The City and Government

during Spanish colonial Era

 The City
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During first ten year of Spanish rule, there were only two Cities
which is Manila and Cebu
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After 1700 the Philippines have six cities Cebu, Manila, Vigan,
Nueva Segovia (now Cagayan), Arevalo (now Iloilo City) Nueva
Caceres (now Naga).
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The City town hall today back the they called it Ayuntamiento,
lead by Two Alcalde
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The former maharlika like Datu, Gat, Lakan, Rajah they were
given the privileges in Political opinion and great economic life.
 Propagating the Catholic Faith

• The first one spread Catholicism in the Philippines is the

Augustinian missionary in 1565, They spread it in Manila,
Visayas, Ilocos, Pampanga, and Pangasinan
• In 1577 the Franciscan Missionary spread the Catholicism
in Laguna, Batangas and Quezon.
• In 1581 The Jesuits Missionary spread the Catholicism in
Leyte, Cebu, Bohol and Samar
●
The Dominician Missionaries they came in Manila 1587
then spread the Catholicism also in Manila and Pangasina
then to Cagayan
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Then after the Dominician, the Recollect Missionary came
in 1606 then spread Catholicism in Bataan, Zambales,
Mindoro, Masbate, Ticao Burias, Cuyo, Romblon and
Negros.
●
These are the Missionaries worked hard to convert us to
Catholicism that span more than twenty years from the time
of Legazpi
 CONVERTED
●
1565-1606 The number of people converted to Catholic is
250,000
●
In 1850 The number of people converted to Catholic is less than a
Million
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In 1860 The number of people converted is Four million
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In 1898 The number of people converted is Six and Half million
●
Even though there lots of people converted it was not enough to
cover the entire Philippines so some still believe in the Old
religion
 The Union of Church and State

●
Because of the Kings of Spain so much love their
own religion the State and Church became
closely identified
●
The same union introduced to the Philippines.
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So that the Friars became member of the Central
Government
 The Friars power and obligation
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The Census Enumerator
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The Health officer
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The inspector of school
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The one who will approve the drama or writings to be
published
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The replacement to the Audencia, they Audit the money in the
government
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The one will approve if the man can join the military
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The replacement when the governor general is out or sick
 The Church officials that became acting
Governor General
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Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta (1719-1721)
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Bishop Juan Arrechedera (1745-1750)
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Bishop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta (1759-1761)
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Archbishop Manuel Rojo (1761-1762)
 The Inquisition
●
The Inquisition is a group of people whose duty is to search
the people who have the contrary practice or preaching to the
Catholic religion
●
There are no office of the Inquisition in the Philippines but
there is a representative from Mexico where they will report if
there is someone acting contrary to Catholic religion
●
They may arrest Filipino and even also a Spaniard
●
They call there way capturing people is Holy Inquisition
 The Introduction of Printing Press
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The Spaniard missionary spread the religion and Spaniard rules
in a book that it was handwritten, there no printing press during
those early ages
●
Because it took much time copying a doctrine, The
Dominicians introduce the first printing press which was called
Xylography
●
Xylography is printing in a two thick woodblock which is
rectangular and was carved with words then the wood covered
in evenly ink then piece of paper was place in the woodblock
press by heavy object when lifted the words carved in the
woods was imprinted to the paper.
●
The first book published in the
printing method of Xylography is
Christian Doctrine
●
They printed it in a Taglog and
Chinese version
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It was printed in 1593
 The Typography
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They believe printing in woodblock still cumbersome, so
the Dominicians improved the printing by introducing the
movable type, they carved out letter to small pieces of
wood or iron then same method of printing.
●
Father Francisco de San Jose became an expert in the
printing press so he decided to print a Filipino Grammar
book in 1602
●
Iin 1703, Father Domingo de los Santos printed the
famous book Vocabulario de la Lengua