By Gul Moonis Introduction Dr. Gul Moonis, MD, is a medical professional at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The author of many papers and presentations on imaging, Dr. Gul Moonis focuses on radiology and has presented many talks on the subject of temporal bone imaging. Located beneath the temple, the temporal bone is made up of four parts, which include the petrous and mastoid portions, the tympanic part, and the squama temporalis. Together, these four parts enclose the system of the inner ear. Temporal Bone The petrous and mastoid portions of the temporal bone are both heavier bones, with the petrous portion being the hardest of the temporal bone. The petrous portion is designed to prevent damage to the inner ear, while the primary function of the mastoid portion is to allow nerves, arteries, and veins a pathway through the skull. The extremely thin squama temporalis is scaly to look at, and provides a place for temporalis muscles to attach, while the tympanic part is separated from the rest of temporal bones at birth, fusing together with the remaining three parts as a human ages.