FLANGES, GASKETS, PACKING AND SEALS

Introduction:

Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and
gases) from one location to another.

A piping system mainly consists of:

1. Pipes
2. Flanges
3. Gaskets
4. Bolts and nuts

FLANGES GENERAL

A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to

form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or
modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanged joints are made by
bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal.

Typical flange connection

TYPES OF FLANGES

The most used flange types in Petroleum and chemical industry are:

 Welding Neck Flange

 Slip On Flange
 Socket Weld Flange
 Lap Joint Flange
 Threaded Flange
 Blind Flange

Most common flange types

All types except the Lap Joint flange are provided with a raised flange face.

SPECIAL FLANGES

Except the flanges, which are mentioned above, there are still a number of
special flanges such as:

 Orifice Flanges
 Spectacle Blinds
 Spades and Ring Spacers
 Long Welding Neck Flanges
 Weldoflange / Nipoflange
 Expander Flange
 Reducing Flange

MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless
steel, cast iron, aluminum, brass, bronze, plastic, etc..

The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most
cases, a flange is of the same material as the pipe.

Piping Standards

 ANSI - American National Standards Institute

 ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
 DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for
Standardization)
 ISO - International Organization for Standardization
DIMENSIONS OF FLANGES

Each flange according to ASME B16.5 has a number of standard dimensions.

If a draftsman in Japan or the work preparer in Canada or a pipefitter in Australia
is speaking about a Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40 according to ASME B16.5,
then it goes over the flange which in the image here below is shown.

If the flange is ordered, the supplier wants to know the material quality. For
example ASTM A105 is a forged carbon steel flange, while A182 is a forged
stainless steel flange.

So, in a correct order to a supplier two standards must be specified:

Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40-ASME B16.5 / ASTM A105.

BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

The standard provides a methodology for control of joint making process in

ensuring leak-free performance from the flange.

The gasket is one reason for flange joint connection cannot leak.
If done properly, the assembly will remain leak-free for the target life expectancy.

FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

Disadvantages of flange connections:

 In a newly built factory is customary to minimize flange connections,

because only one weld is needed to connect two pieces of pipe.
This saves the costs of two flanges, the gasket, the stud bolts, the second
weld, the cost of NDT for the second weld, etc...
  Each flange connection can leak (some people claim that a flange
connection is never 100 percent leak proof).
 Flanged pipe systems needs much more space.
 Insulation of flanged pipe systems is more expensive.

Flange connections have great benefits; some examples:

 A new line can contain multiple pipe spools and can be manufactured in a
workshop.
 This pipe spools can be assembled in the plant without the need to be
welded.
 NDT (X-ray, Hydro test etc.) in the plant is not necessary, because this
has been done in the workshop.
 Blasting and painting in the plant is not necessary, because even this has
been done in a workshop.

PRESSURE CLASS

The Pressure Class or Rating for flanges will be given in pounds. Different
names are used to indicate a Pressure Class. For example: 150 Lb or 150 Lbs or
150# or Class 150, all means the same.

Forged steel flanges are made in seven primary ratings: 150Lbs - 300Lbs -

400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500Lbs

The concept of flange ratings: A Class 300 flange can handle more pressure
than a Class 150 flange, because a Class 300 flange is constructed with more
metal and can withstand more pressure. However, there are a number of factors
that can impact the pressure capability of a flange.

WELD NECK FLANGE

Welding Neck Flanges are easy to recognize at the long tapered hub that goes
gradually over to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting.

WELD NECK FLANGE

Socket Weld FLANGE

Socket Weld flanges were initially developed for use on small-size high pressure
piping. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength
50% greater than double-welded Slip On flanges.
 Socket Weld Flange.

Lap Joint FLANGE

Lap Joint Flanges have all the same common dimensions as any other flange
named on this page however it does not have a raised face; they are used in
conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub End".

Lap Joint Flange.

THREADED FLANGE

Threaded Flanges are used for special circumstances with their main advantage
being that they can be attached to the pipe without welding.

Threaded flange

BLIND FLANGE

Blind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of
piping, valves and pressure vessel openings.
 Blind flange

BOLT HOLE ORIENTATION

During the prefab of a flange, for example an elbow; the position of the bolt holes are of
particular importance.

All flange bolt holes straddle the centerlines

That means:

 For a vertical flange face (the flange face in the vertical and the line is horizontal)
the bolt holes should be orientated to be on the vertical and horizontal
centerlines.
 For a horizontal flange face (the flange face is horizontal and the line is vertical
above or vertical down) the bolt holes should be orientated to be on the
Plant North centerlines. See below on this page, an image of a plant north
situation.
Correct vertical position incorrect vertical position

Correct horizontal position Incorrect horizontal position

 FLANG
E FACES
Different types of flange faces are used as the contact surfaces to seat the
sealing gasket material.

ASME B16.5 and B16.47 define various types of flange facings, including the
raised face, the large male and female facings which have identical dimensions
to provide a relatively large contact area.

RAISED FACE (RF)

The raised face flange face is the most common type used in process plant
applications, and is easy to identify. It is referred to as a raised face because the
gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. This face type allows the
use of a wide combination of gasket designs, including flat ring sheet types and
metallic composites such as spiral wound and double jacketed types. The
purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more pressure on a smaller gasket area
and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint. Diameter
and height are in ASME B16.5, defined by pressure class and diameter.
Pressure rating of the flange determines the height of the raised face.

FLAT FACE (FF)

The flat face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle
face. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating
flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting.

RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

The ring type joint flanges are typically used in high pressure (Class 600 and
higher rating) and high temperature services above 800°F (427°C). They have
grooves cut into their faces to fit steel ring gaskets. The flanges seal when
tightened bolts compress the gasket between the flanges into the grooves,
deforming the gasket to make intimate contact inside the grooves, creating a
metal to metal seal.

TONGUE-AND-GROOVE (T&G)

The tongue and groove faces of these flanges must be matched. One flange
face has a raised ring (Tongue) machined onto the flange face while the mating
flange has a matching depression (Groove) machined into it's face.
These are commonly found on pump covers and valve bonnets.
Tongue-and-groove joints also have an advantage in that they are self-aligning
and act as a reservoir for the adhesive. The scarf joint keeps the axis of loading
in line with the joint and does not require a major machining operation.

MALE-AND-FEMALE (M&F)

With this type the flanges also must be matched. One flange face has an area
that extends beyond the normal flange face (Male). The other flange or mating
flange has a matching depression (Female) machined into its face.
The female face is 3/16-inch deep, the male face is 1/4-inch high, and both are
smooth finished. The outer diameter of the female face acts to locate and retain
the gasket. Custom male and female facings are commonly found on the heat
exchanger shell to channel and cover flanges.
FLANGE FACE FINISH

The ASME B16.5 code requires that the flange face (raised face and flat face)
has a specific roughness to ensure that this surface be compatible with the
gasket and provide a high quality seal.

A serrated finish, either concentric or spiral, is required with 30 to 55 grooves per

inch and a resultant roughness between 125 and 500 micro inches. This allows
for various grades of surface finish to be made available by flange manufactures
for the gasket contact surface of metal flanges.

BOLTS

To connect two flanges with each other, also bolts are necessary. The quantity
will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts
is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange.

The most used bolts in Petro and chemical industry for ASME B16.5 flanges are
stud bolts. Stud bolts are made from a threaded rod and using two nuts. The
other available type is the machine-bolt that using one nut.
Dimensions, dimensional tolerances etc. have been defined in the ASME B16.5
and ASME 18.2.2 standard, materials in different ASTM standards.

TORQUE TIGHTENING

To obtain a leak-free flange connection, a proper gasket installation is needed,

the bolts must be assigned on the correct bolt tension, and the total bolt strength
must be evenly divided over the whole flange face.

With Torque Tightening (the application of preload to a fastener by the turning of

the fastener's nut) the correct bolt tension can be realized.

Correct tightening of a bolt means making the best use of the bolt's elastic
properties. To work well, a bolt must behave just like a spring. In operation, the
tightening process exerts an axial pre-load tension on the bolt. This tension load
is of course equal and opposite to the compression force applied on the
assembled components. It can be referred to as the "tightening load" or "tension
load".

TORQUE WRENCH Torque Wrench is the general name for a hand-guided

screwing tool, and used to precisely set the force of a fastening such as a nut or
bolt. It allows the operator to measure the rotational force (torque) applied to the
bolt so it can be matched to the specifications

Manual and hydraulic wrench

The selection of the proper flange bolt tightening technique requires experience.
The successful application of any technique also requires qualification of both the
tools that will be used and the crew who will do the work. The following
summarizes the most commonly used flange bolt tightening techniques.

 Manual Wrench
 Impact Wrench
 Hammer Wrench
 Hydraulic Torque Wrench
 Manual Beam and Gear-Assisted Torque Wrench
 Hydraulic Bolt-Tensioner

TIGHTENING SEQUENCE

The first pass, lightly tighten the first bolt then move directly across or 180
degrees for the second bolt, then move 1/4 turn around the circle or 90 degrees
for the third bolt and directly across for the fourth. Continue this sequence until all
bolts are tightened.
When tightening a four-bolt flange, use a criss-cross pattern.
 Tightening Sequence

PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

In a flanged connection, all components must be correct to achieve a seal. The

most common cause of leaky gasketed joints is improper installation procedures.

Before beginning a bolting process, the following preliminary steps will avoid
future problems:

 Clean the flange-faces and check for scars; the faces must be clean and
free of defects (burrs, pits, dents, etc.).
 Visually inspect all bolts and nuts for damaged or corroded threads.
Replace or repair bolts or nuts as necessary.
 Remove burrs from all threads.
 Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud, and the surface of the nut face
adjacent to the flange or washer. Hardened washers are recommended in
most applications.
 Install the new gasket and be sure gasket is properly centered. DO NOT
REUSE old gasket, or use MULTIPLE gaskets.
 Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:
...flange faces must be parallel within 1/16" per foot of diameter, and flange
bolt holes must be aligned to within 1/8" maximum offset.
 Adjust the position of the nuts to ensure that 2-3 threads are visible above
the top of the nut.

Irrespective of which method of tightening is used, above determined checks and

preparations always must be done.

BOLT TENSIONING

What is Bolt Tensioning?

 Tensioning is the direct axial stretching of the bolt to achieve preload.

Inaccuracies created through friction are eliminated. Massive mechanical
effort to create torque is replaced with simple hydraulic pressure. A uniform
load can be applied by tensioning multiple studs simultaneously.
 Tensioning requires longer bolts, and a seating area on the assembly
around the nut. Tensioning can be done using detachable Bolt Tensioners or
Hydraulic Nuts.

General Procedure

 Step 1: The bolt tensioner is fitted over the stud

 Step 2: Hydraulic pressure is applied to the tensioner which then stretches
the stud
 Step 3: The stud's nut is wound down against the joint face
 Step 4: Pressure is released and the tool removed

ORIFICE FLANGE
Orifice Flanges are intended for use instead of standard pipe flanges when an
orifice plate or flow nozzle must be installed. Pairs of pressure "Tappings", mostly
on 2 sides, directly opposite each other, are machined into the orifice flange. This
makes separate orifice carriers or tapping in the pipe wall unnecessary.

Set of Orifice Flanges

On the image above a set Orifice Flanges is shown, where the tappings are
sealed with a plug, and where a jack screw is machined. This jack screw is used
to facilitate separating the flanges for inspection or replacement of the
"Orifice Plate" and gaskets.

The range of orifice flanges covers all standard sizes and ranges, and all
common flange materials. Flanges are available in Welding Neck, Slip On, and
Threaded form, and are typically supplied with two ½" NPT tappings in each
flange.
ASME B16.36 covers Dimensions and dimensional tolerances from orifice
flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure
differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following flanges:

 Welding Neck Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500

 Slip On Class 300
 Threaded Class 300

ORIFICE PLATE
An Orifice Plate is typically a circular, flat plate with a handle. The most common
orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate, others are
Eccentric Orifice Plate, Segmental Orifice Plate etc. and typically, it is made of a
durable metal such as stainless steel.

A concentric orifice plate

They are normally mounted between a set of Orifice Flanges and are installed in
a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings
and valves.

The image of a CROSS-SECTION of a set of Orifice Flanges, gives you a good

impression.

Orifices Plates are used to create a differential pressure that relates to the
velocity of the gas from which a flow rate can be calculated. As the following gas
passes through the restriction in the line caused by the orifice plate, the
difference in the upstream and downstream pressure can be measured at set
points, called taps, and a flow rate at the point can be determined. As the plate
serve as a restriction in a pipeline, then we talk about a Restriction Orifice Plate,
abbreviated (RO).

Concentric Orifice Plate

The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice
plate. The concentric bored orifice plate is the dominant design because of its
proven reliability in a variety of applications and the extensive amount of
research conducted on this design. The concentric plate is also easily
reproduced at a relatively low cost.
The concentric orifice is used to measure a wide variety of single phase, liquid
and gas products, typically in conjunction with flange taps.

Eccentric Orifice Plate

Eccentric orifices are used to measure the flow fluids that carry solids and are
also used to measure gases which carry liquids. With the eccentric orifice at the
top of the plate, it can measure liquids that carry gas. It should be noted that the
eccentric orifice has a higher degree of uncertainty as compared to the
concentric orifice.

Segmental Orifice Plate

Segmental orifice plates are used to measure the flow of light slurries and fluids
with high concentration of solids. The design of segmental orifice eliminates the
damming of foreign matter and provides more complete drainage than the
eccentric orifice plate. The segmental orifice is considerably more expensive than
the eccentric orifice and has slightly greater uncertainty.

SPECTACLE BLINDS

Spectacle Blinds are generally applied to permanently separating pipesystems,

or just to connect with each other
 Spectacle Blind

A Spectacle Blind is a steel plate cut into two discs of a certain thickness.
The two discs are attached to each other by section of steel similar to the nose
piece of a pair of glasses. One of the discs is a solid plate, and the other is a ring,
whose inside diameter is equal to that of a flange.

Spectacle Blinds be applied in systems, which regularly need to be separated

from other installations.

Normally, a Spectacle Blind is mounted in the "open" position so that flow

through the pipe is possible. If the Spectacle Blind in the "close" position is
rotated, the pipe is blanked off and no flow is possible.

Maintenance on a piping system can be a reason to rotate the spectacle in the

"close" position. This run will take place through the hole that is drilled in the
connection piece. By loosening of all bolts, and partial removal of their, the
Spectacle Blind can be rotated. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to
recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened.

SPADES (SINGLE BLINDS) / RING SPACER

Spades and Ring Spacers are basically the same as Spectacle Blinds, except
that both are not attached to each other.

Spade.

Ring Spacer.
Spades and Spacers are applied in systems where maintenance is often not
necessary, or in applications with large pipe sizes. Depending on the flange size
and the Pressure Class, Spades can weigh hundreds of pounds. To prevent
unnecessary weight to flange connections, usually will be chosen not for a
Spectacle Blind, but for 2 separate parts.

So as for the Spectacle Blind already described, maintenance on a piping system

can be a reason to temporarily replace a Ring Spacer for a Spade. By loosening
of all bolts, and half of the bolts temporarily remove, the Spade or Spacer can be
placed. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts
can be re-assembled and tightened.

A small problem is that we basically cannot see, or a Spade or a Spacer

mounted between the flanges.
Therefore the handles are often specially marked, or both have a different
design; a customer often provides its own specification.
What should never lack is, that in the handle, the diameter and the Pressure
Class of a Spade or Spacer is engraved; this applies also for the Spectacle Blind.

SURFACES / DIMENSIONS / MATERIAL

The sealing surfaces of a Spectacle Blind, Spade or Ring Spacer are usually
conducted in accordance with the Face Finish from the flange. The diameter
always is slightly larger than the Raised Face of a flange; by a correct assembly,
the bolts are just not touched by the Blind or Spacer.

The diameter of them, is depending on the flange size, and the thickness from
the Pressure Class of a flange.
Dimensions from Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers, you will find in the
main menu "Flanges"

ASME B16.48 covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions,

dimensional tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes
NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges in the 150,
300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 Pressure Classes.

Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or
forging specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same
chemical composition as the mating flanges and piping involved.

Pressure Class 150 up to 900 Lbs - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

NPS d2
150 Lbs 300 Lbs 400 Lbs 600 Lbs 900 Lbs
 1/2 48 54 54 54 64
3/4 57 67 67 67 70
1 67 73 73 73 79
1¼ 76 83 83 83 89
1½ 86 95 95 95 98
2 105 111 111 111 143
2½ 124 130 130 130.2 165
3 137 149 149 149 168
3½ 162 165 162 162 -
4 175 181 178 194 206
5 197 216 213 241 248
6 222 251 248 267 289
8 279 308 305 321 359
10 340 362 359 400 435
12 410 422 419 457 498
14 451 486 483 492 521
16 514 540 537 565 575
18 549 597 594 613 638
20 606 654 648 683 699
24 718 775 768 791 838
General notes:

 Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

 d1 = Inside diameter.
 d2 = Outside diameter.
 Dimensional tolerances outside diameter NPS 12 and smaller: +0 / -1.5 mm.
 Dimensional tolerances outside diameter NPS 14 and larger: +0 / -3.0 mm.
 Dimensional tolerances inside diameter NPS 12 and smaller: ± 1.5 mm.
 Dimensional tolerances inside diameter NPS 14 and larger: ± 3.0 mm.
 Thickness (t) specified by customer.

Dimensions of spiral wound gaskets according to ASME B16.20

used with raised face flanges according to ASME B16.5
 Pressure Class 150 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24
Inner Ring Sealing Element
NPS Inside (d1) Inside (d2) Outside (d3)
Diameter Diameter Diameter
1/2 14.2 19.1 31.8
3/4 20.6 25.4 39.6
1 26.9 31.8 47.8
1¼ 38.1 47.8 60.5
1½ 44.5 54.1 69.9
2 55.6 69.9 85.9
2½ 66.5 82.6 98.6
3 81 101.6 120.7
4 106.4 127 149.4
5 131.8 155.7 177.8
6 157.2 182.6 209.6
8 215.9 233.4 263.7
10 268.2 287.3 317.5
12 317.5 339.9 374.7
14 349.3 371.6 406.4
16 400.1 422.4 463.6
18 449.3 474.7 527.1
20 500.1 525.5 577.9
24 603.3 628.7 685.8
General notes:

 Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

 Image shows a Spiral Wound gasket with Inner - and Outer ring.
 d1 = Inside diameter when Inner ring is used.
 d2 = Inside diameter sealing element when no Inner ring is used.
 d3 = Outside diameter of sealing element.
 d4 = Outside diameter of Outer ring.
 Thickness of inner and outer ring: 2.97 mm - 3.33 mm.
 Thickness sealing element: 4.45 mm.
 Tolerance Outside diameter for NPS ½ through NPS 8 is ± 0.8 mm;
for NPS 10 trough NPS 24 tolerance is + 1.5 mm - 0.8 mm.
 ASME B16.20 does not cover class 400 flanges up to NPS 3 and
class 900 flanges up to NPS 2½.
 There are no class 400 flanges NPS 1/2 thru NPS 3 (use Class 600),
class 900 flanges NPS 1/2 thru NPS 2½ (use Class 1500), or class 2500
flanges NPS 14 or larger.
 The inner ring inside diameters shown for NPS 1¼ thru 2½ in class 1500
and 2500 will produce inner ring widths of 0.12 inches, a practical minimum for
production purposes.
 ASME B16.20 which covers spiral wound gaskets requires the use of solid
metal inner rings in: Pressure Class 900, nominal pipe sizes 24 and larger,
 Pressure Class 1500 from nominal pipe sizes 12 and larger, Pressure Class
2500 from nominal pipe sizes 4 and larger and all PTFE filled gaskets.

Dimensions of grooved gaskets acc to ASME B16.20

used with raised face flanges according to ASME B16.5

Pressure Class 150 up to 400 Lbs - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

  150 Lbs 300 Lbs 400 Lbs
NPS   d3
 101.6
101.6 120.6
123.8 133.4 146.1 146.1
111.1 136.5 158.8 161.9 158.7
123.8 171.5 177.8 174.6
150.8 182.6 193.7 212.7 209.5
177.8 212.7 219.1 247.7 244.5
228.6 266.7 276.2 304.8 301.6
282.6 320.7 336.5 358.8 355.6
339.7 377.8 406.4 419.1 415.9
371.5 409.6 447.7 482.6 479.4
422.3 466.7 511.2 536.6 533.4
479.4 530.2 546.1 593.7 590.5
530.2 603.2 650.9 644.5
631.8 682.6 714.4 771.5 765.2

Pressure Class 600 up to 2500 Lbs - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

600 900 1500 2500
 
Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs
NPS   d3

101.6
114.3
139.7 139.7 142.8
101.6 161.9 161.9 165.1
123.8 146.1 165.1 171.5 193.7
111.1 136.5 158.7
123.8 190.5 203.2 206.4 231.7
150.8 182.6 238.1 244.5 250.8 276.2
177.8 212.7 263.5 285.8 279.4 314.3
228.6 266.7 317.5 355.6 349.3 384.1
282.6 320.7 369.9 431.8 431.8
339.7 377.8 495.3 517.5 546.1
371.5 409.6 488.9 517.5 574.7
422.3 466.7 561.9 571.5 638.1
479.4 530.2 609.6 701.7
 530.2 679.5 695.3 752.4
631.8 682.6 787.4 898.5
General notes:

 Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

 Images shows Grooved Gaskets with Covering Layer and Centering Ring.
 d1 = Inside diameter.
 d2 = Outside diameter.
 d3 = Outside diameter of centering ring.
 Thickness (t) specified by customer.

Dimensions of double metal-jacketed gaskets according to ASME B16.20

used with raised face flanges according to ASME B16.5

Pressure Class 150 up to 400 Lbs - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

d2
  NPS   d1
150 Lbs 300 Lbs 400 Lbs
1/2 23.8 44.5 50.8 50.8
3/4 31.8 54 63.5 63.5
1 36.5 63.5 69.9 69.9
1¼ 46 73 79.4 79.4
1½ 52.4 82.6 92.1 92.1
2 73.2 101.6 108 108
2½ 85.9 120.6 127 127
3 107.8 133.4 146.1 146.1
4 131.8 171.5 177.8 174.7
5 152.4 193.8 212.8 209.5
6 190.5 219.1 247.7 244.5
8 238.3 276.3 304.8 301.7
 10 285.8 336.6 358.8 355.6
12 342.9 406.4 419.1 415.9
14 374.7 447.7 482.6 479.5
16 425.5 511.2 536.6 533.4
18 489 546.1 593.7 590.6
20 533.4 603.3 650.9 644.5
24 641.4 714.4 771.6 765.3

Pressure Class 600 up to 2500 Lbs - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

d2
NPS  
600 Lbs 900 Lbs 1500 Lbs 2500 Lbs

101.6
114.3
139.7 139.7
161.9 161.9 165.1
107.8 146.1 165.1 171.5 193.8
131.8 190.5 203.2 206.5 231.9
152.4 238.2 244.6 250.9 276.3
190.5 263.6 285.8 279.4 314.5
238.3 317.5 355.6 349.3 384.3
285.8 396.9 431.8 431.8 473.2
342.9 454.1 495.3 517.6 546.1
374.7 517.6 574.7
425.5 571.5 638.2
609.6 701.8
533.4 679.5 695.5 752.5
641.4 787.4 835.1 898.6
General notes:

 Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

 d1 = Inside diameter.
 d2 = Outside diameter.
 Dimensional tolerances diameter up to NPS 24 = + 1.58 / - 0 mm for both
diameters.
 Dimensional tolerances thickness (t) up to NPS 24 = + 0.80 / - 0
mm.Thickness (t) specified by customer.