Salahaddin University

College of Engineering
Geomatics Department

Report about (Hardware)

Prepared by: Supervisor:

Daneal Nawzad Sofi Dr.sarhang
Hiba Jamal Abdullah
Ahmed Jamal Rahman
Nur Aram Abdulkarim
Mohammed Adnan Bahram

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Table of Contents
1.0 Hardware 3
2.0 History of Hardware 3
3.0 Importance of Hardware 4
4.0 Type of Hardware 5
Reference 6

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1.0 HARDWARE

Includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, By

contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by
hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is "hard" or rigid with
respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is "soft" because
it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and
hardware is firmware which is software that is strongly coupled to the
particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to
change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of
interface. {1}

2.0 History of hardware

The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the
conversion from vacuum tube to solid-state devices such as the
transistor and later the integrated circuit. By 1959 discrete transistors
were considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made
further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive. Computer main
memory slowly moved away from magnetic core memory devices to
solid-state static and dynamic semiconductor memory, which greatly
reduced the cost, size and power consumption of computers. {2}

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-First Disk:

The IBM Model 350 Disk File was the first hard disk drive and was part
of the IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and
Control).

-First Ram:

Arguably the first (writable) random access memory was Magnetic Core
Memory (also called Ferrite-Core Memory) and was invented in 1951 as
a result of work done by An Wang at Harvard University’s Computation
Lab and Jay Forrester at MI. {3}

3.0 The importance of computer hardware

The computer’s hardware is thought of as the most important part in
computer because without the hardware system we can’t control over
any system otherwise there won’t be any base to run the programs on
it, For example the monitor is a device which allows you to see the
results of the entered data, and even if it gets any problems in this
system you can solve it by Simply knowing how to take care of the
hardware of a computer and understand their function each for the
device, then it is simple to determine what the problem is in the event
the unit stops working. So as to be knowledgeable about basic
computer troubleshooting you have to be knowledgeable about
computer hardware also we have to mention that the Motherboard is
the most important component in the system unit and the main
function of the motherboard is to act as the main circuit board. {4}

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4.0 Type of hardware

1-keyboard: Is the piece of computer hardware used to input text,

characters and other commands into a computer or similar device. {5}

2-mouse: Pointing devices are the most commonly used input devices
today. A pointing device is any human interface device that allows user
spatial data to a computer. In the case of mouse and touch pads, this is
usually achieved by detecting movement across a physical surface. {5}

3-microphone: Is a device that captures audio by converting sound

waves into an electrical signal. This signal can be amplified as an analog
or maybe converted to a digital signal, which can be processed by a
computer or other digital audio device. {6}

4-Monitor: Is an application to read out hardware sensors in Macintosh

computers. Several hundred sensors in more than 70 model series are
supported. {7}

5-Printer: Is an external hardware output device that takes the

electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a
hard copy of it. {8}

6-projector: Is that projects an image onto a large surface, such as a

white screen or wall. It may be used an alternative to a monitor or
television when showing video or images to a large group of people {9}.
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Reference:
1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computi
ng_hardware
3. https://royal.pingdom.com/the-history-of-pc-
hardware-in-pictures/#
4. http://www.ucanstoreandmove.ca
5. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device
6. https://techterms.com/definition/microphone
7. https://www.bresink.com/osx/HardwareMonitor.ht
ml
8. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/printer.h
tm
9. https://techterms.com/definition/projector