Bacteriology:

 Capsulated: S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, B. anthracis, B. pertussis,

Klebsiella, Salmonella, S. pyogens, Pasteurella, Clostridium Perfringens

 Spore forming: Bacillus, Clostridium, Coxiella burnetii, Sponosarcina

 Obligate aerobe: Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus anthracis, Bordetella

 Obligate anaerobe: Actinomycis, Bacteroids, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus

 Obligate intracellular: Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Coxiella burnetii; Virus

 Facultative intracellular: Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Listeria, Legionella, Brucella,

Salmonella, Yersinia; Trypanosoma, Trichinella, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Histoplasma

 Motile: E. coli, Vibrio, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas,

Proteus, Pseudomonas, C. tetani

 Exotoxin producing bacteria: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, B. anthracis, B.

pertusis, C. diphtheria

 Endotoxin producing bacteria: E. coli, V. Cholerae, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella,

Brucella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Neisseria

 Toxin produced by lysogenic conversion: Botulinum, Cholera, Diphtheria, Enterotoxin of

E. coli, Erythrogenic toxin, Shiga toxin

 Toxin act as superantigen: TSST, Enterotoxin of- S. aureus, S. pyogens; Erythrogenic toxin
of S. pyogens, B. cereus, C. perfringen

 Fastidious bacteria: N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitides, M. tuberculosis, M. leprae,

Haemophylus, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Actinobacillus, Bordetella, Bartonella,
Brucella, Pasturella, Fransicella, Moraxella, Legionella, HACEK group (Haemophilus
aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraprophilus, Actinobacillus, actinomycetemcomitans,
Cardiobaterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae)

 Lactose farmenter: Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter; late lactose farmenter- Serratia,

Vibrio

 Lactose non-farmenter: Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Proteus

 Urease +ve: Helicobacter, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia

 H2S production: Salmonella, Proteus

 Flagella: Peritrichous- S. typhi, Proteus; Monotrichous- Vibrio;
Amphitrichous- Pseudomonas; Lophotrichous- Spirillum serpens
 Transplacental transmission: CMV, Rubella, Parvo virus B19, HIV, T. pallidum, Listeria,
Toxoplasma, Plasmodium

 Transmission during birth or within birth canal: HBV, HCV, HSV-2, HPV, HIV, E. coli,
S. agalactiae, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, Candida

 Transmission through breast milk: HIV, HTLV, CMV, S. aureus

 Parenteral transmission: HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, CMV, Parvo virus B19, Malaria,
Syphilis

 Milk borne pathogen: M. bovis, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Brucella, Listeria

 Acute watery diarrhea: S. aureus, B. cereus, ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, Noro virus, Rota virus,
Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium hominis

 Acute bloody diarrhea: EHEC/STEC, EIEC, C. difficile, Shigella, Salmonella,

Campylobacter jejuni, Entamoeba histolytica, Yersinia enterocolitica
 Virology:
 DNA naked virus: Parvo, Polyoma (JC, BK), Papilloma (HPV), Adeno

 DNA enveloped virus: Herpes (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV), Hepadna (Hepatitis B), Pox (Small
pox, Molluscum contagiosum)

 RNA naked virus: Picorna (Polio, Rhino, Hep A); Calici (Noro/Norwalk), Reo (Rota),
HepE

 Replication of DNA virus occurs in nucleus except- Pox, Vaccinia

 DNA virus is double stranded except- Parvo virus
 Replication of RNA virus occurs in cytoplasm except- Retro, Influenza, Hep D
 RNA virus is single stranded except- Reo (Rota) virus

 Segmented RNA virus: Rota, Influenza, Bunya, Arena

 Latent infection: HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, Adeno, Parvo B19, HIV

 Chronic carrier: Hep B, Hep C, Rubella, CMV

 Slow virus: Measles (SSPE), JC virus (PML), HIV (AIDS); Prion (Kuru, CJD)

 Neurotropic virus or virus affecting nervous system: HSV, VZV, Measles, Polio, Rabies,
HIV, HTLV

 DNA oncogenic virus: HBV, HPV, EBV, HHV-8

 RNA oncogenic virus: HCV, HTLV

 Giant cell formation: HSV, VZV, CMV, Mumps, Measles, RSV, Parainfluenza
 Inclusion body formation: CMV (Owl’s eye IB), Rabies (Negri body), Herpes, Pox,
Measles

 Super antigen production: CMV, EBV, Mouse mammary tumour virus

 Infectious mononucleosis: CMV, EBV, HHV-6&7, HIV-1, Toxoplasma

 Rodent borne virus: Hanta, Lassa fever

 Virus having animal reservoirs: Rabies, Yellow fever, SARS corona, Hanta virus

 Life long immunity following natural infection: Mumps, Measles, Rubella, VZV, Small pox,
Adeno, Parvo B19, Hep A

 Humans are the only natural host: Smallpox, Measles, Rubella, Hep B

 Infections causing congenital malformation: HSV, VZV, CMV, Rubella, Parvo B19, Syphilis,
Toxoplasma

 Organism causing congenital infection: Vertically transmitted infections (transplacental

+ during birth + breast milk)

 Live attenuated vaccine: MMR, OPV (Sabin), BCG, Typhoid, VZV, Rotavirus, Influenza,
Yellow fever
 Inactivated (killed) whole-cell vaccine: Cholera, Hep A, Influenza, Polio (IPV), Rabies

 Component vaccine: Anthrax, Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus, Typhoid, Hep B, Inflluenza

(HiB), HPV, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal