GENERAL CHEMISTRY(WITH LAB)

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 5

Effects of the Nature of Solute and Solvent on Solubility

FINAL
REPORT
Submitted By:

Jed Allen P. Mislang

MS103
Submitted To:

Ms. Daryll Anne De Joya

CHM01- Instructor
 I. OBJECTIVES & HYPOTHESES

This experiment determines the solubility of solids in liquids at different

temperatures and to prepare the solubility curve. Specifically, it attempted to obtain
the following objectives:

1. To determine if the nature of the solute and the solvent affect their solubility
2. To identify the correlation between solubility and nature of solute and
solvent.

STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESES

1. H0- The nature of the solute and the solvent would not affect their solubility.
2. H0- There is no correlation between solubility and the nature of solute and
solvent.

II. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF METHODOLOGY

Figure 1 – Solubility of Solid in Liquid

Weigh 0.15 g of
Put the solids in Add 20 drops of
each sodium
separate micro test water to each test
chloride and
tubes tube
napthalene

Observe if the Repeat procedure

Stir the mixtures
solids are soluble in using kerosene as
well
water the solvent
Figure 2: Solubility of Liquid in another Liquid

Place 10 drops of
Place 10 drops of Add 10 drops of
coconut oil in a
ethyl alcohol in a water to each test
separate micro test
micro test tube tube
 Repeat procedure
Observe if the liquids
Stir the mixtures well using kerosene as
are miscible in water
the solvent

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Table A. Solubility of Solid and Liquid

Solute Water Kerosene

Sodium Chloride Soluble Insoluble

Napthalene Insoluble Soluble

1.) Tell whether each solid solute is polar or nonpolar

Sodium chloride is a polar solute while naphthalene is a nonpolar solute.

Sodium chloride dissolved in water but not in kerosene. This is caused by the
solute’s nature. Being a polar solute, it dissolves in a polar solvent like water. It
doesn’t dissolve in kerosene because kerosene is a nonpolar solvent. Naphthalene is a
nonpolar solute and it is insoluble in water because water is a polar solvent, thus it
dissolves in kerosene which is a nonpolar solvent.

Table B. Solubility of Liquid in another Liquid

 Solute Water Kerosene

Ethyl alcohol Soluble Insoluble

Coconut Oil Insoluble Soluble

2.) Tell whether each solid solute is polar or nonpolar

Ethyl alcohol is a polar solute while coconut oil is a nonpolar solute.

Ethyl alcohol is a polar liquid like water, thus the two liquids are miscible.
Ethyl alcohol does not dissolve in kerosene because they are unlike in nature, making
them immiscible.

Coconut oil is insoluble in water since water is a polar solvent, and the oil is
a nonpolar solvent. Thus, the two liquids are immiscible. Coconut oil is miscible with
kerosene since the two liquids are alike in their nature.

3.) Based on the results, make a general correlation between solubility and nature of solute
and solvent.

From the gathered data, the correlation between solubility and the nature of
solute and solvent is that the nature of the solute and the solvent should be the same
for them to be a solution (solvent dissolves the solute). When the solute and the
solvent are both polar or both non polar, their solubility is likely. This confirms that
the nature of the components of a mixture affects their solubility.

IV. CONCLUSION

After performing the experiment, the observer therefore concludes that the nature
of the solute and solvent affect solubility, and there is a correlation between them, thus
rejecting the null hypotheses.
 In this experiment, we were able to confirm that that the nature of the components
of a mixture affects their solubility. We were also able to identify the correlation between the
two, which is if the nature of the solute and the solvent are alike, most likely they are soluble. We
found out that polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar molecules dissolve
in nonpolar solvents. In other words, “Like dissolves like”.