RESEARCH 2

Quarter 1 – Content 4
Research Process
I. Introductory Message
Research process involves series of systematic and scientific steps to
gather information, analyze data and discover facts to come up with a valid
conclusion or findings. Chapter 1 (Introduction) of the research paper
involves several parts which will be enumerated in this module and the
succeeding modules. The main goal of this module is for you to be able to
identify a workable research problem.

II. Learning Objectives:

At the end of the module you are expected to:
1. List the characteristics of a good research problem.
2. Identify sources of a research problem.
3. Describe research objectives.
4. Differentiate introduction and background of the study in a research
paper.

My dear students, this module contains new sets of lesson.

Again, you will answer the pre-test first. Write your answers
on your research notebook indicating the title Module 3-
pretest.

III. Pre Test

1. Which of the following describes an interesting problem?
a. It attracts the attention of the investigator
b. It restructures an old problem to make it new
c. It can be measured using statistical tools
d. It is relevant to the needs of the people
2. The following could be a source of a research problem EXCEPT:
 a. mans needs and demands
b. research journals
c. existing and past researches
d. personal desire
3. A researcher must work on something that is close to his heart or his passion so it will
drive him to finish his work. It describes which criteria of research?
a. interesting c. innovative
b. cost effective d. measurable
4. It gives the reader a glimpse of what the study is all about
a. introduction c. statement of the problem
b. background of the study d. objectives of the study
5. A part of the research paper which enumerates the circumstances that leads to the conduct
of research
a. introduction c. statement of the problem
b. background of the study d. objectives of the study

Let us have the lesson 1.

Are you ready to learn?
Let’s begin.

IV. Learning Activities

Activity 1: What’s the Problem?

Objectives:
1. Describe the characteristics of a good research problem.
2. Enumerate the sources of research problem.
3. Write an appropriate research title from the given scenario.

Elicit
Directions: Study the set of pictures below and write the word that is
conveyed by the pictures in your notebook.
1.

__ __ __ B __ __ __

2.

__ I __ __ __

Engage
Directions: Study the pictures below. Write 2 or 3 sentences that you
perceive from the picture in your notebook.
 Excellent! From the two exercises you
will be able to tell that the lesson will
focus on Research problem. Let’s
continue..

Explore
Directions: Consider the following short sentences claiming to be research
problem. Decide whether they are researchable and feasible and give your
reasons. Write the answer on your research notebook. Read the selection
that follows for some hints.
1. An enquiry into the history of the building of the Great wall of China.
2. The impact of train law on the economy of the Philippines.
3. The relationship between temperature, humidity and air movement in
the cooling effect of sweating on the human skin.
4. A study of how hospital patients’ recovery is affected by the color of
their surroundings and how they react to the effects of different light
levels after major operations.
5. What factors must be evaluated and what is their relative importance
in constructing a formula for allowing grants to university students in
Camarines Norte?

A research problem is a definite or clear expression [statement] about

an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be
eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in
theory, or within existing practice that points to a need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation.
An investigator knows that a problem is really researchable when:
1. There is no known solution to the problem
2. The solution can be answered by using statistical methods and
techniques
3. There are probable solutions but they are not yet tested.
4. The occurrence of phenomena require scientific investigation to arrive
at precise solution.
A good research problem should be:
S – smart
M – measurable
 A – achievable/attainable
R – realistic
T – time bound

Explain
Directions: Answer the following questions in your research notebook.
1. What is a research problem?
2. Describe the characteristics of a good research problem.
3. Enumerate some possible sources of research problem.

Nice work! Let us now sum up the lesson by

reading the elaborate part.

Elaborate:
Remember that:
 A good research problem should be SMART
 Criteria of a good research problem
 Interesting
 Relevant to the needs of the people
 Innovative
 Cost-effective
 Measurable and time-bound
 Sources of Research Problem
o man’s problems and demand
o specialization of the researcher
o existing and past researches

Valuing: Recognizing a problem is the start of research process.

It is important to have a good research problem to address existing
problems and enhance the quality of life. Similarly in our lives we
encounter problems. The moment that we recognize those problems is
the start of finding solution for us to feel at ease or at peace.
F. Evaluate: True/false.
Directions: Read the sentences below. Write true if the statement is correct
and false if the statement is false.
1. Research starts with a problem.
2. Researcher’s forte or field of expertise is essential in developing
research problem.
3. A good research problem should be able to help develop good living
condition of people.
4. A good research problem must be aligned with the specification and
desire of the researcher regardless of its cost and relevance.
5. There is a known herbal medicine in your area that was believe to cure
wound faster and no known study was made out of this thus, this
make a good research problem.

Extend:
Direction: Answer the question below in your notebook.
Is a research problem the same as a research title? Why?

This is the end of lesson 1.

Congratulations!
 Activity 2: Introduction and Background

Objective:
1. Describe introduction and background of the study of a research
paper.
2. Differentiate introduction from background of the study.
3. Identify pointers on how to write introduction and background of
the study properly.

Elicit:

Reading books or any piece of

literature is a part of students’ life
right? What if you need to deliver a
bulk amount of information on a
specific topic? Could it still be
considered as literature or not? It is
actually a research paper.

Engage
Direction: Arrange the jumbled letter to get the correct term. The
description was given for every jumbled letter.

TONIRCODITUC

DUCKROGABN FO HET YDUTS

Explore
Directions: Read the sentences below. Identify pointers on how to write
introduction and background of the study properly by checking the box
before the sentence.

PART A – Introduction

Part B – Background of the Study

To make the introduction more understandable, authors can

divide it in four parts:

 Establish the importance of the topic.

 Discuss previous and/or current research in the field.
 Identify the problem and explain the approach taken to
address it.
 Briefly describe the present paper.
https://www.enago.com/academy/top-three-tips-for-writing-a-good-introduction/

Concisely summarized background information leads to the identification of

specific scientific knowledge gaps that still exist. 

What is background of study? The background of the study is a part of a

research provided in the introduction section of the paper. The
background of the study is a compilation of adequate information that is
based on the analysis of the problem or proposed argument, the steps
and methods needed to arrive at the design and the implementation of
the results achieved and feasible solutions. It is different from the
introduction. The introduction only contains the preliminary information
about your research question, or thesis topic and readers will be learning
in your paper. It is simply and overviews the research question or thesis
topic. But the background of your study is more in-depth and explains why
your research topic or thesis is worth the time of your readers. Your paper
background of study will provide your readers with context to the
information talked about throughout your research paper. It can include
both relevant and essential studies. Read
more: https://www.legit.ng/1174941-background-study-research-write-
2020.html

A writing format You can follow this format when you are writing your
background of the study: Begin by giving a general overview of your thesis
topic and introduce the main ideas you will be making use of throughout
your thesis. Then, give the detailed and precise information about all the
methodologies used in the research. This can take up to several
paragraphs depending on the individual and research question or thesis
topic. Cite your sources where necessary to avoid plagiarism. Then you
can introduce the experiment by describing your choice of methodology
briefly, why you have decided to use this methodology instead of others
and the objective of the methodology. Read
more: https://www.legit.ng/1174941-background-study-research-write-
2020.html

What Makes the Introduction Different from

the Background?
Your introduction is different from your background in a number
of ways. First, the introduction contains preliminary data about
your topic that the reader will most likely read. Secondly, the
background of your study discusses in depth about the topic,
whereas the introduction only gives an overview. Lastly, your
introduction should end with your research questions, aims, and
objectives, whereas your background should not (except in some
cases where your background is integrated into your introduction).
For instance, the C.A.R.S. (Creating a Research Space) model,
created by John Swales is based on his analysis of journal articles.
This model attempts to explain and describe the organizational
pattern of writing the introduction in social sciences.
https://www.enago.com/academy/what-is-background-in-a-research-paper/

EXPLAIN:
Direction: Read the two paragraphs below. Decide which paragraph
contains information for introduction and which one for background of the
study.

Paragraph A
The occurrence of pests and diseases poses a major constraint to
banana production in the Philippines and other South East Asian countries.
The problem may not be pronounced in the region since a number of pests
and diseases have co-evolved with the crop. The emergence of virulent
forms of diseases in this part of the globe and their rapid spread to other
countries now threaten world production of banana plantains. One major
postharvest disease that adversely affects the quality of the fruit is
anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae (Berk and Curt) Arx. (INIBAP<
1996)

Paragraph B
The Philippines is a major banan-exporting country and devotes
more than 21,000 ha to the Giant Cavendish, Grande Naine, and Umala
ELABORATE

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Contains primary data or Discuss in depth the topic of your
information about the topic of your research
research
 Gives the reader an overview of the Explains to the reader why the
research. research was done.

surprised to find out how much you already know about them. Together we are going to create a
template for a research paper and discuss what you need to do to write one. (1 minute)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZxpGj5SIbs

Play the YouTube video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZxpGj5SIbs to show a humorous cartoon

version of how to begin to write an essay (or a research paper) according to Spongebob.

Think of these questions and write your opinion in your research

notebook. Do you think the characteristics of research and researcher are
the same? What made you say so?

As we go on with the lesson, you will

be able to understand the
characteristics of a researcher. Are
you ready for the activity? Let’s start.

This is where you describe briefly and clearly why you are writing the paper. The introduction
supplies sufficient background information for the reader to understand and evaluate the experiment
you did. It also supplies a rationale for the study.
Goals:
• Present the problem and the proposed solution
• Presents nature and scope of the problem investigated
• Reviews the pertinent literature to orient the reader
• States the method of the experiment
• State the principle results of the experiment
"Introduction Checklist" from: How to Write a Good Scientific Paper. Chris A. Mack. SPIE. 2018.

Introduction
  Indicate the field of the work, why this field is important, and what has already been done (with
proper citations).
 Indicate a gap, raise a research question, or challenge prior work in this territory.
 Outline the purpose and announce the present research, clearly indicating what is novel and why it
is significant.

https://guides.lib.uci.edu/c.php?g=334338&p=2249903

The introduction

An effective introduction for a paper

The introduction reproduced here exhibits the four components that readers find useful as they begin to read a paper.

In the Introduction section, state the motivation for the work presented in your paper and
prepare readers for the structure of the paper. Write four components, probably (but not
necessarily) in four paragraphs: context, need, task, and object of the document.

 First, provide some context to orient those readers who are less familiar with your topic
and to establish the importance of your work.
 Second, state the need for your work, as an opposition between what the scientific
community currently has and what it wants.
 Third, indicate what you have done in an effort to address the need (this is the task).
 Finally, preview the remainder of the paper to mentally prepare readers for its structure,
in the object of the document.

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/scientific-papers-13815490/

D. Explain:
1. Which material is a sample of introduction?
2. Why do you say so?
3. Describe the introduction.
4. What is the function of introduction?
5. Which material is the background of the study?
6. Why do you say so?
7. Describe the background of the study.
8. Differentiate introduction from the background of the study.