LOAD DISPATCH

CENTRE
BY- SIDDHARTH KUMAR
INTRODUCTION

 The Load Dispatch centre performs Dispatch and Control Functions to ensure continuity and equality of
power supply to the consumers.

 The modern Load dispatch centre uses the SCADA system for monitoring and collecting the system data. (SCADA-
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System).

 It is further connected to 3/4 sub LDC’s which in turn are connected to major substations and generating stations,
hence LDC will get information about major changes in generating station plus whether condition information from
different locations in the state.
 State LDC is connected to regional LDC (RLDC), where RLDC monitors a whole region eg. Southern RLDC in Bangalore
monitors A.P. , Tamilnadu , Karnataka, Kerala and Pondichery .
FEATURES

The State Load Dispatch Centre shall -

• Be responsible for optimum scheduling and dispatch of electricity within a State, in accordance with the
contracts entered into with the licensees or the generating companies operating in that State;
• Monitor grid operations
• Keep accounts of the quantity of electricity transmitted through the State grid
• Exercise supervision and control over the intra-state transmission system
• Be responsible for carrying out real time operations for grid control and dispatch of electricity within the
State through secure and economic operation of the State grid in accordance with the Grid Standards
and the State Grid Code.
MAIN FUNCTIONS OF LDC
* Load generation balance and quality of supply
* Maintenance scheduling of generating units and
transmission lines
* Economic load dispatch
* Grid discipline
* Load forecasting or demand estimation
* System security and islanding facility
* Black start preparedness
* Energy distribution and load pattern study
* Communication and SCADA management
* Event analysis and preventive measures
* Coordination with neighbor grids
* Public relations and consumer interaction
SCADA IN LDC
• SCADA is a part of it. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System (SCADA) is a high tech
computer system with associated communication network that enables supervision and
control o f power system network.

• SCADA is the technology that enables a user to collect data from one or more distant
operator to stay or visit frequently to the work locations.

• It includes the man machine interface.It allows an operator to make set point changes on
distant process controllers, to open or close valve or switches, to monitor alarms to collect
measurement information
INFORMATION FLOW AT LDC
WHY SCADA….?
• Constant access to Real Time picture of entire network showing
power system voltage , frequency, MW, MVAR, etc.
• Supervision, monitoring and control of power in Real Time.
• Optimal operation of power system, i.e. generation
and associated resources.
• Minimum of outage and faster restoration of the system in the event
of Grid disturbances.
• Improvement in the quality of supply through better control of
frequency, voltage and other parameters.
• Less dependence on basic telephone system . When it comes into
existence
APPLICATION
SCADA is best applicable to processes that are spread over
large areas and it is suitable for
1. groups of small hydroelectric generating stations that are
turned on and off .
2 .oil and production facilities ,pipelines for gas , oil,
chemicals, water which are located at far distances
3 .electric transmission systems irrigation system etc.
LOAD FORECAST- TIME OF DAY LOAD
VARIATION
LOAD FORECAST(DIFFERENT DURATIONS)
* USED TO COMPARE THE DEMAND WITHIN A MONTH OR
A SEASON
DISPATCH OF POWER
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
• A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in
the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)
system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master
supervisory system to control connected objects.
RTU is a microprocessor based device that monitors and control the field devices , then
connects to SCADA.
The Load Dispatch Centre in Kalamassery uses RTU over PLC………..
RTU & PLC

Remote Terminal Unit Programmable logic Controllers

 Have Multiple input and outputs  Similarly have multiple input and outputs

 Installation cost is high  Installation cost is less

 Maintainence cost is less , hence at a later stage found  Maintainence cost is more , hence less profitable at last.
to be profitable.
 No such advantages are present.
 Other advantages are Environment tolerant, backup
services
 Requires specific software.
 Can be programmed through simple web interface
OVERVIEW
THANK YOU