OPERATING MANUAL

1 Ph Electro-Mechanical
Over Voltage
Relay Setup

TECHNOSYS SYSTEMS
B-16-B ,Satya Nagar, Jhotwara,
Jaipur – 12, Rajasthan India
Tel No. 0141-2341964 FAX 0141-5126087
E-MAIL : admin@technosysondia.net ,
info@technosysindia.net
www.technosysindia.net
 ELECTROMECHANICAL BASED OVER VOLTAGE RELAY

INTRODUCTION

Objectives of protection system

In a power system consisting of generators, transformers, transmission and distribution circuits, it is inevitable that
some failure will occur somewhere in the system. When a failure occurs in any part of the system, it must be quickly
detected and disconnected from the system.

There are two principal reasons for it. Firstly, if the fault is not cleared quickly, it may cause unnecessary
interruption of service to the customers. Secondly, rapid disconnection of faulted apparatus limits the amount of
damage to it and prevents the effect of fault from spreading into the system. The detection of a fault and
disconnection of a faulty section or apparatus can be achieved by using fuses or relays in conjunction with circuit
breakers.

BASICS OF SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION SYSTEM

Switchgear
Refers to various equipment associated with switching of electrical plants and circuits during normal and abnormal
conditions.

Protective Relay
Refers to various subsystems associated with sensing the abnormal operating condition in an electrical plant and
consequent alarm, indication and tripping commands to circuit breaker.

Principle of operation

The Protective Relays are connected in the secondary circuits of current transformers and/or potential transformers.
The Relay senses the abnormal condition and closes the trip circuit of associated circuit breaker.

Abnormal Condition
* Over loads
* Loss of synchronism
* Under voltage, Over voltage
* Under frequency
* Reversal of direction of power flow
* Poor power factor
* Voltage swings and Current swings
* Temperature rise
* Lightning and Switching surges

BASICS OF ELECTRO MECHANICAL TYPE RELAYS

Types of construction
* Attracted armature type
* Balanced beam
* Induction disc
* Moving Coil or Moving Iron
* Gas operated (Buchholz)
Principle of operation

The Electro mechanical type relay has a coil as a moving component and this coil moves in a electromagnet. The
upper electromagnet consists of three limbs which carries winding, which act as a primary and the winding in the
lower electromagnet act as a secondary. The flux produced in the winding will displace each other produces eddy
current which causes the disc to rotate. When input voltage to the relay is above the value, the relay operates and
the disc rotates to short circuit the trip circuit terminals.

Basic terms related to Electro Mechanical type Relay

Energizing quantity
It is an electrical quantity that may be current or voltage, required for the operation of the relay.

Trip circuit
It is a circuit that controls the circuit breaker for opening operation.

Characteristic quantity
This is a quantity to which the relay is designed to respond.

Operating Force or Torque

It is a force which tends to close the relay.

Restraining Force
It is a force which opposes the operating force and tends to prevent closure of contacts.

Power consumption or Burden of relay

It is the power consumed by the Relay. The unit of power is Volt Ampere for Direct Current and Watts for Alternating
Current.

Operating or Pickup level

The value above threshold and closure of contacts.

Dropout or Reset level

The value below threshold and opening contacts.

Flag or Target
It is a visual device usually spring or gravity operated to indicate relay operation.

Maximum Torque angle

This is design angle of the relay that will yield maximum torque.

Fault clearing time

It is the time between occurrence of fault and opening of breaker (after final arc extinction).

Breaker time
It is the time between closure of trip circuit and final arc extinction in circuit breaker.
Relay time
It is the time between occurrence of fault and closure of relay contacts.

Plug setting is used to set the set value (Plug setting voltage). In case of over current relay by including more
number of turns ampere turns are increased. By using the plug we can set the plug setting voltage.

Time setting
Time setting is adjusted by varying angle between fixed contact and moving contact.

Time characteristics of protective relays

The graph is plotted between Operating quantity ( X axis) and Operating time ( Y axis).

Instantaneous Time Characteristic

The Relay picks up in certain shortest time without any intentional time delay. The operating time is less than 0.2
seconds.

Inverse Time Characteristic

Operating time varies inversely with respect to operating quantity. e.g. Over current protection.

IDMT Characteristic
Inverse Definite Minimum Time Characteristic is combination of both characteristics of above.

Applications of protection system

 Over current protection - Feeders, Lines, Motors, Generators, Transformer, Load circuit, Individual loads
 Earth fault protection - Feeders, Lines, Large Motors, Generators, Transformer, Load circuit
 Differential protection - Large Transformer, Motor, Generator
 Carrier current protection ( Phase comparison of carrier signals) - Feeders, Long over head lines
 CONNECTION DESCRIPTION

The basic circuit diagram is shown in figure where we can see a variac is provided to vary input voltage to relay & a
contactor is provided to create fault

The Relay is being injected fault Voltage through variac, the out put of variac are connected to the input terminals 9
and 10 of the relay

Lower limit of this relay is 110 V it means voltages beyond 110 V it will start tripping

Whenever voltage reaches beyond the voltage plug setting the relay starts tripping and disc starts rotating disc
completes its rotation and trips the circuit (the pins 3 and 4 becomes short) which in response cutoff the auxiliary
relay and system gets tripped and counter stops counting the time.

PROCEDURE TO DO THE EXPERIMENT

1. Connect the power chord at the back side of Panel.

2. Ensure that the MCB is in OFF Position
3. Select the desired plug setting of electro mechanical relay by using plug.
4. Now switch ON the power MCB and Push button ON switch of panel.
5. Increase the voltage of variac upto 190 V.
6. Reset the digital stop clock.
7. Press Start button note voltage in voltmeter you will see if voltage is greater then set voltage relay disc starts
rotating and will eventually trip the contactor note this voltage as fault voltage and time as trip time
8. Now reduce the Variac a little bit and repeat the same procedure you will find different fault voltage and time
note it down and take 5-6 readings like wise

Note:

 The relay will be operated after switching rotary fault switch ON. Otherwise the relay does not operate.
 Before doing the experiment press the reset buttons of relay and timer.
 After disc rotating is stopped then press the start button.

Observation

Plug Setting Voltage Fault Voltage Time Take

S.No.
Amp Amp seconds