ELECTI'UC POWER SYSTEMS IN COMMERCIAi.

BUILDINGS IEEE Std 241·1990

identifies minimum requirements. For example. lhe NEC [3) establishes certain minimum elec1ric sys1em
capaci1y requirements for general lighting. receptacles. etc.• based on 1hetype of occupancy and demand factors.
11is essen1ial 1ha1 lhe elec1ric power sys1em designer. 1herefore. be''Cry knowledgeable of lhe con1ents of
lhe la1est edi1ion of lhe NEC [3). along wilh any local electrical codes in elfcc1 in 1hearea of lhe project

Sect.ion 2 (200 Series articles) of 1heNEC (3] covers minimum design requirements for sizing of feeder and
service equipment. The NEC. Art.icle 220 (3] deals specifically wilh branch-eireuil. feeder. and service
calculations.

2.2 Load Characteristics

During the process of detennining the lotal capacity of the electric power distribution system for the building,
in addition to noting the si1..e and location of each load, much consideration must be given to the various operating
or load charaeterisiies, for example, repelitive siarting or cycling of a load from lightly loaded 10 full load,
etc.The possibility of noncoincidence of many of theloads often invites consideration ofdiversity or demand
factors. A method for using typical data for load estimation and system sizing for power systems in commercial
buildings is introduced in 2.5.

2.2.1Lighting

As a resul1 of research and developmen1 by manufacturers, many highly efficient lighl soorces, luminaries,
and auxiliary equipment have been introduced. Research in basic seeing factors has provided greater knowledge of
many of the fundamental aspeelS of the quality and quantity of lighting. Consequently, ii is now possible 10
utili1.e considerably less lighting energy than in the past Chapter 10oonc.entrates on these factors.with considerable
attention 10 lhe ways 10 reduce energy consumption of lighting while providing adequately for lhe seeing
requiremenls and lhe well-being of the occupants and the objectives of the owners. Additional infonnation about
system design to properly serve lighting loads can be found in 4.9.1.

Traditionally, lighting loads have accounted for 20%-50% of lhe load in air-conditioned commercial buildings.
The Iota! lighling load for various buildings has commonly ranged from :3-6 VNft2. Reoenl energy
conservation
regulations (where adopted) subsiantially reduce pennitted lighting loads. The individual area lighting loads (eilher
in watts or voltamperes per square foot) vary directly with the required illumination level and inversely with
the efficiency of lhe lighting fixtures and lamps.While stressing thal the NEC [3] is nOI a design manual, lhe
electrical engineer must be aware lhat lhe NEC 13] does include, for example, Article 220. " raneh -Circuil
and Feeder Calculations" for various types of occupancies in commercial buildings. Minimum JX>Wer allowance
for lighting loads for each square foot of floor area, which help to identify the minimum capacities for the
associated feeder circu.it panelboards of lhe power disiribution syslem, are specified.

The engineer should recogni7..e aconsistently increasing trend in exterior lighting for security and decorative
effect and then provide service and feeder capacity for the resulting future increases in loads. Not only should
added circuit capacity be provided but consideration should also be given tospace in distribution equipment
for the added branch circuits.

Criteria for contromng the energy consumption of lighting systems in, and connected with, building facilities
have been prepared by the American Society of Heating. Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineeri;
(ASHRAE) in concert wilh lheIlluminating Engineering Society (!ES). They are identified in Section 6of
ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1989. Energy Effic.ienl Design of New Buildings Exoepl New Low-Rise Residential
Buildings (4),33 which eslablishes an upper limit of power to be allowed for lighting systems plus guidelines
for designing and managing those systems. A simplified method based on the above standard for detennining
the unit lighting power allowance for each building type is shown in Table 4.

33ASHRAE publicationsate a\-ailable from the American Socic1y of Heating, Rcfri.g«ating, and AiiConditiooing Engineers. 1791 Tu.Uie
Circle, N.E... Atlanta.. CA 30329. JES publiefdions arc ll\'ailllbJc: from tbc IJJumi.naii.ng Engineering Society, 34S East 47tb Street, New Yod:.
NY 10017.

C-Opyrlght0 1991IEEE All Rights Roserwd 31