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A 3946KLB-A3946KLP - Drive de Potência PDF
A 3946KLB-A3946KLP - Drive de Potência PDF
29319.150b
Data Sheet
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
A3946KLB SOIC The A3946 is designed specifically for applications that require
high power unidirectional dc motors, three-phase brushless dc motors, or
other inductive loads. The A3946 provides two high-current gate drive
VREG 1 16 VBB outputs that are capable of driving a wide range of power N-channel
CP2 2 15 VREF
MOSFETs. The high-side gate driver switches an N-channel MOSFET
CP1 3 14 DT
PGND 4 13 LGND
that controls current to the load, while the low-side gate driver switches
GL 5 12 RESET an N-channel MOSFET as a synchronous rectifier.
S 6 11 IN2
GH 7 10 IN1 A bootstrap capacitor provides the above-battery supply voltage
Scale 1:1
BOOT 8 9 ~FAULT required for N-channel MOSFETs. An internal charge pump for the
high side allows for dc (100% duty cycle) operation of the half-bridge.
The A3946 is available in a choice of two power packages: a
A3946KLP TSSOP with Exposed Thermal Pad 16-lead SOIC with internally fused leads (part number suffix LB), and
a 16-lead TSSOP with exposed thermal pad (suffix LP). Both packages
VREG 1 16 VBB
have a lead (Pb) free version, with 100% matte tin plated leadframes
CP2 2 15 VREF (suffix -T).
CP1 3 14 DT
PGND 4 13 LGND
GL 5 12 RESET FEATURES
S 6 11 IN2
On-chip charge pump for 7 V minimum input supply voltage
GH 7 10 IN1
Scale 1:1 BOOT 8 9 ~FAULT High-current gate drive for driving a wide range of
N-channel MOSFETs
Bootstrapped gate drive with charge pump for 100% duty cycle
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Overtemperature protection
Load Supply Voltage, VBB ............................. 60 V
Logic Inputs ..................................–0.3 V to 6.5 V Undervoltage protection
Pin S……. .........................................–4 V to 60 V –40ºC to 135ºC ambient operation
Pin GH ...........................................–4 V to 75 V
Pin BOOT….. ................................–0.6 V to 75 V
Pin DT ........................................................ VREF
Pin VREG ......................................–0.6 V to 15 V Selection Guide
Package Thermal Resistance, RJA Part Number Pb-free Packing Package
1 A3946KLB –
A3946KLB..................................... 48°C/W
47 pieces/tube
2 A3946KLB-T Yes
A3946KLB..................................... 38°C/W 16-pin SOIC with internally
fused leads
A3946KLP ..................................... 44°C/W1 A3946KLBTR –
1000 pieces/reel
A3946KLP ..................................... 34°C/W2 A3946KLBTR-T Yes
Operating Temperature Range, TA .. –40°C to +135°C A3946KLP –
96 pieces/tube
Junction Temperature, TJ...........................+150°C A3946KLP-T Yes 16-pin TSSOP with exposed
Storage Temperature Range, TS ....-55°C to +150°C A3946KLPTR – thermal pad
Notes: 4000 pieces/reel
A3946KLPTR-T Yes
1. Measured on a two-sided PCB with 3 in.2 of
2 oz. copper.
2. Measured on JEDEC standard High-K board.
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
C1
C2 0.47 uF, X7R
0.47 uF, X7R V rated to VBAT
V rated to VBAT
P
VREF VREG
Charge
+5 Vref
Pump
0.1 uF CREG
X7R
10 10 V ILIM
L P
kΩ L P
Charge
Pump
BOOT
~FAULT
Protection
VREG Undervoltage Bootstrap
CBOOT
Overtemperature UVLO
UVLOBOOT
L
VREF RGATE
GH
High Side
DT Turn-On Driver P
Delay
RDEAD
IN1
Control
S
L Logic
VREG
L
IN2 GL RGATE
Low Side
Driver
PGND
L
RESET P LGND
L
L P
2
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
Limits
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Units
RESET = High, Outputs Low – 3 6 mA
VBB Quiescent Current IVBB
RESET = Low – – 10 μA
VREF Output Voltage VREF IREF ≤ 4 mA, CREF = 0.1 μF 4.5 – 5.5 V
Tj = 25°C – 4 – Ω
Pullup On Resistance RDSUP
Tj = 135°C – 6 – Ω
Tj = 25°C – 2 – Ω
Pulldown On Resistance RDSDOWN
Tj = 135°C – 3 – Ω
GH Output Voltage VGH tpw < 10 μs, Bootstrap Capacitor fully charged VREG – 1.5 – – V
Timing
Dead Time (Delay from Rdead = 5 kΩ 200 350 500 ns
tDEAD
Turn Off to Turn On) Rdead = 100 kΩ 5 6 7 μs
Propagation Delay tPD Logic input to unloaded GH, GL. DT = VREF – – 150 ns
3
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
Limits
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
Protection
VREG Undervoltage VREGON VREG increasing 8.6 9.1 9.6 V
VREG Undervoltage VREGOFF VREG decreasing 7.8 8.3 8.8 V
BOOT Undervoltage VBSON VBOOT increasing 8 8.75 9.5 V
Logic
Input Current IIN(1) IN1 VIN / IN2 VIN = 2.0 V – 40 100 μA
4
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
Functional Description
VREG. A 13 V output from the on-chip charge pump, used cleared immediately, and remains cleared. If the power is
to power the low-side gate drive circuit directly, provides the restored (no UVREG or UVREF), and if no OVERTEMP
current to charge the bootstrap capacitors for the high-side fault exists, then the latched fault remains cleared when the
gate drive. RESET line returns to high. However, FAULT = 1 may still
occur because a UVBOOT fault condition may still exist.
The VREG capacitor, CREG, must supply the instantaneous
current to the gate of the low-side MOSFET. A 10 μF, 25 V
Charge Pump. The A3946 is designed to accommodate
capacitor should be adequate. This capacitor can be either
a wide range of power supply voltages. The charge pump
electrolytic or ceramic (X7R).
output, VREG, is regulated to 13 V nominal.
Diagnostics and Protection. The fault output pin, In all modes, this regulator is current-limited. When VBB
~FAULT, goes low (i.e., FAULT = 1) when the RESET line < 8 V, the charge pump operates as a voltage doubler. When
is high and any of the following conditions are present: 8 V < VBB< 15 V, the charge pump operates as a voltage
• Undervoltage conditions on VREG (UVREG) or on the doubler/PWM, current-controlled, voltage regulator. When
internal logic supply VREF (UVREF). These conditions VBB>15 V, the charge pump operates as a PWM, current-con-
set a latched fault. trolled, voltage regulator. Efficiency shifts, from 80% at VBB=
• A junction temperature > 170°C (OVERTEMP). This con- 7 V, to 20% at VBB = 50 V.
dition sets a latched fault.
• An undervoltage on the stored charge of the BOOT capaci- CAUTION. Although simple paralleling of VREG supplies
tor (UVBOOT). This condition does NOT set a latched from several A3946s may appear to work correctly, such a
fault. configuration is NOT recommended. There is no assurance
that one of the regulators will not dominate, taking on all of
An overtemperature event signals a latched fault, but does the load and back-biasing the other regulators. (For example,
not disable any output drivers, regulators, or logic inputs. this could occur if a particular regulator has an internal refer-
The user must turn off the A3946 (e.g., force the RESET line ence voltage that is higher that those of the other regulators,
low) to prevent damage. which would force it to regulate at the highest voltage.)
The power FETs are protected from inadequate gate drive Sleep Mode/Power Up. In Sleep Mode, all circuits are
voltage by undervoltage detectors. Either of the regulator disabled in order to draw minimum current from VBB. When
undervoltage faults (UVREG or UVREF) disable both output powering up and leaving Sleep Mode (the RESET line is
drivers until both voltages have been restored. The high-side high), the gate drive outputs stay disabled and a fault remains
driver is also disabled during a UVBOOT fault condition. asserted until VREF and VREG pass their undervoltage
thresholds. When powering up, before starting the first boot-
Under many operating conditions, both the high-side (GH) strap charge cycle, wait until t = CREG ⁄ 4 (where CREG is in
and low-side (GL) drivers may be off, allowing the BOOT μF, and t is in ns) to allow the charge pump to stabilize.
capacitor to discharge (or never become charged) and create
a UVBOOT fault condition, which in turn inhibits the high- When powered-up (not in Sleep Mode), if the RESET line
side driver and creates a FAULT = 1. This fault is NOT is low for > 10 μs, the A3946 may start to enter Sleep Mode
latched. To remove this fault, momentarily turn on GL to (VREF < 4 V). In that case, ~FAULT = 1 as long as the RESET
charge the BOOT capacitor. line remains low.
Latched faults may be cleared by a low pulse, 1 to 10 μs If the RESET line is open, the A3946 should go into Sleep
wide, on the RESET line. Throughout that pulse (despite Mode. However, to ensure that this occurs, the RESET line
a possible UVBOOT), FAULT = 0; also the fault latch is must be grounded.
5
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
Dead Time. The analog input pin DT sets the delay to turn The dead time circuit can be disabled by tying the DT pin
on the high- or low-side gate outputs. When instructed to to VREF. This disables the turn-on delay and allows direct
turn off, the gate outputs change after an short internal propa- control of each MOSFET gate via two control lines. This is
gation delay (90 ns typical). The dead time controls the time shown in the Control Logic table, on page 2.
between this turn-off and the turn-on of the appropriate gate. Top-Off Charge Pump. An internal charge pump allows
The duration, tDEAD, can be adjusted within the range 350 ns 100% duty cycle operation of the high-side MOSFET. This is
to 6000 ns using the following formula: a low-current trickle charge pump, and is only operated after
tDEAD = 50 + (RDEAD ⁄ 16.7 ) a high-side has been signaled to turn on. A small amount
of bias current (< 200 μA) is drawn from the BOOT pin
where tDEAD is in ns, and RDEAD is in Ω, and should be in the to operate the floating high-side circuit. The charge pump
range 5 kΩ < RDEAD < 100 kΩ. simply provides enough drive to ensure that the gate voltage
Do not ground the DT pin. If the DT pin is left open, dead does not droop due to this bias supply current. The charge
time defaults to 12 μs. required for initial turn-on of the high-side gate must be sup-
plied by bootstrap capacitor charge cycles. This is described
Control Logic. Two different methods of control are in the section Application Information.
possible with the A3946. When a resistor is connected from
DT to ground, a single-pin PWM scheme is utilized by short- VREF. VREF is used for the internal logic circuitry and
ing IN1 with IN2. If a very slow turn-on is required (greater is not intended as an external power supply. However,
than 6 μs), the two input pins can be hooked-up individually the VREF pin can source up to 4 mA of current. A 0.1 μF
to allow the dead times to be as long as needed. capacitor is needed for decoupling.
6
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
Application Information
Bootstrap Capacitor Selection. CBOOT must be cor- At power-up and when the drivers have been disabled for
rectly selected to ensure proper operation of the device. If a long time, the bootstrap capacitor can be completely
too large, time is wasted charging the capacitor, with the discharged. In this case, Delta_v can be considered to be the
result being a limit on the maximum duty cycle and PWM full high-side drive voltage, 12 V. Otherwise, Delta_v is the
frequency. If the capacitor is too small, the voltage drop can amount of voltage dropped during the charge transfer, which
be too large at the time the charge is transferred from the should be 400 mV or less. The capacitor is charged whenever
CBOOT to the MOSFET gate.
the S pin is pulled low, via a GL PWM cycle, and current
To keep the voltage drop small: flows from VREG through the internal bootstrap diode
circuit to CBOOT.
QBOOT >> QGATE
Power Dissipation. For high ambient temperature
where a factor in the range of 10 to 20 is reasonable. Using applications, there may be little margin for on-chip power
20 as the factor:
consumption. Careful attention should be paid to ensure that
QBOOT = CBOOT × VBOOT = QGATE × 20 the operating conditions allow the A3946 to remain in a safe
and range of junction temperature.
CBOOT = QGATE × 20 / VBOOT
The power consumed by the A3946 can be estimated as:
The voltage drop on the BOOT pin, as the MOSFET is being
turned on, can be approximated by: P_total = Pd_bias + Pd_cpump + Pd_switching_loss
For example, given a gate charge, QGATE, of 160 nC, and the Pd_bias = VBB × IVBB , typically 3 mA,
typical BOOT pin voltage of 12 V, the value of the Boot
capacitor, CBOOT, can be determined by: and
7
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
+VBAT
C1
C2 0.47 μF
10 μF
P
CP2 CP1
VREF
VREF VREG
Charge
+5 Vref
Pump
0.1 uF CREG
10 ILIM
10 μF
kΩ L L P P
Charge
Pump
BOOT
~FAULT
Protection
VREG Undervoltage Bootstrap
CBOOT
Overtemperature UVLO
UVLOBOOT 0.47 μF
IRF2807
L
GH RGATE
High Side
DT Turn-On Driver P
33 Ω
Delay
200
RDEAD kΩ
15.8 kΩ
IN1
Control
S
L Logic
VREG
IN Forward IRF2807
L
IN IN2 GL RGATE
Low Side
Brake
Driver
33 Ω
PGND
L DC
External M
LGND Motor
+5 V RESET P
L
L P
Diagram A. Dependent drivers. Unidirectional motor control with braking and dead time. TDEAD = 1 μs; QTOTAL = 160 nC.
8
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
+VBAT
C1
C2 0.47 μF
10 μF
P
CP2 CP1
VREF
VREF VREG
Charge
+5 Vref
Pump
P
0.1 uF CREG
10 ILIM
kΩ L L P P 10 μF
Charge
Pump
BOOT
~FAULT M
Protection
VREG Undervoltage Bootstrap
CBOOT DC Motor #2
Overtemperature UVLO
UVLOBOOT 0.47 μF
L IRF2807
GH RGATE
High Side
VREF DT Turn-On Driver
33 Ω
Delay
200
DC Motor #1 kΩ
Forward IN1
Control
S
Slow Logic
Decay
DC Motor #2 L VREG
IRF2807
Forward IN2
GL RGATE
Slow
Low Side
Decay
Driver
33 Ω
200
L PGND kΩ
External
+5 V RESET M
P LGND
L DC Motor #1
L P
Diagram B. Independent drivers. One high-side drive and one low-side drive.
9
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
+VBAT
C1
C2 0.47 μF
10 μF
P P
CP2 CP1
VREF
VREF VREG
Charge
+5 Vref
Pump
0.1 uF CREG
10 ILIM
kΩ L L P P 10 μF
Charge
Pump M M
BOOT
~FAULT
Protection DC Motor DC Motor
VREG Undervoltage Bootstrap #1 #2
Overtemperature UVLO
UVLOBOOT
IRF2807
L
GH RGATE
High Side
VREF DT Turn-On Driver
33 Ω
Delay
200
DC Motor #1 kΩ
Forward IN1
Control
S
Slow Logic
Decay
P
VREG
IRF2807
DC Motor #2 L
Forward IN2 GL RGATE
Low Side
Slow
Driver
Decay 33 Ω
PGND 200
L kΩ
External
P LGND
+5 V RESET
L
L P
10
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
SOIC-16 TSSOP-16
Pin Name Pin Description
(A3946KLB) (A3946KLP)
In the LP package, the exposed thermal pad is not connected to any pin, but should be externally connected to ground, to reduce noise
pickup by the pad.
11
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
A3946KLB SOIC
.406 10.31
.398 10.11 8º
0º
16
.011 0.28
.009 0.23
.299 7.59
.291 7.39
1 2
.020 0.51
.014 0.36 .104 2.64
.050 1.27
.096 2.44
BSC
.026 0.66
.012 0.30
REF
.004 0.10
Dimensions in inches
Metric dimensions (mm) in brackets, for reference only
Webbed lead frame. Leads 4 and 13 are joined together within the device package.
4.5 0.177
4.3 0.169 A 3 0.118
BSC
6.6 0.260
6.2 0.244 1 0.039
REF
3 0.118
1 2 BSC .75 0.030
.45 0.018
.25 0.010
BSC
Seating Plane
Gauge Plane
.30 0.012
.19 0.007 .65 .026 1.20 0.047
BSC MAX
.15 0.006
.00 0.000
Dimensions in millimeters
U.S. Customary dimensions (in.) in brackets, for reference only
A Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface)
NOTES:
1. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown.
2. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative.
3. Supplied in standard sticks/tubes of 49 devices or add “TR” to part number for tape and reel.
12
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3946
Half-Bridge Power MOSFET Controller
13
www.allegromicro.com
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000