PROJECT MANAGERS’ COMPETENCY

ENHANCEMENT TRAINING

Module EIGHT

SPONSORED & ORGANIZED BY: PREPARED BY:

ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY HABCON CONSULT

www.era.gov.et www.habconconsult.com

info@habconconsult.com
Phone-0911247229
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 Table of Content

1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................4

2. Health and Safety Related Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Manuals..........................................................4

3. Managing Health and Safety Plan.............................................................................................................10

3.1 Health and Safety Management Plan Preparation..................................................................................10

3.1.1 Guidelines for Preparation of Health and Safety Management Plans..................................................10

3.1.2 Elements....................................................................................................................................10

a) Contract Description..........................................................................................................................11

b) Contract OHS Structure and System...................................................................................................11

c) Contract Induction and Safety Training...............................................................................................11

d) Safe Work Practices and Procedures.................................................................................................12

e) Risk Assessment.............................................................................................................................12

f) Workplace Health and Safety Inspections............................................................................................12

g) Health and Safety Consultation..........................................................................................................13

h) Emergency Procedures....................................................................................................................13

i) Incident Recording and Investigation....................................................................................................13

4. Health and Safety Management Plan Implementation...............................................................................14

4.1 OHS Clauses......................................................................................................................................15

4.1.2 Additional OHS Contract Clauses...................................................................................................16

5. Monitoring, Control and Updating of the Plan..............................................................................................20

5.1 Review of Risk Assessments................................................................................................................20

5.1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................20

5.1.2 Risk Assessment..........................................................................................................................20

6. Overview of the Current Practice related to Health and Safety.......................................................................22

6.1 At Client Level....................................................................................................................................22

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 6.2 At Contractor/Consultant Level............................................................................................................23

6.3 At the Level of the Federal Regulatory Body..........................................................................................23

7. Critical Areas of Improvement....................................................................................................................23

Annex1: Check List for Safe Operation and Handling of Transport, Earth-moving and Materials-handling Equipment1

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 1. Introduction
Project Safety Management is one of the Project Management Body of Knowledge amongst Environmental
Management, Financial Management, Claim Management, etc,…. It includes the process required to
assure that the construction project is executed with appropriate care to prevent accidents. Accidents and
personal injuries and death have been and are still a major concern in the construction industry both in
terms of humanitarian losses and direct and indirect costs to the industry. In the United States alone
construction accidents cost nearly 6.5 per cent of constructed value which is in order of USD 50 billion a
year. On the other hand studies show that every dollar spent on a good safety program can result in four to
eight dollar reduction in losses from accident.

Integrated Health and Safety Management is basically a subtopic of Risk Management. But because it is
functionally so specialized and important in almost all construction projects, it is treated as a separate item.

In its broader sense Integrated Health and Safety Management is incorporated in Ergonomics, which,
according to the International Ergonomics Association, is defined as “ scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies
theoretical principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well being and overall system
performance”. Of the specialized sub divisions under Ergonomics (Physical, Cognitive, and Organizational),
Integrated Health and Safety Management belongs to Physical and Organizational Ergonomics.

2. Health and Safety Related Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Manuals

The available Health and Safety related Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Manuals are looked into
starting from the Constitution which makes International Laws ratified by the country (one of which is the
Geneva Convention on Occupational Health and Safety) part of it. Ethiopia has been a member state of
ILO since 1923 and ratified more than 18 conventions since then. Of these, the main International Law that
Ethiopia ratified in relation to Occupational Health and Safety is the Occupational Safety and Health and
Working Environment Convention, No 155/1981:

The major contents of this Convention is overviewed by picking some important Articles. Other
Occupational Safety and Health related documents are enumerated (for reference) in Table 1.

Preamble (Partial)

Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labor Office, and having met
in its Sixty-seventh Session on 3 June 1981, and

Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention,

The Convention may be cited as the Occupational Safety and Health and Working Environment
Convention, No 155/1981:

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PART I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

Article 1(partial)

1. This Convention applies to all branches of economic activity.

2. A Member ratifying this Convention may, exclude from its application, in part or in whole, particular
branches of economic activity.

3. Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall list any branches which may have been
excluded.

Article 3 (partial)

For the purpose of this Convention--

(a) the term branches of economic activity covers all branches in which workers are employed,
including the public service;

(b) the term workers covers all employed persons, including public employees;

(c) the term workplace covers all places where workers need to be or to go by reason of their work
and which are under the direct or indirect control of the employer;

(d) the term regulations covers all provisions given force of law by the competent authority or
authorities;

(e) the term health , in relation to work, indicates not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; it
also includes the physical and mental elements affecting health which are directly related to safety
and hygiene at work.

ART II. PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL POLICY

Article 4 (partial)

1. Each Member shall, formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on
occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment.
2. The aim of the policy shall be to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with or
occurring in the course of work, by minimizing, so far as is reasonably practicable, the causes of
hazards inherent in the working environment.

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Article 5 (partial)

The policy referred to in Article 4 of this Convention shall take account of the following main spheres of
action in so far as they affect occupational safety and health and the working environment:

(a) design, testing, choice, substitution, installation, arrangement, use and maintenance of the
material elements of work (workplaces, working environment, tools, machinery and equipment,
chemical, physical and biological substances and agents, work processes);

(b) relationships between the material elements of work and the persons who carry out or
supervise the work, and adaptation of machinery, equipment, working time, organization of work
and work processes to the physical and mental capacities of the work;

(c) training, including necessary further training, qualifications and motivations of persons involved,
in one capacity or another, in the achievement of adequate levels of safety and health;

(d) communication and co-operation at the levels of the working group and the undertaking and at
all other appropriate levels up to and including the national level;

(e) the protection of workers and their representatives from disciplinary measures as a result of
actions properly taken by them in conformity with the policy referred to in Article 4 of this
Convention.

Article 7 (partial)

The situation regarding occupational safety and health and the working environment shall be reviewed at
appropriate intervals, either over-all or in respect of particular areas, with a view to identifying major
problems, evolving effective methods for dealing with them and priorities of action, and evaluating results.

PART III. ACTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

Article 8 (partial)

Each Member shall, by laws or regulations or any other method consistent with national conditions and
practice and in consultation with the representative organizations of employers and workers concerned,
take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to Article 4 of this Convention.

Article 9 (partial)

1. The enforcement of laws and regulations concerning occupational safety and health and the
working environment shall be secured by an adequate and appropriate system of inspection.
2. The enforcement system shall provide for adequate penalties for violations of the laws and
regulations.
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Article 10 (partial)

Measures shall be taken to provide guidance to employers and workers so as to help them to comply with
legal obligations.

Article 12 (partial)

Measures shall be taken, in accordance with national law and practice, with a view to ensuring that those
who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational
use--

 (a) satisfy themselves that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the machinery, equipment or
substance does not entail dangers for the safety and health of those using it correctly;
 (b) make available information concerning the correct installation and use of machinery and
equipment and the correct use of substances, and information on hazards of machinery and
equipment and dangerous properties of chemical substances and physical and biological agents or
products, as well as instructions on how known hazards are to be avoided;

 (c) undertake studies and research or otherwise keep abreast of the scientific and technical
knowledge necessary to comply with subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this Article.

Article 13 (partial)

A worker who has removed himself from a work situation which he has reasonable justification to believe
presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or health shall be protected from undue consequences
in accordance with national conditions and practice.

PART IV. ACTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE UNDERTAKING

Article 16 (partial)

1. Employers shall be required to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the workplaces,
machinery, equipment and processes under their control are safe and without risk to health.
2. Employers shall be required to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the chemical,
physical and biological substances and agents under their control are without risk to health when
the appropriate measures of protection are taken.

3. Employers shall be required to provide, where necessary, adequate protective clothing and
protective equipment to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, risk of accidents or of adverse
effects on health.

Article 17 (partial)

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Whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace, they shall
collaborate in applying the requirements of this Convention.

Article 18 (partial)

Employers shall be required to provide, where necessary, for measures to deal with emergencies and
accidents, including adequate first-aid arrangements.

Article 21 (partial)

Occupational safety and health measures shall not involve any expenditure for the workers.

PART V. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 22 (partial)

This Convention does not revise any international labor Conventions or Recommendations.

Article 24 (partial)

1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labor Organization
whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General.
2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members
have been registered with the Director-General.

3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member twelve months after the date on
which its ratification has been registered.

International Labor Organization (ILO) Constitution

Article 22 (partial)

Annual reports on ratified Conventions

1. Each of the Members agrees to make an annual report to the International Labor Office on the measures
which it has taken to give effect to the provisions of Conventions to which it is a party. These reports shall
be made in such form and shall contain such particulars as the Governing Body may request.

Ratification

Ethiopia ratified Protocol 2002 on 28 Jan. 1991

Comments by Observation 2011

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The Committee notes with satisfaction the information provided by the Government regarding the adoption of the
Occupational Safety and Health Directive by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in 2008 (OSH Directive), which
lays down general occupational safety and health (OSH) provisions and specific rules on fire prevention, working with
chemicals, exposure to radiations, electric and magnetic fields, noise, vibration and rules protecting workers
employed in cold/hot thermal environments. In addition, the Committee notes that the OSH Directive defines specific
rules on OSH in the manufacturing sector, in the construction sector, and in agriculture.

Table1: Other Regulatory Documents in Relation to Occupational Health and Safety

Se. No Title Number

1 Bio-safety Proclamation 655/2009

2 Environmental Protection Authority Establishment Proclamation 9/1995

3 Radiation Protection Proclamation 571/2008

4 Registration and Control of Construction Machinery Proclamation 177/1999

5 Ethiopian Building Proclamation 624/2009

6 Proclamation to Provide for the Establishment of the Defense Industry 313/ 1987
Commission

7 The Labor Proclamation 377/2006

8 Public Health Proclamation 200/2000

9 The Pollution Control Proclamation 295/2005

10 The Environment Impact Assessment Proclamation 299/2002

11 Ethiopian Standards Authority (Voluntary and Mandatory Standards)

12 Occupational Health and Safety Directive prepared by Ministry of Labor and

Social Affairs

3. Managing Health and Safety Plan

3.1 Health and Safety Management Plan Preparation

3.1.1 Guidelines for Preparation of Health and Safety Management Plans

Safety Management Planning for a construction project involves a project site analysis of the hazards
inherent in the work and making decisions as to the measures to be taken to deal effectively with them. The
analysis includes a survey of the geographical and physical hazards of the site, as well as a review of the
normal hazards involved in the type of construction anticipated. Government laws and regulations, contract

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and owner requirements must also be considered in developing the project safety plan which will be the
guiding document for a safe project.

To come up with a very good Health and Safety Management Plan, two major prerequisite requirements
prevail: Inputs and tools and techniques. The inputs include: Laws and Regulations, Contract
Requirements, Safety Policy, Site Location and Management Commitment. The tools and techniques
include: Hazard Analysis; Subcontract Selection; Incentives.

Prior to the commencement of the contract the successful Tenderer is required to submit a Health and
Safety Management Plan (equally called Health and Safety Plan) detailing the health and safety systems
and procedures which will apply during the term of the contract.

The Health and Safety Plan will be reviewed by The Principal prior to commencement of the contract and
will be subject to approval by The Principal.

The Health and Safety Plan shall be reviewed at regular intervals throughout the contract to ensure that it is
maintained in an up to date condition. The Contractor’s Health and Safety Plan will also form the basis by
which its management systems will be audited by The Principal.

This document outlines the general requirements and elements of Health and Safety Plans to provide
guidance to Contractors when preparing the plan.

3.1.2 Elements

The elements that make up a Health and Safety Plan include:

 Contract description
 Contract OHS structure and system

 Contract induction and safety training

 Safe work practices and procedures

 Risk assessment

 Workplace health and safety inspections

 Health and safety consultation

 Emergency procedures

 Incident recording and investigation

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a) Contract Description

A brief description of the scope of work associated with the contract should be documented. The
description should be sufficiently detailed to provide persons unfamiliar with the contract an overview of the
type of work being carried out and under what conditions.

The scope of work should include as a minimum requirement the following details:

 Summary of major activities and types of work to be performed.

 List of tasks or specialist procedures that may require detailed health and safety work procedures and
training.

 List areas of contract requiring special consideration from a health and safety perspective eg:

o Presence of public

o Traffic management

o Work restrictions (work times, confined spaces)

o Exposure to hazards (noise, dust, elevated heights)

b) Contract OHS Structure and System

The Contractor’s Health and Safety Plan should be established around existing OHS management systems
and associated procedures and controls. Reference should be made to existing procedures and
documentation in the Health and Safety Plan. This will also assist in minimizing the size of the document.

The Contractor should outline the management structure, responsibilities, standards and control systems
applicable to the contract to ensure OHS requirements are adequately addressed. The following
information should be included:

 Company health and safety policy, to be displayed at worksites.

 An outline of the contract health and safety organization and structure. i.e. names and/or positions of those
with specific health and safety responsibilities.

 Summary of OHS roles and responsibilities of Contractor staff involved in the contract.

 Position and/or name of senior person who will liaise with The Principal on health and safety matters.

c) Contract Induction and Safety Training

OHS legislation requires all employers to ensure that their employees have the skills and training required
to carry out their work in a safe manner. The Principal requires that Contractors document their safety-

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training program ensuring that they have appropriately skilled employees, suitable training programs and
adequate supervision for the contract works.

The following information should be provided:

 An outline of contract induction procedures for employees and subcontractors.

 Details of induction course content.

 Register of personnel who have satisfactorily completed the contract induction.

 Details of employee health and safety training which has or will be provided relevant to the contract
requirements.

 Provide a register of names and/or positions of contract employees with authorizations, permits,
competency certificates, licenses etc who may be required to supervise or undertake specialist work activity.

d) Safe Work Practices and Procedures

Relevant safe work practices and procedures should where appropriate be developed for the contract.
Where possible, existing health and safety company procedures should be used. However, contract
specific safe work procedures may need to be developed on the basis of particular contract hazards. These
may be identified when undertaking the Risk Assessment.

The following information should be provided:

 Provide a list and copies of company safe work procedures or instructions relevant to the contract.
 Provide a list and copies of contract specific safe work procedures or instructions.

 Detail site operations that will be subject to permit to work systems.

 Provide details of employees and/or subcontractors issued with copies of safe work procedures and
instructions.

 Safe work procedures and instructions should be recorded on Safe Work Procedure/Instruction Register.

e) Risk Assessment

The Risk Assessment is an integral part of the Health and Safety Plan and considers the following:

 Identifies hazards associated with contract tasks and activities

 Determines the level of risk

 Establishes appropriate risk control measures

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f) Workplace Health and Safety Inspections

Health and safety inspections play an important role in the identification of hazards at the workplace and in
the development of control measures. The Health and Safety Plan should outline the procedures and
methods by which contract workplaces will be inspected on a regular basis.

The following information should be provided:

 Details of how workplace health and safety inspections will be undertaken during the contract, considering:
o Checklists to be used

o Frequency of inspections

o Team members

o Amendments as per the inspection findings

 Details of hazard reporting procedures for the contract, including hazard report forms.

 Details of specific activities or areas targeted for inspection i.e. plant, hazardous materials, electrical safety.

g) Health and Safety Consultation

Consultation with employees provides an important mechanism whereby health and safety issues can be
dealt with in a manner that promotes ownership and prompt resolution.

The following information should be documented:

 List of current employer and employee health and safety representatives

 Details of the membership and operation of the Safety Committee

 Reference to company issue resolution procedures.

h) Emergency Procedures

There is the potential for a range of emergency situations to occur both on-site and off-site in relation to
contract works. These situations need to be identified and specific emergency procedures developed and
made known.

The following information should be documented:

 Overall emergency plan and structure for the contract.

 Register of emergency equipment and locations ie first aid equipment, fire extinguishers.

 Register of current qualified First Aiders.

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  Arrangements/co-ordination with other worksite occupants in the event of an emergency.

i) Incident Recording and Investigation

All incidents associated with the contract involving personal injury, medical treatment or property damage
should be recorded and investigated.

The following should be documented:

 Details of incident reporting and investigation system and procedures.

 Details of how Class 1 and Class 2 incidents shall be notified to The Principal.

 Details of how incident statistics are to be compiled and distributed.

4. Health and Safety Management Plan Implementation

Execution of the Project Safety Plan involves the application and implementation of safe construction
practice in accordance with the requirements of the Plan. While it is good and often required practice to
indoctrinate all workers in the requirements of the Project Health and Safety Management Plan, it is usually
the responsibility of the authorized Project Safety Officer to oversee the implementation of such practices
and to seek correction of any shortcomings. On a large construction project, there may be a requirement for
a separate safety staff of several persons headed by the Safety Officer. Reduced injuries, and Improved
productivity are the outputs of an effective Safety and Health Management Plan. The inputs for such results
are: Project Safety Plan and Contract Requirements. The tools and Techniques are: Personal Protective
Clothing and Equipment; Safety Equipment; Safety Communication; Facilities.

The very practical approach towards implementation of Health and Safety Plan is incorporation of relevant
articles during project management. A systematic approach is required to integrate health and safety
requirements into contract management activities effectively and to fulfill obligations in relation to health
and safety.

There are three important stages in the contracting process: Contract and Specification; Tender Evaluation;
Contract Management.

Determining OHS Tender and Contract Requirements

 Contract and
Specification Ensuring that appropriate health and safety requirements are incorporated into the contract,
conditions of tender and the specification documents. Include requirements which may not
otherwise be aware of
Evaluating Tenderer OHS Capabilities and systems
Tender Evaluation
Establishing a systematic approach to evaluating Tenderers health and safety capabilities and

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 resources. It is recommended that OHS to be a Key Criteria for selection of contractors. This task
may be simplified, if the tenderer has an accredited OHS Management System. Tenderers may
also have systems pre-qualified an authorized body. Note that contract specific requirements may
not have been incorporated into a management system at tender stage
Monitoring and Supervising Contractor OHS Performance
Contract Management
Ensuring that Contractor health and safety performance is adequately managed and monitored for
the duration of the contract. The emphasis during the Contract stage should be on confirming the
preventative and pro-active and corrective OHS management by the Contractor.

4.1 Clauses
This section outlines and compares FIDIC clauses with clauses adopted from contract documents of other countries
where Health and Safety issues are paid due attention.

FIDIC 4th edition 1987

GCC 19.1 Safety, Security and Protection of The Environment

The Contractor shall, throughout the execution and completion of the Works and Protection of and the
remedying of any defects therein:
(a) have full regard for the safety of all persons entitled to be upon the Site and keep the Site (so far as the
same is under his control) and the Works (so far as the same are not completed or occupied by the
employer) in an orderly state appropriate to the avoidance of danger to such persons,
(b) provide and maintain at his own cost all lights, guards, fencing, warning signs and watching, when and
where necessary or required by the Engineer or by any duly constituted authority, for the protection of the Works
or for the safety and convenience of the public or others, and
(c) take all reasonable steps to protect the environment on and off the Site and to avoid damage or nuisance
to persons or to property of the public or others resulting from pollution, noise or other causes arising as a
consequence of his methods of operation.

SCC 34 Health and Safety

Due precautions shall be taken by the Contractor, and at his own cost, to ensure the safety of his staff
and labor and, in collaboration with and to the requirements of the local health authorities, to ensure that
medical staff first aid equipment and stores, sick bay and suitable ambulance service are available at the
camps, housing and on the Site at all times throughout the period of the Contract and that suitable
arrangements are made for the prevention of epidemics and for all necessary welfare and hygiene
requirements.

SCC 35 Records of Safety

The Contractor shall maintain such records and make such reports concerning and
Health safety, health
and welfare of persons and damage to property as the Engineer may from time to time prescribe.
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SCC 35 Reporting of Accidents
The Contractor shall report to the Engineer details of any accident as soon as possible after its occurrence. In the
case of any fatality or serious accident, the Contractor shall, in addition, notify the Engineer immediately by the
quickest available means.

‘CCAP' of the Victorian Government.

The Following Special Conditions of Contract Clause have been approved by the Construction Contracts
Advisory Panel ‘CCAP' of the Victorian Government. It is to be included in all contracts.

Special Conditions of Contract

55 Principal Contractor

55.1 This clause shall apply to the Contractor unless otherwise provided pursuant to clause 56. The
Principal acknowledges that the appointment of a Principal Contractor does not abrogate the obligations of
the Principal under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic).

55.2 The Principal hereby appoints the Contractor as the Principal Contractor in accordance with regulation
5.1.14(1)(a) of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007.

55.3 The Contractor hereby acknowledges and accepts the appointment as Principal Contractor and
agrees to carry out and discharge the obligations of a Principal Contractor contained in the Occupational
Health and Safety Regulations 2007 and accepts all liability in respect thereof.

55.4 The Principal hereby authorizes the Contractor to manage and control the Site to the extent necessary
to discharge the duties imposed on a Principal Contractor by the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007 for the period commencing from the date the Contractor takes possession of the Site
and ending on the Date of Practical Completion. Furthermore, the Contractor acknowledges that its
responsibilities as Principal Contractor continue (or resume) for any Works undertaken prior to the date the
Final Certificate is issued. The Contractor hereby acknowledges and accepts that the management and
control of the Site afforded by the Principal is sufficient to allow the Contractor to fulfill the obligations of a
Principal Contractor.

55.5 The Contractor undertakes to promptly upon request by, or on behalf of, the Principal demonstrate
that the obligations of a Principal Contractor under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007
have been, and will continue to be met, including providing evidence of measures taken to achieve
compliance.

56.4 The Contractor hereby acknowledges and accepts that it has the management and control of the Site
necessary to discharge the duties imposed on a Principal Contractor by the Victorian Regulations for the

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period commencing from the date the Contractor takes possession of the Site and ending on the date a
Certificate of Practical Completion is issued pursuant to clause 42.5 of the General Conditions.

Furthermore, the Contractor acknowledges that it will have the necessary management and control of the
Site to discharge the Principal Contractor duties during any period that it performs Construction Work on
the Site during the Defects Liability Period.

4.1.2 Additional Contract Clauses

1   General Occupational Health & Safety Requirements

The Department is obligated to provide and maintain, so far as is reasonably practicable, a working
environment for its employees and members of the public, that is safe and without risk to health. As a
condition of this contract, the Department requires that any Contractors or subcontractors that may be
engaged to perform a service on its behalf will at all times identify and exercise all necessary precautions
for the health and safety of all persons including Contractor employees, Departmental or Agency
employees and members of the public who may be affected by the services.

The Contractor will inform itself of all occupational health and safety policies, procedures or measures
implemented or adopted by the Department, Agency and/or the occupiers of any premises at or within
which the Contractor will perform works under this contract. The Contractor will comply with all such
policies, procedures or measures; and in the event of any inconsistency, will comply with such procedures
or measures as they produce the highest level of health and safety.

2   Legislative Compliance

The Contractor must manage and control the construction workplace in accordance with the contract and
must comply with and ensure that its employees, subcontractors and agents comply with any Acts,
Regulations, Local Laws and By-laws, Codes of Practice, Policy and Procedures which are in any way
applicable to this contract or the performance of the services under this contract.

3   Contractor Management Systems

The Contractor must when requested by The Superintendent, submit a complete copy of their company
management system documentation which must include as a minimum requirement:

 policy and objectives;

 Health and Safety Coordination Plan, including Organization structure and responsibilities;

 Safe Work Method Statements or other safe work practices and procedures;

 training and induction systems and records;

 auditing and inspection procedures and records;

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  consultation procedures and outcomes; and

 performance monitoring and reports.

Optional Requirement

The Contractor must provide evidence of certification of their management system. The minimum level of
certification is Safety MAP Initial Level Achievement or equivalent established by independent audit by a
recognized certifying body. If the Contractor does not maintain certification of their management system as
required in this contract the Principal may terminate the contract.

4   Tenderer Management System Questionnaire

[To be incorporated in Conditions of Tender]

Tenderers shall complete the Tenderer Management System Questionnaire and incorporate the completed
document with their tender submission. Tenderers who do not complete the questionnaire shall be ineligible
for selection. Tenderers will be required to verify their responses noted in the questionnaire by providing
evidence of their ability and capacity in relevant matters. By submission of the tender and questionnaire the
Tenderer acknowledges and confirms as accurate all details contained in the questionnaire and any
verifying documents.

5   Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) Required for High Risk Construction Work

All high risk construction work shall be controlled by the prior preparation of, and use of Safe Work Method
Statements (SWMS), using the hierarchy of risk control measures. The SWMS must be reviewed and if
necessary revised to ensure safe systems of work. If there is non-compliance with a SWMS or any
indication that risk control measures are not adequately controlling the risks to health and safety, the work
must stop and not resume until the statement is complied with or reviewed and if necessary revised.

6   Health and Safety Coordination Plan

Prior to commencing the works under the contract the Contractor shall submit to The Superintendent a
Health and Safety Coordination Plan specific to the contract and works.

7   Performance Reporting

The Contractor must, when requested by the Principal, provide evidence of ongoing performance of the
Contractor's management system. Without limiting the requirements of this obligation, the Contractor shall
provide the following information on a monthly basis in the form of a Contractor Performance Report:

 Details of current and upcoming work and the details of the Safe Work Method Statements which will be
employed to control risks for high risk construction work
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  Number of lost time injuries

 Working days lost due to injury

 Current status of any injured personnel, damaged property or environmental damage or pollution

 Status of the implementation and outcomes of corrective actions undertaken as a result of inspections and
risk assessments

 Status of management system audits undertaken

The Performance Report shall be submitted by the Contactor using the Contractor Monthly Performance
Report Form.

The Contractor shall when requested by The Superintendent provide reports on inspections, audits or
assessments undertaken during the course of the contract.

8   Incident Notification

If the Contractor is required to give any notice of an accident or incident occurring during the performance
by the Contractor of works under the contract, the Contractor shall at the same time or as soon thereafter
as possible in the circumstances, give a copy of the notice to the Superintendent.

The Contractor must notify the Superintendent promptly of any accident, injury, property or environmental
damage that occurs during the carrying out of the contract works. All lost time incidents shall be
immediately notified to the Superintendent. The Contractor must within 3 days of any such incident provide
a report giving complete details of the incident, including results of investigations into its cause, and any
actions or strategies for prevention in the future.

9   Non Compliance

If during the performance of works under the contract, the Superintendent informs the Contractor that it is
the opinion of the Superintendent that the Contractor is:

 Not conducting the work in compliance with the Contractor's Health and Safety Coordination Plan, relevant
Safe Work Method Statements, relevant legislation or health and safety procedures provided by the
Department from time to time, or
 Conducting the work in such a way as to endanger the health and safety of Contractors employees or the
Department's or Agency's or its Contractors' and subcontractors' employees, and the public.

 Conducting the work in such a way as to risk property, plant, equipment or materials.

The Contractor shall remedy that breach of health and safety promptly.

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The Superintendent may direct the Contractor to suspend the work until such time as the Contractor
satisfies the Superintendent that the work will be resumed in conformity with applicable health and safety
provisions.

During periods of suspension referred to above, the Principal shall not be required to make any payment
whatsoever to the Contractor.

If the Contractor fails to rectify any breach of health and safety for which the work has been suspended, or
if the Contractors performance has involved recurring breaches of health and safety, the Principal may as
its option terminate the work forthwith, without further obligation to the Contractor. In this event, the
Principal's liability shall be limited to payment for the work performed and costs incurred by the Contractor
up to the time of termination or an earlier suspension of works.

5. Monitoring, Control and Updating of the Plan

5.1 Review of Risk Assessments

5.1.1 Introduction

The Principal or Consultant is responsible for reviewing Risk Assessments to ensure that:

 The contract has been separated into specific Contractor activities;

 The Contractor has identified hazards associated with the activities;

 The Contractor has indicated control measures which have considered the degree of risk associated with
the task;

 Control measures can be practically implemented during the project.

The Risk Assessment is to be completed by the Contractor as part of the planning of the works. However, it
may be useful for Principals or Consultants to assist Contractors to undertake this task at the time of
implementing this system or as part of the Contractor induction process.

5.1.2 Risk Assessment

a. Identification of Tasks

The contract works or services should be separated into significant tasks or activities. These tasks may be
identified by the fundamental hazards associated with each task. Hazards may arise as a result of:

 The nature and type of services performed;

 The location of the work;

 Materials, chemicals or equipment used;

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  The time of the work;

 Proximity to the public or other Contractors; and

 The work environment.

b. Identification of Hazards

Contractors should identify the range of hazards associated with each task. A hazard can be defined as the
potential to cause injury or illness to one or more people. When determining hazards associated with the
task the hazard types below should be considered:

 Physical Hazards (ex. noise, plant related hazards, working at height, manual handling, ergonomic, traffic
hazards, collapse, falling objects etc);
 Chemical Hazards (ex. inhalation, skin contact with chemicals, ingestion of chemicals);

 Electrical Hazards (ex. direct electrocution, contact with overhead or underground cables);

 Biological Hazards (ex. infection, needle stick injury, handling of wastes);

 Radiation Hazards (ex. UV light, lasers); and

 Psychological (ex. Workplace conditions leading to stress).

The attached Hazard Identification and Control Table lists a variety of hazards and the control measures
which may be considered. This hazard list is not exhaustive and other controls may be considered for the
hazards listed.

c. Assessment of Risk

Risk is defined as the probability of a hazard causing injury or illness. Risk is a combination of the length
and time of exposure to the hazard and the likelihood of the hazard being realized.

The hazards should be assigned as follows:

 Class 1: Potential to cause death or permanent injury to one or more people;

 Class 2: Potential to cause one or more lost time injuries; and

 Class 3: Potential to cause an injury treatable with first aid.

A primary goal shall be to eliminate Class 1 and 2 risks associated with the contract and should be a major
focus of the Risk Assessment. Contractors should detail risk control measures that adequately address all
identified Class 1 and 2 risks. When determining risk control strategies, the hierarchy of controls
summarized below should be considered. The assignment of risk rating may take into consideration:

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  Past accident/incident reports;
 Industry experience and data;

 Work Cover claims data; and

 Personal experience and professional judgment.

d. Control Measures

The Contract Manager must ensure that the Contractor has identified suitable control measures for each
hazard. In most cases the Contractor will have a greater understanding of the technical requirements of the
works and in these cases the Contract Manager would not be expected to make a judgment as to whether
the control strategy chosen by the Contractor is the best available safe system of work. Where the specific
task does not involve specialty technical expertise, the Contract Manager should provide feedback to the
Contractor if they feel the identified control measure is in any way inadequate.

Further guidance regarding the selection of the most suitable control methods is provided in the ‘Risk
Assessment Form’. In summary the selection of suitable control measures should take into consideration:

 Level of risk;
 Hierarchy of controls; and

 Practicability of implementation.

e. Hazard Identification and Control Table

The following table provides examples of control measures for a range of generic hazards. These examples
are provided as a guide only and site-specific factors must also be considered. Note also that this table of
examples does not include all possible hazards.

 List areas of contract requiring special consideration from a health and safety perspective ex:
o Presence of public;

o Traffic management;

o Work restrictions (work times, confined spaces); and

o Exposure to hazards (noise, dust, elevated heights).

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6. Overview of the Current Practice related to Health and Safety

6.1 At Client Level

There is no an explicit Health and Safety Code, Guideline, Manual etc, … adopted. There is, however,
“Environmental and Social Management Manual” where the Health and Safety cases are slightly
addressed. The Design Manual prepared in 2002 (now under revision) has some section on Health and
Safety.

The Road Safety Manual focuses on the Traffic Safety after the road is constructed.

There is no promptly compiled data on accident (accident by type, effect, …). No statistical analysis on the
data no data analysis for subsequent remedial measures.

The awareness on Health and Safety is rather law.

The weight given (for bid evaluation) to Environment Health and Safety is less than 1 per cent in total

The contractor is paid for what it expends in relation to Health and Safety.

ERA does not have a Health and Safety unit in its structure. It does not have a Health and Safety Specialist
Professional as well. In the structure of ERA, the Health and Safety is to be addressed in Environment and
Social Management Team.

The contract document is very shallow in its content related to Health and Safety. It does not have penalty
clauses that enable enforcement.

Faint interest towards monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the articles related to Health and
Safety

The recent measure being taken to enforce the Health and Safety articles is deducting payment allocated
for Health and Safety for non compliance. (basically wrong measure). The contractors prefer to be barred of
the payment allocated to Health and Safety instead of implementing and getting the money.

6.2 At Contractor/Consultant Level

The awareness on Health and Safety and hence the implementation appetite is rather law

6.3 At the Level of the Federal Regulatory Body

Ratified the International Convention

Occupational Health and Safety Directives has been prepared

Very poor follow-up and updating and upgrading of the regulatory documents.

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7. Critical Areas of Improvement
From the discussions made in the document, the following points are recommended as critical areas of
improvement. The recommendations are few (ABC’s of Integrated Safety and Health Management) that
are relatively simple to implement and of high potential impact in the area of concern.

1. Prepare and/or Adopt Safety and Health Code. Given the regulatory frameworks, ERA
needs to prepare an Occupational Health and Safety Management Document (particularly
pertinent to the Road Sector) by working in cooperation with the responsible institutions.
Anything short of this will make the effort made by all project partners fruitless.

2. Give more weight to Health and Safety during preparation of Bid Document (for both
construction and consultancy). The weight to be given to Safety and Health may focus on:
performance on past projects; plan preparation for projects under bid; and certification for
company culture in relation to Safety and Health.

3. Incorporate a Health and Safety Unit in ERA’s structure and in the contracting Firms. Train
or employ Health and Safety Specialists as well. Develop strong follow-up and
enforcement mechanism.

4. Strengthen the contract document in such a way that the aforementioned

recommendations are properly addressed.

5. Train Contractors, Consultants, and Professionals.

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Annex1: Check List for Safe Operation and Handling of Transport, Earth-moving and
Materials-handling Equipment

General provisions

1. All vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should:

(a) be of good design and construction taking into account as far as possible ergonomic principles
particularly with reference to the seat;
(b) be maintained in good working order;
(c) be properly used with due regard to safety and health;
(d) be operated by workers who have received appropriate training in accordance with
national laws and regulations.

2. The drivers and operators of vehicles and earthmoving or materials handling equipment should be
medically fit, trained and tested and of a prescribed minimum age as required by national laws and
regulations.

3. On all construction sites on which vehicles, earthmoving or materials handling equipment are used:

(a) safe and suitable access ways should be provided for them;
(b) traffic should be so organized and controlled as to secure their safe operation.

4. Adequate signaling or other control arrangements or devices should be

provided to guard against danger from the movement of vehicles and earth-moving or materials-
handling equipment. Special safety precautions should be taken for vehicles and equipment when
maneuvering backwards.

5. The assistance of a trained and authorized signaler should be available when the view of the driver or
operator is restricted. The signaling code should be understood by all involved.

6. When earth-moving or materials-handling equipment is required to operate in dangerous proximity to

live electrical conductors, adequate precautions should be taken, such as isolating the electrical supply
or erecting overhead barriers of a safe height.

7. Preventive measures should be taken to avoid the fall of vehicles and earth-moving or materials-
handling equipment into excavations or into water.

8. Vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should not travel on bridges, viaducts,
embankments, etc., unless it has been established that it is safe to do so.

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9. Where appropriate, earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should be fitted with structures
designed to protect the operator from being crushed, should the machine overturn, and from falling
material.

10. All vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should be provided with a plate or the
like indicating:

(a) the gross laden weight;

(b) the maximum axle weight or, in the case of caterpillar equipment, ground pressure;
(c) the tare weight.

11. All vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should be equipped with:

(a) an electrically operated acoustic signaling device;

(b) searchlights for forward and backward movement;
(c) power and hand brakes;
(d) tail lights;
(e) silencers;
(f) a reversing alarm.

12. Operators of vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should be adequately

protected against the weather or accidents due to impact, crushing or contact with a moving load by a
cab:

(a) which is designed and constructed in accordance with ergonomic principles and provides full
protection from adverse weather conditions;
(b) which is fully enclosed where dusty conditions are likely to be encountered;
(c) which provides the driver with a clear and unrestricted view of the area of operation;
(d) which is equipped with a direction indicator and a rear-view mirror on both sides.

13. The cab of vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should be kept at least 1 m
from a face being excavated.

14. When cranes and shovels are being moved, out of service, the boom should be in the direction of
travel and the scoop or bucket should be raised and without load, except when travelling downhill.

15. On earth-moving and materials-handling equipment, motors, brakes, steering gear, chassis, blades,
blade-holders, tracks, wire ropes, sheaves, hydraulic mechanisms, transmissions, bolts and other parts
on which safety depends should be inspected daily.

16. Vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment should not be left on a slope with the
engine running.

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17. Deck plates and steps of vehicles and equipment should be kept free from oil, grease, mud or other
slippery substances.

18. Dredge-type excavators should not be used on earth walls more than 1 m higher than the reach of the
excavator if they are installed at the bottom of the wall.

19. Bucket excavators should not be used at the top or bottom of earth walls with a slope exceeding 60.

Power shovels, excavators

1. If necessary to prevent danger during inspection or repair, the jib of power shovels should be
equipped with a ladder protected by a guard-rail and toe-board.

2. Brake pedals for all motions on power shovels should have two independent locking devices.

3. Power shovels should be equipped with an emergency quick-acting stop device independent of the
controls.

4. Excavators that are equipped with a unit for deep digging should either be so designed that the
bucket teeth cannot come nearer the boom than 40 cm or be provided with a reliable stop that
prevents this from happening.

5. Excavators that are designed to be used for lifting with lifting gear should be provided with a plate
in the cabin and on the boom bearing a clearly legible and durable text giving the maximum safe
working load of the lifting gear fitted.

6. Excavators that are equipped for use as mobile cranes should:

(a) be examined and tested in accordance with national laws and regulations for mobile cranes;
(b) be fitted with an automatic safe working load indicator, when practicable.

Bulldozers

1. Before leaving a bulldozer the operator should:

(a) apply the brakes;
(b) lower the blade and ripper;
(c) put the shift lever in neutral.

2. At the close of work bulldozers should be left on level ground.

3. When a bulldozer is moving uphill the blade should be kept low.

4. Bulldozer blades should not be used as brakes except in an emergency.

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Scrapers
1. The tractor and scrapers should be joined by a safety line when in operation.

2. Scraper bowls should be propped while blades are being replaced.

3. Scrapers moving downhill should be left in gear.

Mobile asphalt layers and finishers

1. The mixer elevator should be within a wooden or sheet-metal enclosure which should have a
window for observation, lubrication and maintenance.

2. Bitumen scoops should have adequate covers.

3. The sprayer should be provided with a fire-resisting shield with an observation window.

4. To avoid fire risks due to foaming:

(a) boilers should have a device that prevents foam from reaching the burners; or
(b) only non-foaming products should be used.

5. When asphalt plants are working on public roads, an adequate traffic control system should be
established and reflective jackets provided for the workers.

6. A sufficient number of fire extinguishers should be kept in readiness on the worksite, including at
least two on the spreader.

7. Material should only be loaded on to the elevator after the drying drum has warmed up.

8. No naked flame should be used for ascertaining the level of asphalt in the tank.

9. Thinners (cut-backs) should not be heated over an open flame.

10. If a burner flame is extinguished:

(a) the fuel supply should be cut off,

(b) the heating tube should be thoroughly blown out by the fan so as to prevent a backfire.

11. Inspection openings should not be opened while there is any pressure in the boiler.
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Pavers
1. Pavers should be equipped with guards that prevent workers from walking under the skip.

Road rollers
1. Before a road roller is used the ground should be examined for bearing capacity and general
safety, especially at the edges of slopes such as embankments.

2. Rollers should not move downhill with the engine out of gear.

3. When a roller is not in use:

(a) the brakes should be applied;

(b) the engine should be put into bottom gear if the roller is facing uphill;
(c) the engine should be put into reverse if the roller is facing downhill;
(d) the contact should be switched off;
(e) the wheels should be blocked.