Purves17 5/14/04 10:35 AM Page 427

TALLER GANGLIOS BASALES

En los siguientes esquemas nombre las estructuras

Vía directa motora

Modulation of Movement by the Basal Ganglia 427
Purves17 5/14/04 10:35 AM Page 427

(A) Direct pathway Figure 17.8 Disinhibition in the direct

and indirect pathways through the
Cortezacortex
Cerebral Corteza
Frontal cortex basal

ganglia. (A) In the direct pathway,
transiently
Modulation of Movement
inhibitory
by the Basalprojections
Gangliafrom427
+ (transient) + (transient)
the caudate and putamen project to ton-
ically active inhibitory neurons in the
Substantia +
internal segment of the globus pallidus,
(A) nigra
Direct pathway
Sustancia D1 Caudado/Putamen
Caudate/putamen VA/VL complex
Tálamo/Ventral
of
Anterior Figure 17.8 Disinhibition in the direct
pars thalamus which project in turn to the VA/VL
Nigra Ventral Lateral and indirect pathways through the
compacta complex of the thalamus. Transiently
Cerebral cortex
− (transient)
Frontal cortex
− (tonic)

ganglia.
basal
excitatory
(A) In the direct pathway,
inputs to the caudate and
(transient) transiently inhibitory projections from
+ (transient) + (transient) putamen from the cortex and substantia
the caudate and putamen project to ton-
nigra are also shown, as is the tran-
Globo pálido ically active inhibitory neurons in the
Substantia + Globus pallidus, siently excitatory input from the thala-
nigra interno
internal segment VA/VL complex of
internal segment of the globus pallidus,
mus back to the cortex. (B) In the indi-
D1 Caudate/putamen which project in turn to the VA/VL
pars thalamus rect pathway (shaded yellow),
compacta complex of the thalamus. Transiently
transiently active inhibitory neurons
− (transient) − (tonic) excitatory inputs to the caudate and
(transient) from the caudate and putamen project
putamen from the cortex and substantia
to tonically active inhibitory neurons of
(B) Indirect and direct pathways nigra are also shown, as is the tran-
the external segment of the globus pal-
Globus pallidus, siently excitatory input from the thala-
Indirect lidus. Note that the influence of nigral
pathway internal segment mus back to the cortex. (B) In the indi-
dopaminergic input to neurons in the
Via indirecta motora
Cerebral cortex Frontal cortex rect pathway (shaded yellow),
indirect pathway is inhibitory. The
transiently active inhibitory neurons
+ (transient) + (transient) + (transient) globus pallidus (external segment) neu-
+
from the caudate and putamen project
rons project to the subthalamic nucleus,
to
tonically active inhibitory neurons of
(B) Substantia D1pathways
Indirect and direct which also receives a strong excitatory
nigra VA/VL complex of the external segment of the globus pal-
Caudate/putamen input from the cortex. The subthalamic
pars
Indirect thalamus lidus. Note that the influence of nigral
compacta
pathway D2 nucleus in turn projects to the globus
dopaminergic input to neurons in the
−
−
CortezaCerebral cortex
(transient) − (transient)
Frontal
Cortezacortex

pallidus
indirect
(internal segment), where its
pathway is inhibitory. The
(transient) transiently

excitatory drive acts to
+ (transient) + (transient) + (transient) globus pallidus (external segment) neu-
oppose the disinhibitory action of the
+ rons project to the subthalamic nucleus,
direct pathway. In this way, the indirect
Substantia D1 Globus pallidus, − Globus pallidus, which also receives a strong excitatory
Sustancia
nigra external segment internal segment VA/VL complex of pathway modulates the effects of the
Caudate/putamen −
Tálamo/Ventral Anterior input from the cortex. The subthalamic
Nigrapars Caudado/Putamen Ventral thalamus
lateral direct pathway.
nucleus in turn projects to the globus
compacta D2 (tonic)
−

pallidus (internal segment), where its

(transient) − − (transient)+ − (transient)
transiently excitatory drive acts to
(tonic) (transient) oppose the disinhibitory action of the
direct pathway. In this way, the indirect
Globo
Globus pálido − Globus
pallidus,
Subthalamic Globopallidus,
pálido pathway modulates the effects of the
external
externo segment internal segment
nucleus interno −
direct pathway.
(tonic)

− +
(tonic) (transient)

Núcleo
Subthalamic
nal globus pallidus and Subtalámico
substantia
nucleus nigra pars reticulata. In the indirect path-
way, a population of medium spiny neurons projects to the lateral or exter-
nal segment of the globus pallidus. This external division sends projections
both to the internal segment of the globus pallidus and to the subthalamic
nucleus of the ventral thalamus (see Figure 17.1). But, instead of projecting
to structures outside of the basal ganglia, the subthalamic nucleus projects
nal globus
back to thepallidus
internaland substantia
segment nigra
of the parspallidus
globus reticulata.andIn to
thethe
indirect path-
substantia
way, apars
nigra population of As
reticulata. medium
alreadyspiny neurons
described, projects
these latter to
twothenuclei
lateral or exter-
project out
nalthe
of segment of the globus
basal ganglia, which pallidus.
thus allowsThis
theexternal
indirectdivision
pathway sends projections
to influence the
both to the
activity internal
of the uppersegment of the globus pallidus and to the subthalamic
motor neurons.


Escriba las estructuras señaladas

1.
Lenticular

2.
Putamen

3.
Cabeza Núcleo Caudado

4.
Ínsula

5.
Plexo Coroideo (Prolongación Occipital del Ventrículo Lateral)

6.
Globo pálido externo

Las siguientes imágenes son características de la enfermedad de Wilson. Investigue las

manifestaciones de la enfermedad y correlacionelas con los circuitos de los ganglios basales
están comprometidos

 Escriba el texto aquí

En la enfermedad Hepatolenticular de Wilson se caracteriza por una deficiencia en el

metabolismo del cobre, esto genera que este se comience a acumular en los tejidos
producciendo toxicidad y un daño progresivo, un lugar afectado es el núcleo lenticular, esta afectación
me va a generar síntomas neurológicos relacionados con el movimiento puesto que me va a afectar
las vías directa e indirecta por ende van a predominar posturas rígidas, dificultad para caminar,
movimientos incontrolables y lo demás relacionado con el circuito de los ganglios basales