GGFR Technology Overview - Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas

Public Disclosure Authorized
GGFR Technology Overview – Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas

Amazonas Station, OCP Ecuador S.A. (Photo: Wärtsilä)

losure Authorized
June 2020
Contents
1 Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................................................................4
2 Gas Processing ............................................................................................................................................................................5
Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro .................................................................................................................................................6
CleanSmart.....................................................................................................................................................................................7
EcoVapor Recovery Systems .............................................................................................................................................................8
Expansion Energy ............................................................................................................................................................................9
GTUIT .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM............................................................................................................ 11
Nacelle: Big Dog TM Flare Recovery System......................................................................................................................................... 12
Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher and NGL Distillation Systems .................................................................................................................. 13
Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies ....................................................................................................................... 14
3 Power Generation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Aggreko ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine..................................................................................................................................... 17
Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and C1000S............................................................................................ 18
GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
LPP Combustion, LLC...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Moser Energy Systems ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group.................................................................................................................................. 24
Unicorn Power and Green Recycling Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 25
Wärtsilä SG, LG and GD Flexible power plants.................................................................................................................................... 26
4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas .................................................................................................................................................. 27
Page 2
GE............................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas................................................................................................................................................ 29
Beerensgroup DMCC...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Calvert EnergyGroup/Cosmodyne .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Chart Industries ............................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Expansion Energy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Galileo ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
GE............................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Linde Cryostar - StarLiteLNGTM......................................................................................................................................................... 36
6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids ........................................................................................................................................................... 37
Calvert Energy Group/OXEON ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT ...................................................................................................................................................... 40
GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF)..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Greyrock ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Metgas Processing Technologies S.p.A --Siluria .................................................................................................................................. 43
Primus Green Energy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Page 3
1 Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The company and technology overviews included on this site
were provided to the World Bank because of the companies’ interest in the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership’s (GGFR) mission to advocate
gas-flaring reduction and because of GGFR’s interest in making information about technologies readily available to flare-out project developers.
The World Bank and GGFR do not control the information provided by the companies. You acknowledge and agree that neither the World Bank
nor GGFR is responsible or liable for: (i) the availability or accuracy of the company and technology information on this website or any linked sites
or resources; or (ii) the content, advertising, or products on or available from linked websites or resources. The inclusion of information on this
website does not imply that either the World Bank or GGFR endorses the information, technologies or companies on this website or linked sites.
While the World Bank and GGFR endeavor to keep information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind,
expressed or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, non-infringement or availability with respect to the information,
products, services, or related graphics contained in this website for any purpose. The World Bank and GGFR assume no responsibility for the
information provided through this website or of other sites linked to it. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including, without
limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever in connection with your use or reliance upon such
information or your access to, or inability to access, such information or sites. Before you act on any information found on our website, you should
independently confirm any facts that are important to your decision. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.
The Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR) is a public-private partnership that was formed in 2002 by multilateral organizations,
governments, and oil companies. It is hosted and managed by the World Bank. GGFR provides a platform to support national governments and
the petroleum industry in their efforts to reduce flaring and venting of gas associated with the extraction of crude oil.
Page 4
2 Gas Processing
Processing of associated gas for entry into a pipeline system or where further utilization (e.g. CNG, Mini-GTL) requires heavier components and/or
contaminants to be removed.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology
developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 5
Gas Processing
Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro

Company Overview
Aspen Engineering Services offers cost-technology for flare reduction, gas conditioning
and NGL recovery. The NGL Pro process integrates dehydration, compression, cooling
and conditioning, eliminating the need for costly glycol and refrigeration systems.
Hydrate formation is precluded by a heat integration system. Consequently, no
antifreeze additives are required. The NGL Pro process can be coupled with the LNG-
Pure system to co-produce LNG and NGL, and thereby eliminate flaring.
Contact: James Meyer, jmeyer@aspenesco.com

www.aspenesco.co
Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Experience to
operational O&M Business model
conditions Cost suitability date
requirements
Gas treatment and NGL Company indicated Power from grid, Company Company Sale, lease or Nine commercial
extraction size variability with on-site micro-grid, indicated very indicated license units in operation.
Please contact company for standard unit size of 3 or gas fired low suitability for
BTU variability and simulation MMSCFD generators maintenance offshore
report requirement applications
H2S tolerance for the unit is Scalable & Modular -
up to 3% 3 MMSCFD on an 8’ x
Raw gas minimum inlet 25’ skid Footprint is 8’
Independent
pressure is 20 - 75 psig x 25’ for 3
compressor skid
Separation efficiency is 80% Contact company for MMSCFD
pricing. required
Handles variable flow by
stabilizing compression
system using recycle stream
Page 6 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Gas Processing
CleanSmart
Company Overview
CleanSmart offers upstream E&P operators who are flaring gas multiple recovery opportunities
to commercialize small-to-mid-scale volumes of “flared” gas into predictable streams of
revenue that would otherwise be lost.
CleanSmart does this by packaging industrial scale membrane processes into a small-foot print
skid-mounted chassis that operates as a micro-gas plant and/or a micro-fuel station. The mobile
membrane gas recovery units (MGRUs) operate autonomously, use no moving parts and no
chemicals, nor are subject to commonly encountered hydrate formation issues.
Contacts: Salvador Castaneda sal@cleansmartsolutions.com
Additional
Technology & Operating Offshore
Size range & Cost operational O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions suitability
requirements
Membrane diffusion gas 400 Mscf/d to 8.5 Pressurized No moving Suitable for Revenue Wyoming, Encana,
recovery technology for LPG MMscf/d. Expansion storage tanks for parts, no offshore sharing, leasing Ft. Berthold, ND:
and liquid recovery possible ~ 70 MMscf/d storing LPGs, C3 chemicals. Each operation or Rental W.Africa
feedgas. and C3+ membrane
element
Modular; plug and play Please contact company Interest in global
monitored by
for cost business
onboard
sensors opportunities
Processing Gas Pressure C3, 400 Mscf/d footprint
C3+ 225 psi. Recovery 95% 10'x10'x8'
8.5 MMscf/d footprint
Processing Gas Pressure C2 Membrane
10’ x 20’ x 8’
800 psi useful life
minimum 3 yr
Can handle any turndown in
feedgas volume
No limit on H2S/CO2 content

in feedgas
Gas Processing
EcoVapor Recovery Systems

EcoVapor's Zer02 technology works in conjunction with compression
and vapor recovery systems to enable up to 100% gas capture on site.
By removing the free oxygen from the gas stream, Zer02 enables flash
gas from oil storage tanks to be sold instead of flared or combusted.
C ontact:
kylelesniak@ecovaporrs.com +1 303-330-3981
www.ecovaporrs.com
Additional
Technology & Offshore
Size range & Cost operational O&M B usiness model Experience to date
Operating conditions suitability
requirements
Oxygen removal units 100, 300, and 1200 480V 3-phase Monthly oxygen sensor Yes Sale or lease 85 units in
that remove 99.9% of Mscf/d power supply. calibration (can be operation in the
oxygen from gas carried out by oilfield USA since 2010
streams (e.g. oil Scalable by installing Usage 45 kWh operator
storage tank vapors), multiple units in parallel. for start-up, 12
enabling gas to be No technical maximum kWh during Annual catalyst
sold. size operation replacement (approx
$2,750 $4,500 and
$13,000 for the 100,
300, and 1200 sizes
Inlet pressure range: 100 Mscf/d : 4ft x 4ft respectively)
50 - 330 psi 300 Mscf/d : 4ft x 4ft
1200 Mscf/d : 6ft x 6ft
Can handle rapid Size (Mscf/d) FOB purchase US$ Monthly lease US$
variations in gas 100 75,000 3,500
flows, and water and 300 98,000 5,000
CO2 in gas stream. 1200 265,000 12,000
Removal of H2S is
required
Gas Processing
Expansion Energy
Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors.
Expansion Energy’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production.
Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansion-energy.com
David Vandor, dvandor@expansion-energy.com
Technology & operating Size range & Additional operational Offshore

O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions cost requirements suitability
Gas processing using Unit size range available: If VX Cycle LNG plant Company Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle LNG
mechanical 0.5 MMCSFD to 9 installed, power needed indicated low footprint license plants have been
refrigeration to MMCSFD of feed gas. is produced on site by maintenance allows for built and deployed
separate NGLs at -150o F the VX Cycle, using requirements. offshore over the past
and 400 psia feedstock gas. deployment. several years
Pre-treatment skid Please
removes H2 S Otherwise power contact Please contact
Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular for required from other company for company for
pressure is 50 psia all scales, and truck source more more
All pre-processing, such mounted for the smallest information information
as water and CO2 versions.
removal, are included in
the VX Cycle.
Please contact company
for component
separation efficiency
Handles rapidly varying Please contact company
gas flows for cost.
Gas Processing
GTUIT
GTUIT creates solutions for flare capture and associated gas
conditioning challenges. Their equipment and manufacturing
processes are ISO 9001:2008 compliant. GTUIT Corporate Office is
located in Billings, Montana.
Contact: George Chedsey, gchedsey@gtuit.com

Brian Cebull, bcebull@gtuit.com
Dean Cervenka, dcervenka@GTUIT.com
Additional
Technology & operating Size range & Offshore
operational O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions cost suitability
requirements
On-Site gas processing using Unit sizes available: Power from grid, GTUIT is a gas Company Sale, train, and 68 MMCFSD of
mechanical refrigeration and 250, 500, 1000, 3000 on-site micro-grid, processing indicated support processing capacity
gas compression MCSFD or gas fired partner with suitable for in North America
High BTU gas processing generators that Caterpillar Oil offshore
units for NGL recovery and Scalable & modular - uses system’s & Gas and uses applications
fuel conditioning up to 9000 MCFSD Caterpillar
produced gas
per site. dealers
H2 S treatment for Mobile - 48 hour NGL/produced worldwide Please contact 90 million gallons of
concentrations as high as deployment time for liquids storage company for NGL’s produced and
20,000 PPM trailer mounted, 5 certification sold
Raw gas minimum inlet days for skid Comprehensive Trouble
pressure ≈ 1 psig mounted service training shooting, parts,
Recovers up to 75% of the Cost USD 1000-2000 Water is removed and Please contact and Over 500,000
propane and heavier per MCFD from typical raw documentation company for remote/onsite operational hours
components configuration gas streams – provided by footprint technical
Proprietary flow control dependent requires disposal GTUIT support
equipment on-site available
Gas Processing
Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM
Since its beginnings in 1982, MTR has grown continuously as industry embraced
membranes as an effective gas separation technology. MTR now provides a full
range of gas separation solutions for petrochemical plants, refineries, and gas
processing facilities. MTR's administrative, research, and manufacturing
facilities are located in Newark, California. The company has sales offices in
Houston, Texas and Brussels, Belgium, and sales agents worldwide.
Contact: Kaaeid Lokhandwala, kaaeid.lokhandwala@mtrinc.com
Additional
requirements
Gas processing using hybrid Unit sizes available: Power from grid, Maintenance Company Sale MTR has been
combination of membrane 1, 5, 10 and 15 on-site micro-grid, required on indicated building
& chiller MMSCFD. or gas-fired feed suitability for hydrocarbon
Feed BTU Content can vary Higher flowrates can generators that use compressor. offshore recovery systems
between 1000 BTU/SCF – also be designed if system’s produced Compression applications for 20+ years for
400 BTU/SCF LHV required gas equipment is various applications.
standard More than 100 units
H2 S pretreatment required Scalable & modular. NGL/produced MTR can build
oilfield are in operation
upstream to produce sulfur- Containerized and liquids storage to required
compression worldwide. MTR
free LPG and condensate truck mounted up to offshore/FPSO
supplied complete
Feed gas pressure as low as 1 5 MMSCFD Membranes specifications
skid-mounted scope
psig need to be excluding NGL/LPG
Recovers up to 90% of C3+ Cost USD7-8 million replaced every Compact storage
hydrocarbons for 5-7 MMSCFD, 3-5 years footprints
Handles variable gas flow USD10-15 million for possible with
rates 10-15 MMSCFD hybrid
approach
Gas Processing
Nacelle: Big DogTM Flare Recovery System
Founded in 2014, Nacelle offers proprietary solutions in natural gas fueling, BTU
reduction, and NGL capture & extraction.
Contact: Chris O'Connell, chris.oconnell@nacellelogistics.com

Gov Graney, gov.graney@nacellelogistics.com
Additional
requirements
Gas processing. Unit sizes available: NGL/produced Dependent Equipment is Business model Nacelle has worked
NGL extraction based on 200 MCFD to 20 liquids storage. upon region of suitable for varies by region. for various
membrane separation MMCFD operation, offshore Please contact operators in the
Handles variable gas Depending on Nacelle offers service Nacelle for United States.
composition (wide range of equipment utilized turn-key O&M. specifics related Commercial units
BTU variability handling) for application, to client’s are in operation
Please contact Nacelle for The systems are truck additional Skilled situation since March 2016.
H2 S treatment requirement mounted, and operators
operational
Feed gas pressure varies scalable. The required.
requirements may Regular
between 50 and 1200 psi standard size is two apply.
48’ flat deck trailers scheduled
Please contact preventative
Please contact company for Cost dependent on Nacelle for maintenance.
component separation and type of service specifics related to On-stream
efficiency agreement and scope client’s situation factor above
System is able to handle of work 92%
fluctuating gas flows
Gas Processing
Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher and NGL Distillation Systems
Pioneer Energy’s Flarecatcher extracts NGLs from associated gas at the well site, using its
Deep RefrigerationTM technology. The company is a Lakewood, Colorado-based service
provider and original equipment manufacturer.
Contact: Joseph Palaia, jpalaia@pioneerenergy.com
Additional
requirements
Flarecatcher – Gas Unit sizes available: External electrical Basic mechanic System can be Sale. Pioneer Energy hsd
processing plant using 1,000 – 10,000 input – can be or technician barge or boat Remote control, completed 21
mechanical refrigeration to MSCFD generated by level staff is mounted to O&M training is installations since
chill to -65 oC natural gas required for service off- available for 2014 in Colorado an
NGL fractionation system – For large projects a generator run off operations and shore international N. Dakota with
modular fractionation cold box is used to residue gas or dry maintenance application clients temperature
systems to separate pre-treat the gas gas from the variations between -
produced NGLs into LPG and enabling 100+ Flarecatcher 40 oC and +40 oC.
condensate MMSCFD
Provide H2 S removal when Units available in
concentration above 20 ppm skid-mounted
Gas accepted at any configuration and can NGL/produced In certain Value added Our large
pressure; Processing operate in parallel liquid can be countries a services: Custom manufacturing
pressure 150 psig stored in propane complete engineering, on- facility enables us to
Separation efficiency >70% Cost varies since tanks, typically turnkey service site installation, build units totaling
for propane; >95% for C4+ every project is 18,000 gallon is available training, remote over 100 MMSCFD
Remotely monitored and different. Interested bullet tanks rated though our monitoring and capacity per year
operated via cellular or parties should 250 psi local operation
satellite network contact provider representative
Gas Processing
Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies
Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd. offers facility power solutions and services, with presence
across India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio of standby power solutions and
facility services comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power
systems, facility management, power quality and energy management solutions.
Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com

Additional
requirements
Cold-plasma gas scrubber 200 and 500 kW units Please Company Offshore Sale New technology.
conversion of associated gas (ca. 60-150 m3/h raw contact indicated that suitable Pending
into syngas, which can be used methane) company for O&M is depending on installations at
for power generation or fuel additional comparable to power/gas several
production operational a diesel receiver international and
Please contact company for requirements generator. availability domestic gas well
tolerance to BTU variability sites
H2 S tolerance up to 200 ppm Scalable & modular – Please contact Please contact
multiple of 200 and 500 company for company for
Minimum gas intake pressure O&M
0.4 psi kW units certification
Handles flow variability (<50% Cost USD2.5 million/MW Please contact

change in 15 minutes) for gas scrubber and company for
generation set; footprint
USD0.8 million/MW for
gas scrubber alone
Power Generation
3 Power Generation
Technologies suitable to generate electricity from associated gas.

Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business
model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Power Generation
Aggreko
With 10 GW of global generation capacity and operations in more than 100 countries, Aggreko is
the world's leading supplier of mobile, modular power generation, temperature control, energy
storage and hybrid projects incl. renewables. Aggreko supports a diverse range of customers
including supplying large-scale, supplementary generation capacity to state utilities, powering off-
grid mines, oil & gas facilities, and a wide array of heavy industries.
Aggreko have developed a fully integrated, mobile generation system running on APG or any
alternative gas, to exploit gas reserves of any size where the construction of permanent
infrastructure is economically unattractive, in particular due to volume changes in time. Much
needed electricity is produced through previously wasted fuel and customers avoid excess carbon
and air pollutant emissions as well as possible financial penalties imposed on flaring.
Contact: AggrekoFlareToPower@aggreko.com
Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore
operational O&M B usiness model Experience to date
conditions C ost suitability
requirements
Power generation using gas Aggreko operates a fleet Each project has Aggreko Extensive Simple rental Flare gas-to-power
reciprocating engines. Co- of generators ranging bespoke manages all power available. sites have been
g eneration can be added. from 36kW to 10MW. requirements, O&M generation Turnkey service successfully
Gas volume requirements 9.5 Mcf which are activities, as experience in provision model operating since
(270 m3 )/ MW. managed and built part of its offshore with all project 2008. Aggreko
Handles standard inlet gas Scalable, modular. Truck into the project fully environments. elements currently generates
pressure ranges 5-6 bar; and up mounted optional. Typical integrated, Aggreko’s managed by ~500 MW at sites in
design. Aggreko
to 190 bar with gas pressure 1 MW gensets are end-to-end APG Aggreko. Africa, the Americas,
provides the
reduction and scrubbing containerized in 20 ft turnkey references Minimizes capital Asia and Europe.
design, solution. All are mostly on- outlay and offers The company’s APG
equipment. containers. engineering,
Technology covers a range of gas maintenance shore, with complete portfolio continues
commissioning of & refurbs are the first flexibility & to grow thanks to a
specs.
the projects and performed reference for scalability. combination of
H2 S content up to 10 ppm and Pricing is dependent on
more under certain conditions. each specific project. can operate them by Aggreko. off-shore in Contact Aggreko positive economic
upon need. the North Sea. for BOT and environmental
Multi-fueling available (gas and Contact Aggreko for
propane). details. opportunities. impact.
Power Generation
APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine
APR Energy became an independent company in March 2004, when
co-founders John Campion and Laurence Anderson bought the
ALSTOM Power Rentals division from ALSTOM Power. They
continued to operate with a licensing agreement under the ALSTOM
brand until June 2008, when it was rebranded as APR Energy. In June
2011, Horizon Acquisition Company acquired APR Energy, and in
September 2011 re-listed it on the London Stock Exchange. APR
Energy headquarter is in Jacksonville, Florida.
Contact: Eric Toumayan, eric.toumayan@aprenergy.com
Additional
Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to
conditions cost suitability date
requirements
Turnkey power generation TM2500+ ISO rating The turbine fleet is APR provides APR standard APR typically APR has a fleet of
solutions using gas turbines is 26-30MW (will designed for rapid comprehensive turbine structures its in excess of
Please contact APR Energy increase to 30 – deployment and operation and products are deals as Power 2000MW and has
for gas-pressure/volume 35MW in 2017) reliable ongoing maintenance not configured Purchase completed over
requirements and operation in any services, plus for offshore Agreements, but 3GW over 30
customized performance environment supply of all service. for longer term countries. Please
data necessary spare Customized contracts BOOT contact APR
Please contact APR Energy Turbine solutions are parts and options are options are Energy for further
for sensitivity to gas scalable and consumables available. available. IPP details
composition and flow rate modular, ranging for the turbines Please contact solutions
from 20 to 500 MW and balance of APR Energy for inclusive of fuel
Multi-fuel configurations Please contact APR plant further details supply also
(diesel, gas, LPG, naphtha) Energy for cost possible. Please
contact APR
Energy for
further details
Power Generation
Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and
C1000S
Capstone is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Combined Heat and Power
Partnership, which is committed to improving the efficiency of the nation’s energy infrastructure
and reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. A UL-Certified ISO 9001:2008 and
ISO 14001:2004 company, Capstone is headquartered in the Los Angeles area with sales and/or
service centers in the United States, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, China and Singapore.
Contact: Augusto Farro, afarro@capstoneturbine.com
Additional
requirements
Micro-turbine power Unit sizes available: Beside gas flare, air Includes the Available Sale through Several units
generation 30, 65, 200, 600, 800, and fuel free of first 8,000 configuration international C30s, C65, C800s
Gas volume requirement: 10 1000 kW liquids and filtered hours and then suitable for distributors’ C1000s operating
Mcf/day for 30 kW; 20 for particulates are the 40,000 offshore. network. Lease on wet flare gas in
Mcf/day for 65 kW; 54 required for off- hours and financing Germany, the U.S.
Mcf/day for 200 kW overhauls. Compliant for options also (Wyoming,
grid application.
Gas inlet pressure is 55-60 Units are scalable Air and fuel explosive available California) and
psig for C3 model, 75-80 psig and modular. Can be filters change environments Russia. The units
for C65 to C1000 models put in parallel. All (site (ATEX in Russia operate
Handles variable gas models can be skid or dependent). Directive on flare gas
composition (up to 70% CO2 , trailer mounted, or 94/9/EC) containing up to
22% N2 , 30,000 ppm H2 S) and containerized No lubricants of 3.5 % H2 S
flow refrigerant
Pre-processing is not Cost USD1,000 - required
expected to be required 1,700/kW depending
Multi-fueling is possible on model,
using diesel, propane and configuration and
kerosene options
Power Generation
GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher
For more than 80 years, GE has been recognized as a manufacturer in the development and
production of gas engines for the efficient generation of power and heat. Essential
components necessary for reliable engine operation – such as spark plugs, gas mixer, and
engine controls – are developed directly in Jenbach and Waukesha. This allows GE to control
the development and construction, system integration, and testing of the complete units.
Contact: Larissa Shaaked, larissa.shaaked@ge.com
Additional
requirements
Power generation using Unit size range for Please contact O&M is carried Waukesha Sale through ~30 years of
reciprocating gas engines. Waukesha engines: company for out by engines are authorized experience in
Depend on engine type, 200KW – 3.7MW; additional authorized suitable for distributors & remote areas.
application – island, standby or Jenbacher engines: operational distributors and offshore service providers
continuous and power rating 250KW – 9.5MW requirements service 3 applications
Gas inlet pressure is 60 – 115 Units are scalable, providers. Please contact using associated
psi. Allowable gas pressure modular and company for gas supply in
variation: ±10% containerized. Please contact certification middle East
Handles variable gas company for
composition and flow but not Practical size: 200KW – detailed O&M
below engine nominal 2.5MW
threshold
Gas pre-processing provided by Please contact Please contact
company but can be company for cost company for
outsourced depending on footprint
application
Multi-fueling possible with
some units
Power Generation
LPP Combustion, LLC
LPP Combustion, LLC (LPP), a Maryland, USA-based company, has
developed a technology for lean, pre-mixed, pre-vaporized combustion of
liquid fuels, allowing these fuels to burn cleanly in natural gas-fired power
turbines and other combustion devices.
Contact: Leo Eskin, eskinl@lppcombustion.com

Chris Broemmelsiek, broemmelsiekc@lppcombustion.com
Arthur Schatz, schatza@lppcombustion.com
Additional
requirements
Fuel preparation skid for Unit size range from Oil and gas Company Sale, lease A mobile 30 kW
-
making flare gas usable in 30 kW to 300 MW plant indicated commercial unit
turbines or engines technician can suitability for running on flare
Gas volume requirement of Genset can be learn to offshore gas.
186 – 280 Mcf/day/MW for supplied upon request operate the Currently
simple-cycle turbines skid installing a 65 kW
skid in Canada to
Compresses the fuel to Skids are inherently Please contact operate on
turbine inlet pressure modular in design, and company for vaporized waste
Handles variable gas containerized and Annual certification petroleum
composition and flow truck mounted up to maintenance products
30 MW outage of few
Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD1200/kW for days is Please contact
required systems under 200 kW anticipated company for
Multi-fueling simultaneously and USD150 – 300/kW footprint
and by rapid switching for multi-MW
Power Generation
MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC

Company Overview
Mesa is a leading power solutions company specializing in the manufacturing,
sales, leasing and operations of natural gas and liquid propane-powered
mobile and stationary generator sets. Mesa’s best-in-class power solutions
enable customers to reduce their energy costs and capital expenditures as
well as increase reliability and operational up-time, all while lowering
emissions and decreasing carbon footprint.
Contact: Zachary Soukup zach.soukup@mesangs.com
Trey Lawson trey.lawson@mesangs.com
Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Business
operational O&M Experience to date
conditions Cost suitability model
requirements
Power generation Relocatable units: 70 – 350 None Minor Not currently Sale, lease or 450 MW powergen
kW, 480V quarterly/semi- suitable for joint venture fleet
Gas inlet pressure : 6 – 90 Stationary standby units: annual offshore
psi. 300 – 400 kW 480V maintenance. operation More than 20 million
Standard prime units: 70 runtime hours using
kW – 350 kW 480V Operation and associated gas and/or
Handles variable gas Units come in an enclosed, maintenance non-commercial
composition and flow with weatherized trailer or skid. can be carried gaseous fuels
automatic air/fuel Up to 32 sets can be run in out by trained
management parallel oil company 32 MW of commercial
personnel. & industrial microgrids
No processing needed for Power conversion MESA offers a installed since 2018
< 100 ppm H2S efficiency: 0.25 mcf/day 4-week training
per kW of average load program
Automatic fuel switching Please contact company

to secondary source. for cost data
Acceptable fuels: AG,
propane, CNG, LPG (800 –
2500+ BTU/scf
Power Generation
Moser Energy Systems

Moser Energy Systems was founded in 1973 by Jim and Kathy Moser. Moser
Energy Systems began manufacturing associated gas-powered generators in
2009, changing the way oil and gas operators make use of unwanted associated
gas from oil wells, a resource often burned off (flared). Moser Energy Systems is
headquartered in Wyoming, USA.
Contact: Mark Bohon, mark@moseres.com

Pascal Boudreau, pascal@moseres.com
Additional
requirements
Power generation using Unit size available: Minimize liquids in Monthly oil In progress Sale, rental or Moser fleet has
natural gas generator 70, 125, 170, 225, wellhead gas changes, joint venture over 10 million
Gas volume requirement of 350, 1000 kW quarterly valve run-hours using
10 -250 Mcfd depending on adjustments, associated gas
unit size semi-annual
Gas inlet pressure range Units are enclosed on sparkplug
5 – 50 psi trailer or skid. replacement
Variable inlet gas flows and Paralleling capable up Insulating above
heat content (800-1800 Btu) to 32 units ground gas lines, if
Minimal to no gas processing Contact company for operations are in
(up to 200 ppm H2 S). cost cold climates
Generators include scrubber
with auto-pump to empty
accumulated liquids
Multi-fueling using natural
gas and propane
Power Generation
OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine
OPRA Turbines is a developer and manufacturer of advanced radial gas turbines and gas
turbine powered generator sets in the 2MW power range. The OP16 gas turbine benefits
from a simple and flexible design providing robustness, reliability, and low emissions for a
variety of applications within the oil & gas industry in the 1 – 10 MW power range. OPRA
Turbines was founded in 1991. Turbine package engineering, manufacturing, R&D, testing,
and service activities are located in Hengelo, The Netherlands.
Contact: Anshuman Pandey , apa@opra.nl ; +31 6 211 540 93

sales@opra.nl
Additional
requirements
Power generation using Turbines typically 1 inspection Turbine has Sale, rental, 28 turbines in
Auxiliary power
radial gas turbines scaled to 1 – 10 MW per year and DNV - API 616 BOO, BOOT offshore and
for black start
Gas volume requirement of overhaul at type approval onshore oil and
332 Mcfd /MW and a LHV 42,500 hours for offshore gas fields in
range 5-120 MJ/kg applications Russia, North Sea
and Brazil
Gas inlet pressure > 145 psi Turbines are scalable,
modular and
Handles variable gas containerized - 20 ft. Virtually zero 20-ft container Over 1 million
composition and low heating configuration lube oil footprint operating hours
values consumption using associated
Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD900-1000/kW gas
required (H2 S limit ≤4% vol)
Multi-fueling by rapid
switching
Power Generation
Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group
Turboden, part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries group since 2013, is involved in the
development and production of ORC turbogenerators, which harness heat to generate
electric and thermal energy, and provide energy efficiency solutions for the oil & gas
sector by recovering heat from exhaust gases. Founded in 1980 as spin-off of
Politecnico of Milan, Turboden has installed more than 330 plants worldwide
accounting for 8 million operating hours and 11,000 GWh of global electrical
production.
Contact: Marco Baresi, Marco.Baresi@turboden.it
Additional
Technology & operating Practical size & Offshore Experience to
requirements
Power generation ORC unit sizes of 200 Cooling 1 standard The ORC unit Sale, Lease A commercial
ORC system uses a thermal kW to 20 MW water maintenance of can be (through plant (1.8 MW) is
boiler fed by flare gas to required in a week/year containerized partnership with operating on flare
vaporize an organic fluid used to case of CHP and no in containers MHI) gas in Osa-Perm,
generate electricity in a Rankine mode overhaul or shelters Russia since
cycle suitable for January 2015
Gas volume requirement 1.5 – offshore
20 MMcf/day (respectively 1 – service
20 MW ORC unit)
Gas inlet minimum pressure > Turbines are scalable,
1.5 psi modular and
Handles variable gas fuel containerized. The footprint
composition and flow Truck mounted up to will depend on
300 kW the ORC unit
Pre-processing of gas is not Cost USD4000-4500/kW size. The
expected to be required for 300-600 kW; smallest is a
Multi-fueling simultaneously by USD2800-3300/kW for 300 kW system
mixing flare gas with natural gas 1–5 MW; USD1700- which fits in a
and other fuels (e.g. Diesel) 2200/kW for >5 MW 40’ container
Power Generation
Unicorn Power and Green Recycling Technologies
Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd offers facility power solutions and services, with presence across
India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio consists of standby power solutions and
facility services and comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power systems,
facility management and power quality & energy management solutions. Unicorn’s alliances in
respective product segments enable Unicorn to offer products and solutions backed with round the
clock, on-site services.
Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com
Additional
requirements
Power generation using gas Unit size range is 200 - Please contact Company Company Sale Well-site testing
turbines 500 kW. company for indicated that indicated scheduled
Company indicated electric (gas requirement 63 – additional O&M is suitability for 1Q2017. Plans for
efficiency 30-35%. 296 Mscft/day) operational comparable to offshore installations at
Minimum gas intake Turbines are scalable, requirements a diesel Please contact several
pressure 0.4 psi modular (up to 20 x generator. company for international and
500 kW) and certification domestic gas well
For gas composition
containerized (40 ft Please contact sites.
variation, please contact company for
company. container per 500KW
unit) detailed O&M
Gas pre-processing not Cost USD2.5 Footprint is 40
required for H2 S conc. < 200 million/MW ft container for
ppm. 500 kW
Multi-fueling performed
simultaneously using diesel
or gasoline
Power Generation
Wärtsilä SG, LG and GD Flexible power plants

Wärtsilä is over 180 years old and provides advanced technologies and lifecycle
solutions for the marine and energy markets. The company has operations in over
200 locations in more than 70 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is listed on
Nasdaq Helsinki. GD, SG and LG power plants were developed to provide a broad
range of solutions suitable for demanding applications in the oil and gas industry
and fluctuating fuel supply both in term of composition or flowrate.
Contact: Thomas Bourliere, Thomas.bourliere@wartsila.com
4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas
Small-scale CNG technologies used to compress (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to
markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, CNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants and industrial
and domestic gas users, or for use as a fuel for cars and (small) trucks.
A CNG system requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2 and H2 S. To meet gas specification, removal of
N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
CNG has a lower energy density than LNG, but the lower capital cost of CNG can make it an attractive option especially for small (<~ 5 MMscf/d)
gas volumes. For larger gas volumes and/or distances to market, however, the large number of trucks needed to transport the gas can make it
economically and/or operationally unattractive.
Page 27
CNG
GE
GE’s second-generation, optimized CNG In A Box technology is a modular ‘plug and play’
system that enables the rapid establishment of CNG fueling stations to keep pace with
demand. This scalable solution helps expand fueling networks by removing the financial
risk that has previously limited market development, enabling more CNG station
entrepreneurs to build their own stations.
Contact: www.bhge.com/supplier-center
GE – Additional
Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to
Technology & operating operational O&M
cost transportation suitability model date
conditions requirements
CNG In A BoxTM Unit size ranges Power Requires Storage Not currently Sale Over 70 CNG
system/custom CNG from 0.2-2.6 generation operator with requirements certified for In A Box
packages MMscfd, scalable requirements reciprocating depend on offshore. systems in
up to 20× for (400 kW for a equipment desired fueling operation
custom CNG 400 hp CNG In experience. speed. Please contact
packages A Box system) company for
Suction pressures >= 30 ‘CNG In a Box’ supplied by Please Please contact more
psi. system is modular company for information
company. contact
Feedgas must be and transportable more
company for information
treated to remove H 2 S. by a single truck.
Requires O&M
Pre-processing is Custom CNG
packages may dispensers to requirements
dependent on gas
specification and can be require as many load the CNG
provided by GE as four per into vehicles (if
package required)
Handles rapidly varying Cost is USD500k
gas flows for a 400 hp CNG
In a Box system
5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas
Small-scale LNG technologies used to liquefy (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to
markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, small-scale LNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants,
industrial and domestic gas users, and/or for use as a fuel for cars and trucks. LNG has a higher energy density than CNG, making it a more attractive
option for transporting larger (>~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes and/or distances to market. Its higher capital cost, however, can make it economically
unattractive for small gas volumes.
LNG liquefaction requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2 , H2 S and mercury. To meet gas specification,
removal of N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
LNG is used in many parts of the world to supply gas (following re-gasification) to power plants and industrial/domestic gas users. It is also being
increasingly used in liquid form as a fuel for large trucks.
Page 29
Mini-LNG
Beerensgroup DMCC
Company Overview
Beerensgroup offers small scale LNG liquefaction plants in a range of sizes. We also offer
LNG ISOTANKS, each holding 950 MMbtu of gas that can be used for both storage
and transport.
Contact Thomas Miller, email@beerensgas.com

UAE: +971 56 797 4500 EU +47 92 329 329
www.beerensgas.com; www.beerenstank.comT
Technology & Operating Size range & Additional O&M Offshore Business Experience to
conditions cost operational suitability model date
requirements suitability
Small Scale liquefaction plants, Liquefaction Onsite storage required. Beerensgroup are Small-scale Liquefaction First company in the
transport and storage of LNG. plants from 15 Beerensgroup offers Building and LNG plants plants are offered on world shipping LNG to
Satellite stations, storage tanks, tonnes/d LNG storage units from operating Small Scale (scalable 15 either an EPC or BOT China in Isotanks from
vaporizers, cryogenic pumps, (780 MMbtu) 40 m3 to 4000 m3 LNG plants. If client tons/d units) basis ISOTANKS are 2 European terminals.
fuelling stations, dispensers and to 230 tonnes/d capacities. prefer to operate have a small leased out for a
modular liquefaction plants. (11,960 MMbtu) Beerensgroup will do footprint and minimum period of 3 1 of 2 companies
LNG ISOTANKS holding 18 ton the training with the are suitable years. distributing LNG in
from 8 – 10 bars. Holding time up Plants are customers operators. for offshore road tankers/isotanks
to 110 days with no boil off. modular and (15 tons/d) require operations. Beerensgroup offers a in India for state oil
scalable. minimal training; full door to door and gas companies.
larger plants require supply chain delivering
more intensive LNG in ISOTANKS
Liquefaction plants can handle For transport of The liquefaction plants training. Our isotanks are in use
rapid variations in gas flowrate LNG, 40 ft T-75 require power from: 500 in UK, Netherlands,
and composition. ISOTANKS. kW for 15 tons/d up to Training is provided Belgium, India and
4MW for 230 tons/d. by Beerensgroup. China.
Each tank holds
Liquefaction plants are custom 950 MMbtu or 18 Beerengroup build and Maintenance Our Concept? A Liquefaction plants in
built, and the design addresses ton at 8 bars for operate LNG fuelled programs are containerized 0.5-2 Operations in a
any plant inlet pressure and gas up to 110 days (500 kW to 2 MW) provided by MW power plant number of countries
feedstock composition. with no boil off. generators. Beerensgroup based on LNG or Liquid Including Indonesia
Boil off gas treatment plants H2 to supply China and India
electricity.
Mini-LNG
Calvert EnergyGroup/Cosmodyne
Since 2015, Calvert Energy Group has been appointed as Cosmodyne's exclusive
alliance partner for market and project development for Mexico, Africa and Middle
East to develop Nitrogen & Oxygen LNG plants, Air Separation Plants, Nitrogen Gas
Generators and Re-Gasification Plants. LNG plants range from 5,000 t/d to 850,000
t/d
The Calvert Energy Group also offers small-scale GTL plants using OXEON
technology (see separate mini-GTL summary)
Contacts: Tino Ceniti, tcc@calvertenergy.eu, Tel: +32 477981063
Br yan Smith Tel +1 828 275 5090

Technology & Operating Additional operational O ffshore
Size range & Cost O &M Business model Regasification
c onditions r equirements suitability
Small-scale modular LNG Model Mt/d MMscf/d Plants require water (for Can be Suitable for Sale, lease, Combustion,
liquefaction plants Linex -5 8 0.4 start-up; no additional operated offshore Build, own and operate, Ambient and Shell &
Linex -25 42 2.1
Refrigerant options: Linex -60 100 5
water required during by application. Build, own, operate and tube options for
Nitrogen expansion, Linex -100 170 8.4 operation) and power operators Footprint: transfer regasification
Methane, Mixed Linex -250 425 20.9 supply. with basic 10m x 22m Calvert Energy Group Capex: ~ $ 0.34mln
refrigerant, Closed cycle. Linex -350 595 29.3 The necessary power rotating for 100 designs and manufacturers per MMScf/d
Linex -500 850 41.9
generation units can be equipment mtd plant all systems in Europe. capacity
Options for regasification, supplied by Calvert Energy experience Financing can also be Requires supply of
storage and transport Group with the GTL plant provided. electricity and water
Inlet pressure : 45 to 65.5 Modular and scalable. Calvert can provide the gas
bar Each module is 12m x pre-treatment equipment Experience to date Transport
18m
Pre-treatment of the EPC cost approx. 1.2 6 liquefaction plants in Truck mounted ISO
feedgas required to meet US$ mln for a 1 operation in USA, Mexico containers for
inlet specifications of: MMscf/d plant and Nigeria onshore transport;
CO2<50 ppm, H2S, OPEX: Approx 4.5% of Barges for offshore
Mercaptans & Water< 500 capex transport with 3000
ppm, Oxygen< 10 ppm, to 15,000 m3
Mercury< 10 ng/m3 capacity
Plants can handle +/- 25%
Storage
variation in gas supply
volume ISO and prismatic
containers, and
barge storage
Mini-LNG
Chart Industries
Chart is involved in the design and manufacture of cryogenic equipment used from
the beginning to the end in the liquid gas supply chain. For more than 40 years Chart
has worked on the development and use of LNG and supplies equipment and
solutions across the complete LNG value chain – liquefaction, storage, distribution,
and end-use.
Contact: George Arnett, George.Arnett@chartindustries.com

Paul Shields, Paul.Shields@chartindustries.com
Chart – Additional
Size range & Storage/ Offshore Experience
Technology & operating operational O&M Business model
cost transportation suitability to date
Small-scale LNG Unit sizes available: Power Chart can Systems are Company Multiple
liquefaction 4.0(0.03), 8.1(0.06), requirement provide compatible with indicated plants
Nitrogen expansion, 12.2(0.08), 16.2 (0.11), varies. Please training Chart designed suitability operating in
closed loop. 20.3 (0.14), 36.5(0.25), contact programs to and built for offshore North
Mixed refrigerant Joule 40.5(0.28), 71.4(0.50) company the storage or third- applications America and
Thompson, closed loop and 142.8(1) MMCSFD operators party storage by other
(MTPA) optimizing regions
Gas inlet pressure range Scalable/modular footprint.
is 450 - 950 psig units in any
Chart can design and size/configuration All plants Maintenance Please contact Please
provide gas pre- from available units require is generally company for contact
processing solutions as instrument air, routine and transportation company for
required for cryogenic mostly more
refrigerant
liquefaction associated information
supply and
Can handle changing gas Please contact other standard with rotating
flows. Capable of company for cost equipment
utilities
turndown to 50% of in the plant
design capacity
Mini-LNG
Expansion Energy
Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for
the energy, environmental and industrial sectors. The company’s technologies stem largely from the
science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production.
Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansion-energy.com

David Vandor, dvandor@expansion-energy.com
Expansion Energy – Additional

Mini-LNG liquefaction Unit sizes range from All required Company VX Cycle is Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle
using patented 0.35 to 42 MMCSFD power is indicated low flexible footprint license LNG plants
methane expansion (2,500 – 300,000 produced on maintenance regarding allows for have been
cycle: the “VXTM Cycle”. MTPA) site by the VX requirements. storage offshore built and
Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular Cycle using pressure, LNG deployment. deployed over
pressure is 50 psia. for all scales, and the feedstock Please contact temperature the past
Booster compressor can truck mounted for the gas company for and storage Please contact several years
be added if gas pressure smallest versions. more container company for
is lower Standard sizes are information configurations. more
All pre-processing, such 6,000 and 100,000 information
as water and CO2 GPD of production. VX Cycle
removal, are included in The 100,000 GPD produces a
the VX Cycle, and pre- plant requires about 9 “sub-cooled”
treatment skid removes MMSCFD of feed gas LNG product,
H2 S which minimizes
Handles rapidly varying Please contact LNG boil-off
gas flows company for cost
Mini-LNG
Galileo
Company Overview
Cryobox® has an adjustable production capacity of up to 9013 gpd (gallons per day). The high-
pressure, thermodynamic cycle of the Cryobox converts natural gas to the liquid state as
temperatures are reduced to less than -225 °F. This multi-stage compression process includes a “boil-
off” recovery system which eliminates all gas-venting usually associated with LNG storage and
loading facilities. This process avoids gas waste while complying with all safety and ecologic
regulations.
Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi, glorenzi@galileoar.com

Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Storage/ Offshore B usiness Experience
operational O&M
conditions C ost Transportation suitability model to date
requirements
Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit size is 0.7 MMscfd 437 kW power Provides full Vertical / Technology is Sale, leasing 5 years
Joule Thomson plus a which produces 5000 supply (Galileo training for Horizontal suitable for or producing
closed loop single tpa of LNG. also provide customer storage tanks offshore liquefaction LNG, with
refrigerant Full boil-off recovery Gas driven technicians and 300 m3 capacity applications, services - equipment
(propane) system. Units 24x7 technical configured as customer in Argentina,
when power support. a Cryobarge. provides the USA,
Gas inlet pressure 160 Scalable & modular. gas, Galileo Australia,
psi. Each unit fits in the supply is not
Please operates and and
Treatment system (ZPTS) size of a 40 feet available), Preventive 40’ contact charges a Colombia.
can be provided to clean seacontainer, which compressed air maintenance Isocontainers for company for fixed fee per
non-desirable facilitates its delivery and internet (1hr duration) distribution (17 more MMbtu 40 systems
components such as N2, on a single trailer. connection recommended metric tonnes of information. liquefied installed
H2O, Mercaptans, Start up in 5 mins, full each 2,000 LNG each) and
Mercury etc, and production in 10 mins. operating Vertical / International
reducing the CO2 to the Easily relocatable. hours Horizontal opportunities
required <50 ppm storage tanks sought
Units can be 300 m3 capacity
remotely
operated
Can adapt to changing Liquefaction plant Opex ~ 1 US$
gas composition by (including treatment) per MMbtu
modifying treatment. FOB cost 600 US$/tpa.
Mini-LNG
GE
From design to engineering and manufacturing, GE offers skid-mounted small-
scale solutions to provide a cleaner, abundant fuel source. Available with four
distinct refrigeration cycles, the plant’s design and equipment selection can be
customized to meet your production requirements. GE’s fully-modular design
applies standardized components and a simplified, proprietary plant control
system to reduce plant commissioning time, maintenance needs and installation
costs, while enhancing plant operability and efficiency. Designed for a variety of
remote power, utility, and transportation applications, this fully integrated, plug-
and-play natural gas liquefaction plant can produce between 25k and 1,200k
gallons of LNG per day.
Contact: Chris Maslak, chris.maslak@ge.com
Larissa Shaaked, larissa.shaaked@ge.com
GE – Additional
Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit sizes range Power Please Company Footprint is Sale, lease Two applications
Nitrogen expansion, from 0.25 - generation contact indicated dependent on using stranded
methane open loop, 1.2MM GPD requirements company for additional volume of or associated gas
pre-cooled mixed supplied by O&M requirement of flaring but can supply – ~10
refrigerant (MR and company requirements logistics of moving be modularized years of
single-cycle MR) gas to final suitable for experience in
destination and offshore. remote areas
GE also provides pre- Transportable and
storage.
treatment to handle off- capable to be
specification gas truck mounted Please contact
Please contact company for
Pre-processing of gas
company for more more
can be outsourced
information information
depending on
application
Solutions are available Please contact
to handle fluctuation in company for cost
gas supply
Mini-LNG
Linde Cryostar - StarLiteLNG TM
Cryostar is an engineering and manufacturing company created in 1966. It is headquartered in France
with offices world-wide. Cryostar and Linde merged in 2006. Based on its experience with the boil-off
gas re-liquefaction system onboard LNG carriers, Cryostar offers a range of small-scale LNG or LBG
plants for on-shore natural gas or biogas liquefaction application.
Contact: cryostarcustomerservice@cryostar.com
Linde Cryostar – Additional

Technology & operational O&M
operating conditions requirements
Mini-LNG Typical unit sizes are Power (1.5-6 MW Preventative Please contact Yes – the design Sale Technology is
Closed cycle, 28, 50, 88, 125, 200 depending on maintenance is 2 company for is used on used on-board
nitrogen expansion tpd of LNG unit). days per year and storage and methane tankers tankers to re-
technology. Gas is 14 days every transportation to re-liquefy the liquefy the
liquefied by a Requires 35,000 hours. details boil-off gas boil-off gas
nitrogen instrument air, (18 tankers
refrigeration cycle cryogenic quality High level of since 2007)
driven by a nitrogen and automation
combination of water. provided for
compressors and start/stop/
expander operation and
Minimum gas inlet Modular in skids for turndown to be
pressure is 73 psi easy installation on used by non-
Pretreatment site. 5 standard sizes expert personnel Compliant with
required with CO2 to cover a range from PED 97/23/ EC
content <= 50ppm, 20 to 200 tpd, EN, BS, NFPA
H2 O content< 1ppm scalable by adding ASME, AS1200
and H2 S<=4ppm units in parallel API, IEC, ANSI
Handles gas flow rate Please contact ASTM NEC,
variation with company for cost NEMA ATEX,
operation possible IECEx.
from 25% to 100%
6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids
Advances in modular GTL technologies have recently enabled small-scale GTL plants (~/>10MMscfd of gas), highly flexible mini-GTL units
(~/>1MMscfd of gas) and even remotely controlled micro-GTL “machines” (~/<1MMscfd of gas), to be operationally and economically feasible.
Commercial offers are available from a number of technology providers and the first few plants are being built. For the latest update, please see
the latest Mini-GTL Bulletin Volume 5, issued in July of 2018.
The final GTL product may be syncrude, which can be injected into an oil pipeline, thereby avoiding the need to transport another product to
market, or higher-value fuels or chemical feedstocks such as gasoline, diesel, naphtha, methanol or di-methyl ether (DME).
Conversion of (associated) gas to a liquid significantly increases the gas’ value and its ease of transport, but the chemical conversion process is
obviously more expensive compared to other direct gas utilization options such as CNG or mini-LNG. However, it is the TOTAL cost from flare gas
intake through processing and distribution to final use that determines the overall financial return.
Most of the conversion technologies require no pre-processing of the gas other than to remove contaminants. In many cases, separation of higher
hydrocarbons (LPG and condensate) creates valuable income streams in addition to the GTL product revenue.
The individual company overviews include basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment,
the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 37
Mini-GTL
Calvert Energy Group/OXEON
Company Overview
The Calvert Energy Group offers modular GTL plants ranging in size from 0.2 MMscf/d to 100
MMscf/d.
The OEXON technology is under exclusive license between Calvert Energy and OXEON.
C ontacts:
C ommercial: Tino Ceniti, tcc@calvertenergy.eu, Tel: +32 477981063
Technical: Bryan Smith, hbs@calvertenergy.eu, Tel: +1 828 275 5090
Additional
Technology & Operating Offshore Business Experience to
Size range & Cost operational O&M
conditions suitability model date
requirements
This is a fully patented 0.2 MMscf/d (20 b/d) to 100 100 m3/d Catalyst life Suitable for Sale or lease, Syngas plants in
technology for our Reformer MMscf/d (10,000 b/d). water required three offshore BOO with gas operation in
and FT Reactor valid until Standardized plant size 50 bbl/day for start-up; no years. application: purchase. Peru/Japan/China
2024. Plants are built in the and 100 bbl/day. additional Plants Barge, Financing of the and USA. Largest
USA, Modular, Scalable, Products: Diesel, Naptha, Jet fuel water required designed Platform or plant can also be single feedgas
Mobile (no wax) during for remote Ship provided. volume to date 5
operation. operation. mounted MMscfd.
Plasma reformer no catalyst, Skid mounted units Plants require OPEX Small pilot GtL
autothermal (produces steam 100 b/d plant footprint 3x4x4 m power supply: 4 ~$0.03/liter 15Mscfd) plant in
in the reformer) kW/bbl of operation since
product. Can be produced 2011
Minimum inlet pressure: 50 Approximate Capex $47k - supplied with fuel
psi $52k/bbl based upon 'best case' the GtL plant
>1% H2S requires removal. senerio. For a complete offer,
Removasl eqpt can be please contact Bryan Smith
provided with the GtL plant
Mini-GTL
CompactGTL
CompactGTL was an early leader in the development of small scale GTL technologies. In
collaboration with Petrobras, their modular innovative GLT-FT technology was demonstrated
in a large pilot plant in Brazil. They then focused on building their first commercial plant in
Kazakhstan using 25MMscfd of associated gas to make clean diesel and other products. Global
political and economic developments stopped the commercial process. Today, 2 projects are
in the feasibility and pre-FEED stage.
Contact: Edmund Buckley at edmund.buckley@compactgtl.com; +44 020 3645

0536
Technology & CompactGTL – Additional

operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model Experience to date
conditions cost requirements
Small scale GTL Unit sizes available Plant can be Company provides Company indicated Build/own/operate First commercial-
via a patented from 1,500 to 15,000 designed on a operator training suitability for Sale scale plant in
two-stage barrels of synthetic completely stand- offshore Kazakhstan
Fischer-Tropsch crude/diesel per day; alone basis applications (2500bpd) on hold.
process required gas supply commercial
15 – 150 MMscf/d demonstration
plant fully funded
Modular and by Petrobras - over
Product: containerized within Please contact 3 years of
Synthetic crude a 40 feet container company for operation; pilot
or diesel, certification and plant in the U.K –
Please contact footprint over 8 years of
company for cost
testing
Mini-GTL
Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT
EFT emerged from Syntroleum, a leading GTL company in the nineties. Ken and Mark Agee are
leading EFT. They have developed a modular Flare BusterTM GTL-FT platform together with Black &
Veatch. Recently they have announced the FLARE BUSTER 25, which is a nominal 25 bpd mobile,
remotely controlled and self-sufficient micro-GTL plant that produces syncrude. 50 and 250 bpd
versions are being developed.
Contact: Mark Agee at magee@emergingfuels.com; +1 918 605 5456
EFT Additional
Size range & Offshore Experience to
Technology & operating operational O&M Business model
cost suitability date
Advanced GTL-FT catalyst MiniGTL: 500bpd (and up) Can be self- Highly Currently Licensing Decades of
and reactor. Catalyst has 5MMscfd gas, Fob cost <$50 supporting! automated under experience of
high activity and long life. mln operation; evaluation Build and sale world scale GTL
plants.
Modules for gas MicroGTL: 25bpd (and up) Power and Low
treatment for high M 25 (see Picture) water supply, maintenance Large laboratory
feedstock flexibility; Delivery: 26 weeks, FOB cost wastewater cost for R&D and
<US$ 4mln treatment. training;
Modules for syncrude
upgrading to diesel, jet M50 (50 bpd) and M250 Additional License of GTL
fuel, etc (250 bpd) are being requirements, technology to
developed site dependent Juniper GTL, and
Fulcrum and Red
Rock Biofuels.
Mini-GTL
GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF)
Gas Technologies LLC manufactures, installs and operates modular gas-to-liquids plants that utilize
the patented GasTechno® single-step GTL conversion process. GasTechno® Micro-GTL® plants
convert associated flare gas and stranded natural gas into high-value fuels and chemicals
(predominantly methanol, ethanol) The unit capital cost of the plants is approximately 70% lower
than traditional methanol production facilities and they require relatively limited operation &
maintenance costs. However, long term performance of this breakthrough technology is not yet
known.
Contact: Walter Breidenstein, walterb@gastechno.com
Technology & Additional
Size range & Experience to
Operating operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model
cost date
Direct partial Unit sizes Power and oxygen Requirements for Company indicated Design, build and In November
oxidation of available: 300 are the only inputs preventive and suitability for operate plants, 2016 the first
natural gas to to 10,000 Mscfd; other than the gas corrective offshore purchasing the commercial-
produce the potential supply. maintenance applications based feedstock gas from GasTechno®
methanol, exists to scale up teams depend on upon a DNV GL the field operator Mini-GTL®
ethanol and to 30,000 Mscfd plant scale Pre-Feed Study in plant was
Power can be
formaldehyde Modular and 2015 successfully
generated on-site
containerized. commissioned
from off-spec gas on a natural
One-step 300 Mscfd plant Small-scale plants Process evaluated Other project
conversion. No installed in a 40’ or purge gas from are designed to by DNV as structures including gas field in
catalyst, no ISO container the GTL process. be operated technically viable joint ventures with Michigan, USA.
syngas. Add-on remotely and for offshore producers/operators
technologies Cost for 300 Oxygen generated may not require installation. as well as tolling The same 300
can be used to Mscfd is on-site for scales full time presence agreements with Mscfd unit was
produce DME, USD1,300/tpy exceeding 1,000 of operators Process has producers/off-takers run on Bakken
gasoline, capacity. Cost for Mscfd of natural compact footprint may be possible flare gas in
etc.produce 5,000 Mscfd is gas – 40 foot ISO 2018
DME, gasoline, USD450/tpy container for 300
etc. capacity Mscfd
Mini-GTL
Greyrock
Greyrock Energy was founded in 2006 as Pacific Renewable Fuels by Robert
Schuetzle and Dr. Dennis Schuetzle. The company is headquartered in Sacramento, M50
California, with offices and a demonstration plant in Toledo, Ohio. Its sole focus is
small-scale GTL Fischer-Tropsch plants for Distributed Fuel Production®, and it has
commercial offers of P class plants (>500bpd) and M class “Micro-GTL” units
(>5bpd).
Contact: Robert Schuetzle; rschuetzle@greyrock.com
Technology &
Size range & Additional operational Offshore
operating O&M Business model Experience to date
cost requirements suitability
conditions
Gas-to-liquid Uses a modular, Power would be required Typical O&M that would be Company Licensing Successfully
Fischer integrated for operations. associated with oil and gas indicated that Greyrock’s JV demonstrated the
Tropsch architecture with equipment such as pumps, smaller unit partners will technology at the 30
conversion. an adaptive Power generation is an compressors, etc. can be suitable build/own/operate bpd level in a plant
control system to optional package for offshore plants (Advantage in Toledo, Ohio in
Proprietary deliver robust (Greyrock systems have Please contact company for applications. Midstream in North 2011-2014.
catalyst that performance; excess steam that can more information America,
directly P Class plants generate enough power Please contact AngloAmerican in A Greyrock M-50 is
converts M Class units for to run the system and in company for Africa, and Perseus in part of a plant under
syngas into flare gas (remote some cases export power) more Mexico construction by
diesel. controlled); information Advantage
M 50: uses Midstream in
500Mscfd Colorado.
Cost ranges from A project using a
US$ 65,000/bbl to Greyrock M-500,
US$ 100,000/bbl modified by
Expander Energy
Inc, is under
construction in
Alberta, Canada
Mini-GTL
Metgas Processing Technologies S.p.A --Siluria
METGAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES S.p.A., a subsidiary of MAIRE TECNIMONT GROUP, in June 2016
became one of the major shareholders in Siluria Technologies. Siluria has developed industrial
technologies for the production of chemicals and fuels starting from gas. The technologies are based
on proprietary Oxidative Coupling of Methane ("OCM") process. The OCM technology is based on
Siluria’s catalyst platform. METGAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES and Siluria have combined their
respective technologies and expertise to commercialize the GAS TO PROPYLENE Technology to convert
gas directly into one of the most important base chemical products, Propylene.
Contact: Valerio Coppini; v.coppini@met-gas.com
Additional
Technology & Size range & Offshore Experience to
Operating conditions Cost suitability date
requirements
Small-scale GTL Plant sizes from 8 For a stand-alone Opex ~ 220 Currently Provision of: A 1 ton/d OCM
converting associated gas MMscf/d to > 150 plant, some of the USD/t of under - License demonstration
to propylene MMscf/d feedgas is used propylene for a evaluation - Basic engineering plant has been
Propylene shipment can to generate the stand-alone package operating in La
be by road, tanks, rail utilities required. plant. This - Training Porte, Texas,
tanks or ship without These are: Includes utilities, - Detail design since 2015
refrigeration ▪ Cooling water typical Engineering
Process can accept lean For 15 MMscf/d ▪ Instrument air operation and review
to very rich associated plant the footprint is ▪ Nitrogen maintenance - Commissioning
gas. Contaminants in the between 5 and 7 ▪ Plant air costs, and and performance
gas can be tolerated acres ▪ Electricity catalyst tests assistance
~10% of the product EPC cost for a stand- ▪ Steam replacement - Proprietary
mass is in the form of alone (i.e. self- These must (lifetime 2 yrs). equipment.
C4/C5+ which can be sufficient) plant is otherwise be Excludes
transported by road/rail estimated to about supplied by a 3rd purchase of Tecnimont, sister
tanks USD200-250 mln for party feed-gas company of
Plant turndown is 70- 80 kt/year of METGAS, could
110%. Process can polymer-grade provide EPC-LSTK
operate outside this propylene, services for project
range, but product yield depending on the implementation
and product selectivity location of the plant
would suffer
Mini-GTL
Primus Green Energy

Company Overview
Primus Green Energy is based in Hillsborough, New Jersey, USA. The company is backed by
Kenon Holdings, a holding company in Israel that operates dynamic, primarily growth-oriented
businesses. Sam Golan is the CEO of Primus Green Energy and Dr. George Boyajian is the Chief
Commercial Officer. Primus Green Energy™ has developed an innovative Gas-to-Liquids
technology that economically produces high value liquids such as gasoline, diluent and
methanol directly from natural gas or other carbon-rich feed gas.
Contact: Steven Murray smurray@primusge.com

Trent Crow tcrow@primusge.com
Additional
Technology & Size range & Experience to
operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model
Operating conditions Cost date
requirements
Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Unit size available: Cooling water, STG+™ plants have Company indicated Sales, licensing, In October 2013,
technology Proprietary 5MMscfd feed gas = process water, minimal labor suitability for offshore tolling it commissioned
STG+™ process is a 500bbd gasoline OR electricity, requirements. applications due to its 7 bpd
single-loop process that 160MTd methanol. standard utilities. STG+™ systems’ (100,000 gallons
converts natural gas Requires a single flexible layout options per year)
feedstock directly to 20MMscf/d feed gas = operator during and small footprint. demonstration
gasoline or methanol 2000bbd gasoline OR normal plant gasoline plant
640MT/d methanol operation and shut using pipeline
STG+™ Systems are down for gas. Plant has >
modular and scalable. maintenance is only 11,000 hrs
10 days per year. successful
Product: Methanol and
operation
Gasoline
Cost* is $~50 MM for
a 5MMscf/d plant.

GGFR Technology Overview - Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas

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GGFR Technology Overview – Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas

Amazonas Station, OCP Ecuador S.A. (Photo: Wärtsilä)

Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro

Contact: James Meyer, jmeyer@aspenesco.com

No limit on H2S/CO2 content

EcoVapor Recovery Systems

Technology & operating Size range & Additional operational Offshore

Contact: George Chedsey, gchedsey@gtuit.com

Contact: Kaaeid Lokhandwala, kaaeid.lokhandwala@mtrinc.com

Contact: Chris O'Connell, chris.oconnell@nacellelogistics.com

Contact: Joseph Palaia, jpalaia@pioneerenergy.com

Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com

Handles flow variability (<50% Cost USD2.5 million/MW Please contact

Technologies suitable to generate electricity from associated gas.

Contact: Eric Toumayan, eric.toumayan@aprenergy.com

Contact: Larissa Shaaked, larissa.shaaked@ge.com

Contact: Leo Eskin, eskinl@lppcombustion.com

MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC

Automatic fuel switching Please contact company

Moser Energy Systems

Contact: Mark Bohon, mark@moseres.com

Contact: Anshuman Pandey , apa@opra.nl ; +31 6 211 540 93

Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com

Wärtsilä SG, LG and GD Flexible power plants

Contact: Thomas Bourliere, Thomas.bourliere@wartsila.com

Contact Thomas Miller, email@beerensgas.com

Contacts: Tino Ceniti, tcc@calvertenergy.eu, Tel: +32 477981063

Br yan Smith Tel +1 828 275 5090

Contact: George Arnett, George.Arnett@chartindustries.com

Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansion-energy.com

Expansion Energy – Additional

Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi, glorenzi@galileoar.com

Linde Cryostar – Additional

Contact: Edmund Buckley at edmund.buckley@compactgtl.com; +44 020 3645

Technology & CompactGTL – Additional

Contact: Mark Agee at magee@emergingfuels.com; +1 918 605 5456

Contact: Robert Schuetzle; rschuetzle@greyrock.com

Primus Green Energy

Contact: Steven Murray smurray@primusge.com

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