How political event

involve in creation of
Pakistan as separate
homeland for Muslim.
Two Nation Theory:
• Allam Iqbal was also a strong believer of
Hindu-Muslim unity but congress
extremism force him to change his
attitude.
• In 1930, Allam Iqbal clearly discussed
Two Nation Theory as……
• Islam code of conduct and way of life.
• Hindu –Muslim were separate nation.
• Demend of separate state.
Lahore Resolution
Lahore Resolution

 • In the year between the adoption of Lahore resolution and independence, the
Muslim population was just one quarter of the total Indian population.
 Jinnah address to the Lahore conference which eventually adopted resolution 23rd
March, inspired multitudes of Muslim to begin a permanent, unwavering freedom
movement
 • During his speech Jinnah clearly mention that Hindus and Muslim are two
distinct which could never be combined into one. Jinnah replied a Hindu
nationalism that “No Hindu can be a nationalist. Each Hindu is the first and last
Hindu”.
World War 2
World War 2

 • World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a
global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945.
 • In a state of total war, directly involving more than 100 million people from
more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic,
industrial, and scientific capabilities behind.
 British freely helped the Muslim League take advantage of this unexpected
opportunity to wield power and patronage that their electoral support did not gain
them and create support while their key opponents languished in prison. This was
all part of the divide and rule strategy, which actively fostered political differences
between Hindus and Muslims, identified as the monolithic groups they had never
been before the British.
Direct Action 1946:
Direct Action 1946:
 Cabinet Mission Plan setback also British Government and the INC being unfair Jinnah proclaimed
August 16, 1946 the Direct-Action Day.
 On the day violence news from various place spread and by 12'O Clock, everybody entered the
Ochterlony Monument.
 At 2’clock again crowd of more than 1 lack people gathered to hear Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy’s
speech.
 6 thousand people were killed & more than 20,000 got injured, nearly 1 lacks fled. That’s why the
day is often called the "Great Calcutta Killing."
 Communal abuse began on August 16, was still going on until August 21 when Viceroy Rule was
enforced. Five British Battalions, four Gurkha Battalions deployed which slowed the city movement.
Partition 1947:
 Partition 1947:
 The partition was the last minute process by British for obtaining an agreement on how independence would
take place.
 When British took India to war without consultation Congress opposed it. Which led to India quit campaign
for that Ghandhi,Nehru,others were jailed.
 British needed local allies offered Muslim League political safeguard in exchange for support. For which in
1940 Pakistan Muslim League wanted separate state.
 After the war British inability to operate British India offered a deadline for the transition of power. Which
failed because both Congress & Muslim league declined.
 March 1947, Lord Louis Mountbatten, arrived in Delhi & forcedly declared independence to states
separately.
 Pakistan celebrated independence on August 14 & India the following day.
 Partition caused protest death & migration which killed 200,000 to 2 million people. Up to 100,000 women
were raped & kidnaped.
 Muslims remained the largest minority community. The two states crashed over Jammu and Kashmir
territories in 1947-8. Present day they are still fighting.