Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973 authorises the Executive Magistrate of any state or territory

to issue an order to prohibit

the assembly of four or more people in an area. According to the law, every member of such 'unlawful assembly' can be booked for engaging in rioting.
Section 144 is imposed in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger of some event that has the potential to cause trouble or damage to human
life or property. Section 144 has been used in the past to impose restrictions as a means to prevent protests that can lead to unrest or riots. The orders
to impose Section 144 have been conferred to Executive Magistrate when there is an emergency situation.

 
Section 144 also restricts carrying any sort of weapon in that area where it has been imposed and people can be detained for violating it. The
maximum punishment for such an act is three years. 
 
According to the order under this section, there shall be no movement of public and all educational institutions shall also remain closed and there will
be a complete bar on holding any kind of public meetings or rallies during the period of operation of this order.
Section 144 also empowers the authorities to block the internet access.

Duration of Section 144 order

 
No order under Section 144 shall remain in force for more than two months but the state government can extent the validity for two months and
maximum up to six months. It can be withdrawn at any point of time if situation becomes normal.
There are four categories of magistrates in the Judiciary of India. This classification is given in the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC). It stipulates that in
each sessions district, there shall be:

 a Chief Judicial Magistrate

 a Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate
 a Judicial Magistrates First Class, and
 an Executive Magistrates [including DM, ADMs, SDMs]

.BILL

CAA provides for granting citizenship for Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians, who had migrated to India before December 31, 2014
but not to members of the Muslim community.

The Kerala Assembly was the first to pass the resolution against the amended Citizenship Act.

 The Bill aims to change the definition of illegal migrants. However, the Act doesn’t have a provision for Muslim sects like Shias and Ahmedis
who also face persecution in Pakistan.
Presently, the Constitution of India provides for citizenship by naturalisation – for people who have lived in India for the past 12 months and for 11 of
the past 14 years. It also provides for people whose parents or grandparents were born in India to become Indian citizens.

Who are illegal immigrants from India perspective?

 
As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, an illegal immigrant is one who enters India with fake or forged documents and/or does not have a valid passport. A
person who stays beyond the visa permit is also referred to as an illegal immigrant.

Parties and activists opposing the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 are of the view that it works against the cultural and linguistic identity of the
indigenous people. Mizoram and other northeastern states, which have a diverse indigenous community, have urged the government not to table the
new citizenship bill, saying it will open a "floodgate” of illegal immigrants in the state.  Bill would change the demography of the states if it is passed as
people of different cultures and languages will get citizenship of the country. Currently, the northeast is witnessing protests against Bangladeshi
immigrants.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill exempts certain areas in the North-East from this provision. It would not apply to tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya,
Mizoram and Tripura.(6TH SCHEDULE) This effectively means that Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram along with almost whole of Meghalaya
and parts of Assam and Tripura would stay out of the purview of the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill.