Hands-on Training
Basic Hydraulic
Hydraulic Components(3)
Valve
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Content
s
Topic
1. Kind of control valve
2. Directional control valve
3. Pressure control valve
4. Flow control valve
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1. Kind of control valve
Directional control
valve
Control Pressure control
valve valve
Flow control
valve
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Introduction
Directional Control Valves.
Directional Control Valves provide links between various parts of the
hydraulic system, by connecting of disconnecting and/or changing
the oil flow direction.
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DCV Designation
P = Pressure Port.
T= Return (Tank) Port.
A&B= Actuator Ports.
Designation:
The number of ports and the number of valve positions that a DCV has
will be the basic to describe the type of valve designation
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Actuation of Spools.
The spools are moved and controlled by different methods of actuation.
Manually
operated Pneumatic
operated
Hand lever Solenoid
with detent operated
Spring return,
Roller tappet solenoid operated
Spring centered,
Pedal solenoid Operated
Pilot operated,
Hydraulic Electrical controlled
operated
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Spools
Grooves Metering Notches
What is the function of Grooves?
1. Hold a small amount of oil for lubrication between body and spool.
2. Assists with sealing.
3. Retains small particles of contamination.
What is the function of Metering Notches?
1. Minimizes the possibility of hydraulic lock up.
2. Better control of flow rates with fine operation and cushioning.
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2. Directional control valve
1) What is the Kinds of directional control valve?
Open center valve Closed center valve
Open center Closed center
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2. Directional control valve
2) Open center control valve structure
3- Valve
1- jet sensor2-Jet sensor 5- Return
4- Spool spring 7- Suction valve
orifice body
relief valve
8- Safety suction 9- Check
valve Valve
6- Main Relief valve
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2. Directional control valve
3) Open center control valve operation
Which direction cylinder will move refer
to the Spool position in each picture?
Neutral
Spool moves to left
Oil goes to cylinder bottom side
Spool moves to right
Oil goes to cylinder head side
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2. Directional control valve
4) Closed center control valve structure 1/2
1- Unload 2- Cover
Valve 3-Main Relief valve
4- Return spring
5- Spool
6- Valve Body
High Pressure
Line From
pump (RED)
Low Pressure
Line from
Drain to tank 7- Cover
(BLUE)
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2. Directional control valve
4) Closed center control valve structure 2/2
2- LS shuttle valve
3- Pressure Compensation valve
To Actuator “A” port To Actuator “B” port
1- Load Check
Valve Return to
Tank (Blue)
From pump
5- Valve Body (RED) 4 – Safety suction Valve
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3. Pressure control valve
1) Kinds of pressure control valve
Relief valve
Unload valve
Pressure
control valve
Suction valve
Reducing valve
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3. Pressure control valve
2) Kinds of relief valve
Ball type
Direct
Poppet type
acting type
Spool type
Relief
valve Piston type
Differential
pressure type
Single stage
Pilot type
Two stage
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3. Pressure control valve
3) Relief valve structure
2-Pilot poppet Valve seat 4- Sleeve
1- Pilot Poppet 3- Pilot poppet Spring 5 - Holder
6-Retianer
7- Main Relief Valve Seat 9-Main Relief Valve spring
8-Main Relief Valve Piston
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Main Relief Valves
Two Stage Relief Valve
What is the function of Main Relief Valve?
The Main Relief Valve is designed to maintain a
maximum working pressure. When the hydraulic
oil reaches maximum pressure the relief valve
will allow the flow to return to tank, protecting
all hydraulic components.
Single Stage Relief Valve
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3. Pressure control valve
4) Relief valve operation
d1
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3. Pressure control valve
5) Unload valve structure
1-Holder 2-Spring 3-Spool
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3. Pressure control valve
6) Unload valve operation
LS circuit
b
Neutral
Pump circuit
c
a
Tank circuit
LS circuit
Working
Pump circuit
Tank circuit
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3. Pressure control valve
7) Suction valve structure
2- Spring
1-Valve Body 3- Poppet 4- Valve Seat
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3. Pressure control valve
8) Suction valve operation
Tank circuit Actuator circuit
Normal
Tank circuit Actuator circuit
Suction
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Safety Suction Valve
Relief of high pressure To Tank
The safety suction valve is to
protect the hydraulic circuit when
the actuator generates its own
pressure. From Actuator
(eg. When a hydraulic cylinder is
pushed by an external force)
The Safety Suction Valve is to
relief positive pressure.
From Tank
When negative pressure is
generated the Safety Suction
Valve will open up and allow oil To Actuator
to flow in from the hydraulic
reservoir stopping excessive
negative pressure.
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3. Pressure control valve Self Pressure
9) Reducing valve structure Reducing valve
8- Spring
7- Sleeve
1- Valve body 2- Spool 3- Spring 4-Poppet 5-Holder 6- Spring
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3. Pressure control valve
11) PPC valve structure
Pilot-pressure Proportional Control
6-Nut
7- Joint
5-Disc
4-Piston
8- Plate
9- Retainer
3-Centering spring
2- Metering spring
1-Spool 10- Valve body
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3. Pressure control valve
12) PPC valve operation
f1
f2
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