Laboratory No.

7
Level control
Name of the members: Nogales Núñez Nicol.
College: Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”
Teacher's name: Ing. Fernando Vargas Fernandez
Code and name of the discipline: IND-203 (Automated Processes)
Department of Mechatronic and Industrial Engineering
Date of realization: 21/04/2020.
1.- Using three electrodes ("ES" = highest; "Ei" = lowest; "ER"
=reference), and a relay controls the level of a water tank for
manual and automatic mode.

Connection mode

force
The control of the water level in tanks or tanks can be done with an
electric float or electron level, where the positioning is used to
calculate the level, that is, according to the position of the same,
the flow is opened or closed.
Draw the control and command and circuit When the float is vertical or tilted upward, the circuit is opened
preventing water from passing. If the float is horizontal or with a
downward inclination, the pump will start to allow water to enter
and thus fill the tank completely. Its working angle adjusts to the
height of the contact, thanks to the intermediary that is the
contactor and its respective thermal relay
For operation in manual mode, the selector key is selected in
manual mode, making the operation of the pump on and off by
means of start and stop buttons, the electric float does not perform
any function or intervenes in the system.

3.- Design and automate the following process

The first part begins with an automatic signal by means of the
selector key to make the operation of the pump medium by the
electrodes. By putting the selector key in automatic mode, the
water pump begins to work the tank process, which at the same
time the level relay is in operation to detect the load levels.
You want to control the water level of a 1000-liter tank located in
a building, the same one that connects to a saguapac well, take
into account two levels in the tank and a maximum level in the
well, use an electric float to well and level relay for the tank.
Consider manual and automatic working modes in addition to
pilot lights that indicate the operation of the water pump and the
maximum level.
Note: The circuit will not work if there is no water in the well
since the water pump cannot work in vacuum.

The first sensor is placed inside the water tank is called a reference
electrode, which is the one that allows the differentiation of signals
that are sent to the level relay. During the shipment of the tank, the
first electrode to detect the lower level level (ER), then the second
lower level level (Ei) and finally, the upper level electrode (ES)
that detects the maximum level of water that the tank must have
and sends a signal to the level relay to stop pump operation. In
order to return to the normal cycle of operation, a level reduction
occurs, which is detected firstly by the electrode sensor (ES),
which will not undergo any operation by the level relay, later on
detection, the decrease in water level is the electrode. (ER), the
one that sends a signal to the level relay and this at the same time
that sends another signal to the contactor so that it allows the pump
to work again. For operation in manual mode, select the selector
key in manual mode, making the operation of on and off of the
pump is carried out through start and stop buttons, the level relay
together with its electrodes without exercising any function.

2.- Using an electric float, controls the water level of a tank.

Draw the command and force control circuit, consider manual 3.1.- Draw the control and command and circuit
and automatic mode.
 For the specific case of pumping drinking water, the most
recommended and safest option is the use of pump control by
electronic levels (for the tank) and electric float (the cistern or
well). It consists of a controller that interprets the signals from the
electrodes (in this case two levels) placed both in the cistern and
in the elevated tank. These have a small voltage signal that travels
between the electrodes through the water, and whose conduction
is interpreted as high level, while when there is no conduction it is
interpreted as absence of water or low level.
The controller continuously monitors the water level and to fix the
pump motor requires 2 conditions: that the tank has water (electric
float up) and that when the well is empty (circuit without
continuity). If any of the 2 conditions change (i.e. if the cistern is
empty or if the raised tank is full), the water pump stops, thus
ensuring that the pump will never run empty (without water) nor
will water spill unless there is a fault (broken or shorted
conductors). The controller commands to start or stop the pump
by means of a level relay that supplies the system. This model has
pilot light signaling to indicate levels, as well as pump status (on /
off).

- Conclusions
In conclusion we can define that the level controls are hydraulic
devices or structures whose purpose is to guarantee the water level
in a pre-established range of variation. There are different types of
level controllers, depending on whether they are: canals, treatment
plants, water storage tanks or a reservoir. The novelty of this new
laboratory allows us to recognize the use of an electric float and a
level relay with electrodes, both with the objective of measuring
the level but with different drive functionality.