Radial Turbines – Problem Set # 2

MEE 304 Turbomachines

Lecture – 25
Dr. Y. Mukkamala
 P 13.10 (S.M. Yahya): A single stage ninety degree IFR turbine fitted with an
exhaust diffuser has the following data :
 Overall stage pressure ratio 4.0
 Temperature at entry 557 K
 Diffuser exit pressure 1 bar
 Mass flow rate of air 6.5 kg/s
 Flow coefficient 0.3
 Rotor tip diameter 42 cm
 Mean diameter at Rotor exit 21 cm
 Speed 18000 rpm
 Enthalpy losses in the nozzles and the rest of the stage are equal. Assuming
negligible velocities at the nozzle entry and diffuser exit, determine : (a) the
nozzle exit air angle (b) the rotor width at the entry (c ) the power developed
(d) the stage efficiency (e) the rotor blade height at the exit (f) Mach
numbers at nozzle and rotor (relative) exits and (g) the nozzle and rotor loss
coefficients.

 Soln. Ninety Degree IFR

Nozzle
1

V2
Vr2 = v2 2
2

2
u
Rotor

Vr3 = V3 v3
β3 3

u3

Diffuser
4
 Given : p01/p3 = 4.0, T01 = 557 K, p4 = 1 bar, m = 6.5 kg/s,
Φ2 = 0.3, dt = d2 = 42 cm, dm3 = 21 cm, N = 18000 rpm.

 Inlet Triangle Exit Triangle

V2 Vr3 = V3 v3
Vr2 = v2
2 β3

u2 u3
 Vr2
2   0.3
u2
From the inlet velocity triangle
Vr2
tan 2   0.3
u2
  2  16.7 (Ans.)
Blade Speed
 dt N   0.42  18000
u2    395.8 m/s
60 60
Similarly
 d3 N   0.21  18000
u3    197.92 m/s
60 60
 Vr2  0.3  u2  0.3  395.8  118.74 m/s
V2  Vr22  u22  118.742  395.82  413.23 m/s
v3  Vr23  u32  118.742  197.922  230.81 m/s
A s s u m in g n o h e a t lo s s e s i n t h e n o z z le
V 22
T01  T02  5 5 7 = T2 
2cp
4 1 3 .2 3 2
 5 5 7 = T2 
2  1005
 T2  4 7 2 K

W o rk d o n e
V 2 = u 2 ; V 3  0
u 22  c p ( T 0 2  T 0 3 )
4 1 3 .2 3 2 1 1 8 .7 4 2
 3 9 5 .8 2  1 00 5  [(4 72  )  ( T3  )]
2  1005 2  1005
3 9 5 .8 2
  [ 4 7 2  7 9 .9 4  T 3 ]
1005
 T 3  3 9 4 .1 1 K
V 32 1 1 8 .7 5 2
 T03  T3   3 9 4 .1 1 +
2cp 2  1005
 T 0 3  4 0 1 .1 1 K
Diffuser Exit Pressure
p 4  p 04 =1 bar [Since V4  0 m/s]
Assuming no pressure losses in the diffuser [i.e.,  D  100%]
p03  p04
Assuming incompressible flow
3V32 p3
p 03  p3   p3  118.742
2 2  287  394.11
 p 3 = 0.94 bar

p T
 03  ( 03 )  1
p3 T3 s
1 401.11 3.5
 ( )
0.89 T3 s
 T3 s  387.96 K
p3 0.94  1.01325 105
3    0.842 kg/m3
RT3 287  394.11
6.5
 b3   9.85 cm
0.842  118.75    0.21
 p 01
Since  4.0
p3
 p01  p02  4.0  0.94  3.76 bar.
 -1
p T
( 02 )   02 . p 02  p3  4  3.76 bar
p3 T3s
557
 (4)0.287  [T01  T02 ]
T3s
 T3s  374.17 K
V22 413.232
T2  557   557   472 K
2cp 2  1005
Equal enthalpy loss in nozzle and rotor.
h 2  h 2s  h 3  h 3s
 T2  T2s  T3  T3s
 472 - T2s  394  374.17
 T2s  452.17 K
 -1
p T
( 02 )   02  p 2  1.812 bar
p2 T2s
p2
 2   1.355 kg/m3
RT2
6.5
 b2 
1.355  118.75  (  0.42)
 b 2  3.05 cm (Ans.)
Mach Numbers
V2 413.23
M2    0.9488
 RT2 1.4  287  472
Similarly
v3 230.81
M 3, rel    0.58 (Ans.)
 RT3 1.4  287  394.11
 .
Power = m u22  6.5  (395.82 )
 Power = 1018.27 kW
Stage Efficiency
T02  T03
st 
T02  T03s
 1
p 02  T02
( ) ( )
p 03 T03s
3.76 0.287 557
( ) ( )
1 T03s
 T03s  380.9 K
557  401.11 155.89
st    88.52%
557  380.9 176.1