cos2 3x 
1 
(A)   sin 2 x  cos2 x  dx
1  4 
 2 dt  x 2 
 0 t  2t cos a  1  4
1 tan x  1
 3 t 2 sin 2t  (B)  1  sin 2x 2009 tan x  1 dx
 2 dt  x  2 = 0 is 2
 3 t  1 
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 x2
(C) 2 (D) more than 2 (C)  dx
0 ( x sin x  cos x ) 2

 2 e
 x  (D) ln x
03 If    dx  A , then the value for  x dx
0
1  sin x  1
1  ln x  ln x  1 

2x 2 ·cos2 x / 2
0 (1 sin x)2 dx , is equal to Column-II
1
(A) A + 2 – 2 (B) A – 2 + 2 (P)
2
(C) 2 – A – 2 (D) None of these
2 2 2
(Q)
1 3
x
04. Evaluate:  1 x 1  x 2 dx
(R) 2 34
0
2
 (S)
4 
sin (sin  cos   2)
05. Evaluate  d (T) None
0
cos 4 
2
x 2 sin x
06 The value of definit e integral 09 Evaluate:  8  sin 2 x dx
0

2
1 16
I   x sin 2 x  dx , is 10. Evaluate:  tan 1 x  1 dx
0
2
1

  2
(A) (B) dx
2 4 11. Evaluate:  2  sin 2 x
0
 
(C) (D)
6 8

465
 Definite Integration
12. If a1, a2 and a3 are the three values of a which prime numbers. Find the value of (a + b + c).
satisfy the equation
2 2 1
4a
 1  x 
2 n
19.
3
 (sin x  a cos x) dx –   2  x cos x dx =2 Given that In = dx then find the
0 0 0

then find the value of 1000( a12  a 22  a 32 ). value of 13I6 – 12I5.


13. If the value of definit e integral 2

65 
20. The value of 2
sin x
dx +
4 
dx 2
 (1  2cos x )(1  2sin x ) equals k, where
4
k 4N then find k. 1
5 sin log 2 ( x  2)  dx is equal to
14. Find the number of values of x satisfying 2
x
2
sin x  t  dt = x2 in [0, 100]. 5
t (A)
4
(B) 
0
x
3 
15. If the function  f ( t )dt  5 as | x |  1, (C) (D)
4 4
0
where f is continuous then find the number

of integers in the range of p so that the x
4
x
21. Let f (x) =  log4 (1  tan t) dt
equation 2x +  f ( t )dt  p has two roots
x
0
of opposite sign in (– 1, 1).  
 0  x   . Find the value of
3  x  8
  n   
16. If Lim x  2  
t
n
t  1 dt  has the   16f ( x )
x    .
 0 
x
2
value equal then find the value of n  N. 1 n  n 2  ( k  1) 2 
11 22. If Lim   n 2  k 2  exists
k l n
n n
k 1  
17. If the value of the definit e integral and is equal to L. Find the absolute value of
1 [L].
1
 1  x  x2  dx is equal to where [y] denotes greatest integer less than
1 x 4  3x 2  1 or equals to y.

(k  N), find the value of k. 23. Column-I
k
1 1
dx x3  x 2
18. If  can be expressed (A)  3 3x 4  4x 3  1 dx
0
1 x  1 x  2
0

in the form a b   1 where a, b, c are
c

466
 Definite Integration

2 27. Column-I
sin 2 x
(B)  dx 1 2
3  4 sin x  cos 2x  x 1  x
0 (A)   x 2  1  e dx
0
2
x4  x 1
(C)  dx 0
x2  4
 x e 
2x
0 (B)  3 x  1 dx
1
Column-II 4

 tan x  e 
sin x
1 (C) cos x dx
(P) ln ( 2) 
2 0
Column-II
1 1
(Q) l n ( 2)  1
4 8 (P) ln ( 2)  e 2
1
2
17  1 16
(R)  ln 2  e
8 2 3 (Q) 1
(S) None 2
e
24. The value of definite integral (R)
2
2
1
21 16e 2
  1  x 2 · ln x  dx is equal to
 (S)
0 28e 2
 
(A) ln 2 (B) ln 2 28. If f : [0, 1]  R is a continuous function
4 8
1
1 1
(C*)

ln 2 

(D)

ln 2 
 satisfying 2 2

0 f ( x) dx  3  0 f (x ) dx , 
4 8 8 4

25. Let a be a real number. If the value of definite 1

then find the reciprocal of f   .
4
3  a
x
integral  x  a   sin   dx is equal to 1 1
2 3x dx x 3dx
  a 29. Let I1 =  and I2 =  4
– 16 then sum of all the values of a in 0
3  x 0 3x ( 4  x 4 )
[0, 314] is k. Find the value of k.
I1
then find the value of .
26. Let f (t) be a cubic polynomial such that cos I2
3x = f (cos x) holds x  R and
 1
x  [ x ]  ; if x  I
1
2 30. Let f(x) =  2
J= f ( t ) 1  t 2 dt . Find the value of  0; if x  I

0
x
(2016) J
. and P(x) =  f ( t ) dt  x  R. Find the
 0

24
absolute value of  P ( x ) dx .
0

467
 Definite Integration

35(mcq) Let f : R  R+ be a positive function such

31. The value of definit e integral
f (x) 2
 that 1   e ( x  y )  x  y and
2 f ( y)
  3  6cos2 x  sin4 x  cos4 x  4sin2 x 
 x, y  R. If f(1) = 1 then
0
1 2

dx is equal to
(A)  f ( x ) dx  2 (B)  f ( x ) dx  2
1 0

 3 1
(A) (B)  2
2 (C)  f ( x )  dx  2 (D)  ln f ( x ) dx  2
(C) 2 (D) 4 1 1

32. Let f (x) be a continuous function on R. If 36. The value o f the definite integral
1

 f ( x )   1
f (2 x ) dx = 5 and x cos   1
0  ln x dx , where   (2n + 1) is
0
2 (A) ln(1 – sin ) (B) ln(1 + sin )
 f (x)  
f ( 4x ) dx = 10 (C) ln(1 – cos ) (D) ln(1 + cos )
0

1 37. If f (x) =
then the value of  f ( x )  
f (8x ) dx is
1 2 n 
0
Limx   .... ,
equal to n 1·3 1·3·5 1·3·5.....(2n 1) 
(A) 0 (B) 5
(C) 10 (D) 15 4
then  [f ( x )] dx (where [ ] represent
0
1
dx greatest integer function) is equal to
33.  1  x1 4  =
0 x x (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) none of these
(A) 2 – 8 (B) 2 – 4
(C) 8 – 2 (D) 4 + 2
38. Let a n is a positive number such that
an x
34. The graph of f(x) = x2 + ax + b intersects the e 1
x-axis at 2 distinct points A, B and y-axis at  e x  1 dx = ln n.
0
C. The centroid of ABC lie on the line
6
If Lim (a n  ln n ) exists and has the value
n
y = x. If I =  f ( x ) dx , then the value of equal to ln k, find k.
0
3
I cannot be x2 1
(A) – 50 (B) 50 39. Compute  dx
1
x 4  x 3  3x 2  x  1
(C) 100 (D) – 100
x
ln t
40. Statement-1: f(x) =  2
dt x  0
1
1  t  t

468
 Definite Integration
44. Find the value of the definite integral
1
then f(x) =  f  
x
 4
x ( x sin x  2 cos x ) tan x  
ln t dt  ( x  dx
Statement-2: If f(x) =  then f(x) + 0  cos x  2 sin x ) cot x 
1
t 1

1 1 2
f    lnx 
x 2 45. If
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true 5
1  x   x 
and statement-2 is correct explanation for    2    2   dx
statement-1. 1/ 5
x   4 x  2x  9   9x  2 x  4  
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true = p ln q + 3 tan–1 r
and statement-2 is NOT the correct where {.} denotes fractional part function, p
explanation for statement-1. & q are relatively prime numbers and r is an
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. integer, then find the value of p + q + r.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

41. If f(x) is differentiable function such that f(x) 46 1  n 2  ( k  1) 2 

n
If
n
Lim   n 2  k 2  exists
k
n
l n
e k 1  
ef(x) = x then find  f ( x ) dx and is equal to L. Find the absolute value of
0
[L]. where [y] denotes greatest integer less
than or equals to y.
a a
  2  
42. 0 x  e  x  1 dx  t   47.
x


  tan x  x  dx  t
0
The value of the definite integral

2
a
 (cos 2 x ·cos 2 x ·cos 23 x ·cos 2 4 x ·cos 25 x ) dx ,
   sin x  x  dx  0 has roots (a) and 
0
is equal to
1 1 (A)  (B) 2
(a). Then Lim 
(C) 0 (D) none
a0  (a ) (a )

1
e 2 x  1  ( x  1) (e x  e  x )
43. Let f be a real valued twice differentiable 48.  dx is equal to
1 x (e x  1)
function defined on the interval (– 1, 1) such
x 1 1
x (A) e  (B) e 
that f(x) + e  f ( x ) dx = e e
0
2
0 (C) 1 (D) e 
 
2e x  e x ln x  x 2  1  e x  t f ( t ) dt .

e
x
n
Then f(0) + f '(0) + f " (0) = ___ 49(mcq) Let L = Lim  2 2
dx (a  R), then L
a 1 n x
n 

can be

469
 Definite Integration

 Paragraph for question nos. 54 to 56

(A) 0 (B) Suppose f is an odd differentiable function
2
on R satisfying
(C)  (D) 2
x 1
 3 1
 f ( t ) dt  k  x 3  x 2  
1  2 4
1 x2 x
50 Let f (k) =  dx .
k 1  x where k is a fixed non-zero real number and
1
f(2) = 6.
99
If  f (k) = p, then find the value of p. 54 The function f(x) will be
k 0 (A) linear (B) quadratic
(C) cubic (D) biquadratic
1  10
51. Let f :  , 2  R be a function such that f 55.
2 
The value of  f (r ) , is
r 1

1 (A) 2550 (B) 4950

(x) + f   = 10. If the value of the definite
x (C) 5050 (D) 2970
0
2
f ( x ) ·(1  x )  3 5  56. The value of definite integral  f ( t) dt is
integral  dx is k ln  ,

2 3  5 1
12 x x 1  
equal to
find the value of k. (where {y} denotes fractional part of y
respectively)
52(mcq) Given f is an odd function defined everywhere,
periodic with period 2 and integrable on every 1 1
(A) (B)
x 2 4
interval. Let g(x) =  f(t) dt. Then, which of 2 1
0
(C) (D)
the following is(are) correct? 3 3
(A) g(2n) = 0 for every integer n
(B) g(x) and f(x) have the same period 57. Consider a non-constant continuous function
(C) g(x) is an even function
x
(D) g (x) is odd. 4t f (t)
f(x) such that f 2 ( x )   2
dt .
x2 (1  t )
53
0
Consider a parabola y = and the point
4 Let L1 and L2 are two perpendicular tangent
F (0, 1). Let A1(x1, y1), A2(x2, y2), A3(x3, lines drawn from the point A(0, ) to the
y3),........, An(xn, yn) are 'n' points on the
curve y = f(x) and P, Q are points of contact
k respectively. Let R is the point of intersection
parabola such xk > 0 and OFAk =
2n of normals at P and Q to the curve y = f(x).
(k = 1, 2, 3, ..., n). Then find the value of
ColumnI
1 n (A) The value of f ' (1) + f ' (–1) lies in
Lim
n
 FA .
n k 1 k the interval
(B) The value of  lies in the interval
(C) The y-coordinate of R lies in the
interval

470
 Definite Integration

(D) The area of quadrilateral APRQ lies Where f (x) is continuous and differentiable
in the interval
Column II 1
function and f   = 0.
e
 1
(P)   1, 
 2  e x ; x  k
If g (x) =  x 2
 1 1  e ; 0  x  k
(Q)  , 
 2 2
then find the value of k for which f g (x )  is
(R) (0, 1)
continuous  x  R+.
 3
(S) 1,  x
1
 4 t 
 2
61.
2
Let f (x) = 2  2f ' t  dt then the
x 4
3 
(T)  ,  value of f '(4) is equal to
2 2
32 64
2 (A) (B)
k 9 3
58. If f(y) = y2 – 2y – and k  (a, b) for
2 64 81
(C) (D)
which f  
5  1  0 , then find the value of 9 4

b
62. If the value of definite integral
4
3 3
35  sin x cos x sin x  cos x  dx 
a 6  b
 
4  ln 1  tan x tan  dx is ln  
 6 a c
59. Let g be a differentiable function satisfying 0

x
(where a, b, c  N and b & c are relatively
prime), then find the value of (a + b + c).
 x  t  1 g (t ) dt = x4 + x2 for all x  0.
0
63. Let y = k be a line that intersects the curve
1
12 y = f(x) atleast at two points.
The value of  g' ( x)  g( x)  10 dx is equal x 2
0 x2
If  f ( t ) dt =  t 2 f ( t ) dt , then
to 2
2 x
  (A) k  (– 1, 1) – {0}
(A) (B)
6 3 (B) k  R
   1 1 
(C) (D) (C) k   ,  – {0}
4 2  2 2
f (x ) x
(D) k  R+
1
60. Given  e t dt =   t  dt ,
f ( y) y
64. Let f (x) =

1  x 1  (x  1) 1  ( x  2)(x  4) , then
 1 
x,y  2 , 
e 

471
 Definite Integration

100 70. Let f (x) be a function defined in

 f ( x )dx is 0<x <

satisfying
0
2
(A) 4950 (B) 5050
(C) 5100 (D) 5150 
(i) f   = 0
1 6
65.
3
Lim  sin nx dx is equal to x
n 2 cos t
0 (ii)f ' (x) tan x =  dt
6
sin t
4 3
(A) (B) Find f (x).
3 4
4 3 71(mcq) Consider : f (x) = 1 – 2p cos x + p2 = g(p) ;
(C) (D)
3 4 
66. If h(x) = g(–p) · g(p) ; K(p) =  n g(p) dx
 4 0
ln(cot x ) 2008
 2
·(sin 2 x ) dx = for p, x  R. Then which of the following
0  (sin x ) 2009
 (cos x ) 2009  is(are) correct?

a b ln a  x
(where a, b, c are in their lowest (A) g(p2) = h  
c2 2
form) then find the value of (a + b + c). (B) K(p) is an even function
1
67. Let In = (C) K(x) =
2
K(x2)
1

 x 2 x3 x 2n 
 dx . If 1
 | x | 1  x  2  3  ......  2n  (D) K(x) =
4
K(x2)
1  
p
Lim I n can be expressed as rational 1
q
in 2 x  (1  x 2 ) 2 cot 1 x
n 
72. Let J =  dx .
the lowest form, then find the value of
2
 2
0 (1  x ) 1  (1  x ) cot x
1

pq(p3 + q2). Find the value of 100(J – ln 2).

68. Let a and b be two positive real numbers. Find 73. If

the value o f the definite integral
 sin ( n cos 1 x ) 1  cos ( n cos 1 x ) 
b
e x a
e b x Lim   
 1  x2 
 dx . x 1  1 x 2 
a
x
3
69. Evaluate I = (where n  N) exist and is equal to , then
2
4
6 find the sum of all possible values of n.
 (sin 2x  cos6 2x ) ·ln (1  tan x ) dx .
0

472
 Definite Integration
74. The value of 79. If the value of definit e integral
16  26  36.......n 6 2 sin 1 ( x 2 )
Lim e
n  
(12  2 2  32.......n 2 ) 13  23  33  ....... n 3  
0 e sin
1
( x 2)
 e cos
1
( x 2)
dx is kel , then
is equal to
find the value (6k – 4l).
14 21
(A) (B)
7 8 80. If x1 and x2 (x1 < x2) are two values of x
132 12 satisfying the equation
(C) (D)
17 7  1 
2 x 2  2   1  x 2 =
 x 
75. If the value of definit e integral
3 2 1 
e2
4 ln 2 x  1 4   2 x 3  2  ,
 dx is expressed in the form 2 2 x 1 
e (ln x )3 / 2
then find the value of
a e2  b e , then find the minimum value of 3 x 2  x1
 x     {x}   .
(a + b).    1   tan  dx
x1  x 2  4     1  {x}  
1 201
[Note: [y] and {y} denote greatest integer
   
1  1  x 2 100 


·x dx and fractional part functions respectively.]
p
76. If 0
1
 where p,
q 81.
 1 (1  x 
2 100 202 Let f be a differentiable function defined such
) ·x dx
0 1 
that f : [0, 27]   , 6 and
q  N, then find the least value of (p – q). 3 
f '(x) < 0  x  Df.
77. Let f(x) = sin x cos (cos x) (1 – sin x) and 27 3
g(x) = cos x sin (cos x) (1 – sin x). 2
f ( x 3 ) dx then
If  x f ' ( x ) dx =  – 3 x
1 0 0
 
 2 1  x  find the value of .
If l = xLim
 1
sin  2
  and [Note : D f denotes the domain of the
 
function.]
sin x  1  x  sin 1  x 
m = Lim 82. Let g(x) be a real valued function defined
x 1 x 1
where [y] denotes greatest integer function  
on the interval  ,  such that
of y, then find the value of  2 2
g(x) = e2x +
100π  m 100  l

 f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx . sin x
et  
l m  2 2
dt  x   , .
0 cos x  2 t sin x  t  2 2
78. If {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then Also f(x) be the inverse function of g(x),
100

find the value of  
 3 x dx . where 0  x 
2
. Find the value of
0

473
 Definite Integration
88. A sequence a1, a2, ....... is explicitly defined
1
+ g(0) + g'(0) + g"(0). 
f ' (1) 2 as an =
x
 cot  2  sin (nx ) dx .
0
83. Let P(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients 2013
such that If S =  a n , then the value of cos S, is
(x2 + x + 1) P(x – 1) = (x2 – x + 1) P(x)  x n 1
 R and P(1) = 3.
If n
k4
1 1 89 The value of Lim  3 is equal to
 2x
1  n
k 1 n7
 tan  1  P x 2  dx   tan 1 ( x  1) dx
0
  
 0 1 3
(A) (B)
8 7
k
= ( – ln 4) then find the value of k. 4 3
16 (C) (D)
9 4

x 2
84. If e dx =  , then find the value of 
 90. Let f(x) =  e t e  xt dt . Given that the domain
0

2
( x  4 x 1) of f(x) is (1, ), then the range of f (x) is
e dx .
(A) (– , ) (B) (0, 1)

(C) (– , 0) (D) (0, )
 t dx 
85. If Lim 
  at b  exists and equals
t   3 2  x x3
 1 1 x  2 2
91.
t
If g (x) =  e t dt then the value of  e dt
to non-zero finite number L, where a and b 1 3
are positive real numbers, then find the value
equals
of (ab – 4L – 3).
(A) g(x3) – g(3) (B) g(x3) + g(3)
(C) g(x3) – 3 (D) g(x3) – 3g(x)
86 The value of
3
dx

 1  co s x  co s 2 x    1  sin x  sin 2 x   92(mcq) Let In =  1 xn (n = 1, 2, 3 ...... ) and
     d x, 0
  .....  co s( 2 0 1 3 x )   .....  sin (2 0 1 3 x ) 
is Lim I n = I0 (say), then which of the following
n 
(A) 2 (B) 2013 
(C) 0 (D)  tatement(s)is/are correct?
(Given : e = 2.71828)
1
(A) I1 > I0 (B) I2 < I0
87. Let J =  cot 1(1  x  x 2 ) dx and (C) I0 + I1 + I2 > 3 (D) I0 + I1 > 2
0

1 93 The value o f t he definit e int eg ral

1
K =  tan x dx . If J = K ( N), then 2
2
0
 (sin 2x  sin 4 2 x ) dx , is
 equals 0

474
 Definite Integration
94. Let f (x) be a positive differentiable function n
defined on [0, 1] such that f (1) = 0 and for 101  1 
The value of Lim  ln 1   dx is equal
n
1  x
a 1
any a  (0, 1),  f ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx = 2f (a) to
0 a
1
+ 3a + b, where b is a constant. Find f (x). (A) 1 (B)
2
(C) 0 (D) 2
95. The value o f the definite integral
2
102  cos  ·f sin   cos 
1 2
dx Let I1 =  d and I2
 (1  e x )(1  x 2 ) is 0
1
(A) /2 (B) /4 (C) 2 I1
/8 (D) /16 =  sin 2 · f 
sin   cos 2
 dthen I2 is
0
equal to
n
kn
e1 n 1 (A) 1/2 (B) 2
96. If L = Lim    , find (225)L
n
k 1  k 
(C) 1 (D) 1/4

103 The value of definite integral

97 If f(x) is differentiable function such that
1
e 1
f(x) ef(x) = x then find  f ( x ) dx  dx is equal to
0 0 x 1  x 1 1  x
 (A) 1  2  2
dx
98. The value of  11
(B) 2  1  2  2 
e
ee x l n x ln lnx (ln ln ln x ) 10
 
is equal to
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 4  1  2  2 
(C) 9 (D) 10  
16
dx (D) 8  1  2  2 
99. The value of the integral  is  
1
x 4 x

3 3 104. If the value of the definit e integral

(A) 4 ln (B) 4 ln + 1 10
2 2 x  2 x 1  x  2 x  1  2
 dx
3 54 x 2 1
(C) 4 ln + 2 (D) none
2
can be expressed in the form a b  c  
100. Value of the definite integral where a, b, c  N and pair wise coprime.
12
Find (a + b + c).
1
 ( sin (3x  4x 3 )  cos1 (4x 3  3x ) ) dx
12

 7 
(A) 0 (B)  (C) (D)
2 2 2

475
 Definite Integration

t 1
109   1  x 7  1  x 4  dx is equal to
4 7
2
1
105 Let F (t) =  | cos 2 x | dx for 0 < t  1. 0

t 0
1
The value of Lim F( t ) equals (A) (B) 1
t0
2
(C) 0 (D) None

(A)  (B)
2 Paragraph for question nos. 110 to 113
  Let n  N. The A.M., G.M., H.M. and
(C) (D) R.M.S. (root mean square) of the n
4 3
numbers (n + 1), (n + 2), (n + 3), ......,
(n + n) are An, Gn, Hn, Rn respectively.
Then
6
  An
106 If  x sec x ·sec 6  x dx =  ln sec . 110. Lim =
0 n  n
where  is the smallest positive such angle in (A) 1 (B) 3/2
 (C) 2 (D) 1/2
radians and be a rational number, then Gn

111. Lim =
n  n
335
find the value of . (A) 1/e (B) 2/e
| | (C) 3/e (D) 4/e
Hn
112. Lim =
107. The value of the definit e integral n  n

1 log x log ( x 2 1) 3

1
 2 x 
1/ 4
2 2  3 27 (A) ln 2 (B) ln 2
  7
4 log 49 x
 x  1  dx equals
0  (C) 1 (D) e
(A) 3 (B) 2 Rn
(C) 11/6 (D) 5/6 113. Lim =
n  n

108(mcq)Let f (x) be a non zero continuous function (A) 3 (B) 5 3

for all x, such that
(C) 73 (D) 3
x 2
f ( x ) 2   f (t ) · 2 sec t
dt and 3

0
4  tan t 114. Let I =  ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3) dx . The value
1
f (0) = 0, then
of I–1, is equal to
 5  3 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) f    ln (B) f   
 4 4 4 4 
115. Let 0 < t < . Find the absolute value of
2
   4 3
(C) f    2 (D) f    ln t
 3 3 4
Lim cos  ln (cos ) d .
t
  tan 
0
2

476
 Definite Integration
121 Find the value of the definite integral
xy
1
116 If  f ( t) dt is independent of x and f(2) = 1004
(1  x )1004 dx
x
x
22010 1
0 .
x 1004
x (1  x 2010 )1004 dx
2, then  f ( t ) dt is equal to
0
1
(A) 2 ln x (B) 3 ln x
(C) 4 ln x (D) None 122 The value o f the definite integral

117 The value of definite integral 

3
ln (x  1)
dx
1

4 x 3 1  x 4 (2009 ) 
x 2  (1  x 4 ) 2011 dx , is equal to
1 0
is equal to 1 1
1 1 (A) (B)
ln 27  ln 4  ln 9  ln 4 2009 2010
(A) (B)
3 3
1 1
(C) ln 9  ln 4 (D) ln 27  ln 4  (C) (D)
2011 2012

Paragraph for question nos. 118 to 120 123 Let g(x) be a polynomial function satisfying
g(x) g(y) = g(x) + g(y) + g(xy) – 2  x  R.
8 1 Also g(1)  1 and g(2) = 5. If the value of
  tan ( | x | 3), | x |  2
Let, f(x) =   3x 2  | x | 3  
dx p
 the integral
  x2 1 
, |x|  2  x g ( x ) is q ln 2 where p and
   1

where [x] denotes largest integer less than or q are co-prime, then find the value of
equal to x. (p2 + q2).

118 Number of points where the function f(x) is


discontinuous is equal to 1
124  is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 k  1 2 k ( 2 k  1)
(C) 2 (D) 4
(A) 2 ln 2 (B) 3 ln 2
119 Range of f(x) is equal to 2
(C) ln 2 (D) ln
(A) (– 4, 2]  {3} [4, ) e
(B) (– 4 , 4)
(C) (– 4, 3]
1 x 1
(D) (– 4, 2] {3} 125. Let f(x) = and f(g(x)) = then the
x 1 x
1
120 The value of the definite integral  f ( x ) dx 1

2
value of  g f ( x )  dx is equal to
2
is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 6 (A) ln 2 (B) 1 + ln 2
(C) 9 (D) 12 (C) 2 + ln 2 (D) 1 – ln 2

477
 Definite Integration
ParagraphforQuestion no.126 to 128 132. For R, the range of the function

Let f (x) is a derivable function satisfying x cot 1 

 tan x 
x f() =    dx is equal to
 2  1  tan x  cot x 
f (x) –  f ( t ) dt = x + ln  x  1  x  with tan 
 
0
f (0) = ln 2. Let  g (x) = x f ' (x) then   
(A)  ,  (B) (0, )
 2 2
126. Range of g (x) is
(A) [0, ) (B) [0, 1)    3   
(C) [1, ) (D) (– , ) (C)  ,  (D)  0, 
 4 4   2
127. For the function f which one of the following is
correct? Paragraph for question nos. 133 to 135
(A) f is neither odd nor even a (x )
(B) f is transcendental  f (t) 
Let f(x) = f '(x) + 2x   2  dt – x,
(C) f is injective 0  t 
(D) f is symmetric w.r.t. origin x
f (t )
1 where a(x) =  dt ,
128. t2
 f ( x ) dx equals 0

0 Also f(x) is an even differentiable function on

 
(A) ln 3  2 2  1 
(B) 2 ln 1 2  a (x )
f (t)
R and g(x) =  dt .
(C) ln 1 2  – 1 (D) 1 0
t2
x
129(mcq)Let f (x) =  e ·sin( x  t ) dt and
t 133. The value of f(3), is
0 3 5
g (x) = f (x) + f ''(x). Which of the following (A) (B)
2 2
statements are correct?
(A) g (x) is positive  x  R. 7 9
(C) (D)
(B) g (x) is a constant function 2 2
(C) g (1) = e
(D) g ' (x) = g (x) 134. The value of g'(2), is
1 1
130. If the value of the definit e integral (A) (B)
4 2
2
dx a 3 11
 sin 2 x  (100 ) 2 ·cos 2 x = b
where a (C)
2
(D)
4
0
and b are coprime find (a + b).
135. The area bounded by f(x) and g(x), is
131. If f(x) is a non-zero differentiable function such 1 1
(A) (B)
28 96
x
2
that  f ( t ) dt  f ( x )   x  R , then f(4)
(C)
1
(D)

0 112 132
equals

478
 Definite Integration

136. Find t he value of definit e integral x x

141.
2 2
Let I1 = e tx ·e  t dt and I2 = e  t /4
dt
4
 
( x  2) 0 0
 dx .
( x 2  4) x
1 where x > 0 then the value of I1 is
I2
137. If
2 2
(A) e  x /2
(B) e x
 /4
x
  2
3 cos x  4 sin x sin x  4 dx =  2 2
0 1  sin 3 x (C) e  x /4
(D) e x /2

k2, then find the value of k.

c
138. Consider a function of the form 142. A function f(x) satisfies f(x) = f   for some
x
f(x) = e2x + ex – x, where , , 
are independent of x and f(x) satisfies the real number c (c > 1) and  x > 0. If
following conditions f(0) = – 1, c c
f (x) f (x)
ln 4  dx = 3, then the value of  dx
x x
f '(ln 2) = 30 and   (f ( x )  x ) dx = 24. 1 1
0 is
The value of ( +  + ) is equal to Paragraph for Que Nos. 143 to 145
n
 kr If f(x) = x2 – 2|x|
g(x) = minimum { f(t) : –2 t x,–2 x < 0}
139(mcq)Let r be a positive integer. If L = Lim k 1
na n  maximum { f(t) : 0  t  x,0  x  3}
has a non zero finite value, then which of the then
following relation is/are correct? 143. The function y =|f(x)| is differentiable for
(A) a – r – 1 = 0 (B) a + r – 1 = 0 (A) x R (B) x R - {0}
(C) x R –{0,2} (D) None of these
1 1
(C) r + 1 – =0 (D) r – 1 – =0
L L 144. Number of values of x in [–2, 3] where g(x) is
cos x 1 0
non-derivable is
(A) 0 (B) 1
140. If f (x) = 1 2 cos x 1 then the value
(C) 2 (D) 3
0 1 2 cos x
1
 /2 145.  0 fog(x) dx is equal to
of definite integral  f (x) dx is equal to
0 33
(A) 0 (B)
1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) 21 (D) None of these
4 3
1
(C) (D) none 146. Let
2
(cos x ) n 1 ·sin x
n
 (cos x ) dx  n
n 1 .
n 2
 (cos x ) dx
n 

479
 Definite Integration

2 Paragraph for Question no. 151 &

1003
If J1 =  (cos x) dx and 152
0
2 g ( x )  (1  x ) ln x  5 
Let  dx
J2 =   (cos x)
1004
dx then (J1 · J2) has the x ln x  6
0
value equal to g( x )
  = + C, g(1) = e and
(A) (B) ln x  5
2008 2006
  g : (0, )  (0, ).
(C) (D)
1004 1003
151. If f(x) = ln  g( x )  1   ln  g( x )   x  R+
147. Let p(x) be a differentiable function on R such
that p'(x) = p'(5 – x)  x  [0, 5], p(0) = 1 2012
4 then the value of (2013)2  f " (x) is
and p(5) = 7 then  p( x ) dx equals x 1

1
(A) (2011) (2013) (B) (2012) (2014)
(A) 8 (B) 12
(C) (2013) (2014) (D) (2011) (2012)
(C) 6 (D) 4

x n 1
152. Let In =  dx , then the value of I2012
148(mcq)If f(x) = Min (tan x, cot x) then 0
g(x )

 5 is
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0, and
4 4 (A) (2012) ! (B) 2012
 3 1
(B) f(x) is continuous at x = and (C) (D) (2012)2
2 2 2012
2
(C)  f ( x) dx = ln 2 153. Find the value of
0

(D) f(x) is periodic with period . x 2 cos2 x  x sin x  cos x  1
 dx .
0
(1  x sin x )2
149. Let f(x) = ex + 2x + 1 then find the value of

x sin 3 x
e3
1 154.  4  cos2 x dx
f ( x ) dx .
0
2
12
 1 x 2 
150. The value of 155. The value of   tan  1  x 4
sin   dx

1 2   
 2  3k 
 1 
 equals
 1 k 
n 
1   n 3e n   equals
Limit  e  1 2
n  n k 1  3k  (A) (B)
 2 1  3 3
 n 
1 1
(C) (D)
6 12

480
 Definite Integration
156. The value of definite integral

1
4 3 4
626  e  x · sin 25 x dx
 x  1 x  2 x  3 dx , is equal to
160. If 
0
= , then find
3
x 23
(A) – 2 (B*) 0 e sin x dx
(C) 2 (D) 4 0

the sum of digits of .

Paragraph for Question no. 157 to
159 161. Let  be a constant number such that 0 
 2
2 3 . If f() =  sin 8x | sin( x  ) | dx , then find
x cos x dx
Consider I1 =  (3 sin x  sin 3x) , 0
0
the maximum value of f().
 
2 2 162. The value o f the definite integral
I2 =  x 2 cosec2 x dx and I3 =  x cot x dx
2
0 0
4
dx
3  1  sin is

157. If I1 =  k 2  ln 2 , where k1, k2  Q 0
x  cos x
k1
then (k1 + k2) equals ln 2
(A)  ln 2 (B)
2
 509 509
(A) (B) ln 2
8 8
(C) (D) 2 ln 2
4
511  511
(C) (D) 163. Let f :(0, )  R be a continuous function,
8 8
satisfying f(x) + f(y) = f(xy).
Then the value of
158. If I2 = k1 + k2  ln 2, where k1, k2  Q, then
(k12 + k22) equals f (e2 )
x tan x 2
 dx is equal
(A)
1
(B)
5
f (e )

tan x 2  tan f (e3 )  x 2 
4 32
(C) 1 (D) 9 to
1 1
159. If I3 = k1 + k2  ln 2, where k1k2  Q, then (A) f (e  ) (B) f (e  )
2 4
(k13 + k23) equals
1 f ( e)
1 1 (C) f (e ) (D)
(A) (B) 2 4
8 27
4

(C)
1
(D)
3 164 Let f(x) =  e| t  x | dt , x  [0, 4]. If the range
64 32 0
[Note : Q denotes the set of rational num-
bers] of f(x) is [a, b], then b  a is
(A) e2 (B) e2 + 1
e2
(C) e2 – 1 (D)
2

481
 Definite Integration

a
165. Let p(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients (6J + 1)  is equal to  ln,
b
such that (x + 10) p(2x) = (8x – 32) p(x + 6)
where a, b  N. Find the minimum value of
for all real x and p(1) = 210. Find the value of
(a + b).
1
3
p( x ) dx .
11 1 170. Find t he value of definit e integral


166. If
2
sin 2 10
 sin 2  d .
 0
 (cos x ·cos 2 x ·cos 3x .............cos mx ) dx 
0 2
vanishes, then the number of integral values 171 Let U =  min.  
3 sin x, cos x dx and
of
m  [1, 10], is 6

(A) 4 (B) 6 5
(C) 8 (D) 10 2
V= x sgn ( x  1) dx . If V = U,
 3
2
ln (1  x cos ) then find the value of .
167. Let f(x) =  d , then the [Note: sgn k denotes the signum function of
 cos 
k.]
2
3  x
value of f ' (1) is   n   
(A) 0 (B) 1 172. If Lim x  2  
t
n
t  1 dt  has the
x   
(C) 2 (D) 3  0 
 2
4 value equal then find the value of n  N.
11
168. Let In =  tan n x dx (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,..........)
0
173. If the value of the definit e integral
and Sn =
n
1
 1
1 
  1 x 
 dx
cot  · cot
 I n I n 1  I n I n 3  I n 1I n 2  I n 2 I n 3  .   1 x2 
1  ( x 2 )| x |
 =
n0
1   

Find the value of Lim 100 (Sn ) .

n
2 a b 
c
169. Let the functions f(x) and g(x) be where a, b, c  N in their lowest form, then
differentiable and strictly increasing  x  R. find the value of (a + b + c).
Also f(0) = 2, f(1) = 3 and f '(x) is
continuous. e
 x 2 ln x  1  x
If f 2(x) = 1 + g2(x) and J = 174. Evaluate:    e dx

1
x 
1
 g (x )  ' 1
   · dx , then the value of
0  f ( x )  g (x )

482
 Definite Integration
Paragraph for question nos. 175 to 176 Paragraph for question nos.180 to 182
Let f and g be two real-valued differentiable
8 1 functions on R satisfying
  tan ( | x | 3), | x |  2
Let, f(x) =   3x 2  | x | 3  x 0
2

  x2 1 
, |x|  2  g(t ) dt  3x   cos t g( t) dt and f(x) =
   0 x

where [x] denotes largest integer less than or

Lim
1

e xt

 e x ln 2 (1  t )
dt
equal to x. 0 4
 2t 3  3
0
175. Number of points where the function f(x) is
discontinuous is equal to
180(mcq)f (ln 2) is greater than
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 4 1
(A) 0 (B)
6
176. Range of f(x) is equal to 3 4
(A) (– 4, 2]  {3} [4, ) (C) (D)
20 25
(B) (– 4 , 4)
(C) (– 4, 3]
(D) (– 4, 2] {3} 181. Range of g(x) is equal to
1 3  1 
(A)  , 3 (B)  , 3
177. The value of the definite integral  f ( x ) dx 2  2 
2
is equal to 3 
(C)  ,   (D) [– 3, 3]
(A) 3 (B) 6 2 
(C) 9 (D) 12 
2
178. The value of definite integral 182(mcq)The value of definite integral  g( x) dx lies
1 0
dx
 equals in the interval
0 ( x  1) 3 · (3x  1)
 2 4    5 
(A)  ,  (B)  , 
   3 5  2 6 
(A) tan (B) tan
8 12
 3 6   3 
3 5 (C)  ,  (D)  , 
(C) tan (D) tan  4 5   2 
8 12
183. The value o f the definite integral
1
1 x2 1
179. x4   x  x2 1  5x3  4x4  dx
 1  x 2  x 4 dx is equal to e
   1  ln 
0  
1
1 1 is equal to
(A) ln 3 (B) ln 2
2 3 4
(A) 4e (B)
1 1 e
(C) ln 3 (D) ln 2
3 2 2
(C) 2e (D)
e

483
 Definite Integration

184. Let L denotes the value of Column II

1  sin x  (P) –1
Lim cos1  and U denotes the (Q) 0
x 0  x  x  (R) 1/2
value of f ''(0)
x
(S) 1
2
where f (x) =  sin( t  t  x ) dt , Compute
0
187. Let f and g be two positive real valued
functions defined on [–1, 1] such that
120 U
the value of . 1
L2 f (– x) = and
2
f (x)
 cot  2
185.
1 g (x) is an even function such that
Let I = x  1 dx . Find the value
1 1 1

 gx  dx  1 , then I =  f ( x ) g ( x ) dx
2  8I  8ln 2
of  1 1

satisfies

186. Column I 1 1 1
(A) 0 < I < (B) <I<
3 3 2
e x cos x  1  x
(A) The function f (x) = is
sin x 2 1
(C) <I<1 (D) I  1
not defined at x = 0. The value of 2
f (0) so that f is continuous at x = 0 is
188. Let f(x) be a differentiable injective function
(B)The value of the definite integral x
1
dx such that f '(x) 0 and F(x) =  f ( t ) dt .
 x 3 x
equals a + b ln 2, where a and b 1
0 Also f(1) = f ' (1) = 1 and g(x) is the inverse of
are integers then (a + b) equals f(x). Let G(x) = x2g(x) – xF(g(x)) x R.
The value of G"(1) is
n
sec 2   tan  (A) 0 (B) 1
(C) Given e n  
d = 1 then the (C) 2 (D) 3
0 e
1
  1 
value of tan (n) is equal to 189. The value of definite integral  2x  x   dx
1 1/ 3
n
1 is
(D) Let an = 1 tan (nx ) dx and
[Note: {·} and [x] denote fractional part and
n 1 greatest integer functions respectively.]

1
13 8
(A) (B)
n an 36 36
1
bn =  sin (nx ) dx then Lim
1
n  bn
has the
15 9
(C) (D)
n 1 36 36
value equal to

484
 Definite Integration

Paragraph for question nos. 190. to 191

Let f : R R be a bijective function. Let g(x)
be a continuous function such that
f (x )

 g(t )dt = gf (x)  1 x R

0

1
 1 x 
190. Value of  g {x} · (1  x )3  dx is
0

Note : {y} denotes fractional part of y.

e
(A) 1 – (B) 1
4
e e
(C) 1 + (D) –1
4 4

1
x
x
191. The value of Lim e x 1 g( t ) dt equal to
x 
x

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) DNE

485
 Definite Integration
ANSWER KEY


1. 2010 2. A 3. A 4. 1
4
2 1 1
5. 
3

2 2 1 
2 2

 ln 2  1 .   6. D 7. 1/2

2 2 16
8. (A) R; (B) T ; (C) S ; (D) Q 9. – ln 2 10. 2 3
3 3
2
11. 12. 5250 13. 4 14. 16
3
15. 2 16. 4 17. 4 18. 6 (where a = b = c = 2)
19. 64 20. A 21. 8 22. 1
23. (A) Q; (B) P; (C) R 24. C 25. 1200
26. 252 27. (A) Q ; (B) S ; (C) P
28. 2 29. 12 30. 2 31. D
32. C 33. C 34. B 35. ABC
2 3 13 3  21
36. D 37. B 38. 4 39. I arctan
3 44
40. D 41. e–1 42. 4 43. 2
44. 0 45. 7 46. 1 47. C
48. B 49. ABC 50. 10 51. 5
4
52. ABC 53 54. C 55. D

56. B 57. (A) Q ; (B) Q ; (C) T (D) T 58. 4
59. C 60. 1 61. A 62. 19
64. C 65. A 66. 4019 67. 186
5
68. 0 69.  ln 2 70. ln2(2 sin x)
64
71. ABC 72. 100 73. 1 74. D
75. 22 76. 1 77. 0 78. 155
79. 8 80. 2 81. 9 82. 18
1  3 3
83. 12 84. e3  85. a=3;b= ;L=  3
3 2 4
     –1 89. B

90. D 91. A 92. ACD 93.
4
3
94.
2

1  e x 1  95. B 96. 900 97. e–1

98. D 99. C 100. B 101. D

102. C 103. D 104. 14 105. B
106. 2010 107. C 108. AD 109. C

486
 Definite Integration
110. B 111. D 112. B 113. C 114. B 115. 4 116. C
117. A 118. B 119. D 120. B 121. 4020 122. B 123. 5
124. C 125. D 126. B 127. B 128. A 129. ACD 130. 51
131. 2 132. C 133. D 134. A 135. B 136. 0 137. 2
138. 3 139. AC 140. D 141. B 142. 6 143. D 144. C
145. A 146. A 147. B 148. CD 149. 2 150. 0 151. B
3ln 3
152. A 153. 0 154. 1– 155. D 156. B 157. A
4
4
158. C 159. A 160. 6 161. sin 8 162. B 163. D
63
164. C 165. 32 166. B 167. 2 168. 100 169. 35
n
170. 171. 64 172. 4 173. 7 174. (e – 2) ee + e 175. B
2
176. D 177. B 178. A 179. A 180. ACD 181. A 182. CD
183. 2 /e 184. 360 185. 4
186. (A) R; (B) P; (C) S; (D) R 187. D 188. D 189. A 190. A
191. B

487
 Definite Integration
SOLUTIONS
01 Let I =  cos 2006 x · sin( 2008 x ) dx

=  cos 2006 x [sin x · cos ( 2007 x )  cos x · sin( 2007 x )] dx

=  cos (2007 x ) [cos 006 x · sin x ]  (cos 2007 x ) [sin( 2007 x ) ] dx

1
= –  cos ( 2007 x ) d (cos 2007 x )  (cos2007 x ) d cos(2007 x ) 
2007
Since d(uv) = u dv + v du
1
I=–
2007  
d cos(2007 x ) · (cos2007 x ) 
and so, the answer to the original question is the current year, 2007.

1 3 2
1 t sin 2 t
02 Let  t 2  2t cos a  1 dt = p and  dt = q
0 3 t2 1
t2 + 2t cos a + 1 = t2 + 2t cos a + cos2 a + sin2 a = (t + cosa)2 + sin2a > 0
t  (0, 1)
1
 2 > 0 t  (0, 1)
t  2 t cos a  1
1
1
  t 2  2t cos a  1 dt > 0 p > 0
0

3 2
t 2 sin 2 t t sin 2 t
and is an odd function   dt = 0  q = 0
2
t 1 3 t2 1
Now given quadratic become px2 + 2 = 0  no real solution for x.

 2 
x 2 (1  cos x )  x2 (cos x )
 x  I
03 A =   dx ; I = 0 (1  sin x) 2 ; I = A + II

0
1  sin x  
0
(1  sin x ) 2
;

 
  x2  x 
   2  dx x
A +  1  sin x  0 
0
1 

sin
 
x

; I =  1  sin x dx
0
I'

 / 2
x dx
using king I =  1  sin x dx ; 2I = 2 
0 0
1  sin x

 
/ 2
1  sin x
I =   cos 2 x dx ; I =  tan x  sec x  / 2 ; I =  xLim
 / 2
tan x  sec x  (0 1) = 
0

488
 Definite Integration
 I = A + 2 – 2

1
1 x
04. I =  dx
0
1 x
Put x = cos 2y to get
  
4 4 4
sin y 2 1
I =  2 cos 2 y sin 2 y dy =  4 sin y dy   32 sin 4 y dy
0
cos y 0
40


= 2 y  sin 2 y 0
/4
  14 12y  8 sin 2y  sin 4y  = 1  4 / 4
0

 
4 4
sin (sin  cos   2)
05. I 4
d    2 sec 2   sec 2   1  sec  tan  d
cos   
0 0

for sec  =t
2 2
2t 3 t 2 1
I 
2
2t  t  1 dt  2
 t  1  ln  t  t 2  1 
1
3 2 2  
1

2 1 1

3

2 2 1  
 ln 2  1 .
2 2
 

2
1
06 x cos 2 x dx
2 0
I= put 2x = t


1
I = 8  t cos t dt ....(1)
0


1
I = 8  (  t ) | cos t | dt ....(2)
0
—————————

  
2I = 8  | cos t | dt =  2  I= Ans.
0 8 8

2
2
 x f ( x )  f 
2
07. [Sol.85/def/QZ ( x ) dx 
3
0

489
 Definite Integration

2  x2  2 2 2 2
   f ( x )  x   dx  2 x2  x 2
=   4  2   3 =  4 dx    f (x )  2  dx  3
0  0 0

2 2
2  x 2
= 3    f ( x )  2  dx  3
0 
2 2
 x x 1
   f ( x )  2  dx = 0  f (x)  ;  f (1) = Ans. ]
0 2 2

08
 sin 2 3x cos 2 3x   sin 2 3x cos2 x  sin 2 x cos 2 3x 
(A)    = 
 sin 2 x cos 2
x   sin 2 x cos 2 x 
   
 (sin 3x cos x  sin x cos 3x )(sin 3x cos x  sin x cos 3x )  4 sin 4x sin 2 x
=  = = 8 cos 2x
 sin 2 x cos 2 x  sin 2 2x

3 3
 sin 2 3x cos2 3x  3
  sin 2 x  cos2 x  dx =  8 cos 2x dx = 4 sin 2 x
4
= 2 3  4 Ans.
 4  4

1 1 sec 2 x
(B) = =
1  sin 2x
1
2 tan x (1  tan x ) 2
1  tan 2 x

tan x  1 (1  tan x ) sec 2 x  (1  tan x ) sec 2 x 2 sec 2 x

Let u =  du = =
tan x  1 (1  tan x ) 2 (1  tan x ) 2
4 1 1
1 tan x  1 1
  1  sin 2x tan x  1 dx = – 2  u 2009 du = 21 × 2009
2009
2010
Ans.
2 0
(C) put x = tan 
x2 tan 2 
 I=  ( x sin x  cos x ) 2
dx =  cos 2 tan    d ; put tan  –  = y

tan x  x
  sec 2
y dy = tan y = tan tan     = tan x  tan 1
x=
1  x tan x

2
tan x  x 1 2
=  2 0 = Ans.
1  x tan x 0 

e
ln x
(D)  x dx
1
1  ln x  ln x  1 
490
 Definite Integration
rationalising the denominator, we get
e

ln x 1  ln x  l n x  1
dx =
 e

ln x 1  ln x  l n x  1
dx

  2 x ln x   2x
1 1

1
now put t = ln x  dt = dx
x
At x = 1, t = 0
at x = e, t = 1
1 1 1
1 1
20

=  1  t  1  t dt =  (1  t )
3
32
 0
 (1  t )3 2  = 2 2  2 Ans.
0 3

2
sin x 2
09 I=  9  cos2 x ·
x dx (using integration by parts)
0   I
II

2 2
2 3  cos x 2 2
x 2 3  cos x x ln dx 1
I=– ln + 6 3  cos x = – ln 2 + I1
6 3  cos x 0   3 3
0
I1

2
3  cos x
now I1 =  x ln 3  cos x dx
0
2
3  cos x
I1 =  (2  x ) ln 3  cos x dx
0
———————————
2 
3  cos x 3  cos x
2I1 = 2  ln dx = 4  ln dx
0
3  cos x 0
3  cos x

3  cos x
I1 = 2  ln 3  cos x dx
0

3  cos x
I1 = 2  ln dx
0
3  cos x
—————————

2 2
2I1 = 2  0 dx = 0  I=– ln 2 Ans.
0
3

2 2
x 2 sin x (2  x ) 2 sin x
Method 2: I=  2
dx =  dx
0 8  sin x 0 9  cos 2 x

491
 Definite Integration

2 2
sin x ( x 2  (2  x ) 2 ) 2( x  ) sin x
2I =  2
dx = 2  dx
2
0 8  sin x 0 8  sin x

2 2 2
( x  ) sin x x sin x 2 sin x
I = 2  2
dx = 2  8  sin 2 x dx  2  8  sin 2 x dx
8  sin x
0

0     0  
I1 I 2  zero

2 2 2
sin x x 3  cos x 1 3  cos x
I1 =  x 9  cos2 x dx = – 6 ln 3  cos x +  ln
6 0 3  cos x
dx
0 I   0
II
  
zero


 4 2 3  cos x
I 1 = – ln   +  ln dx ;
3  2  6 0  3 cos
 x
zero

   4 
  l n  2 2
I = 2· I1 = 2·     =– ln 2 Ans.
 3  2  3

16 16 16
dx x 1 dx
10. tan 1
x  1 ·x    · · 
 1
1
1  x 1 2   x 1 2 x 1 4x x 1
1
x 1 = t2; dx  2 t dt
2 x
3
1 2 t dt
–
4  (1  t 2 ) t .
0

2   
dx dx dx 4
11. I =  2  sin 2 x =  2  sin 2 x   2  sin 2 x =  4  sin 2 2x
0 0 0 0
(using Queen and adding)
2
dx
=8 
0
4  sin 2 2 x

dt
put 2x = t  dx =
2
 2
dt dt
I = 4 2 =8  ]
0 4  sin t 0
4  sin 2 t

492
 Definite Integration

2 2
4a
12. 3
 (sin x  a cos x) dx –   2  x cos x dx =2 [12th (20-8-2006)]
0 0

2 2
3 3
let I1 =  (sin x  a cos x) dx =  (sin x  a 3 cos3 x  3a sin 2 x cos x  3a 2 sin x cos2 x )dx
0 0

2 2 2 2
3 3 3 2 2 2
=  sin x dx + a  cos x dx + 3a  sin x cos x dx + 3a  sin x cos x dx
0 0 0 0

1 1 1
2 3 2  2 2
=
3
a
3
2
+   + 3a  t dt + 3a  t dt
2 (sin x = t  cos x dx = dt; t dt )
0 0
0

2 3 2
2 2a 3
= (1 + a ) + a + a = + + a + a2
3 3 3
2a 3 2
I1 = + a2 + a +
3 3
2 2
2
I2 =  x · cos
 x dx = x sin x 0 –  sin x dx
0 I II 0

2
I2 = x sin x  cos x 0

 2
I2 = –1=
2 2
2a 3 2 4a 2 2a 3 2
I= + a2 + a + – ·  + a2 – a + = 2
3 3 2 2 3 3
 3 2
2a + 3a – 3a + 2 = 6
 2a3 + 3a2 – 3a – 4 = 0
3
a1 + a2 + a3 = –
2
3
  a1a 2 = –
2
9 6 21
  a 12 =
4
+ =
2 4
21
 1000  a12 = 1000 × = 250 × 21 = 5250 Ans.
4

493
 Definite Integration

65  
16 
4 4
dx dx
13. Let I =  cos x
= 
(1  2 )(1  2sin x ) cosx
(1  2 )(1  2sin x )
4 4

16  2
dx dx
= = 8 = 8I1
 (1  2cos x )(1  2sin x ) (1  2 cos x
)(1  2sin x )
0  0
periodic with period  2 

2
dx
where I1 =  cos x
0
(1  2 )(1  2sin x )
2
dx
Using King and add, 2I1 = 
0
(1  2cos x )
2
Again using King and add, 4I1 =  dx = 2
0

Hence I1 =
2

 I = 8I1 = 8 × = 4  k. Hence k = 4. Ans.
2

x
14. Given t
2
sin x  t  dt = x2
0 
King

x
2
  (x  t) sin t dt = x2
0

x x x
 x2  sin t dt – 2x  t sin t +  t 2 sin t  x 2
0 0 0
 x2 (1 – cos x) – 2x (– x cos x + sin x) + (– x2 cos x + 2 x sin +cos x – 1) = x2
 cos x = 1
So, x = 2n ; n  I
Hence, number of values of 0, 2, 4,......, 30 equals 16. Ans.

x
15. Let F (x) = 2x +  f ( t )dt  p in (– 1, 1)
0
Now F (0) = – p,
1
F (1–) = 2 – p +  f ( t ) dt = 2 – p + 5 = 7 – p
0

494
 Definite Integration

y
x
–1 O 1

Graph of F(x)

1
F (– 1+ ) =–2–p+  f ( t ) dt =–2–p+5=3–p
0
F (–1) F (0) < 0 and F (0) F (1) < 0
i.e. (3 – p)(– p) < 0 and (– p)(7 – p) < 0
p(p – 3) < 0 and p(p – 7) < 0
 p  (0, 3) and p  (0, 7)
 p  (0, 3)
 Number of integral values of p is 2. Ans.

x
n
t t  1 dt
16. l = Lim 0
3 
Using lopital's rule
x    n
 2 
x

xn x 1 2 x 1 2 1
l = Lim 
= Lim = Lim 1
x   x  ( 2 x  3) x x  2n  3 x
3   n  2 
  n  x
2 
2 2
l=   2n + 3 = 11  n = 4. Ans.
2n  3 11

1 1
1 x 4  3x 2  1  ( x 2  x  1)
17. I=  dx =
 x 4  3x 2  1  (x 2  x  1) 2 dx
11  x  x 2  x 4  3x 2  1 1

1
x 4  3x 2  1  ( x 2  x  1)
I=  dx
1
 2x ( x 2  1)

1 1 1
x 4  3x 2  1 x (x 2  1) (x 2  2) 1 x2  2
I1 =  dx =   2x 2 ( x 2  1) dx =  2x 2 x dx = 0
1
 2x ( x 2  1) 1 1
x2  1

After the substitution x 2  1 = t

1
x2  x 1 
I2 =
1

1
 2 x ( x 2  1) dx = 2 ln | x |  tan x 1
1 =
4
. Ans.
1

495
 Definite Integration
`
18. Put x = sin 2t  dx = 2 cos 2t
4 4 4
2(2 cos2 t  1) dt 2 cos2 t  1 1  2(1  cos2 t )
now I=   dt =  dt
0
cos t  sin t  cos t  sin t  2 = 0
cos t  1 0
(1  cos t )

4 4
1
= 2  (cos t  1) dt +  dt
0 0
2 cos2 ( t 2)
4
1 t  1   
= 2 [sin t – t] 0 4 + 2 ·2 · tan 2  =2    + tan = 2 – 2 + 2 –1
0  2 4 8


=2 2 – –1  a=b=c=2  a + b + c = 6 Ans.
2

1 1 1
19 In =   1 · 1 x2
II
 n
dx = 1  x 2  n
·x  2n  1  x 
2 n 1
x 2 dx
0 I 0 0

 1  x 
2 n 1
= 2n – 2n (1  x 2  1) dx
0

1 1 
In = 2n – 2n   1  x
2
  n
dx   1  x 2   n 1
dx 
 0 0 
In = 2n – 2n In + 2n In–1
(2n + 1) In = 2n + 2n · In–1
or (2n + 1) In – 2n In–1 = 2n
Put n = 6,
 13 I6 – 12 I5 = 26 = 64. Ans.
b d
20. 1
As we know that  f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx = bd – ac, where f(x) is increasing and invertible function.
a c
Also f(b) = d, f(a) = c.
1
Now, g(x) = 2 + 2sin x, then g–1(x) = sin log 2 ( x  2) 

2 4
sin x 5
Hence,  (2  2 ) dx +  sin 1 log 2 ( x  2)  dx = 2+
 5
4

2 2


2 4
sin x 5
 2 +  2 dx +  sin 1 log 2 ( x  2)  dx = 2+
 5
4

2 2

496
 Definite Integration


2 4
sin x 5
  2 dx +  sin 1 log 2 ( x  2)  dx = . Ans.
 5
4

2 2


x
4
ln (1  tan t ) dt
21. Let f(x) = I =  dt ........(1) [
x
ln 4

x
1 4
   
Using King, I = ln 1  tan   t   dt
ln 4    4 
x


x
4
1  2 
 I=  ln   dt .......(2)
ln 4 x  1  tan t 

x
4
1
(1) and (2)  2I =  ln 2 dt
ln 4 x

x
1 4
 2I =  dt
2
x

1  
 I=   2x 
4 4 
 x   8x   16 f ( x )
 f(x) =  =  = 8. Ans.
16 2 16 x

1

n
n 2
 (k  1) 2 
22. Lim
n
k ln 2 2
n
k 1 n k
n
1
Lim
n n
 k ln (n 2  (k  1) 2  ln (n 2  k 2 )
k 1

1 n

Lim  k ln n 2  (k  1) 2  k ln (n 2  k 2 )
n n

k 1

1  n 1 n 
Lim   (k  1) ln (n 2  k 2 )   k ln (n 2  k 2 )
n n  k  0 k0 

1  n 1 2 2
n 1
2 2
n 1 
Lim
n n
 l n ( n  k )   k l n ( n  k )   k ln ( n 2  k 2 )  n ln ( n 2  n 2 ) 
k  0 k0 k 0 

497
 Definite Integration

1  n 1 
Lim   ln ( n 2  k 2 )  n l n ( n 2  n 2 ) 
n n  k  0 

1  n 1 n 1 
Lim   ln (n  k )   ln (n 2  n 2 ) 
2 2
n n  
k  0 k0

 k2 
n 1 2 2 n 1 1 
1 n k  1 2
Lim  ln  2  = Lim
2  ln  n 
 2 
n n k 0 n n  n n k0
 
 

1 1 1
1 x     2x 2
 S =  1 . ln   dx = x ln  1  x   –  dx
  2   2  1  x 2
0 II     0 0
I

1 x 2 1 1
dx  
 
=0–2 

 0 1  x
2
dx   1  x 2  = – 2 x  tan 1 x
0 
  1
0 = – 2 1   = – 2
 4 2

23.
1
x3  x 2
(A)  3 3x 4  4x 3  1 dx
0
put u3 = 3x4 – 4x3
1 0 0
1 u2 1  1  1 1 2  1 1 
4  u  1 du = – 4  u  1  u  1 du = – 4  2 u  u  ln | u  1 | = 4  2 u  ln 2
0 1 1

1 1
= ln (2)  Ans.
4 8
2 2 2
sin 2 x sin 2 x sin x cos x
(B)  dx =  dx =  dx
0
3  4 sin x  cos 2x 0 2 sin 2 x  4 sin x  2 0 sin 2 x  2 sin x  1

2 2
sin x cos x u 1
=  2
dx =  du (where u = sin x + 1)
0 (sin x  1) 1 u2

2
 1 1
= ln | u |  u  = ln (2) – Ans.
 1 2

498
 Definite Integration

2 2 2 2 2
x 4  x  1  16  16 ( x 4  16)  17  x 2 x 17
(C)  2
dx =  2
dx =  ( x  4) dx   2
dx   2
dx
0 x 4 0 x 4 0 0 x 4 0 x 4

2 1
 x3 
  4x   1 ln (x 2  4) 0   17 tan 1 x  
 
2 17  1 16
 3  =  ln 2  Ans.
 0 2  2  2  0 8 2 3

24. Put x = sin   dx = cos  d

2 2
1 2 1
I=
2  ln (sin ) ·2 cos  d = 2  ln(sin ) ·(1  cos 2) d
0 0

2 2
1 1
=
2  ln(sin ) d + 2  ln(sin ) cos 2 d
0 0

 2 
 1  As 
I = – ln 2  I1  ln (sin ) d  ln 2 
4 2  2 
 0 
2 2
1 2 1 cos 
I1 =  l
n (sin ) cos
    2 d = ln (sin ) sin 2  0 –  2 sin  cos  d
0 II
2 
 2 sin 
I 0
vanishes
2

=0–  cos
2
 d = – 
0 4

 ln (sin )    cot  tan 2 sin 2 

 As Lim  form   Lim  Lim  0 
 0  cosec 2    0  2 cosec 2 cot 2 0  2 tan  

   1
I=– ln 2  =  ln 2   Ans.
4 8 4  2

3  a
x
25. [Sol.51055/def/OMR I=  x  a   sin   dx
  a 2
Put (x – a – ) = t
2 2
 at at
I=  t sin    dt =  t cos  dt
2 2 2  2  2 

2 2
a t a t
= cos  t cos  dt  sin  t sin   dt
2 2 2 2 2  2
   
even zero being odd

499
 Definite Integration

2
a t
I = 2 cos  t cos 2 dt
2 0

t
Put = y, we get
2
 
a a   
I = 8 cos  y cos y dy = 8 cos  y sin y   sin y dy
2 0 I  II
2   0
0

zero

a a
 I = – 16 cos  – 16 cos = – 16
2 2
a a
 cos =1  = 2n  a = 4n, n  I
2 2
 4 
Sum = [4 + 8 + 12 + ........ + 96] =    100 = [24 × 50]  k = 1200 Ans.
2 

26. f (cos x) = cos 3x = 4 cos3 x – 3 cos x

cos x = t ; t  [–1, 1]
3
f (t) = 4t – 3t ; t  [– 1, 1]
1
 J =  ( 4 t 3  3t ) 2 1  t 2 dt put t = cos 
0


2
2
J=  cos 3 ·sin 2  d ...(1)
0

 
2 2
1 1
J=  (2 sin  cos 3) 2 d =  (sin 4  sin 2) 2 d
40 40


2
1
=  (sin 2 4  sin 2 2  2 sin  sin 4) d
40

  
2 2 2
1 1 2
J=  sin 2 4 d   sin 2 2 d   sin 2 ·sin 4 d
40 40 4
0 
using King and add  zero
2 
 1 2 1 1 2
J = 4 · 4  sin t dt  4 · 2  sin t dt
0 0

500
 Definite Integration

 
2 2 1  1  
1 2 1 2 ·  · =
J= sin t dt  sin t dt =
4 0 4 0 4 4 4 4 8

( 2016) J 2016 
 = · =252 Ans.
  8

27.
1 2 1 2 1 1
 x 1  x  x  2x  1  x  1
 2 x  x x 1  e
(A)   x2 1 
  e dx =  2 2 
e dx =  2  2 2
e dx = e   = 1
0 0  ( x  1)  0  x  1 ( x  1)   x 2  1 0 2

0 0 0

 x e 
2x 3 2x 3
(B)  x  1 dx =  xe dx   x x  1 dx
1 1 1

0 0
2x 3
Let I1 =  xe dx and I2 = x x  1 dx
1 1
Integrating I1 by parts, we get
0 0
xe 2 x e2x 3  e2
 =
2 4 4e 2
1 1

21 16e 2
compute I2 and add I1 + I2, we get Ans.
28e 2
4 4 4 1 2 1 2
sin x dx
 tan x  e 
sin x sin x du v
(D) cos x dx =  doxx
 e cos x dx =    e dv
0 0 0 1
u 0

 1 
  1  
=l n 1  l n   e
 2  e 0  = 1 ln ( 2)  e 2
 1 Ans.
  2    2
 

28. Given,
1 1
 f ( x ) dx = 13 +  f ( x 
2 2
) dx ... (1)
0 0
Consider,
1

 f ( x 
2 2
I1 = ) dx
0
Put x2 = t 2x dx = dt

501
 Definite Integration

1
1 f (t ) 2 dt
=
2
 t
0
 Equation (1) becomes
1 1
t f ( t ) 2  2 t f (t) 1

 f (t )  t  dt
2
2 dt +  dt  =0
0
t 0
2 t
0

 f(t) = t
1 1
So, f  
4 2
1
So, reciprocal of f   = 2
4

1
3x dx
29. I1 =  3  x
0

1
x 3dx
Now, I2 =  4
0 3x  ( 4  x 4 )
Let x 4 = 7  4x3dx = dt
1 1
1 dt 1 dt
I2 =  3t  (4  t ) = 4  31t (4  (1  t ))
4 0 0

1 1
1 3t dt 1 3x dx 1
=  =  = I
12 0 3  t 12 0 3  x 12 1

I1
 12 Ans.
I2

 1
{x}  ; x  I
30. We have f ( x )   2
0 ; xI

Clearly, f(x) is periodic with period = 1.
24 24 24 24
24
Now,  P( x ) dx = ( x )dx  P( x ) · x 0 –
 1 · P  x P' ( x )dx = 24 P(24) –  x P' ( x )dx
0 0 II I 0 0
( I .B.P )

24 1 1
 1
As, P(24) =  f ( t )dt = 24  f ( t ) dt = 24   t   dt = 0
0 0 0
2

502
 Definite Integration

24 24 1 2 24
 1  3  47 
and  x P' ( x ) dx   x f (x ) dx   x  x  2  dx   x  x  2  dx  .........  x x   dx
0 0 0 1 23
2 

24
1  1
 x P ' ( x )  24  12  2  As value of every definite integral is 
0  12 

24
So,  P(x ) dx = 0  2 = 2. Ans.]
0

31. 
3  6 1  sin 2 x  sin 4 x + cos4 x  4(1  cos2 x )
= 9  6 sin 2 x  sin 4 x + cos4 x  4 cos2 x  4 = (3  sin 2 x ) 2  (2  cos2 x ) 2
= 3 – sin2x + 2 – cos2x = 4. Ans.

2
32.  f x   f 4 x dx = 10. Let x = 2t  dx = 2dt
0

1 1
So, 2 f 2t   f 8t dt = 10   f 2x   f 8x dx = 5 ... (1)
0 0

1
Given that  f x   f 2 x dx = 5 ... (2)
0
From (1) + (2), we get
1

 f x   f 8x dx = 10 Ans.

0

1
4 t 2 dt
33. x = t4  I=  1  t  , t = sin 
0 1 t2
2 2 2
sin 2  d  1  d 
= 4  4   sin   1  d 4  1  sin  ,
0
1  sin  = 0  1  sin   = 4 – 2 + 0
u = tan
2
1 1
dt 8
= 4 – 2 + 8 2 = 4 – 2 –
t 1 = 8 – 2 Ans.
0 ( t  1) 0

   b
34. [Sol.232/def/QZ Let A (, 0), B(, 0) and (0, b) centroid =  , 
 3 3
 +=b –a=b
Now, f(x) = x2 – bx + b
Since, y = f(x) has distinct roots.

503
 Definite Integration
 b2 – 4b > 0  b  (– , 0)  (4, )
6

 x 
2
Now, I =  bx  b dx = 72 – 12b
0
But value of b cannot lie in [0, 4]
So, value of I cannot lie in [24, 72]

35. x  y, 0  ln f(x) – ln f(y)  (x – y)2

Let g(x) = ln f(x)
0  g(x) – g(y)  (x – y)2
g ( x )  g ( y)
 xy  x  y  x  y

g ( x  h )  g( x )
g ' ( x  ) = hLim
0 h  hLim
0
h

g' (x+) = 0
g x  h   gx 
|g ' (x–) |  hlim
0 h

g x   g x  h 
 hlim
0 h  hLim
0
h

g ' (x–) = 0  g' (x) = 0

 g(x) = c  ln f(x) = c  f(x) = ec  f(x) = 1. Ans.

1
x cos   1 
36. f () =  ln x dx , f  2  = 0
0

1 1
df cos  1  sin 
=   sin  ·x
cos 
dx =  sin  x =
d 0 cos   1 1  cos 
0

Integrating, f () = ln(1 + cos ) + C


f  = 0  C=0
2
 f () = ln(1 + cos ) Ans.]

504
 Definite Integration
n
x  1 1 
37. f(x) = 2 n    1·3 ·5....(2r  1)  1·3 ·5.....(2r  1) 
Lim
r 1  

x  1  x
= Lim1   =
2 n 1.3.5....(2n  1)  2

4 4 x  2 4
Hence ∫ [f ( x)]d( x  [x ]) =
0
0  2 dx = 0 0dx +1dx
2
=2 Ans.

an x
e 1 2
38. I=  x
dx where I = ln n. Also since Lim (a n  ln x ) exists hence Lim a n  
0
e  1 n  n

an
 2e  x 
 
I = 
0
1 
1  e x 


 dx = x  2ln 1  e x   an
0  
= an + 2 ln 1  e a n – [0 + 2 ln 2]


Hence ln n = an + 2 ln 1  e a n – ln 4 
 
an – ln n = ln 4 – 2 ln 1  e a n 
Lim (a n  ln n ) = ln 4 
n 
k = 4 Ans.

3
3 2 1 x 2 1
x 1  dx
39. I  dx =
x2  x  3 
1 1 x2
x  x  3x 2  x  1
4 3 1 
1 x x2

1 2 2 1  1  x2 1
Substitute y  x  , y  x  2  2 , dy  1  2  dx  2 dx
x x  x  x
4 3
3
dy
I 
2 y2  y 1

1 2 2 1
Substitute z  y  , z  y  y  , dz = dy
2 4
38 3
6
dz
I 5 3
z2 
2 4

2 4 2
Substitute v  z, v 2  z 2 , dv  dz
3 3 3

505
 Definite Integration

8 3
8 3
3
2 3 dv 2 3  3 2 3 8 3 5 3
I  2  arctan v  arctan  arctan 
3 v 1 = = 3  3 
5 3  3 5 3 3
3 3

8 3 5 3
Let  = arctan ,  = arctan
3 3

tan   tan  3(8  3  5 3 ) 3 2 3 13 3  21

tan ( – ) =  = 
1  tan  tan  9  5 3 (8  3 ) 2 35 3 44

2 3 13 3  21
I arctan
3 44

 1  1/x ln t 1 1
40. f    2
dt ; putting t  ; f    f(x) . ]
 x  1 1 t  t Z x

41. Integrate by parts

e

I= xf (x )e0   x f ' ( x) dx

0

f ' ( x )e f ( x )  f (x )·e f ( x ) ·f ' ( x )  1

x f ' ( x )  1  f ' ( x )·e f ( x )
e e
f (x )
I = e f(e) –  1 dx +  e ·f ' ( x ) dx Put x = 0 in original equation
0 0

I = e f(e) – (e – 0) + e f ( x )   e
0
f(0) = 0
I = e f(e) – e + ef(e) – ef(0) Let f(x) = 1 in original equation
I=e–e+e–1 e=x
I=e–1  f(e) = 1. ]

 x e 
x
 x  1 dx ea  a  1 1
42. Lim 0 = Lim =
a0 4a 2 8
a0 a4

 tan x  x  dx tan a  a 1
Lim 0 = Lim 3 =
a 0 4a 12
a  0 a4

506
 Definite Integration

 sin x  x  dx sin a  a 1
Lim 0 = Lim 3 =
a0 4a 24
a  0 a4

1 2 1 1
t  ·t  =0
8 12 24
3t2 + 2t – 1 = 0
(3t – 1) (t + 1) = 0
1
t= , 1
3
1 1
Lim  = 3 1 = 4. Ans.
a0  ( a ) ( a )

x 0
 2 
43. e–x f(x) +  f ( x ) dx = 2  ln  x  x  1  +  t f ( t ) dt
0
  x
Put x=0
f(0) = 2
1
e–x f '(x) – e–x f(x) + f (x) = – x f(x)
x2 1
Put x=0
f '(0) = 1
x
e–x f " (x) – 2 e–x f(x) + e–x f(x) + f '(x) = – x f ' ( x )  f ( x ) 
x2 1
Put x = 0, f "(0) – 2 f(0) + f(0) + f ' (0) = – f(0)
f "(0) = – f '(0) = – 1
 f (0) + f '(0) + f "(0) = 2. Ans.

4
 sin x  x cos x 
44. I=   x  2 sin x   2 cos x   dx
0  cos x  sin x 

  
 4   
 cos x  sin x  
=    2 sin x x  2cos x x  dx
0  f (x )

 sin x  
 

f (x )

cos x


 x f '( x )  x f '( x )  

   
I = x 2 sin x  x  2 cos x  4
0 
= 2x sin x  cos x 4
0 = 0 Ans.

507
 Definite Integration

x 1 1  9 1 
45. =   4x   12 here x   , 5 
4x 2  2x  9 
4x   2
10  x 5 
x
5 5
1 x  1 x 
I   2  dx +   2  dx
x  4 x  2 x  9  x  9 x  2 x  4 
1
/ 5  
1 / 5  
I1 I2

5
1 x 
I2    2  dx
x
1 / 5  9x  2 x  4 

1 1
putting x =  dx = – 2 dt
t t

 1 
1/ 5   1 5
I2    t  t dt 1 t 
9 2  2    2  dt
5    4  t 1/ 5
t  4 t  2 t  9 
 t 2 t 

5
1  x   x 
Now, I    2  +  2   dx
1/ 5
x   4 x  2 x  9   4 x  2 x  9 
5
1
= I  dx { {x} + {– x} = 1 when x  I }
1/ 5
x

 I = ln x 15/ 5 = 2ln 5 = p ln q + 3tan–1r

 p = 2, q = 5 & r = 0
 p+q+r=7

k
1 n  n 2  (k  1)2 
46 Lim  ln  
n n n 2
 k 2 
k 1  

 1 2 3 n
1    n 2  02   n 2  12   n 2  22   n 2  (n  1)2   
= Lim  ln   2 2  ·  2 · ·. ·  
n  n    n  1   n  22   n 2  32   n 2  n 2   
  

2 2 2 2 2 2
1   n · (n  1 ) · (n  2 ) ·. · n  (n  1)
= Lim ln
2
  
n n   (2n 2 ) n 
  

1   1  1 12   1 22   1 (n  1) 2   
 
= Lim ln ·   2  ·   2  ·. ·   2 
n  n   2  2 2n   2 2n   2 2n   


508
 Definite Integration

1
1 n 1  1 r 2  1 x2 
= Lim  ln   2  =   1 · ln   dx

n n
r 0  2 2 n  0 I  2
I

1 1 1
1 x  1 x   2x 2
S =  1 . ln   = x ln   –  dx
  2  dx  2  1  x 2
0 II     0 0
I

1 x 2 1 1
dx  
 
=0–2 
 0 1  x
2
dx  
0 1  x 2  = – 2 x  tan x


1
  1
0 = – 2 1   = – 2
 4 2
 1 Ans.


47. 2 3 4 5
I=  (cos 2 x ·cos 2 x ·cos 2 x ·cos 2 x ·cos 2 x ) dx
  
 f (x )


I = 2  f ( x ) dx [f (x) is even]
0


2
I = 2 · 2  f (x )dx (using Queen)
0


2
I = 4  f (x ) dx = 4I1
0


2
Now I1 =  f (x ) dx
0
using King
I1 = – I1
 I1 = 0
 I = 0 Ans.

1
e x (e x  e  x )  ( x  1) ( e x  e  x )
48. I=  dx
1 x (e x  1)

1
(e x  e  x ) (e x  x  1)
I=  x
dx ... (1)
x ( e  1)

1 
 king

509
 Definite Integration

1
(e x  e  x ) (e  x  x  1) e x
I=  dx
1 x (e x  1)
1
(e x  e  x ) (1  xe x  e x )
I=  dx ... (2)
1 x (e x  1)
(1) & (2)
1
(e x  e  x ) ( xe x  x )
2I =  x
dx
1 x ( e  1)
1
2I = 2  (e x  e  x ) dx
0

1 1
I = e x  e x = e Ans.
0 e


49 L= Lim 
1
n  n 2
dx
1
1 1
= Lim n tan nx
n  n
 
a

n   2

= Lim   tan 1 na 

a x 
2
n

0 if R  0
L =  2 if R  0 ]
 if R  0


1

1 x k 1  x 
dx
50 I = f (k) =  (k  1)  x 2
1

1  

k  1  1  x   1
 dx  x 1  x dx

f (x) =  
1 k 1 x2 1 k  1  x
2
 
zero ( odd function )

1
1 x2
f (k) = 2 k  1  2
dx
0
k  (1  x )
Put x = sin 
2
cos2   2 2
d 
f (k) = 2 k  1  d = 2 k  1   d  k  2

0
k  cos2   0 0 k  cos  

 2
sec 2  d    k 
= 2 k  1   k  1  k(1  tan 2 )  = 2 k  1   
 2 0   2 2 k 1 

510
 Definite Integration

 f (k) =   k 1 k 
99 99
Now  f (k ) =   k 1  k 
k 0 k 0

  2  1  3  2  ........   100 

=  (1  0)  99 
=   100  0  = 10  p = 10 Ans.

2
f ( x ) ·(1  x )
51. I=  dx .......(1)
12 x x2 1

1
put x =
t

1
2 f   1  x 
x dx
I=  .......(2)
12 x x2 1
1+2
2
(1  x )   1 
2I =   f ( x )  f    dx
1 2 x 1 x 
2  x 

2
x 1
2I = 10  dx
2
12 x 1 x

2
x 1
Consider I1 =  dx x = tan 
2
1 2 x 1 x

tan 1 2 tan 1 2 tan 1 2

(1  tan ) (sin   cos )
I1 =  tan  sec  d =  sin  cos  d =  (sec   cosec ) d
1 1 1 1 1
tan tan tan 1
2 2 2

1
tan 2
I1 = ln (sec   tan )  ln (cosec   cot )  1 1
tan
2

  5 1    5 1  
I 1 =  ln

 
5  2  ln 
2
   –  ln 
2   2
   ln
2
 5 2 


     

I1 = ln   
5  2  ln 
5  1  ln 2 – ln   5  1  ln   

5  2  ln 2 = ln    5  2 5  1 
  5  1 5  2 
511
 Definite Integration

 3 5 
I1 = ln  

 3  5 

 3 5 
 I = 5I1 = 5 ln    k = 5 Ans.
3  5 
 
x
52. [Sol.41431/def g (x) =  f (t) d t ; g  (x) = f (x)  g  (x) is odd  g (x) is even
0

2n 2
1 1 
g (2 n) =  f (t) d t = n  f (t) d t = n   f ( t )d t   f (  t )d t  = 0 ]
0 0  0 0 
x2 2 x2 x
Again g (x + 2) =  f (t) =  f (t) d t +  f (t) d t = g(2) +  f (y + 2) d y = 0
0 0 2 0

x
=  f (y) d y  g (x + 2) = g (x) (as g (2) = 0)
0

53 Let Ak = (2t, t2)

t 2 1  
 Slope of FAk = = tan    k 
2t  0 2 
2t
 tan k = = tan(2) (Say) y
1 t2

)
t,t 2
k (2
F(0,1)

A
k +
2 k
x
O(0,0)

k k
 = = where tan  = t
2 4n
 k 
Also FAk = (t 2  1) 2  (2 t ) 2 = t2 + 1 = 1 + tan2 = sec2  4n 
 
1 1
1 n 1 n    k   x  4 x 
 Lim  FA k  Lim  sec 2     =  sec 2   dx =  tan  = 4 Ans.
n  n k 1 n  n k 1  4  n  0  4   4 0 

512
 Definite Integration
Paragraph for question nos. 54 to 56

Sol
x 1
 3 1
.54. We have  f ( t ) dt  k  x 3  x 2   ......(1)
x  2 4
Now, on differentiating both the sides with respect to x, we get
f(x + 1) – f(x) = 3kx2 + 3kx
 f(x + 1) = f(x) + 3kx (x + 1) ........(2)
Put x = 0 in equation (2) , we get
f(1) = f(0) = 0 (As f is an odd function on R, so f(0) = 0.)
Also, f(– 1) = 0
Hence f(x) = kx (x – 1) (x + 1)
As f(2) = 6 (Given), so k = 1
 f(x) = (x3 – x)
Clearly f(x) is a cubic function.
10  10   10 
55  r  3
r  =  r

3
–  r
 r 1 
r 1 r 1   

(10) 2 (11) 2 (10) (11)

= – = 3025 – 55 = 2970. Ans. y
4 2
 1 2 
 , 
0 0 0  3 3 3
56  t   t 
3 3
Also,  f ( t) dt =
1
 t dt =
1
 t dt
(–1,0)
1 x
O
0
(0, 0)
 t4 t2  1 1 1  1 2 
=    =0–   = Ans.  , 
4 2 4 2 4  3 3 3
  1

x
2 4t f (t)
57. f (x)   dt y
0
(1  t 2 )
R

4x f (x)
 2f (x ).f ' ( x ) 
(1  x 2 )
Q
2x x
 f ' (x )  (f(x) is not constant) O
1 x2
 f (x) = ln(1 + x2)
A(0,)
 f ' (1)  f ' ( 1)  0
Since f(x) is symmetrical about y-axis, hence OAP = 45°
 slope of AP = 1

513
 efinite Integration

2x
 1 x = 1
1  x2
Equation of AP is , y – ln 2 = (x – 1)
  = ln 2 – 1
Quadrilateral APRQ is square.
AP = 2 , R = [0, 1 + ln 2]. Ans.

k2
58. f(y) = y2 – 2y – 2


k2
= (y – 1)2 – 2 – 1.

Now,
k2
  5 11  2

2
1  0

k2
 < 4  k  (– 2, 2)
2
 a = – 2 and b = 2
b 
4 2
3 3
I =  sin x cos x sin x  cos x  dx =  sin
3
x cos3 x sin x  cos x  dx
a 
4 2


2 4
3 ·1 · 2
= 2  sin 4 x cos3 x dx = 2 =
7 · 5 · 3 ·1 35
0
35I = 4. Ans.

x x
59. x  g ( t ) dt   1  t  g( t ) dt = x4 + x2
0 0
differentiate w.r.t. x
x
3
x g(x) +  g( t) dt  (1  x ) g( x)  4x  2x
0
Again differentiate w.r.t x
g '(x) + g(x) = 12 x2 + 2
1 1
12 dx
Now,  g'g  10 dx =  x 2  1 = tan
1
x 
1
0 

4
. Ans.
0 0

514
 efinite Integration

f (x ) x
1
60. From  e t dt =   t  dt , we get
f ( y) y

ef (x) – ef (y) = ln x – ln y
 ef (x) – ln x = c  f (x) = ln(ln x + c)

1
As, f  =0  c=2
e
 f (x) = ln(ln x + 2)

ln ( x  2); x  k
Now, f g (x ) = ln (2  x 2 ); 0  x  k

 for containing at x = k, ln(k + 2) = ln(2 + k2)
 k2 = k  k = 0, 1. But k > 0
so, k = 1 Ans.

x
1
61.  4 t 
2
f(x) = 2  2f ' t  dt
x 4

 4t 
2
x2 f(x) =  2f ' ( t ) dt
4
Different both sides
x2 f '(x) + 2x f (x) = 4x2 – 2 f '(x)
put x=4
16 f '(4) + 0 = 64 – 2 f '(4)
64 32
f '(4) =  . Ans.
18 9

6

62. [Sol.206/def/QZ I =  ln ( 3  tan x) dx  12 ln 3
0 I1

Using King in I1

6
 
I1 =  ln ( 3  tan   x  dx
6 
0


6  1  3 tan x 
I1 =  ln  3  dx
0  3  tan x 

515
 efinite Integration


6
 4 
I1 =  ln  13  tan x  dx
0


 2I1 = (ln 4)
6

I1 = ln 4
12
 4
 I= ln   . Ans.
12 3

x 2
x2 x
63.  f ( t ) dt =   t 2f ( t ) dt  f(x) = x – x2 f(x)  (1 + x2) f(x) = x  f(x) = . Ans.
2 x 1  x2
2

64. f (x) = 1  x 1  (x  1) 1  ( x  2)(x  4) = 1  x 1  ( x  1) x 2  6 x  9

= 1  x 1  ( x  1)(x  3) = 1  x x 2  4x  4 = 1  x (x  2)

= x 2  2x  1 = (x + 1)
100
100
( x  1) 2 (101) 2  12 100  102
 I=  ( x  1) dx = 2 = = = 5100. Ans.
0 0 2 2

65. nx = t
n
1 3
Lim  sin t dt
n n
0
Put n=a
a
3
 sin t dt
0
Lim
a a
a = n , nI
n
3
 sin t dt
0
Lim
n n

516
 efinite Integration


3
n  sin t dt
0
Lim
n n
2 1 4
2· · 
3  3
Note : if n  I
n n  h
3 3
 | sin t | dt  | sin t | dt
4
n
. Ans.
0
then Lim + =
n n n
 
 3
zero

4
ln (cot x )
66. I=  ·(sin 2 x ) 2008 dx
0 (sin x) 2009
 (cos x ) 2009 2

4
ln (cot x ) 2 2008 (sin x ) 2008 (cos x ) 2008
=  · dx
0 1  (cot x)  2009 2
(sin x ) 2009 (sin x ) 2009

4
2 2008 ln (cot x ) 2009 2009(cot x ) 2008
= – (2009)   · dx
0 1  (cot x)  2009 2
( sin 2 x )

 2009(cot x ) 2008
Let (cot x)2009 = u, dx = du
sin 2 x
1 1 1
2 2008 ln ( u ) 2 2008  ln u  2 2008
du
=   du = 1  u  – ( 2009) 2  u (1  u )
( 2009)   (1  u ) 2 ( 2009) 2   

1 1
2 2008 1 1  2 2008  u  2 2008 ln 2 a b ln a
=–   du =– l n
 u  1 = =
( 2009) 2   u u  1 ( 2009) 2   (2009) 2 c2
 a = 2, b = 2008 and c = 2009  (a + b + c) = 4019 Ans.

 x2 x4 x6 1 1 
x 2n   (odd) dx  0 
67. 
We have In = 2  x 1     ......   dx
  
0 
2 4 6 2n   1 
1
 x2 x4 x6 x 2n  2   1 1 1 1 
= 2    .......   = 21·2  2 ·4  4 ·6  .......  2n (2n  2) 
1·2 2 ·4 4 ·6 2n (2n  2)   
0

1  1   1 1   1 1  1 1 
= 1  1            .....    
2  2   2 3   3 4   n n  1 

517
 efinite Integration

 1 1  3
Hence nLim 1  1   =
  2  n  1   2
 p=3 ; q=2  pq(p3 + q2) = (3)(2)[27 + 4] = 186 Ans.

b
e x a  eb x
68. I=  dx
a
x
let x = at  dx = a dt
ba
e t  e b at
=a  dt
1
at


e t  e t
I=  dt ....(1) (where b/a = )
1
t

 
put t=  dt = – dy
y y2
1
( e y  e y ) y 
I=–  · 2 dy

 y
1 
( e y  e  y )dy ( e t  e  t )dt
I=  y or I=–  t ....(2)
 1
from (1) and (2) 2I = 0  I = 0 Ans.

 
69. x= –  dx = – , 2x = – 2.
4 2
0 4
   6 2
6 6
I =  (cos 2  sin 2) ln 1  tan     d() =  (cos 2  sin 6 2) ln d
4  4  0
1  tan 

4
6
= (ln 2)  (cos 2  sin 6 ) d – I
0

4
6
2I = (ln 2)  (cos 2  sin 6 ) d
0
Here, we have
sin6 + cos6 = (sin2 + cos2)3 – 3sin2 cos2 (sin2 + cos2)
3 2 3  1  cos 4 
= 1 – 3sin2 cos2 = 1 – sin 2 = 1 –  
4 4 2 

518
 efinite Integration

1
= (5 + 3cos 4)
8
4
ln 2 5 l n 2 5 l n 2
 2I =  (5  3 cos 8) d = I= . Ans.
8 0
32 64

x
2 cos t
70. f '(x) =  dt  f '(x) tan x = 2  ln (sin t )  x  f '(x) tan x = 2 ln (sin x) + 2 ln 2
6
sin t 6

 f '(x) = 2cot x ln (sin x) + 2cot x ln 2  f '(x) = [ln2(sin x) + 2ln 2 ln (sin x)]

 f(x) = ln2 (sin x) + 2 ln 2 ln (sin x) + C

For x =  0 = ln22 – 2ln22 + C  C = ln22
6
So, f(x) = ln2(sin x) + 2ln 2 ln (sin x) + ln22  f(x) = [ln 2 + ln (sin x)]2 = ln2(2sin x). Ans.

71. g(p) = 1 – 2p cos x + p2

g(–p) = 1 + 2p cosx + p2
h(x) = g(p)·g(–p) = (1 + p2)2 – 4p2 cos2x = 1 + 2p2 + p4 – 4p2cos2x
= 1 – 2p2(2cos2x – 1) + p4
h(x) = 1 – 2p2 cos 2x + p4 ...........(1)
also g(p2) = 1 – 2p2 cos x + p4 ...........(2)
 x
from (1) h   = 1 – 2p2cosx + p4 = g(p2) ................(i)
2


 n (1  2p cos x  p
2
again K(p) = ) dx ..................(3)
0

 

=  n (1  2p cos x  p ) dx  2K(p) =  n (p  1)  4 p cos x dx

2 2 2 2 2
 
0 0


or
4 2 2
 2
2K(p) =  n p  2p  1  4p cos x dx 
0


 n (1  2p
2
= cos 2x  p 4 ) dx put 2x = t
0

2 2
1 1

K(p) = 2  n 1  2p cos t  p dt = 4
2 4
  1  2p
2

cos t  p 4 dt
0 0

2
1
40
2 4

K(–p) =  n 1  2p cos t  p dt  K(p) = K(–p)  K is even 
2
1
K(p) + K(–p) =  n 1  2p cos t  p dt
20
2 4
 

519
 efinite Integration
 

or 
2K(p) =  n 1  2p cos t  p dt =
2 4
  n g  p  dx = K(p2)
2

0 0

1
 K(p) = K(p2)
2
1
K(x) = K(x2)
2

72. put x = cot   dx = – cosec2 = d

2
2
2 cot   (cosec2 ) 2 · 2 sin  ·cos   (cosec2 ) ·
J=  d =  d
1  (cosec2 ) 4 sin 2   
4

2 2
(2 sin  ·cos   1)  1   ·cosec 2  2 sin 2   
=  2
d = ln (sin 2   ) +  2 2
d
4 sin    4  4 sin (sin   )

  
 1  2
= ln  2  + 2
1
 cosec  d = (ln 2) + 1  100(1 + ln 2 – ln 2) = 100 Ans.
  4
2 4
1
2 x  (1  x 2 ) 2 cot 1 x
Aliter: J =  dx
0 (1  x 2
) 1  (1 
 x 2
) cot 1
x 
Divide by (1 + x2)2

2x  2x 1   1 1 
1 2 2
 cot 1 x 1
 2 2

 (1  x ) 1  x 2    1  x 2  cot x 

(1  x )  
J=  dx =  dx
1 1 1 1
0  cot x 0  cot x
1 x2 1 x2

 2x 1   1 
   cot 1 x 
 (1  x 2 ) 2  1  x 2 
1 1 2
=   dx   1  x  dx . Now proceed.]
 1    1 
0 
2
 cot 1 x  0
2
 cot 1 x 
1 x  1 x 

sin ( n cos 1 x ) n  cos1 x 

73. L1 = Lim = Lim  
 1 x  = n
x 1 1 x 1 x x 1 1  x
 

1  cos ( n cos1 x ) n 2 (cos1 x ) 2  1 

L2 = Lim = Lim  
x 1 (1  x ) (1  x ) x 1 2 (1  x )  2 

520
 efinite Integration

n2
 L2 =
2
n2 3
Given, +n=
2 2
 n2 + 2n = 3  n2 + 2n – 3 = 0  (n + 3) (n – 1) = 0
 n = 1 or n = – 3
Since, n  N
 n = 1  Sum = 1. Ans.

n 1
r6 6
 n7 x dx
Required limit nLim
r 1
74. n = 0
]

r2 n r3 1 1
 n3  n 4 x
2 3
dx  x dx
r 1 r 1 0 0

75. ln x = t  x = et
2
( 4 t 2  1) t
I=  t · t e dt
1

2  1 3  2  1 1  2  1 3 
  t  2 
2 t
I =  e 4t  t 2 dt =  e 4t  2 t 2 dt –  e 2 t 2  t 2  dt
t 
     
1   1   1  

2 2
1
 1 
=e t
· 4t 2 
 

– e 2 t 2  = e 2 · 4 2  4e –
t 
   2
2e 2  2e = 3 2e  2e = 18 e 2  4 e
  1
1

Hence minimum value of (a + b) = 22. Ans.

 1  (1  x 
2 100 200
76. Let I1 = ) x dx
0

1
Put 1 – x2 = t then x dx = – dt
2
0 1
100 200  1  1
 I1 =  (1  t )   2 dt =  (1  t100 ) 200 dt ...(1)
1   2
0
1 1
1
and similarly I 2   (1  t100 ) 202
2
 1

dt = (1  t100 ) 202 · t 0  202 ·100 (1  t100 ) 201 (  t 99 ) t dt

0 0
(Integrating by parts)

521
 efinite Integration

1 1 1
100 201 100 100 202
= 0  20200  (1  t ) (1  t  1) dt =  20200  (1  t )  20200  (1  t100 ) 201 dt
0 0 0

 I 2   20200 I 2  20200I1
I1 20200 p
  
I 2 20201 q
 (q – p) least = 1 Ans.

 1 1 x 
 
77. l = xLim
sin  22   sin 1
1 
 
sin x  [1  x ] sin 1  [ x ]
m = Lim  sin 1
x 1 x 1
100   sin 1 100   sin 1

 sin x cos(cos x ) (1  sin x ) dx   cos x sin(cos x) (1  sin x ) dx

sin 1 sin 1

100   sin 1

=  sin x cos cos x   cos x sin cos x  1  sin x  dx

sin 1

100   sin 1

 sin x  cos x  1  sin x  dx

=   
sin 1 Periodic with period 2 

2

= 50  sin x  cos x  1  sin x  dx x + cos x = t

0

 (1 – sin x) dx = dt
1  2 2
= 50  sin t dt  50  sin t dt  0 . Ans.
1 0

100 100 100 100 100

2000
78. I=   x dx    
x  [ x ] dx =  x dx   [ x ] dx =
3
  [ x ] dx
0 0 0 0 0

1 4 9 100

=  0 dx   1 dx   2 dx  .....   9 dx  615
0 1 4 81

2003 155
 I=  615 = , so 3I = 155 ]
3 3

522
 efinite Integration

x x
2 sin 1  2 cos 1 
e 2 e 2
79. I1 =  dx = e2  dx = e2 I
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
0 sin cos 0 sin cos
e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2

cos1
x  cos 1
x
cos 1 1 
x 
2 2 2 2 2 
e 1  e e
  dx
2 0  sin 1 x
I=  dx = 
x x x x x
0 sin 1
cos 1 cos 1 sin 1 1  cos 1 1  
2 2  e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 
e e

 cos 1
x
sin 1
x  2
2 1
1  e 2 e 2

  dx = 2  1 dx  1
2 0  sin 1 x
  x x x
cos 1 cos 1 sin 1  0
2 2 2 2
 e e e e 

1
k = 1, l = . Ans.
2

 1  2 1
80.
x 1
2 x 2  2   1  x 2 = 62  2
 x  2x 1

 2 1  2  2 1 
= 2 x  2   1  x = 6   2 x 1  2 
 x   2 x 1 
L.H.S.  4 and R.H.S.  4
equation will satisfy at x = ± 1
 x1 = – 1 and x2 = 1
4
x    {x}  
Now,   4  1  tan 1  {x}   dx
0  
{x} 1 {x}  1
 = 1   0, 
1  {x} 1  {x} 1  {x}  2
 {x}    {x}  
 tan   < 1 and  tan   = 0
 1  {x}    1  {x} 
4 4
x  x x x  x
   4  dx =  4 dx 0  x  4; 0 
4
 1;    =
4  4
0 0

4
1  x2  1
=   = ·16 = 2 Ans.
4 2 0 8

523
 efinite Integration

27 3
81.  x f ' ( x) dx =  – 3  x 2 f ( x3 ) dx
0 0
x3 = t  3x2 dx = dt
27 27

 x f ' ( x ) dx =–  f (t ) dt
0 0

27 27

 x f ' ( x ) dx +  f ( x ) dx = 
0 0

27
=  f ( x )  x f ' ( x ) dx = x f (x) 027
0
 = 27 f(27) – 0
1 1
= 27 · =9 {f is decreasing  f(27) = }
3 3

sin x
e t dt
82. g(x) = e2x + 
0 cos 2 x  2t sin x  t 2

king

sin x
e  t dt
 g(x) = e2x + e sin x  1 t2
0

g(0) = 1  f(1) = 0
sin x
e  t dt
g '(x) = 2e2x + sec x + e sin x · cosx  1 t2
0

g'(0) = 3
g (f (x)) = x
g f ( x )  · f '(x) = 1
g' f (1)  · f ' (1) = 1

1
g ' (0) · f '(1) = 1  f '(1) = .
3
sin x
e  t dt
g "(x) = 4e2x + sec x · tan x + sec x + esin x · cos x  1 t2
0
g(0) = 1
g'(0) = 3
g"(0) = 5. Ans.

524
 efinite Integration

83. (x2 + x + 1) P(x – 1) = (x2 – x + 1) P(x) .......(1)

P(x ) P(x  1) P( x  1)
2 = 2 =
x  x 1 x  x 1 ( x  1) 2  ( x  1)  1

P(x ) P( x  1)
Hence, 2 = = constant = k
x  x 1 ( x  1) 2  ( x  1)  1
 P(x) = k (x2 + x + 1), P(1) = 3
 P(x) = x2 + x + 1
1 1
1   2x  2x 
Now,  tan   dx =  tan 1   dx
0
2 
1 P x    0
4 2
1 x  x 1

1
1 

2x 

=  tan  1  ( x 2  x  1)( x 2  x  2)  dx
 
0

=  tan 1
( x 2  x  1)  tan 1 ( x 2  x  1) dx 
0

1
 1  
=   2  cot ( x 2  x  1)   cot 1 ( x 2  x  1) dx
0
2 

 cot 
1
= ( x 2  x  1)  cot 1 ( x 2  x  1) dx
0

1
 1  1  1  1 
=   tan  2   tan  2   dx
0  1 x  x  1 x  x 

1  
 1 1 1 1

=   tan x  tan ( x  1)  tan (1  x )  tan x  dx
0   
 King 

1 1 1 1
1
=  tan x dx   tan x dx   tan ( x  1)   tan 1 x
1 1

0 0 0 0

1 1 1
1 
2x   1
 tan  
2 
 dx   tan ( 1  x ) dx = 3  tan 1 x dx = 3   ln 2
1

0  1  P( x )  0 0 4 2 

525
 efinite Integration

 1 1
1 x   1 
= 3  tan x · x  2  = 3  ln 2 
0 1 x 
0
  4 2 

3
=   2 ln 2 = 3   ln 4
4 4
3
=   ln 4  k = 12 Ans.
4

  
2
 ( x 2) 2
 dx  ( x  2)2
84. I= e
( x  4 x 1)
dx = e
3
= e3 e dx
  
Put x + 2 = t

2
 e dt = e3  . Ans.
t
I= e3


t
dx
85. Consider I =  1  x 2 3 (put, x = y3)
1

t1 3 t1 3
3y 2 3 ( y 2  1)  3
So, I=  dy =  dy
1
1  y2 1
1  y2

3
 I = (3t1/3 – 3) – 3 tan 1 t1 3    4

3

Now, L = Lim  3t1 3  3  3 tan 1 t1 3 
t   4

 at b 

 
1
For L to exist, a = 3 and b =
3
 3  
and hence L =  –3= –3
4 2 4
So, 4L = – 3 – 12  12 = – 4L – 3
Hence, ab – 4L – 3 = 1 + 12 = 13. Ans.

86 I=


 1  cos x  cos 2x  .....  cos(2013 x ) 1  sin x  sin 2x  .....  sin (2013 x )  dx


Using King and add

526
 efinite Integration


2I =  2 1  cos x  cos 2x  .....  cos(2013 x )  dx


 
 I=  1dx   cos x  cos 2x  .....  cos(2013 x )  dx
 

 
= 2  1dx  2  cos x  cos 2x  .....  cos(2013 x ) dx = 2
0 
0 

zero

 I = 2. Ans.

1 x  ( x  1)
87.
1
cot–1(1 – x + x2) = tan = tan–1 = tan–1 x – tan –1(x – 1).
1 x  x2 1  x ( x  1) 2
1 1
1
Also,  tan ( x  1)dx = –  tan 1 x dx
0 0

1 1 1

 tan 
1 2 1 1
Therefore,  cot (1  x  x ) dx = x  tan ( x  1) dx = 2  tan 1 x dx ,
0 0 0

1
1
cot (1  x  x 2 ) dx
Hence 0
1 = 2 Ans.
1
 tan x dx
0

88. 1 + 2 cos x + 2 cos (2x) + .......... + 2 cos (nx)

 1 
sin   n   x 
=  2   = sin (nx) cot x  + cos (nx) ,
x 2
sin  
 2

 
x
we have an =  cot  sin ( nx ) dx =
2
 (1  2 cos x  2 cos(2x )  .....  cos(nx )  dx
0 0


=  1 dx  0   .
0
Thus, S = 2013  and cos S = cos (2013) = – 1

527
 efinite Integration

4 4
1
n
k4 n
 1  k  3 3
89 Lim  3
7 =
Lim      =  x 3 dx = . Ans.
n
k 1 n n 
k 1  n   n 
7
0


   e (1 x ) t  
90. e
t
e  xt
dt =  e (1 x ) t
dt  f(x) =   =
0 0  1  x  t 0 x  1
(Since, x > 1, e(1 – x)t  0) which has range (0, )]

x3 1 x3 x3 3
t2 t2 t2 2 2
91. [Sol.36/def/SC  e dt =  e dt   e dt =  e dt   e dt = g(x3) – g(3) Ans.
t t

3 3 1 1 1

3
dx
92. We have I1 = ln (1 + 3 ); I2 =  1 x2
0


I2 =
3

 1 3  1
 dx  dx
I0 = nLim I = Lim   1 xn   1  x n  =  dx  1
 n n 
 0 
1   0
zero

Hence I0 = 1. Now verify all alternatives.

2
dt
93 I = 4  (sin 2 2x  sin 4 2x ) dx ; 2x = t  dx =
2
0
 2
2 4 2   3  3 
hence 2  (sin t  sin t ) dt = 4  (cos t  sin 4 t ) dt ; 4   =   = Ans.
0 0  4 16  4 4

a 1
94.  f ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx = 2f (a) + 3a + b
0 a
Differentiating w.r.t. by a Leibnitz rule,
3
2 f (a) = 2 f ' (a) + 3 or f ' (a) – f (a) =
2
a linear differential equation with integrating factor e–a

528
 efinite Integration

 3 a 3
 f (a)e–a =  e da = e  a  A
2 2
3
f (a) =  Ae a
2
3  3 1
f (1) = 0   Ae = 0  A= e
2 2
3
 f (a) =
2

1  e a 1 
3
f (x) =
2

1  e x 1 Ans. 
1
dx
95. I=  (1  e x )(1  x 2 ) ....(1)
1

1
dx 1
=  1  e x ·1  x 2 (using King)
1

1
e x dx
I=  x 2 ....(2)
1 (1  e )(1  x )
adding (1) and (2)
1 1 1
(1  e x ) dx dx dx
2I =  x 2 =  (1  x 2 ) = 2  (1  x 2 )
1 (1  e )(1  x ) 1 0

1
dx
I=  (1  x 2 ) = tan–1(1) = /4
0
[convert it into value of definite integral 'I' is same as ]

kn
n e1 n 1
96. Let L = Lim   
k 1  k 
n

n
kn e1 n  1 1 n
 1  (k n ) 
Lim 1n

ln L = n  e  1  ln 
 k
 =

Lim 
n  1 n
·
n
 ln  k n

k 1 k 1  
1
ex 1  x 1
= Lim ·  ln   dx
n x 0  x 
1 1
ln L =  ln ( x  1) dx –  ln x dx
0 0

529
 efinite Integration


ln L = ( x  1) ln (x  1)  ( x  1)  1
0
– ( x ln x  x ) 
1
0

= [ (2 ln 2 – 2) – (–1)] – [(–1) – 0] Lim x ln x  0

x 0
= 2 ln 2 – 1 + 1 = ln 4
L = 4
 225 × 4 = 900 Ans.
= 2 ln 2 – 1 + 1 = ln 4  L = 4 Ans.

97 f(x) · ef(x) = x (Given)

 ln f ( x )  + f(x) = ln x
 f(x) = ln x – ln f ( x ) 
e e e e e

 f ( x ) dx =  ln x dx   ln f (x ) dx   f ( x ) dx = –  1 · l
n f ( x ) dx

0 
0
 0 0 0 II I
zero

e e e
e 
  f ( x ) dx =  ln f ( x )  · x 0
 f ' ( x ) · x dx = (– 0 + 0) +  f ' ( x ) · e f ( x ) dx
0 0
f ( x ) 0

= ef ( x ) 
e
0 = e – 1. Ans
Note: f(e) = 1 and f(0) = 0.
Put x = 0 in original eq.
f(0) = 0
Let f(x) = 1 in original equation
e=x
 f(e) = 1.

98. t = ln ln ln x
 
11 / 10
 t 1/ 10 
Given integral =  t dt =   = 10.

1   1 / 10 1

99. Put x = t4  dx = 4t3dt

2 2  2 ( t 2  1)  1  2 2
dt 
4t 3 4t 2 ( t  1) dt 
I=  2 dt =  dt = 4   dt  =4 
  1  t 
t  t 1  t 
1 1  t 
 
 1 1 
1 1

 t 2  2 

=4   t   l n (1  t )
2
 = 4 (0)    1   ln 3  ln 2 =  1  ln 3  = 4 ln 3 + 2 Ans.
 2  1
  2  2 2  2
 1     

 1 1
100. Note that in   ,  , sin–1(3x – 4x3) = 3 sin-1x and cos–1(4x3 – 3x) = 2 – 3 cos–1x
 2 2

530
 efinite Integration

hence f (x) = 3 sin–1x – 2 + 3 cos–1x = 
2
1/ 2
 
I=   dx   ]
2 1/ 2 2
[Alternate:
f (x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) – [ – cos–1(3x – 4x3 ) ]

= – + (sin–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (3x – 4x3)) = 
2
n
 1 
 ln 1   dx
x 
101 Lim 0  
n n 

 1 
ln 1  
n
Lim  = 2. Ans.
n 1
2 n
2
102  cos  ·f sin   1  sin 
2
I1 =  d
0
put sin  = t  cos  d = dt
1

I1 =  f t  1  t 2 dt  ....(1)
0
2

 2 sin  cos  ·f sin   1  sin 

2
Now, I2 =  d
0
put sin  = t  cos  d = dt
1

I2 =  2t ·f t  1  t 2 dt  .....(2)
0
1
 2
=  (1  t ) ·f 1  t  1  (1  t ) dt  (Using King)
0

1 1 1 
2

I2 = 2  (1  t ) ·f 1  t  t dt  2
, I2 =   f 1  t 
 t 2
dt  
  
t ·f 1  t  t 2 dt  ....(3)
0  0 0 
1
(2) + (3), 
2I2 = 2  f 1  t  t 2 dt 
0
1
I1
  2
I2 =  f 1  t  t dt   I 1 = I2  I2 = 1 Ans.
0

531
 efinite Integration

103. 
1
= 2
1
 x dx
0 x 1  x 1  1  x dx 0 1  x 1  1  x dx

1  1  x ' 1
   
= 4 = 8  1  1  x  = 8  1  2  2  .
 0  
0 1  1  x dx

10
 
2
x 1  2 x 1 1   
2
x 1  2 x 1 1
104. I=  dx
54 x 2 1

10 x 1  1  x  1 1
 dx
=
54
 x 1  x 1 
10 10 10
x 1  x  1 dx dx
=  dx =   
54
x 1 · x  1 54
x  1 5 4 x 1

12
= 2(x  1)  2x  1
12
10
54

10
  3 1 

= 2  11  3   2  2  
= 2 11  1  
   5 4
 a = 2; b = 11 and c = 1
 a + b + c = 14 Ans.
t 2

 | cos 2x | dx dV
105.
0
F (t) = (put 2x = V  dx = )
t 2
t

 | cos V | dV t t
= 0 =  | cos V | dV =   cos V dV as t  (0, 1]
2t 2t 0 2t 0
  sin t
=
2t
 sin V  t
0
=
2t

hence Lim F( t ) = Lim  sin t =  Ans.

t0 t 0 2 t 2

6 6
x
106. I =  x sec x ·sec(  6  x ) dx =  cos x cos 6  x 
dx
0 0

532
 efinite Integration

6
x sin{ x  (  6  x )}
 I=  · dx
0
sin  6 cos x ·cos 6  x 

   
6 sin x ·cos  x   cos x ·sin   x 
 I= 2 x· 6  6  dx
 
0 cos x cos   x 
6 
6
  
 I = 2  x · tan x  tan  x  dx
0  6 
Applying king properly and adding, we have
6
     
2I = 2   x   x  · tan x  tan  x  dx
0 
6   6 


6   6  
6 
 I= 6  2 tan x dx   tan   x dx   tan x dx 
0  0 6  0 

  
= [ln sec x ]0 6 =  ln sec  =  ln sec 
3 3 6
 
Clearly  = and =
3 6
335 335
 = = 2010 Ans.
| |  

3 6
107. f (x) simplifies to x2 + x + 1
1
2 1 1 11
 I =  ( x  x  1) dx = + + 1 = Ans.
0 3 2 6

x
2 sec 2 t sec 2 x
108 On differentiation f ( x ) 2   f (t ) · dt , we get f ' (x) =
4  tan t 4  tan x
0
 f (x) = ln(4 + tan x) + C;
f (0) = 0  C = – ln 4
( 4  tan x )
 f (x) = ln
4
1 1
7 14 4 17
109.  (1  x ) dx   (1  x ) dx
0 0

533
 efinite Integration
y = f (x) = (1 – x7)1/4
 y4 = (1 – x7)  x = (1 – y4)1/7
hence functions are inverse of each other
1 1 1 0

I =  f(x) dx   g(y) dy =  f(x) dx   x f ' ( x ) dx

0 0 0 1

Hence I =  f(x)  x f ' ( x ) dx = x f ( x)  1

0
= f (1) = 0 ]
0

Paragraph for question nos. 110 to 113

( n  1)  ( n  2)  .....  ( n  n ) 3n  1
110 An = = ;
n 2
An 3n  1 3
Lim = Lim = Ans.
n  n n 2n 2
111. Gn = (n  1)(n  2)....(n  n ) 1 n ;

G n   1  2   n 1 n 
 1  1  ....1  
n   n  n   n  

1
G  1 n  r 4
Lim ln  n  = Lim  ln 1   =  ln (1  x ) dx  2ln 2  1  ln  
n   n  n n r 1  n  0 e

Gn 4
 Lim = Ans.
n  n e
1
1 n r
Here use is made of the formula: n n  f  n    f ( x ) dx
Lim
r 1   0

n
112 Hn = ;
1 1 1
  ..... 
n 1 n  2 nn
n 1
n 1 dn
Lim
n  Hn
= Lim
n 
 r

1 x
 ln 2
r 1 1  0
n
Hn
 Lim = (ln 2)–1 Ans.
n  n
12
 (n  1) 2  (n  2) 2  .....  (n  n ) 2 
113 Rn =  
 ;
 n 

534
 efinite Integration

2 2 1
R  1 n  r 7
Lim  n   Lim  1     (1  x ) 2 dx  ;
n  n n  n n 3
 r 1  0

Rn 7
 Lim = Ans.
n  n 3
3
114. I=  ( x  1)(3  x )( x  2) dx
1
let x = cos2 + 3 sin2
dx = 2 sin 2 d
x – 1 = 2 sin2; 3 – x = 2 cos2 and
x – 2 = cos2 + 3 sin2 – 2 = 2 sin2 – 1 = – cos 2
2
I=  2 sin  ·2 cos 2  ·cos 2 2 sin 2 d
0

2
2
=  4 sin  ·cos 2  ·2 sin 2 cos 2 d
0

2
3
=  2 sin 2 cos 2 d
0
put 2 = t
 2
dt
I =  2 sin 3 t cos t =2  (sin
3
t ·cos t ) dt
0
2
0
put sin t = y
1
1 y4 1
3
I = 2  y dy = 2 · = Ans.
4 2
0 0

t t
sin 
115. Consider I =  tan  cos  ln (cos ) d =  ln (cos ) d
cos   
0 0  II
II
t
I = ln (cos )  2 cos       cos
t
0
sin  

 2 d
0
t
sin 

=  2 cos t ln (cos t )  0  2   cos 
d
0
t
 1
=  2 cos t ln (cos t )  4  cos t 2 
 0

535
 efinite Integration

 1 
=  2 cos t ln (cos t )  4 cos t  2  1
 
1
=  2 cos t ln (cos t )  4cos t 2  4

zero

Now Lim I= Lim 4 cos t  2 Lim cos t ln (cos t ) – 4
  
t t t
2 

2 
 2
0
 – 4 Ans.

xy
116 Given F(y) = ∫ f ( t) dt with f(2) = 2.
x

x
Find  f ( t ) dt
1

xy
F' ( y)
F(y) =  f ( t) dt  F '(y) = f(xy) x  = f(xy).
x
x

4
f(2) = 2  F '(y) =  F(y) = 4 log y
y
x
1
Hence, F   = – 4 log x   f ( t ) dt = 4 ln x Ans.
x 1

xy
Aliter: Given  f ( t) dt is independent of x
x
hence its derivative w.r.t. x is zero
 y f (xy) – f (x) = 0
f (x)
 f (xy) =
y
2 4
put xy = 2  y= . Hence f (x) =
x x
x x
4
  f ( t ) dt =  t dt = 4 ln x Ans.
1 1

3 3 3
ln ( x  1)  1 1
117. By parts,  2
dx = ln(x + 1)    +  x ( x  1) dx
1 x  x 1 1

536
 efinite Integration

 1 
=  ln 4  ln 2  + lnx  ln ( x  1)13
 3 
1 2
= ln2 + (ln 3 – ln 4) – (ln 2) = ln 3 – ln 2
3 3
1
= (ln 27 – ln 4) Ans.
3

Paragraph for question nos. 118 to 120

 
 3( x 2  1)  | x |   
 |x|   As 0  | x |  1 1
Sol. We have H(x) =  = 3  x 2  1  
 x2 1     2
x 1 1 2
 |x| 
 | x | 

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), x  (,  2)  (2,  )

So, H(x) = 3, x0
2, x  [–2, 2]  {0}


Also, H(x) is an even function on R, so graph of H(x) is symmetrical about y-axis.

y=2
x
–2 O 2

(0, – 4) y=–4

Graph of H(x)

8
Note : H(x) = tan–1(3 – | x | ), | x | > 2

Also for |x| > 2, 3 – |x|  (– , 1), so
8  
H(x)   ,  = (– 4, 2)
  2 4
118 From the above graph, it is clear that H(x) is discontinuous at only one point i.e. x = 0.
119 Range of H(x) is (–4, 2]  {3}.
1 1
120  H( x ) dx =  2 dx = 2 (3) = 6.
2 2

537
 efinite Integration

1
121 Consider I2 =  x1004 (1  x 2010 )1004 dx ; Put x1005 = t
0
 1005 x1004 dx = dt
1
1
So, I2 =  (1  t 2 )1004 dt .... (1)
1005 0

1
Also I 2 
1
1005 0
1  (1  t) 2 1004
dt  .... (2) (Using King)

1 1
1 1
 I2   t ( 2  t ) 1004
dt =  t1004 (2  t ) 2004dt ;
1005 0 1005 0
Put t = 2y  dt = 2dy
1/ 2
1 1004
So, I 2   ( 2 y) (2  2 y)1004 dt
1005 0

1/ 2
1
= 2 ·21004 ·21004 y
1004
(1  y)1004 dy
1005 0

1/ 2
1 2009 1004
I2  2 y (1  y)1004 dy .... (3)
1005 0

1 1/ 2
Now I1   x1004 (1  x )1004 dx = 2  x1004 (1  x )1004 dx .... (4) (using Queen)
0 0
 From (3) and (4), we get
1 2010 I1 I
I2  2  22010 1  4020 Ans.
1005 4 I2

2
1  ( u  1) 2009
122 I=  u 2011 du (where 1 + x4 = u)
1

2 2 2009
 2011  1 1
= u du   1  
u
·
u2
du
1 1

2 1
u  2010 2 1
= 2010 +  t 2009dt (where 1 – = t)
1 u
0

538
 efinite Integration

2 1/ 2
u  2010 t 2010
=  2010 
2010
1 0

1  1  1  1  1
=  2010
 1   2010
 0 = . Ans.
2010  2  2010  2  2010

123 Put x = 1 & y = 1  g(1) = 1 or g(1) = 2

but g (1)  1  g(1) = 2
1
Put y= to get
x
1 1
g(x) g   = g(x) + g   + g(1) – 2  g(x) = x4 + 1
x x
g(2) = 5  x = 2
 g(x) = 1 + x2

dx
 I=  x (1  x 2 ) ; put x = tan 
1


2 
2
 cot  dt = ln sin  
4
4
1 1p
= (0) – ln ln 2  ln 2
2 =
1 2 q
2 2
 p + q = 5. Ans.


 1 1 
124   2k  1  2k 
k 1

 1   1 1   1 1 
Lim  1        ........     
n    2 3 4  2n  1 2 n  

 1 1 1  1 1 1 
Lim  1    ........       .......   
n    3 5 2n  1   2 4 2n  

 1 1 1  1 1 1 
Lim  1    ........    2   ......   
n    2 3 2n   2 4 2n  

 1 1   1 1 
Lim  1   .......    1   ......   
n    2 2n   2 n 

 1 1 1 
Lim    ......  
n    n 1 n  2 nn

539
 efinite Integration

n 1
1 1
= Lim
n
 n  r =  1  x dx = ln 2 Ans.
r 1 0

1
125. f(x) =
x 1
1 1 x 1
 f g( x )    
g (x )  1 g (x )  1 x
x x 1
 g(x) + 1 =  g(x) = –1=
x 1 x 1 x 1
1 1 x 1
 gf ( x )    =–
f (x)  1 1 x
1
x 1
1 2
 x 1  1 2
 I =   dx =  1   dx  x  ln x  1
2 
x  1
x 
= (2 + ln 2) – (1) = 1 + ln 2. Ans.

Paragraph for Question no.126 to 128

x
 2 
126 x f (x) –  f ( t ) dt = x + ln  x  1  x 
 
0
differentiating
x
1
x f ' (x) + f(x) = 1 +
x 2 1
 x 2  1  x 
 

1
 x f ' (x) = 1 – ....(1)
x2 1

 range of g (x) = x f ' (x) is [0, 1) Ans.

x2 1 1
f ' (x) =
x x2 1
 antiderivative of an odd function.
1 1
Integrating (1), i.e. f ' (x) = –
x x x2 1

540
 efinite Integration

dx dx
f (x) =  x

x x2 1
f (x) = ln(x) – I,
dx
where I=  ; put x = tan 
x x 2 1
 dx = sec2d

 1  x 2 1 
sec 2 d  
I=  =  cosec  d = ln (cosec  – cot ) = ln  x  +C
tan  sec   

 1  x 2 1 
 
 f (x) = ln x – ln  x  +C
 

 x 
 f (x) = ln x – ln   +C

2
 1 x 1

 2 
f (x) = ln  1  x  1 + C; put x = 0, f (0) = ln 2
 
f (0) = ln 2  C=0
 2 
f (x) = ln  1  x  1  f is even
 
1 1
 2 
now  f ( x ) dx =  1 · l
n  1  x  1 dx

0 0 II
I
integrating by parts
1 1
1 
f ( x ) ·x 
1
0
–  x f ' ( x ) dx = f (1) –  1 
2 
dx
0 0 x 1 
1
  2 
 
= ln 1 2 –  x  ln x  x  1 
 0
1
  
  2
  
= ln 1 2 –  x  ln x  x  1  = ln 1 2 – 1  ln (1  2 )  {0}
 0  
 
= 2 ln 1 2 – 1 = ln 3  2 2  1 Ans.  

541
 efinite Integration
x
129.
t
f (x) =  e (sin x cos t  cos x sin t ) dt
0
x x
f (x) = sin x  e t cos t dt – cos x  e t sin t dt ....(1)
0 0

x t   x t  
f ' (x) = sin x · ex 
cos x +   e cos t dt  cos x –
x
cos x ·e sin x    e sin t dt  sin x 
    
0  0 
x x
f ' (x) = cos x  e t cos t dt + sin x  e t sin t dt
0 0

x x t 
f '' (x) = cos x · ex t
· cos x – sin x  e cos t dt + sin x · ex · sin x +   e sin t dt  cos x
0 0 
x x
f '' (x) = ex + cos x  e t sin t dt – sin x  e t cos t dt ....(2)
0 0
(1) + (2)
f (x) + f '' (x) = ex = g (x)

2
dx
130. I= 4 where k = 100
0
sin x  k 2 cos2 x
2

2
sin 2 x dx
= 4  (put tan x = t)
0
tan 2 x  k 2

 
dt 4 1 t  4  2
= 4 = tan  = · =
0 t2  k2 k k0 k 2 k

2 
 I= =
100 50
 a + b = 51. Ans.

x
131. Given  f ( t ) dt  f ( x ) 
2
.......(1)
0

Put x = 0, we get f(0) = 0

Now, differentiable both sides of equation (1) w.r.t x, we get
f(x) = 2 f(x) f ' (x)
As, f(x)  0  x  R, so

542
 efinite Integration

1 x
f '(x) =  f(x) =  C
2 2
As, f(0) = 0  C = 0
x
 f(x) =
2
Hence, f(4) = 2. Ans.

132. We have

cot 1 
 tan x 
f() =    dx ... (1)
1  tan x  cot x 
tan 

cot 1 
cot x
 f() =  dx ... (2)
cot x  tan x
tan 1 

(Using king property)

 Adding (1) and (2), we get

1 1  1 
f() = (cot–1  – tan–1 ) =   2 tan  
2 2 2 

  3 
Clearly, range of f() is   ,  Ans.
 4 4 
Paragraph for question nos. 133 to 135
x
f (t)
Sol. Given, a(x) =  2
dt
0
t
x
f (t)
 a (–x) =  dt
0
t2
Put t = – y  dt = – dy
x x
f (  y) f ( y)
=–  y2 dy = –  2
dy (As f is even)
0 0
y
 a (–x) = – a(x)  odd function
a (x )
 f (t ) 
Now, f ' ( x )  2x   2  dt  
( x )  f x
 t 
even odd 
0 odd
even

So, f '(x) = x .......(1)

543
 efinite Integration

x
 f(x) = +C .......(2)
2
Also, f(0) = f '(0) = 0 [From (1)]
 C=0
x
Hence, f(x) =
2

 t2 
 x
2 x
Now, a(x) =  2  dt .  a(x) =

t  2
0
 
 
x 2
 t2 2  x
 
Also, g(x) =   t 2  dt .  g(x) =
4
0  
9
133 The value of f(3) =  Option (D) is correct.
2
1 1
134 As, g'(x) =  g'(2) =  Option (A) is correct.
4 4
12
 x x2 
135
y
So, required shaded area =     dx
4 2  2 x
0   f (x ) 
x g(x) 
2 4
12
 x2 x3  1 1
=    = 
O 1 
x
 8 6 0 32 48  , 0
2 

3 2 1
= = . Ans.
96 96

4
( x  2)
136. I=  dx x = 2 tan 
1
( x 2  4) x

tan 1 2
(tan   1)
I=  d
cot 1 2
2 tan 


1 
 
tan   cot  d , 
I=     
2   2

Using King

544
 efinite Integration


1
I=
2
 cot   tan  d 


I=–I  I = 0. Ans.


x
137. Let I =  3
3 cos x  4 sin x sin 2

x  4 dx
0 1  sin x
2

x 3 cos x  4 sin x  sin 2 x  4   (  x) 3 cos x  4 sin x sin 2
x4  dx
 I=  1  sin 3 x 1  sin 3 x
0

2
(2 x  )3 cos x sin 2 x
 I=   4 1  sin 3 x dx
3
0 1  sin x

 
 2 2

  6x sin x cos x 3 
 I=    4
1cosx  dx
3
0  1  cos
 x  f (x ) 
 x f '( x ) 
2
I =  4x 1  cos x 
3
 = 22
 0
 k=2

138. We have f(x) =e2x + ex – x

Now f(0) = –1   +  = –1 ....(1)
f '(ln2) = 30  8 + 2– = 30 ....(2)
ln 4 ln 4

 e 
2x
and  (f (x )  x ) dx = 24   e x dx  24
0 0

ln 4
 e 2 x 
    e x  = 24 15 + 6 = 48 ....(3)
 2 0
 On solving (1), (2), (3), we get  = 6, = – 7, = 4
Hence ( +  + ) = 6 – 7 + 4 = 3 Ans.
n
 kr
139. Let Lim k 1
= L = a finite non-zero quantity then
n  na
a ( r 1) r
1 1 n k
L = Lim   . ·  
n   n  n k 1  n 

545
 efinite Integration

r 1
1 n k r 1
 Lim    =  x dx  r  1 = a finite non-zero quantity
n  n
k 1  n  0
 L can be evaluated only if
a – (r + 1) = 0
1
 a=r+1 & L
r 1

140. f(x) = cos 3x

 /2
1 / 2 1
I=  cos 3x dx = 3 sin 3x  0 =
3
0

x
141. I1 =  e t ( x  t )dt
0
t(x – t) = – [t2 – tx]
 x  2 x 2  x 2 2
  t      x
 t
=–
 2  4  = 4  2 

2
x x2  x  x2 x ( 2 t  x )2
 t   
4  2
I1 =  e dt = e4 e  4 dt ;2t – x = y
0 0

dy
dt =
2
2 x y2
ex 4 
4
=
2 e dy
x

c
c c f (x)
142. Let u = , so du = 2 dx , so  dx
x x 1
x

c c
u f (u )   x 2  f (u )
=  du =  du
c
c  c  c
u

c c c
f (x) f (x) f (u )
Therefore,  x dx =  dx +  du = 3 +3 = 6 Ans.
1 1
x c
u

546
 efinite Integration
Paragraph for Question Nos. 143 to 145
Sol
f(x) i f –2  x –1
g (x) = –1 if –1  x < 0
0 if 0  x  1
f(x) 1 x

Graph of y = f(x) is Graph of y = g(x) is

O 1

2 2
1002 (1002)(1000) 2
146.
1001
J1 =  (cos x ) dx = .........  cos x dx
1003 (1003)(1001) 3
0 
0 
1

2 ·4 ·6 .......... .1002
J1 = 3 ·5 ·7 .......... .1003 ....(1)
2
1003
|||ly J2 =  (cos x ) 2002 dx
1004 0

1003 1001 999 3 2 1 

= · · ..... · ·  ....(2)
1004 1002 1000 6 4 2 2

 J1 · J2 = Ans.
2008
Alternatively: Use Wali's formula

4
147 I =  p( x ) dx
1

4
I =  p(5  x ) dx
1

4
2I =  p( x )  p(5  x ) dx
1
Now, p'(x) = p'(5 – x)  p(x) + p(5 – x) = C
4
 2I =  8 dx = 24  I = 12. Ans.
1

547
 efinite Integration
148. Clearly from graph
4 2 cot x tan x
I=  tan x dx   cot x dx
0 4

=  ln | sec x |  0 4   ln | sin x |   24 = 2ln 2 .

(D) obviously the period of tan x and cot x is . O /4 /2

e3 1
149. f
1
( x ) dx =  tf ' (t ) dt
2 0

1 1
= tf ( t )
1
0
  f ( t ) dt = e + 3 – e 1
 t2  t  0
0
= e + 3 – (e + 2 – 1) = 2. Ans.

 2  3k 
 1 

 1 k 
n 
1   n 3e n  
150 Limit  e 
n  n k 1  3k 
 2 1 
 n 
1 1
(1 x )  3 e (13x )
= e dx  
2 0 1  3x
dx
0

put t = x + 1 and 1 3x = u
2 2
t 2
=  e dt   e u du = 0 Ans.
1 1

Paragraph for Question no. 151 & 152

'
g (x ) (1  x ) ln x  5  g ( x ) 
Sol. =  5
x (ln x )6  (ln x ) 

g (x ) (1  x ) ln x  5 x · ln x · g ' ( x )  5g( x )

 =
x (ln x )6 x ( ln x ) 6
 g(x) (1 + x) = x g'(x)

548
 efinite Integration

g' (x) 1
 =1+
g( x ) x
ln g(x) = x + ln x  g(x) = k · xex
 g(1) = k · e = e  k = 1
g(x) = xex.

151. gn (x) = n · ex + x ex
gn(1) = (n + 1)e = (n + 1) g (1)
f(x) = ln (x + 1) – ln (x) + 1
1 1
f "(x) =  .
x2 ( x  1) 2


152.
n
In = x e  x dx = n · In – 1 = n !
0

I2012 = (2012) !. Ans.


( x 2 cos 2 x  x sin x  cos x  1)
153. I=  2 dx
0 12 
x   sin x 
x 

 2 1 1 1 
  cos x sin x  2 cos x  2  dx
 x x x 
I=  1 
2
0
  sin x 
x 

 1  1 1 
  cos x  2  dx    sin x  dx
 x  x x 
I =  cos
x 2
–  2
0 I  1  0 1 
  sin x    sin x 
 x   x 
II


 
  1  
dx
cos x   x sin x dx
I= 1  – – 
  sin x   1  x sin x 1  x sin x
0
x 0

 
 x cos x  x sin x  1
I=   dx
1  x sin x  0 0 x sin x  1

549
 efinite Integration

I = ( – 0) – x 0
I =  –  = 0. Ans.


x sin 3 x
154. I= ∫ 4  cos2 x dx
0
Let y =  – x, and the integral becomes

(   y) sin 3 y
I =  4  cos2 y dy
0

 1
sin 2 x 1  t2 3ln 3
Hence, 2I =  d(  cos x ) =  4  t2 dt = 2 –
0
4  cos2 x 1
2

3ln 3
I=1– . Ans.]
4
12  1 x 2 
155.   tan  1  x 4
sin   dx

1 2   
12 12

 sin sin 
1 2 2
x dx = x dx
1 2 1 2

12
2
= 2· x dx
0

1/ 2
 x3  2 1 1
=  
2 · = · = . Ans.
 3 0 3 8 12

1
156. Let I =  ( x  1)
4
( x  2) 3 ( x  3) 4 dx Put x + 2 = t  dx = dt
3

1 1
t · t  1 dt = 0. Ans.
4 3 4 3 2 4
I=  ( t  1) · t · ( t  1) dt =  
1 1 odd function

550
 efinite Integration
Paragraph for Question no.157 to 159

 
2 2
2
Sol. I3 = x dx = x · ln (sin x ) 0   ln sin x  dx
 (xI) cot
0 ( II ) 0
I.B.P.

   
 I 3 = 0 –   l n 2  = ln 2
 2  2

2 

 x
2
· cos ec x  dx
2 2
Now, I2 =
0 ( I)
 
( II )
 
2
= x 2 ·  cot x  0   2x · cot x dx
( I.B.P ) 0

 
I2 = 0 + 2  ln 2  =  ln 2
2 

 
2
2
x 3 · cos x dx 1 3  cos x 
Also, I1 =  4 sin 3 x = 4  x  3  dx
( I )  sin x 
0 0 


( II )
( I.B.P )

   
1  3   1   2 32 2 
 x ·     x cosec 2 x dx 
= 4  2 
  2 sin x   0 2 0 
 

 3  
  
1  8 3
  0    ln 2
= 4   2  2 

  
  

 3 3
I3 =   · ln 2. Ans.
64 8
Now, Verify alternatives.


x n
160.  e
( II )
sin
x dx
0 ( I)



=  sin n 
x · ex 0 n 1 x
+  n·sin x·cosx·e dx
0

551
 efinite Integration


n 1 x
= n  (sin

x·cos x ) e

dx
0 (I) ( II )

  
n 1 x
= n  (sin x · cos x ) (e )    e (n 1) ·sin

0
x n 2

·cos2 x  sin n 1 · sin x 
 0 

  x 

= n   e (n  1) ·sin n  2 x·(1  sin 2 x )  sin 4 x dx  
 0 
  
= n(n – 1)  e  x · sin n  2 x dx – n(n – 1)  e  x · sin n x dx – n  e  x · sin 4 x dx
0 0 0

 
(1 + n (n – 1) + n)  e  x · sin n x dx = n(n – 1)  e  x · sin n 2 x dx
0 0

 
x n
 (1 + n2)  e sin x dx = n(n – 1)  e  x sin n  2 x dx
0 0


(1  n 2 )  e  x sin n x dx
0
  = n(n – 1)
x n 2
e sin x dx
0

Put n = 25, we get


626  e  x sin 25 x dx
0

x 23 = 25 × 24 = 600 = ,
 e sin x dx
0

So sum of digits of equals 6.

2
161. I=  sin 8x | sin( x  ) | dx Put x –  = t
0

2   
I=  sin 8 (t  ) | sin t | dt =  sin 8 ( t  ) | sin t | dt
 

( the integrand is a periodic function with period 2.)

552
 efinite Integration

  
I = cos 8  sin 8t | sin t | dt  sin 8  cos 8t | sin t | dt = 2 sin 8 cos 8t | sin t | dt
  0
( sin 8t | sin t | is odd function)

I = 2 sin 8 cos 8t sin t dt ( 0  t )
0

 
1   cos 9t cos 7 t  4
I = 2sin 8  (sin 9 t  sin 7 t ) dt = sin 8  9   = sin 8.
2 7  0 63
0

2
2t
162. Now, I =  1  sin t  cos t dt
0

2 King & add

2I =  1  sin t  cos t dt
0

 t
2  1  tan 2 
=  2
 dt
 t
2  t  2 t
0 1  tan   2 tan  1  tan 
 2 2  2

t
2 sec 2
2I =  2 dt ;
  t
0 2 1  tan 
 2

t 1 t
Put tan =y  sec2 dt = dy
2 2 2
1
 2 
So, I = 4  1  y dy = ln 2. Ans.
0 2

f ( e2 ) f ( e2 )
1 tan t dt 1 tan (f (e 3 )  t ) dt
163. I=  =  tan t  tan f (e3 )  t (By King)
2 f (e) 
tan t  tan f (e3 )  t  2 f (e )
 
f (e2 )
1 f (e 2 )  f (e )
2I =
2 1 dt = 2
f (e)

1 f ( e)
I=
4

f (e 2 )  f (e ) =
4

. Ans.

553
 efinite Integration

4 x 4
164. f(x) = ∫e |t− x |
dt =  e ( x t )
dt   e( t  x ) dt  f(x) = ex + e4 – x – 2
0 0 x
 f '(x) = – ex e4 – x
= 0  x = 2
So, f(0) = f(4) = e – 1 and f(2) = 2 (e2 – 1)
4

 ba = (e 4  1)  2e 2  2 = e2 – 1. Ans.

165. Let n - degree p and m be leading coefficient p(x). Thus the leading coefficient of (x + 10) p(2x) is m
· 2n and the leading coefficient of (8x – 32) p (x + 6) is 8m. Thus, n = 3.
Substituting x = – 10 gives p (– 4) = 0. Substituting x = – 2 gives
– 48 p(4) = 8p (– 4) = 0,
so p(4) = 0. Substituting x = 4 gives 14 p(8) = 0 · p(10) = 0
so p(8) = 0
 p(x) = a (x – 4) (x + 4) (x – 8) for some a. Substituting p(1) = 210 gives a = 2.
So, p(x) = 2 (x – 4) (x + 4) (x – 8). Ans.

166. If m is even and not a multiple of 4 then integral vanishes (using king & add)
 m = 2, 6, 10
and if m is odd but not (4n – 1), then I = 0
 m = 1, 5, 9
 Total vlaues 6 i.e. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10.


2
ln (1  x cos )
167. f(x) =  d  f '(x)
 cos 
2

 
2 2
cos  d d
= 
 (1  x cos ) cos 
= 
 1  x cos 
2 2

 
2 2
d d
f '(1) =  =2 

 1  x cos  0 2 cos 2
2 2

 
2  2
= sec 2  d = 2  tan  = 2 [1 – 0] = 2. Ans.
 2  2 0
0

554
 efinite Integration
168. We have
4 4
n n 2
In + In+2 =  tan x dx   tan x dx
0 0

4 4
n 2 n
=  tan x (1  tan x) dx =  tan x sec 2 x dx
0 0

1
1
=  u n du = where u = tan x
n 1
0

1 1
So, In + In+2 = which implies that In+1 + In+3 =
n 1 n2
 
Hence  I n I n 1  I n I n3  I n1I n 2  I n2I n 3  =  I n  I n 2 I n 1  I n3 
n 0
n 0

 
 1  1   1 1 
=   n  1  n  2  =   n  1  n  2 
n 0    n 0

1
=1 
2
1 1

2 3
1 1

3 4
 
1 1

n 1 n  2

——————
1  1   1 
Sn = 1   Lim 1   = 1  100 Lim 1   = 100 Ans.]
n2 n  n2 n  n2

1
 g (x )  ' 1
169. Let J =    · dx
f ( x )  g (x )

0  
II I

(I.B.P.)
1 1
1 g( x ) g' ( x ) g( x )
Now, Integrating by parts, ·  2
· dx
g( x ) f ( x ) 0 0
g ( x ) f ( x )

555
 efinite Integration

1
 1 1  g' (x)
J =      dx ...........(1)
 f (1) f (0)  0 g ( x ) · f ( x )
Now given, f 2(x) = 1 + g2(x)
f (x) · f ' (x)
f(x) · f '(x) = g(x) · g'(x)  g'(x) =
g( x )
1
1 1 f ( x ) · f ' (x )
 J=    2 dx
 3 2  0 g (x) · f (x)
1
1 f ' (x)
J=  2 dx
6 0 f (x) 1
Now put, f (x) = t, we get
3 3
1 dt 1 1 t 1 1 1  1 1
J  2 =  ln =  ln  ln 
6 2 t 1 
6 2 t  1 2 6 2 2 3

1 1 3 1 3 1
J=  ln  J = ln  .
6 2 2 2 2 6
27
 6J + 1 = ln 
8
 a + b = 27 + 8 = 35 Ans.


2
sin 2 n
170. In =  sin 2  d
0

sin 2 (n  1)   sin 2 n
2
 In+1 – In =  d
0
sin 2 
Now, note that sin2(n + 1)  – sin2n = [sin (n + 1)  – sin n] [sin (n + 1)  + sin n]
 2n  1     2n  1  
= 2 cos    sin   · 2 sin    cos   = sin  sin (2n + 1) 
 2  2  2  2

2
sin (2n  1) 
 In+1 – In =  d = Bn
0
sin 


2
sin (2n  3)   sin (2n  1) 
Again, Bn+1 – Bn =  d
0
sin 

556
 efinite Integration

 
2 1
2 cos (2n  2)  sin  sin 2( n  1) 
2
 Bn+1 – Bn =  d =
sin  n 1 0
0

 Bn+1 = Bn  n  1
 
2 2
sin 3
Also, B1 =  sin  d =  (3  4 sin 2 ) d
0 0

  
2 2 2 
2

 B1 =  3 d  2  (1  cos 2) d =  d  sin 2 0
=
2
0 0 0


Thus, Bn = n1
2

So, we finally have In+1 – In = n1
2
n
A simple induction on n shows that In+1 = + I1.
2

2   n
But I1 =  d =  In+1 = (n + 1)  In = .
2 2 2
0

2
 
171.
2
We have U =  cos x dx = sin x   6 = 1 – =
2 2
6

5
2
V= x sgn ( x  1) dx
3

1 5 3 5
2 x  x  2
= –  x dx   x dx =   
3 1 3 1
3 1

 27 1 125 1
=   
3 3 3 3
 29  125 96
= = = 32.
3 3
1
So, V = 32; U =
2

 32 =
2
  = 64

557
 efinite Integration

x
n
t t  1 dt
172. l = Lim 0
3 
Using lopital's rule
x    n
 2 
x

xn x 1 2 x 1
l = Lim 
= Lim
x   x  ( 2 x  3) x
3  n 
  n x 2

2 

2 1
= Lim 1
x  2n  3 x
2 2
l= 
2n  3 11
 2n + 3 = 11  n = 4. Ans.

1
 1  1 x 
dx
173.
1
Let I =  cot  1  x 2  cot

1  ( x 2 )|x|
 ......(1)
1   
Using King
1
 1 1   1 x 
 dx
I=   cot 1  x 2  cot

1  (x 2 )|x|

....(2)
1   
On adding
1
1  x x 
1
2I =  cot  cot 1   – cot 1  dx
1 1  x 2  1  ( x 2 )| x| 1  ( x 2 ) |x| 

1 1 1
 1  1
2I =   cot 
1   dx = 1 2
1  x dx = 2  tan 1  x 2 dx ....(3)
2    tan
1  1 x  1 0
 As tan 1 1  x 2 is even function 
 
1
 1 tan 1  1  x 2 dx
I =   ....(4)
 
0 II 
I
Integrating by parts
1 1
1
x (x ) x2
I =  tan  1  x  ·x   
1  2
dx =   dx
   (1  1  x 2 ) 1 x 2 2
0 (2  x ) 1  x
2
0 0
zero

Let x = sin   dx = cos  d

558
 efinite Integration

2
sin 2 
I=   d
0
(2  sin 2 )

2
2  sin 2   2
=–   d
0
2  sin 2 

2
d 2
 I = 2  
0
2  sin 2  2

2
sec 2 d 2
= 2  
0
2  2 tan 2   tan 2  2

2
sec 2  d 2
= 2  
0
2  tan 2  2
put tan  = t

dt

2 1 1 t  2
I = 2   = 2 2 tan 
2  t 2
2 2  0 2
0

=
 2 2
 =
2 2  1
=

2 a  b   
2 2 2 c
 a = 2, b = 1 and c = 4  a + b + c = 2 + 1 + 4 = 7 Ans.

e e
 x 2ln x  1  x x 1
174.   x  e dx =  e  x ln x  x  dx
1  1

e e
x ex
=  e x ln x dx   dx
1 1
x

e e
= ( x ln x )    (1  ln x ) e
e
ex 1 x x
dx  e ln x   e
e
1
x
ln x dx
1 1
ee
= (e – + e – ee ee)
= e ee + e – 2ee
= (e – 2) ee + e. Ans.

559
 efinite Integration
175 to 177 Paragraph Based.

 
 3( x 2  1)  | x |   
 |x|   As 0  | x | 1 1
We have H(x) =  = 3  x 2  1   
 x2 1     2
x 1 1 2
 |x| 
 |x| 

8 1
  tan ( | x | 3), x  (,  2)  (2,  )

So, H(x) = 3, x0
2, x  [–2, 2]  {0}


Also, H(x) is an even function on R, so graph of H(x) is symmetrical about y-axis.

y=2
x
–2 O 2

(0, – 4) y=–4

Graph of H(x)

8
Note : H(x) = tan–1(3 – | x | ), | x | > 2

Also for |x| > 2, 3 – |x|  (– , 1), so
8  
H(x)   ,  = (– 4, 2)
  2 4
175 From the above graph, it is clear that H(x) is discontinuous at only one point i.e. x = 0.

176. Range of H(x) is (–4, 2]  {3}.

1 1
177  H( x ) dx =  2 dx = 2 (3) = 6.
2 2

1
dx
178. Let I = 
0 ( x  1) 3 ·(3x  1)
Put, x + 1 = u  dx = du  3x + 1 = 3(u – 1) + 1 = 3u – 2

560
 efinite Integration

2 2
du du
So, I =  u 3 ·(3u  2)
=   2
1 1 u2 3  
 u

2 2
Put, 3 – = t2  2 du = 2t dt
u u
2
t dt
2 – 1. Ans.
2
Hence, I =  = t 1 =
1
t

1
dx
Aliter: Let I =  (x  1)
0
( x  1)(3x  1)

1
1 dt
Put (x + 1) = , so I =
t 12
 3  2t
=  3  2t  12
1
= 2 1 .

1
( x 2  1)
179. I   dx
2 
0 x x  2 1 
 1
 x2 

 1 
11  2  1
I     x 2  dx ; put x + =t
1 x
0
 x   1
 x

 
dt 1  t 1 1 1 1
I=  2 = ln   =  0  ln  = ln 3 Ans.
2 t 1 2  t 1 2 2 3 2

Paragraph for question nos. 180 to 182

We have f(x) = Lim

1

e xt

 e x ln 2 (1  t )
dt
  0 4  2t 3  3
0


(e t  1)ln 2 (1  t )
ex  dt
( 2 t 3
 3) (e   1)ln 2 (1  )
f (x) = Lim 0 = Lim ex
 0 4
0 (2 3  3) 4 3

x (e   1) ln 2 (1  ) 1 ex
= e Lim · · =
 0  2 4( 2 3  3) 12

561
 efinite Integration

e ln 2 2 1
180. Clearly f (ln 2) = = = Ans.
12 12 6
x 0
181 We have  g(t ) dt  3x   cos
2
t g (t ) dt
0 x
Now, on differentiating both the sides with respect to x, we get
3
g(x) = 3 – cos2x g(x)  g(x) =
1  cos2 x
3 3
Clearly   3.
2 1  cos2 x
3 
Hence range of g(x) =  , 3 Ans.
2 
   
2
2 2
3 2
3 sec x 2
3 sec 2 x
182 Let I =  g( x ) dx =  1  cos2 x dx =  dx =  dx
0 0 0
sec 2 x  1 0
tan 2 x  2
Put tan x = t  sec2x dx = dt,
 
3dt 3  1 t  3   3
so I =  2
  tan  =   0 = Ans.
0
t 2 2 2 0 22  2 2

183. As, f (x) = 1 + ln  x  x 2  1  + 5x3 – 4x4

 

Clearly, ln  x 2  1  x  , 5x3 are odd functions, so

 
1

 1  4 x e
4 x4
I= dx
1

 1  4x e
4 x 4
=2 dx
0

1 1
d  x 
  2 1  0   2
4
= 2   x.e x dx  2 4 
0
dx    ex 0 e  e

 sin x 
cos 1 
 x 
184. Lim
x 0 x

562
 efinite Integration

 x 2  sin 2 x 
1  
sin 2
 x 
 
= Lim
x 0 x

sin 1 M M
= Lim · Lim
x 0 M x 0 x

(using cos–1t = sin–1 1 t 2 )

x 2  sin 2 x ( x  sin x ) ( x  sin x )

= 1 · Lim = 1 · Lim ·
x 0 x 2 ·x 2 x 0 x3 x

1 1 1
= Lim ·2 =  L=
x0 6 3 3
x
U : f (x) =  sin( t 
2
 t ) cos x  cos( t 2  t ) sin x dt
0
x x
2 2
or f (x) = cos x  sin( t  t ) dt  sin x ·  cos( t  t ) dt
0 0
differentiating using Leibintiz rule
x  x 
– x) –   sin( t 2  t ) dt  sin x + sin x · cos(x2 – x) +
sin(x2  cos(t 2  t ) dt  cos x
f ' (x) = cos x ·
   
0  0 
f '' (x) = [– sin(x2 – x) sin x + cos x · cos(x2 – x)(2x – 1)] –
 x  
  sin( t 2  t ) dt  cos x  sin x ·sin( x 2  x )
 0 
 

 x  
 cos x · cos( x 2
 x )   cos(t 2  t ) dt  sin x 

2 2
+ [cos(x – x) cos x – sin x · sin(x – x) · (2x – 1)] +
  
0 
hence, f '' (0) = (–1) + (1) + (1) = 1
 U=1
120U
hence = 360 Ans.
L2
2

 cot 
1 2
185. I= x  1 dx ; Put, x – 1 = t2
1
dx = 2t dt

563
 efinite Integration

1
= 2  t (cot 1 t )2 dt
 
0 I II
( I.B.P.)

 2 1 1
 2 cot 1 t  t 2 
1 2 t 

= 2  cot t

      dt 
2 0 0  1  t 2  2 
 

  2  1 cot 1 t 

= 2  32  0  
  (1  t 2
)  1
1
 t 2
dt  
  0 

 
1 1
 2 cot 1 t 
= 2   1. cot 1 t dt   1  t 2 dt 
 32 0 ( II ) ( I) 
 0
 ( I.B.P .) 

 2 1 1
t 1

= 2 32  t cot 1 1
t0   1 2 
 1  t 2 dt   2 (cot t )  0 
 0 

 2  1 1   2 2 
= 2  32  4  2 ln 2  
2  16 4 



 2  1   2 
= 2   16  4  2 ln 2 =   ln 2 .
  8 2

 2  8I  8 ln 2
Hence, = 4. Ans.


186.
(A) Apply L'Hospital's rule twice or use expansion of ex cos x
(B) x = u6
dx = 6u5 du
1 1
6u 5 du u3  1 1
I=  3 2 =
6 du = 5 – 6 ln 2
0 u u 0
u 1
 a + b = 5 – 6 = – 1 Ans.
n
 2
(C) en  e (sec   tan ) d = 1
0
put –  = t ; d = – dt
n
t 2 x x
– en  e (sec t  tan t ) dt = 1 [use  e f (x )  f ' ( x )   e f ( x ) ]
0

564
 efinite Integration


– en e t tan t  n
0
=1

 – en [– e–n tan n] = 1
 tan n = + 1 Ans.
1
n
1
1 tan (nx ) dx

n 1
(D) Lim 1 (put nx = t);
n
n
1
1 sin (nx ) dx

n 1

1
1 1
n n tan ( t ) dt

n 1 0
 Lim   use L'Hospital's rule
n 1 0
1 1
n n sin (t ) dt

n 1

 n  
tan 1  
 n 1 1
Lim = 4 = Ans. ]
n   n   2
sin 1  
 n 1 2

1
187. I=  f ( x ) g( x ) dx ......................... (1)
1

1 1
1
I=  f (  x ) g (  x ) dx   f x  gx  dx ..................... (2)
1 1
adding (1) & (2)
1 1
 1 
2I =   f ( x )  gx dx  2  g x  dx  2
1  f ( x )  1
 I  1 Ans.

188. F'(x) = f(x)

F''(x) = f ' (x)
F(1) = 0, f(1) = f'(1) = F'(1) = F''(1) = 1 = g(1)
f(g(x)) = g(f(x)) = x
f ' (g(x)).g'(x) = 1

565
 efinite Integration
f '(g(1)).g ' (1) = 1 g ' (1) = 1
G(x) = x2g(x) – xF(g(x))
G'(x) = 2x g(x) + x2g'(x) – F(g(x)) – xF'(g(x)).g'(x)
= 2xg(x) + x2g'(x) – F(g(x)) – x2g'(x))
= 2xg(x) – F(g(x))
G''(x) = 2g(x) + 2xg'(x) – F'(g(x))·g'(x)
= 2g(x) + xg'(x)
 G"(1) = 2g(1) + g'(1) = 2 × 1 + 1 = 3. Ans.

1
189. <x<1
3
1
1< <3
3
[x] = 1 or 2
1 1
Case I : < x <
3 2
1
2< <3
x
1
  =2
x
1
Case II : <x <1
2
1 1
1< <2   =1
x x
1/ 2 1
  1    1 
Now, n =  2x  x  dx   2 x  x  dx
1/ 3 1/ 2

1/ 2 1

=  4 xdx   2 xdx
1/ 3 1/ 2

1 1 1
<x < <x <1
3 2 2
4
< 4x < 2 1 < 2x < 2
3
1/ 2 1

 m=  (4x  1)dx   (2 x  1) dx
1/ 3 1/ 2

13
= (2x 2  x )11 // 32  ( x 2  x )1/ 2 =
36

566
 efinite Integration

Paragraph for question nos. 190 to 191

f (x)
Sol.  g( t)dt  g(f (x ))  1
0

 g(f(x)) · f ' (x) = g ' (f(x)) · f ' (x)

g' (f ( x ))·f ' (x )
  f ' (x)
g (f ( x ))
ln g(f(x)) = f(x) + c
 g(x) = ex [If f(x) = 0  g(0) = 1  c = 0]

1 1
x
1 x   1 2 
190. I  e  3
dx   e x  2
  dx
0  (1  x )  0  (1  x ) (1  x ) 3 

1
  ex  e
=  2
 1
 (1  x )  0 4

1
x
x
t
x
1 1 e dt
x
191. Lim e x 1 g(t ) dt = Lim x
x  x  ex
x

1 1 1
x
e x  ex e x (e x  1)
= Lim = Lim
x  ex x ex

1  ex
= Lim = 1. Ans.
x 1

567
 Indefinite Integration
Questions
49
01.  sin 51x (sin x) dx equals

sin 50 x (sin x )50 cos 50 x (sin x )50

(A) +C (B) +C
50 50
cos 50 x (cos x )50 sin 50x (sin x )51
(C) +C (D) +C
50 51
kx
02.  P (x) · e dx  Q ( x ) e 4 x  C . Where P(x) is polynomial of degree n and Q(x) is polynomial of

P( x )
degree 7. Then the value of n + 7 + k + xLim
  Q( x )
is
(B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 22
(A) 18
Paragraph for question nos. 03 to 05
Let a differentiable function 'f ' satisfies the functional rule
f (xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy – x – y  x, y > 0 and f '(1) = 4.

03. If f(x0) = 0 then x0 lies in the interval

(A) (0, 1) (B) (1, e) (C) (e, e2) (D) (e2, e3)

f (x )
04  dx is equal to
x
3 3
(A) 3 (ln x)2 + x + c (B) 3 ln x + x + c (C) ln x + x + c (D) (ln x)2 + x + c
2 2

05. f ( x)
If e dx = ex (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) +  then the value of (a + b + c + d) is equal to
(A) – 1 (B) – 2 (C) 3 (D) 6

06 Let f (x) be a cubic polynomial with leading coefficient unity such that f (0) = 1 and
1
all the roots of f ' (x) = 0 are also roots of f (x) = 0. If  f ( x ) dx = g (x) + C, where g(0) = 4
and C is constant of integration, then g (3) – g (1) is equal to
(A) 27 (B) 48 (C) 60 (D) 81

07. If primitive of sin 4 x  4(1  sin 2 x )  cos4 x  4(1  cos2 x ) with respect to x is f(x) + C, where
f(0) = 0, then the value of f(3) is
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12
`
08. Let f (x) be a twice differentiable function such that f '' (x) = 14 + cos x; f ' (1) = 14 + sin 1 and
f (1) = 9 – cos 1, then the number of solutions of the equation f (x) = 1 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

568
 Indefinite Integration

09. 1
Let  sec [  sin 2 x ] dx = f (x) + C where [y] denotes largest integer  y and f (0) = 0, then the value

  8  ' '
of  f    at x = 2 is
  x  
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

dx
10. If x 4  ln 2 x
= F (x) + C, then the value of F (e) – F (1) equals

  2 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 3 4
ex 3e x
11. Let I =  e8x  2e 4x  1 dx & J =  dx
e 4x
 2  e  4x 
Then, for any arbitary constant C, J – I equals

ex e2x ex  e 3x 
(A) C – (B) C – (C) C – (D) C –  4x 

e 3x
1  e 4x
1  e 4x
1   e 1 

1 a
1
12. If  x
2010
x 804
x 402
 2 x 1608
5x 402
 10 402 dx 
10 a

2 x 2010  5 x 804  10 x 402  402 , then find

the value of a.

ax 2  2bx  c
13. If I =  dx (where B2  AC) is a rational function then which one of the following
Ax 2
 2Bx  C 2

condition must be necessary?

A C 2B
(A) 2Bb = Ac + aC (B) Aa + Bb = Cc (C) Bb = aC + cA (D)  
c a b
dx
14. Let a, b be constant numbers such that a2  b and I =  x 2  2ax  b , then I can be
1  xa  1  x  a  a2  b 
tan 1   C l n  C
(A)   (B) 2  2 
b  a2  ba
2
 2 a b xa a b 
1  xa 
(C) C  (D) tan–1   +C
xa  ba 

15. Let f(x) = tan x + 2 tan 2x + 4 tan 4x + 8 cot 8x, then primitive of f(x) with respect to x is
(A) 8 ln(sin 8x) + C (B) ln(sin 8x) + C
(C) ln(sin x) + C (D) ln(sec x) + C
where C is constant of integration.

569
 Indefinite Integration
x3
16.  dx is equal to
1 x2
3
2 2 12 ( x 2  2)
(A) (1  x )  1  x 2 + C (B) 1  x 2
+C
3 3
3
2 2  x2  2 
(C) x 1  x  (1  x 2 ) 2 + C
2
(D) 1  x 2   +C

3  3 
(Where C is constant of integration.)
(1  x 4 ) dx
17. Let  3 = f (x) + C1 where f (0) = 0 and  f ( x ) dx = g (x) + C2 with g (0) = 0.

1  x4 2 
 1  
If g  = . Find k.
 2 k
d
18. Let y = f (x) be such that (x2y) = x – 1 where x  0 and y = 0 when x = 1.
dx
dy
Find the smallest natural number x for which is positive.
dx

sin 4 x  cos 4 x  
19.  dx , x   0, 
sin 3 x cos x  2

20. Let f (x) be a polynomial function of degree 2 satisfying

f (x) x2  x 1 2  2x  1 
 dx = ln + tan–1   + C,
x3 1 x 1 3  3 
where C is indefinite integration constant.
(a) Find the value of f (1).
1  6 cosec x
(b) Let  d (sin x ) = g(x) + K, where g(x) contains no constant term.
6  f (sin x )

Then find the value of Lim g ( t ) . (where K is indefinite integration constant.)


t
2

5  f (sin x )  f (cos x )
(c) Let  dx = h(x) + , where h(1) = –1.
sin x  cos x
Find the value of tan–1 h (2)  + tan–1 h (3) . (where  is indefinite integration constant.)

570
 Indefinite Integration

21. Let I1 =  tan x tan (ax  b) dx and I2 =  cot x cot (ax  b) dx

Column-I Column-II
cos ( x  b)
(A) value of I1 for a = 1 is (P) x – cot b ln cos x +C

sin x
(B) value of I2 for a = 1 is (Q) cot b ln sin ( x  b) – x + C

 cos x 
(C) value of I1 for a = – 1 is (R) cot b ln  cos (x  b)  – x + C
 

 sin x 
(D) value of I2 for a = – 1 is (S) x + cot b ln  sin (b  x )  + C
 
dx
22. Evaluate:  cos ( x  1) cos ( x  2) cos ( x  3)
( x 3  1)
23.  ( x 4  1) ( x  1) dx , is
1 1 1 1
(A) ln(1 + x4) + ln(1 + x3) + c (B) ln(1 + x4) – ln(1 + x3) + c
4 3 4 3
1 1
(C*) ln(1 + x4) – ln(1 + x) + c (D) ln(1 + x4) + ln(1 + x) + c
4 4
1
24. Let f ' (x2) = for x > 0 , f(1) = 1 and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R, g(–1) = 0.
x
f ( x ) , x  0
If h(x) = 
g( x ) ,  1  x  0
is a continuous function then find the absolute value of 2p.

dx x 2009
25. If  = f(x) + C and  1  x 2010 dx = g(x) + C2 (where C1 and C2 are constants of integration).
x  x 2011 1

Let h(x) = f(x) + g(x). If h(1) = 0 then h(e) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) 2

  100  
 log10  1  
  x 
 log10 2 
 
1
26. Let A = 2 
then  ln 10 · log10   dx is equal to
A
(A) (x – 100) ln (100 – x) – x ln x + C
(B) (x – 100) ln (100 – x) + x – x ln x + C
(C) (100 – x) ln (100 – x) – x ln x + C
(D) (100 – x) ln (100 – x) + x ln x + C

571
 Indefinite Integration

x  x 2  1  1
27. If f(x) =  2 d  2  and f(2) = f
and gr(x) = f (f (......f ( x )....)) i.e. g1(x) = f(x),
 
 x  2
r  times
g2(x) = f(f(x)) and so on then identify the correct statement(s).
d
(A) g 
dx (3n  2 )

( x )  1 whenever exists, n  N

d
(B) g ( x )  = 1 whenever exists, n  N
dx 3n
100
 g3r ( x) r  x  101
Lim r 1
(C) x 1 = 5050
x 1
1
(D) Slope of the tangent to the graph of the function y = g80(x) at x = is 4.
2

(cos 4 x  cos6 x )1 / 4
28.  (1  sin 3 x )1/ 2 dx is equal to
1 –1 3/2 2 –1 3/2
(A) sin (sin x) + c (B) sin (sin x) + c
3 3
4 –1 3/2
(C) sin (sin x) + c (D) x + c
9

g ( x )  (1  x ) ln x  5  g( x )
29. Let  dx = + C, g(1) = e and g : (0, )  (0, ).
x ln x  6
ln x  5

(2013) 2 2012
If f(x) = ln (g(x + 1)) – ln (g(x))  x  R+ then find the value of
(2014)
 f " (x ) .
x 1

dx
30. Evaluate  3
cos ( x  ) sin( x  )
dx

(x  1) dx
31. If  (x  x = 4 tan–1 g( x ) + C, where C is an arbitrary constant of integration.
x  x) x ( x  1)
Find g2(1).

32. If  cot 2 x cot 3x  tan 2 x tan 7 x  tan 5x = a ln(tan 2x) + b ln(sin 3x) + c ln(sec 5x) + d ln(cos 7x) + C
and a, b, c, d  Q and C is the contant of integration. If (a + b + c + d) can be expressed as m n in the
lowest form, find (m + n).

572
 Indefinite Integration
Paragraph for Question no. 33 & 34
A polynomial f(x) when divided by (x – 1) leaves remainder 2 and when divided by (x + 2) leaves
remainder 3 and the same polynomial when divided by (x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3) leaves remainder g(x)
1
where g(x) > 0  x. Also graph of g(x) is symmetric about the line x = .
3
1
33  g(x) dx is equal to

3  3x  1  2  3x  1 
(A) tan–1   +C (B) tan–1   +C
2  2  3  2 

 3x  1  3  3x  1 
(C) tan–1   +C (D) tan–1   +C
 2  2  2 
34. Remainder when g(x) is divided by (x – 3) is
34 35
(A) (B) 11 (C) 12 (D)
3 3

35. The value of (9 tan 5   7 tan3 ) (1  tan 2 )

 1
d is equal to
3
(tan   tan ) 2
(A) 2 (tan )5/2 + C (B) 2 (tan )7/2 sec  + C
(C) 2 (tan )7/2 + C (D) none

573
 Indefinite Integration

ANSWER KEY
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C
7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. 403
13. A 14. AC 15. C 16. ACD 17. 12 18. 2

1 t 2 1 t2 1 1
19. C–  ln , where t = cot2x
2 4 2
t 1 1
 3
20. (a) – 3; (b) ln 3; (c)
4
21. (A) R ; (B) Q ; (C) P ; (D) S
 sec1 cos1 sin (x  2) 1 
22. sec21  ln   + C.

 2 cos1 sin (x  2) sin (x  2) 
23. C 24. 3 25. B 26. A 27. BD 28. B 29. 2012
2 tan(x  )  tan(  )
30. +C
cos(  )
31. 2 32. 499 33. A
34. A 35. B

574
 SOLUTIONS Indefinite Integration

01. sin 51x (sin x)49 = [sin x · cos 50x (sin x)49 + cos x sin 50x (sin x)49]
d

(sin x )50 sin 50 x 
= dx . Ans.
50
02. n = 7, k = 4
kx
 P( x ) · e dx = Q(x) · e4x + C
 k=4
and P(x) e4x = e4x [Q'(x) + 4Q(x)]
P( x ) Q' ( x )
= +4
Q( x ) Q( x )
P( x )
 Lim = 0 + 4 = 4.
x Q( x )
Alternative:
As Q(x) will be a polynomial of same degree as that of P(x) and the leading coefficient of Q(x) is equal
P( x )
to leading coefficient of
k
P( x )
 Lim = Lim k  4
x   Q( x ) x

required = 7 + 7 + 4 + 4 = 22. Ans.

Paragraph for question nos. 03 to 05

Sol. f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy – x – y

Partially differentiating w.r.t y (taking x as a constant)
f '(xy) · x = f '(y) + x – 1
putting y = 1
f '(x) · x = f '(1) + x – 1
f '(x) · x = 3 + x
3
f '(x) = 1
x
Integrating both sides
f (x) = 3 ln x + x + c
from the given functional rule
x = y = 1, f(1) = 1.
f (x) = 3 ln x + x + c
x = 1, c = 0
y = – x/3
 f(x) = 3 ln x + x y = ln x
x0
x
3. f(x) = 0  3 ln x + x = 0  ln x =
3
Clearly, x0 lies in the interval (0, 1).
f (x ) 3 lnx  x  3 lnx  3
4.  dx =  dx =    1 dx = ln x 2  x  c .
x x  x  2 575
 Indefinite Integration

5. f (x )
e dx = ex (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) + 

  e3 ln x  x dx = ex (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) + 

  x 3e x dx = ex (ax3 + bx2 – cx + d) + 
Differentiating both sides, w.r.t x
x3ex = ex (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) + ex (3ax2 + 2bx + c)
Comparing coefficients on both sides
a = 1, 3a + b = 0  b = – 3
2b + c = 0  c = 6
c+d=0d=–6
 a + b + c + d = 1 – 3 + 6 – 6 = – 2. Ans.
06 We have f (x) = (x + 1)3

3 (x  1) 4 ( x  1) 4
Now,  f ( x ) dx =  ( x  1) dx  4
 C  g (x) =
4
44 24
Hence g (3) – g (1) = – = 64 – 4 = 60 Ans.
4 4

07. Consider sin 4 x  4 sin 2 x  4  cos4 x  4 cos2 x  4

= (2 – sin2x) + (2 – cos2 x) = 3
  3 dx = 3x + C  f(x) = 3x
 f(3) = 9. Ans.
`
08. f '' (x) = 14 + cos x
f ' (x) = 14x + sin x + C
Now f ' (1) = 14 + sin 1  C = 0
 f ' (x) = 14x + sin x
14 x 2
f (x) = – cos x + C
2
f (1) = 9 – cos 1
 9 – cos 1 = 7 – cos 1 + C  C=2
 f (x) = 7x2 – cos x + 2
2
 f (x) = 1  7x2 – cos x + 2 = 1  7x  1  cos
 x
1 1

 possible only if x = 0

09. –1  sin2 x  0
 [–sin2 x ] = –1 or 0
 sec–1 [–sin2 x] =  as sec–1(0) is not defined.
1
 sec [  sin 2 x ] dx = x + C  f(x) = x

 8  8 8
f  = =
 x  x x 576
 Indefinite Integration
''
  8   ' ' 16
 f     3   f  8   
16
= 2
  x   x  
  x   8
x 2
10. Put ln x = t
1 1
dt 1 t 
 = sin  = Ans.]
0 4  t2 2 0 6

3e 5x
11. J=  e8x  2e 4x  1 dx
3e 5x  e x
 J–I=  e8x  2e 4x  1 dx

=
3e 3x
 e x  dx (dividing by e2x)
 e 6x  2e 2x  e 2x

= 
3e 3x
 ex  dx
e 3x
 ex  2

Let e3x + e–x = t 

 3e 3x  e  x dx = dt 
dt 1 1 ex
 J–I =  t2 = C = C = C 
t 3e 3x  e  x e4x  1  
1
12. 
2009 803 401
 2x 1608
 5 x 402  10  402
x x x x dx
1

 x  2x 
2009
 x 803  x 401 2010
 5 x 804  10 x 402 402
dx

put 2 x2010 + 5 x804 + 10 x402 = t; 4020 x 2009  x 803  x 401 dx  dt  

dt
x 2009
 x 803  x 401 dx   4020
;

 1 1 
1 1  t 402 
1 402   
  t dt 4020  1  1 
4020  
 402 

 403 
1  t 402  403 403
 1 402 402 1
4020  403    t  2 x  5 x  10 x   a  403
2010 804 402 402

  4020 403 4030

 402 

577
 Indefinite Integration
2
ax  2bx  c f x 
13. Let  dx = where f (x) and g(x) are polynomials ;
Ax 2
 2Bx  C 
2
g x 
(B2  AC  Ax2 + 2Bx + C is not a perfect square)
differentiate w.r.t. x
ax 2  2bx  c gx  f ' x   f x  g' x 
2 2
 ...(1)
( Ax  2Bx  C) g 2 x 
Hence g(x)  Ax2 + 2Bx + C
If Nr of RHS in equation (1), has to be a quadratic function then f(x) must be linear function (think !)
i.e. f(x) = px + q
 p(Ax2 + 2Bx + C) – (px + q) (2Ax + 2B)  ax2 + 2bx + c
Comparing coefficient of x2
a
Ap – 2Ap = a  – Ap = a  p =
A
coefficient of x
b
2Bp – (2Bp + 2Aq) = 2b  – Aq = b  q =
A
constant term
pC –2Bq = c
substituting the value of p and q
 aC 2Bb
 c
A A
 2Bb – aC = Ac  2Bb = Ac + aC
Hence 2Bb = Ac + aC Ans.

14. If b > a2
dx
I=  (x  a)2  b  a 2

1  xa 
I= tan 1   C
 
b  a2  ba
2


dx
If b = a2 then I =  (x  a)2
1
C . Ans.
xa

15.  f ( x ) dx = ln (sec x) + ln (sec 2x) + ln(sec 4x) + ln (sin 8x) + C

 sin 8x   8 sin x · sin 8x 

= ln   + C = ln  
 cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x   8 sin x · cos x cos 2x cos 4 x 

578
 Indefinite Integration

 8 sin x sin 8x 
= ln   = ln(8 sin x) = ln 8 + ln(sin x) + C = ln(sin x) + C. Ans.
 sin 8x 

x3
16. Let I =  dx
1 x2
Put, 1 + x2 = t
3
1  t 1  1  1  1 2 2  3
 I=    dt =   t   dt =  t  2 t  + C = 1 1 x2  2  1 x2 + C
2  t  2  t 2 3  3


2  1 x 
2  1  x2 2
= 1  x   1 C = (x – 2) + C Ans.
 3  3
3
2 22 2 2 2 2 32
(C) x 1  x  (1  x ) + C = (1 + x2) 1  x 2  1  x 2 – (1  x ) +C
3 3
3
2 2
(1  x )
=  1  x 2 + C. Ans.
3

x3
Aliter: Let I =  dx
1 x2
Put x = tan   dx = sec2 d
tan 3  2
Now, I =  sec  d =  (sec 2   1) sec  tan  d
sec 
Put sec  = y
y3 sec3 
=  ( y 2  1) dy =  y +C=  sec  + C
3 3

(1  x 2 ) 1  x 2
= – 1 x 2 + C Ans.
3

1 x4
17.  (1  x 4 )3 2 dx
Take out x2 from the Dr , it will come out as x3
1
x 3
1  1 
  1 x 3 2 dx Put 2 – x2 = t2 – 2  x  3  dx = 2 t dt
x  x 
2
 2 x 
x 
t dt 1 x
–  3 dt = + C =  C1 ; as f (0) = 0  C1 = 0.
t t 1  x4
x
Now  dx = 1 sin 1 x 2  C
4 2
1 x 2
579
 Indefinite Integration
but g (0) = 0  C2 = 0
1 1 2
g (x) = sin x
2
 1   
Hence g =   k = 12 Ans
 2  12 k
 2x 4 
1  x 4  2x 4  1
 dx
Alternatively : I=  dx = 
1 x4 
3 / 2 

 1 x
4

1/ 2

1 x 
4 3/ 2 

This is of the form f (x) + x f ' (x)
x
hence I = x f (x) = +C
1 x4
d
18. (x2y) = x – 1
dx
Integrating both sides
x2
x2 y =  ( x  1) dx = –x+C
2
If x = 1, y = 0
1 1
 0= –1+C  C=
2 2
x2 1
x2 y = –x+
2 2
1 1 1
y= –  2
2 x 2x
dy 1 1 x 1
 2 3 
dx x x x3
x 1
 >0
x3
 x  (–  , 0)  (1, )

sin 4 x  cos 4 x  
19. I=  dx , x   0, 
sin 3 x cos x  2

cos 2 x 1  tan 4 x cos x 1  tan 4 x

=  sin 3 x cos x dx =  sin 3 x
dx

1  cot 4 x 2
=  cot 2 x ·cot x ·cos ec x dx
put cot2x = t  2 cot x · cosec2x dx = – dt

1 1 t 2
I=– dt
2 t
put 1 + t2 = y2
 t dt = y dy

580
 Indefinite Integration
1 y ·y 1 y2 1 1
I = –  2 dy = –  2 dy
2 t 2 y 1

1 dy  y 1 y 1
= – 2   dy   2  = C – – ln
 y 1  2 4 y 1

1 t2 1 t2 1 1
=C–  ln where t = cot2x Ans.
2 4 t2 1 1
20.
f (x) x2  x 1 2  2x  1 
(i)  x3 1 dx = ln
x 1 + tan–1   +C
3  3 
Differentiating both sides, we get
f (x) ( x  1)( 2x  1)  ( x 2  x  1).1
x 1 2 1 2
= + . 2
.
x3 1 x 2  x  1 ( x  1) 2 3  2x  1  3
1  
 3 

2x 2  x  1  x 2  x  1 4 3
= + . 2
x3 1 3 3  (4 x  4 x  1)

x 2  2x  2 1
= 3 + 2
x 1 x  x 1
f(x) = (x – 2x – 2) + (x – 1) = x2 – x – 3  f (1) = – 3 Ans.
2

6
1
1  6cosec x sin x
(ii) I=  d (sin x ) =  2
d (sin x )
6  f (sin x ) 6  sin x  sin x  3
6
1
 sin 2 x sin x
sin x  3
d (sin x ) (Put sin x = t)

6 1 6
1 
=  2 t dt = t 2 t 3 dt = ln 1  1  3   K
t t 3
 1 3  t t2 
1  2
t t

 1 3 
= ln 1   + K
 sin x sin 2 x 
 1 3 
 g(x) = ln 1   
 sin x sin 2 x 
 1 3 
 g(t) = ln 1   
 sin t sin 2 t 
Now, Lim g (t )  ln 3 Ans.

t
2
581
 Indefinite Integration
5  f (sin x )  f (cos x ) 5  sin 2 x  sin x  3  cos 2 x  cos x  3
(iii) I=  sin x  cos x dx =  dx
sin x  cos x
=   dx   x  
 h(x) = – x (since h(1) = –1)
 3
Hence tan–1 h 2 + tan–1 h 3 = tan–1 (–2) + tan–1 (–3) = Ans.
4

21. a = 1 I1 =  tan( x) tan (x  b) dx

tan (x  b)  tan x
Now tan (x + b – x) = 1  tan ( x  b) tan x

tan ( x  b)  tan x
i.e. 1 + tan (x + b) tan x = tan b
1
so I1 =  tanb (tan (x + b) – tan x) – 1 dx
1
i.e. tan b (ln sec (x + b) – ln sec x) – x + C
i.e. cot b (ln cos x – ln cos (x + b)) – x + C

(B) a = 1 I2 =  cot x cot ( x  b )dx

cot (x  b) cot x  1
Now cot (x + b – x) = cot x  cot ( x  b)

i.e. cot (x + b) cot x + 1 = cot b (cot x – cot (x + b))

1
I2 =  tan b (cot x – cot (x + b)) –1 dx

= cot b (ln sin x – ln sin (x + b)) – x + C

(C) I1 = for a = – 1 is
i.e. I1 =  tan x tan ( b  x ) dx

tan x  tan (b  x )
Now tan (x + b – x) = 1  tan x tan (b  x )

tan x  tan (b  x )
i.e. 1 – tan x tan (b – x) = tan b
1
I1 =  1  (tan x + tan (b – x)) dx
tan b
1
= x – tan b (ln sec x – ln sec (b – x)) + C

582
 Indefinite Integration
1
= x – tan b (ln cos (b – x) – ln cos x) + C

 cos ( x  b) 
= x – cot b  ln cos x  + C
 
(D) I2 for a = – 1
I1 =  cot x cot( b  x ) dx

cot x cot (b  x )  1
Now cot (x + b – x) = cot x  cot (b  x )

i.e. cot x cot (b – x) = 1 + cot b (cot x + cot (b – x) )

I2 =  1  cot b (cot x  cot ( b  x )) dx
= x + cot b (ln sin x – ln sin (b – x)) + C ]

dx
22.  cos ( x  1) cos ( x  2) cos ( x  3) Put x – 2 = y

dy dy
 cos ( y  1) cos y cos ( y  1) =  (cos2 1  sin 2 y) cos y Put sin y = t

dt  1 1
  cos2 1  t 2  t 2 = sec21     dt
 cos2 1  t 2 t 2 
 sec1 cos1  t 1 
= sec21  ln  
 2 cos1  t t 

 sec1 cos1  sin ( x  2) 1 

= sec21  ln   + C.

 2 cos1  sin ( x  2 ) sin ( x  2 ) 

x3 1
23.  ( x 4  1) ( x  1) dx
( x 4  x 3 )  ( x 4  1) x3 1
= 
( x 4  1)( x  1)
dx =  x 4  1 dx –  x  1 dx
1
= ln(x4 + 1) – ln (x + 1) + c Ans.
4
1 1
24.  f ' (x2) =  f ' (x) = , x>0
x x
 f(x) = 2 x + c (c = integration constant)
 f(1) = 1  c=–1
 f(x) = 2 x – 1, x > 0
and g ' (sin2x – 1) = cos2x + p  x  R
 g ' (– cos2x) = cos2 x + p
 g ' (x) = p – x,  x  [– 1, 0]
583
 Indefinite Integration
x2
 g(x) = px – +k (where k = integration constant)
2
1 1
 g(–1) = 0  0 = – p – +k k= +p
2 2
x2 1
 g(x) = px – + +p
2 2

2 x  1 , x0
 2
 h(x) =  x 1
px    p , 1  x  0
 2 2
 At x = 0
L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
1 3
 –1= +p  p=
2 2
Hence 2p = – 3
 Absolute value of 2p is 3

x 2009 x 2010 1  x 2010 1

25.   dx =  x  x 2011 dx =  x  x 2011 dx   x  x 2011 dx
1  x 2010
x 2009 1 1  x 2010
 
1  x 2010
dx +  x  x 2011 dx =  x 1  x 2010  dx

dx
 h(x) =
x= ln x + C
 h(1) = 0  C = 0
 h(x) = ln x  h(e) = ln e = 1. Ans.]

  100 x  
  log10  
  x 
 log10 2    x 
   log 2   
26. A= 2   A= 2   100x  

x 1 100  x
 A=  =
100  x A x
 100  x 
I =  loge10 · log10   dx =  ln 100  x   ln x  dx
 x 
= (x – 100) ln (100 – x) + (100 – x) – x ln x + x + C
I = (x – 100) ln (100 – x) – x ln x + C. Ans.

x  1  x 2 1 1
27. f(x) =  2 d 1  x 2  =  2 x 3 dx =  x 2 dx   x  C
1 1
f(2) =   C = C=1
2 2

584
 Indefinite Integration
x 1
 f(x) =
x
x 1
x 1 1 1
x 1
g1(x) = f(x) = ; g2(x) = f(f(x)) =   ;
x x 1 x 1 1  x
x
1
g3(x) = f f f x  = =x
 x 1
1  
 x 
x 1 1
g4(x) = g1(x) = ; g5(x) = g2(x) = ;
x 1 x
g6(x) = g3(x) = x and so on
x 1 1
 g(3n – 2) (x) = , g(3n – 1) (x) = , g (x) = x
x 1  x 3n
d d  1 1
dx

g ( 3n  2 ) ( x )  
1   
dx  x  x 2
 option (A) is worng.

d d
dx

g ( 3n ) ( x ) dx
(x)  1  option (B) is correct.

2 100
Lim x  x  .....  x  x  101
x 1
x 1
applying L' Hospital's rule
99
Lim 1  2x  .....  100 x  1
x 1 = 1 + 2 + ......+ 100 + 1 = 5051  option (C) is wrong.
1
1
y = g80 (x) = g(3n–1)(x) =
1 x
1
 g'(3n – 1)(x) =
(1  x ) 2

g'(3n 1) ( x ) 1 4
x  option (D) is also correct.
2

28.
(cos4 x  cos6 x )1 / 4
 (1  sin 3 x )1 / 2 dx =
(cos 4
x (1  cos 2 x ) 4
dx = 
cos x sin 1 / 2 x
dx
 (1  sin 3 x )1/ 2 (1  sin 3 x )1 / 2

1
3
Let sin3/2x = t  sin 2 x cos x dx = dt
2
2 dt 2 1 2
 Given integral = 3  2 1/ 2 = sin t  c = sin 1 (sin 3 / 2 x )  c
(1  t ) 3 3

585
 Indefinite Integration

'
g (x ) (1  x ) ln x  5  g ( x ) 
29. =  5
x (ln x )6  (ln x ) 

g (x ) (1  x ) ln x  5 x · ln x · g ' ( x )  5g( x )

 =
x (ln x )6 x ( ln x ) 6

g' (x) 1
 g(x) (1 + x) = x g'(x)  =1+
g( x ) x
 ln g(x) = x + ln x  g(x) = k · xex
 g(1) = k · e = e  k = 1
g(x) = xex.
 f(x) = ln (x + 1) – ln (x) + 1
1 1
f "(x) = 2

x ( x  1) 2

2012 2012  1 1 
 
Now,  f " (x ) =   x 2  (x  1) 2 
 
x 1 x 1

1 1   1 1   1 1   1 1 
=  2  2  +  2  2  +  2  2  + ........ +  2
 
1 2  2 3  3 4   2012 20132 

2012 1 2012 · 2014

Hence  f " (x) = 1  (2013) 2  (2013) 2
x 1

(2013) 2 2012
Hence,  f " (x) = 2012. Ans.
(2014) x 1

dx
30. I= 
cos3 ( x  ) sin( x      )

dx
 3
cos ( x  )sin( x  ) cos(  )  cos(x  ) sin(   ) 

sec 2 (x  )
=  cos(  ) tan( x  )  sin(   )

1 sec 2 (x  )
cos(  )  tan( x  )  tan(  )
dx

586
 Indefinite Integration
Put tan (x + ) + tan ( – ) = t2
sec2 (x + ) dx = 2t dt
2t dt
 t
2 tan( x  )  tan(  )
+C
cos(  )
( t 2  1) t dt ( t 2  1) dt
31. I = 2 = 2
t ( t  t 2  1) t ( t 2  1) 1 1
t (t   1) t t 
t t
1
1
t2
= 2 dt
1 1
( t   1) t 
t t

1  1
put t = y2; 1  2  dt = 2y dy
t  t 
y dy 1 1 1
I = 4  ( y 2  1) y = 4 tan
1
t   C = 4 tan x C
t x

1
g (x) = x
x
; g (1) = 2 Ans.

cot 2x cot 3x
32. I dx  tan 2x tan 5x tan 7 x dx
cot 5x  
I1 I2

consider I2 =  (tan 7 x  tan 5 x  tan 2 x ) dx ....(1)

cot 2 x cot 3x
again I1 =  dx
cot 5x
5x = 2x + 3x;
cot A cot B  1
cot 5x = cot(A + B) =
cot B  cot A
cot 2x cot 3x  1
cot 5x =
cot 2 x  cot 3x
cot 5x cot 2x + cot 5x cot 3x + 1 = cot 2x cot 3x
cot 5x cot 2x  cot 5x cot 3x  1
 I1 =  dx
cot 5x
I1 =  (cot 2 x  cot 3x  tan 5x ) dx
Now I = I1 – I2
I =  (cot 2 x  cot 3x  tan 5 x ) dx –  (tan 7 x  tan 5 x  tan 2 x ) dx
587
 Indefinite Integration

=  (cot 2 x  tan 2 x ) dx   (cot 3x ) dx  2  (tan 5 x ) dx   (tan 7 x ) dx

ln (sin 3x ) 2 1
= 2 (cosec 4 x ) dx   ln (sec 5x )  ln (cos 7 x )
3 5 7
1 ln (sin 3x ) 2 1
= ln (cosec 4x  cot 4 x )   ln (sec 5x )  ln (cos 7 x ) + C
2 3 5 7
1 1 2 1
= ln (tan 2x )  ln (sin 3x )  ln (sec 5x )  ln (cos 7 x )  C
2 3 5 7
1 1 2 1 105  70  84  30
Hence a + b + c + d =    =
2 3 5 7 210
289 m
= =
210 n
 m + n = 499 Ans.
`
Paragraph for Question no. 33 & 34

Sol. Given f(1) = 2 and f(– 2) = 3

f(x) = P(x) · (x3 – 2x2 – 5x + 6) + R(x)
 f(x) = P(x) · (x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3) + R(x)
Let R(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C
f(x) = P(x) (x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3) + Ax2 + Bx + C
f(1) = A + B + C = 2
f(–2) = 4A – 2B + C = 3
––––––––––––
On solving A – B = 1/3
7 
and C =   2A 
3 
 1 7 
Also g(x) = Ax2 +  A   x +   2A 
 3 3 
Given x-coordinate of vertex is

Hence , A = 1
2 1
so , g(x) = x2 + x + . 2.
3 3

34
f(3) = R(3) = . Ans
3

588
 Indefinite Integration

35. Put tan  = t  sec2 d = dt  (1 + tan2) d = dt

(9 t 5  7 t 3 ) t 3 (9 t 2  7 )
 (t 3  t )1 2 dt =  dt
 t (t 2
 t) 
12

Multiplying by t3
(9 t 8  7 t 6 )
 ( t9  t 7 )1 2 dt Put t9 + t7 = y2

7
2y 2
 y dy = 2y + C = 2 t 2 t  1 + C
= 2 (tan )7/2 sec  + C. Ans.

589
 Area Under Curve
01 If the area bounded by the curves f(x) = x2 Paragraph for question nos. 8 to 11
256 Let f(x) be a differentiable function such that
and g(x) = a is then the value of a is f(x + y) = ex f(y) + ey f(x) all x, y and f '(0) = 1.
3
08. f(x) has
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 32
(A) maximum
(B) minimum
02 If the area bounded by the curve y = x2, (C) both maximum and minimum
y = –x2 and y2 = 4x – 3 is A, then the value of (D) neither maximum nor minimum
12A, is 09. The range of f(x) is :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (A) R (B) [0, )
 1   1 
03 If the area enclosed by y = x3, its normal at (C)   , 1 (D)   ,  
 e   e 
A 10. Lim f(x) is
P(1, 1) and x-axis is , then A equals x  
8
(A) 0 (B) 1
(A) 7 (B) 14 (C) 2 (D) 3 (C) –1 (D) non existent

04tf The area enclosed between the curve f(x) = 11 The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and
sin–1(sin x) + cos–1(cos x) and x-axis where x the x-axis is :
 [0, 2], is 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 2 (D) e
9 2 5 2 1 2
(A) 2 (B)  (C)  (D) 2
4 4 4
12. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3. If the
curve y = f(x) has relative extrema at x =
Paragraph for Question no. 5 to 6
2
and passes through (0, 0) and (1, – 2)
Let f(x) = sin 3x + cos x; 3
g(x) = cos 3x + sin x dividing the circle x2 + y2 = 4 in two parts,
2 then the area bounded by
 f 
2
05 If ( x )  g 2 ( x ) dx = k, then the value
k
0 x2 + y2 = 4 and y  f(x) is . Find the
2
of k is
value of k.
1 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 4 (D)
2 4 1
4
06 If the area of the region bounded by the two 13
 4x 
3
If  f ( x ) f ( x )dx  then the area of
curves y = f(x) and y = g(x) (where x varies 0
7
 region bounded by y = f(x), x-axis and
from 0 to ) is k1 cos + k2 then (k1 + k2) is ordinate x = 1 and x = 2, is
8
equal to 11 13
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) none (A) (B)
2 2
07 If the area bounded by the curves
15 17
(C) (D)

f (x) = cos 1
cos x, 2
2 2

g (x) = cos 1
cos x  and 14 Let R = {(x, y) : | x – y | < 2} and S = {(x, y) :
| x + y | < 2}. Then the value of the area of the

|x|= is a3 + b2 + c, then find the region formed by (R  S) is
2
minimum value of ( | a | + | b | + | c | ). (A) 2 (B) 2 2
(C) 4 (D) 8
590
 Area Under Curve

Answer Key

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C

7. 1 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. 4

13. C 14. D

591
 SOLUTIONS Area Under Curve

dy
03 y = x3, = 3x2
a dx
256
01 A= 2  a  x 
2
dx =
3
0 dy 
Now, 3
dx  1, 1
a
 x3  256 Y
 2  ax    =
 3   3
0 P(1,1)

(4,0)
X
  256 (0,0) (1,0)
a a
 2  a a  =

 3  3

y=a
1
Normal at P(1, 1) is (y – 1) = (x – 1)
– a a 3
 x + 3y = 4, intersects x-axis at (4, 0)
1
1
4a a = 256 So, required area =  x 3dx  (3  1)
0
2
3
a2 = 64
7 A
a = 16. Ans. =  (Given)  A = 14. Ans.
4 8
02 Required area 
04tf Enclosed Area = 2 × = 2
2
  y
1 2 1
 1 
= 2   x dx   4x  3  = = A(Given)
0 3  3
 4 

1
12A = 12 × =4 x
3
/2  3 /2 2


f(x) = x + x = 2x ; 0<x<
2

= ( – x) + x =  ; <x<
2

3
=  – x + 2 – x = 3 – 2x; <x<
2

592
 Area Under Curve
3
= x – 2 + 2 – x = 0 ; < x < 2
2  2  
x ; x  0, 
 2
Paragraph for question nos. 5 to 6 07 We have f (x) =  ;
(  x ) 2 ; x    ,  
2 2  2 
 f 
2 2
(i) ( x )  g ( x ) dx = 2  (sin 4x  1) dx
0 0
  
2 x ; x  0, 
  cos 4x   2
=  2x  = 4 g (x) = 
 2  0
(  x ) ; x    ,  
 2 
   
(ii) f(x) = g(x)  sin   x  sin   2 x 
4  4 
   
= sin   x  sin   2x  /2
4  4 
x

 
 sin   2x  = 0 O /2 
 4  1

both f & g are periodic

3 7 with period =  & symmetric
x= ;x=
8 8 about x = /2

     Required area = 2
sin   x  = sin   x 
4  4  1 2 
 x = 0,  where x  [0, ]  ( x  x 2 ) dx  ( x 2  x ) dx 
  
3 8 0 1 
A=  (sin 3x  cos x  cos 3x  sin x ) dx   1 1   3 1    2 1  
0
= 2             
7 8   2 3   24 3   8 2  
+  (sin 3x  cos x  cos 3x  sin x) dx  3  2 1  3 2 2
3 8
= 2    =
  
 24 8 3  12 4 3
 a3 + b2 + c (Given)


 (sin 3x  cos x  cos 3x  sin x) dx 1 1 2

+ So, a = , b = , c =
7 8 12 4 3
Hence A = A1 + A2 + A3 Hence, (| a | + | b | + | c |) =
2 4   1 1 2
where A1 =   sin  cos  ;  
3 3 8 8 12 4 3

8  2 4   1 1 2 1 3  8
A2 = cos ; A3 =    sin  cos  =   = = 1 Ans
3 8 3 3 8 8 12 4 3 12
Paragraph for question nos. 8 to 11
 4 16 
A=  cos . 8.
3 3 8 (1) f(x + y) = ex f(y) + ey f(x) ......... (i)
6 4 x=y=0
k1 = and k2 = . f(0) = 2f(0)  f(0) = 0
3 3
Hence k1 + k2 = 4. Ans.
593
 Area Under Curve
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x partially
f '(x + y) = ex f(y) + ey f ' (x) ......... (ii)
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. y partially
f '(x + y) = ex f '(y) + ey f(x) ......... (iii)
(ii) – (iii)  –2 O 2
f ' ( x )  f ( x ) f ' ( y)  f ( y)
  f '(x) – f(x)
ex ey
= Aex, where A is a constant. It is linear d.e.
with integrating factor e–x.
2x 2
x x f(x) = (x – 4)
 f(x)e–x =  Ae ·e dx  Ax  B 3
f(0) = 0  B = 0
 f(x) = Axex (2) 2 
f '(x) = A(x + 1)ex required area = = 2 = 4
2 2
f '(0) = 1  A = 1
 k = 4. Ans.
 f(x) = xex, f '(x) = (x + 1)ex
f '(x) = 0  x = –1
1
f ''(x) = (x + 2) ex, f ''(–1) = e–1 > 0 4
13  4x  4x  
6 3
f(x) has minimum at x = –1.  f (x ) f ( x )  4 x 6 dx 
0
7
(2) f(x)  as x 
 1 
The range is [f(–1), f()) =   ,   1

 f ( x)  2x  dx
3 2
 e  =0
0
y
 f(x) = 2x3

y=xex
–1 x y
0
(0, 2)
(– 2, 0) (2, 0)

1 14 x;
(3) Lim x = Lim  0 by L.H. Rule. O
x 
e  x x    e x
(0, – 2)
0

(4) The area =   f (x )dx



0 1
x x 0 Area = 4   × 2 × 2 = 8. Ans.
=   xe dx =  ( x  1)e

1  2


 2 4
12. f '(x) = a  x  
 3

 x 3 4x 
 f(x) = a  3  3  + b passes through
 
(0, 0) and (1, – 2)
 b = 0, a = 2
594
 Differential Equation
01 Let f(x) f ( x )  0  be a differentiable (A) y = ln |1 – x | + C
(B) y = – ln |1 – x | + C
function satisfying f 2(x) =
(C) y = – ln |1 + x | + C
x
(D) y = ln |1 + x | + C
 f 
( t )  f 4 ( t )  f ' ( t ) 2 dt + 100
2

0
07. Let f(x) b differentiable an the interval (0, )
where f 2(0) = 100, then Lim f ( x ) can be such that f(1) = 1 and
x
(A) 0 (B*) 1 t 3f  x   x 3f  t 
Lim  1 for each x > 0,
10
t x t2  x2
(C) (D) 10 then find the value of 3f (3).
9
02 Let y = f(x) defined in [0, 2] satisfies the
differential equation y3 y" + 1 = 0 where f(x) 08 Family of curves satisfying the differential
 0  x  Df and f '(1) = 0, f(1) = 1 then find equation,
the maximum value of f(x). x(1 – x2) dy + (2x2y – y – 5x3)dx = 0, is
[Note : Df denotes the domain of the function (A) y + 5x = c x 1  x 2
and y" denotes the 2nd derivative of y w.r.t x.]
(B) y + 5x = c x 1  x 2
03 If (x2 + y2)dy = xy dx
and y(1) = 1, y() = e,
4 4
then  = ke , where k equals (C) y – 5x = c x 1  x 2
9 (D) y – 5x = c x 1  x 2
(A) 9 (B)
4
3 09. A curve y = f(x) passing through (1, 2) is such
(C) 3 (D) that the intercept a tangent cuts off on the
2
04 If y(x) satisfies the differential equation ordinate axis is half the sum of the co-ordinates
of the tangency point. Find the value of f (9).
dy 
+ 2y tan x = sin x and y   = 0,
dx 3 10 Let y = y(x) satisfy the equation
then which of the following statement(s) is(are) x
correct ? 2
y(x) +  y( t ) dt  x . The value of y(e) is
1
   2 3 1
(A) y'   = equal to
6 2
(A) 2e – 2 + e1 – e (B) 2e – 1 + e1 – e
(B) y() = 3 (C) 2e + 2 + e1 – e (D) 2e + 1 + e1 – e
(C) Number of values of x for which
y(x) = – 1 in (0, 2) are two. 11(mcq) A particle moves in a straight line. Its position
 at time t is f(t). When 0 < t < 1, the position
2 is given by the integral

(D)  y( x) dx = 1  4 . t
1  2 sin x cos x
0
f (t) =  1  x2
dx. For t > 1,
05. A function y = f (x) satisfy f '(x) = 2 f (x) – x 0

with f (0) = b. If f (x) > 0 for all x  0, the particle moves with constant acceleration.
then find the least integral value of b. Which of the following is(are) correct ?
1
06 The general solution y (x) of the differential (A) it’s acceleration at time t = 2 is –
2
y  1
d   dt  (B) it’s velocity when t = 1, is
 
equation  x   x , is 2
dy (C) it’s velocity when t > 1 is
595
 Differential Equation

1 1 14 The area enclosed by the curve C and its tan-

+ (– ) (t – 1) gent at (1, 1) and x-axis is equal to
2 2
(D) the difference f(t) – f(1) when t > 1, is (A) 1 – cot–1 3 (B) tan–1 3 – 1
1 1 1 (C) 1 – sec–1 2 (D) sin–1 (1) – 1
(t – 1) + ( – )(t – 1)2.
2 2 2
15 The shortest distance between the curve C
12. Let f (x) be a positive differentiable function and the parabola x2 = 2y + 1 is equal to
defined on [0, 1] such that f (1) = 0 and for any (A) 2 1 (B) 2 1
a  (0, 1),
(C) 6 1 (D) 5 1
a 1

 f ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx = 2f (a) + 3a + b,
0 a
where b is a constant. Find f (x).

Paragraph for question nos. 13 to 15

Let C be a curve f(x, y) = 0 passing through

(1, 1) such that it is orthogonal to family of
circles x2 + y2 – ax = 0, where a being
parameter.

13. If the curve C intersects the circle

x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + k = 0 orthogonally then 'k'
is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 2
(C) 0 (D) – 4

596
 Differential Equation

ANSWER KEY

1. B 2. 1 3. A
4. AC 5. 1 6. B
7. 41 8. C 9. 0
3
10. A 11. ABCD 12.
2

1  e x1 
13. D 14. C 15. A

SOLUTIONS Differential Equation

01 Differentiate
ex 1
1 =
2f(x) f '(x) = f 2(x) – f 4 (x) + f '(x) 2 K y
f 4(x) = f 2(x) + f '(x) 2 – 2f(x) f '(x) K
 y=
K  ex
f 4(x) = f (x)  f '(x) 2
f(x) – f '(x) = ± f 2(x)  Lim y  1
x
dy dy
 = y ± y2
dx =x+c
y(1 y)
dy
 y(1 y) = x + c  y 
ln   = x + c
 1 y 
 y 
ln   = x + c y
 y 1  = Kex
1 y
y at x = 0 ; y = 10
= Kex
y 1
10
at x = 0 ; y = 10  k=
9
10 1 y
 K= 1 x
11 = e
y K
y
 = Kex
y 1
y 1 1 x
 = e
y K

597
 1 K  e x  – 1 t 2 = x + 
=
y K
 – 1 y 2 =x + 
K
y= putting x = 1, y(1) = 1
K  e x
 = –1  – 1 y 2 = x – 1
Lim f (x )  1 . Ans.
x  1 – y2 = x2 – 2x + 1
y2 = 2x – x2
02 y3 y" = –1
y= 2 x  x 2 = f(x) {y  0 x Df}
 y' Taking as negative sign we will obtain the same
y' y'' =
y3 function.
2  2x
Integrating both sides f '(x) = = 0 x = 1
2 2x  x 2
( y' ) 2 1
= +c which is point of maxima
2 2y 2 maximum value of f(x) is
putting x = 1, y = 1 and y'(1) = 0
= f(1) = 2  1 = 1. Ans.
1 1
0= + c c =
2 2
y
y dy  xy 
03 We have,   x
1 dx  x 2  y 2   y
2
1  
x
x
O 1 2 Put y = vx
dy xdv
 =v+
1 dx dx
( y' ) 2 1
= 2 –
v
2 2y 2 xdv
v + =
dx 1  v2
1 1 y 2
(y')2 = –1 (y')2 = dv  v 
y2 y2  x · dx =  2
 v
 1 v 
1  y2 y
 y' = ±  y' = ± 1 dv v  v  v3
y 1 y 2  x · dx =
1  v2
Taking as +ve sign
y  1  v2  dx
 1  y2 y'dx =  1.dx    3  dv = – 
 v  x

 3 1  dx
Putting y = t    v   dv = – 
y'dx = dt  v x

t v 2
 dt = x +  1 – t2 = z2  + ln v = – ln x + C
1 t2 2
 –2tdt = 2zdz 1 · x2 y
 2
 ln   = – ln x + C
z dz 2y x
– = x +  –z = x + 
z Now, y(1) = 1 598
 1  (2 cos x + 1) (cos x – 1) = 0
 0 = – 0 + C
2
1 Either cos x =
–1 or cos x = 1
C= . 2
2
2 4
 x2 y 1 But x  (0, 2), so x = , .
 2  ln    lnx  3 3
2y x 2
 
2 2
 x2 1 2

2y 2
 ln y 
2
(D)  y( x) dx =  (cos x  2 cos x ) dx
0 0
Also, y() = e
 
2 = 1 – 2  = 1 – . Ans.
 1 4 2
 2
1
2e 2
dy
2 3 05. – 2y = – x (Linear differential equation)
  dx
2e2 2
 2 = 3e2 I.F. = e–2x
 4 = 9e4  y · e–2x =
So, k = 9. Ans.
2 x  x 2 x 1 2 x 
– dx = –   e  e dx 
 x e  2 2 
I II
dy
04 We have,  ( 2 tan x ) y = sin x
dx x  2 x 1 2 x
= e  e C
(Linear differetial equation) 2 4
x 1
I.F. = e 2  tan x dx  e 2 ln (sec x ) = sec2x. f (x) =   Ce
2x
2 4
So, general solution is 1
y(0) = b  C = b –
4
sin x x 1  1  2x
y · sec2 x =  cos2 x dx  C Hence f (x) =    b  e .
2 4  4
 y · sec2x = sec x + C Now f (x) > 0  x  0
 1
Now, y   = 0  C = – 2.  b
3 4
 least integer value of b = 1 Ans.
 y(x) = cos x – 2 cos2 x
(A) y ' (x) = – sin x + 4 cos x · sin x y 
d  dt 
  1 3 1  
y '  x   = +4 × 06 x   x
 6 2 2 2 dy
1 2 3 1 d(y  x)
= + 3 = .
2 2  = x
dy
(B) y() = cos  – 2 cos2 
= (– 1) – 2 (– 1)2 = (– 1) – 2(1) dx
1 – =x
= – 1 – 2 = – 3. dy
(C) Consider the equation,
1 dy dx
y(x) = – 1  =   =  dy
 cos x – 2 cos2 x 1 x dx 1 x
= – 1  2 cos2 x – cos x – 1 = 0 y = – ln (1 – x) + C
599
 t 3f  x   x 3f  t  1
07. Lim 1 =
t x t2  x2 x 1 x 2

3t 2f  x   x 3f '  t  1 x dx
Lim 1 Hence y · = 5
t x 2t x 1 x 2 x 1 x2
3x2 f(x) – x3 f ’(x) = 2x x dx 5
x3 f ’ (x) – 3x2 f(x) = – 2x =  (1  x 2 )3 2 =– +c
1 x2
3 2
f ’(x) – f(x) = – 2
x x or y = c x 1  x 2 – 5x
3
  dx
e x  e3ln x  x 3 y + 5x = c x 1  x 2
I.F. =
2 1 xy
yx–3 = –  2
. 3 dx = – 2  x 5dx 09. y  mx =
x x 2
dy 1 1
2
x   c
4
 
d x 2x
y=
2
=
 4 
1 4
yx–3 = x c
2
1
1= c
2
1
y + cx3
2x y=c x x
1 y = 3 x  x
c=
2
10 Differentiate w.r.t. x
f(x) = y =
1 x3 1  x
 
4
  y ' (x) + y(x) = 2x
2x 2 2x dy
+ y = 2x
dx
1  3   1  81 
4
82

41
I.F. = ex
f(3) =
 2  3 (2)(3) (2)(3) 3
yex = 2  xe x dx
3f(3) = 41

yex = 2 xe x  e x  C 
dy y = 2(x – 1) + ce–x
08 x(1 – x2) + (2x2 – 1) y – 5x3 = 0
dx at x = 1 ; y (1) = 1  c = e
y = 2(x – 1) + e1 – x. Ans.
dy  2x 2  1 
 + y
dx  x (1  x 2 ) 
1  sin 2t 1
11. V(t) = f  (t) = 2  f  (1) =
1 t 2
5x 3 5x 2 Also
= =
x (1  x 2 ) 1  x 2 dV (1  t 2 )2 cos 2t  (1  sin 2t )2t

2x2 1 x2 x2 1 dt (1  t 2 ) 2
 x(1x2 ) dx  x(1x2) dx ln (x 1x2 )
I.F.= e e e dV  4  2 1
   
dt  t 1 4 2
600
 (which is independent of t ) Paragraph for question nos. 13 to 15
This remains constant
 hence when t = 2 then acceleration Sol :
1 x2 + y2 – ax = 0
= –
2 x 2  y2
a=
1 x
now velocity at t = 1 is = V0 say
2 Differentiating
(using v = u + at )
x (2x  2 yy' )  (x 2  y 2 )
Velocity when t > 1 is given by 0=
V (t > 1) = V0 + a(t – 1) x2
1 1 x2 + 2xy y' – y2 = 0
= + ( – )(t – 1) orthogonal curve
2 2
for t > 1, f(t) – f(1) 2xy
x2 – – y2 = 0
1 t 1 y'
=  f (x) dx +
0
 f (x) dx –
1
 f (x) dx 2 xy
0
y' = ... (1)
t
x  y2
2

1 Put y = vx
=  f (x) dx = V0(t – 1) + a(t – 1)2
1 2
dv 2v
v+x =
1 2 dx 1  v 2
(using s = ut + at )
2
dv 2v v  v3
1 1 1 x = –v=
f(t) – f(1) = (t – 1) + ( – )(t – 1)2 dx 1  v 2 1  v2
2 2 2
where t > 1 1  v2 dx
 3 dv =
vv x
a 1
(1  v2 )  2v 2 dx
12.  f ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx = 2f (a) + 3a + b  2
dv 
0 a
v(1  v ) x
Differentiating w.r.t. by a Leibnitz rule, 1 2v  dx
  2  dv =
3  v 1 v  x
2 f (a) = 2 f ' (a) + 3 or f ' (a) – f (a) = 2
2 ln v – ln (1 + v ) = ln x + ln c
a linear differential equation with integrating
 v 
factor e–a  ln   = ln (cx)
 1  v2 
 3 a 3
 f (a)e–a =  e da = e  a  A v xy
2 2  2 = cx  x 2  y 2 = cx
1 v
3
f (a) =  Ae a
2 y
 x2 + y2 – = 0.
f (1) = 0 c
3  3 1 This passes through (1, 1)
  Ae = 0 A = e
2 2 1
 c=
3 2
 f (a) =
2

1  e a 1   C : x2 + y2 – 2y = 0

3
f (x) =
2
 
1  e x 1 Ans.
601
(13) Since x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + k = 0
and x2 + y2 – 2y = 0 are orthogonal
 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2
 k=–4

(14) Required area


=1–
4

(0, 1) (1, 1)

x=1

 2 1 
(15) Let Q , 
 2 
 
Slope of tangent at P and Q are same
mPQ = slope of normal at Q

(0,1)
P
(1, 0)
(–1, 0)
Q  2 – 1
, 2 
 
 1
0, – 2 
 

2 1
1 1
 2
 0
3 –  = 0  = 0, ±1
Q(1, 0)
PQ = 2 – 1.

602