Laboratory no.

3 Starting a motor with limit

switch; Starting a motor with timer on
connection; Sequential start of three motors
with time intervals of 3 seconds.
Name of the members: Nogales Núñez Nicol.
College: Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”
Teacher's name: Ing. Fernando Vargas Fernandez
Code and name of the discipline: IND-203 (Automated Processes)
Department of Mechatronic and Industrial Engineering
Date of realization: 23/03/2020
 - Theory of the three circuits:

1. Starting a motor with limit switch

In the motor start circuit with limit switch, the devices used are: a
three-phase thermomagnetic circuit breaker, a single-phase
thermomagnetic circuit breaker, a start button, a stop button, a
limit switch device, a motor, a contactor, an auxiliary contactor
and a thermal relay. The main operation consists of activating or
deactivating motors, cylinders or valves but with the help of the
limit switch device, which is an electromechanical sensor, where
the human hand should not or cannot reach, because they have
been designed to offer an answer binary, they have two typical
positions, open (NO) and closed (NC). It is Positive when the
sensor is activated by giving a signal to the control object raises
the axis of the sensor and connects the object with the NC contact.
On the other hand, it is negative when the opposite happens than
in the previous one, that is, the axis goes down, forcing the spring
and closing the circuit. These types of elements can be seen on
sliding doors, elevators, conveyor belts or even up to a robot arm.

2. Starting a motor with timer on connection

In the starting circuit of a motor with a timer on, it has the
following devices: a three-phase thermomagnetic circuit breaker,
single-phase thermomagnetic circuit breaker, a contactor, an
auxiliary contactor, motor, timer and a selector key. The use of the
selector key is of vital importance since it uses a timer for the
connection, so the use of this selector key allows the supply of a
constant current signal, which the start buttons cannot offer. The
operation consists of the motor being activated automatically after
the second seconds set by the operator.
The peculiarity of this circuit is that it has a built-in device called
a timer, which allows you to activate or deactivate the current
flow as a function of time. The element can be started in a variable
way according to the desired operator, there are several work
ranges such as seconds, minutes or even days. In industries it is
possible to see this type of circuits in: industrial furnaces,
stamping machine or even the detonation of explosives in mining.
3. Sequential start of three motors with time intervals of 3
seconds.
In the sequential starting of three motors with time intervals of
three seconds, it consists of the following devices: three-phase
thermomagnetic circuit breaker, single-phase thermomagnetic
circuit breaker, a start button, a stop button, a pilot light in the
event of an overload , three motors, three contactors, three
auxiliary contactors, one thermal relay, two timers. - Describe the technical data of all the devices used in each of
The characteristic in this circuit is the use of timers (they allow the armed circuits.
the passage of current as a function of time), when the
requirement requires starting by time, its use is necessary, it has No
Devices Characteristics
the function of being an electronic controller. The didactic of this . Observa
circuit begins by pressing the start button that will send a signal to Emergency Allows the system to be cut
1 1 Unit/R
the contactor so that motor number one works with the first timer, button instantly/10A
a time passes and contactor number two activates giving a signal Lets the biphasic current go if
Single-phasic
to motor number two together with timer number two and motor it’s closed and it closes itself
2 thermomagneti
number three is finally activated. The work is purely sequential if there is a short circuit.
c relay  
depending on the timers and the stop button is used for the 220VCA/ 6A
disconnection. If there is an overload (failure in the pilot light), As the nomina
the thermal relay operates and, thanks to "reset", the reset is Three-phase Lets the three-phase current go the motor is 0.
performed and it is operated again. 3 thermomagneti if it’s closed and it closes into account oth
Its applications range from the starting sequence of filling water c relay itself if there is a short circuit. it is recommend
tanks by pumps, air injectors and cylinder opening. power of 6A th

- Place the images of the three automatic circuits

Lets the three-phase current go
4 Contactor when the biphasic current is  
flowing. 3HP/ 4KW - 9 KW

5 Motor drive Three-phase, 0.25HP/380VCA  

 Auxiliary Keeps the current flowing with
6 When the timer receives an
contact a pulse
activation pulse, the programmed  
Closes the current flow when Connectio time begins to run, once this time
1
there is and overcharge and n timer has elapsed, the contacts are
7 Thermal relay activated or deactivated as the
then shorts its normally open
poles. 1A-1.3A case may be.

It is recommended to size
The power circuit cable is the circuit with one of 1.5 This type works in reverse  
Power circuit
8 charge of conducting the high mm2, despite the fact that because the pulse must always be
cable
voltage. 1.5 mm2 the calculations say with active and when for some reason
the signal is interrupted, the timer
The command control cable is Disconnect begins to count the programmed
2
Remote control in charge of conducting the timer time, when the time is complete
9 the contacts are changed. If for
cable electric current. Sized in 1
mm2 any reason the pulse is
reactivated before the count has
Pilot light is responsible for finished, it is reset until the pulse
informing the operator if the is again missing.
10 Pilot light Red in case of overcurrent
machine is running or a fault
occurs. 10A
In these timers the output
Normally 1 Unit/Green.  
Lets the biphasic current go diagram has a waveform 0 and 1
11 opened push two push buttons to create a
when pushed/10 A all the time, that is, for a time t
button left and right side simulation
the contacts remain activated and
Normally after a time T, which may be the
Cuts the current flow when
12 closed push Intermitten same as the previous or different,
pushed/10A 3
button t timer the contacts are deactivated . The
Key selector Opens or shorts the current Used for the electrical signal main feature is that the timer is
13
switch flow depending of its position supply of the timer. doing this for as long as we have
Contact sensors are electrical, current in the coil. Contacts are
pneumatic or mechanical switched on and off intermittently
14 Limit switch devices that are located at the and continuously.
sensors end of the path of an object or
moving element.  
The on-off timer works by
It is a device with which we activating a signal after a time,  
can regulate the connection or For the sequential On-off
start of
4 previously established by the
disconnection of an electrical timer
three motors with timer,
15 Timer operator, is automatically
circuit after a time has been devices were used up to a deactivated without a signal
programmed. Time:1.2 to 30 time of 60 minutes
seconds
Timer clock type is a small device
that opens and closes an
- Technically describe the 5 types of timers learned in class
electrical circuit automatically
Time clock
5 and for a certain real time.  
timer
Briefly, we can say that it allows
us to program the on and off of
different devices in a simple way.

- Conclusions

Within industrial automation, there are many electronic devices that

facilitate production processes. In this case, a limit switch device is a sensor
that detects the position of a moving element by mechanical actuation. Thus,
in addition to being the most installed sensors in the world, they are still
contact sensors that need to be in contact with the object to detect the arrival
of a moving element at a certain position.

Likewise, a timer allows you to have a high precision of repetition,

microprocessor control, high resistance to parasitic tension, robust output
contacts, easy-to-understand front panel, simple assembly and regulation
and virtually all the voltages and frequencies in the world are found.

-Bibliographic reference
Nro Basic Timers
Timer type Functioning Symbology
https://repositorio.espe.edu.ec/bitstream/21000/4422/1/M-ESPEL-0043.pdf
.
https://electronicavm.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/temporizadores-
bc3a1sicos.pdf
https://www.acomee.com.mx/clasificaciones/SENSOR%20FINAL%20DE
%20CARRERA.pdf