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GENERATOR
ULTRASONIC
Dogs,mice,batsandotheranimalscanhearsoundswithfrequencies upto
4O,O0OHz.Thereareseveralkindsof insectsthatcanalsohearor reactto
thesesounds.The circuitwe proposehereproducesa continuous sound
emission abovethe humanlimit,or a rangebetween18,000
in frequencies
and40,000Hz.Thesesoundsare calledultrasounds andcan be usedin
andpractical
severalexperimental applications.
in
herecanbeusedto scaredogsandotheranimals,
Thedevicewedescribe
andmanyotherinteresting
experiments,
biological applications.

Therecommended piezoelectric
transducer hasits maximum outputpower
between700 and 3,000Hz, but it alsowill operateat higherfrequencies
emittinglesspower.
powersupplyis fourM cellsor a 9-voltbattery.
Therecommended
Ourprojectrunsbetween approximately 18,000and40,000Hz,butyoucan
easilyalterthisrangebychanging C1,in a rangebetween470pFand0.001
uF. Frequency by C1.
canbe setby P1in the rangedetermined
thatthe40938lC willoscillate
Remember upto 500kHz.
in frequencies

Thecompletecircuitof the Ultrasonic usingthe fourgatesof a

Generator,
circuit,is shownin Figute 1.
40938integrated
placement
Components boardis shownin Figurc2.
on a printed-circuit
willbe
Thecircuitcanbe housedin a smallplasticboxandthe transducer
fixedin thefrontpanel.
Takecarewiththe positionof the polarizedparts,suchas the transistor,
andpowersupply.
capacitor
electrolytic
operation,
Forcontinuous on a heatsink'
Q1 shouldbe mounted
is nota criticalpart.Anytransformer
Thetransformer coil
witha secondary
from100to 500mAcanbe usedin thisproject.
ranging
-
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 F.lect ll uftmmlcecmntu

Figure I

Figure2

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PartsList - UltrasonicGenerator
lC1 - 40938CMOSIntegrated
circuit
Ql - 8D135medium-power NPNsilicontransistor
BZ - Piezoelectric
transducer
RadioShack273-090or equivalent
Tl - Transformer:
primary117VAC;secondary 6Vx100mA
R1 - 10,000 resistor
ohm,114W,5%
R2 - 1,000ohm,114W,5%
resistor
Pl - 100,000
ohmtrimmerpotentiometer
C1 - 4,700pF ceramicor metalfilmcapacitor

C2 - 100uF,12\M/DCelectrolytic
capacitor
S1 - SPSTtoggleor slideswitch

81 - 6V or 9V - AA cellsor battery- seetext

ldeasto Explore
Tolearnmoreaboutthecircuitor to getbetterperformance:
o Youcanreplacethepiezoelectric bya commontweeter.
transducer
Remove T1 andBZandplacethetweeterbetween51 andQl's col-
lector.Canyoumeasurethe generated power?
ultrasound
. Thecircuitcanalsogeneratesoundin theaudiblerange.Replace
in therangebetween
Cl bya capacitor 0.02and0.1uF.
o Explain andhowtheyareproduced
ultrasounds trans-
byelectronic
ducers.

0l
 P'rhct tt Uhffuh8emn0r

o Whatis a piezoelectric
material?
Scienceandditferent
applications:
o Severalexperiments
canbe madeusingultrasounds. Youcanex-
perimentwithdogconditioning. youcancalla dog
Usingthisoscillator
sound!(inaudible
usingan inaudible to humans)
o Ghoose a capacitor
between 0.01and0.047uFto produce sounds
bothin the audiorangeandultrasound range.Youcan nowconduct
experiments to determine
the exactupper-limit
frequencyheardby
humans.You alsocanconductexperimentswithanimals.lt willbe im-
portantto havea frequency
counteron handto do thiswork.
o ReplaceBZbyelectrodes. Thecircuitwillgenerate a high-voltage
outputthatcanbeusedin nervestimulation. Usea 10,000ohmpoten-
tiometerto adjustoutputvoltageat thispoint.Pulsescanreachpeaks
as highas 400volts.
o To get pulses(fornervestimulation you
and otherexperiments)
onlyhaveto replace
C1witha 1 uFcapacitor andP1witha 1,000,000
ohmpotentiometer.Pulsesin the raterangebetween 0.1persecond
per
to 10 secondcanbe generated withthischange.
o Thiscircuitcanalsobeusedasa fluorescent lampinverter.A com-
monfluorescent lamp(4 to 20 wafts)in placeof the transducer
will
glow,evenonethatis weakenoughto notfunctionon theAC power
line.

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