WELCOME

Beginnings of Indian Nationalism

Such a convergence of the people of diverse faith and persuasions
made it unique in the history of resistance.

Politically, the struggle of the peasants caught the imagination of the

Calcutta Bengali intelligentsia, and therefore the welfare of the
peasants became part of their stated political goals.
 Indian National Congress

• The new Indian middle classes

slowly grew tired of the injustice of
British rule,

• 1885 – a large group of these new

Indian nationalists founded the
Indian National Congress (INC) to
pressure colonial leaders for more
rights and greater self-rule and
independence.
Political Liberalization and Autonomy
Unity of Muslims and Hindus was a threat
• Bengal was geographically as large as France and had a significantly
larger population
• Eastern Region was neglected
• An Improved administration could be established in the east
Partition was supported by the Muslims

• Their poor economic condition

• Dominance by Hindu Businessman and landlords
• Factories and Mills were established in and around Calcutta
 Hindu community thought…….
• To curtail Hindu demand for political representation

• Violent, non violent protests, boycotts, swadesi movement and even

an assassination

• Banglar mati Banglar Jol by Rabindranath Tagore

The All-India Muslim League (AIML) in
1906

The AIML Conference in 1906, held at the Ahsan Manzil palace of the Dhaka Nawab Family, laid the foundation of
the Muslim League.
Reunited Bengal in 1911
Dhaka University
WELCOME
Muhammad Allama Iqbal, the poet
philosopher……..
 Two Nations Theory in 1940
-Hindu and the Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies,
social customs and literature

-they belong to two different civilizations that are based mainly on

conflicting ideas and conception

-Hindu and Muslims are inspired from different sources of history

Indian Provincial Election over Pakistan
Issue,1946
Partition and independence, 1947
 Pakistan
• Western Punjab, Sind, and possibly the north West frontier and
Baluchistan with a population of 25 million (18 million muslims)
• Eastern Bengal and Sylhet district of Assam with a population of 44
million (31 million Muslims)
• The Indian Union or Hindustan ,covering the rest of British India

• Is this the end of Partition…?

• The Princes 'states would join one or other federation ,or possibly
proclaim their separate independence

• What about Bengal …..!!!!!!?

Basic Maps of the Partition
Impact and Aftermath of Partition

Left: Refugee train of Sikhs heading to India

Right: Man carrying wife and family across the border.
Thank You
Welcome
Winston Churchill : The Imperial Monster
British Air Force and The United States Army
Air Force

• 500000 German civilians and refuges

• 700000 phosphorous bombs

Toward Indians
Churchill loved wars and had a particular hatred for Indian
people
I hate Indians. They are beastly people with
beastly religion
Bengal Famine (1943)
Churchill was eager to see M. K. Gandhi is
killed

• If food is scarce ,why isn’t Gandhi dead yet ?

• Relief would do no good. Indians breed like rabbits and will outstrip
any available food supply.
Birds of same feather
 Hitler and Churchill : Take your peak

• Racist and killers

• Both love wars and had a peculiar hatred for Indian people
• If I were a prime minister of great Britain , one of the first things on
my list would be the removal of memorials of racist minded, racist
imperialist. The statues of Churchill in parliament square would be the
first to come down.
Thank You