Simulation about Battery Equalization Charging

Based on the Fuzzy Control

Yao Xiao

Department of Vehicle Engineering

Shandong Transport Vocational College, Weifang, China
yaoxiao1201@126.com

Abstract. Electric vehicles have developed rapidly for its advantages of energy
saving and environment protection, while the problem of equalization circuit of
batteries should be reckoned with. In order to resolving the lag of voltage
equilibrium, the strategy aiming at battery state of charge is designed, and model
of the charge equalization strategy is established and simulated, The feasibility of
the strategy is proved.

Keywords: EV, Battery, Equalizing Charge.

1 Introduction

In order to meet the power requirements, electric vehicles usually use the energy supply
methods as follow: battery monomer series and two or more batteries connected in
parallel. Because of the differences of batteries, some battery cells will be over-charged
and over voltage when charging, which lead to the decrease the thermo stability of
batteries and the loss of service lifespan. It also increases the use and maintenance costs
of EV. However, the strategy of battery equalizing charge can solve the above shortage
effectively [1]. In this paper, with the purpose of eliminating the problems above, the
control scheme of fuzzy equalization charging was designed.

2 Analysis of Equalizing Charge Technology

At present, many control methods of equalizing charge technology are put forward.
Take some for example; cutout and shunt equalization, internal friction and energy
feedback equalization, static and dynamic equalization [2]; all the methods have their
acuter particular application.
The detection and control methods showed above can be classified into three
categories: voltage balancing, battery SOC equilibrium and battery capacity
equalization [3]. Voltage balance and SOC equilibrium are service of battery capacity;
they have corresponding relationship in a certain range. Now the voltage balance
method is widely used, however, because of the temperature, charging current,
charging voltage and other factors, this method has the certain lag, can not reflect the
real-time storage of the battery. So this method will cause the battery overcharge or

D. Jin and S. Lin (Eds.): Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, LNEE 177, pp. 329–333.
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undercharge, and at the same time the accuracy of the voltage detection is to be
improved. Because of the detection accuracy problem in battery capacity, this method
is seldom used.
With the depth of research in SOC algorithm and battery model [4], SOC estimation
accuracy is improved, so SOC equilibrium could reflect the battery real state. Along the
development of science, measure elements used for battery quantity are researched and
produced. During this paper we defines SOC of a battery as research target, using the
electric energy dynamic equalization schemes, in which can we realize the dynamic
detection of the battery status and improve the efficiency of battery charging.

3 Design of Equalizing Charge System

In this strategy the widely-used power lithium battery is chosen as the equalizing
object, the model of lithium battery was established. There are mainly three parameter
circuit models: Rint model, Thevenin model and PNGV model [5]. The Rint model
shown in figure.1 was selected because of its facility and the effect temperature brought
to battery capacity was ignored.

Fig. 1. Rint Model

Where, R was the cell internal resistance; U was the battery terminal voltage; E was
the cell electromotive force.
At the beginning of charge, the open-circuit voltage method was used to calculate
battery SOC and the current integral method was applied in the process of charging, so
as to solve real-time and lag problem of voltage detection.

f ( SOC ) = k1 *U + k2 (1)
1 T
SOC = SOC0 +
Qn 
0
η IdT (2)

In the above, k1 、 k 2 are constants; Qn is the battery rated capacity; I is the

charging current; η is the charging efficiency.
On improving batteries’ stability and life, the equalization circuit should be
controlled easily and contains fewer elements so as to reduce the heat output and
volume of elements. On the basis of field observation, the energy transfer and without
loss equalization circuit is chosen as follow: