History Notes By Aayan Yousuf

Early Problems
Accession of Princely States:
• Dir,Swat,Chitral and Hunza joined Pakistan.
• Bhawalpur also joined Pakistan.

Issue of Kashmir:
• Largest Princly state.
• It has stategic importance.
• Maharaja was Hindu and majority population was Muslim.
• Sep 1947 a campaign was started to drive muslims out of Kashmir.
• There was a war between the Indian and local people .
• 31st Dec 1948, a complaint was filled in UNO
• Cease fire was arranged.

Issue of Jungadh:
• 300 miles South of Karachi.
• Population was non muslims.
• After Independence Jungadh announced their accession with Paksitan but
Indian government refused to accept it.
• As economic blockade of Jungadh was imposed and states were
surrounded by Indian force.
• By the end of October 1947,ruler was forced to leave the state
• 9th Nov 1947 Indian army occupied the state.

Issue of Hyderabad
• Largest Princly state.
• Population of 160 million
• Population was Hindu but the ruler was muslim
 • In august 1948 Hyderabad filed a complaint before the UNO.
• 13th sep Indian Troops entered Hyderabad and dismantled the state.

Canal Water Dispute:

• 1st April 1948,India stopped the water supply of Ravi and Sutlej.
• Pakistan wanted to settle this matter by international court, but
Indian refused.
• 19th sep 1960 Indus Water Treaty was signed.
• Pakistan was given Indus,Jehlum,Chenab
• 2 dams 5 barrages and 8 link canals.

Refugee Problems and Accomidation problem:

• Millions of people found themselves living in the wrong country.
• Worlds largest Migration took place.
• Millions of men,women and children died due to violence and
long journey.
• Nearly 20 million people were homeless and jobless.

Divison of Military assets:

• Assets were divided in a ratio of 65% and 35% in India favour
• There were 16 ordinance factory and none was given to Pakistan.
• 60 million were given to Pakistan.
• 4000 officers were needed but 2500 were given.
• Useless,scrap and outdated.

Divison of Financial assets

• Cash balance of 4 billion
• 750 million was the share of Pakistan
• 200 million were given
• 500 million were given due to Gandhis hunger strike
• 50 million still not paid
Issue of National Language
• Controversy between East and West Pakistan
• In march 1948, while addressing at dhakka Jinnah declared Urdu as national
langusge.
• This matter exploted when Jinnah died.
• Due to culture,language and lifestyle problem